FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Khavkin, E Coe, E AF Khavkin, E Coe, E TI Mapped genomic locations for developmental functions and QTLs reflect concerted groups in maize (Zea mays L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE gene clusters; homeotic genes; pleiotropic expression; quantitative trait loci (QTLs); Zea mays L ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GROWTH-REGULATING GENES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; RESISTANCE GENES; HOMEOBOX GENES; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; PROMOTER; REGIONS AB For maize, we have analyzed conjointly the map locations reported to-date of genes for growth, development, and stress response. We find that these genes associate into functional clusters, 10-30 cM long, distributed non-randomly along all ten chromosomes. These clusters comprise the loci for environmental and hormonal sensors, the growth machinery genes (e.g., genes for the enzymes of hormone synthesis, mutations disturbing sporophyte and gametophyte development, or genes for programmed cell death) and the master genes presiding over the spatial and temporal transitions in cell growth and differentiation (e.g., genes expressing transcription factors). Taking into consideration mapping accuracy, the putative associations of developmental genes generally coincide with the location of homeotic genes mapped with cDNA probes. The majority of over 800 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant architecture, growth and development in vivo and in vitro, the grain yield as the integer of growth, and ABA accumulation and effects, also map within these clusters. Several physiologically different quantitative traits of plant development and yield are often mapped by one and the same molecular probe. The clusters are redundant, apparently due to several duplication events in the course of maize evolution. We presume that these clusters are the functional units of genes expressed in concert to contribute toward regulating plant development and, apparently, some of the plant responses to abiotic stress. The major QTLs for plant height, earliness and grain yield are visible manifestations of the developmental clusters. The evolutionary and cytogenetic evidence seems to support the adaptive significance of functional gene networks for development. The physiological advantage of the close association of functionally related genes in the clusters may rely on compartmentation and tunneling of signal molecules, which helps to cooperatively recruit the transcription factors into multicomponent regulatory modules of high specificity. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. INST AGR BIOTECHNOL,MOSCOW 127550,RUSSIA. NR 62 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 95 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s001220050569 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XV268 UT WOS:A1997XV26800005 ER PT J AU Achenbach, LA Patrick, JA Gray, LE AF Achenbach, LA Patrick, JA Gray, LE TI Genetic homogeneity among isolates of Fusarium solani that cause soybean sudden death syndrome SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ribosomal DNA; RAPD; Fusarium solani; genetic variation; fungi ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMORPHIC DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli is the etiological agent of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). This form species includes both members that cause SDS and those that do not. Despite the extensive use of SDS isolates in soybean plant breeding studies, no information regarding genetic relatedness of isolates is available. Sequencing of the D2 region of the large-subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA of 19 isolates of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, both SDS and non-SDS isolates, resulted in identical sequences and thus indicated a very low level of genetic variation within the form species. Sequencing of the ITS region resulted in low-level intraindividual as well as intra-specific variation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for a genome-wide estimate of genetic variation and was able to resolve only two amplitypes of the SDS isolates. Thus, SDS isolates from throughout the U.S. comprise an almost clonal population with an extremely low level of genetic variation among individuals. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Achenbach, LA (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 95 IS 3 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s001220050585 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XV268 UT WOS:A1997XV26800021 ER PT J AU Margolis, HA Ryan, MG AF Margolis, HA Ryan, MG TI A physiological basis for biosphere-atmosphere interactions in the boreal forest: an overview SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; climate change; ecosystem productivity; energy flux; flux of trace gases; scaling; transpiration; water flux ID FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EASTERN SIBERIA; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; CO2; ECOSYSTEM; REFLECTANCE; EXCHANGE; MODELS; RADIATION AB Interdisciplinary field experiments for global change research are large, intensive efforts that study the controls on fluxes of carbon, water, trace gases, and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at a range of spatial scales. Forest ecophysiology can make significant contributions to such efforts by measuring, interpreting, and modeling these fluxes for the individual components of forest ecosystems and then integrating the results into holistic ecosystem process models. The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) was undertaken because of the importance of the boreal forest biome to various global change issues. The study was conducted from 1993 to 1996 at sites in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Results have shown that physiological processes of plants in the boreal forest can have large-scale consequences. For example, the composition of tree species strongly influences flux rates, with deciduous species having much higher carbon and water fluxes than coniferous species. Additionally, physiological limitations to transpiration in boreal conifers, even when soil water is abundant, reduces latent heat flux and increases sensible heat flux over large regions. This physiological control of transpiration can increase the depth of the atmospheric boundary layer on warm spring days to a level similar to that found in desert biomes. This special issue features 10 articles that address various aspects of the physiological basis of biosphere-atmosphere interactions in the boreal forest. The articles emphasize the environmental controls on water flux, carbon flux, and ecosystem productivity. C1 NASA,BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT RES STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP Margolis, HA (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,FAC FORESTERIE & GEOMAT,CTR RECH BIOL FORESTIERE,ST FOY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 60 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 17 IS 8-9 BP 491 EP 499 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YK381 UT WOS:A1997YK38100001 ER PT J AU Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG AF Lavigne, MB Ryan, MG TI Growth and maintenance respiration rates of aspen, black spruce and jack pine stems at northern and southern BOREAS sites SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autotrophic respiration; carbon cycle; climate warming; ecosystem process models; growth respiration coefficient; Picea mariana; Pinus banksiana; Populus tremuloides; sapwood relative growth rate; sapwood volume; stand-specific respiratory parameters ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WOODY-TISSUE AB We measured stem respiration rates during and after the 1994 growing season of three common boreal tree species at sites near the northern and southern boundaries of the closed-canopy boreal forest in central Canada. The growth respiration coefficient (r(g); carbon efflux per mu mole of carbon incorporated in structural matter) varied between 0.25 and 0.76, and was greatest for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), least for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and intermediate for trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). There was a consistent trend for higher r(g) at northern sites than at southern sites. Maintenance respiration rates at 15 degrees C (r(m)) varied from 0.5 to 2.7 nmol C mol(-1) C-sapwood s(-1). Values of r(m) were high at sapling-stage jack pine sites and mature black spruce sites, and low at mature trembling aspen and mature jack pine sites. We found significant relationships between annual maintenance respiration and sapwood relative growth rate and sapwood volume per unit of stem surface area that explained much of the within-stand and between-stand variability. Because of the large differences in parameter values among sites, we conclude that the use of stand-specific respiratory parameters may improve model predictions of ecosystem process models over the use of generic parameter values. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT RES STN,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP Lavigne, MB (reprint author), NAT RESOURCES CANADA,ATLANTIC FORESTRY CTR,CANADIAN FOREST SERV,FREDERICTON,NB E3B 5P7,CANADA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 30 TC 114 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 21 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 17 IS 8-9 BP 543 EP 551 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YK381 UT WOS:A1997YK38100006 ER PT J AU Vasil, IK Anderson, OD AF Vasil, IK Anderson, OD TI Genetic engineering of wheat gluten SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FERTILE TRANSGENIC WHEAT; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; STORAGE PROTEINS; RAPID PRODUCTION; BAKING QUALITY; SUBUNITS; PLANTS; LINES AB Wheat is the number one food crop in the world based on area under cultivation and total production. The popularity of wheat is based on diverse uses, resistance to many pathogens and pests, low cost of production, rapid growth, genetic flexibility and adaptability to different climates. The unique breadmaking quality is related to the type and quantity of gluten proteins, especially the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits that are synthesized and stored in the seed endosperm. Recent advances in genetic transformation of wheat, including the integration and expression of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes, now make it possible to engineer the gluten proteins in order to improve breadmaking qualities. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Vasil, IK (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,LAB PLANT CELL & MOL BIOL,1143 FIFIELD HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Vasil, Indra/F-6192-2011 OI Vasil, Indra/0000-0002-8900-4897 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 2 IS 8 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(97)89950-5 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XM266 UT WOS:A1997XM26600005 ER PT J AU Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC AF Canals, A Zarlenga, DS Almeria, S Gasbarre, LC TI Cytokine profile induced by a primary infection with Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostertagia ostertagi; immunity; bovine; cytokines ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GAMMA MESSENGER-RNA; T-CELL SUBSETS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LYMPH-NODES; IFN-GAMMA; IMMUNITY; COOPERIA; CALVES AB Changes that occur in the local draining lymph nodes including, changes in cell surface markers and cytokine gene expression were studied over the first 4 weeks of a primary, Ostertagia ostertagi infection of the abomasum. Cells recovered from the abomasal lymph nodes (ABLN) after infection showed a decrease in the percentage of CD3(+) cells, and an increase in the percentage of IgM(+) cells and cells bearing the TcR1 marker. These changes were coincident with an increase in the proportion of activated cells (Il-2R). Analysis of mitogen-stimulated ABLN cells by RNase protection assay (RPA) showed a dramatic reduction in IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcription after infection. In addition, analysis of unstimulated ABLN cells by competitive RT-PCR showed a similar decrease in demonstrable levels of IL-2 mRNA, but IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were elevated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Canals, A (reprint author), ARS,USDA,LPSI,IMMUNOL DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BLDG 1180,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(96)05775-3 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA XZ910 UT WOS:A1997XZ91000006 PM 9343340 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Validation of the specificity of the modified agglutination test for toxoplasmosis in pigs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxoplasmosis; pigs; viruses; helminths; Toxoplasma gondii; Sarcocystis miescheriana ID GONDII INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; SOWS AB Serum samples from Toxoplasma gondii-negative pigs infected with protozoa, helminths and viruses, and from fetal pigs were examined for cross reacting antibodies to T. gondii by the use of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Nonspecific reactions with T. gondii antigen were not found in 1:10 dilutions of sera from eight pigs experimentally infected with Sarcocystis miescheriana, 11 pigs infected with Ascaris suum, three pigs infected with Trichuris suis, ten pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis, nine pigs infected with various porcine viruses, six gnotobiotic pigs, and 82 fetal pigs. Antibodies were also not found in 1:25 dilution of sera from 200 naturally aborted fetal pigs. Thus, evidence for cross reactivity to T. gondii with unrelated or related organisms using the MAT was not found. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00016-2 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA XV854 UT WOS:A1997XV85400008 PM 9299699 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR AF Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR TI Comparison of the complete genomic sequence of the border disease virus, BD31, to other pestiviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE border disease virus; pestivirus; genotypes; genomic sequence ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INSERTIONS; PROTEIN; STRAINS; REGION; BVDV AB The genus Pestivirus is composed of hog cholera virus (HCV) [also known as classical swine fever virus (CSFV)], bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and border disease virus (BDV). Complete sequences have been published for HCV (or CSFV) and the two genotypes of BVDV (BVDV1 and BVDV2). In this study the complete sequence of the border disease virus (BDV), BD31, was determined. BD31 was isolated from a lamb with hairy shaker syndrome and is the BDV type virus offered by ATCC (ATCC VR-996). The genome was 12268 nucleotides long and had a single large open reading frame (ORF) beginning at nucleotide 357 and ending at nucleotide 12045. The sequence identity of the predicted amino acid sequence of BD31 and other published pestivirus sequences varied from 71% to 78%. Phylogenetic analysis of available complete genomic sequences segregated pestiviruses into two branches. One branch contained BD31 and HCV (or CSFV) isolates while the other branch contained BVDV1 and BVDV2 isolates. Pestiviruses from the same branch were similar in the length of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR). When complete genomic sequences were compared among BD31, HCV (or CSFV), BVDV1 and BVDV2, the highest sequence identity was observed in the 5' UTR. Within the ORF, the highest sequence identity was observed in the genomic region coding for the nonstructural viral polypeptide p80. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00064-6 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA XR949 UT WOS:A1997XR94900013 PM 9282788 ER PT J AU Abbaspour, KC vanGenuchten, MT Schulin, R Schlappi, E AF Abbaspour, KC vanGenuchten, MT Schulin, R Schlappi, E TI A sequential uncertainty domain inverse procedure for estimating subsurface flow and transport parameters SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; PRIOR INFORMATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNSATURATED FLOW; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; STEADY-STATE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSIENT; DRAINAGE; AQUIFER AB A parameter estimation procedure, sequential uncertainty domain parameter fitting (SUFI), is presented and has the following characteristics. The procedure is sequential in nature, meaning that one more iteration can always be made before choosing the final estimates. The procedure has a Bayesian framework, indicating that the method operates within uncertainty domains (prior, posterior) associated with each parameter. The procedure is a fitting procedure, conditioning the unknown parameter estimates on an array of observed values. Finally, the procedure is iterative, requiring a stopping rule which is provided by a critical value of a goal function. Performance of the SUFI parameter estimation procedure is demonstrated using three examples of increasing complexity: (1) analysis of a solute breakthrough curve measured in the laboratory during steady state water flow, (2) estimation of the unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters from a transient drainage experiment carried out in a 6-m deep lysimeter, and (3) estimation of selected flow and transport parameters from a hypothetical ring infiltrometer experiment. The procedure was found to be general, stable, and always convergent. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. COLUMBI SCHMUTZ DORTHE AG,CH-3007 BERN,SWITZERLAND. RP Abbaspour, KC (reprint author), SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,DEPT SOIL PROTECT,GRABENSTR 3,CH-8952 SCHLIEREN,SWITZERLAND. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 39 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1879 EP 1892 DI 10.1029/97WR01230 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA XP366 UT WOS:A1997XP36600012 ER PT J AU Ahmad, H Valdez, F Tobola, AM Izaguirre, N Gonzalez, J Reyes, C Tanguma, R Spurgeon, DW AF Ahmad, H Valdez, F Tobola, AM Izaguirre, N Gonzalez, J Reyes, C Tanguma, R Spurgeon, DW TI Catalytic and structural properties of glutathione S-transferase from cotton boll weevil SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX USA. USDA ARS, CIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 956 BP A1021 EP A1021 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601440 ER PT J AU Baker, VB Dinesh-Kumar, SP Whitham, S AF Baker, VB Dinesh-Kumar, SP Whitham, S TI Molecular characterization of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance gene SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, PGEC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 65 BP A868 EP A868 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600551 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B AF Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B TI A simplified method for direct application of multiplex PCR for detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in various foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERRC, USDA, ARS, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 514 BP A944 EP A944 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601001 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA TI Molecular modeling of fumonisins and Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxin to assess toxicity. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 2422 BP A1271 EP A1271 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602911 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, K Montalbano, B Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Ehrlich, K Montalbano, B Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Site-directed mutagenesis of the aflatoxin pathway biosynthesis regulatory gene, aflR SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 473 BP A938 EP A938 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600960 ER PT J AU Hefner, J Rubenstein, SM Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Williams, RM Croteau, R AF Hefner, J Rubenstein, SM Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Williams, RM Croteau, R TI Cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5 alpha-ol: The first oxygenation step in taxol biosynthesis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA P238 BP A812 EP A812 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305600241 ER PT J AU Matthews, BF Gebhardt, JS AF Matthews, BF Gebhardt, JS TI Isoforms of the bifunctional enzyme aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase in soybean SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 704 BP A977 EP A977 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601193 ER PT J AU Zahnley, JC Smith, MR AF Zahnley, JC Smith, MR TI Glycosyltransferase profiles of representative strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 3295 BP A1420 EP A1420 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305603784 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Joseph, JA Roth, GS AF Zhang, L Joseph, JA Roth, GS TI Effect of aging on vulnerability of striatal D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor-containing neurons to kainic acid SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aging; D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors; kainic acid ID BRAIN; RATS AB Kainic acid lesions elicit reductions in ligand binding to both D-1 and D-2 striata dopamine receptors in young and old rats. Relative reductions are greatest for both receptors in young animals than old. In addition, D-1 receptor binding is reduced more than D-2 at both ages. These findings support the idea that those dopamine receptor neurons lost during aging may reside in a kainic acid sensitive population. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIA,MOL PHYSIOL & GENET SECT,CELLULAR & MOL BIOL LAB,GERONTOL RES CTR,NIH,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,FAC MED,DEPT ANAT,SHATIN,NT,HONG KONG. TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS NHRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 763 IS 2 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00485-X PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XT038 UT WOS:A1997XT03800015 PM 9296569 ER PT J AU Veldkamp, E Keller, M AF Veldkamp, E Keller, M TI Nitrogen oxide emissions from a banana plantation in the humid tropics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST SOILS; NITRIC-OXIDE; TRACE GASES; PASTURE; N2O; MODEL AB Use of nitrogen fertilizer is thought to contribute significantly to the increase of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO). While the current increase of fertilizer use is concentrated in tropical areas, nearly all studies of nitrogen oxide emissions have been conducted in agricultural systems in temperate areas. We measured N2O and NO fluxes from a fertilized banana plantation in the humid tropics of Costa Rica, where 360 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) is applied. Using chamber techniques, we sampled an Andisol and an Inceptisol on a monthly basis. Twice on each soil type, we sampled intensively in time following fertilizer applications. There is a strong spatial and temporal dependence of nitrogen oxide emissions on place and time of fertilizer application. We fmd greater mean N2O and NO emissions from the Andisol (31.4 ng N2O-N cm(-2) h(-1) and 55.6 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)) than from the Inceptisol (9.3 ng N2O-N cm(-2) h(-1) and 41.1 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)) under the plants where fertilizer is typically applied. The percentages of applied fertilizer-N that are converted into nitrogen oxide (''yield'') are between 1.26 and 2.91% for N2O and between 5.09 and 5.66% for NO depending on soil type. We consistently calculate higher nitrogen oxide yields based on intensive sampling versus monthly sampling. Temporal variation in nitrogen oxide emissions probably causes monthly sampling to underestimate mean annual fluxes. Our results suggest that in some tropical systems a higher percentage of applied nitrogen may be lost in gaseous form than in temperate agriculture. Current global estimates of N2O and NO sources from tropical agriculture are based on information from temperate areas and may cause an underestimate of the contribution of tropical agriculture to the budgets of these trace gases. C1 US FOREST SERV, INST TROP FORESTRY, USDA, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA. RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 34 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D13 BP 15889 EP 15898 DI 10.1029/97JD00767 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XM347 UT WOS:A1997XM34700004 ER PT J AU Maxwell, WMC Johnson, LA AF Maxwell, WMC Johnson, LA TI Membrane status of boar spermatozoa after cooling or cryopreservation SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boar spermatozoa; flow cytometry; cryopreservation; cooling; viability; membrane status ID ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SPERM; VIABILITY; SEMEN AB This study tested the hypothesis that sperm membrane changes during cooling contribute substantially to the membrane damage observed after cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa. Flow cytometry was used to assess viability (percentages of live and dead cells) of boar sperm cells after staining with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) and acrosome status after staining with FITC-pisum sativum agglutenin and PI. Incubation (38 degrees C, 4 h), cooling (to 15 or 5 degrees C) and freezing reduced the proportion of live spermatozoa compared with those in fresh semen. There were more membrane changes in spermatozoa cooled to 5 degrees C than to 15 degrees C. The proportion of live spermatozoa decreased during processing for cryopreservation and cooling to 5 degrees C, but was unaffected by freezing and thawing if held at 15 degrees C for 3.5 h during cooling. Spermatozoa not held during cooling exhibited further loss of viability after freezing and thawing. Holding the spermatozoa also increased the proportion of acrosome-intact spermatozoa at both 15 degrees C and 5 degrees C and at thawing compared with that of the unheld controls. The results of this study sugget that a substantial proportion of the membrane changes associated with cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa may be attributed to the cooling of the cells to 5 degrees C rather than to the freezing and thawing process, and that sperm membrane changes are reduced when semen is held at 15 degrees C during cooling. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Maxwell, WMC (reprint author), UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT ANIM SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)84068-X PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA XJ087 UT WOS:A1997XJ08700004 PM 16728120 ER PT J AU Elich, TD Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Elich, TD Edelman, M Mattoo, AK TI Evidence for light-dependent and light-independent protein dephosphorylation in chloroplasts SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chloroplast phosphatase; kinase inhibitor; LHCII kinase; photoregulation; photosynthesis; duckweed; Spirodela oligorrhiza ID PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; DEGRADATION AB A number of photosystem II (PSII) associated proteins, including core proteins D1, D2 and CP43, and several proteins of the LHCII complex, are phosphorylated by a thylakoid-bound, redox-regulated kinase(s), We demonstrate here that the compound propyl gallate is an effective inhibitor of LHCII phosphorylation in vivo while having little effect on PSII core protein phosphorylation. Using this inhibitor, we demonstrate that LHCII dephosphorylation is insensitive to light in vivo, Taken together with our previous conclusion (Elich et al., EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4857-4862) that PSII core protein dephosphorylation is light-stimulated, our data suggest the presence of multiple phosphatases responsible for thylakoid protein dephosphorylation in vivo. (C) 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOL BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PLANT GENET, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 1997 VL 411 IS 2-3 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00698-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA XN024 UT WOS:A1997XN02400017 PM 9271212 ER PT J AU Ralph, J MacKay, JJ Hatfield, RD OMalley, DM Whetten, RW Sederoff, RR AF Ralph, J MacKay, JJ Hatfield, RD OMalley, DM Whetten, RW Sederoff, RR TI Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANT; COMPRESSION WOOD; BM3 MUTATION; CROSS-LINKS; MAIZE; CONIFERYL; GRASSES; GENE; NMR AB Novel lignin is formed in a mutant loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) severely depleted in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.195), which converts coniferaldehyde to coniferyl alcohol, the primary lignin precursor in pines. Dihydrocbniferyl alcohol, a monomer not normally associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway, is the major component of the mutant's lignin, accounting for similar to 30 percent (versus similar to 3 percent in normal pine) of the units. The level of aldehydes, including new 2-methoxybenzaldehydes, is also increased. The mutant pines grew normally indicating that, even within a species, extensive variations in lignin composition need not disrupt the essential functions of lignin. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT GENET, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Whetten, Ross/A-9734-2013; MacKay, John/M-6978-2014 OI MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45344-07] NR 50 TC 203 Z9 215 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5323 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1126/science.277.5323.235 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XK418 UT WOS:A1997XK41800044 PM 9211851 ER PT J AU Steynberg, PJ Steynberg, JP Brandt, EV Ferreira, D Hemingway, RW AF Steynberg, PJ Steynberg, JP Brandt, EV Ferreira, D Hemingway, RW TI Oligomeric flavanoids .26. Structure and synthesis of the first profisetinidins with epifisetinidol constituent units SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED TANNINS; BARK EXTRACT; A-RING; C-RING; PROANTHOCYANIDIN AB The natural occurrence of the first oligomeric profisetinidins with (2R,3R)-2,3-cis-epifisetinidol chain extender units is demonstrated in the bark of Pithecellobium dulce (Guamuchil). Semi-synthesis using the appropriate flavan-3-ol and flavan-1,4-diol precursors permits unequivocal structural and stereochemical assignment of the novel dimeric epifisetinidol-(4 beta,8)-catechin and epicatechins 16 and 18, the trimeric bis-epifisetinidol-(4 beta,6:4 beta,8)-catechin and epicatechins 33 and 35, the fisetinidol-(4 alpha, 8)-catechin-(6,4 beta)-epifisetinidol 37 and fisetinidol-(4 alpha,8)-epicatechin-(6,4 beta)-epifisetindiol 39. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,ZA-9300 BLOEMFONTEIN,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0300-922X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD JUL 7 PY 1997 IS 13 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1039/a701334e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XL558 UT WOS:A1997XL55800008 ER PT J AU Larson, EM OBrien, CM Zhu, GH Spreitzer, RJ Portis, AR AF Larson, EM OBrien, CM Zhu, GH Spreitzer, RJ Portis, AR TI Specificity for activase is changed by a Pro-89 to Arg substitution in the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CHLAMYDOMONAS CHLOROPLAST GENE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; XYLULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; CO2/O-2 SPECIFICITY; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REINHARDTII AB Tobacco activase does not markedly facilitate the activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) from non-Solanaceae species, including the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, To examine the basis of this specificity, we focused on two exposed residues in the large subunit of Rubisco that are unique to the Solanaceae proteins, By employing in vitro mutagenesis and chloroplast transformation, P89R and K356Q substitutions were separately made in the Chlamydomonas enzyme to change these residues to those present in tobacco. Both mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type when grown with minimal medium in the light and contained wild-type levels of holoenzyme. Purified Rubisco was assessed for facilitated activation by spinach and tobacco activase, Both wild-type and K356Q Rubisco were similar in that spinach activase was much more effective than tobacco activase, In contrast, P89R Rubisco was not activated by spinach activase but was well activated by tobacco activase, Thus, the relative specificities of the spinach and tobacco activases for Chlamydomonas Rubisco were switched by changing a single residue at position 89, This result provides evidence for a site on the Rubisco holoenzyme that interacts directly with Rubisco activase. C1 AGR RES SERV,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,USDA,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOCHEM,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 27 BP 17033 EP 17037 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.27.17033 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XH446 UT WOS:A1997XH44600050 PM 9202018 ER PT J AU Ferretti, A Flanagan, VP AF Ferretti, A Flanagan, VP TI Isolation and measurement of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE prostaglandins; 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha ID RADICAL-CATALYZED MECHANISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; NONCYCLOOXYGENASE; PROSTAGLANDIN; F-2-ISOPROSTANES; HYDROXYLATION; PROSTANOIDS; INVIVO; HUMANS AB 8-iso-Prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)) is a product of free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Measurement of its urinary excretion has been proposed as an index of oxidative status in vivo. A stable isotope dilution method for its quantification by gas chromatography-electron capture chemical ionization mass spectrometry is described. Sample cleanup required the combined use of high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The inter-assay R.S.D. in two separate determinations was 1.6 (n=4) and 2.3% (n=4). The accuracy of the assay was evaluated through recovery experiments. The equation of the regression plot correlating the amounts added and recovered was y=0.91x-0.31, r=0.9916 (n=12). The pair of fragment ions ([M-181](-)) at m/z 569 and m/z 573 was monitored for quantification. The mean 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) excretion rate was 528+/-127 (S.D.) ng per day in five male volunteers and 730+/-305 ng per day in six females. Intake of 80 mg of lycopene per day by eleven volunteers for four weeks resulted in anon-significant reduction of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) excretion. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Ferretti, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 694 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00142-4 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XL732 UT WOS:A1997XL73200002 PM 9252040 ER PT J AU Vick, CB AF Vick, CB TI More durable epoxy bonds to wood with hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent SO ADHESIVES AGE LA English DT Article ID DURABILITY RP Vick, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERTEC PUBL CORP PI ATLANTA PA 6151 POWERS FERRY RD, NW, ATLANTA, GA 30339 SN 0001-821X J9 ADHES AGE JI Adhes. Age PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 8 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XM622 UT WOS:A1997XM62200005 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH AF Sauer, TJ Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH TI Over-winter changes in radiant energy exchange of a corn residue-covered surface SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE over-winter changes; radiant energy exchange; corn residue ID SOLAR-RADIATION; CROP RESIDUES; SOIL; REFLECTANCES; WHEAT; BALANCE; BARE AB Crop residues on the soil surface absorb solar radiation and have reflectivity properties that may differ significantly from the underlying soil. The objective of this study was to measure the temporal variation in solar radiation reflectivity and transmissivity of a corn (Zea mays L.) residue layer under field conditions. Incident and reflected solar and visible radiation were measured in a field with standing corn stubble and corn residue prostrate on the soil surface. Transmitted solar and visible radiation were measured with line sensors placed beneath the prostrate residue, Measurements were made during snow-free periods from October 1994 to April 1995. Mean reflectivity decreased from 0.20 +/- 0.02, 0.12 +/- 0.02, and 0.27 +/- 0.03 for the solar, visible, and near-infrared wavebands during the fall, to 0.17 +/- 0.01, 0.11 +/- 0.01, and 0.22 +/- 0.02 during the spring measurement period, respectively. Transmissivity of solar and visible radiation through the corn residue layers was directly proportional to residue area index. Extinction coefficients for solar and visible radiation ranged from 0.79 to 0.96 and were higher in the fall for both wavebands. Diurnal patterns of reflectivity and transmissivity showed a sensitivity to the proportion of beam vs. diffuse radiation and wetness of the residue. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,USDA,MIDWEST AREA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02386-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XK142 UT WOS:A1997XK14200013 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Schroll, RE AF Sadler, EJ Schroll, RE TI An empirical model of diurnal temperature patterns SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Air temperature is a keg driving factor in many crop growth models. Hourly air temperature data required fbr input are often not available and must be estimated from daily extremes. Several methods to model diurnal patterns exist; all are arbitrary functions of time during the day, chosen to match the daily pattern, Of all possible mathematical shapes, it would be preferable to use the one generated by the data themselves, Thus, our objective was to develop an empirical model to reconstruct the diurnal air temperature curve from measured daily extremes. As usual, temperature was normalized to range from 0 to 1 at the daily extremes. However, we also normalized time, to reduce seasonal variation in the shape of the temperature pattern. Calibration consisted of developing the cumulative distribution function of normalized temperature for a year's data, fitting a beta distribution to the date, and evaluating the 50th percentile, all as a function of time, The resulting vectors of normalized time and air temperature were used Ca generate diurnal patterns from daily extremes, The model was calibrated with one year's data for each of 14 sites across the USA, and rested for additional years al each site. for file total 32 site-years, annual mean r(2) ranged from 0.47 to 0.87, with values highest for Arizona sites, intermediate for South Carolina, and lowest for mountainous Idaho sites, Model performance was better than or equal to that of the next best model in 16 of 32 site-years, and also overall, Normalization of both time and temperature produced diurnal air temperature patterns that were sufficiently general to apply with minimal Boss of predictive accuracy at widely separate sites in the USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 542 EP 548 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400002 ER PT J AU Sharpe, RR Harper, LA AF Sharpe, RR Harper, LA TI Apparent atmospheric nitrogen loss from hydroponically grown corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; IRRIGATED CORN; SOIL; WHEAT; PLANT; TRANSPORT; LEAVES; CROP; DEPOSITION AB Isotopic N-15 tracers have been important tools in the understanding of N cycling in agricultural and natural soil-plant systems. The objectives of this research were to quantify losses of N-15 under controlled conditions, evaluate (NH3)-N-15 transport between plants, and assess the potential for error associated with the use of N isotopes, Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown hydroponically in 5- to 15-mm-diam. gravel in twelve 162-L barrels. All N was applied as NO3 with enrichment periods of full season, planting through anthesis, anthesis to harvest, or no N-15 applied. Plant growth and total N accumulation followed normal growth curves and maximum N content was obtained at synthesis. When N-15 treatments stopped at anthesis, plants lust N-15 (presumably as (NH3)-N-15) equivalent to about 23% of total plant N between anthesis and harvest. In treatments in which N-15 applications started at anthesis, total N content in the leaves and stems decreased between anthesis and harvest while N-15 content increased indicating a substitution of recently absorbed N for N compounds translocated to the fruit. Volatile losses of N indicate that caution must be exercised when conducting and interpreting N-15 experiments. Significant plant-to-plant transport of (NH3)-N-15 showed that decreases in plant N-15 content could not be used to estimate NH3 volatilization for an entire field. RP Sharpe, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,1420 EXPT STN RD,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 605 EP 609 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400011 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JG Porter, LK Duke, HR Ahuja, LR AF Benjamin, JG Porter, LK Duke, HR Ahuja, LR TI Corn growth and nitrogen uptake with furrow irrigation and fertilizer bands SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRATE AB Furrow irrigation is commonly used to provide supplemental water to row crops, Alternate-furrow irrigation has been proposed as a method to decrease deep percolation water losses as well as the Leaching of fertilizer and pesticides, A study was conducted on a Ulm clay loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Ustic Haplargids) in 1994 and 1995 near Fort Collins, CO. Corn (Zea mays L.) growth and N uptake were measured under alternate-furrow and every-furrow irrigation water applications, each with fertilizer bands placed either in the row or in the furrow, Nitrogen-ls'-deplete (NH4)(2)SO4 fertilizer was used to distinguish plant uptake of fertilizer N from uptake of naturally occurring N. There were no differences in plant response to alternate-furrow or every-furrow irrigation water placement for the same amount of water applied, Greater fertilizer-N uptake occurred with row placement than with furrow placement of N fertilizer. Early in the growing season, fertilizer-N uptake from row placement was from 2 to 10 times the fertilizer-N uptake from furrow placement, By the end of the growing season, the average total-N uptake from row placement was 12% greater than for furrow placement, Placing the fertilizer in the nonirrigated furrow of the alternate-furrow irrigation treatment decreased N availability by 20% compared with the average of the other treatments, If alternate-furrow irrigation is used tu increase water use efficiency in furrow-irrigated fields, placing the N fertilizer in the nonirrigated furrow of the alternate-furrow irrigation system could decrease N availability because of drier soil conditions in the nonirrigated furrow, Row placement of N fertilizer seems to be beneficial in both alternate-furrow and every-furrow irrigation applications. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,AGR ENGN RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Benjamin, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES UNIT,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 609 EP 612 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400012 ER PT J AU Hoogenboom, G White, JW AcostaGallegos, J Gaudiel, RG Myers, JR Silbernagel, MJ AF Hoogenboom, G White, JW AcostaGallegos, J Gaudiel, RG Myers, JR Silbernagel, MJ TI Evaluation of a crop simulation model that incorporates gene action SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; DRY BEAN MODEL; PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE; SEED SIZE; ROOT-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; YIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS AB Crop simulation models are receiving increasing use in agricultural research, However, applications to plant breeding have been limited, in part due to the restricted capabilities of models to represent genetic differences, A gene-based simulation model, GeneGro, has been developed that integrates action of seven genes into a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) model, The genes for physiological traits identified in the model include Ppd, Hr, Fin, Fd, Ssz-1, Ssz-2, and Ssz-3, Evaluation of GeneGro was performed by comparison of measured field data vs, simulated data, and through a sensitivity analysis of the model, The experimental data set for model comparison was comprised of 14 field trials conducted in Canada, the USA, Mexico, and Colombia, representing 213 treatment combinations and including 39 cultivars, GeneCro explained 75% of variation in days to Bower, 68% in days to maturity, and 39% in seed mass, but only 11% of variation in seed yield, Most of the variation in simulated seed yield was accounted for by the model when mean effects of site and cultivars were removed through regression analysis. This suggests that the poor simulation of seed yield was partially due to errors in simulating differences among sites rather than from simulating the response of genotypes to sites, Seed yield simulations were made for 96 genotypes that represented all expected phenotypic combinations of the seven genes included in the model, Simulations were conducted using historical weather data from Fargo, ND; Madero, Mexico; and Palmira, Colombia, GeneGro predicted that photoperiod sensitivity, conferred by Ppd and Hr, would result in zero seed yields at Fargo, a slight seed yield increase at Madero, and no effect at Palmira. Testing effects of maturity on seed yield, the genotypes fin and Fd resulted in lower seed yields due to shorter growth cycles, in agreement with field trials. The predicted effects of the three genes related to seed size varied among the sites. These results support the use of genetic information to represent cultivar differences in simulation models, They also, emphasize the need for a better understanding of the physiological genetics of traits such as phenology, seed size, and growth habit. C1 CIMMYT,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. INIFAP,MEXICO CITY 56230,DF,MEXICO. ALBERTA SPECIAL CROPS & HORT CTR,BROOKS,AB T1R 1E6,CANADA. UNIV IDAHO,KIMBERLY RES & EXT CTR,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP Hoogenboom, G (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA STN,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010 OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 613 EP 620 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400013 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, GE Mayland, HF Hansen, SB AF Shewmaker, GE Mayland, HF Hansen, SB TI Cattle grazing preference among eight endophyte-free tall fescue cultivars SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; SHEEP AB 'HiMag' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb,) was selected for high Mg concentration to reduce grass tetany risk to ruminants, but neither animal preference nor consumption of HiMag were known, The objectives were to evaluate methods of quantifying perference and to determine intake and preference by cattle (Bos taurus L.) of HiMag relative to seven other tall fescues, AU entries were free of a fungal endophyte [Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan Jones & Gams) Glen, Bacon & Hanlin] that reduces cattle performance, The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications of eight cultivars nested within each of three test pastures, Six heifers grazed the vegetative to boot-stage pastures for 48 h in May, June, August, and September of 1993 and 1994, The pastures, located at 1200 m elevation, were furrow irrigated, Pre-and postgrazed forage were clipped and weighed to determine yield and utilization (48-h utilization < 50%), Preference scoring of 0 to 10 (0 to 100% of forage eaten) was done by four trained observers at 24, 30, and 48 h, The heifers quickly learned to distinguish between cultivars, and their order of preference was Kenhy > KY 31 > HiMag = Barcel = C1 = Stargrazer > MO96 = Mozark. The cultivar x trial(year) interaction for preference indicated that cultivars responded differently to weather conditions, which in turn affected animal preference. Preference scoring had high repeatability and ranked cultivars similarly to the clip-and-weigh method of measuring utilization, Preference scoring was accomplished with 27% of the experimental error and only 6% of the time required for clip-and-weigh. Only 44% of the variation in preference score (PS) was explained by the model: PS = 8.8 - 1.1 (Mg DM yield ha(-1)), Estimated dry matter (DM) intake of HiMag was 6.4 kg (animal unit day)(-1). Consumption and preference of HiMag by cattle are satisfactory relative to other tall fescue cultivars. RP Shewmaker, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400025 ER PT J AU Brejda, JJ Brown, JR Lorenz, TE Henry, J Lowry, SR AF Brejda, JJ Brown, JR Lorenz, TE Henry, J Lowry, SR TI Variation in eastern gamagrass forage yield with environments, harvests, and nitrogen rates SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZATION; INDIANGRASS; SWITCHGRASS; BLUESTEM; QUALITY; BIOMASS; SOIL AB Environmental variation, and the interaction of environment with management practices, can significantly affect perennial forage yields, The objective of this research was to evaluate the importance of environmental main effects and the interaction between environments, N rates, and harvests on eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] forage yields, Established eastern gamagrass stands were fertilized with 0, 168, or 336 kg N ha(-1), and harvested three Limes during the growing season fur three consecutive years at two locations in northern Missouri. Year and the year X location interaction were significant environmental sources of variation affecting forage yields, The year main effect had tie larger variance component and accounted for 9% of the total variation in forage yields. The harvest main effect and Scar X harvest: interaction had the largest variance components, and together accounted Toe more than 67% of the total variation in forage yields. Most of the variation between harvests resulted from differences in first-harvest yields, taken at the reproductive growth stage, compared with regrowth harvest yields which were at vegetative growth stages. Variation in precipitation amounts between harvests significantly influenced regrowth harvest yields, causing a significant year X harvest interaction. Forage yield responses to N rates also varied between gears, causing a significant year X N rate interaction, Location was not an important source of variation in eastern gamagrass forage yield in this study nor was there a significant interaction between N rat es and harvests. Results suggest that supplemental irrigation and longer rest periods between harvests may help improve forage yields and distribution. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT SOIL & ATMOSPHER SCI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ELSBERRY PLANT MAT CTR, NRCS, ELSBERRY, MO 63343 USA. HILLS PET NUTR INC, TOPEKA, KS 66601 USA. RP Brejda, JJ (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, SOIL QUAL INST, 2150 PAMMEL DR, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 702 EP 706 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU064 UT WOS:A1997XU06400026 ER PT J AU Stolarczyk, LM Heyward, VH VanLoan, MD Hicks, VL Wilson, WL Reano, LM AF Stolarczyk, LM Heyward, VH VanLoan, MD Hicks, VL Wilson, WL Reano, LM TI The fatness-specific bioelectrical impedance analysis equations of Segal et al: Are they generalizable and practical? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE American Indians; body composition; ethnicity; Hispanics; whites; obesity; predictive accuracy; women; skinfold-thickness measurements; fatness-specific equations of Segal et al ID LEAN BODY-MASS; NEAR-INFRARED INTERACTANCE; PREDICTIVE ACCURACY; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; CROSS-VALIDATION; FAT; WOMEN; POTASSIUM; VALIDITY; DENSITY AB The fatness-specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations of Segal et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47: 7-14; Segal equations) have been shown to be generalizable across sex, ethnicity, age, and degrees of adiposity. However, these fatness-specific equations require an a priori determination of percentage body fat (%BF) by using a skinfold equation or densitometry to categorize subjects into obese or nonobese groups. These procedures negate the use of BIA as a fast and simple method. It was hypothesized that the average of the Segal nonobese and obese fatness-specific equations (BIA average method) could be used in lieu of the skinfold method for categorizing subjects who are not obviously lean or obese. In phase 1 these three methods were compared for a subsample of 59 women who were not obviously lean or obese. The %BF of 75% of these subjects was accurately estimated within 3.5%BF by using the BIA average method whereas only 71% and 46% were accurately estimated by using the densitometric and skinfold methods, respectively. In phase 2, the predictive accuracy of the Segal fatness-specific equations, used in combination with the BIA average method, was compared with other BIA equations published previously for 602 American Indian, Hispanic, and white women and men. The Segal fatness-specific equations yielded the smallest prediction error (SEE = 2.22 kg for women and 3.59 kg for men) and the %BF of 70% of the subjects was accurately estimated within 3.5%BF compared with 24-59% for other BIA equations. Therefore, we recommend using the Segal fatness-specific and average equations to assess body composition in heterogeneous populations. C1 USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NEW MEXICO HIGHLANDS UNIV,LAS VEGAS,NV. INDIAN HLTH SERV,SANTA FE SERV UNIT,SANTA FE,NM. RP Stolarczyk, LM (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR EXERCISE & APPL HUMAN PHYSIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700003 PM 9209163 ER PT J AU Ross, EM Rosenberg, IH DawsonHughes, B Col, NF Wong, JB AF Ross, EM Rosenberg, IH DawsonHughes, B Col, NF Wong, JB TI Should the ''normal'' 25-hydroxy vitamin D level be increased? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700051 ER PT J AU Spiller, GA Kuypers, FA Bruce, B Roitman, E Klevay, L AF Spiller, GA Kuypers, FA Bruce, B Roitman, E Klevay, L TI Diets high in phytochemicals and fiber decrease plasma cholesterol oxidation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND. SPHERA FDN,LOS ALTOS,CA. CHORI,OAKLAND,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700056 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Fiatarone, M Roubenoff, R Zhuang, H AF Kehayias, JJ Fiatarone, M Roubenoff, R Zhuang, H TI Effect of aging on body cell mass, hydration, quality of lean mass and adiposity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700071 ER PT J AU Grillo, LP Picchi, TR Fernandez, AC Verreschi, ITN Silva, AC Roberts, SB Sawaya, AL AF Grillo, LP Picchi, TR Fernandez, AC Verreschi, ITN Silva, AC Roberts, SB Sawaya, AL TI IGF-I, resting metabolic rate, food intake, body composition, intestinal parasitic infection and socio-economic differences in stunted and nonstunted school girls living in shantytown in Brazil. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FED SAO PAULO,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700080 ER PT J AU Forman, MR Elanza Gruabard, BI Beecher, GR Muesing, R AF Forman, MR Elanza Gruabard, BI Beecher, GR Muesing, R TI Cyclic fluctuations of plasma carotenoid and lipid concentrations with endogenous hormones SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700081 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Johnson, LK Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Klevay, LM Johnson, LK Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Dietary magnesium near the RDA yields less ectopy on holter cardiograms than 100 mg daily. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700082 ER PT J AU Canty, DJ Keim, NL Chan, MM AF Canty, DJ Keim, NL Chan, MM TI The effects of exercise and diet on feelings of hunger and mood in reduced-obese women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU,DEPT NUTR & FOOD STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY. USDA,WHNRC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700113 ER PT J AU Fung, EB Ritchie, LD Woodhouse, LR Roehl, R King, JC AF Fung, EB Ritchie, LD Woodhouse, LR Roehl, R King, JC TI Zinc absorption in women during pregnancy and lactation: A longitudinal study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc absorption; dietary zinc; plasma zinc; breast milk; iron supplementation; pregnancy; lactation; stable isotopes ID FED CONTROLLED DIETS; FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE ISOTOPES; SERUM; MILK; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION; CHILDREN; WEIGHT AB Zinc is essential for normal fetal growth and development and for milk production during lactation. The metabolic adjustments made in zinc utilization to meet these needs have not been described. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractional zinc absorption (FZA) is altered during pregnancy and lactation and, if so, to determine whether the change is related to maternal zinc status, specifically, concentrations of zinc in plasma, erythrocytes, urine, and breast milk and dietary zinc intake. Thirteen women were studied at five time points: once preconception; at 8-10, 24-26, and 34-36 wk gestation; and once while they were lactating 7-9 wk postpartum. Zinc intake increased by 35 mu mol/d (2.3 mg/d) from preconception to 34-36 wk (P = 0.04); it tended to decrease (P > 0.05) during lactation but did not return to the preconception level. The amount of zinc in breast milk averaged 2.0 mg/d at the lactation time point. FZA measured from urinary enrichments of two stable isotopes of zinc increased from 14% preconception to 25% during lactation (P = 0.023) but the increase to 19% at 34-36 wk gestation was not significant. No increase in FZA occurred in four women who took iron supplements during lactation. FZA was negatively correlated with plasma zinc concentration at 34-36 wk gestation and with urinary zinc excretion at all time points. The nearly twofold increase in zinc absorption during lactation was presumably in response to the demand for zinc to synthesize breast milk. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DEPT NUTR SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK41732] NR 51 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700013 PM 9209173 ER PT J AU Keim, NL Ellingwood, I Li, V Grinberg, V Ramsey, M AF Keim, NL Ellingwood, I Li, V Grinberg, V Ramsey, M TI Self-reports of appetite and mood in overweight women on weight-reducing diets with different meal patterns. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,WHNRC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. BIONET CORP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700118 ER PT J AU LopezMiranda, J Jansen, S Ordovas, JM Salas, J Marin, C Castro, P Ostos, MA Cruz, G LopezSegura, F Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F AF LopezMiranda, J Jansen, S Ordovas, JM Salas, J Marin, C Castro, P Ostos, MA Cruz, G LopezSegura, F Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F TI Influence of the SstI polymorphism at the apolipoprotein C-III gene locus on the plasma low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol response to dietary monounsaturated fat SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE low-fat diets; monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets; apolipoprotein C-III; APOC3; low-density lipoproteins; genetic polymorphism; SstI; S1 allele; S2 allele; polymerase chain reaction; DNA amplification; genotyping ID TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; A-IV GENE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; APO-CIII; E PHENOTYPE; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; CLUSTER; LIPASE AB The plasma lipid response to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol can vary between individuals. The SstI poly morphism, arising from a cytosine to guanosine substitution in the 3' untranslated region of the APOC3 gene distinguishes between two alleles CI and S2. The S2 allele has been associated with elevated plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein (ape) C-III concentrations. In 90 young men we examined the effect of the same mutation on the response of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to dietary monounsaturated fat. The frequency for the S2 allele was 0.14. Subjects were fed a low-fat diet for 25 d, followed by a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (22% MUFA, 38% total fat) for 28 d; lipoproteins were measured at the end of each diet. There were no significant differences in initial total cholesterol between subjects with the APOC3*S1/APOC3*S1 (S1/S1) and APOC3*S1/APOC3*S2 (S1/S2) genotypes. After consumption of the diet high in MUFA, significant increases in LDL cholesterol (0.13 mmol/L, P < 0.027) were noted in the S1/S1 subjects whereas a significant decrease was observed in the S1/S2 subjects (-0.18 mmol/L, P < 0.046). Significant genotypic effects were seen for diet-induced changes in LDL cholesterol (P < 0.00034), total cholesterol (P < 0.0091), and apo B (P < 0.0014). A study of the effect of the interaction between this mutation with that present in position -76 of the APOA1 gene promoter region (G/A) revealed that both mutations had an additive effect on changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B induced by diets. Plasma LDL-cholesterol responsiveness to the diet may be explained, at least in part, by variation at the APOC3 gene locus. C1 UNIV CORDOBA,HOSP REINA SOFIA,UNIDAD LIPIDOS & ARTERIOSCLEROSIS,CORDOBA 14004,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700015 PM 9209175 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Heymsfield, SB Kehayias, JJ Cannon, JG Rosenberg, IH AF Roubenoff, R Heymsfield, SB Kehayias, JJ Cannon, JG Rosenberg, IH TI Standardization of nomenclature of body composition in weight loss SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; CELL MASS; MORTALITY; CACHEXIA; WOMEN; MEN C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CLIN NUTR,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,TUPPER RES INST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,OBES RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY. PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,JEAN MAYER USDA HNRCA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45734] NR 36 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XG427 UT WOS:A1997XG42700032 PM 9209192 ER PT J AU Windberg, LA Ebbert, SM Kelly, BT AF Windberg, LA Ebbert, SM Kelly, BT TI Population characteristics of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN TEXAS; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SPACING PATTERNS; PREY ABUNDANCE; KIT FOX; DEMOGRAPHY; COMMUNITY; TELEMETRY; DENSITY; RANGE AB We estimated demographic variables for a coyote (Canis latrans) population in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in spring 1991. Indices of coyote abundance indicated that the population was in a decline phase during 1991. Of 41 coyotes radio-collared on the Jornada Experimental Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico, only 7% were juveniles and a relatively high percentage (40%) were transient (nonterritorial) animals. Size of the core areas of 10 territorial ranges occupied by 13 coyotes averaged 5.6 km(2). None of 11 radio-collared females produced viable fetuses in 1991. We examined data from earlier studies to assess factors affecting population dynamics in the region. Autumn scent-station indices of coyote abundance were positively correlated with annual rainfall (July to June) during 1972-1981. Low recruitment in the population during 1991 may have resulted from the combined effect of relatively low rainfall and high coyote abundance in the preceding 2-3 yr. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.2307/2426666 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR338 UT WOS:A1997XR33800018 ER PT J AU Squires, JR Anderson, SH AF Squires, JR Anderson, SH TI Changes in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) activities from winter to spring in the greater Yellowstone area SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CANADA GEESE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR AB Trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator), in the winter, primarily, slept 42% of the time, fed 30%, swam 12%; and preened 7%. Comparisons of swan activities among diel periods during the winter indicated they increased feeding throughout the day into night, when they fed at their highest rate. Swans spent more time sleeping as winter temperatures decreased; feeding mostly ceased when temperatures fell below approximately -17 C. Dominant activities in spring included feeding (45%), sleeping (17%), swimming (13%); and preening (12%). During spring, swans fed at a high rate throughout day and night, suggesting that spring use-areas may be important to swans depositing endogenous reserves before nesting. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,222 S 22ND ST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.2307/2426667 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XR338 UT WOS:A1997XR33800019 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Potts, MJE Goth, RW AF Haynes, KG Potts, MJE Goth, RW TI Evaluation of the reliability of determining soft rot resistance in potatoes by the tuber slice method SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sample size; significance level; potato; Solanum tuberosum L; Erwinia ID CAROTOVORA SUBSP ATROSEPTICA; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHRYSANTHEMI; CULTIVARS; BLACKLEG; STORAGE; TISSUE; CLONES AB Soft rot resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers can be determined by inoculating tuber slices with soft rot Erwinia species. Questions have been raised in the literature concerning the reliability of the tuber slice method. The objectives of this study were to 1) examine the statistical assumptions underlying the analysis of variance for different response variables as measurer; of soft rot resistance using the tuber slice method of evaluation; 2) estimate the sample sizes necessary to detect specified differences with power 0.83; and, 3) choose the ''best'' variable for measuring resistance to soft rot based on valid statistical analysis and minimal sample size. Slices from fifteen tubers from each of three cultivars (Atlantic, Norchip, Superior) were inoculated with Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora or E. chyrsanthemi and incubated at two different temperatures (20 C and 30 C) for 48 hrs, The test was conducted on two dates. Tuber samples were sliced and weighed prior to inoculation and after the macerated tissue was removed following a 48 hr incubation period. The maximum diameter of macerated tissue, actual weight loss, four measures of proportional weight loss, and various transformations of these variables were analyzed. The ''best'' response variables for measuring resistance to soft rot by the tuber slice method were the diameter of the macerated tissue and the square root transformation of one of the measures of proportional weight loss. No differences were found among the cultivars nor the Erwinia subsp. for either of these response variables, and the cultivar x Erwinia subsp., cultivar x temperature and cultivar x Erwinia subsp. x temperature interactions were not significant. However, there were significant differences between the incubation temperatures, and the Erwinia subsp. x temperature interaction was significant for both response variables. Estimates of sample sizes necessary to find a 20% difference in main effect and interaction effect means were calculated. C1 USDA ARS,BIOMETR CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1007/BF02851725 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU830 UT WOS:A1997XU83000004 ER PT J AU Goth, RW Goins, EW AF Goth, RW Goins, EW TI Potato Carlavirus S (PVS) resistance of potato clone B6603-12 SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; graft resistance AB The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. tuberosum) breeding line B6603-12 was shown to be resistant to Potato Carlavirus S (PVS) on the basis of non detection of PVS by ELISA in plants that were: 1) either graft or mechanically inoculated with composite isolates of PVS; and 2) interplanted among PVS infected cultivars in fields for twelve growing seasons. RP Goth, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1007/BF02851726 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XU830 UT WOS:A1997XU83000005 ER PT J AU Jackson, JJ AF Jackson, JJ TI Biology of Aphthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the laboratory SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Aphthona nigriscutis; adult biology; leafy spurge ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA L; LEAFY SPURGE; BEETLE AB The flea beetle Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras was introduced to Canada in 1983 and the United States in 1989 for the biological control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. Life history data for A. nigriscutis are described based on laboratory studies using insect populations from Barnes County, North Dakota, and Fallen County, Montana. Initial emergence of males and females from spring soil samples was synchronized, but complete emergence for males preceded that of females. For the Barnes County population, approximate to 80% of the adults were female. When adults were held as mated pairs at 25 degrees C and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L:D) h, male longevity was longer than that of the female with a median longevity of 221 and 124 d, respectively. Oviposition started approximate to 10 d after female emergence and proceeded at a rate of 4 eggs per day over an average oviposition period of 109 d. Oviposition averaged 537 eggs per female with a range of 103-1,157. Eggs from the Fallen County population started to hatch within 10 d after oviposition when eggs were held at 25 degrees C. Egg hatch averaged near 60% and occurred over a period of approximate to 8 d. Life history data for A. nigriscutis were similar to other univoltine Aphthona spp., except A. nigriscutis had a female-biased sex ratio, greater male longevity, and higher female oviposition. RP Jackson, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,2923 MEDARY AVE,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 90 IS 4 BP 433 EP 437 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XP581 UT WOS:A1997XP58100004 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Ackermann, M Huttner, KM AF Brogden, KA Ackermann, M Huttner, KM TI Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens are antimicrobial SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; DEFENSIN-BINDING; HOST DEFENSE; LUNG LAVAGE; XENOPUS; SKIN; ANTIBIOTICS; VERTEBRATES; PRECURSOR; CELLS AB Some inactive precursor proteins, or zymogens, contain small, amino terminus, homopolymeric regions of Asp that neutralize the cationic charge of the active protein during synthesis. After posttranslational cleavage, the anionic propeptide fragment may exhibit antimicrobial activity. To demonstrate this, ovine trypsinogen activation peptide, and frog (Xenopus laevis) Pn activation peptide, both containing homopolymeric regions of Asp, were synthesized and tested against previously described surfactant-associated anionic peptide. Peptides inhibited the growth of both gram-negative (MIC, 0.08 to 3.00 mM) and gram-positive (MIC, 0.94 to 2.67 mM) bacteria. Smalt, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens form a new class of host-derived antimicrobial peptides important in innate defense. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. BOSTON CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED,JOINT PROGRAM NEONATOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP & NEUROL DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1615 EP 1617 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XJ131 UT WOS:A1997XJ13100042 PM 9210699 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bartoszyk, IM Gundersen, DE Mogen, B Davis, RE AF Lee, IM Bartoszyk, IM Gundersen, DE Mogen, B Davis, RE TI Nested PCR for ultrasensitive detection of the potato ring rot bacterium, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE; SAMPLES; STRAINS; NOV AB Oligonucleotide primers derived from sequences of the 16S rRNA gene (CMR16F1, CMR16R1, CMR16F2, and CMR16R2) and insertion element IS1121 of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (CMSIF1, CMSIR1, CMSIF2, and CMISR2) were used in nested PCR to detect the potato ring rot bacterium C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Nested PCR with primer pair CMSIF1-CMSIR1 followed by primer pair CMSIF2-CMSIR2 specifically detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, while nested PCR with CMR16F1-CMR16R1 followed by CMR16F2-CMR16R2 detected C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and the other C. michiganensis subspecies. In the latter case, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus can be differentiated from the other subspecies by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the nested PCR products (16S rDNA sequences). The nested PCR assays developed in this work allow ultrasensitive detection of very low titers of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus which may be present in symptomless potato plants or tubers and which cannot be readily detected by direct PCR (single PCR amplification). RFLP analysis of PCR products provides for an unambiguous confirmation of the identity of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOL,RIVER FALLS,WI 54022. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2625 EP 2630 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200022 PM 9212412 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bartoszyk, IM GundersenRindal, DE Davis, RE AF Lee, IM Bartoszyk, IM GundersenRindal, DE Davis, RE TI Phylogeny and classification of bacteria in the genera Clavibacter and Rathayibacter on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLI SUBSP CYNODONTIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; COMB-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; MICROBACTERIUM; RDNA AB A phylogenetic analysis by parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) revealed that species and subspecies of Clavibacter and Rathayibacter form a discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Corynebacterium species, Within the Clavibacter-Rathayibacter clade, four major phylogenetic groups (subclades) with a total of 10 distinct taxa were recognized: (I) species C, michiganensis; (II) species C, xyli; (III) species R, iranicus and R, tritici; and (IV) species R, rathayi. The first three groups form a monophyletic cluster, paraphyletic to R, rathayi, On the basis of the phylogeny inferred, reclassification of members of Clavibacter-Rathayibacter group is proposed, A system for classification of taxa in Clavibacter and Rathayibacter was developed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, The groups delineated on the basis of RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA coincided well with the subclades delineated on the basis of phylogeny, In contrast to previous classification systems, which are based primarily on phenotypic properties and are laborious, the RFLP analyses allow for rapid differentiation among species and subspecies in the two genera. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOL PLANT PATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2631 EP 2636 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200023 PM 9212413 ER PT J AU Fodor, E Szallas, E Kiss, Z Fodor, A Horvath, LI Chitwood, DJ Farkas, T AF Fodor, E Szallas, E Kiss, Z Fodor, A Horvath, LI Chitwood, DJ Farkas, T TI Composition and biophysical properties of lipids in Xenorhabdus nematophilus and Photorhabdus luminescens, symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSECT PATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TEMPERATURE; HETERORHABDITIS; STEINERNEMATIDAE; NEOAPLECTANA; MEMBRANES AB Primary and secondary forms of Photorhabdus luminescens Hm and Xenorhabdus nematophilus N2-4 were grown at 18 and 28 degrees C for 24 to 96 h, and we made determinations of the fatty-acid compositions of total lipids and of the fluidity measured by 5-doxyl-stearic acid embedded in liposomes made from total lipids, The levels of the unsaturated fatty acids 16:1 and 18:1 (those with chain lengths of 16 or 18 and one double bond) generally were higher in primary-phase variants of P. luminescens grown at 18 degrees C than in those grown at 28 degrees C. Prolonged culture at 18 degrees C caused the level of 18:1 to fall and reach that observed at 28 degrees C, The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids rose with prolonged culture times in variants of each species at both phases, When grown at 18 degrees C, the proportion of 16:1 in X. nematophilus was lower than in P. luminescens; the patterns of temperature-induced changes were similar in these species, X. nematophilus contained a greater percentage of short-chain fatty acids (i.e., with chain lengths of <14.0) than P. luminescens. Lipid liposomes from primary and secondary cultures of both bacterial species grown at 18 degrees C were more ordered (i.e., less fluid) than those grown at 28 degrees C, This result suggests the surprising absence of homeoviscous adaptation of membranes to temperature, Also, liposomes from primary cultures were more ordered than those from secondary cultures and membranes from primary cultures of P. luminescens were more ordered at both culture temperatures than membranes from X. nematophilus. The biological significance of the effect of growth conditions on membrane biophysical properties in these bacteria is discussed. C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, INST BIOCHEM, BIOL RES CTR, H-6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, BIOL RES CTR, INST BIOPHYS, H-6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, GENET INST, H-1088 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, NEMATOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2826 EP 2831 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200049 PM 16535651 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Karns, JS McCarty, GW Durham, DR AF Shelton, DR Karns, JS McCarty, GW Durham, DR TI Metabolism of melamine by Klebsiella terragena SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; STRAIN AB Experiments were conducted to determine the pathway of melamine metabolism by Klebsiella terragena (strain DRS-1) and the effect of added NH4+ on the rates and extent of melamine metabolism, In the absence of added NH4+, 1 mM melamine was metabolized concomitantly with growth, Ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid, and NH4+ accumulated transiently in the culture medium to maximal concentrations of 0.012 mM, 0.39 mM, trace levels, and 0.61 mM, respectively. In separate incubations, in which cells were grown on either ammeline or ammelide (in the absence of NH4+), ammeline was metabolized without a lag while ammelide metabolism was observed only after 3 h, In the presence of 6 mM added NH4+ (enriched with 5% N-15), ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid accumulated transiently to maximal concentrations of 0.002 mh I, 0.47 mM, and trace levels, respectively, indicating that the added NH4+ had little effect on the relative rates of triazine metabolism, These data suggest that the primary mode of melamine metabolism by ii, terragena is hydrolytic, resulting in successive deaminations of the triazine ring, Use of N-15-enriched NH4+ allowed estimates of rates of triazine-N mineralization and assimilation of NH4+-N versus triazine-N into biomass, A decrease in the percent N-15 in the external NH4+ pool, in conjunction with the accumulation of ammelide and/or triazine-derived NH4+ in the culture medium, suggests that the initial reactions in the melamine metabolic pathway may occur outside the cytoplasmic membrane. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 20705. WR GRACE & CO CONN,COLUMBIA,MD 21004. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 53 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2832 EP 2835 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200050 PM 16535652 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Cranfield, MR Conn, DB AF Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Cranfield, MR Conn, DB TI In vitro interactions of Asian freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) hemocytes and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; WATER; METALS; RIVER AB Corbicula fluminea hemocytes phagocytosed infectious oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. After 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, averages of 35.8, 58.0, 69.7, 77.7, and 81.6% of the oocysts were phagocytosed by 24.3, 70.0, 78.5, 87.3, and 93.0% of the hemocytes, respectively. A single clam can retain by phagocytosis an average of 1.84 x 10(6) oocysts per mi of hemolymph. C. fluminea bivalves can serve as biological indicators of contamination of wastewaters and agricultural drainages,vith Cryptosporidium. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. BALTIMORE ZOO,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21217. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,IMMUNITY & DIS PREVENT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BERRY COLL,SCH MATH & NAT SCI,MT BERRY,GA 30149. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. OI Conn, David Bruce/0000-0003-0198-0234 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2910 EP 2912 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200061 PM 16535656 ER PT J AU Janse, BJH Gaskell, J Cullen, D Zapanta, L Dougherty, MJ Tien, M AF Janse, BJH Gaskell, J Cullen, D Zapanta, L Dougherty, MJ Tien, M TI Are bacteria omnipresent on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall? SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN AB Cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined for the presence of bacteria as previously described (F. Seigle-Murandi, P. Guiraud, C. Falsen, and K.-E. Eriksson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2477-2481, 1996), Under no conditions could bacteria be isolated from cultures of P. chrysosporium. With PCR primers corresponding to small-subunit rRNA genes, no bacterium-like product could be amplified from cultures of the widely used P. chrysosporium strain BKM-F-1767. Thus, we could find no evidence of bacteria in association with P, chrysosporium BKM-F-1767. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2913 EP 2914 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XJ182 UT WOS:A1997XJ18200062 PM 16535657 ER PT J AU Moniruzzaman, M Dale, BE Hespell, RB Bothast, RJ AF Moniruzzaman, M Dale, BE Hespell, RB Bothast, RJ TI Enzymatic hydrolysis of high-moisture corn fiber pretreated by AFEX and recovery and recycling of the enzyme complex SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; fuel alcohol; corn fiber; ammonia pretreatment ID CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; RESIDUE; WOOD; CELLULASES; ADSORPTION; BIOMASS; ACID AB Corn fiber is a grain-processing residue containing significant amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch, which is collected in facilities where fuel ethanol is currently manufactured. Preliminary research has shown that corn fiber (30% moisture dry weight basis [dwb]) responds well to ammonia-fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment. However, an important AFEX pretreatment variable that has not been adequately explored for corn fiber is sample moisture. In the present investigation, we determined the best AFEX operating conditions for pretreatment of com fiber at high moisture content (150% moisture dwb). The optimized AFEX treatment conditions are defined in terms of the moisture content, particle size, ammonia to biomass ratio, temperature, and residence time using the response of the pretreated biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis as an indicator. Approximate optimal-pretreatment conditions for unground corn fiber containing 150% (dwb) moisture were found to be: temperature, 90 degrees C; ammonia: dry corn fiber mass ratio, 1:1; and residence time 30 min (average reactor pressure under these conditions was 200 pounds per square inch [psig]). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated corn fiber was per formed with three different enzyme combinations. More than 80% of the theoretical sugar yield was obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis using the best enzyme combination after pretreatment of corn fiber under the optimized conditions previously described. A simple process for enzyme recovery and reuse to hydrolyze multiple portions of AFEX-treated corn fiber by one portion of enzyme preparation is demonstrated. Using this process, five batches of fresh substrate (at a concentration of 5% w/v) were successfully hydrolyzed by repeated recovery and reuse of one portion of enzyme preparation, with the addition of a small portion of fresh enzyme in each subsequent recycling step. C1 ARS,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1007/BF02787846 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XY762 UT WOS:A1997XY76200010 ER PT J AU MillerIhli, NJ AF MillerIhli, NJ TI Seventh international colloquium on solid sampling with atomic spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MillerIhli, NJ (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 51 IS 7 BP A258 EP A259 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA XP068 UT WOS:A1997XP06800001 ER PT J AU Eisenstein, RS Barton, HA Pettingell, WH Bomford, AB AF Eisenstein, RS Barton, HA Pettingell, WH Bomford, AB TI Isolation, characterization, and functional studies of rat liver iron regulatory protein 1 SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE iron regulatory protein 1; ferritin; translational control; iron metabolism ID FERRITIN MESSENGER-RNA; ELEMENT-BINDING-PROTEIN; RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; ACONITASE ACTIVITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; UNTRANSLATED REGION AB Ferritin mRNAs are translationally regulated by the binding of either of two cytosolic proteins, iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) or IRP2, to the iron responsive element (IRE) located in their 5' untranslated region (UTR), Rat Liver IRP1 was purified by anion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography using a concatemerized version of the IRE. Two bands with M-r of 95,000 and 100,000 were observed by reducing SDS-PAGE, A single protein was responsible for both bands since: (1) [P-32]IRE RNA specifically cross-linked to both components; (2) alkylation with iodoacetamide resulted in formation of a single species with M-r of 95,000; and (3) they possessed identical peptide patterns after digestion with cyanogen bromide, The N-terminal sequence of rat liver IRP1 was MKNPFAHLAEPLDPAQPGKKFFNLNKLEDSRYGRLPFXIRVLLEAAV which is identical to the sequence deduced from the cDNA Rat liver IRP1 has an amino acid composition similar to that of bovine liver c-aconitase, Several species of IRP1 were observed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with pIs ranging from 7.5 to 8.0, Rat liver IRP1 bound the IRE with high affinity (K-D = 0.04 nM) and repressed translation of ferritin mRNA in vitro, IRP1 bound 100-fold less well to an IRE variant and failed to significantly repress translation of a ferritin mRNA containing the mutated IRE, We conclude that decreases in the affinity of interaction between IRP1 and the IRE, of a magnitude similar to that observed when the binding protein in converted to c-aconitase, are sufficient to significantly enhance translation of ferritin mRNA in vitro. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 MIT,DIV TOXICOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Eisenstein, RS (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT NUTR SCI,1415 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R29-DK47219] NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 343 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1006/abbi.1997.0144 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA XH220 UT WOS:A1997XH22000011 PM 9210649 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Molecular models for the stereochemical structures of fumonisin B-1 and B-2 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN T-A; TRICARBALLYLIC ACID MOIETIES; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; AAL-TOXIN; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; RELATIVE CONFIGURATION; FRAGMENT; BACKBONE; CALCIUM; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Assessment of the structural configuration of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and B-2 (FB2) would allow better understanding of the behavior of these molecules during isolation or other handling procedures, and their interaction with binding sites or antibodies. Molecular models of the absolute configurations of FB1 and FB2 were calculated using a CAChe WorkSystem(TM). The electrostatic potential energy surfaces of the minimum potential energy conformations for FB1 and FB2 also were obtained. The models reveal that the backbone and acid side chains for FB1 and FB2 form a spherical globular model. The folded region forms a cage-like feature. It is this feature that suggests that these molecules may be potential chelators. The electrostatic potential surfaces show that most of the exposed surfaces of these molecules are hydrophobic in nature, and that there is a distinct difference between the electrostatic potential surfaces of the FB1 models resulting from the stereochemistry proposed by Shier et al. (1995) and Boyle and Kishi (1995a). The electrostatic surfaces clearly show a different orientation of the hydrophobic tail region of the backbone for FB2 than in the models for FB1. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA YA908 UT WOS:A1997YA90800001 PM 9216863 ER PT J AU Butler, RW Williams, TD Warnock, N Bishop, MA AF Butler, RW Williams, TD Warnock, N Bishop, MA TI Wind assistance: A requirement for migration of shorebirds? SO AUK LA English DT Article ID MIGRANT SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; OPTIMAL FAT LOADS; BODY-MASS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; CALIDRIS-MAURI; BIRD MIGRATION; SEX-RATIO; WADERS; STOPOVER AB We investigated the importance of wind-assisted night for northward (spring) migration by Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) along the Pacific Coast of North America. Using current models of energy costs of flight and recent data on the phenology of migration, we estimated the energy (fat) requirements for migration in calm winds and with wind-assisted flight for different rates of fat deposition: (1) a variable rate, assuming that birds deposit the minimum amount of fat required to reach the next stopover site; (2) a constant maximum rate of 1.0 g/day; and (3) a lower constant rate of 0.4 g/day. We tested these models by comparing conservative estimates of predicted body mass along the migration route with empirical data on body mass of Western Sandpipers at different stopover sites and upon arrival at the breeding grounds. In calm conditions, birds would have to deposit unrealistically high amounts of fat (up to 330% of observed values) to maintain body mass above absolute lean mass values. Fat-deposition rates of 1.0 g/day and 0.4 g/day, in calm conditions, resulted in a steady decline in body mass along the migration route with predicted body masses on arrival in Alaska of only 60% (13.6 g) and 26% (5.9 g) of average lean mass (22.7 g). Conversely, birds migrating with wind assistance would be able to complete migration with fat-deposition rates as low as 0.4 g/day, similar to values reported for this size bird from field studies. Our results extend the conclusion of the importance of winds for large, long-distance migrants to a small, short-distance migrant. We suggest that the migratory decisions of birds are more strongly influenced by the frequency and duration of winds aloft, i.e. by events during the flight phase, than by events during the stopover phase of migration, such as fat-deposition rate, that have been the focus of much recent migration theory. Received 3 September 1996, accepted 14 February 1997. C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89512. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORDOVA,AK 99574. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Butler, RW (reprint author), CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,PACIFIC WILDLIFE RES CTR,5421 ROBERTSON RD,DELTA,BC V4K 3N2,CANADA. NR 62 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 456 EP 466 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XM886 UT WOS:A1997XM88600013 ER PT J AU Johnson, OW Warnock, N Bishop, MA Bennett, AJ Johnson, PM Kienholz, RJ AF Johnson, OW Warnock, N Bishop, MA Bennett, AJ Johnson, PM Kienholz, RJ TI Migration by radio-tagged Pacific Golden-Plovers from Hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival SO AUK LA English DT Article C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89512. SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORDOVA,AK 99574. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. LAKE CLARK NATL PK & PRESERVE,KENAI,AK 99611. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XM886 UT WOS:A1997XM88600026 ER PT J AU Silva, RF Calvert, JG Lee, LF AF Silva, RF Calvert, JG Lee, LF TI A simple immunoperoxidase plaque assay to detect and quantitate Marek's disease virus plaques SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HERPESVIRUS; CHICKENS AB We report an immunoperoxidase-based staining technique that can be used to rapidly and accurately detect and quantitate Marek's disease virus (MDV) plaques. Monolayer cultures were fixed and incubated with a monoclonal antibody specific for MDV. After washing, a second antibody of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG was applied, incubated for I hr, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. After the cultures were incubated with diaminobenzidine, CoCl2, and H2O2, the plaques appeared as black spots and were easily seen and counted. Significantly more immunoperoxidase-stained serotype I MDV plaques could be counted at 4 days postinoculation than were seen in unstained cultures. With serotype 2 MDV-infected cells, the difference in plaque counts was less dramatic. Nevertheless, at 3 days postinoculation, significantly more stained serotype 2 plaques were seen than unstained plaques. Immunoperoxidase staining of turkey herpesvirus plaques did not increase the sensitivity of viewing plaques. Similar numbers of stained and unstained plaques were seen at 2 days postinoculation. We also demonstrated that we could count serotype-specific MDV plaques in a mixed infection that contained all three serotypes. C1 PFIZER INC,CENT RES,GROTON,CT 06340. RP Silva, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.2307/1592141 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100003 PM 9356696 ER PT J AU Branton, SL May, JD Lott, BD Maslin, WR AF Branton, SL May, JD Lott, BD Maslin, WR TI Various blood parameters in commercial hens acutely and chronically infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE acute infection; chronic infection; differential leukocyte count; packed cell volume; plasma protein ID CHICKENS; LEUKOCYTE; INFLAMMATION; PATHOLOGY AB Two trials were conducted to study the effects of acute (Trial 1) and chronic (Trial 2) mycoplasma infections on differential leukocyte counts in chickens. The trials initially included either 20 (Trial I) or 40 (Trial 2) 6-wk-old commercial leghorn chickens negative for antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Chickens were inoculated with F strain MG (FMG), MS (WVU 1853), or both. One group of chickens remained uninoculated and served as a negative control for both trials. Chickens were housed in fiberglass isolation units from 6 to 10 wk (Trial I) or 6 to 70 wk of age (Trial 2). Differential leukocyte counts were examined from 6 to 10 wk (Trial 1) or 66 to 70 wk of age (Trial 2) in all chickens. Also, in Trial 2, packed cell volumes (PCVs) and plasma protein values were examined from 66 to 70 wk of age. In the acute study (Trial 1), differential leukocyte counts revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in heterophil, lymyhocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil values among treatments. In general, the differential counts of FMG-and MS-infected birds were characterized by heterophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinopenia, and basopenia. Histopathologic examination of the spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow revealed a high degree of lymphoid foci within the spleen and bone marrow of all infected chickens. In the chronic study (Trial 2), no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in differential leukocyte counts, PCV, and plasma protein values among treatments. Histopathologic examination of spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow did not reveal any difference among treatments. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 540 EP 547 DI 10.2307/1592143 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100005 PM 9356698 ER PT J AU Craven, SE Williams, DD AF Craven, SE Williams, DD TI Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium attachment to chicken cecal mucus by intestinal isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and lactobacilli SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-MEDIATED ADHESION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CROP EPITHELIUM; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; FIMBRIAL OPERON; TYPE-1 FIMBRIAE; GUT MICROFLORA; COLONIZATION; STRAINS AB The ability of selected strains of Enterobacteriaceae or lactobacilli isolated from the intestines of adult chickens to inhibit in vitro attachment of Salmonella typhimurium 3333/O to cecal mucus in the presence or absence of D-mannose was determined. Attachment in the absence of mannose was reduced by prior exposure of mucus to cultures of two isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, an Escherichia call and a Hafnia alvei strain, but not to a third isolate, an Enterobacter agglomerans strain. Attachment of S. typhimurium was not inhibited when mannose was present in the blocking or attachment step. Formation of fimbriae by the two inhibitory Enterobacteriaceae strains and the S. typhimurium strain, as indicated by titers of mannose-sensitive hemagglutination of guinea pig erythroyctes was optimal in Z biphasic medium (consisting of tryptone, yeast extract, dextrose, and NaCl) incubated anaerobically at 42 C, Fimbriae of each of three strains prepared from these cultures also inhibited attachment. These are characteristics consistent with attachment and inhibition of attachment mediated by a mannose-sensitive adhesin associated with type 1 fimbriae on bacterial cells of Enterobacteriaceae strains. Attachment in the presence of mannose was significantly reduced by prior exposure of mucus to cultures of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain and a Lactobacillus delbrueckii delbrueckii strain but not to a strain of Lactobacillus for which the species had not been determined. Washed cells or spent culture supernatant fluid from brain-heart infusion broth, Z broth, or Z biphasic cultures of the inhibitory strains of lactobacilli incubated at 37 or 42 C inhibited this form of attachment. Of 27 intestinal isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 21 of lactobacilli, the lactobacilli strains were generally more hydrophobic than the Enterobacteriaceae as determined by adherence to hexadecane. The lactobacilli isolates did not agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes. The data suggest more than one mechanism for mediating attachment of inhibitory bacterial strains and for subsequent attachment of S. typhimurium. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & ANIM IND,NORMAL,AL 35762. RP Craven, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.2307/1592144 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100006 PM 9356699 ER PT J AU Stone, HD AF Stone, HD TI Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccines prepared with animal, vegetable, and synthetic oils SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; inactivated vaccine; Newcastle disease; oil emulsion vaccine; water-in-oil vaccine; animal oil; vegetable oil; synthetic oil ID EFFICACY AB Animal, vegetable, and synthetic oils were tested as potential replacements for mineral oil in Newcastle disease oil emulsion vaccines. Emulsifying surfactants of seed oil origin comprised 10% of the the oil phase that was used to prepare water-in-oil emulsion vaccines that contained a final concentration of 20% aqueous antigen. The hemagglutination inhibition responses of chickens inoculated with 46 of the newly formulated oil vaccines were, in most cases, not significantly different from those of control chickens inoculated with mineral oil vaccine. Tissue reactions associated with animal, vegetable, and synthetic oil vaccines were less severe than those associated with mineral oil vaccines. Viscosity of the mineral oil formulations ranged from 1/2 to 31/2 times that of the mineral oil control vaccines. These findings indicate chat any of several oils may be more suitable than mineral oil for preparation of immune adjuvants for poultry vaccines. RP Stone, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.2307/1592149 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100011 PM 9356704 ER PT J AU King, DJ Seal, BS AF King, DJ Seal, BS TI Biological and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates from surveillance of live bird markets in the northeastern United States SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxovirus; chicken; Newcastle disease; pheasant; pathogenicity ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PIGEONS; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKEN; STRAINS AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is frequently recovered from surveillance samples collected by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service personnel in live bird markets. Six NDV isolates, five from chickens and one from a pheasant, were characterized for comparison with reference NDV isolates from poultry and other birds. All isolates tested were of low virulence for chickens. Four of the six isolates were similar to reference lentogens B1 and La Sota, but two isolates, one from a chicken and one from a pheasant, were different. The aberrant chicken isolate had a monoclonal antibody-binding profile like an unusual Canadian pigeon isolate. Sequence analysis of the matrix gene of this isolate demonstrated that it differed from all isolates included in the comparison and therefore may represent a third phylogenetic NDV group. The pheasant isolate had a monoclonal antibody-binding profile typical of other U.S. NDV lentogens but had a matrix gene sequence and hemagglurinin thermostability similar to strains Ulster and Queensland V4 (QV4), viruses originally isolated in Northern Ireland and Australia, respectively. The pheasant virus is the first lentogen isolated in the United States known to be closely related phylogenetically to Ulster and QV4. The unusual chicken and pheasant isolates were readily shed from the intestinal tract during chicken passage, whereas the other isolates were shed from the respiratory tract with little or no intestinal shedding. The frequency in live bird markets of viruses similar to those previously thought to be exotic to the United States is unknown. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.2307/1592161 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100023 PM 9356716 ER PT J AU Fadly, AM Witter, RL AF Fadly, AM Witter, RL TI Comparative evaluation of in vitro and in vivo assays for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus as a contaminant in a live virus vaccine of poultry SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHICKENS; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; TURKEYS; HVT AB Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for detection of reticuloendothrliosis virus (REV) as a contaminant in a live virus fowl pox (FP) vaccine of poultry A FP vaccine known to be contaminated with REV was tested by in vine and in vivo assays in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, respectively. Using in vitro assays, IFA and PCR were more sensitive than ELISA in detection of REV in CEFs inoculated with REV-contaminated FP vaccine. However, when the vaccine was tested by in vivo assays using SPF chickens, the sensitivity of ELISA was comparable with that of IFA and PCR. Antibody to REV was not detected in SPF chickens within 4 wk poseinoculation with REV-contaminated FP vaccine at hatch. Filtration of vaccine to eliminate vaccine virus from the inoculum before resting in CEFs resulted in a significant reduction in the frequency of REV detection by PCR or IFA. The data suggest that the sensitivity of IFA, PCR, and ELISA depends on the concentration of REV in the vaccine and that in vivo assays of vaccines for contamination with REV should include a test for virus because a negative antibody test may be misleading. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.2307/1592163 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100025 PM 9356718 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC Chute, MB Danforth, HD AF Jenkins, MC Chute, MB Danforth, HD TI Protection against coccidiosis in outbred chickens elicited by gamma-irradiated Eimeria maxima SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; RESISTANCE; TENELLA; VACCINE AB In an effort to develop an attenuated coccidiosis vaccine against coccidiosis, we exposed Eimeria maxima oocysts to an optimum dose of gamma irradiation (II kRad) that does not affect sporozoite invasion of the intestinal mucosa but does prevent asexual parasite development. Irradiated E. maxima oocysts were suspended in gelatin slabs and placed in battery cages for ingestion by I-day-old chickens. Separate groups of chickens were given gelatin slabs containing nonirradiated E. maxima oocysts or were inoculated pet os with either irradiated or nonirradiated E. maxima oocysts. Chickens infected with irradiated or nonirradiated oocysts by either oral inoculation or gel delivery showed a dose-dependent protection against weight loss associated with E. ma;rima challenge compared with unimmunized controls. In general, nonirradiated oocysts elicited protective immunity at lower immunization doses compared with irradiated oocysts. These experiments were extended to a floor pen study wherein 1-day-old male and Female broiler chickens were given irradiated or nonirradiated E. maxima oocysts in gelatin slabs in hatching boxes and challenged at 4 wk of age. A significant reduction (P < 0.05) in lesion scores was observed for chickens immunized with either irradiated or nonirradiated oocysts compared with unimmunized controls. Although no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in weight gain between these groups, both male and female chickens inoculated with irradiated E. maxima oocysts showed about a 10% greater weight gain than unimmunized controls, For both male and female chickens, average weights at challenge were greater in groups that were immunized with 17-kRad-irradiated E, maxima oocysts compared with those animals immunized with nonirradiated oocysts. C1 USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BLDG 1040,BARCE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.2307/1592164 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100026 PM 9356719 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Corrier, DE DeLoach, JR Nisbet, DJ AF Byrd, JA Corrier, DE DeLoach, JR Nisbet, DJ TI Comparison of drag-swab environmental protocols for the isolation of Salmonella in poultry houses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; detection; drag swabs; chickens; poultry environment ID BROILER FLOCKS; UNITED-STATES; FARMS; CONTAMINATION; INFECTIONS AB Three surveys were conducted during November 1995 and March and May 1996 to compare the use of double-strength skim milk (wet) or no transport media (dry) drag swabs for the detection of salmonellae in 10 broiler houses. Salmonellae were isolated from 57 of 120 individual wet drag-swab samples, compared with 21 of 120 dry drag-swab samples. Furthermore, Salmonella was detected at a higher frequency with wet drag swabs (66.7%) than with dry drag swabs (40%) when compared on an individual growout house basis. A total of seven different serotypes were isolated from the 10 broiler houses. Although double-strength skim milk drag swabs are more labor intensive than dry drag swabs, double-strength skim milk drag swabs are more efficient for detecting Salmonella than are dry drag swabs with no transport media. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.2307/1592165 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100027 PM 9356720 ER PT J AU Mikaelian, I Dubey, JP Martineau, D AF Mikaelian, I Dubey, JP Martineau, D TI Severe hepatitis resulting from toxoplasmosis in a barrel owl (Strix varia) from Quebec, Canada SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis; owl; raptor; tachyzoites; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis ID BIRDS AB A female adult barred owl (Strix varia) had been hurt by a car. Its general status declined gradually within 2 wk with anorexia and inactivity. Necropsy examination revealed marked multifocal pale areas in liver, emaciation, and mild airsacculitis and pericarditis. Histopathologic examination revealed severe acute multifocal hepatic necrosis with numerous protozoal tachyzoites within necrotic loci and In the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and macrophages. These tachyzoites stained with. an indirect immunohistochemistry method for Toxoplasma gondii antigens. This is the first reported case of hepatitis resulting from toxoplasmosis in a raptor. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,FAC MED VET,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL,CTR CANADIEN COOPERAT SANTE FAUNE,ST HYACINTHE,PQ J2S 7C6,CANADA. USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 738 EP 740 DI 10.2307/1592169 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ751 UT WOS:A1997XZ75100031 PM 9356724 ER PT J AU Quail, PH AF Quail, PH TI The phytochromes: A biochemical mechanism of signaling in sight? SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL SENSOR PROTEINS; MOSS CERATODON-PURPUREUS; GENE FAMILY; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; REGULATORY ACTIVITY; AVENA PHYTOCHROME; OAT PHYTOCHROME; TERMINAL-DOMAIN; KINASE ACTIVITY AB The biochemical mechanism by which the phytochrome family of plant sensory photoreceptors transmit perceived informational light signals downstream to transduction pathway components is undetermined. The recent sequencing of the entire genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis, however, has revealed a protein that has an NH2-terminal domain with striking sequence similarity to the photosensory NH2-terminal domain of the phytochromes, and a COOH-terminal domain strongly related to the transmitter histidine kinase module of bacterial two-component sensors. The Synechocystis protein is capable of autocatalytic chromophore ligation and exhibits photoreversible light-absorption changes analogous to the phytochromes, indicating its capacity to function as an informational photoreceptor. Together with earlier observations that the COOH-terminal domains of the plant phytochromes also have sequence similarity to the histidine kinases, these data suggest that the cyanobacteria utilize photoregulated histidine kinases as a sensory system and that the plant phytochromes may be evolutionary descendants of these photoreceptors. C1 USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 56 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 7 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.1002/bies.950190708 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XK262 UT WOS:A1997XK26200007 PM 9230690 ER PT J AU Lawrence, GB David, MB Bailey, SW Shortle, WC AF Lawrence, GB David, MB Bailey, SW Shortle, WC TI Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; calcium; forest floor; forest soils; red spruce ID WHITEFACE-MOUNTAIN; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACID PRECIPITATION; FIR FOREST; ALUMINUM; CHEMISTRY; FLOOR; USA AB Long-term changes in concentrations of available Ca in soils of red spruce forests have been documented, but remaining questions about the magnitude and regional extent of these changes have precluded an assessment of the current and future status of soil Ca. To address this problem, soil samples were collected in 1992-93 from 12 sites in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine to provide additional data necessary to synthesize all available research results on soil Ca in red spruce forests. Sites were chosen to encompass the range of environmental conditions experienced by red spruce. Concentrations of exchangeable Ca ranged from 2.13 to 21.6 cmol(c) kg(-1) in the Oa horizon, and from 0.11 to 0.68 cmol(c) kg(-1) in the upper 10 cm of the B horizon. These measurements expanded the range of exchangeable Ca reported in the literature for both horizons in northeastern red spruce forests. Exchangeable Ca was the largest Ca fraction in the forest floor at most sites (92% of acid-extractable Ca), but mineral Ca was the largest fraction at the three sites that also had the highest mineral-matter concentrations. The primary factor causing variability in Ca concentrations among sites was the mineralogy of parent material, but exchangeable concentrations in the B horizon of all sites were probably reduced by acidic deposition. Because the majority of Ca in the forest floor is in a readily leachable form, and Ca inputs to the forest floor from the mineral soil and atmospheric deposition have been decreasing in recent decades, the previously documented decreases in Ca concentrations in the forest floor over previous decades may extend into the future. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, NE EXPT STN, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. RP Lawrence, GB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 425 JORDAN RD, TROY, NY 12180 USA. OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 46 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1023/A:1005790130253 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA XH841 UT WOS:A1997XH84100002 ER PT J AU Barbour, JD Farrar, RR Kennedy, GG AF Barbour, JD Farrar, RR Kennedy, GG TI Populations of predaceous natural enemies developing on insect-resistant and susceptible tomato in North Carolina SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; host-plant resistance; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Geocoris punctipes; Coleomegilla maculata ID HIRSUTUM F-GLABRATUM; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; WILD TOMATO; TOBACCO HORNWORM; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; LYCOPERSICON; 2-TRIDECANONE; PARASITOIDS; LEPIDOPTERA AB Naturally occurring populations of immature and adult Geocoris punctipes, adult Cobomegilla maculata and immature coccinellids were monitored on field-grown tomato lines susceptible and resistant to Manduca sexta and Helicoverpa zea. Helicoverpa tea and Heliothis virescens eggs and small larvae that serve as prey for these predators also were monitored. More H. zea and H. virescens eggs and small larvae were found on resistant than on susceptible plant lines. However, similar populations of large H. tea and H. virescens larvae were found on resistant and susceptible plants. The number of adult Geocoris punctipes, adult Coleomegilla maculata and immature coccinellids on resistant plants was always as high or higher than the number on susceptible plants. The data demonstrate no incompatibility of host-plant resistance with biological control provided by these predaceous insects, but indicate that the number of G. punctipes and coccinellids required to provide effective biological control may develop too late in the season to be of practical value. Large populations of stilt bugs (Jalysus wickhami, Hemiptera: Berytidae) and spiders were observed to occur earlier in the growing season than either G. punctipes or coccinellids and may be a significant source of mortality for H. tea eggs and small larvae. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, IBL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Barbour, JD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, COLL AGR, PARMA RES & EXTENS CTR, PARMA, ID 83660 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0531 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XH423 UT WOS:A1997XH42300004 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ AF Geden, CJ TI Development models for the filth fly parasitoids Spalangia gemina, S-cameroni, and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) under constant and variable temperatures SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE house fly; parasitoid; Musca domestica; Spalangia gemina; Spalangia cameroni; Muscidifurax raptor; Pteromalidae ID DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; RATES; COLEOPTERA; FLIES; EGGS AB Development rates were determined for three pteromalid parasitoids of houseflies under constant and varying temperatures from 15 to 35 degrees C. Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders was the fastest developing species, with females completing development in 13.8 days at 32.5 degrees C and 66.5 days at 1.5 degrees C. Spalangia gemina Boucek females completed development in 20.8 days at 30.0 degrees C and 161 days at 15.0 degrees C, whereas S. cameroni Perkins females completed development in 20.6 days at 30.0 degrees C and 155.5 days at 15.0 degrees C. Male development times were 90.3% of those for female S. gemina and 92.7 and 88.6% of those for female S. cameroni and M. raptor, respectively. Parasitoid survival was very low at 35 degrees C for all species and no Spalangia survived constant exposure to 15.0 degrees C. Exposure to these lethal temperatures for shorter periods indicated that the parasitoids can tolerate them well under conditions more typical of the held. Development rates were modeled using biophysical and degree-day models and the models were tested for their ability to predict development under fluctuating conditions (24-36 degrees C). Neither model was superior for all three species because of interspecific differences in the parasitoids' responses to high temperatures. Agreement between predicted and observed development times for all three species was achieved by small empirical adjustments of a key parameter in the biophysical model. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0532 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XH423 UT WOS:A1997XH42300005 ER PT J AU Purcell, MF Duan, JJ Messing, RH AF Purcell, MF Duan, JJ Messing, RH TI Response of three hymenopteran parasitoids introduced for fruit fly control to a gall-forming tephritid, Procecidochares alani (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Tephritidae; parasitoids; Procecidochares alani; Diachasmimorpha longicaudata; Diachasmimorpha tryoni; Tetrastichus giffardianus; risk assessment; nontarget effects ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; BRACONIDAE; HAWAII; KULA; MAUI AB The response of three larval-pupal parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), and Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri, to the Hamakua pamakani gall fly, Procecidochares alani L., was determined in the laboratory. We also observed responses of these parasitoids to their normal rearing hosts, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann).D. tryoni landed on pamakani galls or on dishes containing P. alani larvae as frequently as on dishes containing C. capitata. In contrast, D. longicaudata only rarely landed on the galls. D. tryoni and D. longicaudata oviposited in galls in fewer than 1% of our observations. D. longicaudata probed P. alani larvae as frequently as B. dorsalis larvae, but no parasitoid offspring were observed. D. tryoni oviposited more frequently in C. capitata than P. alani. No D. tryoni developed in P. alani larvae. T. giffardianus landed oil pamakani galls and P. alani larvae more frequently than any other host substrate. In contrast, T. giffardianus entered galls with artificially opened windows one time in 10 observations. We observed 12% parasitism of P. alani larvae dissected from the galls and 20% of parasitism P. alani in the windowed galls. We discuss the implications of our results for future augmentative or classical biological control studies. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV HAWAII,KAUAI RES CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,KAPAA,HI 96720. RP Purcell, MF (reprint author), ARS,TROP FRUIT VEGETABLE & ORNAMENTAL RES LAB,USDA,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0533 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XH423 UT WOS:A1997XH42300006 ER PT J AU Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX Greenberg, SM AF Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX Greenberg, SM TI In vitro rearing of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for ten generations, with quality assessment comparisons of in vitro and in vivo reared adults SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE mass rearing; quality control; biological control; artificial diet ID ARTIFICIAL MEDIA; INVITRO CULTURE; PRETIOSUM AB Trichogramma minutum Riley were reared for 10 generations on an artificial diet containing a yeast extract, FreeAmine III, nonfat dry milk, chicken egg yolk, chicken embryo extract, and Manduca sexta (L.) egg liquid. Quality control parameters, including adult longevity, sex ratio, pupation rate, percentage of pupae to emerge as adults, adult female body length, number of Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) eggs parasitized by a female, and percentage of deformed females were assessed and compared to insects reared in vivo on irradiated H. tea eggs. The development time was longer for in vitro reared insects, but there were more deformed females in the in vitro culture. The sex ratio, however, was generally not significantly different between the in vitro and in vivo cultures. The in vitro reared females generally were larger, lived longer, and parasitized more H. tea eggs. Emergence of adults was in excess of 75% in all but the first in. vitro generation and was generally not significantly different from adult emergence in the in vivo culture, These findings will be of value in the development of a practical system for in vitro mass rearing of Trichogramma for use in biological control. C1 USDA ARS, BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, SPA, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, TEXAS AGR EXPT STN, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0534 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XH423 UT WOS:A1997XH42300007 ER PT J AU Summy, KR Greenberg, SM MoralesRamos, JA King, EG AF Summy, KR Greenberg, SM MoralesRamos, JA King, EG TI Suppression of boll weevil infestations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) occurring on fallow-season gotten in southern Texas by augmentative releases of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; Catolaccus grandis; biological control; pest management; cotton ID PARASITE; COTTON AB Augmentative releases of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) were conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in an attempt to suppress infestations of bob weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, occurring in stands of ''fallow-season'' cotton (i.e., fields in violation of the 1 September stalk destruction deadline mandated by Texas law). In each of five release sites monitored during the study period (October, 1994-March 1995), augmentative releases of C. grandis were accompanied by an appreciable increase in the incidence of parasitized boil weevils (primarily third-stage larvae and pupae infesting abcised cotton squares) within a relatively brief time period. The relatively high incidence of host mortality caused by C. grandis in each release site was largely indispensible (i.e., would not have occurred in the absence of the parasite) and served to destroy significant numbers of immature boil weevils that appear to have been predisposed to successfully overwinter. The potential role of parasite augmentation in the management of the overwintering boil weevil population in southern Texas is discussed. RP Summy, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0536 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XH423 UT WOS:A1997XH42300008 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Poellot, RA AF Uthus, EO Poellot, RA TI Dietary nickel and folic acid interact to affect folate and methionine metabolism in the rat SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ni deprivation; Ni essentiality; folate deprivation; methionine metabolism ID METHYL-GROUP METABOLISM; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DEFICIENCY; DEPRIVATION AB A previous experiment using rats indicated that dietary nickel (Ni), folic acid, and their interaction affected variables associated with one-carbon metabolism. That study used diets that produced only mild folate deficiency. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine the effect of a severe folate deficiency on nickel deprivation in rats. A 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment used groups of six weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Dietary variables were nickel, as NiCl2 . 6H(2)O, 0 or 1 mu g/g and folic acid, 0 or 4 mg/kg. All diets contained 10 g succinylsulfathiazole/kg to suppress microbial folate synthesis. The basal diet contained < 20 ng Ni/g. After 58 d, an interaction between nickel and folate affected the urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) and the liver concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Because of this, it is proposed that the physiological function of nickel is related to the common metabolism shared by SAM and FIGLU. Possibly the physiological function of nickel could be related to the tissue concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) or tetrahydrofolate (THF). RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF02910663 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YD095 UT WOS:A1997YD09500003 PM 9363317 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK TI Porcine fetal and maternal adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosteroid concentrations during gestation and their relation to fetal size SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID BINDING GLOBULIN; CHINESE MEISHAN; 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; STEROID HYDROXYLASES; PRENATAL SURVIVAL; OVULATION RATE; MID-GESTATION; CORTISOL; PIG AB A study was conducted to characterize fetal plasma ACTH and corticosteroid concentrations during porcine gestation and to relate plasma corticosteroids to fetal size. Samples were taken in white crossbred pigs at 50, 75, and 100 days of gestation and in Chinese Meishan pigs at Day 75. Fetuses developed in either ''crowded'' or ''roomy'' uterine environments after maternal uterine ligation, and all fluid samples were obtained during surgery. Fetal arterial cortisol decreased by 30% between Days 50 and 75 and then increased by 101% between 75 and 100 days. Concomitantly, fetal arterial ACTH increased 4-fold between 50 and 75 days of gestation and 45% between 75 and 100 days. Fetal venous cortisol and ACTH (measured only on Days 75 and 100) concentrations were lower than arterial concentrations. Both amniotic and allantoic fluid cortisol concentrations paralleled those of arterial cortisol but were at least 4-fold less. The percentage of free cortisol on Days 75 and 100 was a constant 24%, whereas cortisol bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin was a constant 60% and albumin-bound cortisol was 16%. White crossbred fetal arterial cortisone concentrations were always lower than cortisol concentrations, did not differ between arterial and venous plasma, decreased 50% between 50 and 75 days, and did not change thereafter. Plasma cortisol concentrations in Chinese Meishan fetuses were 30% greater than in white crossbred fetuses of the same age, but plasma ACTH and cortisone did not differ between breeds. Analysis of covariance indicated a negative regression of fetal weight and fetal length on arterial cortisol in white crossbred fetuses only at Day 100, and at Day 75 in Meishan fetuses. Under the specific conditions of this experimental model, these data demonstrate prenatal developmental changes in plasma ACTH and corticosteroids, indicate breed differences in such development, and suggest that a negative relationship exists between endogenous cortisol concentrations and fetal size at specific gestational ages. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1095/biolreprod57.1.99 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG540 UT WOS:A1997XG54000014 PM 9209086 ER PT J AU Li, MD DePaolo, LV Ford, JJ AF Li, MD DePaolo, LV Ford, JJ TI Expression of follistatin and inhibin/activin subunit genes in porcine follicles SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID ACTIVIN-BINDING PROTEIN; GRANULOSA-CELLS; STIMULATING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; OVINE FOLLISTATIN; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; GROWTH-FACTOR; SHEEP OVARY AB Expression of the follistatin (FS) and inhibin/activin (I/A) alpha, beta(A), and beta(B) subunit genes in porcine ovarian follicles was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or RNase protection procedures to establish changes during the final stages of follicular development. For the I/A alpha and beta(A) subunits, expression increased (p < 0.05) as follicles progressed to the mid-stage of the follicular phase. The beta(B) subunit was expressed in lower concentrations, and all three I/A subunits showed a marked reduction (p < 0.01) in expression by the late stage of follicular development. In contrast to this pattern, FS gene expression decreased (p < 0.05) as follicles developed from the early (low estradiol) to the mid stage (high estradiol) and continued to decline in advanced follicles (after estrus). The predominant mRNA encoded for FS-315, and the ratio of mRNA for FS-315 to mRNA for FS-288 did not differ significantly during the three stages. Within an animal, concentration of FS mRNAs was related more to stage of the follicular phase than to follicular size. Follicular fluid concentration of FS changed in a manner similar to that observed for expression of its gene. We conclude that expression of the FS gene and translation of its mRNA decrease as follicles approach ovulatory status. C1 USDA ARS, RLH US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. WHITTIER INST DIABET & ENDOCRINOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1095/biolreprod57.1.112 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG540 UT WOS:A1997XG54000016 PM 9209088 ER PT J AU Boylston, EK Morris, NM AF Boylston, EK Morris, NM TI Preparation of thin sections for Fourier Transform-Infrared microscopy: a new embedding medium for cellulosic samples SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cellulosic fibers; cotton; embedding; Fourier transform infrared microscopy; polystyrene AB Fourier Transform-Infrared [FT-IR] microscopy is a combination of instrumentation from which information can be derived about the structure and composition of materials; however, it presents unique problems fbr sample preparation, Traditional methods of preparing fiber cross sections employ embedding media such as methacrylates, epoxides and:polyvinyl alcohols, all of which have groups in common with the cellulose molecule, and absorb in the same regions of the IR spectrum, Therefore, a new embedding method employing polystyrene has been developed for the preparation of cross and longitudinal sections of cellulosic fibers. Although polystyrene is a strong IR absorbing material, it can be completely removed from specimens prior to analysis, In addition, FT-IR spectra of cross sections have better resolution than conventional preparation methods employing ground samples prepared in a KBr disk. RP Boylston, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 72 IS 4 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.3109/10520299709082241 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA XT546 UT WOS:A1997XT54600008 PM 9290912 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Kramer, KJ McGaughey, WH AF Oppert, B Kramer, KJ McGaughey, WH TI Rapid microplate assay for substrates and inhibitors of proteinase mixtures SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 3 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XK261 UT WOS:A1997XK26100014 PM 9232231 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA AF Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA TI Characterization of pER371-based Streptococcus thermophilus Escherichia coli shuttle vectors SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; PLASMID; GENE AB Native plasmid of Streptococcus thermophilus ST137, pER371 (2.7 kb) linearized at various unique restriction sites was individually subcloned into Escherichia coli plasmid pUC19 to generate the pUER-series recombinants. A selection cassette consisting of chloramphenicol- and erythromycin-resistance genes was spliced into each construct to generate the pMEU shuttle vectors. Electrotransformation of Streptococcus thermophilus with these vectors showed that a ca. 1.7 kb BstEII/BanII fragment is essential for plasmid replication. A shuttle vector, pMEU14'-1 (5.3 kb), was constructed using the minimally required fragment for replication. A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was successfully expressed in the ultimate S. thermophilus host by using pMEU14'-1 Cloning vectors derived from pER371 should provide valuable alternative gene delivery vehicles for the genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 7 BP 595 EP 598 DI 10.1023/A:1018362025665 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XJ648 UT WOS:A1997XJ64800001 ER PT J AU DAngelo, A Selhub, J AF DAngelo, A Selhub, J TI Homocysteine and thrombotic disease SO BLOOD LA English DT Review ID CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; THERMOLABILE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PREMATURE VASCULAR-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN-C ACTIVATION; FOLIC-ACID C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. SCI INST HS RAFFAELE,COAGULAT SERV,MILAN,ITALY. OI d'angelo, armando/0000-0002-9857-4509 FU Telethon [E.C0472] NR 147 TC 321 Z9 322 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XH428 UT WOS:A1997XH42800001 PM 9207431 ER PT J AU Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG Blake, MJ AF Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG Blake, MJ TI Idiorrhythmic dose-rate variability in dietary zinc intake generates a different response pattern of zinc metabolism than conventional dose-response feeding SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 95 Meeting CY APR 09-13, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA DE zinc; dose-rate idiorrhythm; intestinal metallothionein; calcified tissue ID INTESTINAL METALLOTHIONEIN; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; PROTEIN; ABSORPTION; ADAPTATION; TISSUES; IRON; BONE AB We compared the effects of idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding and conventional dose-response on the induction of intestinal metallothionein (iMT), expression of aortal heat-shock protein mRNA (HSP70mRNA) induced by restraint stress, and accumulation of Zn in the femur and incisor of young growing male rats, An idiorrhythmic approach requires that the average dietary Zn concentration (module, M) over the whole experiment (epoch, E) is kept constant across different groups, This is done by adjusting the Zn concentration of the supplemented diet supplied to compensate for the reduction in the number of days on which Zn-supplemented diet is fed, the latter being spread evenly over the experiment, Idiorrhythms involve offering the diet with n times the overall Zn concentration (M) only every nth day with Zn-deficient diet offered on other days, Idiorrythmic Zn dose-rate feeding changed Zn accumulation in the femur and incisor in a complex bi-modal fashion, indicating that metabolic efficiency of dietary Zn is not constant but depends on Zn dose-rate, In contrast to feeding Zn in the conventional dose-response scheme, iMT and HSP70mRNA were not affected by idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding, Idiorrhythmic cycling in dietary Zn load posed no risk of a biochemical overload nor caused the animals to be stressed, Idiorrhythmic dose-rate feeding brings the dimension of time to the conventional dose-response model. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHARMACOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP Momcilovic, B (reprint author), INST MED RES & OCCUPAT HLTH,POB 291,ZAGREB 41000,CROATIA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 173 EP 191 DI 10.1079/BJN19970128 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XM387 UT WOS:A1997XM38700016 PM 9292769 ER PT J AU Kirkbride, JH AF Kirkbride, JH TI Manipulus rubiacearum .6. SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Anthospermopsis; Augusta; Borreria; Calycophyllum; Chomelia; Declieuxia; Lindenia; Malanea; Psychotria; Simira; Sipanea; Staelia; Rubiaceae ID GENERA AB In neotropical Rubiaceae, nine new species for Brazil and one new generic section are described. Six new combinations and two new statuses are proposed, and the author citation of Psychotria racemosa is corrected. Augusta is expanded to include Lindenia with nomenclatural adjustments, and Anthospermopsis is raised from a section to a genus. RP Kirkbride, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,ROOM 304,BLDG 011A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 354 EP 379 DI 10.2307/2807836 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YC156 UT WOS:A1997YC15600007 ER PT J AU Weissling, TJ Lewis, TM McDonough, LM Horton, DR AF Weissling, TJ Lewis, TM McDonough, LM Horton, DR TI Reduction in pear psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) oviposition and feeding by foliar application of various materials SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; MYZUS-PERSICAE; BEHAVIOR; INSECTICIDES; RESISTANCE; HOST; TOXICITY; PLANTS; OIL AB Several horticultural oils, an insecticidal soap, neem, garlic extract, a sugar ester, and a synthetic insect growth regulator were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their ability to inhibit pear psylla's [Caropsylla pyricola (Foerster)] feeding and oviposition. Supreme oil significantly reduced winterform oviposition rates in both choice and no-choice assays and reduced feeding rates in no-choice assays. Supreme oil also reduced oviposition rates of summerform females in choice tests but not in no-choice tests. In addition, summerform oviposition rates were reduced significantly by application of several mineral oils (Orchex 796E, 692, and WS2928) and garlic barrier to pear foliage in no-choice tests, and by all oils, garlic barrier, and M-Pede in choice tests. Summerform feeding rate:; were reduced by application of mineral oils. Data suggest that ''summer type'' oils and other compounds may have utility in pear psylla management programs by decreasing feeding and oviposition. C1 ARS, USDA, WAPATO, WA 98951 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X EI 1918-3240 J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 129 IS 4 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YB081 UT WOS:A1997YB08100006 ER PT J AU White, JF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF White, JF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM TI Modifications of host cells and tissues by the biotrophic endophyte Epichloe amarillans (Clavicipitaceae; Ascomycotina) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Clavicipitaceae; endophyte; Epichloe; nutrient acquisition; ultrastructure ID GRASSES; ASSOCIATIONS; TYPHINA AB The Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycotina) are unique among biotrophs in that they do not produce haustoria to extract nutrients from hosts. Stromata are usually formed on developing parts of the host and are composed of a mixture of host and fungal tissues. An ultrastructural examination of stromata of Epichloe amarillans was conducted to assess changes in host tissues associated with development of stromata on grasses. Notable changes were observed in the epidermal layers of leaves and inflorescence primordia embedded within stromata. Epidermal cells within stromata showed progressive disintegration of the cuticle and wall layers. These alterations effectively broke down the epidermal barrier to the flow of nutrients and water to fungal tissues that develop outside the plant tissues. Mycelium was observed to associate closely with host cells. No penetrations of cells of the mesophyll, phloem, or xylem were observed; however, some alteration of the host cell walls was detected. Host cell walls proximal to hyphae were often seen to be slightly thicker than walls adjacent to other plant cells. Unseen alterations to host cell membranes are hypothesized. A mechanism of nutrient flow from host to stromal mycelium is discussed. The modification of host cells and tissues to enhance nutrient flow to fungal reproductive structures, without the development of haustoria, is suggested to be a basic mechanism of nutrient acquisition among biotrophic fungi. C1 USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,RICHARD RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP White, JF (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FORAN HALL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1069 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XV123 UT WOS:A1997XV12300004 ER PT J AU DeBell, DS Harrington, CA AF DeBell, DS Harrington, CA TI Productivity of Populus in monoclonal and polyclonal blocks at three spacings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLANTATIONS AB Four Populus clones were grown at three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) in monoclonal plots and in polyclonal plots with all clones in intimate mixture. After the third year, many individual tree and stand traits differed significantly by clone, spacing, deployment method, and their interactions. Differences among clones in growth and stem form were greater in polyclonal than in monoclonal plots, and differences in performance between deployment methods were greater in the denser spacings. Monoclonal stands had greater uniformity in tree size than polyclonal stands. Total aboveground oven-dry woody yield averaged 48.0 Mg.ha(-1) in the 0.5-m spacing and decreased as spacing increased. Some clones differed in yield from other clones in both monoclonal and polyclonal plots. Assuming that equal numbers of plants from the same clones were planted, the manner of deployment did not affect productivity; that is, although there were clonal differences in yield, mean yield of the four clones in monoclonal plots (44.3 Mg.ha(-1)) did not differ from the yield of polyclonal plots (43.1 Mg.ha(-1)). Comparative yields (yield in polyclonal plots/yield in monoclonal plots) differed substantially, however, and the increases or decreases in comparative yield differed with spacing and clone. Production and inventory were less evenly balanced among clones with polyclonal than with monoclonal deployment. RP DeBell, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 978 EP 985 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-7-978 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XV122 UT WOS:A1997XV12200002 ER PT J AU DiFazio, SP Vance, NC Wilson, MV AF DiFazio, SP Vance, NC Wilson, MV TI Strobilus production and growth of Pacific yew under a range of overstory conditions in western Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA; LINDERA-BENZOIN; UNDERSTORY; LIGHT; REPRODUCTION; ARCHITECTURE; ACCLIMATION; MORPHOLOGY; SAPLINGS; MONTANA AB Strobilus production, growth, and morphology of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) were examined at three sites in the Cascade Mountains and one site in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Strobilus production on branch segments was positively associated with overstory openness for male and female trees at all four sites over 2 years. Strobilus production was also associated with branch vigor, but not as consistently as with overstory. Other variables, including tree size and age, mass of branches, branch bifurcations, and potential radiation, failed to explain significant variation in strobilus production. Overstory openness was also correlated with 5-year growth increment for all trees and with mass of 1994 branch growth for female trees, suggesting that tree vigor increased with overstory openness. In addition, branch mass and the number of branch bifurcations were positively associated with overstory openness. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-7-986 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XV122 UT WOS:A1997XV12200003 ER PT J AU Heuchelin, SA McNabb, HS Klopfenstein, NB AF Heuchelin, SA McNabb, HS Klopfenstein, NB TI Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Populus x euramericana ''Ogy'' using the chimeric CaMV 35S pin2 gene fusion SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR-I; SENSITIVE METHOD; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; DEFENSE; INSECTS; LEAVES AB A hybrid poplar clone, ''Ogy'' (Populus x euramericana), was transformed with the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PI II) gene (pin2) to test the importance of serine proteinases in host-pathogen and host-insect interactions. The gene product PI IT is a specific inhibitor of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Transformants were obtained using an Agrobacterium binary vector system with a disarmed Ti plasmid (EHA 101) and plasmid pRT104 containing pin2 regulated by a CaMV 35S promoter and a selectable gene-encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II). Putative transformed shoots from co-cultured leaves were selected using three different kanamycin toxicity assays. Ten plantlets, selected from 431 shoots derived from co-culture, were selected for nucleic acid and protein analysis. DNA analysis (Southern blots and PCR) and protein gel blots (Western blots) confirmed pin2 integration and expression in transformant number TR5. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,AMES,IA 50011. US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-7-1041 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XV122 UT WOS:A1997XV12200009 ER PT J AU Petruncio, M Briggs, D Barbour, RJ AF Petruncio, M Briggs, D Barbour, RJ TI Predicting pruned branch stub occlusion in young, coastal Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Time is required after pruning tree branches until radial stem growth occludes individual branch stubs. Foresters and planners need improved understanding of factors affecting occlusion time and distance so they can better forecast yield of clear wood and returns on pruning investments. This study examined occlusion of 335 pruned branches from 38 coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) trees sampled from 13 stands that were pruned between age 9 and 22. Regression models were developed for predicting number of years to occlude, the width of the occlusion region, and radius-over-occlusion which is the distance from the stem pith to the onset of clear wood production. Study results indicate that years to occlude is a function of stem size, stub length, stem growth rate, live or dead branch condition, and whether pruning produced smooth or nonsmooth cuts. Distance to occlude is a function of stem size, stub diameter, stem growth rate, live or dead branch condition, and whether pruning produced smooth or nonsmooth cuts. Radius-over-occlusion is a function of stem size, stub length, stub diameter, stem growth rate, and whether pruning produced smooth or nonsmooth cuts. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP Petruncio, M (reprint author), HERITAGE COLL,3240 FT RD,TOPPENISH,WA 98948, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1082 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-7-1074 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XV122 UT WOS:A1997XV12200013 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Rasmussen, MA DiSpirito, AA Allison, MJ AF Anderson, RC Rasmussen, MA DiSpirito, AA Allison, MJ TI Characteristics of a nitropropanol-metabolizing bacterium isolated from the rumen SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitropropanol; nitropropionate; anaerobic; rumen; detoxification ID RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; SP-NOV; 3-NITROPROPANOL; NITRATE; ACID AB We report some characteristics of a ruminal bacterium (strain NPOH1) that metabolizes 3-nitropropanol, the toxic principle of various milk vetchs that are distributed worldwide. The gram-positive bacterium was nonmotile and did not produce spores. Growth of strain NPOH1 occurred under anaerobic conditions and was supported by the electron accepters 3-nitropropanol, 3-nitropropionate, nitrate, 2-nitropropanol, nitroethane, nitroethanol, or 3-nitro-1-propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (miserotoxin). Other potential electron accepters, namely sulfate, sulfite, azide, chlorate, perchlorate, nitrite, fumarate, 2-nitrobutane, or nitrobenzene, did not support growth. Formate, lactate, and H-2 stimulated growth of strain NPOH1 in the presence of the appropriate nitrocompound. whereas a variety of other potential H-2 donors did not. When grown in medium containing both nitrate and either 3-nitropropanol or 3-nitropropionate, nitrate was the preferred acceptor. Strain NPOH1 reduced nitrate to nitrite and, when grown with excess reductant, nitrite was further reduced to ammonia. The products formed during the metabolism of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionate by mixed ruminal populations, 3-aminopropanol and beta-alanine, were not found in culture fluids of strain NPOH1. Analysis of total cellular fatty acid profiles and of the mole percent guanine plus cytosine suggests that strain NPOH1 is a novel bacterium. The capacity of strain NPOH1 to metabolize 3-nitropropanol suggests that this organism may play an important role in detoxification of 3-nitropropanol in the rumen. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 43 IS 7 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA XM043 UT WOS:A1997XM04300003 PM 9246740 ER PT J AU Buttery, BR Park, SJ vanBerkum, P AF Buttery, BR Park, SJ vanBerkum, P TI Effects of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar and rhizobium strain on plant growth, seed yield and nitrogen content SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE common bean; Phaseolus vulgaris; nodulation; nitrogen fixation; rhizobium strains; cultivar x strain interaction ID LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR PHASEOLI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VICIA-FABA; FIXATION; NODULATION AB The common bean is generally regarded as a relatively inefficient fixer of nitrogen. Information on the relative importance of host cultivar and rhizobium strain would be useful in guiding a breeding program to improve nitrogen fixation in common bean. Seventeen cultivars of common bean (15 of Meso-American and 2 of Andean origin, differing in nodulation potential, maturity, growth habit and market class) were investigated for symbiotic compatibility with 10 genetically diverse strains of bean rhizobia. In a greenhouse (27/22 degrees C), five sets of 170 pots were replicated over time: three sets were harvested after 30 d for determination of acetylene reduction activity, plant dry weights, and nitrogen content; two replications were grown to maturity for determination of seed dry weight and nitrogen content. There were highly significant effects of both strain and cultivar on most measured characteristics, but there was no interaction between cultivar and strain. Italian Barlotti produced the greatest plant weight after 30 d, but its final seed yield did not differ significantly from that of the highest yielding cv. BAT271. The strain TAL182 was associated with the greatest plant weight at 30 d, but the final seed yield associated with it was less than that of the most productive strain USDA9001. Strain USDA 2667 was characterized as type I by determination of its 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence. The nodules of plants in symbiosis with strains of type IIB had high levels (8.1%) of nitrogen and high levels (227 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)) of acetylene reduction activity (ARR). Nodules occupied by strains of type IIA and the type I USDA2667 had intermediate levels of nitrogen (6.9%) and ARR (166 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)), while nodules occupied by type I strains had low levels of nitrogen (5.2%) and ARR (144 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)). Screening of lines, parents and other breeding materials for improved N-fixation may be achieved with any effective strain since no host x strain interaction was detected. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Buttery, BR (reprint author), AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,GREENHOUSE & PROC CROPS RES CTR,HARROW,ON N0R 1G0,CANADA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 77 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XX357 UT WOS:A1997XX35700007 ER PT J AU Cho, HJ McNab, B Dubuc, C Jordan, L Afshar, A Magar, R Prins, S Eernisse, K AF Cho, HJ McNab, B Dubuc, C Jordan, L Afshar, A Magar, R Prins, S Eernisse, K TI Comparative study of serological methods for the detection of antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOPEROXIDASE MONOLAYER ASSAY; SWINE INFERTILITY; LELYSTAD VIRUS; TRITON X-114; PIGS; DISEASE; VR-2332 AB A comparison was made of serological diagnostic methods used for the detection of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. In the ''phase I'' PRRS test panel comparison, a panel of sera collected from 135 pigs of various ages, from North American herds with and without PRRS histories, were sent to 4 different laboratories and tested by an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). In the ''phase II'' PRRS test panel comparison, a panel of 382 sera collected from pigs of various ages, PRRS histories, and from various locations in North America and France, were divided into 2 panels (A & B) and sent to 3 Canadian laboratories and tested by the IFA and iELISA. In the phase I comparison, agreement between the IFA of laboratory 4 and the iELISA and IPMA of laboratory 3 was excellent (kappa values of 95% and 98%, respectively). This contrasted with the poor agreement between these laboratories and the IFA results of laboratories 1 and 2 in the phase I trial. In the phase II comparison, the results demonstrated good agreement between various tests both within and between laboratories. The overall performance of the iELISA was superior in the combination of sensitivity (96.1%) and specificity (100%) relative to the reference classification of the serum samples and repeatability (kappa value 98%). The iELISA is technically superior to IFA and IPMA, time efficient, cost effective and suitable for testing of a large number of samples over a short period of time. Thus, the iELISA may be a better alternative to IFA or IPMA for routine detection of PRRS viral antibodies in swine sera. C1 AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,INST ANIM DIS RES,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,HLTH ANIM & FOOD LAB,ST HYACINTHE,PQ J2S 8E3,CANADA. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Cho, HJ (reprint author), AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,INST ANIM DIS RES,POB 640,LETHBRIDGE,AB T1J 3Z4,CANADA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XL164 UT WOS:A1997XL16400001 PM 9242994 ER PT J AU Woods, RD AF Woods, RD TI Development of PCR-Based techniques to identify porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus isolates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; S-GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS; STRAINS; FELINE; SWINE AB Sixteen isolates of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and one isolate of porcine respiratory coronavirus were characterized using RT-PCR amplification of 4 antigenic subsites in the site A epitope on the TGEV spike gene, The PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes Sau3AI and SspI and the sizes of the fragments were determined. Three different digestion patterns were observed with each enzyme, The recognition site for Sau3AI was missing in 1 isolate, was present in 13 isolates and 3 isolates had 2 sites, PCR-products with a single site had 3 different fragment sizes and the other isolates produced 2 fragments with different sizes, The SspI recognition site was not present in 5 isolates and 12 isolates had a single site that produced 2 fragments of different sizes. Based on the restriction fragment sizes, the 17 isolates were separated into 7 groups, Direct sequencing of the 455 bp nested set fragments demonstrated greater than 96% sequence homology among the 16 isolates and 100% homology in the 4 antigenic subsites in the conserved site A epitope, The groups are discussed in relation to their sequence homology and virulence, In vitro procedures have been developed to identify several porcine enteric coronavirus isolates at the strain level. RP Woods, RD (reprint author), ARS,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XL164 UT WOS:A1997XL16400002 PM 9242995 ER PT J AU Gillingham, MP Parker, KL Hanley, TA AF Gillingham, MP Parker, KL Hanley, TA TI Forage intake by black-tailed deer in a natural environment: Bout dynamics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-HEMIONUS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; MULE DEER; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; FOOD-INTAKE; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; MECHANISTIC MODEL; SEASONAL-CHANGES; DORCAS GAZELLES; PATCH CHOICE AB We examined the within-bout and seasonal dynamics of intake rate for free-ranging tractable black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) throughout a 2-year period. Based on log frequency analysts of 487 complete active bouts, we concluded that active bouts consisted of a series of foraging bouts separated by similar to 2 min of nonforaging activity. Black-tailed deer spent similar to 92% of their active time foraging, independent of sex or season. Dry matter intake rates varied significantly with season, from similar to 0.5 g/min active in winter up to 1.5 g/min in summer, but few differences were attributable to sex. The large leaf size of skunk-cabbage (Lysichiton americanum) enabled deer to attain and sustain intake rates that approached predicted theoretical R-max values of 10-12 g dry matter/min (L.A. Shipley and D.E. Spalinger. 1992. Can. J. Zool. 70: 1743-1752). Daily dry matter intake varied from 300 g/day in winter to > 1300 g/day in summer. Deer maintained a constant intake rate throughout only one-third of all active periods; intake was reduced at the end of similar to 40% of all bouts, while intake rates increased towards the end of 30% of bouts. We discuss the implications of these dynamics for sampling of incomplete bouts, which is frequently employed by observers. Finally, we discuss the importance of selected, not available, biomass in understanding the foraging intake of ungulates. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP Gillingham, MP (reprint author), UNIV NO BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM STUDIES,3333 UNIV WAY,PRINCE GEORGE,BC V2N 4Z9,CANADA. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1118 EP 1128 DI 10.1139/z97-134 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XJ882 UT WOS:A1997XJ88200014 ER PT J AU Fritz, D George, C Dubey, JP Trees, AJ Barber, JS Hopfner, CL Mehaut, S LeNet, JL Longeart, L AF Fritz, D George, C Dubey, JP Trees, AJ Barber, JS Hopfner, CL Mehaut, S LeNet, JL Longeart, L TI Neospora caninum: Associated nodular dermatitis in a middle-aged dog SO CANINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-SECTIONS AB Neosporosis, a protozoan disease, was diagnosed in a 6-year-old female Siberian Husky. The dog was presented with a multi focal, pruritic nodular dermatitis characterized by variably-sized ulcerated pseudotumoral nodules scattered throughout the body. The diagnosis of generalized Neospora caninum infection was confirmed by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations. This case report emphasizes that N. caninum should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular dermatitis in dogs. C1 USDA ARS,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. LAPV,F-37403 ABOISE,FRANCE. CAL,TROYES,FRANCE. UNIV LIVERPOOL,LIVERPOOL SCH TROP MED,LIVERPOOL L3 5QA,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. HOP HAUTS CLOS TROYES,F-100000 TROYES,FRANCE. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI IRVINE PA 3 BURROUGHSDR, IRVINE, CA 92618-2804 SN 0094-4904 J9 CANINE PRACT JI Canine Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XP400 UT WOS:A1997XP40000005 ER PT J AU Hazelton, JL Chung, OK Eastman, JJ Lang, CE McCluskey, PJ Miller, RA Shipman, MA Walker, CE AF Hazelton, JL Chung, OK Eastman, JJ Lang, CE McCluskey, PJ Miller, RA Shipman, MA Walker, CE TI Regression equation for predicting absorption for 2-g direct drive mixograph SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. AMER INST BAKING,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Hazelton, JL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 400 EP 402 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.4.400 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XM049 UT WOS:A1997XM04900009 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Moore, WR AF Doehlert, DC Moore, WR TI Composition of oat bran and flour prepared by three different mechanisms of dry milling SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONS; GLUCAN; BARLEY AB Three mechanisms of oat milling were tested for laboratory-scale oat bran production. Oat bran consistent with AACC definition and commercially obtained product was generated with either roller-milling or impact-milling of greats, followed by sieving to retain larger particles. These bran preparations were enriched approximate to 1.7-fold in beta-glucan and ash, 1.4-fold in protein, and 1.1-fold in lipid. Bran finishing made further enrichments in protein, beta-glucan, and ash. Tempering oat (to 12% moisture for 20 min) improved bran yield from roller-milling nearly two-fold but had little effect on bran composition. Bran yield from the impact-type mill was significantly affected by grinding screen size. Oat bran obtained from a pearling mill was only slightly enriched in beta-glucan and protein, but it was more heavily enriched in ash and oil than brans from roller or impact mills. The pearling mill isolated the outer layers of the great directly, but because of its low beta-glucan composition it did not meet the AACC definition of oat bran, indicating a relatively uniform distribution of beta-glucan in the great. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HARD RED SPRING & DURUM WHEAT QUAL LAB,HARRIS HALL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.4.403 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XM049 UT WOS:A1997XM04900010 ER PT J AU Pollak, LM White, PJ AF Pollak, LM White, PJ TI Thermal starch properties in corn belt and exotic corn inbred lines and their crosses SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ENDOSPERM MUTANTS; MAIZE GENOTYPES; GELATINIZATION; BEHAVIOR; HEAT AB More knowledge is needed about variability of starch functional traits in adapted and exotic germplasm and possible genetic effects of these traits before conducting rigorous inheritance studies and breeding programs for starch quality. We studied and compared the range of variability for starch functional traits in a set of Corn Belt inbred lines with a set of exotic inbred lines from Argentina, Uruguay, and South Africa. Reciprocal hybrids of some of the lines within each set were compared with their parents. Functional traits were examined by using differential scanning calorimetry on starch extracted from single kernels of genotypes. The set of Corn Belt lines had a wider range of values for most traits than did the set of exotic lines. For both sets of lines, the maximum value for peak height index was as high as that previously reported for the waxy endosperm mutant. Although the Corn Belt lines exhibited a wider range of values for range of retrogradation than the exotic lines, the exotic lines showed a wider range of values for percentage retrogradation. Hybrid values were not consistently higher, lower, midpoint, or similar with respect to the values of their parents. This was true regardless of germ-plasm type or functional trait. Reciprocal cross values showed trends suggesting reciprocal differences, although there was no trend suggesting greater effect of the female parent. These traits seem to be controlled by many modifying effects in addition to major effects. Results indicate that sufficient variability exists in Corn Belt germplasm to conduct breeding and inheritance studies effectively and that there should be potential for breeding for functional traits. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,CORN INSECTS & CROP GENET RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.4.412 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XM049 UT WOS:A1997XM04900012 ER PT J AU Knutson, CA AF Knutson, CA TI Use of phenol sulfuric acid assay to determine composition of starch-oil composites SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article RP Knutson, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOMAT PROC RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.4.471 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XM049 UT WOS:A1997XM04900023 ER PT J AU Jarvenpaa, EP Taylor, SL King, JW Huopalahti, R AF Jarvenpaa, EP Taylor, SL King, JW Huopalahti, R TI The use of supercritical fluid extraction for the determination of 4-deoxynivalenol in grains: The effect of the sample clean-up and analytical methods on quantitative results SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; column liquid chromatography; cleanup; deoxynivalenol in cereals; immunoassay ID TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; AFLATOXIN-B1; WHEAT; CEREALS; FEEDS AB Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium molds in grains. Polar cosolvents in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) are needed to extract and isolate the polar DON moiety. This unfortunately results in the extraction of many interfering compounds from the grains into the extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Analysis of DON by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultraviolet detection (UV) does not provide a specific detection method, although specific detection of DON can be enhanced by using purification steps after SFE. Alternatively, combining SFE with an immunoaffinity method can improve detection specificity and sample cleanup. In this study, SFE was employed to determine DON in grains and cereal products. The effectiveness of the SFE method was compared with two different solvent extraction methods. The extracted DON was quantitatively determined by HPLC-UV using external standardization or competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In some cases, extracts were purified prior to quantitative analysis of the CION by using solvent partitioning, and/or solid phase extraction, or immunoaffinity columns. Therefore, this paper describes the analysis of DON in cereals using different extraction, cleanup and analysis methods. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV TURKU,DEPT BIOCHEM & FOOD CHEM,FOOD CHEM LAB,SF-20500 TURKU,FINLAND. RI Jarvenpaa, Eila/D-9679-2013 OI Jarvenpaa, Eila/0000-0002-4008-841X NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF02490927 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA XM516 UT WOS:A1997XM51600005 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Cardwell, VB Ciha, AJ Wilhelm, WW AF Frank, AB Cardwell, VB Ciha, AJ Wilhelm, WW TI Growth staging in research and crop management SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID DECIMAL CODE; MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; QUALITY; CEREALS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. CEREGEN,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1040 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500001 ER PT J AU Robinson, M Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC AF Robinson, M Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC TI Root-knot nematode resistance of F-2 cotton hybrids from crosses of resistant germplasm and commercial cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOST-PLANT GERMPLASM; COMBINING ABILITY; F2 HYBRIDS; HETEROSIS AB The southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, is a major pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A high level of resistance has been identified in eight germplasm lines; however, these lines are not as productive in yield as current cultivars. This study was conducted to determine the possibility of using F-2 populations from crosses of these RKN resistant germplasm lines with five current cultivars as a means of combining RKN resistance with high yield potential. Two F-2 populations were evaluated for their level of nematode resistance. Resistance in these F-2 populations was greater than the cultivar parents but less than the RKN resistant germplasm parents. The resistance level of the F-2 population, however, was nearer the germplasm parent than the cultivar parent, indicating that the F-2 hybrids possess a useful level of resistance. Yield and fiber properties among the F-2 hybrids indicated that by careful selection of parents, F-2 populations that were equal in yield and fiber quality to the best of the cultivar parents could be produced. Results of this study indicate that F-2 populations may provide a rapid way to combine high levels of RKN resistance with the higher yield and superior fiber properties of current cultivars. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1046 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500002 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Carlson, IT Berg, CC Sleper, DA Barker, RE AF Casler, MD Carlson, IT Berg, CC Sleper, DA Barker, RE TI Convergent-divergent selection for seed production and forage traits in orchardgrass .1. Direct selection responses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Simultaneous improvement of forage traits and seed yield in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has been problematic because of geographic separation of forage and seed production locations. Most attempts to simultaneously improve both Forage and seed traits have relied on a single location. The objective of this study was to conduct and evaluate two cycles of convergent-divergent (CID) and local selection for panicle seed weight (PSW) and forage traits. Selection was conducted at four locations (Ames, IA; Mount Vernon, MO; Rock Springs, PA; and Arlington, WI) in four base populations (I79DT, MO2, PLS4, and WO11). Phenotypic selection on a spaced-plant basis was applied at a 0.25 selection intensity for forage traits, followed by a 0.25 selection intensity for PSW. All populations were evaluated as spaced plants at the Iowa and Pennsylvania locations in 1990 and 1991. Both selection methods were equally effective at increasing PSW, with responses averaging 1.0 to 18.2% cycle(-1). Realized heritabilities for PSW were highly variable among the four populations (mean of 0.03-0.23) and were lower for Cycle 2 than for Cycle 1 (mean of 0.02 vs. 0.16). For C/D selection, IA, MO, PA, and WI selection locations increased PSW by 25, 39, 94, and 33 mg panicle(-1) respectively. Three of the four populations had significant genetic changes of 2 to 4 d later heading, despite no direct selection pressure for heading date. There were very few significant and biologically meaningful genotype x location interactions for any trait. Therefore, neither selection method resulted in plants with differential adaptation when evaluated as spaced plants. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1053 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500003 ER PT J AU Barker, RE Casler, MD Carlson, IT Berg, CC Sleper, DA Young, WC AF Barker, RE Casler, MD Carlson, IT Berg, CC Sleper, DA Young, WC TI Convergent divergent selection for seed production and forage traits in orchardgrass .2. Seed yield response in Oregon SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOLIUM-PERENNE L; SPACED-PLANT TRAITS; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERS; TALL FESCUE AB More than 90% of U.S. production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) seed occurs in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. However, breeders in forage-producing regions are unable to effectively select for Pacific Northwest seed yield by direct selection in their environment. This study was undertaken to determine if selection for broad adaptation for seed yield within forage-producing regions could maintain commercially adequate seed production when grown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Two cycles of convergent-divergent (C/D) selection were conducted and the resulting populations were evaluated for 2 yr in Oregon, The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates grown in the field on a Woodburn silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll, on 0-3% slopes) soil. Panicle seed weight (PSW) was the selection criterion for seed production. Except for the WO11 population, PSW remained unchanged when the selected and original populations were grown in Oregon. Both C/D and local selection methods resulted in decreased PSW in WO11. However, total seed yield (TSY) increased 163 acid 111 kg ha(-1) cycle(-1) for the MO2 and WO11 populations, respectively, from C/D selection. Populational buffering for TSY appeared to be present in these two populations because single-location selection at each of four sites was ineffective in increasing TSY as measured in Oregon, Total seed yield of I79DT and PLS4 was not changed by either C/D or local selection. A shift toward later maturity occurred in three of the four populations as a result of either CID or local selection. A population selected from WO11 was both as late maturing and as high yielding as the latest-maturing and highest-yielding cultivars tested. Multiple-location selection, such as C/D selection, can effectively accumulate genes for broad adaptation making it possible to achieve high seed yields concomitantly with later maturity. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Barker, RE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1059 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500004 ER PT J AU Zhang, TZ Pan, JJ Xiao, SH Kobel, RJ AF Zhang, TZ Pan, JJ Xiao, SH Kobel, RJ TI Interaction of virescent genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L): Chlorophyll content SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The interactions between the virescent genes nu(2) and nu(14) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were determined and compared with other virescent genes. Single crosses were made among various virescent lines, and the progenies were tested from 1991 to 1994. Allelic tests established that nu(2) and nu(14) were nonallelic, but their F-1 hybrid plants were virescent, with phenotypic expression and chlorophyll content intermediate between the parents. In the F-2 population, plants segregated into classes with various degrees of virescent expression - from green, parental virescents, deep yellow, to chlorotic types with extremely low vigor. The chlorophyll content of functional leaves on the deep-yellow type (0.54-0.56) was less than one-half that of the parental virescent types (1.13-1.43). The interaction effect between nu(2) and nu(14) was prominently reflected in the reduced content of C-b and the high C-a/b ratio of the deep-yellow type. This complementary function can be due to the nondiploidized function of homoeologous loci of the G. hirsutum allotetraploid. C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,CROP GERMPLASM RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NANJING AGR COLL,COTTON GENET & BREEDING RES LAB,NANJING 210095,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1126 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500015 ER PT J AU Bachman, MS Nickell, CD Stephens, PA Nickell, AD Gray, LE AF Bachman, MS Nickell, CD Stephens, PA Nickell, AD Gray, LE TI The effect of Rbs2 on yield of soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM ROT RESISTANCE; BROWN; REGISTRATION; GREENHOUSE AB Brown stem rot (BSR), caused by Phialophora gregata (Allington & Chamberlain) W. Gams, is a vascular-foliar soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease of the north central USA. Although yield comparisons have been made between susceptible and resistant lines, no study has evaluated yield differences between near-isogenic lines differing in brown stem rot reaction, The objective of this study was to compare brown stem rot resistant and brown stem rot susceptible near-isogenic lines for yield and other agronomic traits. In this study, five pairs of near-isogenic lines for the Rbs2 resistance gene were grown at six locations in Illinois in 1994 and nine locations in Illinois in 1995, relying on natural infection with P. gregata. Near-isogenic lines were evaluated for disease incidence (percentage of plants exhibiting brown stem rot foliar symptoms) and disease severity (degree of foliar chlorosis-necrosis) in late August and harvested in September and October, At seven locations with 13% or greater incidence of brown stem rot, a 10.6% yield advantage was associated with the resistance gene, Rbs2. At eight locations with less than 3% incidence of brown stem rot, there was no yield difference between resistant and susceptible near-isogenic lines. These results indicate that Rbs2 prevents yield loss in the presence of brown stem rot. C1 PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,LA SALLE,IL 61301. ASGROW SEED CO,JANESVILLE,WI 53546. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,CHICAGO,IL 60680. RP Bachman, MS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1151 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500019 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Goth, RW Young, RJ AF Haynes, KG Goth, RW Young, RJ TI Genotype x environment interactions for resistance to common scab in tetraploid potato SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-SCABIES; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; HERITABILITY; TUBERS AB Common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria, is an economically important potato disease. Tubers from susceptible plants may have superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. Quantitative methods to evaluate tubers for the amount of surface area covered (Al) and the type of lesion (LI) have previously been developed. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate broad-sense heritability on a mean basis for scab resistance in a tetraploid population of Solanum tuberosum for AI and LI, (ii) determine the importance of genotype x environment interactions on AI and LI, and (iii) determine the stability of potato genotypes for scab resistance. In 1992 and 1993, 23 potato clones were grown in replicated scab-infested field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and Cranesville, WV, and rated for AI and LI, There were significant environment, genotype, and genotype x environment effects for AI and LI. Broad-sense heritabilities on a mean basis and their exact 95% confidence intervals for Al and LI were estimated as 0.89 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.93 (0.86, 0.97), respectively. Shukla's stability-variance statistics indicated that the most scab resistant genotypes were the most unstable, whereas, the most susceptible genotypes were the most stable, Thus, disease pressure was intense. Moderate levels of scab resistance were found. However, to obtain genotypes with high levels of scab resistance that are stable across environments will probably require development of populations incorporating new sources of scab resistant germplasm. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1167 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500023 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE AF Lingle, SE TI Seasonal internode development and sugar metabolism in sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE ACCUMULATION; SYNTHASE; GROWTH AB The profile of sugar concentration along the stalk of sugarcane (Saccharum sp, hybrids) varies during the growing season and between cultivars. This study was conducted to determine how sucrose accumulation and metabolism in storage tissue changes with development, how sucrose metabolism changes as the growing season advances, and if differences in sugar cleavage could be detected between an early cultivar, CP70-324, and a late cultivar, TCP81-3058. Elongating internodes of both cultivars were tagged at intervals from July to October during 1993 and 1994 in field plots near Mercedes, TX, The tagged internodes were periodically sampled during their development, and sugars and enzymes of sucrose cleavage, sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase, and neutral invertase, were assayed. Internodes which developed later in the growing season were shorter and accumulated less dry weight than those that developed earlier, Total sugar and sucrose concentrations in the late internodes approached those of early internodes as they matured, Water content of all internodes decreased from about 900 to about 720 g kg(-1) during development; late internodes reached this low water content in less heat units than did early internodes. Activities of SS and both invertases were greatest in the youngest internodes. SS activity decreased with internode age to a steady state of 1.5 to 2 mu mol mg(-1) protein h(-1), while acid invertase activity decreased to about 0.5 to 0.8 mu mol mg(-1) protein h(-1). Neutral invertase activity was highly variable both among internodes of the same age and between sampling dates. No significant differences in sugar concentrations or enzyme activities were observed between the cultivars. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2143 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1227 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500032 ER PT J AU Harper, JE Corrigan, KA Barbera, AC AbdAlla, MH AF Harper, JE Corrigan, KA Barbera, AC AbdAlla, MH TI Hypermodulation of soybean, mung bean, and hyacinth bean is controlled by a common shoot signal SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX L; WILD-TYPE; NODULATION; MUTANTS; SUPERNODULATION; GRAFTS AB Identification of commonality of nodulation control among legumes will facilitate progress in improving symbiotic N-2 fixation in agricultural systems. Interspecies grafts between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), or soybean and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.), were made to evaluate whether a common translocatable signal controls expression of hypernodulation among legume species, Grafting of a 'NOD1-3' (hypernodulating soybean) shoot to roots of mung bean or hyacinth bean resulted in hypernodulation, a 4.1-fold increase in nodule number for mung bean, and a 2.7- to 5.5-fold increase (depending on bacterial strain) in nodule number for hyacinth bean, relative to self-grafted mung bean or hyacinth bean, respectively. 'Williams 82' shoots doubled nodule number when grafted to mung bean roots, but had no effect on nodulation when grafted to hyacinth bean roots, Symbiotic N-2 fixation (as measured by nitrogen accumulation in the plant) by nodulated mung bean roots was enhanced by 67% when grafted to Williams 82 and by 78% when grafted to NOD1-3 soybean shoots, compared with self-grafted mung bean plants, Grafting soybean shoots to hyacinth bean roots positively affected symbiotic N-2 fixation (9-40% depending on bacterial strain), but the magnitude was less than observed when mung bean roots were grafted to soybean shoots. It was concluded that control of hypernodulation expression by a shoot-transmissible factor is common among soybean, mung bean, and hyacinth bean, Seed were obtained from reciprocal grafts between soybean and mung bean to test for bacterial specificity for infection and nodule development. Seedling progeny from the reciprocal mung bean-soybean grafts were not altered in terms of bacterial specificity for nodulation. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV CATANIA,INST AGRON,I-95123 CATANIA,ITALY. ASSIUT UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BOT,ASSIUT 71516,EGYPT. RP Harper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,1201 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1242 EP 1246 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500035 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Smith, RR Alderman, SC AF Steiner, JJ Smith, RR Alderman, SC TI Red clover seed production .4. Root rot resistance under forage and seed production systems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in the USA, Canada, and northern and eastern Europe. The effects of root rot resistance of six improved cultivars and three regionally adapted ecotypes on forage and seed yield under typical production systems in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, were measured. The relationship of cultivar flowering capacity to seed yield was also measured, The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the benefits of using improved cultivars instead of locally adapted ecotypes in Wisconsin forage production systems; (ii) determine whether selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin benefits seed production systems in Oregon; and (iii) identify strategies to increase seed yields in cultivars with improved persistence and high forage yields. Forage and seed yields were inversely related in all improved cultivars except Kenland, which had lower forage yield than the other improved cultivars and the same yield as the three local Wisconsin and Oregon ecotypes, The local ecotypes produced the highest seed yield because of a greater flower producing capacity than improved cultivars following spring forage removal. Seed yield was highly associated with the number of flowers produced by late July (r = 0.87; P less than or equal to 0.002), Selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin did not benefit seed production in Oregon, Improvement in seed yield capacity of cultivars with high forage yield may be possible by selecting for rapid flowering after spring forage removal in the western Oregon seed production region. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE & TURF SEED RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1278 EP 1282 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500042 ER PT J AU Panciera, MT Krause, CR AF Panciera, MT Krause, CR TI Effects of chemical drying agents on the fine structure of alfalfa cuticles and epicuticular waxes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED CUTICULAR MEMBRANES; WATER PERMEABILITY; LUCERNE; CUT; POTASSIUM; DIFFUSION; PH AB Chemical drying agents reduce the curing time of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), but mechanisms have not been defined to explain this reduction. This study was conducted to define the physical effects of drying agents on alfalfa stem surfaces and to determine the distribution of applied cations on the stems. Field-grown alfalfa was treated with water and nine solutions consisting of all possible combinations of three cations (Na+, K+, Cs+) and three anions (C2H3O2-, CO32-, OH-). Following treatment application, plants were air-dried under ambient conditions, stem samples excised and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA). Epicuticular waxes were removed with chloroform on one set of samples to allow observation of the cuticle. All nine treatments reduced drying time relative to the control. Based on SEM observations, treatment with C2H3O2- compounds resulted in large cracks in epicuticular waxes and the cuticle, while CO32- and OH- treatments altered wax texture and caused pitting of the cuticle. Cesium was detected on the Cs-treated samples with EDXA and its distribution was uniform over the stem surface. Drying agents affected the physical structure of alfalfa epicuticular waxes and cuticles, but treatments that produced the most subtle physical changes caused the greatest reductions in drying times. These observations do not support extensive wax removal, wax platelet reorientation, or inhibition of stomatal closure as mechanisms of increased drying rates. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP Panciera, MT (reprint author), ALASKA AGR EXP STN,PALMER,AK 99645, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1296 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500044 ER PT J AU Burson, BL AF Burson, BL TI Apomixis and sexuality in some Paspalum species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DALLISGRASS AB Paspalum is a large genus that contains several important forage and turf grasses. Little or no information is available concerning the cytology and reproductive behavior of many of these species. The objectives of this study were to determine the cytology, method of reproduction, and fertility of accessions of eight different Paspalum species. Paspalum modestum Mez., P. monostachyum Vasey, P. repens Bergius, and one P. alcalinum Mez. accession were sexual diploids with 2n = 2x = 20 chromosomes. Meiosis was regular with primarily bivalent pairing. Even though P. modestum was sexual, the female gametophyte deteriorated in 43% of the ovules. Two P. alcalinum, one P. falcatum Nees, two P. paucifolium Swallen, three P. polyphyllum Nees, and one P. unispicatum (Scribn. et Merr.) Nash accessions were tetraploids with 2n = 4x = 40 chromosomes. During meiosis their chromosomes associated primarily as bivalents, quadrivalents, and univalents. Regardless of the species, all tetraploids were facultative aposporous apomicts. One P. alcalinum accession was a pentaploid with 50 chromosomes. Meiosis was irregular with the chromosomes associating as univalents, bivalents, trivalents, and quadrivalents. This accession reproduced as an obligate aposporous apomict. Seed set in P. modestum and P. monostachyum was very low but was high enough in the other species that they could be propagated by seed. These findings demonstrate the cytological and reproductive diversity within this large complex genus. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP GERMPLASM RES UNIT,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1351 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500052 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Dewald, CL AF Kindiger, B Dewald, CL TI The reproductive versatility of eastern gamagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES POACEAE; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; MAIZE; GENOME; GRAMINEAE; GERMPLASM; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISMS; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], a native, warm-season species, is a nutritious and palatable forage for grazing livestock. The grass has potential for rangeland and pasture improvement. This field study was conducted over 10 yr and one location to determine the reproductive characteristics of the various cytotypes of Tripsacum and identify methods for breeding agronomically superior cultivars. Intra- and interspecific crosses were made and evaluated between several Tripsacum cytotypes. Cytological and polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) techniques a ere used to identify methods of reproduction and types of individuals generated. Results of the study identified two methods for facilitating horizontal gene flow among sexual and apomictic cytotypes. Materials with triploid and hexaploid constitutions were essential in the movement of sexual germplasm into apomictic tetraploids and of tetraploid germplasm into sexual diploids, respectively. Triploids and hexaploids were useful materials to introgress and transfer desirable alleles across species, cytotypes, and reproductive barriers. In addition, the generation of triploid and hexaploid genotypes will continue to exert major influences on Tripsacum evolution and speciation. This study identified additional methods and systems for improving Tripsacum germplasm by utilizing its distant relative maize (Zea mays L.) in a breeding or genetic evaluation program. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 77 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1351 EP 1360 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500053 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK Halgerson, JL AF Jung, HG Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK Halgerson, JL TI Forage quality variation in the US alfalfa core collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; GENETIC-VARIATION; DEGRADABILITY; LIGNIN; SELECTION AB Alfalfa (Medicago sp.) is the most important perennial forage crop in the USA. The cultivars currently grown commercially are based on a limited and intermixed set of germplasm. Our objective was to survey the genetic variation in leaf and stem quality in the crop by analyzing the core collection of the U.S. alfalfa plant introductions. The 200 plant introductions of the core were planted at Rosemount, MN, in 1991 and 190 entries were sampled at flowering in 1992. Sixty-one entries were re-sampled in 1993. Leaf and stem tissues were analyzed separately for crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF, respectively), acid detergent lignin, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), and ficin degradable CP (FDCP). Additionally, stems were analyzed for cellulose concentration and enzymatic degradability, 24- and 96-h in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), and lignin composition. For all forage quality traits, significant variation was found among the plant introductions. Concentration of NDF varied widely for leaves among entries, but relatively little variation occurred in stem NDF. The opposite trend occurred for IVDMD which varied more in stem material than leaves. This result was attributed to the high degree of variation in stem IVNDFD among the plant introductions. Stem FDCP was among the more variable traits measured. Quality traits of four contemporary check cultivars included in the trial were never as high or low as the extremes observed among the plant introductions. Significant sampling gear effects were observed for most quality traits, but year x entry interactions were minimal. Concentration of NDF and IVDMD had significant negative correlations between leaf and stem values. In general, if leaf or stem quality was high, then the quality of the other plant part was low although this correlation was not large. Significant variation in forage quality traits exists in the U.S. alfalfa germplasm collection that could be used to improve the quality of commercial cultivars. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1366 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500054 ER PT J AU VanToai, TT Peng, JQ StMartin, SK AF VanToai, TT Peng, JQ StMartin, SK TI Using AFLP markers to determine the genomic contribution of parents to populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DNA; CULTIVARS AB Estimates of proportions of parental contribution to germplasm populations are useful to breeders. The objective of this research was to assess the ability of amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to characterize the contributions of the original parents to later cycles of a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] population that had undergone recurrent selection, Use of four primer pairs yielded a total of 47 polymorphic bands, Estimates of parental contribution were consistent between primer pairs and between cycles and conformed to those expected based on pedigrees. Standard errors of estimates were 3 to 5%, indicating satisfactory precision. The AFLP markers should provide relatively inexpensive, precise estimates of parental contribution. This marker system may also be useful in tracking genetic changes in populations. C1 DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. SHANDONG ACAD AGR SCI,JINAN 250100,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1373 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500056 ER PT J AU Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Frickel, GE Anderson, RL AF Baltensperger, DD Nelson, LA Frickel, GE Anderson, RL TI Registration of 'Sunrise' proso millet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,AKRON,CO 80720. RP Baltensperger, DD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,PANHANDLE RES & EXT CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE 69361, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500061 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Tai, PYP Glaz, B Deren, CW Shine, JM Comstock, JC AF Miller, JD Tai, PYP Glaz, B Deren, CW Shine, JM Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 88-1508' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1387 EP 1387 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500073 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW Hill, GM Gates, RN Wilson, JP Burton, GW AF Hanna, WW Hill, GM Gates, RN Wilson, JP Burton, GW TI Registration of 'Tifleaf 3' pearl millet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1388 EP 1388 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500075 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Shine, JM Deren, CW Glaz, B Miller, JD Comstock, JC AF Tai, PYP Shine, JM Deren, CW Glaz, B Miller, JD Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 88-1762' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE INC,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. NR 3 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1388 EP 1388 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500074 ER PT J AU Rosenow, DT Dahlberg, JA Peterson, GC Clark, LE Miller, FR SotomayorRios, A Hamburger, AJ MaderaTorres, P QuilesBelen, A Woodfin, CA AF Rosenow, DT Dahlberg, JA Peterson, GC Clark, LE Miller, FR SotomayorRios, A Hamburger, AJ MaderaTorres, P QuilesBelen, A Woodfin, CA TI Registration of fifty converted sorghums from the sorghum conversion program SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,TARS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. TAES,VERNON,TX 76385. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TAES,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1397 EP 1398 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500089 ER PT J AU Rosenow, DT Dahlberg, JA Stephens, JC Miller, FR Barnes, DK Peterson, GC Johnson, JW Schertz, KF AF Rosenow, DT Dahlberg, JA Stephens, JC Miller, FR Barnes, DK Peterson, GC Johnson, JW Schertz, KF TI Registration of 63 converted sorghum germplasm lines from the Sorghum Conversion Program SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,TARS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. TAES,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. USDA ARS,CHILLICOTHE,TX. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55105. NOVARTIS NORTHRUP KING,VICTORIA,TX 77905. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1399 EP 1400 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500090 ER PT J AU Hallauer, AR Lamkey, KR White, PR AF Hallauer, AR Lamkey, KR White, PR TI Registration of five inbred lines of maize: B102, B103, B104, B105, and B106 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; POPULATIONS C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1405 EP 1406 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500094 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW AF Hanna, WW TI Registration of Tift 93 pearl millet parental line SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1406 EP 1406 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500095 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ TI Registration of 29 forage sorghum genetic stocks in A3 cytoplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1408 EP 1409 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500096 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JP Toy, JJ Johnson, BE AF Pedersen, JP Toy, JJ Johnson, BE TI Registration of 21 sorghum genetic stocks with ms3ms3 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Pedersen, JP (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1410 EP 1411 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500098 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Mattern, PJ AF Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ Mattern, PJ TI Registration of five genetic stocks of wheat carrying null alleles at the Glu-D1 locus SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; GLUTENIN; QUALITY; PROTEIN; SUBUNIT C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,344 KEIM HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1411 EP 1411 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500099 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW AF Hanna, WW TI Registration of Tift 8593 pearl millet genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1412 EP 1412 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500100 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ Johnson, BE AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ Johnson, BE TI Registration of 43 sorghum genetic stocks in A2, A3, and A4 cytoplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; GERMPLASM; LINES C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1412 EP 1414 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XR885 UT WOS:A1997XR88500102 ER PT J AU McMurtry, JP Francis, GL Upton, Z AF McMurtry, JP Francis, GL Upton, Z TI Insulin-like growth factors in poultry SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review ID I IGF-I; FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; MUSCLE SATELLITE CELLS; MANNOSE 6-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR; HEART MESENCHYMAL CELLS; CHICK-EMBRYO CARTILAGE; YOUNG BROILER-CHICKENS; GROWING DOMESTIC-FOWL C1 COOPERAT RES CTR TISSUE GROWTH & REPAIR, ADELAIDE, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA. RP USDA, GROWTH BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Upton, Zee/I-9777-2012 NR 238 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 EI 1879-0054 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 199 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(97)00019-2 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XQ492 UT WOS:A1997XQ49200001 PM 9260060 ER PT J AU Matteri, RL Carroll, JA AF Matteri, RL Carroll, JA TI Somatotroph function in the neonatal pig SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; RAT PITUITARY; GROWING-PIGS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GH RESPONSE; SECRETION; ONTOGENY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate developmental changes in somatotroph function and related gene expression in neonatal pigs. Male piglets were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age (8/age group) for the collection of tissue and blood. Serum concentrations of GH were determined. Quantitations of mRNA were performed for pituitary Pit-1, GH, and GHRH receptor. Cultures of pituitary cells from each pig were stimulated with 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 nM GHRH; 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP; or 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. Elevated serum concentrations of GH were observed at 1 d of age, followed by a pronounced decrease to basal levels thereafter (P < 0.0001). A mild transient increase in circulating GH occurred at Day 28. In vitro GH secretion was significantly stimulated by secretagogue treatments (P < 0.0001). Age-related declines in in vitro GH secretion were observed regardless of if the cells were stimulated by GHRH or by secretagogues that bypass the GHRH receptor (P < 0.001). Similarly, cellular GH content varied with age (P = 0.01). Levels of pituitary GH mRNA (P = 0.01) and GHRH receptor mRNA (P = 0.0002) de:creased with age. The quantity of GHRH receptor mRNA was correlated with GH mRNA levels (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), serum GH concentrations (r = 0.55, P = 0.02), and in vitro GH secretion (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Pituitary Pit-1 mRNA levels at 7 and 14 d of age were significantly elevated relative to all other sampling times (P = 0.0002). Levels of Pit-1 and GH mRNAs were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P = 0.003). These results demonstrate a strong developmental regulation of somatotrophic function and related gene expression during the early neonatal period of the pig. Age-related decreases in secretory function may be mediated by concurrent mechanisms relating to the expression of the GHRH receptor and of GH. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP Matteri, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ANIM SCI RES CTR,ROOM S-143,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(97)00022-2 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XQ492 UT WOS:A1997XQ49200003 PM 9260062 ER PT J AU Braudrick, CA Grant, GE Ishikawa, Y Ikeda, H AF Braudrick, CA Grant, GE Ishikawa, Y Ikeda, H TI Dynamics of wood transport in streams: A flume experiment SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE large woody debris; wood transport; jam architecture; flume experiment ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; OLD-GROWTH; DEBRIS; SEDIMENT; CHANNEL; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY; FORESTS; OREGON; SIZE AB The influence of woody debris on channel morphology and aquatic habitat has been recognized for many years. Unlike sediment, however, little is known about how wood moves through river systems. We examined some dynamics of wood transport in streams through a series of flume experiments and observed three distinct wood transport regimes: uncongested, congested and semi-congested. During uncongested transport, logs move without piece-to-piece interactions and generally occupy less than 10 per cent of the channel area. In congested transport, the logs move together as a single mass and occupy more than 33 per cent of the channel area. Semi-congested transport is intermediate between these two transport regimes. The type of transport regime was most sensitive to changes in a dimensionless input rate, defined as the ratio of log volume delivered to the channel per second (Q(log)) to discharge (Q(log)); this ratio varied between 0.015 for uncongested transport and 0.20 for congested transport. Depositional fabrics within stable log jams varied by transport type, with deposits derived from uncongested and semi-congested transport regimes having a higher proportion of pieces oriented normal to flow than those derived from congested transport. Because wood input rates are higher and channel dimensions decrease relative to piece size in low-order channels, we expect congested transport will be more common in low-order streams while uncongested transport will dominate higher-order streams. Single flotation models can be used to model the stability of individual pieces, especially in higher-order channels, but are insufficient for modelling the more complex interactions that occur in lower-order streams. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. PUBL WORKS RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI,JAPAN. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP Braudrick, CA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 36 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 22 IS 7 BP 669 EP 683 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA XL926 UT WOS:A1997XL92600005 ER PT J AU North, M Trappe, J Franklin, J AF North, M Trappe, J Franklin, J TI Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific northwest forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elaphomyces granulatus; epigeous fungi; exclosures; hypogeous sporocarps; mycophagy; northern flying squirrel; old growth; small mammals; truffles ID NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; OREGON; YOUNG; PLANTATIONS; NETHERLANDS; MYCOPHAGY AB Although fungal fruiting bodies are a common food supplement for many forest animals and an important dietary staple for several small mammals, changes in their abundance and consumption with forest succession or disturbance have not been quantified. Above- and belowground fungal fruiting bodies (epigeous and hypogeous sporocarps) were sampled for 46 mo in managed-young, natural-mature, and old-growth western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) stands in Washington State. Screen exclosures were placed over the surface of half of the sample plots to prevent aboveground predation of sporocarps. Standing crop of epigeous sporocarps was low in most seasons and then increased 30-fold to a mean of 2.28 kg/ha in the fall. Epigeous biomass varied little between stand types, and animal consumption of these sporocarps was low. Standing crop of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.78 kg/ha in managed-young stands, compared to 4.51 and 4.02 kg/ha in natural-mature and old-growth stands. In all stands, standing crop peaked in the summer and was lowest in the winter. Mean animal consumption of hypogeous sporocarps was 0.64 kg/ha, a value that exceeded the available standing crop quantity of 0.36 kg/ha in managed-young stands during the winter. In natural-mature and old-growth stands, truffle biomass remained high year-round and exceeded consumption in all seasons. Low hypogeous sporocarp biomass in the managed-young stands resulted from the general absence of large clusters of Elaphomyces granulatus, which made up >90% of the biomass in older stands. This absence in managed-young stands may be associated with the thin organic layer that has developed following harvest and burning 60 yr ago. The consistent level of animal consumption indicates that truffles may be an important and readily available year-round food source, compared to the ephemeral fruiting of epigeous sporocarps. Changes in forest composition and age due to natural disturbance or human management influence fungal sporocarp productivity and diversity and, consequently, affect food availability for animals dependent on hypogeous sporocarps. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL FOREST RESOURCES, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), USDA FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, FRESNO, CA 93710 USA. NR 70 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1554 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1543:SCAACO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK929 UT WOS:A1997XK92900024 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, JB TI Special-purpose legume genetic resources conserved for agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical use SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE agricultural, industrial, pharmaceutical use; legumes ID MUCUNA-PRURIENS; CELL-CULTURES; L-CANAVANINE; L-DOPA; PLANTS AB To help feed, clothe, house, improve land productivity, confront difficult resource necessities, and stabilize ravaged land resources through reforestation, there is need for a revitalized worldwide assessment of little-known legume species. Many legumes produce economically important organic compounds such as gums, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, phytochemicals, and many specialty products. However, most legumes have never been or have just begun to be studied for phytochemical or biologically active components, and new reservoirs of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Not only could these legumes provide healthier and a more secure food supply for Third World countries, but they can protect fragile soil resources where erosion now threatens tragedy. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA,AGR RES SERV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1007/BF02862094 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XX870 UT WOS:A1997XX87000004 ER PT J AU Buta, JG Qi, L Wang, CY AF Buta, JG Qi, L Wang, CY TI Fourier transform infrared spectra of zucchini squash stored at chilling or non-chilling temperatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbita pepo; chilling injury; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; zucchini squash ID INJURY AB Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that might be suitable. Buta J.G., Qi L. and Wang, C.Y. Fourier transform infrared spectra of zucchini squash stored at chilling or non-chilling temperatures. Environmental and Experimental Botany 38, 1-6, 1997.-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate spectral changes in the epidermis of zucchini squash resulting from low temperature storage-chilling (5 degrees C) or non-chilling (15 degrees C). Increased levels of fluid (water) were found in the tissue after 2 days of 5 degrees C storage. This increase was reversed to harvest levels when chilled squash were warmed to room temperature for 1 day. After 3 days at 5 degrees C and 1 day at room temperature, a further increase in fluid levels was found in the epidermis. Squash chilled for 3 days were apparently beyond recovery as indicated by spectral changes, although visual symptoms of chilling injury were not apparent until another 3 days of exposure to 5 degrees C. Spectra of epidermis tissues from squash stored at 15 degrees C indicated a pattern of increased non-reversible fluid accumulation when storage was prolonged. These results suggest that FTIR spectroscopy may be a rapid way to detect changes in chilled tissues before the eventual appearance of visible symptoms. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Buta, JG (reprint author), ARS,JG BUTA HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,PSI,USDA,BLDG 002,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(96)01059-3 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YD336 UT WOS:A1997YD33600001 ER PT J AU Reddy, VR Wang, Z Reddy, KR AF Reddy, VR Wang, Z Reddy, KR TI Growth responses of cotton to aldicarb and temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE aldicarb; cotton; growth and development; soil depth; temperature ID PLANTING DATE; YIELD; PESTICIDE; CULTIVARS; FURROW AB Aldicarb, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime, is a systemic insecticide used extensively for early season insect control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The indirect effect of aldicarb on cotton due to insect control is well documented; however, much less is known regarding its direct effect on cotton growth and development. The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that aldicarb in the absence of insects imposes a direct effect on cotton growth and that aldicarb effectiveness on growth depends on temperature. Cotton plants (cv. Deltapine-50 and DES-119) were gown in outdoor sunlit plant growth chambers under five day/night temperatures (20/12, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27, and 40/32 degrees C). In one study, aldicarb at 0.56 kg ha(-1) was applied to soil at sowing. In a second study, aldicarb was first applied at a rate of 0.84 kg ha(-1) to soil at sowing and applied again at a rate of 2.24 kg ha(-1) at the stage of flower bud initiation as a side-dressing. Aldicarb increased early season vegetative growth of cotton plants grown at 25/17, 30/22, and 35/27 degrees C, but not for plants grown at 20/12 and 40/32 degrees C. Aldicarb also promoted the early formation of cotton flower buds at the five temperature regimes and increased the number of flowers at 30/22 degrees C. The treated plants had more growing roots, greater root length densities in the 61-80 cm soil depth, and higher root/shoot ratios than control plants at all temperatures. Our results showed that aldicarb promoted cotton earliness by enhancing growth rates and promoting the roots to grow deeper into soil. The responses of cotton to aldicarb depended on temperature, with a greater effect occurring at near optimum temperatures for cotton growth. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP Reddy, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 007,ROOM 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(96)01057-X PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YD336 UT WOS:A1997YD33600004 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Glenn, DM AF Feldhake, CM Glenn, DM TI Estimation of pasture drought severity using canopy red-to-far-red radiance SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE lysimeter; tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schhreb.); orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.); water stress; red-to-far-red ratio ID LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION; PLANT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHYTOCHROME; RESPONSES; INDEX; RATIO AB Reliable methods for quantifying the impact of drought on pasture leaf canopies in humid, temperate regions are not available. This study was conducted to determine the utility of the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance for estimating the evapotranspiration (ET) rate of water-limited pasture during drought. The hypothesis that the relationship between the ET and the red-to-far-red ratio of radiance is not linear was evaluated. The ET and spectral radiance were measured for orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) growing in large monolith weighing lysimeters at Kearneysville, WV. Drought was imposed using rain-exclusion shelters during periods of predicted rainfall. During the study period, the ET decreased to 0.14 and 0.23 of the potential rates for orchardgrass and tall fescue respectively. The process by which the canopies of the two grass species senesced in response to severe drought differed. Despite this difference, a single non-linear relationship effectively estimated the ET for both grass species from the red-to-far-red ratio of canopy radiance under midday sunlight. This relationship may be a useful tool for developing improved pasture management strategies and for hydrologic assessment in regions dominated by pasture. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,NAA,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NAA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 400,BEAVER,WV 25813, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(96)01054-4 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YD336 UT WOS:A1997YD33600008 ER PT J AU Manning, BA Goldberg, S AF Manning, BA Goldberg, S TI Adsorption and stability of arsenic(III) at the clay mineral-water interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; ARSENATE; ARSENITE; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; SELENIUM; SURFACE; BORON AB Adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite (As(III)) at the mineral-water interface are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment Numerous studies have concluded that As(II) is more soluble and mobile than arsenate (As(V)) in soils, though very little experimental work has demonstrated the differences in reactivity and stability of As(III) and As(V) at the mineral-water interface. In this investigation, As(III) adsorption on kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide (am-Al(OH)(3)) was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength and was compared with As(V) adsorption. High-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HPLC-HGAAS) was employed for direct determination of As(III) and As(V). In addition, surface complexation modeling was used to describe As(lll) and As(V) adsorption on the four minerals. It was revealed that alkaline solutions (pH > 9) without mineral solids caused homogeneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V). In addition, recovery of adsorbed As from As(III)-treated clay mineral solids showed that oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was enhanced by heterogeneous oxidation on kaolinite and illite surfaces. RP Manning, BA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US SALIN LAB,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 44 TC 384 Z9 406 U1 20 U2 152 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2005 EP 2011 DI 10.1021/es9608104 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300046 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Shigaev, VV AF Rice, CP Shigaev, VV TI Spatial distribution of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in the Bering and Chukchi Sea Shelf ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; AIR; TRANSPORT; OCEAN AB The spatial distribution of fields for alpha and gamma hexachlorocyclohexanes are described for the Bering/Chukchi Shelf ecosystem. Fields for the surface concentration of these isomers are defined that closely match the water mass structure of this region. The relative abundances for the alpha and gamma isomers were also excellent markers for the prevailing currents here. Water type groupings based on the percentage differences from respective mean values for the alpha and gamma concentrations represented water zones that accurately depicted the Anadyr Current and a Siberian Coastal Front, which originates along the upper Chukchi Peninsula. Values for the alpha/gamma ratios ranged from a low of 2.52 for the Pacific Water inputs for this region to a high of 9.36 for the Siberian coastal current water. This study demonstrates the importance of using marker chemicals like HCHs to identify ocean currents. C1 WILDLIFE INT LTD,EASTON,MD 21601. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 213,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2092 EP 2097 DI 10.1021/es9609258 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XH483 UT WOS:A1997XH48300059 ER PT J AU Riley, RT Showker, JL Owens, DL Ross, PF AF Riley, RT Showker, JL Owens, DL Ross, PF TI Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and induction of equine leukoencephalomalacia by Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B-2 or B-3 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium moniliforme; Fusarium proliferatum; sphingolipids; equine leukoencephalomalacia ID SPHINGOSINE RATIO; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGANINE; MONILIFORME; BIOMARKER; PONIES; FEEDS AB Fumonisin B-1, B-2, and B-3 are inhibitors of ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in the pathway for de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Corn, naturally contaminated with either predominantly fumonisin B-1 or pure fumonisin B-1, has been shown to cause equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM). It has been hypothesized that fumonisin-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early event in the development of ELEM. Recently, it was shown that Fusarium proliferatum corn culture diets containing predominantly fumonisin B-2, but not diets which were predominantly fumonisin B-3, at 75 ppm (0.75 mg/kg BW/day) caused hepatotoxicity and ELEM. Analysis of free sphingoid bases and complex sphingolipids in serum, liver, and kidney, revealed that both the fumonisin B-2 and B-3 diets caused significant disruption of sphingolipid metabolism, however, the fumonisin B-2 culture material diet was significantly more effective than the fumonisin B-3 culture material diet at disrupting sphingolipid metabolism and in causing hepatotoxicity and clinical signs indicative of the onset of ELEM. A significant increase in the ratio of free sphinganine to free sphingosine in serum was first evident at day 4 and 11 with the fumonisin B-2 and B-3 diets, respectively. Increase in serum enzymes indicative of liver toxicity was first evident at day 34 in ponies fed the fumonisin B-2 diet and clinical signs (head shaking, gait problems, and muscle tremors) were first observed at day 48. Ponies fed the fumonisin B-3 diets showed no increase in serum enzymes or clinical signs for as long as 65 days when the study with fumonisin B-3 was stopped. The results support the conclusion fumonisin B-2 is more effective than fumonisin B-3 in disrupting sphingolipid metabolism and induction of ELEM and liver injury in ponies. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(97)00015-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XM535 UT WOS:A1997XM53500008 PM 21781781 ER PT J AU Burton, JW AF Burton, JW TI Soyabean (Glycine max (L) Merr) SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SEED-FILLING PERIOD; RECURRENT SELECTION SCHEMES; SOYBEAN PLANT INTRODUCTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC MALE-STERILITY; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; SCREENING SOYBEANS; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; FIELD-EVALUATION RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 167 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 53 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00030-0 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XM278 UT WOS:A1997XM27800013 ER PT J AU Blankemeyer, JT White, JB Stringer, BK Friedman, M AF Blankemeyer, JT White, JB Stringer, BK Friedman, M TI Effect of alpha-tomatine and tomatidine on membrane potential of frog embryos and active transport of ions in frog skin SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS; CHACONINE; SOLANINE; ALKALOIDS; HYDROLYSIS; TOXICOLOGY; KINETICS AB alpha-Tomatine, a glycoside in which four carbohydrate residues are attached to the 3-OH group of the aglycone tomatidine, occurs naturally in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). The glycoalkaloid is reported to be involved in host-plant resistance against phytopathogens and to have a variety of pharmacological and toxicological properties in animals and humans. As part of an effort designed to establish the mechanism of action of glycoalkaloids in cells, frog embryos and frog skin were exposed to varying concentrations of alpha-tomatine and tomatidine. alpha-Tomatine increased the fluorescence-measured membrane permeability of frog embryos by about 600% compared with control values; the corresponding value for tomatidine was about 150%. alpha-Tomatine also diminished sodium-active transport in frog skin by about 16% compared with control values, as estimated from the change in the interstitial short-circuit current. Tomatidine had no effect on frog skin. As these findings complement similar results with glycoalkaloids from potatoes and eggplants, the fundamental mechanism governing their action both against fungi, insects and other phytopathogens and in animal and human cells may be disruption of cell membranes and changes in ion fluxes and interstitial currents of the membranes. The described methodologies should make it possible to define the relative potencies of both adverse and beneficial effects of glycoalkaloids and metabolites in cell membranes without the use of animals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Blankemeyer, JT (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOL GENET,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 639 EP 646 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00038-0 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA XU582 UT WOS:A1997XU58200001 PM 9301646 ER PT J AU Leak, WB Smith, ML AF Leak, WB Smith, ML TI Long-term species and structural changes after cleaning young even-aged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cleaning practices; hardwood; long-term species; structural changes AB The effects of four cleaning practices (including a control) on species composition and structural characteristics were studied over a 31-year period following treatment of an even-aged 25-year-old northern-hardwood stand that originated after complete clearcutting in 1933-1935. The treatments consisted of: a heavy and a light crop tree cleaning; a drastic species-cleaning treatment that removed nearly all pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and grandidentata Michx.), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) sprout clumps followed by a crop-tree cleaning; and an uncut control. There were no significant differences among treatments in species and structural characteristics in the 56-year-old stand at the end of the study period, except for the presence of a moderate aspen component in the light cleaning and the control. Although previous research shows that cleaning treatments in young northern hardwoods may have silvicultural and economic benefits, the impact of such treatments on long-term stand development is relatively minor. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00011-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XH312 UT WOS:A1997XH31200002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JE Popovich, SJ AF Mitchell, JE Popovich, SJ TI Effectiveness of basal area for estimating canopy cover of ponderosa pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE overstory-understory relationships; Rocky Mountains; ponderosa pine; basal area; canopy cover ID TIMBER; GROWTH; CROWN AB Basal area is commonly used as a measure of canopy cover when describing overstory-understory relationships in forest ecosystems. We evaluated basal area and a number of other biotic and abiotic variables from 61 stands along the Rocky Mountain Front Range to establish whether this procedure has scientific merit and ascertain whether other models might provide a more precise estimator. Only basal area was correlated to overstory canopy and that relationship broke down above a canopy cover of 60%. Quadratic and piecewise linear models both provided an adequate fit of data over all stands sampled, however, the latter was regarded as better because (1) it reflected the straight-line relationship found below 60% canopy cover and (2) it objectively estimated the change-over point from a positively correlated model to one of no correlation. Basal area explained about 83% of the variation in canopy cover in both models. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,SHOSHONE,ID 83352. RP Mitchell, JE (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,3825 E MULBERRY,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00002-9 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XH312 UT WOS:A1997XH31200005 ER PT J AU Camp, A Oliver, C Hessburg, P Everett, R AF Camp, A Oliver, C Hessburg, P Everett, R TI Predicting late-successional fire refugia pre-dating European settlement in the Wenatchee Mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation patterns; disturbance; refugia; landscape ecology; Washington Cascade Mountains; fire regimes ID FOREST; PATTERNS AB Fires occur frequently in dry forests of the Inland West. Fire effects vary across the landscape, reflecting topography, elevation, aspect, slope, soils, and vegetation attributes. Patches minimally affected by successive fires may be thought of as 'refugia', islands of older forest in a younger forest matrix. Refugia support species absent within the landscape matrix. Our goal was to predict the occurrence of pre-settlement refugia using physiographic and topographic variables. We evaluated 487 plots across a 47 000 ha landscape using three criteria to identify historical fire refugia: different structure from surrounding matrix; different fire regime from surrounding matrix; presence of old individuals of fire-intolerant tree species. Several combinations of aspect, elevation, and topography best predicted refugial presence. Less than 20% of the pre-settlement landscape was identified as historical fire refugia. Refugia were not connected except by younger stands within the matrix. Current management goals of increasing amounts and connectivity of old, refugia-like forests for the benefit of species associated with late-successional habitat increase the risk of insect and pathogen outbreaks and catastrophic wildfires. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Camp, A (reprint author), USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,WENATCHEE FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 40 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00006-6 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XH312 UT WOS:A1997XH31200007 ER PT J AU Adams, MB Angradi, TR Kochenderfer, JN AF Adams, MB Angradi, TR Kochenderfer, JN TI Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Frenow Experimental Forest, West Virginia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE N saturation; air pollution; calcium; nitrate; sulfate ID NUTRIENT RETENTION; HARDWOOD FOREST; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; ACIDIFICATION; SATURATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SULFATE; ACID; USA AB To examine the effects of elevated N and S inputs on a central hardwood forest, a whole-watershed acidification experiment was initiated in 1989 on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Annual experimental additions of 40 kg S ha(-1) year(-1) and 35 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) as ammonium sulfate fertilizer were applied to a 34 ha watershed with a 25-year-old stand of central Appalachian hardwoods. An adjacent watershed served as the control. After 5 years of treatment (total additions of 275 kg S ha(-1) and 220 kg N ha(-1)), stream water NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations and export increased. Soil solution concentrations provide evidence that the treatment watershed is nitro en saturated, which was unexpected for such a young stand. No statistically significant changes in annual SO42- export were observed, but peak stream water concentrations of SO42- did increase during the treatment period. Changes in soil solution chemistry suggest that the treated watershed also may be approaching SO42- saturation. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Adams, MB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03990-4 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XH312 UT WOS:A1997XH31200008 ER PT J AU Massey, JG Bowyer, JL Bratkovich, SM AF Massey, JG Bowyer, JL Bratkovich, SM TI New opportunities abound SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,ST PAUL,MN. RP Massey, JG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100005 ER PT J AU Aruna, PB Cubbage, F Lee, KJ Redmond, C AF Aruna, PB Cubbage, F Lee, KJ Redmond, C TI Regional economic contributions of the forest-based industries in the South SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Forest-based industries (including forestry) make substantial direct contributions to the economy of the South, as well as contributing to pleasant living conditions and environmental protection. As of 1992, about 633,000 persons were employed in forest-based industries, comprising 1.5 percent of all southern employment. Total wages amounted to $15 billion in 1990, or 1.7 percent of all wages paid. Forest-based value added, which is the best measure of total net contributions for all economic sectors, amounted to $32 billion in 1991. This comprised 1.9 percent of the $1,666 billion in gross state product for the southern states. The value of shipments from forest industries, which includes the value added contributed by other sectors as well as forestry, amounted to $70 billion. Multipliers were calculated using IMPLAN for industrial output, employment, value added, regional income, and personal income. They indicate that forest-based industries have substantial indirect and induced effects in the southern economy - up to two or three times the direct impact, depending on the state, sector, and economic measure. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27511. US FOREST SERV,USDA,ATLANTA,GA 30367. RP Aruna, PB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100007 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT Verrill, SP AF Simpson, WT Verrill, SP TI Estimating kiln schedules for tropical and temperate hardwoods using specific gravity SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many hardwood species, but many more, especially tropical species, do not have a recommended schedule. The study reported herein investigated the possibility of estimating kin schedules using specific gravity (SG). Using known schedules and SG data of 268 hardwood species, a classification approach and linear regression analysis were applied and compared to establish the relationships between kiln schedule code numbers and SG. In general, schedule predictions matched reasonably well with recommended schedules, but for some species, the differences were large. The classification approach was slightly superior to regression analysis in predictive ability. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100011 ER PT J AU Vick, CB AF Vick, CB TI Enhanced adhesion of melamine-urea and melamine adhesives to CCA-treated southern pine lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BONDS AB Thermosetting wood adhesives do not adhere well enough to wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservatives to consistently meet rigorous standards for resistance to delamination in structural laminated timbers. Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) are two such adhesives. Furthermore, MUF combinations are not acceptable for bonding to CCA-treated wood under the commercial standard ANSI/AITC A190.1-1992. However, this study demonstrated that a hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) coupling agent greatly enhances the durability of adhesion, particularly resistance to delamination, of both types of adhesives in radio-frequency-cured lumber laminates of CCA-treated southern pine. Although neither adhesive quite met delamination requirements in these tests, it appears that properly formulated MUF and MF adhesives could meet requirements of the qualifying standard ASTM D 2559 on HMR-primed CCA-treated wood. RP Vick, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100015 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Lebow, ST AF Winandy, JE Lebow, ST TI Effects of ammoniacal copper citrate preservative treatment and redrying on bending properties of two grades of southern pine 2 by 4 lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CCA; STRENGTH AB Ammoniacal copper citrate (CC) is a new preservative recently accepted in many American Wood Preservers' Association standards. This study evaluated the effects of CC preservative treatment on several mechanical properties of two grades of southern pine dimension lumber. For the Dense Select Structural grade lumber, the effects of CC treatment were generally found to be similar to previous reports for chromated copper arsenate and/or other ammoniacal copper preservative treatments - CC treatment to a target retention of 6.4 kg/m(3) (0.4 pcf) caused an average reduction in modulus of rupture (MOR) of only about 5 percent, no reduction in modulus of elasticity (MOE), and a reduction in work to maximum load (WML) of 7 to 18 percent. Reductions in MOR and WML were greater in samples kiln-dried after treatment. Treatment to the marine retention of 30 kg/m(3) (2.5 pcf) caused larger reductions in WML. However, for the No. 2 grade lumber, the effects of CC treatment on MOR were greater (average reduction of 12%) than those noted for Dense Select Structural grade lumber. These effects were also slightly greater than those previously reported for chromated copper arsenate treatment. No comparative data on No. 2 grade material were available for other preservative systems based on ammoniacal copper. As the popularity of arsenic-free ammoniacal copper-based systems increases, this phenomenon of greater strength loss with No. 2 grade treated lumber deserves additional study. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100017 ER PT J AU McAlister, RH Clark, A Saucier, JR AF McAlister, RH Clark, A Saucier, JR TI Effect of initial spacing on mechanical properties of lumber sawn from unthinned slash pine at age 40 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The effect of initial planting density on strength and stiffness of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) from a 40-year-old plantation on the Georgia Coastal Plain was examined. A stratified random sample of trees with diameters at breast height ranging from 8 to 16 inches from replicated stands representing tree spacing of 6 by 8, 8 by 8, 10 by 10, and 15 by 15 feet was processed into lumber. Visually graded No. I and No. 2, 2 by 4 and 2 by 6 lumber from the study was tested for stiffness (modulus of elasticity) and strength (modulus of rupture) according to the provision of American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Method D198. Only the modulus of rupture of the No. 2 grade 2 by 4's showed a significant (p = 0.05) decrease with increased tree spacing. All spacings tested produced dimension lumber with excellent mechanical properties. RP McAlister, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA XR781 UT WOS:A1997XR78100019 ER PT J AU Finn, C Strik, B Lawrence, FJ AF Finn, C Strik, B Lawrence, FJ TI 'Marion' trailing blackberry SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRIMOCANE SUPPRESSION DATE RP Finn, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 130 EP 133 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XP832 UT WOS:A1997XP83200001 ER PT J AU Draper, AD AF Draper, AD TI Blueberry breeding for the southern United States SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The USDA blueberry breeding program was initiated in 1910 by Dr. F. V. Coville and has been continuous since that time. Plant breeders Drs. G. M. Darrow, D. H. Scott. J. N. Moore and I have worked with state agricultural experiment stations (SAES) and private growers to develop the majority of cultivars presently gown for commercial production. In the South, major cooperators with the USDA include SAES in Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas. Recently the USDA Small Fruits Station at Poplarville, Miss. has been instrumental in blueberry cultivar development for the South. Rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) blueberry cultivars make up the majority of blueberry acreage grown in the South. A new type of blueberry, the southern highbush (SHE), has been developed by intraspecific hybridization with various Vaccinium species. Late-blooming SHE cultivars have been developed that offer better protection from spring frosts and ripen earlier than the earliest rabbiteye blueberry. Genes required to meet future needs reside within native Vaccinium species. Progress has been made in plant adaptation, disease resistance, fruit quality, and season of ripening. There remains a need for greater plant vigor, insect resistance and consistent production. C1 USDA,PAYSON,AZ 85541. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XP832 UT WOS:A1997XP83200003 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ AF Galletta, GJ TI Small fruit breeding for the southern United States: Strawberries SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This review briefly summarizes the development of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne)industries of the southern United States during the twentieth century, their problems. major cultivars, and breeding programs. The breeding objectives, contributions, and personnel of the several state and federal improvement programs are presented in more derail, Some ideas art offered about the future of the southern strawberry industries, and how the objectives of the fewer remaining breeding programs may have to bt: altered to accommodate the new and continuing problems of the growing and consuming public. RP Galletta, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XP832 UT WOS:A1997XP83200004 ER PT J AU Fuchigami, LH Wisniewski, M AF Fuchigami, LH Wisniewski, M TI Quantifying bud dormancy: Physiological approaches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; NEAR-LETHAL STRESS; CORNUS-SERICEA L; FROST DAMAGE; DOUGLAS-FIR; FLUSHING TEMPERATURE; BURST PHENOLOGY; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; COLD-HARDINESS; THERMAL TIME C1 ARS, APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN, USDA, KEARNEYSVILLE, WV 25430 USA. RP Fuchigami, LH (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 618 EP 623 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700009 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR AbdulBaki, AA AF Teasdale, JR AbdulBaki, AA TI Growth analysis of tomatoes in black polyethylene and hairy vetch production systems SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Vicia villosa; cover crop; mulch; leaf area ID FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; YIELD; NITROGEN; MULCHES; COLOR AB Growth analysis was used to document growth responses of staked, fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to black polyethylene or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulches, Leaf area and dry mass of vegetation and fruit mere measured weekly during two growing seasons, Growth was better early in the season but worse later in the season for plants grown with black polyethylene than with hairy vetch mulch, Unit leaf rate (rate of growth per unit leaf area) of fruit was higher with black polyethylene than with hairy vetch, whereas the reverse was true of vegetation, This relationship led to a higher leaf area ratio and leaf area duration of plants grown with hairy vetch than with black polyethylene, Consequently, tomatoes grown with black polyethylene produced higher early yield because of increased partitioning to fruit. However, tomatoes grown with hairy vetch eventually outgrew and outyielded those grown with black polyethylene because of increased partitioning to leaf area. C1 ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), ARS,WEED SCI LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700018 ER PT J AU Schirra, M Agabbio, M DAquino, S McCollum, TG AF Schirra, M Agabbio, M DAquino, S McCollum, TG TI Postharvest heat conditioning effects on early ripening 'Gialla' cactus pear fruit SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chilling injury; decay; ethanol; ethylene; Opuntia ficus-indica; quality; respiration; storage ID CHILLING INJURY AB The influence of postharvest heat conditioning at 38 degrees C for 24, 48, or 72 hours on ripe 'Gialla' cactus pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller] fruit produced by the spring flush was investigated during 21 days of storage at 6 degrees C and 90%-95% relative humidity (RH) followed by 7 days at 20 degrees C and 70%-75% RH (simulated marketing). Conditioning for 24 to 72 h reduced by 50% the severity of chilling injury (CI) on cactus pears following exposure to cold storage. Treatment for 24 to 72 h was also effective in reducing decay, with conditioning for 23 h being the most effective. Overall visual quality was better in heat-conditioned compared with control fruit. Mass loss was significantly reduced by all heat conditioning treatments. Respiration rate was not affected by heat treatment. Ethylene evolution was lower in fruit heat-conditioned for 48 or 72 h than for 0 h. Conditioning for 72 h resulted in the highest fruit ethanol levels. The influence of conditioning on juice pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids concentration and ascorbic acid was negligible. Prestorage heat treatment provides some measure of CI and decay control without detrimental effects to visual quality of early ripening cactus pear fruit and may offer an alternative to fungicide treatments. C1 UNIV SASSARI,FAC AGRARIA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI AMBIENTALI & AGROALIMENTARI BIOT,I-07100 SASSARI,ITALY. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP Schirra, M (reprint author), CNR,CONSERVAZ FRUTTO SPECIE ABOREE MEDITERRANEE,IST FISIOL MATURAZ,I-09170 ORISTANO,ITALY. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 702 EP 704 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700028 ER PT J AU Biggs, AR Scorza, R AF Biggs, AR Scorza, R TI Increased suberin accumulation in peach x almond hybrids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; Prunus dulcis; Leucostoma persoonii; host resistance ID LEUCOSTOMA-PERSOONII; ASSOCIATION; CANKER; BARK AB Suberin accumulation in mechanically wounded bark tissue was determined fluorimetrically in greenhouse-grown peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and F-2 progeny from peach x almond [P. amygdalus (Mill.) DA. Webb] hybrids. In general, suberin accumulation following wounding was significantly greater for progeny from almond-type than for peach-type hybrids, Hybrids from parents with almond tree type combined with peach fruit type accumulated the highest suberin levels. These data may partially explain the differences observed among peach and peach x almond hybrids in relative susceptibility to Leucostoma canker [Leucostoma persoonii Hohn. and L. cincta (Fr.) Hohn.] and injury caused by lesser peachtree borer, The association of higher suberin accumulation with specific phenotypic characteristics could simplify the selection of desirable seedlings in a breeding program that includes canker resistance as an objective. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP Biggs, AR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,UNIV EXPT FARM,POB 609,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. OI Biggs, Alan/0000-0001-8362-9530 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 717 EP 718 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700033 ER PT J AU FuentesGranados, RG Widrlechner, MP AF FuentesGranados, RG Widrlechner, MP TI Inheritance of anthocyanin production and malate dehydrogenase isozymes in Agastache rugosa (Fisher & Meyer) Kuntze SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE isozymes; starch gel electrophoresis; wrinkled giant hyssop ID EASTERN ASIAN POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICAN; LABIATAE AB This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of anthocyanin production and of malate dehydrogenase banding patterns in Agastache rugosa. Results of the study support the hypothesis that anthocyanin production is controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as A, for anthocyanin production. The Mdh-3 banding patterns are controlled by two alleles, each of which associated with a two-banded phenotype. A monomeric quaternary structure of MDH, which is rather atypical among plant species, can be inferred from the results. No linkage was found between the loci governing anthocyanin production and Mdh-3 banding patterns. This is the first report of heritable variability in A. rugosa. RP FuentesGranados, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRO STN,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700037 ER PT J AU Wann, EV AF Wann, EV TI Tomato germplasm lines T4065, T4099, T5019, and T5020 with unique genotypes that enhance fruit quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; breeding; genetic effects; carotenoid synthesis; tissue firmness; color RP Wann, EV (reprint author), ARS,USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,HIGHWAY 3 W,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 747 EP 748 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700044 ER PT J AU Brenner, DM Makus, DJ AF Brenner, DM Makus, DJ TI 'Kerala Red' ornamental amaranth SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bedding plant; vegetable; Amaranthus cruentus C1 ARS,USDA,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Brenner, DM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,N CENT REG PLANT INTRO STN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 749 EP 750 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700045 ER PT J AU Cooper, WC AF Cooper, WC TI Joe Rodolph Furr SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Cooper, WC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 754 EP 754 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XF907 UT WOS:A1997XF90700049 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Chauhan, NS Schmugge, TJ Ballard, JR AF Smith, JA Chauhan, NS Schmugge, TJ Ballard, JR TI Remote sensing of land surface temperature: The directional viewing effect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 96) - Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future CY MAY 21-31, 1996 CL LINCOLN, NE SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, US Natl Comm Union Radiosci Int, Canon Modern Methods Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Commun & Informat Sci, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Electro Opt, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Ctr Laser Anal Studies Trace Gas Dynam, Centurion Int Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Coll Engn & Technol, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Elect Engn, ERDAS Inc, Univ Nebraska Lincoln, High Plains Climate Ctr, Li Cor Inc, US Geol Survey EROS Data Ctr ID CANOPIES; FOREST; MODEL AB Land surface temperature and emissivity products are currently being derived from satellite and aircraft remote sensing data using a variety of techniques to correct for atmospheric effects. Implicit in the commonly employed approaches is the assumption of isotropy in directional thermal infrared exitance. Our theoretical analyzes indicate angular variations in apparent infrared temperature will typically yield land surface temperature errors ranging from 1 to 4 degrees C unless corrective measures are applied. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USAE WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 972 EP 974 DI 10.1109/36.602539 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XL049 UT WOS:A1997XL04900019 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ McNairn, H Weltz, MA Brisco, B Brown, R AF Jackson, TJ McNairn, H Weltz, MA Brisco, B Brown, R TI First order surface roughness correction of active microwave observations for estimating soil moisture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BARE SOIL; RADAR-SCATTERING; BACKSCATTER; MODEL AB Surface roughness has a significant effect on the relationship between radar backscatter and soil moisture, In order to use existing radar satellite data for soil moisture, roughness effects must be corrected. A technique is presented that utilizes the data bases from soil erosion studies and soil moisture remote sensing investigations to provide first order estimates of the roughness parameters. C1 INTERMAP TECHNOL,NEPEAN,ON K2E 1A2,CANADA. USDA,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CANADA CTR REMOTE SENSING,OTTAWA,ON K1A OY7,CANADA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/36.602548 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XL049 UT WOS:A1997XL04900028 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE Shapiro, M AF Lynn, DE Shapiro, M TI Virus susceptibilities of new cell lines from embryos of the whitemarked tussock moth SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Letter ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; LOOPER; ESTABLISHMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; BACULOVIRUS; REPLICATION; NOCTUIDAE RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 7 BP 487 EP 488 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA XQ112 UT WOS:A1997XQ11200002 ER PT J AU Kamo, K VanEck, J AF Kamo, K VanEck, J TI Effect of Bialaphos and phosphinothricin on plant regeneration from long- and short-term callus cultures of Gladiolus SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE gladiolus; callus; phosphinothricin; bialaphos; plant regeneration; long-term callus ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; NITROGEN-SOURCES; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; HORDEUM-VULGARE; INDUCTION; GROWTH; GLUTAMINE; AMMONIUM AB Callus was initiated from in vitro-grown plants of Gladiolus cultivars 'Jenny Lee' and 'Florida Flame.' The age of callus used for regeneration of plants was either 9 mo. old or 8 yr old from 'Jenny Lee,' and 4 mo. old from 'Florida Flame. Regeneration medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l (9.3 mu M) kinetin. This medium was supplemented with various concentrations of either bialaphos (Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan) or phosphinothricin (Hoechst-Roussell, Frankfurt, Germany). Bialaphos was more effective than phosphinothricin at stimulating plant regeneration. Plants regenerated from 8-yr-old callus of 'Jenny Lee' only when the regeneration medium was supplemented with 0.10 mg/l bialaphos. A bialaphos concentration of 0.01 mg/l stimulated regeneration from 9-mo.-old callus of cultivar 'Jenny Lee' and 4-mo.-old callus of 'Florida Flame'. C1 SANFORD SCI INC,WATERLOO,NY 13165. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,B-010A,ROOM 238 BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA XV920 UT WOS:A1997XV92000004 ER PT J AU Tanprasert, P Reed, BM AF Tanprasert, P Reed, BM TI Detection and identification of bacterial contaminants from strawberry runner explants SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-Like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures CY SEP, 1996 CL CORK, IRELAND DE contaminant detection; endophytic bacteria; Fragaria; micropropagation; Pseudomonas; Xanthomonas ID MICROPROPAGATED MINT PLANTS; TISSUE-CULTURE; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Microbial contaminants were detected in surface-sterilized strawberry runner explants partially submerged in half-strength liquid Murashige and Skoog medium. From June to August, 1994, 45 of 70 strawberry genotypes were found to be contaminated, whereas from June to August, 1995, 53 of 12 contained contaminants. There were more bacterial than fungal contaminants. Bacterial contaminants from 22 strawberry genotypes were isolated, purified, and identified to genus by standard biochemical tests such as Gram's stain, motility, oxidase, and gelatinase, and carbon source utilization (Biolog Microplates, Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA). Among the 30 isolates identified with the Biolog system, the majority were fluorescent pseudomonads including Pseudomonas fluorescens types A, F, and G. P. corrugata, P. tolaasii, P. paucimobilis, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas spp., and Enterobacter cloacae were also identified. Five Gram-negative and two Gram-positive contaminants could not be identified by the Biolog test. Biochemical tests were used to characterize the bacteria and to confirm Biolog test results. Bacteria identified in this study were soil, water, and plant related, indicating that efforts to reduce explant contaminant levels should be centered on the care of stock plants or the sterility of the watering system. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA XV920 UT WOS:A1997XV92000012 ER PT J AU Tanprasert, P Reed, BM AF Tanprasert, P Reed, BM TI Determination of minimal bactericidal and effective antibiotic treatment concentrations for bacterial contaminants from micropropagated strawberries SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-Like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures CY SEP, 1996 CL CORK, IRELAND DE antibiotic; bacterial contamination; Fragaria; phytotoxicity; Pseudomonas; Xanthomonas ID PLANT-TISSUE CULTURE; ELIMINATION AB Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for 16 bacterial strains isolated from strawberry runners. Bacteria were treated with single antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, gentamicin, and dihydrostreptomycin; and with combinations of two or three antibiotics: Timentin, streptomycin sulfate, and gentamicin. Combinations of the three antibiotics (12) were effective with all bacteria tested and were then used to treat contaminated plantlets. Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Jucunda inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicotoria or Pseudomonas corrugata were grown for 1 wk, then treated with combinations of Timentin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. Antibiotic treatments were 100% effective in eliminating P. corrugata from 'Jucunda,' but only 23% of the plants inoculated with X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were freed of the bacteria. Phytotoxicity was observed only at high antibiotic concentrations. Detection of bacteria from treated plants was most effective after one subculture, as antibiotics continued to inhibit bacterial growth on detection medium immediately after treatment. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA XV920 UT WOS:A1997XV92000013 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Cheville, NF Stevens, MG Houng, HH Drazek, ES Hadfield, TL Warren, RL Hoover, DL AF Olsen, SC Cheville, NF Stevens, MG Houng, HH Drazek, ES Hadfield, TL Warren, RL Hoover, DL TI Lymphocyte proliferative responses of goats vaccinated with Brucella melitensis 16M or a Delta purE201 strain SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RB51; ABORTUS; CATTLE; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-2308; MACROPHAGES; ANTIGENS; MICE AB The response to a Brucella melitensis purEK deletion mutant, Delta purE201 (referred to as strain 201), was compared with the response to its parental strain, 16M, in juvenile goats. Proliferative responses to gamma-irradiated bacteria were detected earlier in strain 201-infected goats. Lymphocytes from strain 16M- or 201-infected goats proliferated in response to one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of similar mass isolated from strain 16M or Brucella abortus RB51. Data from this study suggest that some antigens stimulating cell-mediated responses are conserved among Brucella species, as 201- and 16M-infected goats recognized similar proteins expressed by RB51 and 16M. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTER INFECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ZOONOT DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 65 IS 7 BP 2987 EP 2991 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XF631 UT WOS:A1997XF63100067 PM 9199478 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Boyd, R AF Uri, ND Boyd, R TI The impact of the proposed reduction in the motor fuels excise tax in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE economic impact; energy tax; diesel fuel; gasoline; US economy ID PRICE AB The analysis in this paper examines the impact of reducing the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the United States economy, The analytical approach used in the analysis consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and a government. The effects of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities are examined. The results suggest, for example, a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), a expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realize a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 21 IS 9 BP 841 EP 855 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA XP185 UT WOS:A1997XP18500007 ER PT J AU Nelms, CO Avery, ML AF Nelms, CO Avery, ML TI Reducing bird repellent application rates by the addition of sensory stimuli SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; bird repellents; methiocarb; Red-winged Blackbird; sensory stimuli ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; FOOD AVOIDANCE; METHIOCARB; AVERSIONS; HAZARDS; DOSAGE; CROPS AB Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) cause substantial damage to a variety of crops throughout North America. Nonlethal methods for controlling damage are generally ineffective, and environmental and cost concerns have limited the availability of chemical repellents such as methiocarb. One means of potentially lowering the effective application rate of methiocarb and similar aversive compounds is by combining the treatment with sensory cues. We tested groups (n=4) of male Red-winged Blackbirds in a series of 4-day feeding trials using brown rice treated with 0.025% (g/g) methiocarb, five times less than the previously established effective bird repellent rate. Each methiocarb treatment suppressed rice consumption, whether the repellent was alone or combined with a visual (red dye) and/or volatile (methylpyrazine) cue. When rice treated with just the sensory cues was subsequently presented, the red dye, but not the methylpyrazine, continued to deter feeding on rice. These results show that postingestive chemical repellents such as methiocarb can be effective al reduced rates provided the repellent is paired with an aversive Visual cue. The addition of aversive stimuli may be particularly useful in reducing damage to seeded crops and in protecting birds from incidental ingestion of toxic granular pesticides. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32641. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 43 IS 3 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1080/096708797228654 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XY642 UT WOS:A1997XY64200002 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM AF Robinson, JM TI Nitrogen limitation of spinach plants causes a simultaneous rise in foliar levels of orthophosphate, sucrose, and starch SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-DARK REGULATION; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; METABOLITE LEVELS; SOYBEAN PLANTS; GLYCINE-MAX; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; ASSIMILATE AB A study was undertaken to determine whether leaves of nitrogen-limited (N-Lim) spinach simultaneously accumulated starch, sucrose, and orthophosphate. (Pi) in a similar mode as leaves of N-Lim soybean plants (Robinson 1997, Int J Plant Sci 158:32-43). Pi is a physiological inhibitor of key regulatory enzymes associated with the syntheses of both starch and sucrose in spinach leaves, and during the daily light period, Pi levers in N-Lim spinach plant leaves were 2.4-3 times higher than in leaves of N-sufficient (N-Suff) spinach plants. However, during the light period, foliar starch and sucrose levels and net accumulation rates were approximately two times higher in the mature leaves of inorganic N-Lim spinach plants than in mature leaves of inorganic N-Suff spinach plants. Elevated leaf Pi did not appear to repress net starch and sucrose accumulation in N-Lim spinach leaves. Controlled compartmentalization of Pi in the vacuoles or other compartments of the leaf mesophyll cells appears to be a possible explanation for these observations. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BLDG 046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 158 IS 4 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1086/297453 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN628 UT WOS:A1997XN62800005 ER PT J AU Robinson, JM AF Robinson, JM TI The influence of elevated foliar carbohydrate levels on the ascorbate: Dehydroascorbate redox ratios in nitrogen-limited spinach and soybean plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON; LEAVES; CHLOROPLASTS; LEAF; METABOLISM; LIGHT; ACID; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE; INACTIVATION; ACTIVATION AB Using inorganic nitrogen-limited (N-Lim) spinach and soybean plants that accumulate elevated foliar levels of free glucose, sucrose, and starch, we determined the influence of carbohydrate level upon total leaf vitamin C (ascorbate + dehydroascorbate) level and on the redox ratio of ascorbate (ASC) to dehydroascorbate (DHA). In the light, the levels of free glucose and glucose sources, including sucrose and starch, were usually considerably higher in the leaves of inorganic nitrogen-limited spinach and soybean plants than in the leaves of N-sufficient (N-Suff) control plants. However, in the light, leaves of N-Suff plants often had as much or more total vitamin C than leaves of N-Lim plants. There was never a consistent relationship between elevated glucose or other elevated carbohydrate levels and an elevated level of Vitamin C. In contrast, the leaves of both N-Lim spinach and soybean plants displayed considerably higher ratios of ASC to DHA in the light periods than did leaves of N-Suff plants. This suggested that in leaves of N-Lim spinach and soybean plants, the elevated levels of foliar glucose and other glucose sources caused the increased availability of reductant that, in turn, supported a more rapid reduction of DHA to ASC. RP Robinson, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BLDG 046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 158 IS 4 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.1086/297454 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN628 UT WOS:A1997XN62800006 ER PT J AU Register, KB Boisvert, A Ackermann, MR AF Register, KB Boisvert, A Ackermann, MR TI Use of ribotyping to distinguish Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BUFFERED SALINE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; NUTRIENTS; BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; PROBE; HOST AB A total of 113 Bordetella bronchiseptica strains, isolated from 11 different host species worldwide, were characterized by ribotyping with restriction enzyme PvuII. Sixteen distinct ribotypes were identified, and each ribotype contained five to seven restriction fragments ranging in size from 1.8 to 5.6 kb. Approximately 88% of the swine isolates were identified as ribotype 3 strains. Isolates from dogs also displayed little variation; 74.1% were found to be ribotype 4 strains. Strains obtained from the remaining nine host species belonged to 15 different ribotypes. There was no association between geographic location and ribotype. The technique which we used may be useful for epidemiologic studies in which the transmission of B. bronchiseptica, both within and between species, is investigated. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50010. COLL VET MED,AMES,IA 50010. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,SWINE RESP DIS PROJECT,AVIAN & SWINE RESP DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 678 EP 683 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000012 PM 9226899 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Tang, AY Jenkins, E Goins, RL Tully, JG Rose, DL Konai, M Williamson, DL Carle, P Bove, J Hackett, KJ French, FE Wedincamp, J Henegar, RB Whitcomb, RF AF Stevens, C Tang, AY Jenkins, E Goins, RL Tully, JG Rose, DL Konai, M Williamson, DL Carle, P Bove, J Hackett, KJ French, FE Wedincamp, J Henegar, RB Whitcomb, RF TI Spiroplasma lampyridicola sp. nov, from the firefly beetle Photuris pennsylvanicus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORMATION; MOSQUITOS AB Spiroplasma strain PUP-1(T) was isolated from the gut fluids of a firefly beetle (Photuris pennsylvanicus) collected in Maryland, Cells of the strain were shown by dark-field microscopy to be helical, motile filaments. Ultrastructural examination by electron microscopy revealed filamentous cells bounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane and no evidence of a cell wall, The cells were not sensitive to 500 U of penicillin per mi and grew under aerobic conditions in M1D, SP-4, and M-2 broth formulations, as well as in conventional mycoplasma medium, The doubling times at 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C were 83.1, 32.0, 14.9, and 9.8 h, respectively. Suboptimal growth occurred at 37 degrees C, and no growth was apparent in cultures maintained at 10 or 40 degrees C, The organism required cholesterol for growth and produced acid from glucose, fructose, and trehalose; arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed, The results of previous serological analyses of strain PUP-1(T) indicated that the organism was not related to the then currently established Spiroplasma species or group representatives, and the organism was classified as the representative of group XIX, Additional testing of strain PUP-1(T) against recently recognized Spiroplasma species or group representatives by both metabolism inhibition and deformation tests confirmed the unique serological status of the organism, The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 26 +/- 1 mol%, and the genome size was 1,375 kbp. These values clearly differentiate strain PUP-1(T) from group XXI strain W115, with which it cross-reacted reciprocally at a low level in deformation and metabolism inhibition tests, We propose that strain PUP-1 (= ATCC 43206) should be recognized as the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma lampyridicola. C1 USDA ARS,BARCW,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BARCW,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT AGR SCI,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000017 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Gasparich, GE Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, J Henegar, RB Konai, M Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Clark, TB Williamson, DL AF Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Gasparich, GE Rose, DL Carle, P Bove, J Henegar, RB Konai, M Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Clark, TB Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma chrysopicola sp. nov, Spiroplasma gladiatoris sp. nov, Spiroplasma helicoides sp. nov, and Spiroplasma tabanidicola sp. nov, from Tabanid (Diptera: Tabanidae) flies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; SUBGROUPS AB Four spiroplasma strains, DE-1(T), TG-1(T), TABS-2(T), and TAUS-1(T), all of which were isolated from deerflies or horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae), were serologically distinct from previously described spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups. Strain DF-1(T) originated from a Maryland deerfly (Chrysops sp.); strain TG-1(T) was isolated from a Maryland horsefly (Tabanus gladiator); strain TAUS-IT originated from a member of the Tabanus abdominalis-limbatinevris complex of horseflies collected in Maryland; and strain TABS-2(T) was isolated from a horsefly (Tabanus abactor) collected in Oklahoma. Cells of all of the strains appeared to be helical and motile when they were examined by dark-field microscopy. Cells of strain DF-1(T) growing in M1D medium were short helices with less than six turns; the helical cells of the other strains were long and usually had six or more turns. The short cells of strain DF-1(T) passed through 450- and 300-nm filter pores with no reduction in titer, but the longer cells of the other strains were partially retained by 450-nm-pore-size filters. Electron microscopic examination of all of the strains revealed wall-less cells surrounded only by a single cytoplasmic membrane. All of the strains grew well in SP-4 liquid media and in conventional mycoplasma or M1D media supplemented with horse or fetal bovine serum. Strains TABS-2(T), TAUS-1(T), and DF-1(T) required serum or sterol for growth, but strain TG-1T was able to grow in the absence of serum or sterol. The optimum temperatures for growth of the four strains varied from 30 to 32 degrees C, and growth occurred at 10 to 37 degrees C. All of the strains catabolized glucose but did not hydrolyze urea. Only strain DF-1(T) hydrolyzed arginine. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNAs of the strains were: DF-1(T), 29 + 1 mol%; TG-1(T), 26 +/- 1 mol%; TABS-2(T), 27 +/- 1 mol%; and TAUS-1(T), 26 +/- mol%. The genome sizes of strains DF-1(T) and TAUS-1(T) were 1,270 and 1,375 kbp, respectively. Strain DE-1 (= ATCC 43209), the representative of spiroplasma subgroup VIII-2, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma chrysopicola. We also propose that strain TG-1(T) (= ATCC 43525(T)), the designated representative of group XXIII, should be placed in a new species, Spiroplasma gladiatoris. In addition, group XXXII spiroplasma strain TABS-2 (= ATCC 51746) is designated the type strain of Spiroplasma helicoides sp. nov., and group XXXIII representative strain TAUS-1 (= ATCC 51747) is designated the type strain of another new species, Spiroplasma tabanidicola. C1 USDA,BARCW,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Whitcomb, RF (reprint author), USDA,BARCW,VEGETABLE LAB,RANGE 2,HH3,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000018 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Rose, DL Carle, PM Bove, JM Clark, EA Henegar, RB Konai, M Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Williamson, DL AF Whitcomb, RF French, FE Tully, JG Rose, DL Carle, PM Bove, JM Clark, EA Henegar, RB Konai, M Hackett, KJ Adams, JR Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma montanense sp. nov, from Hybomitra horseflies at northern latitudes in north America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES AB Spiroplasma strain HYOS-1(T) was isolated from a tabanid fly, Hybomitra opaca. The organism was serologically distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups and was recently designated the representative of spiroplasma group XXXI. The cells of strain RYOS-1(T), as determined by light microscopy, were long motile helices, Electron microscopic examination revealed wall-less cells delimited by a single membrane, The cells passed through 450- and 300-nm filter pores with a 10-fold reduction in titer, but failed to pass through 100-nm pores, Strain HYOS-1(T) grew very well in most conventional medium formulations for spiroplasmas or other mollicutes. The organism grew at temperatures ranging from 5 to 41 degrees C, and the optimum temperature was 32 degrees C, The doubling time at the optimum temperature was 0.7 h, one of the shortest values obtained for members of the genus Spiroplasma, The strain catabolized glucose and hydrolyzed arginine but not urea, Growth of the organism was stimulated by cholesterol and serum, but the strain was nevertheless able to grow in the absence of sterols or serum. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was about 28 +/- 1 mol%, and the genome size was 1,225 kbp, On the basis of the experimental results reported here and previously reported data, group XXXI strain HYOS-1 (= ATCC 51745) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma montanense. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Whitcomb, RF (reprint author), USDA,BARCW,VEGETABLE LAB,HH3,RANGE 2,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 720 EP 723 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000019 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Lechevalier, MP Testa, RT AF Labeda, DP Lechevalier, MP Testa, RT TI Streptomyces stramineus sp. nov, a new species of the verticillate streptomycetes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID; NOCARDIA AB Strain NRRL 12292(T), which produces the bleomycin-like antibiotics LL-BO1208 alpha and LL-BO1208 beta, forms umbels consisting of chains of smooth-surface ovoid spores that are borne on verticils on the aerial mycelia, indicating that it is a member of the verticillate group of the genus Streptomyces formerly classified in the genus Streptoverticillium, This strain was compared morphologically and physiologically to 54 other verticillate Streptomyces strains, The levels of DNA relatedness between strain NRRL 12292(T) and 34 other verticillate Streptomyces strains, including strains representing at least 19 genetic species clusters, were also determined, Strain NRRL 12292(T) is morphologically and physiologically distinct from the other verticillate strains studied, particularly because of the straw yellow color of its aerial mycelia and spore mass. DNA hybridization data support the uniqueness of this strain, since the levels of DNA relatedness between NRRL 12292(T) and the other verticillate strains used in this study were low, Our data support designation of a new species, Streptomyces stramineus, whose type strain is NRRL 12292. C1 WYETH AYERST RES,INFECT DIS SECT,PEARL RIVER,NY 10965. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 747 EP 753 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000024 PM 9226907 ER PT J AU Adams, JR Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Clark, EA Rose, DL Carle, P Konai, M Bove, JM Henegar, RB Williamson, DL AF Adams, JR Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Clark, EA Rose, DL Carle, P Konai, M Bove, JM Henegar, RB Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma alleghenense sp. nov, a new species from the scorpion fly Panorpa helena (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; DEFORMATION AB Spiroplasma strain PLHS-1(T) from the gut of a common scorpion fly (Panorpa helena) collected in the West Virginia Allegheny Mountains was distinct from other spiroplasma species, groups, and subgroups as determined by reciprocal serological metabolism inhibition and deformation tests, However, when this strain was used as an antigen, it cross-reacted extensively with representatives of other groups, Light microscopy and/or electron microscopy of cells of strain PLHS-1(T) revealed helical motile cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, The strain was resistant to penicillin, which confirmed that it had no cell wall. The organism grew well in M1D and SP-4 liquid media, in 1% serum fraction medium, and in conventional horse serum medium, The optimum temperature for growth was 30 degrees C, at which the doubling time was 6.4 h. Multiplication occurred at temperatures from 10 to 32 degrees C, Strain PLHS-1(T) catabolized glucose, hydrolyzed arginine but not urea, and required sterol for growth, The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 31 +/- 1 mol%, and the genome size was 1,465 kbp. Strain PLHS-1 (=ATCC 51752) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma alleghenense. C1 USDA,BARCW,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000026 ER PT J AU Williamson, DL Adams, JR Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Carle, P Konai, M Bove, JM Henegar, RB AF Williamson, DL Adams, JR Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Carle, P Konai, M Bove, JM Henegar, RB TI Spiroplasma platyhelix sp. nov, a new mollicute with unusual morphology and genome size from the dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; DEFORMATION AB Spiroplasma strain PALS-1(T) from the gut of the dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis was shown to be distinct from other species, groups, and subgroups of the genus Spiroplasma as determined by reciprocal serological metabolism inhibition and deformation tests, However, this strain cross-reacted extensively with representatives of other groups when it was used as an antigen, Electron microscopy of cells of strain PALS-1(T) revealed cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane, Light microscopy revealed helical cells that exhibited twisting motility rather than rotatory or flexing motility, Variations in the tightness of coiling were transmitted from one end of the helix to the other, The strain was resistant to penicillin, which confirmed that no cell wall was present, The organism grew well in M1D and SP-4 liquid media under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, Growth also occurred in 1% serum fraction medium and in conventional horse serum medium, The optimum temperature for growth was 30 degrees C, at which the doubling time,vas 6.4 h, Multiplication occurred at temperatures from 10 to 32 degrees C, Strain PALS-1(T) catabolized glucose and hydrolyzed arginine but not urea, The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 29 +/- 1 mol%, The genome size was 780 kbp, the smallest genome size in the genus Spiroplasma, Strain PALS-1 (= ATCC 51748) is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma platyhelix. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,MYCOPLASMA SECT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. UNIV BORDEAUX 2,F-33883 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. RP Williamson, DL (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 763 EP 766 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000027 PM 9226909 ER PT J AU Jarvis, BDW VanBerkum, P Chen, WX Nour, SM Fernandez, MP CleyetMarel, JC Gillis, M AF Jarvis, BDW VanBerkum, P Chen, WX Nour, SM Fernandez, MP CleyetMarel, JC Gillis, M TI Transfer of Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense to Mesorhizobium gen. nov SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARIETINUM L; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STRAINS; BACTERIA AB Reasons are advanced for removal of Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense from the genus Rhizobium and for establishment of Mesorhizobium gen. nov. for these species. A description of the genus Mesorhizobium and amended descriptions of Mesorhizobium ciceri, Mesorhizobium huakuii, Mesorhizobium loti, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum, and Mesorhizobium tianshanense are provided. C1 MASSEY UNIV,DEPT GENET & MICROBIOL,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. USDA ARS,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BEIJING AGR UNIV,COLL BIOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,BEIJING 100094,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV LYON 1,CNRS,UMR 5557,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. INRA,LAB RECH SYMBIOTES RACINES,F-34060 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. STATE UNIV GHENT,MICROBIOL LAB,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. OI Fernandez-Fernandez, Maria Pilar/0000-0001-6552-409X NR 30 TC 201 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XK390 UT WOS:A1997XK39000051 ER PT J AU Bernard, KA Israel, BA Wilson, WC Schultz, KT AF Bernard, KA Israel, BA Wilson, WC Schultz, KT TI Sequence and cognitive analyses of two virulence-associated markers of bluetongue virus serotype 17 SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bluetongue virus; sequence analyses; virulence subject index; virulence markers ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OUTER COAT PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; AMINO-ACID; NEUTRALIZATION DETERMINANTS; MORPHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; GENOME SEGMENTS; TAXONOMIC GROUP; IDENTIFICATION; VP2 AB Genome segments 2 and 3 were completely sequenced for one Virulent and one avirulent bluetongue serotype 17 (BLU-17). These two segments were previously shown to exhibit virulence-associated markers. The marker on segment 2 was characterized as a change in the neutralization domain on its protein product, VP2. The nucleotide sequences for segments 2 were 94.5% identical, and their predicted proteins differed by 34 amino acids or 3.7%. Three clusters of variability were identified which may be involved with viral neutralization. These variable regions were compared to mutations for published monoclonal antibody-resistant variants of BLU. The marker on segment 3 was characterized as a mobility shift in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The nucleotide sequences were 95.0% identical, and their predicted proteins differed by four amino acids or 0.4%. These amino acid changes were relatively conserved; therefore, they are not Likely responsible for virulence. The segment 3 sequences were compared to published sequences, and evidence was found to suggest that the virulent isolate had naturally reasserted between a BLU-17 and BLU-10 isolate. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY USA. RP Bernard, KA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CB 7290,831 FLOB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 40 IS 4 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1159/000150551 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZQ047 UT WOS:000073816100003 PM 9612723 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Ralph, J Hatfield, RD Quideau, S AF Grabber, JH Ralph, J Hatfield, RD Quideau, S TI p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl lignins have similar inhibitory effects on wall degradability SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gramineae; Zea mays; cell wall; brown midrib; transgenic; O-methyltransferase; hydroxycinnamyl alcohols; lignin; cellulase; degradability ID CELL-WALL; MAIZE; MONOCOTYLEDONS; DIGESTIBILITY; CONSTITUENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; SUGARCANE; GRASS; STEMS AB Studies with normal, mutant, and transgenic plants have not clearly established whether the proportion of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) units in lignin directly affects the degradability of cell walls by hydrolytic enzymes. Dehydrogenation polymer-cell wall complexes containing varying ratios of H, G, and S lignins were formed by peroxidase/H2O2-mediated polymerization of p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols into unindemnified avails isolated from cell suspensions of maize (Zea mays L). Lignification substantially reduced the degradability of cell walls by fungal hydrolases, but degradability was not affected by lignin composition. On the basis of these results, we propose that improvements in wall degradability, previously attributed to changes in lignin composition, were in fact due to other associated changes in wall chemistry or ultrastructure. RP ARS, USDA, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2530 EP 2532 DI 10.1021/jf970029v PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500029 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC method), a new method for lignin analysis: Protocol for analysis of DFRC monomers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetyl bromide; lignin; beta-aryl ether; thioacidolysis; reductive elimination ID BROMIDE AB A new method far selective and efficient cleavage of arylglycerol-beta-aryl (beta-O-4) ether linkages in lignins is introduced. The acronym ''DFRC'' relates to the reactions involved, derivatization followed by reductive cleavage. Derivatization, accompanied by cell wall solubilization, is accomplished with acetyl bromide in acetic acid; reductive cleavage of resulting beta-bromo ethers utilizes zinc in an acidic medium. Following acetylation, degradation monomers (4-acetoxycinnamyl acetates) are quantified by GC, providing data analogous to those from analytical thioacidolysis. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 15 TC 169 Z9 176 U1 10 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2590 EP 2592 DI 10.1021/jf970258h PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500042 ER PT J AU Li, BW Zhao, Z AF Li, BW Zhao, Z TI Determination of starches and dietary fiber polysaccharides in cooked dried beans: Comparison of different temperatures and dimethyl sulfoxide treatments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resistant starch; dietary fiber analysis; neutral sugars ID RESISTANT STARCH; FOODS; FERMENTATION; DIGESTION; HUMANS AB Cooked dried beans contain an appreciable amount of starches that escape digestion by human gastrointestinal enzymes. Such ''resistant starch'' possesses physiological characteristics similar to those of certain types of dietary fiber. Two brands of five dried beans (black beans, Great Northern beans, navy beans, pink beans, and pinto beans) were analyzed after cooking, using two different autoclave temperatures with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Starch as glucose and dietary fiber polysaccharides (DFP) as neutral sugars were determined according to a modified fiber method developed in this laboratory. Results showed that autoclaving at 130 degrees C (treatment I) and autoclaving at 121 degrees C in the presence of DMSO (treatment II) were quite similar and yielded higher starch and lower DFP values as compared to autoclaving at 121 degrees C (treatment III), The feasibility of estimating resistant starch in cooked dried beans by measuring the glucose present in enzyme digestates from two different starch solubilization temperatures was demonstrated. RP Li, BW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2598 EP 2601 DI 10.1021/jf970188e PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500044 ER PT J AU Hedin, PA McCarty, JC Dollar, DA AF Hedin, PA McCarty, JC Dollar, DA TI Effects of foliar applications of carbohydrates on the yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lint SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton yields; Gossypium hirstum L; carbohydrates; Foliar Triggrr ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; FORMULATIONS; KINETIN AB Various plant growth hormones and bioregulators have been reported to increase the yield of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. lint when applied foliarly in held tests. However, while positive effects with these compounds were often observed in individual years by us, multiyear results were not significant. Initial results with a commercial formulation, Foliar Triggrr, FT (Westbridge Agricultural Products, San Diego, CA), in which the stated active ingredient was cytokinin, led us to investigate the composition. Over a several year period (1989-1995), application of a succession of sugar-containing fractions to the cotton plants gave consistent small increases but not statistically significant lint yield increases. The composition of the active carbohydrate fraction upon acid hydrolysis was a mixture of mainly xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Equal molar mixtures of sugars (man, gal, glc, suc) and iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenans (linear sulfated polysaccharides) gave small consistent increases. The commercial application of this lead with carbohydrates may be in the utilization of an economical sugar-processing byproduct. RP Hedin, PA (reprint author), ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,USDA,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2763 EP 2767 DI 10.1021/jf960856g PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL455 UT WOS:A1997XL45500072 ER PT J AU Francis, JK AF Francis, JK TI Growth and yield of unthinned Honduras pine grown to small sawlog sizes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Morelet; spacing; mean annual volume increment; survival AB Unthinned spacing of Honduras pine (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Morelet) ranging in age from 23.3 to 25 years, was evaluated at four installations in Puerto Rico on the basis of survival, growth, and yield. Results showed that marked significant differences existed in means of survival, diameters, and heights of trees in spacings ranging from 1.5 x 1.5 m to 4.3 x 4.3 m. However, because of decreasing diameter and height growth and increasing mortality in the narrower spacings (1.5 m, 2.1 m), and continued rapid diameter growth in the wider spacings (3.0 m, 4.3 m), there were no significant differences in basal area, total inside bark volume, and mean annual volume increment among spacings. Wide spacings are recommended where early thinnings are not possible. C1 USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Francis, JK (reprint author), USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA ZY843 UT WOS:000074667000003 ER PT J AU EvockClover, CM Myers, MJ Steele, NC AF EvockClover, CM Myers, MJ Steele, NC TI Effects of an endotoxin challenge on growth performance, carcass accretion rates, and serum hormone and metabolite concentrations in control pigs and those treated with recombinant porcine somatotropin SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE pigs; somatotropin; endotoxins; growth; carcass composition; hormones ID FACTOR-I; GROWING-PIGS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; WEIGHT; SWINE AB Barrows were restrictively fed starting at 20 kg BW to determine the effects of endotoxin on growth performance of control and somatotropin-treated pigs. The following treatments were used: 1) daily i.m. vehicle injection until 55 kg BW; 2) daily i.m. injections of 100 mu g of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST)/kg BW, until 55 kg; 3) i.v. saline injections for 7 d consecutively starting at 60 kg BW; 4) i.v. injections of 1 mu g of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg BW for 7 d starting at 60 kg BW; and 5) the combined LPS + pST treatment, with pST injections from 20 kg through the 7 d of LPS treatment. Pigs evaluated for LPS effects were fed to 60 kg anticipating a weight loss. Pigs were bled at 0800 and 1100 at 55 kg and on d 7 of LPS treatment. Rectal temperatures were taken on d 7. Treatment with pST increased ADG by 13 to 20% and improved feed:gain by 17 to 23% before LPS treatment. During the 7 d of LPS injections, ADG and feed:gain did not differ, although feed efficiency was impaired and variable. Rectal temperatures at 1100 were progressively increased: control < LPS < LPS-pST (P < .01). Protein accretion was improved 27% by pST treatment, and lipid accretion was decreased 45% before LPS. Lipid stores decreased (P < .01) after LPS treatment in the pST-treated pigs. Lipopolysaccharide treatment and(or) decreased feed intake reduced the hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia (P < .01) associated with pST treatment. These results indicate that LPS induced a simulated septicemia and that the effects were not negated by pST treatment. The observed hyperthermia was additive, possibly due to increased lean body mass induced by pST combined with the pyrogenic effect of LPS. C1 US FDA,CTR VET MED,ANIM BIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP EvockClover, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,LPSI,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1784 EP 1790 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200012 PM 9222834 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Yen, JT Nelssen, JL Nienaber, JA Goodband, RD Wheeler, TL AF Hansen, JA Yen, JT Nelssen, JL Nienaber, JA Goodband, RD Wheeler, TL TI Effects of somatotropin and salbutamol in three genotypes of finishing barrows: Growth, carcass, and calorimeter criteria SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; somatotropin; beta-adrenergic agonists; performance; calorimetry; carcasses ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; CIMATEROL CL 263,780; DIETARY-PROTEIN; GROWING-PIGS; BODY-COMPOSITION; MEAT QUALITY; LEAN PIGS; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; ENERGY-METABOLISM AB We evaluated the combined use of 0 or 4 mg/d of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) and 0 or 2.75 ppm salbutamol in three genotypes of growing barrows (139 d old) differing in lean and lipid accretion potential. Treatments were in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, and the three genotypes tested were Meishan (M, n = 32, 49 kg), Duroc x White composite (D x Wc, n = 31, 62 kg), and Meishan x White composite (M x Wc, n = 31, 64 kg) pigs. Growth performance was evaluated over 28 d for individual pigs, and 20-h feed-deprived heat production was measured before slaughter (d 34). Daily pST injection increased ADG (+70 g/d) and reduced ADFI (-.61 kg/d) across genotypes (P < .05). Salbutamol increased (P < .05) ADG in M x Wc pigs (+146 g/d) but not in M pigs (-60 g/d) or D x We (+80 g/d) pigs. However, M pigs had the lowest ADG and ADFI, and M x We pigs not treated with salbutamol grew slower than D x We pigs (P < .05). Carcass protein and moisture accretion were additively (P < .05) increased by pST and salbutamol for D x We and M x Wc pigs. Meishan pigs had increased carcass protein and moisture accretion from pST, whereas only moisture accretion was increased by salbutamol (P < .05). The longissimus muscle area and semitendinosus weight increased as the percentage of M in the genotype decreased (P < .05), and both were increased by pST or salbutamol treatment (P < .001). Leaf fat was decreased more (P < .05) in M pigs than in D x Wc or M x Wc pigs with pST injection. The similar magnitude of leaf fat reduction between D x Wc and M x Wc pigs resulted in a mean genotype difference (P < .05), and salbutamol decreased leaf fat across genotypes. Oxygen consumption and heat production were increased by pST in M pigs more than in the crossbred genotypes, but CO2 production was reduced by similar magnitudes across genotypes, and salbutamol only tended to reduce CO2 production in D x Wc pigs. In general, these data indicate that pST and salbutamol result in additive increases in carcass lean composition; however, growth rate, carcass accretion, and various organ weights may vary among genotypes with salbutamol and pST treatment. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1798 EP 1809 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200014 PM 9222836 ER PT J AU Hansen, JA Yen, JT Klindt, J Nelssen, JL Goodband, RD AF Hansen, JA Yen, JT Klindt, J Nelssen, JL Goodband, RD TI Effects of somatotropin and salbutamol in three genotypes of finishing barrows: Blood hormones and metabolites and muscle characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; genotypes; somatotropin; beta-adrenergic agonists; hormones; muscles ID PORCINE GROWTH-HORMONE; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; GROWING PIGS; MEAT QUALITY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; GENETICALLY-OBESE; BODY-COMPOSITION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB We evaluated the effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) and the beta-adrenergic agonist salbutamol on plasam endocrine and metabolite profiles and muscle chemistry in three genotypes of growing barrows (n = 96, 139 d old). Treatments were in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, and main effects were PST (0 or 4 mg/d) and salbutamol (0 or 2.75 ppm); the three genotypes including purebred Meishan (M), 1/4 Duroc, 3/4 White composite (D x Wc), and 1/4 Meishan, 3/4 White composite (M x Wc). Individual pigs were injected daily with buffer or PST at 0700 and allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal diet (1.2% lysine) and water for 33 d. Plasma was obtained 4 h after injection and 3 h postprandially on d 0, 14, and 28 for determination of growth hormone insulin, IGF-I, glucose, urea N (PUN), NEFA, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Longissimus and semitendinosus samples were obtained, and protein, RNA, and DNA were quantified and loin chop shear force was measured. In general, plasma hormones and metabolites on d 14 and 28 were not affected by salbutamol in the absence of pST, although salbutamol tended to increase d 14 and 28 GH concentrations. Salbutamol lowered plasma IGF-I (d 14 and 28, P < .05), insulin (d 14, P < .01), and NEFA (d 28, P = .07) when pST was administered, although concentrations still exceeded those for control pigs. Salbutamol reduced (P < .05) IGF-I in M and M x Wc pigs, and GH was not changed in M pigs. Meishan pigs had a greater increase in glucose with pST than M x Wc or D x Wc pigs, although the effect was not consistent over time. Individual treatment with pST caused GH, insulin, IGF-I, glucose, NEFA, and triglycerides to be increased and PUN to be decreased on d 14 and 28. Cholesterol on d 14 and 28 was decreased by pST in M pigs, whereas no effects were found in the other genotypes. Muscle protein and RNA were increased by salbutamol and were consistently lowest for M pigs. Furthermore, PST did not affect muscle protein, but it increased RNA more in M pigs than in the others. Overall, PST and salbutamol seemed to act separately and by different mechanisms to alter muscle composition, but blood criteria generally representing fat metabolism (insulin, glucose, NEFA, triglycerides) were interactively affected. Meishan pigs tended to have greater changes in muscle and plasma composition with PST treatment than did M x Wc or D x Wc pigs. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1810 EP 1821 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200015 PM 9222837 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Nugent, RA Klindt, J Jenkins, TG AF Roberts, AJ Nugent, RA Klindt, J Jenkins, TG TI Circulating insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, growth hormone, and resumption of estrus in postpartum cows subjected to dietary energy restriction SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; somatotropin; insulin-like growth factor; anestrus; postpartum period ID IGF-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BEEF-COWS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; BODY CONDITION; DAIRY-COWS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; MILK-PRODUCTION; LACTATING COWS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH), IGF-I, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), and glucose at wk 2 and 10 postpartum were associated with the ability of postpartum beef cows to resume cycling when maintained on a limited nutrient environment. Cows (n = 29) were individually fed either 130 or 170 kcal ME x BW-.75 x d(-1) during nonlactation and 170 or 210 kcal ME x BW-.75 x d(-1) during lactation for an average of 4.1 yr before sample collection. The proportion of cows that resumed estrus within 20 wk after parturition was less (P < .05) at the lower feeding rate (5 of 14) than at the higher feeding rate (11 of 15). Concentrations of IGF-I increased from wk 2 to 10 in cows that resumed cycling but not in cows that remained anestrous and were less (P < .05) at wk 2 and 10 in cows that remained anestrous compared to cows that resumed cycling. Circulating amounts of IGFBP-8 at wk 2 were greater (P < .05) and IGFBP-3 concentrations were lower (P < .05) in cows that remained anestrous compared to cows that resumed cycling. Cows on the lower feeding rate that did not cycle had lower body condition scores and greater concentrations of GH compared (P < .05) to other cows. At the higher feeding rate, body condition score and concentrations of GH did not differ between cows that did or did not resume cycling. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-8 and -3 at wk 2 postpartum were indicators of the capacity of energy-restricted cattle to resume cycling after parturition. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 55 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1909 EP 1917 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200027 PM 9222849 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL TI Oxygen consumption by and blood flow across the portal-drained viscera and liver of pregnant ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; pregnancy; metabolism; liver; blood flow ID SHEEP; GROWTH; FETAL AB The energy requirement of ewes increases during pregnancy. In late pregnancy, approximately 40% of the increase in heat production can be attributed to increases in heat production by nonreproductive tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver during pregnancy to allow for an estimation of the extent to which these tissues contribute to the increase in energy requirement. Nineteen multiparous ewes were individually penned and allowed ad libitum access to an alfalfa hay-based diet. Catheters were surgically placed in the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, a mesenteric vein, and the abdominal aorta. Oxygen consumption by the PDV and liver were subsequently measured before breeding and at 6, 19, 39, 61, 82, and 103 d before lambing. Hepatic arterial blood flow was not influenced by litter size (P = .89) or stage of pregnancy (P = .28). Portal and hepatic venous blood flow peaked 19 d before lambing. Oxygen consumption by the PDV and liver increased with increased ad libitum feed intake. The increase in hepatic oxygen consumption occurred approximately 63 d earlier in ewes with twins than in ewes with a single fetus independent of changes in feed intake. Hepatic oxygen consumption increased with duration of gestation and was estimated to account for 40% of the heat production not associated with the gravid uterus. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1950 EP 1955 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XH542 UT WOS:A1997XH54200032 PM 9222854 ER PT J AU Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Fleming, JR AF Lynch, JM Barbano, DM Fleming, JR TI Modification of Babcock method to eliminate fat testing bias between Babcock and ether extraction methods (Modification of AOAC official methods 989.04 and 995.18): Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AB The Babcock test for determining fat in milk (AOAC Official Method 989.04) and in cream (AOAC Official Method 995.18) gives consistently higher test results than does the modified Mojonnier ether extraction reference method (AOAC Official Methods 989.05 and 995.19). To decrease the density of material in Babcock columns and thus lower test results, the Babcock method was modified by lowering the temperatures used at various points in the method, from about 57.5 degrees to 48 degrees C. Using the AOAC collaborative study format, 9 laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk samples (fat range 2.5-5.7%) and 9 pairs of blind duplicate heat-treated cream samples (fat range 30-45%) using the temperature modified (TM) Babcock method. The ether extraction test was conducted as the reference method. The statistical performance (invalid and outlier data removed) of the TM Babcock method was, for milk: percent fat value of 4.110, repeatability standard deviation (s(r)) value of 0.037, reproducibility standard deviation (s(R)) value of 0.047, repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) value of 0.901% and reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) value of 1.147%; and for cream: percent fat value of 37.555, s(r) value of 0.258, s(R) value of 0.353, RSDr value of 0.687% and RSDR value of 0.940%. The TM Babcock method performance was acceptable but not as good as that achieved in previous studies of the unmodified method. For the TM Babcock and ether methods, respectively, average percentages fat were 4.110 and 4.114 for milk, and 37.555 and 37.485 for cream. Temperature modification statistically eliminated the testing bias between methods. The temperature modifications of the Babcock methods for determination of fat in milk and cream (989.04 and 995.18) have been adopted revised first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 USDA,TEXAS MILK MKT SERV,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP Lynch, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY FOODS RES CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 845 EP 859 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XL998 UT WOS:A1997XL99800020 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Sullivan, J Grady, J Wong, LJC AF Liao, CH Sullivan, J Grady, J Wong, LJC TI Biochemical characterization of pectate lyases produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTIC ENZYMES; PROTEINS; CALCIUM AB An improved method for purification of pectate Iyases (PLI and PLII) from culture fluids of Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 and Ps. viridiflava PJ-08-6 by using a phosphocellulose cation exchanger was described. Analysis of purified PLI and PLII by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis revealed that both enzymes had been purified to near homogeneity. Optimal Ca2+ concentration required for PLI and PLII activity was determined to be 0.5 mmol l(-1), The Ca2+ requirement could not be replaced by other metal cations such as Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ Optimal pH for activity was determined to be between 8.5 and 9.0. The k(m) values for sodium polygalacturonate were 1.28 and 1.11 and ml(-1) for PLI and PLII, respectively. Both PLI and PLII were stable at ion temperatures (25 degrees C or below) for at least 1 month. However, at 37 degrees C, the activity decreased 50% in 36 h, Optimal temperatures for activity were estimated to be 46 degrees and 52 degrees C for PLI and PLII, respectively. Thermal stability of both enzymes at elevated temperatures (48 degrees C or higher) increased when CaCl2 or a positively charged molecule such as poly lysine was present, but decreased when polygalacturonate or a negatively charged molecule such as heparin was present. PLI and PLII exhibit differential degrees of sensitivity to group-specific inhibitors, including iodoacetic acid and diethylpyrocarbonate. This result suggests that both sulphydryl and imidazole groups are important for the catalytic function of PLI and PLII. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT BIOL SCI, LOWELL, MA USA. UNIV SO CALIF, CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES, DEPT PATHOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90027 USA. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00158.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XL417 UT WOS:A1997XL41700002 ER PT J AU Harris, SS Eccleshall, TR Gross, C DawsonHughes, B Feldman, D AF Harris, SS Eccleshall, TR Gross, C DawsonHughes, B Feldman, D TI The vitamin D receptor start codon polymorphism (FokI) and bone mineral density in premenopausal American black and white women SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RICKETS; GENE AB This study examines the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and a start codon polymorphism (SCP) at the translation initiation site of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, The thymine/cytosine (T/C) polymorphism in the first of two start (ATG) codons can be detected by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the endonuclease FokI, which recognizes ATG as part of its restriction site, F indicates absence of the first ATG and a VDR that is shorter by three amino acids, The FokI genotype was determined in 154 premenopausal American women (72 black and 82 white) who were 20-40 years old, BMD of the total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The distribution of the SCP genotypes differed significantly by race (p < 0.001): 4% of blacks versus 18% of whites were ff homozygous and 65% of blacks versus 37% of whites were FF homozygous, There was no statistically significant interaction between race and SCP genotype in analyses of BMD at any skeletal site, In the group as a whole, the if women had femoral neck BMD that was 7.4% lower than that of the FF women, The ff white women had total body BMD values that were 4.3% lower and femoral neck values that were 12.1% lower than FF white women, Total body and femoral neck BMD did not differ significantly by genotype in black women, and spine BMD did not differ by genotype in either race, Addition of the SCP genotype to analysis of covariance models comparing BMD of the black and white women reduced estimated differences in femoral neck BMD between the two groups by about 35%, In conclusion, the SCP polymorphism, detected with the endonuclease FokI, appears to influence peak bone density, particularly at the femoral neck Racial differences in its distribution may explain some of the racial difference in femoral neck BMD. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ENDOCRINOL GERONTOL & METAB DIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK50802] NR 18 TC 193 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1043 EP 1048 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.7.1043 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XE899 UT WOS:A1997XE89900008 PM 9200003 ER PT J AU Kiel, DP Myers, RH Cupples, LA Kong, XF Zhu, XH Ordovas, J Schaefer, EJ Felson, DT Rush, D Wilson, PWF Eisman, JA Holick, MF AF Kiel, DP Myers, RH Cupples, LA Kong, XF Zhu, XH Ordovas, J Schaefer, EJ Felson, DT Rush, D Wilson, PWF Eisman, JA Holick, MF TI The BsmI vitamin D receptor restriction fragment length polymorphism (bb) influences the effect of calcium intake on bone mineral density SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE ALLELES; OSTEOPOROTIC WOMEN; GENOTYPES; VIEW AB Precious studies of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD) have suggested that there may be differences in calcium absorption among groups of women with different VDR genotypes, and that the association may be stronger in younger women. To investigate the association between the VDR polymorphisms and BMD, this study was undertaken in the Framingham Study Cohort and a group of younger volunteers, Subjects from the Framingham Study (ages 69-90 years) included those who underwent BMD testing and who had genotyping for the VDR alleles (n = 328) using polymerase chain reaction methods and restriction fragment length polymorphisms with BsmI (B absence, b presence of cut site), A group of younger volunteer subjects (ages 18-68) also underwent BMD testing and VDR genotyping (n = 94), In Framingham Cohort subjects with the bb genotype, but not the Bb or BB genotypes, there were significant associations between calcium intake and BMD at five of six skeletal sites, such that BMD was 7-12 % higher in those with dietary calcium intakes greater than 800 mg/day compared with those with intakes < 500 mg/day. The data also suggested that BMD was higher in persons with the bb genotype only in the group with calcium intakes above 800 mg/day, No significant differences were found in the Framingham Cohort for age-, sex-, and weight-adjusted BMD at any skeletal site between those with the BB genotype and those with the bb genotype regardless of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels or country of origin, In the younger volunteers, BMD of the femoral neck,vas 5.4 % higher (p < 0.05) in the bb genotype group compared with the BE group and 11 % higher (p < 0.05) in males with the bb genotype compared with the BB group, There were no significant differences at the lumbar spine, In this study, the association between calcium intake and BMD appeared to be dependent upon VDR genotype, The finding of an association between dietary calcium intake and BMD only in the bb genotype group suggests that the VDR genotype may play a role in the absorption of dietary calcium, Studies that do not consider calcium intake may not detect associations between VDR genotype and BMD, In addition, the association between VDR alleles and BMD may become less evident in older subjects. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROGENET & NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,VITAMIN D SKIN & BONE RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02215. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,CTR ARTHRITIS,BOSTON,MA 02215. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. GARVAN INST MED RES,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. ST VINCENTS HOSP,SYDNEY,NSW 2010,AUSTRALIA. RP Kiel, DP (reprint author), HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,RES & TRAINING INST,1200 CTR ST,BOSTON,MA 02131, USA. RI Eisman, John/C-2886-2014; OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13645]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR/AG41398] NR 28 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1049 EP 1057 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.7.1049 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XE899 UT WOS:A1997XE89900009 PM 9200004 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM Wood, DF AF Peterson, DM Wood, DF TI Composition and structure of high-oil oat SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oat; oil; tocols; microscopy ID RECURRENT SELECTION REGIMES; GROAT; STABILITY; LIPIDS; TOCOLS; BARLEY AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) selections with elevated oil concentrations ranging from 6.9 to 18.1% were obtained from a recurrent selection breeding regime at Iowa State University. These selections, along with two control cultivars, were analysed to determine their tocol(tocopherol and tocotrienol), protein, starch and beta-glucan concentrations. Selections were also compared by histochemical techniques that stained the oil bodies? protein and beta-glucan. Tocotrienol concentration was correlated with oil concentration (r(2)=0.83), but tocopherol concentration was not Tocotrienols are predominantly located in the endosperm. whereas tocopherols are concentrated in the germ. Tocotrienols are antioxidants and have cholesterol-lowering properties in humans and experimental animals. Protein and beta-glucan concentrations also increased with increasing oil concentration, whereas starch concentration decreased. The micrographs showed that oil and protein were distributed throughout the endosperm. Selections having greater oil and protein concentration by nuclear magnetic resonance and near infrared transmittance assay also showed increased fluorescence. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,501 WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1996.0111 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XF806 UT WOS:A1997XF80600012 ER PT J AU Warthen, JD Lee, CJ Jang, EB Lance, DR McInnis, DO AF Warthen, JD Lee, CJ Jang, EB Lance, DR McInnis, DO TI Volatile, potential attractants from ripe coffee fruit for female Mediterranean fruit fly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coffee fruit; Coffea arabica; host; Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata; medfly; analysis of volatiles; attractant; lure; Diptera; Tephritidae ID LABORATORY FLIGHT TUNNEL; GUAVA PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA; CONSTITUENTS; TEPHRITIDAE; COMPONENTS; DIPTERA; FLIES; PHEROMONE AB Twenty-eight volatile compounds from freshly crushed, ripe, dark red coffee fruit, Coffea arabica, were identified by dynamic headspace analysis techniques. Identifications were made on the basis of a comparison of Kovats indices and GC-MS spectra for unknowns and authentic samples. Of the compounds identified, 10 were alcohols, nine were aldehydes, five were ketones, and four were monoterpenes. The five most abundant volatiles in decreasing order were hexanal (21%), 2-(E)-hexenal (11%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (9.0%), 3-methyl-1-butanal (8.5%), and 1-hexanol (8.4%). The five least abundant volatiles of the 28 identified, in increasing order, were decanal (0.19%), methyl hexanoate (0.33%), pulegone (0.44%), alpha-isomenthone (0.45%), and 2-nonanone (0.55%). In preliminary tests, many of the identified volatiles attracted more female Mediterranean fruit flies than the control. C1 ARS,USDA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. USDA,APHIS,PPQ,HAWAII PLANT PROTECT CTR,WAIMANALO,HI 96795. RP Warthen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1891 EP 1900 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006458.02342.61 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XP246 UT WOS:A1997XP24600017 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Symantec Norton Utilities 2.0 for Windows 95 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Software Review RP Heller, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 819 EP 819 DI 10.1021/ci9703415 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA XN700 UT WOS:A1997XN70000025 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Jacques, P Dallal, G Russell, R AF Sahyoun, NR Jacques, P Dallal, G Russell, R TI Albumin as a predictor of mortality in elderly patients - Response SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OA,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 775,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 7 BP 867 EP 867 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XP086 UT WOS:A1997XP08600019 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Leij, FJ AF Bradford, SA Leij, FJ TI Estimating interfacial areas for multi-fluid soil systems SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SATURATION RELATIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; DISSOLUTION; 2-FLUID; TRANSPORT; DRAINAGE; RATES AB Knowledge of the fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interfacial areas is important to better understand and quantify many flow and transport processes in porous media. This paper presents estimates for interfacial areas of porous media containing two or three fluids from measured capillary pressure (P-c)-saturation (S) relations. The thermodynamic treatment of two-fluid P-c-S relations presented by Morrow (1970) served as the basis for the predictions. In media containing two fluids (air-oil, air-water, oil-water), the solid-nonwetting interfacial area (A(sN)*) equaled zero when the solid was completely wetted by the wetting fluid. The area under the P-c-S curve was directly proportional to the nonwetting-wetting interfacial area (A(NW)*). If the solid surface was not completely wetted by one fluid, A(NW)* and A(sN)* were estimated by weighed partitioning of the area under the P-c-S curve. For porous media with fractional wettability, the procedure was applied separately to water- and oil-wet regions. The values of A(NW)* and A(sN)* were highest and lowest, respectively, in systems that were strongly wetted. In three-fluid media the wetting and spreading behavior of the liquids greatly affected the estimated interfacial areas. For a water-wet medium with a continuous intermediate oil phase, the interfacial areas were predicted from P-c-S data in a similar manner as for two-fluid media. The oil-water and oil-solid interfacial areas were estimated from the oil-water P-c-S curve, while the air-oil interfacial area was obtained from the air-oil P-c-S curve. For a fractional wettability or oil-wet medium there may be as many as six interfaces. These interfacial areas were estimated from three-fluid P-c-S relations based on previously developed methods for predicting three-fluid P-c-S relations from two-fluid data. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,US SALIN LAB,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 36 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(96)00048-4 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA XK435 UT WOS:A1997XK43500005 ER PT J AU Goff, JP Horst, RL AF Goff, JP Horst, RL TI Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk fever; ketosis; displaced abomasum; immunosuppression ID DRY-MATTER INTAKE; DAIRY-COWS; VITAMIN-E; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; RETAINED PLACENTA; HOLSTEIN COWS; MILK FEVER; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; LEUKOCYTIC ACTIVITY AB Most of the metabolic diseases of dairy cows-milk fever, ketosis, retained placenta, and displacement of the abomasum-occur within the first 2 wk of lactation. The etiology of many of those metabolic diseases that are not clinically apparent during the first 2 wk of lactation, such as laminitis, can be traced back to insults that occurred during early lactation. In addition to metabolic disease, the overwhelming majority of infectious disease, in particular mastitis, becomes clinically apparent during the first 2 wk of lactation. Three basic physiological functions must be maintained during the periparturient period if disease is to be avoided: adaptation of the rumen to lactation diets that are high in energy density, maintenance of normocalcemia, and maintenance of a strong immune system. The incidence of both metabolic and infectious diseases is greatly increased whenever one or more of these physiological functions are impaired. This paper discusses the etiological role of each of these factors in the development of common diseases encountered during the periparturient period. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 69 TC 495 Z9 528 U1 13 U2 73 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1260 EP 1268 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA XK903 UT WOS:A1997XK90300004 PM 9241588 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Buxton, DR AF Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Buxton, DR TI Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE milk fever; hypocalcemia; potassium; cation-anion difference ID BOVINE PARTURIENT PARESIS; VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; DIETARY ACIDITY; COWS; HYPOCALCEMIA; ALFALFA; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D AB Milk fever is a complex metabolic disorder that occurs at the onset of lactation. Clinical symptoms of this disease include inappetence, tetany, inhibition of urination and defecation, lateral recumbency, and eventual coma and death if left untreated. The hallmark of this disease is severe hypocalcemia, which probably accounts for most of the clinical signs associated with a milk fever episode. Several factors have been consistently associated with increased incidence of milk fever, including parturition and initiation of lactation, advancing age, breed, and diet. Of the various methods used in attempts to control the disease, the most progress has been made in dietary management. Until recently, most attention has focused on manipulating the levels of dietary calcium to control milk fever incidence; results, however, have been inconsistent, except for those diets containing very low (8 to 10 g/d) concentrations of Ca. During the past decade, there has been renewed interest and research in the use of dietary anions (Cl- and SO42-) in controlling milk fever. An outgrowth of this research has been the surprising realization that dietary K is significant (perhaps more significant than Ca) in determining the susceptibility of dairy cows to milk fever. This knowledge has expanded the understanding of the pathogenesis of milk fever and has focused attention on research designed to study methods for neutralizing the detrimental effects of dietary K excess on periparturient animal health. This report discusses various practical strategies and potential research areas for managing the dietary forage components to minimize the effects of K on milk fever incidence. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 108 TC 181 Z9 190 U1 9 U2 56 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1280 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA XK903 UT WOS:A1997XK90300005 PM 9241589 ER PT J AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, DR TI Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE roughage value; fiber requirements; neutral detergent fiber; chewing activity ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; MILK-FAT DEPRESSION; RUMINAL DIGESTION PROCESSES; ALKALINE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUPPLEMENTARY LONG HAY; DIFFERENT CHOP LENGTHS; FORAGE PHYSICAL FORM; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; PARTICLE-SIZE; ALFALFA HAY AB Current NRC recommendations for dairy cattle provide limited guidance to nutritionists for meeting the fiber and carbohydrate needs of lactating cows. The NRC provides only minimum recommendations for fiber and no accommodation for factors such as physical effectiveness of fiber, interactions with nonfibrous carbohydrates, or animal attributes, which can affect the optimality of dairy rations. To be an improvement, any new system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows must be based on 1) feed characteristics that can be defined and preferably be determined quantitatively using routine laboratory methods and 2) animal requirements that correspond to critical feed characteristics and vary with feeding situation, ration composition, and attributes of the animal. Published data were used to develop coefficients for defining the physical effectiveness or roughage value of feeds and the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Information in this paper is intended to provide practical guidelines for improving current fiber recommendations and to serve as an idealized framework for future research on meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. The system is based on NDF as the measure of total chemical fiber in feeds. Adjustments for the effectiveness of NDF in maintaining milk fat production and optimizing ruminal fermentation are based on the particle size and inherent characteristics of NDF that affect chewing activity, ruminal pH, and milk fat production. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 112 TC 518 Z9 573 U1 5 U2 80 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1463 EP 1481 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA XK903 UT WOS:A1997XK90300024 PM 9241608 ER PT J AU DeMilo, AB Lee, CJ Levi, VA Moreno, DS AF DeMilo, AB Lee, CJ Levi, VA Moreno, DS TI Volatile components of a chicken feather hydrolysate that is highly attractive to the West Indian and Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lure; Mexican fruit fly; Anastrepha ludens; West Indian fruit fly; Anastrepha obliqua; volatiles; food bait; chicken feather hydrolysate ID PH AB A chicken feather hydrolysate prepared by heating feathers with 6N hydrochloric acid was highly attractive to the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). In cage-top laboratory tests to determine the influence of pH on attraction, chicken feather hydrolysate, adjusted to pH 8.0, elicited the greatest response from adult A. obliqua; the attraction response was more than twice that observed for a 10% NuLure(R) (Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corp., Hanover, PA) standard. Neutral or slightly acidic preparations of chicken feather hydrolysate were less effective. While A. ludens was less attractive in the laboratory tests to a 25% chicken feather hydrolysate than a 10% NuLure standard, A. obliqua appeared slightly more attracted to the hydrolysate than NuLure, but not significantly. In a 5-day field test using sterile released A. ludens, 4.5% chicken feather hydrolysate, adjusted to pH 8.0, caught almost 2.5 times more flies than 10% NuLure. Twenty-three volatile compounds that emanated from chicken feather hydrolysate were identified by headspace analysis using CC-MS and GC retention index comparison techniques. Among the volatiles were 7 ketones, 6 alcohols, 2 aldehydes, 2 chlorocarbons and 2 furans. At pH 8.0, the five most abundant compounds in decreasing order were 4-methyl-2-pentanone (76.3%), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (16.5%), 1-hexanol (3.1%), 1-heptanol (0.81%) and 2-butoxyethanol (0.64%). C1 SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP DeMilo, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YK676 UT WOS:A1997YK67600001 ER PT J AU Dix, ME Baxendale, F AF Dix, ME Baxendale, F TI Insect pests and arthropod predators associated with tree-turf landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urban landscapes; windbreaks; turfgrass; biological control; predators; parasites ID KENTUCKY AB Sweep-nets and pitfall traps were used to examine the distribution and dynamics of predominant predators and pests in turfgrass foliage in parks, golf courses and suburban/rural landscapes in 1991 and 1992. Araneae, Formicidae, and Coccinellidae were the most abundant predators in the sweeps, while Araneae, Formicidae, and) Carabidae were the most abundant predators in the pitfall traps. In both years, Araneae comprised over 60% of the total predators in the sweep samples. Formicidae (>70%) and Araneae (13-19%) were the most abundant arthropod predators in the pitfall samples. Cicadellidae, Chrysomelidae, and Orthoptera accounted for over 96% of the prey in the sweep samples, while Cicadellidae, Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), and Aphididae comprised over 90% of the prey in the pitfall samples. Abundance of predators and prey, and prey/predator ratios fluctuated with site, date, and distance from the trees. During the season, high prey/predator ratios usually preceded peak prey abundance in the sweep samples. Predators usually were more prevalent in sweep samples closer to tree borders, while prey populations tended to be higher at distances further from the tree borders. These results suggest that tree borders provide food, shelter, and refuge for predators during periods of environmental stress. RP Dix, ME (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA FS,ROCKY MT RES STN,NATL AGROFORESTRY CTR,EAST CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 257 EP 270 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YK676 UT WOS:A1997YK67600002 ER PT J AU Elden, TC AF Elden, TC TI Influence of soybean lines isogenic for pubescence type on twospotted spider mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) development and feeding damage SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tetranychus urticae; mites; pubescence; plant resistance; soybean ID OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES; INSECTS AB Soybean lines isogenic for glabrous, normal, and dense pubescence developed from the genotypes 'Davis', 'Tracy-M', and D75-10169 were used in studies of the impact of pubescence on twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, development and feeding damage under controlled environmental conditions and a known infestation rate. Significnat differences in progeny and feeding damage of the twospotted spider mite between genotypes were observed. There were no significant differences between isolines within genotypes for number of progeny. Glabrous isolines had significantly more adult mites leave the excised plant leaf and significantly less feeding damage than the normal or dense isolines. Results suggest that leaf pubescence, or in this case lack of, could be a potential factor in the control of the twospotted spider mite on soybean. This study also demonstrates a reliable and uniform laboratory procedure, under controlled conditions, for rearing the twospotted spider mite, screening soybean germplasm, and determining resistance mechanisms. RP Elden, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 470A,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 296 EP 302 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YK676 UT WOS:A1997YK67600006 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Scott, W AF Tillman, PG Scott, W TI Susceptibility of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to field rates of selected cotton insecticides SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE budworm; parasitoid; insecticide susceptibility ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CARNEA NEUROPTERA-CHRYSOPIDAE; COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; ICHNEUMONID PARASITE; NOCTUIDAE; PREDATOR AB The parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) was treated topically with minimum recommended field rates of formulated insecticides commonly used in cotton insect control. The 14 insecticides were acephate, azinphosmethyl, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, fipronil, methomyl, methyl parathion, oxamyl, profenofos, thiodicarb, and AC 303,630. Eleven of the 14 insecticides were extremely toxic to C. marginiventris, causing 80 to 100% mortality of adult wasps, whereas treatment with thiodicarb, oxamyl, and acephate resulted in lower mortality of C. marginiventris males and females. For both male and female C. marginiventris, thiodicarb and oxamyl were less toxic than acephate. Esfenvalerate was the least toxic pyrethroid for C. marginiventris females. Of the three insecticides used in bell weevil control (oxamyl, azinphosmethyl, and methyl parathion), oxamyl was the least toxic to C. marginiventris. Selective use of the insecticides which result in higher survival could facilitate conservation of C. marginiventris. C1 USDA ARS,INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YK676 UT WOS:A1997YK67600007 ER PT J AU Proshold, FI AF Proshold, FI TI Sperm transfer in gypsy moths: Effect of constant or cyclic temperature and constant light or darkness during the pupal stage SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; biorhythm; insect rearing; sterility AB Sperm transfer and fertility of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), held as pupae under constant temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h were compared with males held in cyclic temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Constant temperature and constant light or darkness severely reduced its ability to transfer sperm. Males held under constant light were more severely affected than males held in darkness, but sperm transfer was not correlated with light intensity (between 80 and 3960 lux). Nearly all males held under constant light and most held under constant darkness were sterile or partially sterile. In either case, sterility was caused by poor sperm transfer. Females with a full complement of sperm were fertile regardless of holding condition of male pupae. The sterilizing effect of constant light or darkness was overridden by cyclic temperature of 28 degrees C for 16 h and 22 degrees C for 8 h. At a photoperiod of 16:8 h, pupae held in constant 28 degrees C transferred less sperm than those held at 25 degrees C. Pupae held at constant 30 degrees C were sterile, but those held at 30 degrees C for 16 h and 25 degrees C for 8 h transferred similar quantities of sperm as males held at constant 28 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Proshold, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 321 EP 331 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YK676 UT WOS:A1997YK67600009 ER PT J AU Sloan, JJ Dowdy, RH Dolan, MS Linden, DR AF Sloan, JJ Dowdy, RH Dolan, MS Linden, DR TI Long-term effects of biosolids applications on heavy metal bioavailability in agricultural soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TRACE-METALS; CADMIUM; ZINC; EXTRACTION; COPPER; FRACTIONATION; MANGANESE; SORPTION AB Concerns exist over the long-term availability of trace metals in biosolids-amended soils. The objective of this study was to quantify extractable forms of trace metals in biosolids-amended, continuously cultivated soils after cessation of sewage sludge applications and to determine their bioavailability to romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa L.). Trace metals in surface soils from two biosolids-amended sites were speciated into increasingly stable chemical fractions using a series of sequential extractions that were operationally defined as exchangeable (Exch), specifically adsorbed (SA), Fe-Mu oxide and acid replaceable (Ox/AR), residual organic (R-Org), and residual inorganic (R-In). Romaine lettuce was grown on the soils to determine heavy metal bioavailability. In control and biosolids-amended soils, 60 to 75% of Cd was found in the more easily extracted Exch and SA forms, but the percentage was significantly greater in the biosolids-amended soils. Biosolids applications also increased the percentages of Ni and Zn in the Exch and SA fractions of Cr and Pb. Greater than 75% of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were found in the relatively stable Ox/AR, R-Org, and R-In fractions of control and biosolids-amended soils. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Zn in aboveground lettuce tissue, and to a lesser extent, Cu and Cr, were significantly increased by biosolids applications, but Pb uptake was not affected. Cadmium, Cr, and Cu concentrations in lettuce were highly correlated (P < 0.001) to metal concentrations in one or more of the Exch, SA, and Ox/AR soil chemical fractions. Results of this study show that 15 yr after biosolids applications, the relative bioavailability of biosolids-applied heavy metals was Cd much greater than Zn greater than or equal to Ni > Cu much greater than Cr > Pb. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. NR 28 TC 95 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 966 EP 974 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100009 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ Daniel, TC Moore, PA Edwards, DR Pote, DH AF Nichols, DJ Daniel, TC Moore, PA Edwards, DR Pote, DH TI Runoff of estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol from poultry litter applied to pasture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; FESCUEGRASS PLOTS; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY AB Environmental loading of hormones contained in poultry litter may cause or contribute to disruptions in the health and reproductin of animals. A runoff study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that poultry litter applied to pasture contributes the estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol to runoff. The objectives were to determine the effects of (i) rate of litter application, (ii) amending litter with alum [aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3).14H(2)O)], and (iii) multiple storms on runoff concentrations and losses of 17 beta-estradiol from poultry litter applied to fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) plots. Normal litter and litter treated in production houses with 1.2 kg alum m(-2) were applied to four replicated plots 1.52-m wide by 3.05-m long on Captina silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, mesic Typic Fragiudult) at 1.76, 3.52, 5.28, and 7.05 Mg ha(-1). Simulated rain was applied immediately thereafter and 7 d later at 50 mm h(-1). Runoff samples were collected at 5-min intervals for 30 min beginning 2.5 min after runoff began, and a single flow-weighted composite was obtained from the six discrete samples. The 17 beta-estradiol content of the composites was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. First-storm runoff concentrations and mass losses increased with application rate and were 1.28 mu g L-1 and 198.8 mg ha(-1) from the highest application rate of normal litter. Amending the litter with alum reduced mean 17 beta-estradiol concentrations by 42% and losses by 46% in first-strom runoff. Overall, second-storm runoff concentrations and losses were 66 and 69% less than from the first storm. This research indicates that field-applied poultry litter can contribute 17 beta-estradiol to runoff, that this hormone can persist for at least 7 d under field conditions, and amending poultry litter with alum can significantly reduce transport in runoff. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, USDA ARS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, BIOSYST & AGR ENGN DEPT, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT AGRON, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1002 EP 1006 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100014 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, SR Gan, J AF Wang, D Yates, SR Gan, J TI Temperature effect on methyl bromide volatilization in soil fumigation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TRACE ORGANICS; WATER; CH3BR; HEAT AB Recent interest in characterizing methyl bromide emission has focused on field and laboratory measurements, which are expensive to conduct and very time consuming. Predicting methyl bromide volatilization with numerical or analytical models has been limited to idealized situations without considering environmental conditions such as diurnal temperature change. It has been found that temperature can strongly affect methyl bromide volatilization under field conditions. To quantitatively characterize temperature effect, we adopted a two-dimensional numerical model that can solve simultaneous equations of water, heat, and solute transport (including both liquid and vapor phases). Functional relationships were established between temperature and methyl bromide liquid-gas phase partition coefficient or the Henry's constant, diffusion coefficient in soil air space, and the permeability of polyethylene tarp. To test the model, soil properties and boundary conditions from Yates et al. (1996 a,b,c) were used. The model prediction was completely independent of the field measurement. The model simulation by considering diurnal variations of soil temperature predicted the cumulative emission that agreed well with the measured flux density. Prediction without considering temperature missed the diurnal nature in emission flux density. Comparable results were also obtained for methyl bromide concentration in the soil profile. The key advantage of this model is its ability of describing diurnal variations in methyl bromide emission flux. Based on the temperature effect on temporal variations of methyl bromide emission, we believe that small sampling intervals are needed to determine the dynamic nature of methyl bromide emission under field conditions, especially during the first 24 h after application. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1079 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100022 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Chernyak, SM Hapeman, CJ Biboulian, S AF Rice, CP Chernyak, SM Hapeman, CJ Biboulian, S TI Air-water distribution of the endosulfan isomers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HENRY LAW CONSTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREAT-LAKES; PESTICIDES; TEMPERATURE; SEAWATER AB The objective of this study was to experimentally characterize the air/water partitioning of the two major isomeric forms of commercially applied endosulfan. Henry's law constants (HLCs) or air/water partitioning constants for technical endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10-hexachloro-1,4,-5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano -2,4,3-benzo-dioxathiepin-3-oxide) and its two major isomers, endosulfan I and endosulfan II, were experimentally determined using a wetted wall column (WWC) method. The HLC values for the isomers were significantly higher than their literature HLC values. The HLCs for salt water were higher than distilled water suggesting that the salt ions reduced the solubilities of the chemicals. The HLC of endosulfan I was log linearly related to change in temperature; however, no such relationship could be established for endosulfan II. When pure endosulfan II (99% endosulfan II and 1% endosulfan I) was allowed to equilibrate in the WWC apparatus, the ratio of endosulfan II to endosulfan I in the gas phase became 8:92 at 20 degrees C. These results suggested that the II form of endosulfan was converting to the I form. This apparent conversion was observed to be temperature dependent. Air/water transfer of the endosulfan isomers was similar when either N or air was used as the gas phase. The ratio of endosulfan I to endosulfan II observed in the gas phase when HLC experiments with technical endosulfan were performed (91:9) were similar to ratios of the two isomers that are observed in field-collected air samples. C1 NATL BIOL SERV, GREAT LAKES SCI CTR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), ARS, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, NAT RESOURCES INST, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100025 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR Ohr, HD Sims, JJ AF Gan, J Yates, SR Ohr, HD Sims, JJ TI Volatilization and distribution of methyl iodide and methyl bromide after subsoil application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL FUMIGATION; DIFFUSION AB Methyl iodide (MeI) was recently proposed as a potential replacement for methyl bromide (MeBr) as a soil fumigant, but little is known about its fate in the environment. Volatilization of MeI was measured and compared with that of MeBr in packed soil columns with different soils and under various soil surface conditions. Under the same conditions, MeI volatilization loss was greater than that of MeBr, and the enhanced volatilization was attributed to its slower degradation in soil. In a Greenfield sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haploxeralfs), the greatest loss occurred in a nontarped application (78% for MeI and 62% for MeBr), with the smallest loss in a high-barrier plastic-tarped treatment (28% for MeI and 24% for MeBr). Covering the soil surface with polyethylene film was ineffective in preventing MeI or MeBr volatilization. Volatilization losses of MeI and MeBr were also influenced by soil type, and were significantly less from soils that were high in organic matter content and capable of rapidly degrading the fumigants. Ten days after a point application (30 cm) in field plots covered with polyethylene film, higher MeI concentrations were detected at most depths. Because of its Longer persistence in soil, MeI may have a greater tendency ten reach groundwater than MeBr. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP Gan, J (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1107 EP 1115 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100026 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN AF Sharpley, AN TI Rainfall frequency and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from soil amended with poultry litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-DISPOSAL AB Repeated land application of manure has enriched runoff N and P in some areas. Here, more restrictive manure management guidelines may be adopted. The main factors affecting N and P runoff from land receiving manure include the rate, method, and timing of application. Of these factors, least information is available on timing; thus, the effect of rainfall frequency and timing (7-35 d at 2.54 cm h(-1)) after poultry litter application (incorporated into surface 5 cm of soil at 10 Mg ha(-1); i.e., 380 kg N and 160 kg P ha(-1)) on N and P concentrations in runoff was investigated for 10 Oklahoma soils, Runoff N and P concentrations decreased with 10 successive rains, starting 7 d after litter application. Although the decrease in N concentration was independent of soil type, decreases in dissolved (DP) and bioavailable P (BAP) were related to percent saturation of soil P sorption sites (r(2) of 0.97 and 0.62, respectively). Increasing the time between litter application and rainfall from 1 to 35 d reduced total N from 7.54 to 2.34, ammonium-N (NH4-N) 5.53 to 0.11, DP 0.74 to 0.45, and BAP 0.99 to 0.65 mg L-1, by leaching and volatilization of N and sorption of P. Nitrate-N (NO3-N) concentrations were unaffected by rainfall frequency and timing. Runoff N and P may he reduced by avoiding litter applications during periods of high rainfall probabilities, with these reductions greater for high than low P sorbing soils. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 30 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1132 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100029 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Wood, CW Kimball, BA LaMorte, RL Pinter, PJ Wall, GW AF Prior, SA Torbert, HA Runion, GB Rogers, HH Wood, CW Kimball, BA LaMorte, RL Pinter, PJ Wall, GW TI Free-air carbon dioxide enrichment of wheat: Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; RESPONSES AB The predicted positive impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on crop biomass production suggests that more C will reach the soil. An aspect of soil C sequestration that requires further study is the effect of elevated CO2 on C and N dynamics; this relationship is the keg to understanding potential longterm C storage in soil. Soil samples (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm increments) were collected after 2 yr of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under two CO2 levels [370 (ambient) and 550 mu L L-1 (free-air CO2 enrichment) (FACE)] and two water treatments [100% of ET replaced (wet) and 50% of ET replaced (dry)] on a Trix clay loam [fine, loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents] at Maricopa, AZ. Organic C, total N, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were determined during a 60-d incubation study. Organic C content increased at all three soil depths under FACE and the total N content increased at the 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths. In general, increased N mineralization under dry conditions corresponded well with patterns of higher C mineralization and turnover. Nitrogen mineralization was unaffected by CO2 treatment, indicating that factors other than N may limit C mineralization and turnover. Soil respiration and C turnover patterns were not affected by CO2 treatment level at the 0 to 5 cm depth; however, these measures were Lower under FACE at the lower depths. Soil respiration and C turnover at the 10 to 20 cm depth were increased by water stress under ambient CO2; these measures under both water levels for FACE were similar to the ambient CO2/wet treatment, suggesting that more C storage in wheat cropping systems is likely under elevated CO2 regardless of mater treatment. C1 ARS, USDA, GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. AUBURN UNIV, DEPT AGRON & SOILS, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB, BOX 3439, AUBURN, AL 36831 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1166 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XN531 UT WOS:A1997XN53100034 ER PT J AU Kaiser, WM Huber, SC AF Kaiser, WM Huber, SC TI Correlation between apparent activation state of nitrate reductase (NR), NR hysteresis and degradation of NR protein SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE enzyme hysteresis; nitrate reductase; posttranslational modification; protein phosphorylation; protein turnover ID SPINACIA-OLERACEA LEAVES; ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; HIGHER-PLANTS; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; RAPID MODULATION; KINASE; AMP; INACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was measured in extracts from spinach leaves exposed to light or prolonged darkness, and to various treatments provoking an artificial activation of the enzyme in the dark. NR activity was determined immediately either in the presence of Mg2+, which gives an estimation of the putative (actual) activity in situ (NRact), or in EDTA without preincubation, which gives an intermediate activity (NRint), or after a 30 min preincubation with EDTA plus AMP plus Pi, which gives the maximum NR activity (NRmax). NRmax is thought to reflect total NR protein contents. In the dark, NRact was usually very low. Dark inactivation was prevented or reversed by feeding AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxiamide ribonucleoside), or by anaerobiosis, acid treatment or addition of uncoupler. During prolonged darkness, WRmax decreased, indicating net protein degradation with a half-time of 21 h. Conditions which caused an activation (dephosphorylation) of NR in the dark, slowed down NR protein degradation. This was also confirmed by Western blotting. Blockage of cytosolic protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) did not accelerate NR protein degradation. In contrast, after 5 h in the dark, NRact increased in CHX-treated leaves. As this increase was sensitive to PPPA-inhibitors, it was probably due to NR dephosphorylation. However, extractable NR kinase and NR phosphatase activities were not changed by CHX treatment, Apparently, CHX interacted with the NR regulatory system indirectly by affecting turnover of another protein. The increase from NRint to NRmax which occurred during preincubation of the leaf extract with EDTA plus AMP plus Pi was insensitive to PP2A inhibitors and was interpreted as a hysteretic conversion of NR from an inactive into an active farm. Hysteretic activation was positively correlated to the NR phosphorylation state. A model is presented to explain the hysteretic behaviour of NR in relation to NR phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Overall, the data indicate that NR protein phosphorylation only controls catalytic activity of NR, but also acts as a signal for NR protein degradation, with phospho-NR probably being a better substrate for protein degradation than the dephospho-form. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI & BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Kaiser, WM (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH BOTANISCHEM GA,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 48 IS 312 BP 1367 EP 1374 DI 10.1093/jxb/48.7.1367 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XT438 UT WOS:A1997XT43800003 ER PT J AU Palumbo, SA Pickard, A Call, JE AF Palumbo, SA Pickard, A Call, JE TI Population changes and verotoxin production of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains inoculated in milk and ground beef held at low temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE E-coli O157:H7; verotoxin; background flora; low temperature; EHEC; milk; ground beef ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; OUTBREAK; O157-H7; DIARRHEA AB This study investigated the influence of low temperature and background flora on growth and verotoxin production by strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in milk and ground beef. In the presence of no or low background flora, there was growth of the strains at 8 degrees 0. High background flora in ground beef inhibited growth at this temperature. In the foods held at low temperatures, only small amounts of verotoxin were detected; however, even at the optimum 37 degrees C, there was still relatively little verotoxin formed compared to that in broth cultures. Even under nongrowth conditions (high background flora or 5 degrees C holding temperature), the strains remained viable. These data suggest any food contaminated by these bacteria and held at the recommended temperature of 5 degrees C will remain hazardous, and under certain conditions, holding at temperatures greater than or equal to 8 degrees C would increase the hazard. RP Palumbo, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, EASTERN REG RES CTR, MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 60 IS 7 BP 746 EP 750 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XL341 UT WOS:A1997XL34100001 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW Boyd, G Fox, JB Lakritz, L AF Thayer, DW Boyd, G Fox, JB Lakritz, L TI Elimination by gamma irradiation of Salmonella spp. and strains of Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman meat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; staphylococcus; alligator; bison; caiman; irradiation ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; FOODS AB There is an expanding industry for the marketing of high-value meats from animals other than the typical domesticated species, including, but not limited to, bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman. In this study we compared the gamma radiation resistance of a mixture of salmonellae (Salmonella dublin, S. enteritidis, S. newport, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium) and a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 13565, ATCC 25923, and B124) when present on ground bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman meats at 5 degrees C. A minimum of five doses were used to establish the D values, and the studies were replicated three times. Because the type of meat did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter the radiation resistance of salmonellae and of S. aureus only slightly in the case of ostrich meat, all of the results for each organism were combined to obtain radiation D values of 0.53 +/- 0.02 and 0.37 +/- 0.01 kGy for Salmonella spp. and S. aureus, respectively. The authors conclude that both of these food-borne pathogens, if present, can be eliminated or greatly reduced in number, depending upon the level of contamination, from these meats by gamma radiation doses between 1.5 and 3.0 kGy at 5 degrees C, the doses currently approved by the FDA and USDA for the irradiation of poultry. The authors also conclude that similar, if not identical, control of food-borne pathogens should be expected on edible meats in general, not just on those that are generically related. RP Thayer, DW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 60 IS 7 BP 756 EP 760 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XL341 UT WOS:A1997XL34100003 ER PT J AU Kadan, RS Champagne, ET Ziegler, GM Richard, OA AF Kadan, RS Champagne, ET Ziegler, GM Richard, OA TI Amylose and protein contents of rice cultivars as related to texture of rice-based fries SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rice; rice-based fries; amylose; protein; texture AB Mixtures of short-, medium-, and long-grain rice flours, defatted rice bran, salt, and water were extruded and fried to produce French fry-like products. Amylose and protein correlated positively with instrumental measures of hardness and gumminess. Water contents of frozen and fried fries correlated negatively with hardness and gumminess. Low protein rice cultivars retained more water than high protein cultivars during extrusion followed by cooling. Amylose content correlated negatively with water content of fried fries. Fries formulated from waxy rice had hardness and gumminess comparable to commercial French-fried potatoes, but all other fries were too hard and gummy. RP Kadan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 701 EP 703 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15439.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300014 ER PT J AU Baker, RA Hagenmaier, RD AF Baker, RA Hagenmaier, RD TI Reduction of fluid loss from grapefruit segments with wax microemulsion coatings SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus; grapefruit; edible coating; minimal processing; fluid loss ID EDIBLE COATINGS; QUALITY AB Fresh whole peeled grapefruit or segments produced by vacuum infusion with pectinases are considered minimally processed products. When dry packed, segments from mature late season fruit had fluid losses >15% during 4 wk storage. Edible wax microemulsion coatings reduced leakage of dry-packed segments by 80% after 2 wk, and 64% after 4 wk storage, and were optimally effective in reducing leakage when diluted to 12% solids. Coatings could be made with polyethylene, candelilla or carnauba wax, and with lauric, stearic, palmitic, oleic or myristic acids. Coatings with carnauba wax were most effective. Whether made with morpholine or ammonia as the base, coatings were not detected by informal taste panels before or after storage. RP Baker, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15456.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300031 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Cooke, PH Heidel, AE Martin, ST Miller, RL AF Sapers, GM Cooke, PH Heidel, AE Martin, ST Miller, RL TI Structural changes related to texture of pre-peeled potatoes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pre-peeled potato; browning inhibitors; texture; microscopy ID CANNED SNAP BEANS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; COOKED POTATOES; GELATINIZATION; COOKING; STARCH; PECTIN AB Pre-peeled potatoes, treated with heated ascorbic/citric acid solutions to control browning, undergo firming and separation of superficial tissues that affect texture after mashing and slicing following cooking. Examination of superficial parenchyma cells in cooked potatoes by scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated greater cell wall rigidity and middle lamella retention in samples treated with browning inhibitors than in untreated controls. Lumps in mashed potatoes prepared from treated samples showed similar characteristics. Treated samples sometimes displayed a discontinuity beneath the superficial tissue, corresponding to site of tissue separation during slicing. These observations are consistent with treatment-induced changes in cell wall and/or middle lamella pectins as the cause of such textural defects. C1 EPL TECHNOL INC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19113. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15458.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300033 ER PT J AU Zaika, LL Scullen, OJ Fanelli, JS AF Zaika, LL Scullen, OJ Fanelli, JS TI Growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by sodium polyphosphate as affected by polyvalent metal ions SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the International-Association-of-Milk-Food-and-Environmental-Sanitarians CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1995 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians DE phosphates; metals; growth kinetics; Listeria ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; SENSITIVITY; PHOSPHATES AB Sodium polyphosphate (SPP, average chain length = 13) increased the lag time of L. monocytogenes Scott A (Lm) in brain-heart infusion broth (BHI). Polyvalent metal ions (1-10 mM) reversed inhibition of Lm growth by 0.5% SPP (nominal 3.6 mM). 10 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+, 5 mM Fe3+, 2 mM Mn2+ or 1 mM Zn2+ added to SPP-containing BHI, pH 6.0, at 19 degrees C resulted in growth comparable to control cultures. Fe2+ partially restored growth; Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ or Al3+ were ineffective. SPP inhibited growth at 28 degrees C in BHI, pH 5.0, and Lm grew upon addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+, but not Zn2+ or Fe3+. Addition of 0.5% SPP to mineral-rich foods, such as pureed beef, green beans or sweet potatoes, did not delay growth. RP Zaika, LL (reprint author), ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 867 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15474.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300049 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Lyon, CE AF Lyon, BG Lyon, CE TI Sensory descriptive profile relationships to shear values of deboned poultry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sensory; descriptive analysis; texture; poultry breast; shear values ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES; OBJECTIVE TEXTURE; PECTORALIS-MAJOR; WING RESTRAINTS; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE; TIMES AB Poultry breasts were deboned at 2, 6, and 24h post-mortem to provide ranges of characteristics to test instrumental and sensory tenderness relationships. Sensory descriptive texture attributes were separated by Variable Cluster Analysis into five groups representing mechanical, moisture, and chewdown characteristics. Warner-Bratzler and Allo-Kramer shear values indicated differences due to deboning time and correlated highly (r greater than or equal to 0.90) with mechanical and chewdown sensory characteristics. However, texture profiles of samples in shear value ranges corresponding to consumer 'tender-tough' categories showed that texture remained differentiated by deboning times. Particle size, bolus and wetness characteristics interacted with minor attributes of saliva, ease of swallow, and mouthcoating to contribute to sensory perceptions and differentiations of texture. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 885 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15479.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XT773 UT WOS:A1997XT77300054 ER PT J AU Curtis, RO Marshall, DD Bell, JF AF Curtis, RO Marshall, DD Bell, JF TI LOGS: A pioneering example of silvicultural research in coast Douglas-fir SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Curtis, RO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 7 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XK252 UT WOS:A1997XK25200007 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP AF Prestemon, JP TI The effects of NAFTA expansion on US forest products exports SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,SO RES STN,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 7 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XK252 UT WOS:A1997XK25200008 ER PT J AU Swanson, F AF Swanson, F TI The landslide quandary SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Swanson, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 7 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XK252 UT WOS:A1997XK25200013 ER PT J AU Xu, G Wilson, W Mecham, J Murphy, K Zhou, EM Tabachnick, W AF Xu, G Wilson, W Mecham, J Murphy, K Zhou, EM Tabachnick, W TI VP7: An attachment protein of bluetongue virus for cellular receptors in Culicoides variipennis SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPSID PROTEIN; PARTICLES; INFECTION; CELLS; CERATOPOGONIDAE; NEUTRALIZATION; PURIFICATION; SEROTYPES; CLEAVAGE; VECTORS AB The importance of VP7 of bluetongue virus (BTV) in the binding of BTV to membrane proteins of the BTV vector Culicoides variipennis was investigated. Core BTV particles, prepared from whole viruses, lacked outer proteins VP2 and VP5 and had VP7 exposed. More core particles and whole viruses bound to membrane preparations of adults of C. variipennis and KC cells, which were cultured from this vector insect, than to membrane preparations of Manduca sexta larvae. More core particles than whole viruses bound to membrane preparations of adults of C. variipennis and KC cells. Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id), which were made against an antigen-combining region of an anti-BTV-10 VP7 antibody and functionally mimicked VP7, bound more to the membrane preparations of adults of C. variipennis and KC cells, and less to cytosol preparations. In Western overlay analysis, the Culicoides plasma membrane preparation reduced binding of an anti-VP7 monoclonal antibody to VP7. Whole and core BTV particles and the anti-id bound to a membrane protein with a molecular mass of 23 kDa that was present predominantly in membrane preparations of adults of C. variipennis and KC cells. This protein was present in much lower concentrations in membrane preparations of C6/36 and DM-2 insect cells. C1 USDA ARS, ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. UNIV MEMPHIS, DEPT MOL CELL SCI, MEMPHIS, TN 38152 USA. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA, ANIM DIS RES INST, NEPEAN, ON, CANADA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 78 BP 1617 EP 1623 PN 7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XJ747 UT WOS:A1997XJ74700016 PM 9225038 ER PT J AU Johnson, PA Simon, A AF Johnson, PA Simon, A TI Effect of channel adjustment processes on reliability of bridge foundations SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ALLUVIAL CHANNELS AB Alluvial channels readily adjust their morphology, hydraulics, and sedimentology in response to disturbances. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal trends of channel adjustment is central to the protection and maintenance of bridges. In this study the reliability of a bridge during the process of erosive channel adjustments following channel modifications is quantified. An interdisciplinary approach is used to determine the stage of channel evolution following the disturbance and the dominant processes during each stage, and to compute the probability of bridge failure or reliability. An actual case study in west Tennessee is provided. Information from this technical note can be used to determine the effect of channel modifications on highway structures and the vulnerability of bridges to erosional processes over the life of the bridge, and to assess maintenance and mitigation needs. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1997 VL 123 IS 7 BP 648 EP 651 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:7(648) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA XH832 UT WOS:A1997XH83200008 ER PT J AU Nachabe, MH Illangasekare, TH Morel-Seytoux, HJ Ahuja, LR Ruan, HA AF Nachabe, Mahmood H. Illangasekare, Tissa H. Morel-Seytoux, Hubert J. Ahuja, Laj R. Ruan, Huan TI INFILTRATION OVER HETEROGENOUS WATERSHED: INFLUENCE OF RAIN EXCESS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Once the soil surface reaches saturation, rain excess is generated. This rain excess may run over and infiltrate in other areas of the watershed. In this study, we consider three scenarios of distributing rain excess/run-on to examine how it affects infiltration over a watershed. For these scenarios, we introduce simple solutions that allow the users to (1) estimate the ponded area-fraction of the watershed, and (2) determine the area-averaged infiltration. The solutions are practical because they require trivial computations. The solutions of ponding time and area-averaged infiltration account for the influence of initial water content and contain parameters with precise physical meaning. We find that area-averaged infiltration depends strongly on the distribution of rain excess at the surface. Thus we question the use of many stochastic area-averaged infiltration models that ignore the influence of rain excess. C1 [Nachabe, Mahmood H.] Asian Inst Technol, Water Engrg & Mgmt Program, Klongluang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Nachabe, Mahmood H.; Ahuja, Laj R.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Illangasekare, Tissa H.; Ruan, Huan] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morel-Seytoux, Hubert J.] Hydrol Days Publicat, Atherton, CA 94027 USA. RP Nachabe, MH (reprint author), Asian Inst Technol, Water Engrg & Mgmt Program, POB 4, Klongluang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1997)2:3(140) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AI UT WOS:000207774500009 ER PT J AU Golding, BL Smith, RE Willeke, GE Ponce, VM Hawkins, RH AF Golding, Bernard L. Smith, Roger E. Willeke, Gene E. Ponce, Victor M. Hawkins, Richard H. TI RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER: HAS IT REACHED MATURITY? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Smith, Roger E.] AERC Colorado State Univ, ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Willeke, Gene E.] Miami Univ, Inst Envir Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Ponce, Victor M.] San Diego State Univ, Civ & Envir Engrg Dept, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hawkins, Richard H.] Univ Arizona, Watershed Resour Program, Sch Renewable Nat Resour, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1997)2:3(145) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AI UT WOS:000207774500010 ER PT J AU Mohanty, BP Kanwar, RS AF Mohanty, BP Kanwar, RS TI A relative-flux-correction scheme for analyzing three dimensional data of a tile-drained agricultural plot SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL DEPENDENCE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SOIL PROPERTIES; WEST SUMATRA; TILLAGE; INTERPOLATION; TRANSPORT; RESISTANT; INDONESIA AB The use of simple geostatistical tools is often constrained by data trend (nonstationarity) to characterize the spatial variability of soil properties in the subsurface environment influenced by any site-specific feature(s). Adaptive approaches, such as site-specific robust-resistant schemes, median polishing, trend analysis, etc., are thus used to preprocess the spatial data before analyzing for their spatial structures. Soil water nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration (mg l(-1)) and soil moisture content (cm) data collected jointly from 175 sites arranged on a 5 x 7 x 5 three-dimensional (3-D) grid network of 7.6 m x 7.6 m x 0.3 m spacings in a tile-drained agricultural plot were analyzed for their three-dimensional spatial distribution and for possible coregionalization. We propose a physical process-based correction scheme to preprocess the nonstationary spatial data of soil NO3-N concentration and soil moisture content. Using the subsurface-drain flow phenomenon, we developed a relative-Darcy-flux-based correction scheme to remove any tile drainage-induced nonstationarity in the spatial data of soil NO3-N concentration and soil moisture content prior to conducting the spatial analysis in the 3-D soil volume. 3-D composite semivariograms of relative-flux-corrected NO3-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected moisture content showed anisotropic linear structures in three principal directions. Linear models characterized by steep slopes were found in the directions perpendicular to tile line as opposed to nugget models found in the direction parallel to the tile line. Good spatial correlation between the relative-flux-corrected NO3-N concentration and relative-flux-corrected soil moisture content and their anisotropic linear semivariograms produced anisotropic linear cross semivariograms in 3-D. The 3-D composite cross semivariogram will be useful in predicting the more expensive variable, (relative-flux-corrected) soil water NO3-N concentration, at unsampled locations in the soil profile with a cheaper surrogate, the measured (relative-flux-corrected) soil moisture content. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA 50011. RP Mohanty, BP (reprint author), ARS,US SALIN LAB,USDA,RIVERSIDE,CA, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03225-8 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XM203 UT WOS:A1997XM20300007 ER PT J AU Hou, CT Brown, W Labeda, DP Abbott, TP Weisleder, D AF Hou, CT Brown, W Labeda, DP Abbott, TP Weisleder, D TI Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Oil Chem Soc DE unsaturated fatty acids; trihydroxy fatty acid; bioconversion; Clavibacter; linoleic acid; 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid ID RICE BLAST DISEASE; OLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; NRRL B-14859; BIOCONVERSION; COMPOUND; IDENTIFICATION; CONVERSION; PLANT; DS5 AB A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 mu m x 2 mu m), It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2, The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction, THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2, This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation, Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected, THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900414 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XR177 UT WOS:A1997XR17700006 PM 9281851 ER PT J AU Hayek, MG Taylor, SF Bender, BS Han, SN Meydani, M Smith, DE Eghtesada, S Meydani, SN AF Hayek, MG Taylor, SF Bender, BS Han, SN Meydani, M Smith, DE Eghtesada, S Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E supplementation decreases lung virus titers in mice infected with influenza SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AGED MICE; A VIRUS; IMMUNITY AB Effects of vitamin E (E) supplementation on influenza infection were examined in young and old C57BL/6NIA mice fed 30 or 500 ppm of E for 6 weeks and subsequently infected with influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2). Old mice fed 30 ppm of E had significantly higher lung virus titers on days 2 and 7 after infection than young mice fed 30 ppm of E. Titers on all 3 days were significantly lower in old mice fed 500 ppm of E than in those fed 30 ppm. Significant effects of E on lung virus titers in young mice were observed on only day 5, but E caused more reduction of virus titers in old than in young mice (25-fold vs, 15-fold). An age-associated decline in NK cell activity was restored by 500 ppm of E in old but not young mice. Pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity on day 7 was not affected by age or E. These experiments demonstrate that high doses of E significantly enhance influenza viral clearance in aged mice but only modestly affect young mice. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,VASC BIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT COMPARAT BIOL & MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED & GERIATR RES EDUC,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CTR CLIN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1086/517265 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500039 PM 9207381 ER PT J AU Alonso, LE VanderMeer, RK AF Alonso, LE VanderMeer, RK TI Source of alate excitant pheromones in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; alates; excitant pheromones; mandibular glands; alarm ID MANDIBULAR GLAND SECRETION; MULTICOMPONENT ALARM PHEROMONES; MYRMICA-RUBRA; WEAVER ANT; WORKERS; BEHAVIOR; CHEMISTRY; QUEENS; CASTE AB At the onset of mating flights in Solenopsis invicta, workers swarm excitedly over the mound as alates prepare to fly. Previous studies demonstrated that this excitement is stimulated by the male and female alates. We investigated the glandular source(s) of pheromones produced by the alates that cause excitement. The only common female and male alate body parr that elicited excitement when crushed was the head. Within the head, excised mandibular glands were found to be responsible for worker excitement. Fire ant workers are very sensitive to external stimuli and some excitement was elicited by crushed female gasters and male thoraces, but the response was never as significant as with crushed heads, Tests with summer and winter alates revealed similar results, except that gasters of winter female alates had a greater excitant effect than did gasters of summer female alates. This may be due to the production of attractant pheromones by the poison glands of overwintering female alates. We conclude that the mandibular gland is the source of alate excitant pheromones. C1 AGR RES SERV, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, USDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32608 USA. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 541 EP 555 DI 10.1007/BF02765376 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XY954 UT WOS:A1997XY95400006 ER PT J AU Weirich, GF Bell, RA AF Weirich, GF Bell, RA TI Ecdysone 20-hydroxylation and 3-epimerization in larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L: Tissue distribution and developmental changes SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 20-hydroxyecdysone; 3-epiecdysone; fat body; midgut; malpighian tubules ID MANDUCA-SEXTA MIDGUT; 3-OXOECDYSTEROID REDUCTASES; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; COTTON LEAFWORM; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; 20-MONOOXYGENASE; INACTIVATION; ENZYMES; METAMORPHOSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The potential for ecdysone metabolism was determined for various larval tissues of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Homogenates of fat body, midguts, and Malpighian tubules, taken on different days during the second half of the fifth instar, were incubated with [H-3]ecdysone, and the products were analyzed by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLC, All tissues showed conversion to 20-hydroxyecdysone, and midguts also produced 3-epiecdysone. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20MO) activity in the fat body increased from a low level on day 5 to a peak on day 11, coinciding with the peak in the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer on the penultimate day of the instar, Midguts and Malpighian tubules showed E20MO activity only during the last 3 or 4 days of the instar, with the highest activity also occurring on the penultimate day, For the midguts, the appearance of the E20MO coincided with the transition from larval to pupal tissue, No activity was detected in larval midguts, 3-Epiecdysone formation, however, was mainly found in larval midguts, with only marginal activity detectable in pupal midguts. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Weirich, GF (reprint author), ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 43 IS 7 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(97)00024-3 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA XT816 UT WOS:A1997XT81600006 ER PT J AU Erickson, E Cohen, A Brummett, D Lusby, W Cameron, B AF Erickson, E Cohen, A Brummett, D Lusby, W Cameron, B TI Tyrosine nodules in the gasters of adult honeybees SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tyrosine; nodules; honeybees; Apis mellifera AB Opaque white nodules were discovered in the gasters of worker honeybees taken from hives infested with Varroa jacobsoni and stored in alcohol for 3 to 5 days. Dissection revealed that these nodules are most often attached to the inner cuticle or midgut and encased in basement membrane. Nodules were present in large numbers of adult bees across all ages but rarely in pupae or larvae. Nodules were found only in bees emerging from mite infested cells. Older bees in the same colony had a much higher incidence with nodules than did newly emerged and 3-day-old bees. Chemical analyses demonstrated that the principal component of these nodules is tyrosine, a precursor for several compounds important in the wound healing and immunological reactions of insects. Factors contributing to the formation of these nodules are yet unknown. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. ARIZONA DEPT AGR,PHOENIX,AZ 85001. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Erickson, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4663 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XJ188 UT WOS:A1997XJ18800003 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Becnel, JJ Undeen, AH AF Johnson, MA Becnel, JJ Undeen, AH TI A new sporulation sequence in Edhazardia aedis (Microsporidia: Culicosporidae), a parasite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Edhazardia aedis; Aedes aegypti; early development; sporulation ID INTRACELLULAR GERMINATION; NOSEMA-ALGERAE; CULTURED-CELL; SPORES; DIMORPHISM AB The presence of a previously unrecognized sporulation sequence during the early development of the microsporidium Edhazardia aedis is described from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. This new information, together with the previous data on this species, has established that the developmental cycle of E. aedis is characterized by four sporulation sequences, two in the parental host and two in the filial generation. This is the first report of a microsporidium exhibiting four sporulation sequences. The events of gametogony, plasmogamy, nuclear association, and merogony occur almost exclusively in the gastric caeca following the initial infection and culminate with the formation of a first binucleate spore. This spore is morphologically, ultrastructurally, temporally, and functionally different from the second binucleate (transovarial) spore. Our findings suggest that the first binucleate spore is responsible for autoinfection and that its descendants lead to the formation of the second binucleate spore. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. OI Rotstein, Margaret/0000-0002-5055-8278 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4678 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XJ188 UT WOS:A1997XJ18800008 ER PT J AU ShacharHill, Y Befroy, DE Pfeffer, PE Ratcliffe, RG AF ShacharHill, Y Befroy, DE Pfeffer, PE Ratcliffe, RG TI Using bulk magnetic susceptibility to resolve internal and external signals in the NMR spectra of plant tissues SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID CATION NMR; PERMEABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; METABOLISM; RESONANCE; DIFFUSION; REAGENTS; CELLS; MAIZE; ROOTS AB Internal and external NMR signals from a variety of plant cells and plant tissues can be resolved by changing the bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) of the perfusing medium with [Gd (EDTA)](-) or Dy(DTPA-BMA). This separation is observed in samples consisting of cylindrical cells oriented along the Bo field, and is consistent with established theoretical predictions about BMS effects. Evidence is presented that the shifted signals represent material outside the tissue as well as some contribution from intercellular spaces and cell walls, while intracellular signals are unshifted. The paramagnetic complexes used to separate the signals are shown to be nontoxic and to have no effect on a number of transport processes. The method has been applied to roots, shoots, and giant algal cells, facilitating the interpretation of the in vivo spectra from a range of biologically important magnetic isotopes. The potential of the method for studies of transport is illustrated with experiments showing: (i) N-14/N-15 isotopic exchange of nitrate in roots; (ii) the influx of HDO into root and shoot segments; and (iii) the use of saturation transfer to follow water movement into and out of plant cells. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,OXFORD OX1 3RB,ENGLAND. RP ShacharHill, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; Ratcliffe, George/0000-0001-8394-1575 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1006/jmre.1997.1185 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA XQ510 UT WOS:A1997XQ51000002 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA AF Horst, Ronald L. Goff, Jesse P. Reinhardt, Timothy A. TI Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism During Lactation SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE Lactation; milk; calcium; vitamin D; mammary gland ID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN; MOUSE MAMMARY-GLAND; SERUM PARATHYROID-HORMONE; NORMAL HUMAN-PREGNANCY; CANCER CELL-LINES; DAIRY-COWS; INTESTINAL CALCIUM; BOVINE-MILK; PLASMA 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB Calcium transfer to the fetus in late pregnancy and the subsequent transfer of calcium to milk represent the greatest challenges to calcium homeostasis in adult animals. The adaptation of the maternal calcium homeostatic mechanisms is the result of a complex interplay between calciotropic hormones and the tissues, intestine, bone, and kidney, responsible for providing the large amounts of calcium needed to support fetal skeletal growth and lactation. In this review, we will discuss general calcium homeostasis followed by a review of the specific adaptations required by the human, rat, and cow to meet fetal and lactational demands for calcium. Finally, we will review what is known about the regulation of calcium transfer from the plasma to the milk. C1 [Horst, Ronald L.; Goff, Jesse P.; Reinhardt, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Horst, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rhorst@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 82 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 EI 1573-7039 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1023/A:1026384421273 PG 11 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA V25HH UT WOS:000208468600005 PM 10882309 ER PT J AU Jones, SR Kunz, SE AF Jones, SR Kunz, SE TI Importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; supercooling point; cold injury; overwintering strategies ID INSECT COLD-HARDINESS; DIAPAUSE AB Supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae. newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of Haematobia irritans (L.) and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of H. irritans also were tested. Mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degrees C for H. irritans eggs to -6.8 degrees C for H. irritans larvae. Mean supercooling points of all H. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable S. calcitrans developmental stages, with the exception of larvae where the reverse was true. The mean supercooling point of diapausing H. irritans pupae (-23.5 degrees C) was significantly lower than those of nondiapausing laboratory pupae (-20.8 degrees C) or nondiapausing wild pupae (-20.2 degrees C). Developmental stages of both species were freeze intolerant, with no survival following exposures to temperatures below the supercooling points. Results are discussed with respect to the disparate overwintering strategies of these species and in relation to typical climatic minima experienced in south central Texas. The cold tolerance of H. irritans and S. calcitrans pupae was compared at 4 degrees C, a temperature below their developmental threshold of 11.5 degrees C and above their mean supercooling points. The survival of H. irritans pupae was significantly greater than the survival of S. calcitrans pupae. Cold injury was a significant mortality factor for both species. RP Jones, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 426 EP 429 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA XK080 UT WOS:A1997XK08000008 PM 9220676 ER PT J AU Mount, GA Haile, DG Daniels, E AF Mount, GA Haile, DG Daniels, E TI Simulation of blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) population dynamics and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease; spirochete; modeling; computer simulation ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS; LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; LONE STAR TICK; SCAPULARIS ACARI; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB A model (LYMESIM) was developed for computer simulation of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, population dynamics and transmission of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigenwalt & Brenner. LYMESIM simulates the effects of ambient temperature, saturation deficit, precipitation, habitat type, and host type and density on tick populations. Epidemiological parameters including host infectivity, tick infectivity, transovarial transmission, and transstadial transmission are included in the model to simulate transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete between vector ticks and vertebrate hosts. Validity of LYMESIM was established by comparing simulated and observed populations of immature I. scapularis on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, (Rafinesque), at 2 locations in Massachusetts. Validity also was indicated by comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of blacklegged ticks in New York, Massachusetts, Florida, and Oklahoma-Arkansas. Further model validity was shown by correlation between simulated and observed numbers of immature ticks engorging on white-footed mice at 3 sites in Massachusetts. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 20-yr population density when historical meteorological data for 16 locations in eastern North America were used. Realistic rates of infection in ticks were produced for locations in the northeastern and northcentral United States. LYMESIM was used to study the effect of white-footed mouse and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), densities on tick density and infection rates. The model was also used to estimate tick density thresholds for maintenance of B. burgdorferi. RP Mount, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 125 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 461 EP 484 PG 24 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA XK080 UT WOS:A1997XK08000014 PM 9220682 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Drinkwater, LE AF Buyer, JS Drinkwater, LE TI Comparison of substrate utilization assay and fatty acid analysis of soil microbial communities SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Substrate Use for Characterization of Microbial Communities in Terrestrial Ecosystems (SUBMECO) CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA DE biolog; fatty acid; microbial community ID MANAGED SOILS; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; PROFILES AB Two methods for the characterization of microbial communities in field soil samples were compared. Experimental subplots were established in the Farming Systems Trial at the Rodale Institute Research Center in Kutztown, PA, USA. In the legume system, plots receiving green manure (hairy vetch) were compared to those receiving corn stover and a small amount of rye residue. In the conventional system, samples were collected in plots where corn stover was incorporated. Carbon source utilization profiles were developed using Biolog plates, while total soil fatty acids were determined by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Principal component analysis and canonical discriminate analysis were used to analyze the data. The two methods gave similar but not identical results. Management history had more effect than specific crop residue, but temporal effects were greater than treatment effects. Certain shifts in microbial communities were detected by fatty acid analysis but not by carbon utilization assay, suggesting that changes in microbial species composition occurred that were not accompanied by changes in microbial community function. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RODALE INST,KUTZTOWN,PA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BLDG 001,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 16 TC 99 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(97)00038-9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA XX112 UT WOS:A1997XX11200002 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Davis, TA Ebner, S Schoknecht, PA Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ AF Burrin, DG Davis, TA Ebner, S Schoknecht, PA Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ TI Colostrum enhances the nutritional stimulation of vital organ protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pigs; colostrum; protein synthesis; organs; growth factors ID 1ST 24 H; AMINO-ACID; BINDING-PROTEINS; PORCINE MILK; INSULIN; MUSCLE; GROWTH; LACTATION; PRETERM; INFUSION AB Our objective was to determine the relative importance of the macronutrient components of colostrum in the stimulation of vital organ protein synthesis in neonatal pigs, We studied colostrum-deprived newborn pigs within 4-6 h after birth (unfed) and three groups fed for 24 h mature milk, colostrum, or a formula containing a macronutrient composition comparable to that of colostrum. We measured protein synthesis in vivo using a flooding dose of H-3-phenylalanine. The fractional rates of protein synthesis (K-s) in the brain, heart, lung, kidney and spleen were significantly higher in all fed groups than in the unfed newborns, Among the three fed groups, brain and heart protein synthesis rates were greater in colostrum-fed than in either milk- or formula-fed pigs, Kidney and spleen protein synthesis rates in colostrum- and formula-fed pigs were not significantly different, but both were higher than in milk-fed pigs, The stimulation of kidney protein synthesis in response to feeding was primarily a consequence of greater protein synthetic efficiency; however, protein synthetic capacity in the heart, lung and spleen was generally greater in colostrum- and formula-fed pigs than in unfed newborns, Our results suggest that the predominant stimulus for vital organ protein synthesis in colostrum-fed neonatal pigs is nutrient intake, However, there was a specific stimulation of both brain and heart protein synthesis in colostrum-fed pigs that cannot be attributed to macronutrients. C1 INRA,RECH PORCINES STN,F-35590 HERMITAGE,FRANCE. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1284 EP 1289 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XH989 UT WOS:A1997XH98900006 PM 9202081 ER PT J AU Lominadze, D Saari, JT Miller, FN Catalfamo, JL Schuschke, DA AF Lominadze, D Saari, JT Miller, FN Catalfamo, JL Schuschke, DA TI von Willebrand factor restores impaired platelet thrombogenesis in copper-deficient rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE rats; microvessels; shear rate; thrombogenesis; von Willebrand factor ID HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; ADHESION; FLOW; MICROCIRCULATION; MICROVESSELS; AGGREGATION; MODULATION; REACTIVITY; HEMOSTASIS AB Dietary copper restriction reduces microvascular thrombogenesis. We have now examined the roles of shear forces and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in in vivo thrombus formation in the cremaster microcirculation of copper-deficient rats. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets that were either copper-adequate (6.3 mg Cu/kg) or copper-deficient (0.3 mg Cu/kg) for 4 wk. Intravascular fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged to bovine serum albumin was activated with 450-490 nm light to induce thrombus formation in microvessels. Thrombus initiation time was significantly prolonged in copper-deficient rats; after thrombus appearance, however, vessel occlusion was significantly accelerated, The greater shear rates of arterioles compared with venules significantly increased the thrombus initiation time in both groups. However, vessel occlusion time and thrombus growth time were independent of shear rate. Intravascular VWF (0.2 u/100 g body wt) decreased thrombus initiation time in the CuD group without affecting thrombus growth time, The data suggest that decreased thrombogenesis in copper-deficient rats is not a result of altered rheological factors or arteriolar-venular differences, but appears to result from decreased platelet-to-endothelial cell adhesion. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14850. OI Lominadze, David/0000-0002-9911-4539 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1320 EP 1327 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XH989 UT WOS:A1997XH98900011 PM 9202086 ER PT J AU Lee, MF Russell, RM Montgomery, RK Krasinski, SD AF Lee, MF Russell, RM Montgomery, RK Krasinski, SD TI Total intestinal lactase and sucrase activities are reduced in aged rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Nutrition CY MAY 04-06, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Soc Clin Nutr DE lactase-phlorizin hydrolase; sucrase-isomaltase; aging; rats; disaccharidase ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MESSENGER-RNA; ISOMALTASE EXPRESSION; LACTOSE-INTOLERANCE; PHLORIZIN HYDROLASE; TURNOVER; PREVALENCE; PROTEIN; ASSAY; ACID AB Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are intestinal microvillus membrane hydrolases that play important roles in carbohydrate digestion, Although the expression of these enzymes during postnatal development has been characterized, the effect of old age on disaccharidase activity is poorly understood. In the present investigation, we examined the effect of aging on lactase and sucrase activities and their mRNA levels in the small intestines of 3-, 12- and 24- mo-old rats by sampling from nine equidistant segments of small intestine, Total intestinal disaccharidase activity or mRNA abundance was determined from areas under the proximal-to-distal curves, Rats 24 mo of age had total intestinal lactase and sucrase activities that were 12 and 38% lower, respectively, than the 3-mo-old animals (P < 0.05). In contrast, total LPH and SI mRNA abundance did not change significantly. Thus, total intestinal lactase and sucrase activities decrease with age in a manner that likely involves a posttranscriptional process, The age-related decline in disaccharidase activity, if extrapolated to humans, may have important implications for the digestion of carbohydrate contained in the diet of the elderly. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR SCI & POLICY,MEDFORD,MA 02155. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK34928, R01 DK32658] NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1382 EP 1387 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XH989 UT WOS:A1997XH98900021 PM 9202095 ER PT J AU Loughrey, KA Balch, GI Lefebvre, RC Doner, L Johnston, C Eisner, E Hadley, L AF Loughrey, KA Balch, GI Lefebvre, RC Doner, L Johnston, C Eisner, E Hadley, L TI Bringing 5 a day consumers into focus: Qualitative use of consumer research to guide strategic decision making SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE INTAKE; HEALTH; FRUIT AB As part of the national 5 A Day for Better Health program, a communication strategy based on a social marketing model was developed to guide the program's media campaign. Using this approach, the campaign focused on consumer wants and needs to help increase the prospects of influencing consumer behavior. The work discussed herein describes how consumer research was used to select and profile a target audience for the national 5 A Day media campaign. It shows how formative consumer research data from multiple sources were integrated to make practical strategic campaign decisions based on the target consumer's perspective. RP Loughrey, KA (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,1120 20TH ST NW,SUITE 200,N LOBBY,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0022-3182(97)70194-8 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XQ561 UT WOS:A1997XQ56100001 ER PT J AU Jatoi, A Hanjosten, K Ross, E Mason, JB AF Jatoi, A Hanjosten, K Ross, E Mason, JB TI A prospective survey for central line skin-site colonization by the pathogen Malassezia furfur among hospitalized adults receiving total parenteral nutrition SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID USUAL RISK-FACTORS; PITYROSPORUM-ORBICULARE; INTRALIPID THERAPY; FUNGEMIA; INFECTIONS; PATIENT; CULTURE AB Background: Over 50 case reports suggest that Malassezia furfur is an emerging systemic pathogen in neonates who receive IV lipid emulsions. Because isolation of this fungus requires special culture techniques, which are not routinely used, the authors of many case reports of M. furfur infections in adults question whether infections caused by this organism are being underdiagnosed in older patients. Methods: Catheter insertion site colonization rates in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were prospectively evaluated in 149 hospitalized patients with 928 cultures handled specifically for M. furfur detection. Positive control samples consisted of M. furfur cultures in neonates and in adults, who had not been enrolled in the study, and of. separate positive culture obtained from a skin site inoculated with M. furfur. Results: M. furfur was not cultured from any of the 928 study samples (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.4% to +0.4%). Conclusions: These results suggest that M. furfur is less of a threat to hospitalized adults receiving TPN than has been otherwise postulated. These data do not support the inclusion of special cultures for M. furfur in routine skin-site surveillance programs among hospitalized adults receiving TPN. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,ADULT NUTR SUPPORT SERV,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Jatoi, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CLIN NUTR,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1177/0148607197021004230 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XM333 UT WOS:A1997XM33300010 PM 9252950 ER PT J AU Fairey, AK Butte, NF Mehta, N Thotathuchery, M Schanler, RJ Heird, WC AF Fairey, AK Butte, NF Mehta, N Thotathuchery, M Schanler, RJ Heird, WC TI Nutrient accretion in preterm infants fed formula with different protein: Energy ratios SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy; formula; minerals; nitrogen; nutrient balance; protein infants ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; HUMAN-MILK; METABOLIC RESPONSE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MINERAL METABOLISM; BALANCE; CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION AB Background: Although standard formulas for preterm infants promote intrauterine rates of weight gain, fat deposition in preterm infants fed these formulas has been reported to be considerably higher than that in the fetus. We hypothesized that a preterm infant formula with a higher protein:energy (P:E) ratio would promote accretion rates of fat, fat-free mass, and minerals closer to those of the fetus. Methods: As part of a larger study to determine whether accretion rates of fat and fat-free mass closer to those of the fetus can be achieved with a higher P:E ratio, we present a descriptive analysis of 72-h nutrient balance studies performed on a subset (n = 15/30) of the infants randomly assigned to be fed formula with a P:E ratio of either 3.2 g/100 kcal or 2.6 g/100 kcal. Results: Despite the higher intake and net absorption of nitrogen by infants fed the higher P:E formula, there was no statistically significant difference in net nitrogen retention between groups. There also were no statistically significant differences between groups in digestible energy, metabolizable energy, energy expenditure, or energy storage. Thus, partitioning of stored energy as protein and fat did not differ between groups. The retention of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, copper, and zinc also did not differ between groups, and nitrogen intake did not affect mineral retention. Conclusions: In this study, formula for preterm infants with a P:E ratio of 3.2 g/100 kcal vs. 2.6 g/100 kcal provided no apparent benefit in terms of the proportion of fat to lean tissue accretion as determined from nutrient balance data. (C) 1997 Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00188-30] NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1097/00005176-199707000-00006 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA XH560 UT WOS:A1997XH56000006 PM 9226525 ER PT J AU Keshen, TH Miller, RG Jahoor, F Jaksic, T AF Keshen, TH Miller, RG Jahoor, F Jaksic, T TI Stable isotopic quantitation of protein metabolism and energy expenditure in neonates on- and post-extracorporeal life support SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Annual Meeting of the Section on Surgery of the American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY OCT 26-30, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Acad Pediatr, Surg Sect DE extracorporeal life support; stable isotope; protein metabolism; energy expenditure; leucine ID MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; NITROGEN-BALANCE; AMINO-ACIDS; TURNOVER AB It is generally assumed that extracarporeal life support (ECLS) provides a metabolic ''rest state'' by replacing approximately 80% of cardiopulmonary work. The aim of this study was to precisely quantify neonatal energy expenditure (EE) and whole-body protein metabolism on (during) and post (after) venoarterial ECLS using stable isotope tracer techniques. Nine parenterally fed neonates on-ECLS were studied at 7.8 +/- 1.0 days of life (mean +/- SE), five of which were studied post-ECLS on 27.0 +/- 5.4 days of life, EE and whole-body protein metabolism were quantified using a primed, continuous infusion of L-[1-C-13]leucine and (NaHCO3)-C-13. The neonates studied on- and post-ECLS had similar rates of endogenous leucine flux (370 +/- 46 mu mol/kg/h v 339 +/- 76 mu mol/kg/h), leucine oxidation (161 +/- 22 mu mol/kg/h v 121 +/- 25 mu mol/kg/h), nonoxidative disposal rates of leucine (313 +/- 37 mu mol/kg/h v 331 +/- 75 mu mol/kg/h), net protein balance (-2.31 +/- 0.8 g/kg/d v -0.33 +/- 1.1 g/kg/d), and EE (88.6 +/- 7.7 kcal/kg/d v 84.3 +/- 9.2 kcal/kg/d). These results demonstrate that neonates on-ECLS are in hypermetabolic and protein catabolic states that continue in the post-ECLS phase. The authors conclude that ECLS does not provide a metabolic ''rest state.'' Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT SURG,DIV PEDIAT SURG,CLIN CARE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT SURG,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 7 BP 958 EP 962 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90377-8 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA XM221 UT WOS:A1997XM22100007 PM 9247212 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Matheny, TA AF Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Matheny, TA TI Crop production in a wheat-cotton doublecrop rotation with conservation tillage SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; WINTER COVER; YIELD; SURFACE; SYSTEM; WATER AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production has dramatically increased in the Southeast, but the role of conservation tillage in doublecropped cotton systems has not been clearly defined. Therefore, from 1988 to 1994, we investigated doublecropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton on plots that had been in continuous conservation vs. conventional tillage since 1979. The experimental site wits located near Florence, SC, on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). Conventional tillage consisted of multiple diskings and cultivations; surface tillage was eliminated for conservation tillage. Wheat yields were not significantly affected by tillage, but cotton yields were significantly higher for conservation tillage (P less than or equal to 0.01). Cotton planting dates ranged from 7 to 18 June, and 5 of the 7 yr had more than 145 frost-free days. Two years had crop failure because of early freezes, and a June drought prevented the planting of cotton in 1 yr. In the 4 yr with harvestable yields, seed cotton yields among the eight cultivars ranged from about 500 to 2200 and 300 to 1850 lb/acre for conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. The early maturing cultivar, 'Deltapine (DP) 20,' had the highest seed cotton yields with means of 1442 and 1123 lb/acre for conservation and conventional tillage, respectively Development of earlier maturing cotton and wheat cultivars will be important for this cropping system in the northern Coastal Plain portion of the Cotton Belt. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,2611 W LUCAS ST,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XY052 UT WOS:A1997XY05200015 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Graham, D Galyean, ML James, LF AF Ralphs, MH Graham, D Galyean, ML James, LF TI Creating aversions to locoweed in naive and familiar cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conditioned taste aversion; cattle grazing; poisonous plant; white locoweed; Oxytropis sericea ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; NEW-MEXICO; EXTINCTION; LARKSPUR; RETENTION; RUMINANTS; EXPOSURE; CONTEXT AB The objective of this study was to determine if cattle that were familiar with white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt, ex T&G) could be aversively conditioned to avoid eating it, In the first preliminary trial, we tried to aversely condition native steers that were already eating locoweed Six of 12 steers were penned, fed fresh-picked locoweed, then dosed via a stomach tube with lithium chloride (LiCl, 200mg/kg BW), When released into the locoweed-infested pasture, they gradually increased locoweed consumption over the next 5 days, The conditioning procedure was repeated with a lower dose (100 mg/kg BW), but locoweed consumption increased within 10 days until they were consuming as much as the non-averted controls, In the second trial, we compared the strength and longevity of aversion between steers that were familiar with locoweed (n = 6) and naive steers (n = 6), Both groups were averted to locoweed as described in Trial 1 and returned to locoweed-infested pasture, The Familiar group decreased locoweed consumption for the first 2 days, then gradually increased locoweed consumption and extinguished the aversion, The Naive group subsequently refused to graze locoweed, In the third trial, aversions were reinforced following grazing locoweed in the pasture, Three steers from the Familiar group were allowed to graze locoweed for 30 min, periods, then were returned to the pen and dosed with LiCl (100 mg/kg BW), These steers were kept in the pen and allowed to recover for 36 hours, This reinforcement process following grazing was repeated 4 times, Steers in the Reinforced group abstained from eating locoweed when released into the locoweed-infested pasture for the remainder of the trial, Reinforcement of aversions following field grazing of locoweed prevented cattle that were familiar with locoweed from grazing it. C1 W TEXAS A&M UNIV,CANYON,TX 79016. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.2307/4003300 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200005 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH AF Ralphs, MH TI Persistence of aversions to larkspur in naive and native cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE conditioned food aversion; social facilitation; cattle grazing; poisonous plant; tall larkspur; Delphinium barbeyi ID LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; TASTE-AVERSION; FOOD AVERSIONS; PREFERENCE; RANGELANDS AB The objective of this study was to create and maintain a long lasting aversion to tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth) under field grazing conditions. Two grazing trials were conducted: the first used cattle naive to larkspur, and the second used cattle that were familiar with larkspur, In the first trial, 12 mature cows that were not familiar with larkspur were randomly allocated to Averted and Control groups (n = 6), They were fed larkspur (a novel food) and the Averted group was dosed with lithium chloride (200 mg/kg body weight) to create the aversion. Both groups were then taken to larkspur-infested mountain rangeland where they grazed in 2 separate pastures during the late summer of 1993, 1994, and 1995, The aversion was not reinforced in 1994 or 1995, Diets were quantified by bite count, The Averted group abstained from eating larkspur for 3 years, The Control group grazed larkspur for an average of 14% of bites. Three Control cows died from larkspur poisoning in 1993, and another cow was poisoned, but survived in 1994, During the last 2 weeks of the 1995 trial, the Averted and Control groups were placed together, and the social influence of the Control cows eating larkspur caused the Averted cows to sample larkspur and gradually extinguished the aversion, In the second trial (1994 and 1995), 5 native cows that had grazed on the allotment and were familiar with larkspur were averted to larkspur by the procedure described above, They abstained from eating larkspur while grazing separately, but extinguished the aversion when placed with nonaverted Control cows at the end of the study in 1995, Aversions are retained in long term memory and may last indefinitely if averted cattle graze separately. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.2307/4003301 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200006 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Jones, WA Pfister, JA AF Ralphs, MH Jones, WA Pfister, JA TI Damage from the larkspur mirid deters cattle grazing of larkspur SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological control; Hopplomachus affiguratus; cattle poisoning; Delphinium barbeyi ID MOUNTAIN AB The larkspur mirid (Hopplomachus affiguratus) is host specific to tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth), These insects suck cen solubles from leaves and reproductive racemes, causing flowers to abort and leaves to desiccate, Cattle generally prefer larkspur flowering heads, pods, and leaves, and are frequently poisoned The objective of this experiment was to determine if cattle would avoid eating mirid-damaged Larkspur, A 2-choice cafeteria feeding trial was conducted to determine preference for mirid-damaged and undamaged larkspur, Four cows were offered a choice of the 2 types of larkspur in 10 min, feeding trials in the morning and evening for 5 days, Cows preferred the undamaged larkspur plants (0.8 kg +/- 0.08, SE) over mirid-damaged plants (0.1 kg +/- 0.03, SE), The cows were then turned out into a larkspur-infested pasture and consumption of mirid-damaged and undamaged larkspur was quantified by bite count, The cows did not select any mirid-damaged larkspur, Consumption of undamaged Larkspur peaked at 17% of bites on the second day of the grazing trial, then declined as mirid damage on the plants increased, If the density of mirids on larkspur is sufficiently high to damage most of the leaves and flowering racemes, grazing by cattle may be deterred, and subsequent poisoning avoided. C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 371 EP 373 DI 10.2307/4003302 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200007 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR Price, KW James, LF AF Pfister, JA Ralphs, MH Manners, GD Gardner, DR Price, KW James, LF TI Early season grazing by cattle of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) infested rangeland SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing management; poisonous plants; alkaloids; methyllycaconitine; cattle diets ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; ABUNDANCE; PHENOLOGY; BARBEYI AB A series of summer grazing studies were conducted to evaluate cattle consumption of preflowering tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi [Huth] or D, occidentale [Wats,] Wats.) on mountain rangeland in Utah, Colorado, and Idaho during 1987 to 1995, Cattle ate little or no larkspur before flowering racemes were elongated. Consumption of tall larkspur by cattle was also generally low during the early flower stage, with some notable exceptions at the Salina and Manti, Utah sites, These grazing studies indicate that risk of losing cattle to tall larkspur is low if plants have not flowered, Even though concentration of toxic alkaloids is typically much higher in immature compared to mature tall Larkspur, toxicosis is unlikely to occur because consumption by cattle is low, Many livestock operations can gain 4 to 5 weeks of low-risk grazing on tab larkspur-infested rangeland early in the grazing season, and this should be considered in developing grazing management plans. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.2307/4003306 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200011 ER PT J AU Bai, YG Booth, DT Roos, EE AF Bai, YG Booth, DT Roos, EE TI Effect of seed moisture on Wyoming big sagebrush seed quality SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis; germination percentage; germination rate; seedling vigor; seed weight; seed dispersal ID GERMINATION; TEMPERATURE; IMBIBITION AB Seed germination and seedling vigor of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt, ssp, wyomingensis) were evaluated following manipulation of seed moisture, a practice benefiting many species, At the time of harvest, seed moisture ranged from 2.3 to 9.0% for 5 collections tested and seeds with moisture between 5 to 6% had the highest and most rapid germination. Seed moisture changed during storage, but germination percentage was not affected by post-harvest seed moisture change, indicating that germination is related more to habitat or genetic variations than the initial moisture content, Seedling vigor increased after storage, suggesting that after-ripening may be required, Seeds of 2 commercial collections were subsequently humidified at 2, 5, 10, and 15 degrees C for up to 15 days, or to 60% moisture content. Seed moisture increased most gradually at 2 degrees C and seeds held at 10 degrees C attained a higher moisture level than at other temperatures, Germination percentage, germination rate, and seedling vigor were similar between treatments and controls regardless of seed moisture change, Imbibition temperature did not affect germination percentage or seedling vigor, hut the time to 50% germination decreased with increasing inbibition temperature. We conclude that artificial seed moisture management did not affect germination percentage, germination rate, or seedling vigor of this species when tested under optimum moisture conditions, Germination is more related to habitat or genetic variables than initial seed moisture content. C1 USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSL RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.2307/4003310 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200015 ER PT J AU Taylor, CA Ralphs, MH Kothmann, MM AF Taylor, CA Ralphs, MH Kothmann, MM TI Vegetation response to increasing stocking rate under rotational stocking SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; native range; livestock grazing; grazing management; rotational grazing ID SHORT-DURATION; GRAZING SYSTEMS; HIGH-INTENSITY; LOW-FREQUENCY AB This 10-year study was designed to evaluate vegetation response to increasing stocking rates under rotational stocking (3 days graze, 51 days rest) and long-term rest. The 4 stocking rate treatments ranged from the recommended rate for moderate continuous grazing to 2.7 times the recommended rate. Common curly-mesquite [Hilaria belangeri (Steud,) Nash] increased (P = 0.05) in all grazed treatments and decreased in the livestock exclosure. Sideoats grams [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] along with other midgrasses decreased (P = 0.07) in all grazed treatments and increased in the livestock exclosure. Because the midgrasses were palatable species and not abundant, they were defoliated too intensively and too frequently, Rotational stocking was not able to sustain initial species composition at any of the stocking rates tested. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341. RP Taylor, CA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,RES STN,SONORA,TX 76950, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.2307/4003313 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK182 UT WOS:A1997XK18200018 ER PT J AU Russell, SM Cox, NA Bailey, JS Fung, DYC AF Russell, SM Cox, NA Bailey, JS Fung, DYC TI Miniaturized biochemical procedures for identification of bacteria SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; SYSTEMS; FOODS C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Russell, SM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00160.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XT371 UT WOS:A1997XT37100002 ER PT J AU Groothuis, PG Blair, RM Simmen, RCM Vallet, JL Grieger, DM Davis, DL AF Groothuis, PG Blair, RM Simmen, RCM Vallet, JL Grieger, DM Davis, DL TI Uterine response to progesterone in prepubertal gilts SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; UTERUS; CELLS; ACID; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; ENDOMETRIUM; SECRETION; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; GROWTH AB During early pregnancy, progesterone stimulates the secretion of proteins and other molecules that support the developing conceptus. Some gilts are able to support conceptus development as early as 110 days of age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the onset of responsiveness of the prepubertal uterus to progesterone. Thirty gilts were assigned to receive 2.2 mg progesterone kg(-1) body mass per day or corn oil daily for 14 days starting at 6, 46, 76, 106, and 136 days of age. Hysterectomies were performed the day after the last treatment of progesterone, and the uterine horns were weighed and flushed with sterile saline (0.85% NaCl). Recovered flushings were analysed for total luminal protein, retinol binding protein, uteroferrin, prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F. An interaction between age and progesterone occurred for uterine wet mass (P<0.001). Progesterone did not affect the uterine mass of gilts that underwent hysterectomy at 20 days of age, but did increase the uterine mass (P<0.05) in other age groups. Progesterone increased (P < 0.01) the amount of total luminal protein in all but the youngest gifts. An increase in the amounts of retinol binding protein and uteroferrin (P < 0.001) by progesterone was first observed in 90-day-old gifts. Prostaglandins exhibited a different age-related pattern. The amount of prostagIandin E was increased (P < 0.001) by progesterone treatment in gilts aged 90-150 days, with a greater (P < 0.05) response at 120 days than at 90 days old. The response at 150 days old decreased (P< 0.05) to that observed at day 90. The response of prostaglandin F to progesterone followed a similar age-related pattern. Therefore, uterine responsiveness to progesterone develops between 20 and 90 days after birth, and uterine mass responds earlier than the secretory responses measured in our study. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XU232 UT WOS:A1997XU23200006 PM 9306976 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Havstad, KM Coffin, DP AF Herrick, JE Havstad, KM Coffin, DP TI Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID WESTERN C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND ECOSYST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS JOURNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XN136 UT WOS:A1997XN13600003 ER PT J AU Majerus, M AF Majerus, M TI Restoration of disturbances in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP Majerus, M (reprint author), USDA,NRCS,PLANT MAT CTR,BRIDGER,MT, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 232 EP 236 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XN136 UT WOS:A1997XN13600005 ER PT J AU Kitchen, NR Blanchard, PE Hughes, DF Lerch, RN AF Kitchen, NR Blanchard, PE Hughes, DF Lerch, RN TI Impact of historical and current farming systems on groundwater nitrate in northern Missouri SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; MANAGEMENT AB A major objective of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Project has been to assess farming system impact on NO3-N concentrations in shallow aquifers. In Missouri our interest was to assess farming systems on the claypan soil/glacial aquifer. Three fields were selected and instrumented with groundwater welts in the spring of 1991. Wells were sampled quarterly and analyzed for NO3-N. Average NO3-N concentration since 1991 was 7 mg l(-1), but 25% of the wells had NO3-N in excess of 10 mg l(-1). In one field, NO3 concentrations were much higher and are still decreasing after apparently receiving excess nitrogen (N) from manure and N fertilizer before 1980. Long-term N management has long-term impacts on groundwater quality in this aquifer. Current farming systems are probably affecting groundwater quality: but, because of the glacial till's apparent buffer for NO3 storage, groundwater NO3 concentration changes are slow. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. MFA AGR SERV,LEXINGTON,MO 64067. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 272 EP 277 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XN136 UT WOS:A1997XN13600011 ER PT J AU Edwards, WM Shipitalo, MJ Lal, R Owens, LB AF Edwards, WM Shipitalo, MJ Lal, R Owens, LB TI Rapid changes in concentration of herbicides in corn field surface depressions SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL SOIL; EARTHWORM BURROWS; WATER-QUALITY; LOAM SOIL; ATRAZINE; MOVEMENT; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS; SORPTION AB Although herbicide concentrations in runoff water leaving treated fields have long been evaluated reports of in-field concentrations in water that may infiltrate before runoff begins, are lacking. To characterize this potential contribution to ground water contamination, lire treated one plowed and two no-till corn fields with 2 and 3 Ib per acre (2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha), respectively, of atrazine and alachlor. We used a simulator to rain on plots within the fields 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days after herbicide application and collected water that accumulated in surface depressions 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after initial ponding. Highest atrazine concentrations were found in t = 0 samples on day 1, ranging up to 2 mg/L in the no-till and 10 mg/L in the plowed areas. At 5 and 30 minutes later, concentrations averaged 2/3 and 1/4 of the t = 0 values, respectively. Alachlor concentrations were 1/2 to 1/3 of atrazine values in the same samples. By day 32 initial concentrations of both herbicides were about 10% of those an day I dnd continued to decrease during the 30-minute sampling period. The rapid decreases in herbicide concentration indicate that significant infiltration of herbicide in preferential flow paths si probably limited to the early parts of the first few storms following application. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Edwards, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 277 EP 281 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA XN136 UT WOS:A1997XN13600012 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Throne, JE AF Arbogast, RT Throne, JE TI Insect infestation of farm-stored maize in South Carolina: Towards characterization of a habitat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE maize; corn; farm storage; species composition; storage habitat ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; COLEOPTERA; WHEAT; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; CUCUJIDAE AB Protecting stored grain from insect damage, with minimum pesticide risk, will require pest management based on comprehensive understanding of storage environments and their interactions with pest populations. Computer modeling offers the means to this understanding. To obtain data sets for modeling selected pests of stored maize, we studied maize storages on six farms in a four-county area of southwestern South Carolina. Grain moisture content was measured monthly, and grain temperatures were recorded hourly for one storage season. Insect populations were monitored by taking grain and pitfall trap samples at weekly or monthly intervals. Hourly mean grain temperatures remained below optimal levels for growth and development of insects during most of the storage period. Grain moisture content varied from 11.2 to 16.4%. Forty three species of insects and one species complex, representing 26 families in four orders, were detected. The estimated importance of each species in the farm storage habitat, as measured by relative abundance and frequency of occurrence, depended on whether grain sampling or trapping was used. With trapping, Cryptolestes species (mostly C. pusillus (Schonherr)), the Carpophilus dimidiatus complex (C. dimidiatus (F.), C. freemani Dobson and C. mutilatus Erichson), Sitophilus species (mostly S. zeamais Motschulsky), Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) appeared most important. With grain sampling, S. zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) and C. pusillus appeared most important. Insects were most abundant (or active) in the fall and again in the spring, if storage extended that long. Grain samples indicated more insects near the grain surface, but traps sometimes detected more near the bottom of the bulk. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR, USDA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, USDA, POB 14565, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00006-4 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XU667 UT WOS:A1997XU66700001 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Russell, RM AF Sahyoun, NR Jacques, PF Dallal, GE Russell, RM TI Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist may be a better awareness/educational tool than a screening one SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SIGNS; RISK AB Objective To evaluate the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist as a screening and an awareness/educational tool in an elderly population. Design Epidemiologic follow-up study. Information similar to the questions of the NSI checklist was collected by the Nutrition Status Survey of Boston elders between 1981 and 1984. Vital status of volunteers was obtained during 8 to 12 years of follow-up. Subjects/setting Community-dwelling men (n=200) and women (n=381) aged 60 years and older who participated in the survey. Statistical analyses performed Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between mortality and each of the NSI-similar questions and the cumulative score, which is the sum of the values assigned to each question. Attributable risk percent, a measure of association, was calculated to measure the percentage of deaths that could potentially be prevented if the risk factors or their consequences were eliminated. Results Eating meals alone, problems biting or chewing, difficulties with shopping or cooking, and taking more than three medications per day were positively associated with mortality (P<.05). The cumulative score, although significant, was a weaker predictor of mortality. Attributable risk percent of mortality was 19.9% and 51.2% for men and women, respectively. Applications/conclusions Some but not all of the individual questions of the NSI checklist equivalent were significantly associated with mortality and identify specific problems that may have a long-term negative effect yet may be missed if the cumulative score were the sole criterion for screening people. The attributable risk percent suggests that the checklist may be best used as an awareness/educational tool as intended originally and could have an important public health effect on early death of community-dwelling elderly people. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 775,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Sahyoun, Nadine/G-2608-2011 NR 15 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 97 IS 7 BP 760 EP 764 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00188-0 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XH699 UT WOS:A1997XH69900012 PM 9216553 ER PT J AU Liu, CK McClintick, MD AF Liu, CK McClintick, MD TI An energy approach to the characterization of the fracture resistance of leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 93rd Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 22-26, 1997 CL POCONO MANOR, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc AB The fracture resistance of chrome-tanned bovine hides was quantitatively characterized by measuring the total energy required to break the leather. This physical quantity named fracture energy is observed to more truthfully represent the fracture resistance of leather than the tensile strength or breaking elongation. Three major independent variables, moisture content, strain rate, and sampling angle were arranged according to Box-Hunter's experimental design matrix, thereby deriving a second order polynomial equation. The statistical model so obtained concisely expressed the relationship between the variables and corresponding fracture resistance. The results showed that water acting as a plasticizer enhances the fracture resistance of leather. However, fracture energy started to decrease once the moisture content increased to around 90%. Contrary to its effect on tensile strength, the sampling angle has shown little effect on the fracture energy of leather. The effect of strain rates on fracture energy is not straightforward. The fracture energy at first decreases then increases with increasing strain rates. The ratio of tensile strength of Young's modulus was used to represent the toughness of leather. This parameter is dimensionless, independent of the geometric shape of the leather samples. A correlation was observed between this parameter and fracture energy. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 92 IS 5 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YL687 UT WOS:000070981800001 ER PT J AU Huang, HW Layne, DR Peterson, RN AF Huang, HW Layne, DR Peterson, RN TI Using isozyme polymorphisms for identifying and assessing genetic variation in cultivated pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L) Dunal] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE isozyme phenotypes; allozyme; genetic distance; isoelectric focusing; dendrogram; zymogram; pawpaw; Kentucky banana ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; ANNONACEAE; APPLE; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; LINKAGE; LOCI AB The utility of isozyme phenotypes for identifying and determining genetic variation in pawpaw cultivars was studied using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. Based on a sample of 32 clones (cultivars and advanced selections) and 23 enzyme systems, 7 enzymes were found to be polymorphic, involving 9 polymorphic loci [acid phosphatase (ACP), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DDH), malic enzyme (ME), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), peroxidase (PRX), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD)]. Altogether these 9 loci and 32 clones yielded 28 multi-locus isozymic phenotypes useful for cultivar identification; 24 of the 32 clones were uniquely identified. The allozyme variation in these clones has the average of other long-lived wood perennials of widespread geographic range in temperature regions with insect-pollinated outcrossing breeding systems, secondary asexual reproduction, and animal-dispersed seed. Genetic differentiation among these pawpaw clones, measured by Nei's distance, D, was substantial: 496 pairwise comparisons of genetic distance among the 32 clones indicated that they differed on average of D = 0.068 +/- 0.04 and ranged from 0 to 0.188. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) produced a most likely division of the 32 clones in 7 groups; however, these groups did not conform to pedigree relations. Additional polymorphic enzymes are needed for accurate allozyme-based genetic discrimination. C1 KENTUCKY STATE UNIV,ATWOOD RES FACIL,FRANKFORT,KY 40601. PAWPAW FDN,WASHINGTON,DC 20026. USDA,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY ASIMINA SPP,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 122 IS 4 BP 504 EP 511 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XG030 UT WOS:A1997XG03000007 ER PT J AU Elia, FM Hosfield, GL Kelly, JD Uebersax, MA AF Elia, FM Hosfield, GL Kelly, JD Uebersax, MA TI Genetic analysis and interrelationships between traits for cooking time, water absorption, and protein and tannin content of Andean dry beans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE North Carolina Design II; genetic variance; heritability; degree of dominance; plant breeding; indirect selection ID COMBINING ABILITY AB A knowledge of the relative proportion of additive and nonadditive genetic variances for complex traits in a population forms a basis fdr studying trait inheritance and can be used as a tool in plant breeding. A North Carolina Design II mating scheme was used to determine the inheritance of cooking time, protein and tannin content, and water absorption among 16 genotypes of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) representative of the Andean Center of Domestication. Heritability and the degree of dominance for the traits were also calculated to provide guidelines for adopting breeding strategies for cultivar development. Thirty-two progeny resulted from the matings and these were assigned to two sets of 16 progeny each. Variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for the traits. The GCA was larger in all cases. Narrow-sense heritability for protein, tannin, water absorption, and cooking time averaged 0.88, 0.91, 0.77, and 9.90, respectively. Degree of dominance estimates indicted that the traits were governed by genes with partial dominance except, hi one case, tannin had a degree of dominance value of zero, indicating no dominance. The phenotypic correlation (-0.82) between water absorption and cooking time justifies using the water absorption trait as an indirect selection method for cooking time. With regard to parent selection in crosses, significant differences between GCA females and GCA males suggested cytoplasmic influences on trait expression. Hence, the way a parent is used in a cross (i.e., as female or male) will offset trait segregation. Using fast-cooking bean cultivars in conjunction with fuel-efficient cooking methods may be the best strategy to conserve fuelwood and help reduce the rate of deforestation in East and Central Africa. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Elia, FM (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,SUGARBEET & BEAN RES,USDA,AGR RES SERV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 122 IS 4 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XG030 UT WOS:A1997XG03000008 ER PT J AU Serquen, FC Bacher, J Staub, JE AF Serquen, FC Bacher, J Staub, JE TI Genetic analysis of yield components in cucumber at low plant density SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE once-over mechanical harvest; determinate; plant architecture; sex expression; multiple lateral branching ID NUMBER AB Plant architecture can be manipulated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to provide an array of phenotypes. Determinate, multiple-lateral plants are unique because they afford an opportunity to increase fruit yield per plant. Estimates of genetic variances, numbers of genetic factors, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations between traits were made in a population, segregating for sex expression, leaf size, and plant habit at low plant density (approximate to 19,000 plants/ha). Replicated evaluation of 100 F-3 families derived from an initial mating between a gynoecious, determinate, moderately branched line (G421) and a monoecious, indeterminate, multiple lateral branching line ('H-19') indicated that mainstem length and multiple lateral branching exhibit mostly additive genetic variance. For sex expression, additive and dominant genetic variances were important. The minimum number of genetic factors controlling sex expression, number of lateral branches, and mainstem length were estimated at five, four, and eight, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between trails indicated that relative leaf size may influence fruit mass while having only limited influence on the number of fruit produced per plant. The amount and type of genetic variation suggests that the development of an array of determinate, multiple-lateral branching plant types with varying sex expression and plant stature is possible. RP Serquen, FC (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,USDA,AGR RES SERV,DEPT HORT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 122 IS 4 BP 522 EP 528 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA XG030 UT WOS:A1997XG03000010 ER PT J AU Reed, CA Kaplan, B AF Reed, CA Kaplan, B TI HACCP system simplified SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item RP Reed, CA (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 1 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG488 UT WOS:A1997XG48800012 PM 9324506 ER PT J AU Gilsdorf, MJ AF Gilsdorf, MJ TI The issue of safe testing for brucellosis in Yellowstone bison - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Gilsdorf, MJ (reprint author), USDA,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 1 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG488 UT WOS:A1997XG48800026 ER PT J AU Fleming, MW AF Fleming, MW TI Effects of exogenous reproductive hormones on Haemonchus contortus populations in lambs SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE periparturient egg rise; prostaglandin; prolactin; parasite; nematode; growth fecundity ID PROLACTIN; EWES; INFECTIONS; LACTATION; SHEEP; RISE AB The potential roles of 2 reproductive hormones, prolactin and prostaglandin, in the regulation of nematode growth, fecundity, and survival in lambs were examined in 2 experiments. In the first experiment, prolactin (25 IU/lamb) was administered to 3 groups of lambs at 1-wk intervals during each of the first 3 wk of patency of Haemonchus contortus infections, respectively. Fecundity (eggs/female/day) and total daily egg production were significantly higher in the group treated with prolactin during week 2 of patency. Male worms were significantly longer, and female worms were significantly shorter after each weekly treatment with prolactin. In experiment 2, a prostaglandin F-2 alpha. analogue, BOVILENE(R) (0.25 mg/lamb), was injected daily with or without exogenous prolactin (25 IU/lamb) throughout the first 3 wk of patency, the period of highest egg production. BOVILENE treatment resulted in decreased survival of both adult male and female worms and increased fecal egg concentrations, as estimated on a daily basis throughout this period. The interactions of BOVILENE with prolactin were negative relative to total daily egg production and worm growth at the terminus of the experiment (day 42 postinoculation). Additive or synergistic effects of prolactin and BOVILENE were not evident relative to fecundity. Decreased survival of worms from treatment with this potent prostaglandin analogue alone is intriguing for parasite control applications. RP Fleming, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 64 IS 2 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA XM555 UT WOS:A1997XM55500015 ER PT J AU Miller, J Jenny, A Rhyan, J Saari, C Suarez, D AF Miller, J Jenny, A Rhyan, J Saari, C Suarez, D TI Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cattle and elk by PCR amplification of an IS6110 sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; DNA; PARATUBERCULOSIS; SARCOIDOSIS; SECTIONS; FIXATION; STRAINS; ANIMALS AB A presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis can be made if a tissue has characteristic histopathologic changes and acid-fast organisms. However, definitive diagnosis requires culture and species identification of the causative mycobacterium. a process that takes several weeks to complete. The purpose of work reported here was to determine if formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues could be tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to provide a more rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. Nondecalcified tissues from cases of tuberculosis in cattle and elk (Cervus elaphus) were examined, The primers used for PCR amplified a 123-bp fragment of IS6110, an insertion sequence that is specific for organisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti, M. africanum). The PCR test detected this sequence in tissues from 92 of 99 (93%) tuberculosis cases, including 3 of 4 elk. In 80 tissues, the positive results were obtained using material prepared by immersion of paraffin sections in water containing a detergent, followed by alternating boil/freeze cycles. The remaining positive results were obtained with DNA isolated from the crude tissue extracts by proteinase K digestion and phenol/chloroform purification. Accuracy of the IS6110 PCR test was demonstrated by negative test results on 31 tissues that had either nonmycobacterial granulomas or granulomatous lesions caused by other mycobacteria (M. paratuberculosis or M. avium). The findings of this study show that a PCR test usually can provide a rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis when it is applied to paraffin sections that have characteristic lesions and acid-fast organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB336 UT WOS:000072460800004 PM 9249162 ER PT J AU Afshar, A Anderson, J Nielsen, KH Pearson, JE Trotter, HC Woolhouse, TR Thevasagayam, JA Gall, DEJ Lapointe, JM Gustafson, GA AF Afshar, A Anderson, J Nielsen, KH Pearson, JE Trotter, HC Woolhouse, TR Thevasagayam, JA Gall, DEJ Lapointe, JM Gustafson, GA TI Evaluation of a competitive ELISA for detection of antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; RESPONSES; INFECTION; CATTLE; SHEEP C1 Agr Canada, Anim Dis Res Inst, Stn H, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. Inst Anim Hlth, Pitbright Lab, Surrey GU24 0NF, England. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Afshar, A (reprint author), Agr Canada, Anim Dis Res Inst, Stn H, POB 11300, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB336 UT WOS:000072460800014 PM 9249172 ER PT J AU Puette, M Latimer, KS AF Puette, M Latimer, KS TI Acute granulocytic leukemia in a slaughter goat SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA; TUMORS C1 USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Puette, M (reprint author), USDA, FSIS, Eastern Lab, Russell Res Ctr, Coll Stn Rd,POB 6085, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB336 UT WOS:000072460800017 PM 9249175 ER PT J AU Katz, JB Eernisse, KA Landgraf, JG Schmitt, J AF Katz, JB Eernisse, KA Landgraf, JG Schmitt, J TI Comparative performance of four serodiagnostic procedures for detecting bovine and equine vesicular stomatitis virus antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Katz, JB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, 1800 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB336 UT WOS:000072460800021 PM 9249179 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Gerros, TC Dubey, JP AF Hamir, AN Gerros, TC Dubey, JP TI Pyogranulomatous encephalitis associated with an unidentified Sarcocystis neurona-like organism in a horse SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 331 EP 333 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB336 UT WOS:000072460800022 PM 9249180 ER PT J AU SaCarvalho, D Rieder, E Baxt, B Rodarte, R Tanuri, A Mason, PW AF SaCarvalho, D Rieder, E Baxt, B Rodarte, R Tanuri, A Mason, PW TI Tissue culture adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus selects viruses that bind to heparin and are attenuated in cattle SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; COXSACKIEVIRUS A9; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CELL ATTACHMENT; FC RECEPTOR; HOST-CELLS; NEUTRALIZATION; INTEGRIN AB Isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) exist as complex mixtures of variants, Two different serotype O1 Campos preparations that we examined contained two variants with distinct plaque morphologies on BHK cells: a small, clear-plaque virus that replicates in BHK and CHO cells, and a large, turbid-plaque virus that only grows in BHK cells, cDNAs encoding the capsids of these two variants were inserted into a genome-length FMDV type A12 infectious cDNA and used to produce chimeric viruses that exhibited the phenotype of the original variants, Analyses of these viruses, and hybrids created by exchanging portions of the capsid gene, identified codon 56 in VP3 (3056) as the critical determinant of both cell tropism and plaque phenotype, Specifically, the CHO growth/clear-plaque phenotype is dependent on the presence of the highly charged Arg residue at 3056, and viruses with this phenotype and genotype were selected during propagation in tissue culture, The genetically engineered Arg 3056 virus was highly attenuated in bovines, but viruses recovered from animals inoculated with high doses of this virus had lost the ability to grow in CHO cells and contained either an uncharged residue at 3056 or a negatively charged Glu substituted for a Lys at a spatially and antigenically related position on VP2 (2134), Comparison of these animal-derived viruses to other natural and engineered viruses demonstrated that positively charged residues are required at both 2134 and 3056 for binding to heparin, Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro cultivation of FMDV type O selects viruses that bind to heparin and that viruses with the heparin-binding phenotype are attenuated in the natural host. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,INST BIOL,DEPT GENET,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 45 TC 202 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 71 IS 7 BP 5115 EP 5123 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA XD829 UT WOS:A1997XD82900030 PM 9188578 ER PT J AU Zarnke, RL Gamble, R Heckert, RA Hoef, JV AF Zarnke, RL Gamble, R Heckert, RA Hoef, JV TI Serologic survey for Trichinella spp. in grizzly bears from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE grizzly bear; serology; survey; Trichinella spp.; trichinellosis; Ursus arctos ID TRICHINOSIS; ANTIGEN AB Blood was collected from 878 grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in seven geographic areas of Alaska from 1973 to 1987. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to Trichanella spp. Serum antibody prevalence ranged from 5% (10 positive of 196 tested) in the Southern Region of the state to 83% (355 of 430 tested) in the Northern Region. These major discrepancies may be a result of differing food habits of bears in the major geographic areas. Prevalence was higher in older age cohorts. Neither year-of-collection nor sex had a significant effect on prevalence. C1 ARS,PARASIT BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,STN H,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. RP Zarnke, RL (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,1300 COLL RD,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 474 EP 479 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM004 UT WOS:A1997XM00400010 PM 9249692 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Seamans, TW AF Belant, JL Seamans, TW TI Comparison of three formulations of alpha-chloralose for immobilization of Canada geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE alpha-chloralose; Branta canadensis; Canada goose; formulation; immobilization; laboratory study; tablet AB The effectiveness of an alpha-chloralose (AC)-corn oil suspension, an AC-margarine mixture, and AC tablets were compared for immobilizing Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Responses to AC immobilization also were compared in male and female Canada geese. There was no difference in mean time to first effects or mean time to capture between mate and female geese dosed with 30 mg/kg AC in orally-administered bread baits. Recovery times (less than or equal to 24 hr) also were similar between sexes. Mean (+/-SE) time to first effects for geese immobilized with AC tablets in bread baits (19 +/- 3 min) was significantly less than mean time to first effects for geese immobilized with AC in margarine (28 +/- 6 min) or AC in corn oil (32 +/- 7 min) applied to bread baits (n = 12 geese/treatment). Respective mean times to capture geese immobilized with AC tablets, AC-margarine, and AC-corn oil were not significantly different at 62 +/- 25, 89 +/- 48, and 88 +/- 30 min, respectively. Ten, 11 and, seven geese immobilized with AC tablets, AC-margarine, and AC-corn oil recovered within 24 hr, respectively; all geese recovered within 28 hr. Male and female Canada geese respond similarly to AC immobilization, at least during molt, and AC mixed with margarine or AC in tablet form is at least as effective as the presently used AC-corn oil suspension. AC tablets or AC-margarine also would be more practical for some field situations. Additional development of AC tablets will be required prior to field use for capturing nuisance waterfowl. C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 606 EP 610 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM004 UT WOS:A1997XM00400025 PM 9249707 ER PT J AU Carey, AB Wilson, TM Maguire, CC Biswell, BL AF Carey, AB Wilson, TM Maguire, CC Biswell, BL TI Dens of northern flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cavity; den; Glaucomys sabrinus; nest; northern flying; squirrel; old growth; Oregon; Pacific Northwest; prey; spotted owl; telemetry; Washington ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; OREGON AB Silvicultural prescriptions to enhance northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) habitat have been suggested as an aid for recovery of the threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Flying squirrels are hypothesized to be limited by den sites (cavities in trees) and by food (truffles). However, no quantitative information exists on den sites of flying squirrels. Therefore, during 1986-94, we used radio-telemetry to locate 604 different den sites in the southern Coast Range of Oregon, the southern Olympic Peninsula, and the Puget Trough of Washington. Den sites included cavities in live and dead old-growth trees; cavities, stick nests, and moss nests in small (10-50 cm dbh) second-growth trees; dens in cavities in branches of fallen trees; and dens in decayed stumps of old-growth trees and suppressed young trees. Two-thirds of all dens located were in live trees. Most dens were located during a study of second-growth forests in the Puget Trough. Females selected cavities for maternal dens. Squirrels used multiple dens; denning partners varied with den. Dens of males were 211 +/- 7 m apart; dens of females were 108 +/- 4 m apart. Males used 2.2 +/- 0.1 dens per month; females 2.3 +/- 0.1 dens per month. Dens, except maternal dens, were often occupied simultaneously by several adult squirrels. Many fragile den sites were used by females. Secure cavities are scarce and may limit reproductive success. Management for cavity trees and dens could prove fruitful in owl recovery and habitat restoration efforts. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, 3625 93RD AVE SW, OLYMPIA, WA 98512 USA. NR 44 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 684 EP 699 DI 10.2307/3802176 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA XR474 UT WOS:A1997XR47400010 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Tyson, LA Seamans, TW Ickes, SK AF Belant, JL Tyson, LA Seamans, TW Ickes, SK TI Evaluation of lime as an avian feeding repellent SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE animal damage; Branta canadensis; brown-headed cowbird; Canada goose; depredation; feeding; grass; lime; Molothrus ater; repellent ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; AVOIDANCE; GEESE; COLOR; FOOD AB We evaluated the effectiveness of dolomitic hydrated lime as a feeding deterrent to captive brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) during July-September 1995. We conducted 1- and 2-choice tests using grains with caged cowbirds and geese, and applications of lime to turf in dry and slurry form for geese. Lime mixed with millet or whole-kernel corn at 25, 12.5, and 6.25% (g/g) reduced cowbird and goose feeding in 4 day, 2-choice (treated or untreated grain) cage trials. Reductions in total food intake occurred for both species during similar 1-choice tests with lime (25% [g/g]) and millet or corn. Body mass of cowbirds and geese increased or remained constant during 2-choice tests. In contrast, body mass declined for both species during 1-choice tests. Application of lime to enclosed 10- x 10-m-grass plots in powder or slurry form at an application rate of 544 kg/ha also reduced goose feeding on treated plots for 2-3 days. Mean numbers of geese and mean fecal mass on control and treated plots were similar during both turf experiments. No phytotoxicity of grass was observed greater than or equal to 40 days posttreatment. We recommend additional studies to determine the lower limit of repellency of lime to various bird species and its utility for turf and crop damage reduction. C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.2307/3802201 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA XR474 UT WOS:A1997XR47400035 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Lathrop, L AF Bostom, AG Lathrop, L TI Hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease: Prevalence, etiology, and potential relationship to arteriosclerotic outcomes SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE end-stage renal disease; hyperhomocysteinemia; arteriosclerosis; cardiovascular disease risk factor ID CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; BETA-SYNTHASE DEFICIENCY; SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; FOLIC-ACID; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 112 TC 342 Z9 366 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1038/ki.1997.298 PG 11 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XG723 UT WOS:A1997XG72300002 PM 9211341 ER PT J AU Gabrey, SW AF Gabrey, SW TI Bird and small mammal abundance at four types of waste-management facilities in northeast Ohio SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE bird-aircraft collision; landfill; nuisance animals; urban planning; waste management ID HERRING-GULLS; SALMONELLA; LANDFILLS AB Location of waste-management facilities in urban and suburban areas is increasingly controversial for a variety of reasons. Because traditional putrescible-waste landfills often attract large numbers of gulls (Larus spp.) and other birds, they can present a significant risk to air-traffic safety when located near airports. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides recommendations for the location of putrescible-waste landfills and other waste-management facilities near airports because of the potential for bird-aircraft collisions. To extend the life of traditional putrescible-waste landfills, many communities are turning to non-traditional waste-management facilities such as yard-waste compost facilities, construction and demolition landfills, and trash-transfer stations. These types of facilities may present potential bird-strike risks, and may attract nuisance birds such as starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and rock doves (Columba livia), and nuisance mammals such as Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). Objective data are needed on bird and mammal use of these facilities for wildlife biologists to advise regulatory agencies and local governments on the siting and management of these facilities. From May 1993 to April 1994, we compared bird species and numbers at five non-traditional waste-management facilities of three types in northeastern Ohio with species and numbers at a vacant lot (control site) and at a major putrescible-waste landfill. We also surveyed small mammal species and numbers at two compost facilities, a vacant lot, and a small wooded lot. Bird abundance at the five facilities was no different than, or less than, at the vacant lot. About 350 times more birds were seen per observation at the putrescible-waste landfill than at the other five waste-management facilities. Bird use of these non-traditional waste-management facilities appears to be influenced much more by the type of habitat or land-use surrounding the facility than by the waste itself. Fewer small mammals were caught at the compost facilities than at the vacant lot and wooded area. Thus, these non-traditional waste-management facilities do not appear to attract birds or small mammals at higher than background levels and would not pose a significant nuisance problem to the community or be a hazard to aircraft if located near airports. C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH 44870. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)80006-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA XJ476 UT WOS:A1997XJ47600007 ER PT J AU Millie, DF Schofield, OM Kirkpatrick, GJ Johnsen, G Tester, PA Vinyard, BT AF Millie, DF Schofield, OM Kirkpatrick, GJ Johnsen, G Tester, PA Vinyard, BT TI Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; HETEROCAPSA-PYGMAEA; QUANTUM YIELD; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON FIXATION; WEST FLORIDA; SPECTRA; VARIABILITY AB The utility of photopigments and absorption signatures to detect and enumerate the red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, was evaluated in laboratory cultures and in natural assemblages. The carotenoid, gyroxanthin-diester, was an adequate biomarker for G. breve biomass; water-column concentrations corresponded with cell standing crops and chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom events in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Unlike other carotenoids, the relative abundance of gyroxanthin-diester did not change throughout a range of physiological states in culture and the gyroxanthin-diester: chlorophyll a ratio exhibited little variability in a natural assemblage during bloom senescence. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that wavelengths indicative of in vivo absorption by accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids could correctly discern spectra of the fucoxanthin-containing G, breve from spectra of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, a diatom, a haptophyte, and a prasinophyte. With the use of a similarity algorithm, the increasing contribution of G. breve was discerned in absorption spectra (and corresponding fourth-derivative plots) for hypothetical mixed assemblages. However, the absorption properties of chlorophyll c-containing algae vary little among taxa and it is difficult to discern the contribution of accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids caused by cell packaging. Therefore, the use of absorption spectra alone may not identify the contribution of a chlorophyll c-containing taxon to the composite spectrum of a mixed assemblage. This difficulty in distinguishing among spectra can be minimized by using the similarity algorithm in conjunction with fourth-derivative analysis. C1 MOTE MARINE LAB,SARASOTA,FL 34236. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,INST MARINE & COASTAL SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. UNIV TRONDHEIM MUSEUM,TRONDHEIM BIOL STN,N-7018 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,NORFOLK,VA 23508. RP Millie, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. RI Johnsen, Geir/A-1689-2009 NR 69 TC 143 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1240 EP 1251 PN 2 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YK663 UT WOS:A1997YK66300019 ER PT J AU Schrum, DP Alugupalli, S Kelly, ST White, DC Fayer, R AF Schrum, DP Alugupalli, S Kelly, ST White, DC Fayer, R TI Structural characterization of a ''signature'' phosphatidylethanolamine as the major 10-hydroxy stearic acid-containing lipid of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATTY-ACID; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB A 10-hydroxy stearic acid-containing lipid from Cryptosporidium parvum was purified by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry, H-1 and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and was identified as phosphatidylethanolamine. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE IMMUNOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Schrum, DP (reprint author), MICROBIAL INSIGHTS INC,2340 STOCK CREEK BLVD,ROCKFORD,TN 37853, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 7 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0102-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XM427 UT WOS:A1997XM42700015 PM 9252970 ER PT J AU Fowler, AC Flint, PL AF Fowler, AC Flint, PL TI Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; SEABIRD AB Following an oil spill off St Paul Island, Alaska in February 1996, persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king cider (Somateria spectabilis) carcasses were estimated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model, Carcass persistence rates varied by day, beach type and sex, while detection probabilities varied by day and beach type, Scavenging, wave action and weather influenced carcass persistence. The patterns of persistence differed on rock and sand beaches and female carcasses had a different persistence function than males, Weather, primarily snow storms, and degree of carcass scavenging, diminished carcass detectability, Detection probabilities on rock beaches were lower and more variable than on sand beaches, The combination of persistence rates and detection probabilities can be used to improve techniques of estimating total mortality. RP US FOREST SERV, ALASKA SCI CTR, BIOL RESOURCES DIV, 1011 E TUDOR RD, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503 USA. OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 7 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XW552 UT WOS:A1997XW55200014 ER PT J AU Steelman, CD Brown, MA Gbur, EE Tolley, G AF Steelman, CD Brown, MA Gbur, EE Tolley, G TI The effects of hair density of beef cattle on Haematobia irritans horn fly populations SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematobia irritans; innate resistance; cattle; hair; sebum; horn fly; USA ID NUTRITIONAL RESPONSE; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; SKIN; TSETSE; STEERS; BREEDS; FLIES; INFESTATIONS; RESISTANCE AB We show the relationships that exist between the amount of hair and quantity of sebum on cattle skin and the population density of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Brahman and Chianina steers had means of 2390 and 1587 hairs per cm(2), respectively, significantly more than the mean number of hairs on Angus, Brahman x Angus Crossbred, Charolais, and Red Poll steers. The Chianina steers had >30% more sebum present on their skin and hair (0.58g/929cm(2)) than the Angus, Charolais, and Red Poll steers at the Beef Cattle Research Station Savoy, Arkansas. The Brahman steers had a significantly greater amount of sebum present on the skin (1.51 g/929 cm(2)) than the Crossbred and purebred Angus steers (0.55 and 0.25g/929cm(2), respectively) at the South Central Family Farms Research Centre Booneville, Arkansas. The Brahman and Chianina steers had means of 61.9 and 17.0 horn flies per steer, respectively, during the fly season, whereas the Angus, Crossbred, Charolais and Red Poll steers had fly season means that ranged from 76.9 to 265.8 flies per steer. Regression analysis showed that an increase of 100 hairs per cm(2), was associated with a reduction of 11 horn flies in the Angus II, 5 in Angus I, 20 in Charolais, 37 in Red Poll, and 0.4 in Chianina steers at the Savoy Station and a reduction of 6.6 horn flies for the Angus, Brahman, and Crossbred steers at the Booneville Centre. Regardless of cattle breed, an increase of 1.0g of sebum per 929 cm(2) output by the steer was associated with 478.5 additional hairs per cm(2) on the animal. Each increase of 0.25 g of sebum per 929 cm(2) resulted in a decrease of 9.2 horn flies per steer. We conclude that some of the factors responsible for fly-resistance in cattle are hair density and the corresponding amount of sebum present on cattle skin and hair. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARMS RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR. UNIV ARKANSAS,AGR STAT LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Steelman, CD (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AGR EXPT STN,RM 320 AGR BLDG,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00404.x PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YA869 UT WOS:A1997YA86900008 PM 9330257 ER PT J AU ZeislerMashl, KL Lograsso, TA AF ZeislerMashl, KL Lograsso, TA TI The occurrence and periodicity of oscillating peritectic microstructures developed during directional solidification SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The layered microstructures that can form during plane-front directional solidification in peritectic systems were characterized quantitatively as a function of growth velocity using a Sn-Cd alloy. Layers were formed for an alloy composition outside of the two-phase peritectic region in the absence of longitudinal macrosegregation. The layers did not extend over the entire sample cross sections, so that the layered regions had a different composition than the alloy. Each of the two solids was found to be interconnected and continuous in three dimensions. The layer lengths and individual layer compositions did not vary with solidification distance. The average layer compositions were not a function of growth velocity and were approximately those at the peritectic temperature. This research was compared to the current model by Trivedi, which is based upon cyclic accumulation and depletion of solute in the liquid ahead of the interface linked to repeated nucleation events. The dependence of layer length on growth velocity predicted by the model was not obtained experimentally. The differences between results and predictions are related to the continuity of the two solids and the nonuniform cross-sectional composition in the Sn-Cd samples, which contradict assumptions of the model. A formation mechanism involving competitive lateral growth between the two solids at the solid-liquid interface would be more consistent with the current research. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP ZeislerMashl, KL (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,PHYS MET BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1543 EP 1552 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0216-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XL481 UT WOS:A1997XL48100014 ER PT J AU Li, CY Crawford, RH Chang, TT AF Li, CY Crawford, RH Chang, TT TI Frankia in decaying fallen trees devoid of actinorhizal hosts and soil SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Frankia; fallen trees; actinorhiza; decaying logs ID ALNUS-GLUTINOSA; SURVIVAL; FIXATION; STRAINS; GROWTH AB Fallen trees, recruited by natural catastrophic events, are abundant on the forest floor of many natural forests. They pass through recognizable classes of decomposition, forming a major structural diversity with many ecological functions, and providing habitats for plants, animal, and microorganisms. In greenhouse studies, wood samples collected from within fallen trees decades-old, partially decomposed under both conifer and red alder stands induced effective nodule formation in Alnus rubra, indicating that the fallen trees, devoid of soil and actinorhizal host roots, contained infectious and effective Frankia. Nodule development, growth, and nitrogen fixation were greatest in wood from fallen trees in the alder stand. Frankia is apparently able to live saprophytically or exists in spores in partially decomposed wood. RP Li, CY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 152 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XN484 UT WOS:A1997XN48400008 ER PT J AU Houchins, K ODell, M Flavell, RB Gustafson, JP AF Houchins, K ODell, M Flavell, RB Gustafson, JP TI Cytosine methylation and nucleolar dominance in cereal hybrids SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE nucleolar dominance; nucleolar organizer region; methylation ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; POLYMERASE-I; TETRAPLOID TRITICALE; WHEAT; DNA; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; REGION; ENHANCERS; SUPPRESSION AB In wheat-rye hybrids the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), the sites of ribosomal RNA genes, from rye are suppressed. Wheat and wheat-rye hybrid genetic stocks containing different numbers of wheat and rye nucleolus organizers, as well as addition lines and rye-barley hybrids, were used in Southern hybridization experiments to determine the cause of nucleolar dominance and suppression in cereal hybrids. Based on the use of restriction endonucleases that cleave near the ends of the spacer unit and an additional, methylation-sensitive enzyme, HpaII, which does not recognize the CCGG restriction site if the internal C is methylated, an indirect method of assaying NOR expression was established. The results indicated that cleavage by the HpaII enzyme of the rye NOR sequences; is reduced when major NORs from other cereals were present. The reduction in the number of rye rRNA genes containing an unmethylated CCGG site in the promoter was associated with the suppression of the rye nucleolus. These results are consistent with a model in which promoter and upstream regulatory repeats of ribosomal RNA genes compete for limited concentrations of regulatory proteins, and genes that are methylated at key binding sites fail to engage these regulatory proteins and thus remain inactive. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 255 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XM762 UT WOS:A1997XM76200007 PM 9268020 ER PT J AU McCallum, BD Groth, JV Roelfs, AP AF McCallum, BD Groth, JV Roelfs, AP TI Mendelian inheritance of teliospore production in Uromyces appendiculatus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE rust fungi; sexual reproduction ID BEAN RUST FUNGUS; ISOZYME; POPULATIONS; COLLECTIONS; VIRULENCE AB The change from urediniospore to teliospore production is a crucial developmental stage in the life cycle of many rust fungi. Uromyces appendiculatus has five different spore stages during its life cycle and alternates between asexual and sexual reproduction. Teliospore production is a prerequisite to the formation of the spore stages associated with the sexual cycle (basidiospores, pycniospores, and aeciospores) in this rust. Many naturally occurring isolates apparently lack the ability to produce teliospores and are restricted to asexual reproduction by production of urediniospores. A cross was previously made by using urediniospores from an asexual isolate to fertilize pycnia of a sexual isolate. The parents and progeny from this cross were analyzed for the ability to produce teliospores. When inoculated onto Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. Top Crop), teliospores first appeared in uredinial pustules produced by the teliospore-forming parent 14-16 days after inoculation, compared with 20-22 days for the F-1 progeny of this cross. Teliospore production relative to urediniospore production was quantified for the parents, the F-1, and 67 F-2 progeny. At 38 days after inoculation, pustules produced by the teliospore forming parent contained 68% teliospores and 32% urediniospores, whereas pustules of the F-1 contained 33% teliospores and 67% urediniospores. The number of F-2 progeny that did not produce teliospores versus those that produced teliospores, fit a single gene 1:3 ratio. Thirty-five backcross progeny produced from backcrossing the F-1 to the teliospore-producing parent were also analyzed for the ability to produce teliospores. The backcross progeny segregated into two groups which fit a 1:1 ratio of intermediate versus high teliospore production. This supports the hypothesis that a single gene segregated for control of teliospore production in this cross. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 89 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.2307/3760990 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XQ308 UT WOS:A1997XQ30800005 ER PT J AU Douds, DD AF Douds, DD TI A procedure for the establishment of Glomus mosseae in dual culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE dual culture; mycorrhizal fungi; transformed roots; Daucus carota ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HYPHAL GROWTH; GIGASPORA-MARGARITA; ORGAN-CULTURE; INVITRO; GERMINATION; STIMULATION; INFECTION; GELLAN; CO2 AB A stepwise procedure was investigated to determine the optimal conditions for the establishment of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe in dual in vitro culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed roots of Daucus carota L. Glomus mosseae spores germinated best in 10 mM Tris or MES-buffered medium at pH values just above neutral. Growth of hyphae from germinated spores was much greater in the presence of Tris than MES, eg. 8 mm versus 4 mm per spore for Tris and MES, respectively, at pH 7.2. Roots exhibited a broad pH optimum for growth of 6.0-7.0 in both MES and Tris, but did not grow well above pH 7.5. In addition, purified gelling agent, gellan gum, was utilized to lower the P concentration of media. With these factors combined, mycorrhizas were successfully established in 14% of dual cultures. RP Douds, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s005720050164 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA XN953 UT WOS:A1997XN95300001 ER PT J AU Roovers, LM Shifley, SR AF Roovers, LM Shifley, SR TI Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an old-growth remnant forest in Illinois (USA) SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Acer; cavities; down wood; old-growth forests; Quercus ID SOUTHWESTERN ILLINOIS; OAK SAVANNA; REGENERATION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; MISSOURI; HILLS AB Trees and coarse woody debris were inventoried in a 65-ha mesic oldgrowth forest located on Big Creek in Macon County, Illinois. Based on data from thirty 0.1-ha circular plots, trees greater than or equal to 2 cm dbh had an average density of 1,266 trees ha(-1), basal area of 30.4 m(2) ha(-1), and stocking of 102%. Sugar maple and white oak had the highest importance values. The size distribution of tree diameters for all species was characterized by a negative exponential shape. However, the size distribution of oaks, which currently dominate classes larger than 30 cm, was unimodal with peaks at 50 to 60 cm. Oaks appear to be declining in dominance as sugar maple increases, a trend further confirmed by analyzing crown class by species. The average volume of down wood greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter was 81.2 m(3) ha(-1). According to Government Land Office records, the southern half of Spitler Woods was apparently open in the 1820s. No current significant differences in density or basal area between northern and southern plots were found, but coarse woody debris was higher on the southern plots. Observed values at Spitler Woods were generally within the range of those reported for other old-growth tracts in Illinois. RP Roovers, LM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XM705 UT WOS:A1997XM70500004 ER PT J AU Debell, DS Harrington, CA Clendenen, GW Zasada, JC AF Debell, DS Harrington, CA Clendenen, GW Zasada, JC TI Tree growth and stand development of four Populus clones in large monoclonal plots SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE tree improvement; short rotation; intensive culture; biomass; productivity; stockability AB Four clones of Populus were planted in replicated monoclonal plots near Olympia, WA, to evaluate their suitability for use in short-rotation culture. All clones were easily established and had minimal problems from damaging agents during the first five years. Observed differences among clones in pattern and amount of growth appeared to be associated with differences in number and density of buds, sylleptic branching, and phenology. In addition, differences in drought tolerance and stockability may also have influenced clonal differences in annual growth and stand productivity. Individual tree growth was limited by the dense 1.0-m spacing, but the best-growing clones averaged 13 to 16 m tall, 7 to 9 cm in breast-high diameter (1.3 m), and produced stand basal areas exceeding 38 m(2) ha(-1) at 8 years. Mortality was negligible for 7 years, after which various combined effects of competition, stem borer damage (Cryptorhyncus lapathi), and a severe windstorm caused mortality ranging from 18 to 36% in the three fastest growing clones. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP Debell, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1006501229936 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XU440 UT WOS:A1997XU44000001 ER PT J AU Gardiner, ES Helmig, LM AF Gardiner, ES Helmig, LM TI Development of water oak stump sprouts under a partial overstory SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Quercus nigra L.; regeneration; coppice; shade ID SCARLET AB A 28-year-old water oak (Quercus nigra L.) plantation was thinned from below to either 254 or 462 stems per hectare to determine the influence of a partial canopy on oak stump sprout development. Sprout clump survival, number of living sprouts in a clump, and height and DBH of the dominant sprout in a clump were measured in years 1-5 and 7 after harvest. By year 7, sprout clump survival under the heavily thinned canopy was 23% higher than under the lightly thinned canopy. Within-clump sprout mortality was not influenced by overstory thinning level, but by year 2 height and diameter increment were 15% and 22% greater, respectively, under the heavy overstory removal. Positive height and diameter growth of dominant sprouts continued under both canopy conditions through year 7, but early benefits of the heavy overstory removal on sprout growth diminished. Additional overstory removal or sprout clump thinning would be necessary to sustain sprout clump survival and sprout growth over extended periods. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), USDA FOREST SERV, SO HARDWOODS LABS, SO RES STN, POB 227, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1006502107495 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XU440 UT WOS:A1997XU44000005 ER PT J AU Selgrade, JF Roberds, JH AF Selgrade, JF Roberds, JH TI Period-doubling bifurcations for systems of difference equations and applications to models in population biology SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE discrete models; period-doubling bifurcation; Henon map; population genetics; pioneer and climax populations ID EXCLUSION PRINCIPLES; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; DISCRETE; COEXISTENCE C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SO RES STN,US FOREST SERV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Selgrade, JF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,BOX 8205,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(96)00041-7 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA WZ230 UT WOS:A1997WZ23000003 ER PT J AU Fleet, JC Mayer, J AF Fleet, JC Mayer, J TI Dietary selenium repletion may reduce cancer incidence in people at high risk who live in areas with low soil selenium SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CARCINOMA AB Studies examining the relationship between dietary selenium intake and risk of various cancers have shown that low selenium intake is associated with higher cancer rates. A recent well-controlled intervention trial studied whether selenium supplementation can prevent cancer in subjects who have a history of skin cancer and live in areas of the United States with low soil selenium levels. Selenium supplementation did not reduce skin cancer rates, but the incidence of total, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers was significantly reduced by the intervention. Although these data need confirmation, they suggest that adequate selenium intake is essential for cancer prevention. RP Fleet, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 9 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 55 IS 7 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT526 UT WOS:A1997XT52600003 PM 9279064 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Meyer, J AF Booth, SL Meyer, J TI Skeletal functions of vitamin K-dependent proteins: Not just for clotting anymore SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MATRIX GLA-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; OSTEOCALCIN; BONE; CALCIFICATION; EXPRESSION; GENES AB Osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP) are two vitamin K-dependent proteins present in bone and cartilage. Transgenic mice models were recently developed to isolate the function of each of these proteins. While osteocalcin-deficient mice have increased bone formation, MGP-deficient mice have abnormal calcification leading to osteopenia, fractures, and premature death owing to arterial calcification. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 55 IS 7 BP 282 EP 284 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT526 UT WOS:A1997XT52600005 PM 9279066 ER PT J AU Scott, NA Binkley, D AF Scott, NA Binkley, D TI Foliage litter quality and annual net N mineralization: Comparison across North American forest sites SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE litter quality; lignin:N ratio; nitrogen mineralization; climate; forests and grasslands ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; HARDWOOD LEAF LITTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SUBSTRATE QUALITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; LIGNIN CONTROL; NATIONAL-PARK; ISLE-ROYALE; DECOMPOSITION; AVAILABILITY AB The feedback between plant litterfall and nutrient cycling processes plays a major role in the regulation of nutrient availability and net primary reproduction in terrestrial ecosystems. While several studies have examined site-specific feedbacks between litter chemistry and nitrogen (N) availability, little is known about the interaction between climate, litter chemistry, and N availability across different ecosystems. We assembled data from several studies spanning a wide range of vegetation, soils, and climatic regimes to examine the relationship between aboveground litter chemistry and annual net N mineralization. Net N mineralization declined strongly and non-linearly as the litter lignin:N ratio increased in forest ecosystems (r(2) = 0.74, P < 0.01). Net N mineralization decreased linearly as litter lignin concentration increased, but the relationship was significant (r(2) = 0.63; P < 0.01) only for tree species. Litterfall quantity, N concentration, and N content correlated poorly with net N mineralization across this range of sites (r(2) < 0.03, P = 0.17-0.26). The relationship between the litter lignin:N ratio and net N mineralization from forest floor and mineral soil was similar. The litter lignin:N ratio explained more of the variation in net N mineralization than climatic factors over a wide range of forest age classes, suggesting that litter quality (lignin:N ratio) may exert more than a proximal control over net N mineralization by influencing soil organic matter quality throughout the soil profile independent of climate. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 64 TC 230 Z9 261 U1 7 U2 73 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 111 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s004420050219 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK992 UT WOS:A1997XK99200001 PM 28307988 ER PT J AU Kerley, GIH Whitford, WG Kay, FR AF Kerley, GIH Whitford, WG Kay, FR TI Mechanisms for the keystone status of kangaroo rats: graminivory rather than granivory? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE graminivory; keystone species; Dipodomys; grass populations; Chihuahuan Desert ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; FOOD HABITS; LEAF-LITTER; RODENTS; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS AB Graminivory by kangaroo rats (Dipotomys spp.) was investigated as a potential mechanism fur the keystone role of these rodents in the dynamics of desert grasslands. Experiments confirmed that Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) cut and consumed a large proportion of the tillers of three Chihuahuan Desert tussock-forming grass species. Field observations indicated that the characteristically cut grass tillers were absent from all-rodent and medium-sized kangaroo rat exclosures, but were frequent in large-sized kangaroo rat and rabbit exclosures. indicating that the medium-sized kangaroo rats (D. ordii, D. merriami) were responsible for grass cutting. Tiller waste as: a, percentage of peak standing crop ranged from 7% in grassland habitats to 0.7% in Flourensia cernua shrubland. OF the 13 species of perennial, tussock-forming grasses measured, only one, Muhlenbergia porteri, had no tillers cut by kangaroo rats. This study demonstrates that the keystone role of kangaroo rats in Chihuahuan Desert grassland ecosystems is probably the result of their graminivory. C1 US EPA, NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB, CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV, LAS VEGAS, NV 89196 USA. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, JORNADA EXPT RANGE, DEPT 3JER, LAS CRUCES, NM 88003 USA. RP Kerley, GIH (reprint author), UNIV PORT ELIZABETH, DEPT ZOOL, TERR ECOL RES UNIT, POB 1600, ZA-6000 PORT ELIZABETH, SOUTH AFRICA. RI Kerley, Graham/B-7774-2009 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 111 IS 3 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1007/s004420050254 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XP311 UT WOS:A1997XP31100017 PM 28308138 ER PT J AU Bevers, M Hof, J Uresk, DW Schenbeck, GL AF Bevers, M Hof, J Uresk, DW Schenbeck, GL TI Spatial optimization of prairie dog colonies for black-footed ferret recovery SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION AB A discrete-time reaction-diffusion model for black-footed ferret release, population growth, and dispersal is combined with ferret carrying capacity constraints based on prairie dog population management decisions to form a spatial optimization model. Spatial arrangement of active prairie dog colonies within a ferret reintroduction area is optimized over time for maximum expected adult ferret population. This modeling approach is applied in an exploratory case study to a black-footed ferret reintroduction program in Badlands National Park and Buffalo Gap National Grassland, South Dakota. The model is currently being used to evaluate prairie dog population management alternatives and captive-bred ferret release locations for the Buffalo Gap National Grassland. This approach is also being adapted for use on other grasslands and with other species in the northern Great Plains. C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,CTR GREAT PLAINS ECOSYST RES,RAPID CITY,SD. NEBRASKA NATL FOREST,CHADRON,NE. RP Bevers, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 11 U2 31 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1287/opre.45.4.495 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA XR769 UT WOS:A1997XR76900001 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Borchman, D AF Byrdwell, WC Borchman, D TI Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometric characterization of sphingomyelin and dihydrosphingomyelin of human lens membranes SO OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; phospholipids; dihydrosphingomyelin; sphingomyelin ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SEPARATION; CATARACT AB The identity of the major phospholipid component of human lens membrane extracts, previously referred to as the 'unknown phospholipid', was recently proposed to be 4,5-dihydrosphingomyelin (DHS). Using high-performance liquid-chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric detection, we report here the first identification of the molecular species of DHSs and sphingomyelins (SPMs) of the human eye lens. The most abundant molecular species were palmitic and tetracosenoic (24:1) DHSs, representing 57.8 and 23.3% of human lens DHSs, respectively. Lesser amounts of hexacosanoic, hexacosenoic, tetracosanoic, docosanoic, docosenoic, stearic, palmitoleic, myristic and other DHSs were found. The most abundant normal SPM molecular species in the human lens were similar to those of DHS. Palmitic SPM represented 53.9 % of the uncorrected SPM peak areas, while tetracosenoic SPM represented 17.6% of the SPM in the human lens. The sphingolipids of the human lens were determined to be composed of 76.9% DHS species and 23.1% SPM species. Commercially available SPM was also found to contain significant amounts of DHS species. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,KENTUCKY LIONS EYE RES INST,DEPT OPHTHALMOL & VISUAL SCI,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07975] NR 28 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3747 J9 OPHTHALMIC RES JI Ophthalmic Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 191 EP 206 PG 16 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XN054 UT WOS:A1997XN05400002 PM 9261843 ER PT J AU Sankaranarayanan, R Mathew, B Varghese, C Sudhakaran, PR Menon, V Jayadeep, A Nair, MK Mathews, C Mahalingam, TR Balaram, P Nair, PP AF Sankaranarayanan, R Mathew, B Varghese, C Sudhakaran, PR Menon, V Jayadeep, A Nair, MK Mathews, C Mahalingam, TR Balaram, P Nair, PP TI Chemoprevention of oral leukoplakia with vitamin A and beta carotene: an assessment SO ORAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leukoplakia; chemoprevention; vitamin A; beta carotene; oral cancer ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL CONCENTRATION; COLORIMETRIC BACTERIAL ASSAY; SOS CHROMOTEST; FOLLOW-UP; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CANCER; SERUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMA AB We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of either vitamin A alone or beta carotene alone in subjects with oral leukoplakia in Kerala, India. We randomised 160 fishermen and women with oral precancerous lesions to receive oral vitamin A (retinyl acetate 300,000 IU/week x 12 months, n=50), or beta carotene (360 mg/week x 12 months, n=55), or placebo (n=55). Blood, saliva and urine samples were collected at baseline and at exit to study serum micronutrients and mutagenicity assays. Biopsies of the mucosal lesions at entry were performed for histopathological exclusion of malignancy. The subjects were examined once every 2 months to establish clinical response of lesions and toxicity, if any. The results are based on 43 compliant subjects on placebo, 42 on vitamin A and 46 on beta carotene. The complete regression rates were: 10% in the placebo arm, 52% with vitamin A and 33% with beta carotene (P<0.0001). Homogeneous leukoplakias and smaller lesions responded better than non-homogeneous and larger lesions. No major toxicities were observed. Half of the responders with beta carotene and two thirds with vitamin A relapsed after stopping supplementation. Serum beta carotene concentration increased substantially with beta carotene administration while with vitamin A supplementation there was no change in serum retinol levels. In the vitamin A treated group there was a significant decrease in serum alpha tocopherol. Vitamin A administration resulted in a significant remission of oral leukoplakia without any side effects of prolonged vitamin A supplementation. The results of this study, as well as those from previous studies, appear to provide strong supporting evidence to justify long term trials with vitamin A in subjects with high-risk leukoplakias with oral cancer as an endpoint. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 REG CANC CTR,TRIVANDRUM 695011,KERALA,INDIA. UNIV KERALA,DEPT BIOCHEM,TRIVANDRUM 695581,KERALA,INDIA. ANNAMALAI UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,CHIDAMBARAM,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. INDIRA GANDHI CTR ATOM RES,CHEM GRP,KALPAKKAM 603102,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,DIV HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP Sankaranarayanan, R (reprint author), INT AGCY RES CANC,UNIT DESCRIPT EPIDEMIOL,150 COURS ALBERT THOMAS,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. RI Balaram, Prabha/A-7026-2010; OI Menon, Venugopal Padmanabhan/0000-0002-1283-3822 NR 46 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0964-1955 J9 ORAL ONCOL JI Oral Oncol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0964-1955(97)00010-9 PG 6 WC Oncology; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Oncology; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XV842 UT WOS:A1997XV84200001 PM 9307711 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P TI Toxoplasmosis in rats (Rattus norvegicus): Congenital transmission to first and second generation offspring and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from seronegative rats SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; rat; Rattus norvegicus; congenital transmission ID INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; DIAGNOSIS; OOCYSTS; STRAINS; MODEL; MICE; CATS; SOWS AB To study congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii during acute and chronic infections, 4 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were each fed 10000 oocysts of the VEG strain. Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from 33, 55, 83 and 57 % of rats (F1) when darns were inoculated at 6, 9, 12 or 15 days of gestation, respectively. Progeny of 15 congenitally infected female rats were examined for T. gondii. Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from tissues of 1 of 155 rats (F2) born to congenitally infected darns. A total of 4 (F2) females were mated; 0 of 40 (F3) rats born to them were infected. None of the acutely infected 4 dams that had given birth to congenitally infected litters produced congenitally infected offspring during the second pregnancy. Thus, unlike mice, evidence for repeated congenital transmission of T. gondii in the rat was found in < 1 % of cases. Of the 16 congenitally T. gondii infected pups with demonstrable tissue cysts, 5 were seronegative (< 1:4) in the Sabin-Feldman dye test and 5 were seronegative (< 1:20) in the modified agglutination test by the use of whole formalinized tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. C1 INST PUERICULTURE,LAB TOXOPLASMOSE,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 115 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1017/S0031182097008950 PN 1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XM250 UT WOS:A1997XM25000002 PM 9226952 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Tissue cyst tropism in Toxoplasma gondii: a comparison of tissue cyst formation in organs of cats, and rodents fed oocysts SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; tissue cysts; organ distribution; cats; mice; rats ID FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; PERSISTENCE; MICE; TACHYZOITES; GOATS AB The persistence of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in organs of cats (definitive host) and rodents (intermediate hosts) was studied. Nine cats, 12 rats, and 12 mice were fed T. gondii oocysts and their organs were digested in pepsin and then bioassayed for bradyzoites in mice. Of 9 cats killed 37 or 51 days after feeding 10(2) (2 cats), 10(3) (3 cats) or 10(4) (4 cats) oocysts of the VEG strain, tissue cysts were found in each cat; in the tongue of 9, in the heart of 5, in the brain of 4, and in the eyes of 1 cat. The dose had no effect on the distribution of tissue cysts in cats. Twelve rats were each fed 10(5) oocysts of the VEG strain of T. gondii and killed 21, 29, 64 or 237 days later. At each time-period, 11 tissues of 3 rats were pooled and bioassayed in mice. Tissue cysts were found in the brain, skeletal muscle, heart and kidneys of rats at each killing time; in the lungs, intestines, and mesenteric lymph nodes in 3 of 4 instances; in the tongue, liver, and eyes in 2 instances and in the spleen in 1 instance. Also, using the same procedures and sampling the same 11 tissues as used for rats, tissue cysts were seen in all organs except in the tongue and liver of 3 mice killed on day 82 after feeding the VEG strain. In 9 mice (3 with each strain) fed oocysts of the ME-49, GT-1, or P89 T. gondii strain and killed 62-130 days later, tissue cysts were found consistently only in the brain. Thus, in rats and mice, most tissue cysts were found in the brain and rarely in the tongue. This was in marked contrast to the distribution of tissue cysts in cats. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 115 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1017/S0031182097008949 PN 1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XM250 UT WOS:A1997XM25000003 PM 9226953 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Furcolow, CA Kimball, BA AF Johnston, JJ Furcolow, CA Kimball, BA TI Identification of metabolites of pentachlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in coyote feces: Development of physiological markers for wildlife damage control SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chlorinated benzenes; coyote; feces pentachlorobenzene; physiologic marker; tetrachlorobenzene AB Coyotes were dosed with pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB). Residues were determined in feces and adipose tissue at intervals up to six months post-dosing. PeCB was detectable in feces for six months post-dosing. 1,2,4,5-TeCB residues were of similar persistence and magnitude to those of PeCB. PeCB was metabolized to pentachlorophenol and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. Simultaneous oral delivery of two biomarkers decreased absorption by about 25%. These data indicate that PeCB and 1,2,4,5-TeCB have excellent applicability as long term biomarkers for wildlife study and management. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,3350 EASTBROOK DR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA XK044 UT WOS:A1997XK04400011 ER PT J AU WalkerSimmons, MK Holappa, LD Abrams, GD Abrams, SR AF WalkerSimmons, MK Holappa, LD Abrams, GD Abrams, SR TI ABA metabolites induce group 3 LEA mRNA and inhibit germination in wheat SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ABA; ABA metabolites; abscisic acid; phaseic acid; 8'-hydroxy-ABA; 7'-hydroxy-ABA; Triticum aesitivum; wheat ID BARLEY ALEURONE LAYERS; ABSCISIC-ACID ANALOGS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; (+)-ABSCISIC ACID; PHASEIC ACID; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOS; SEEDLINGS; STRESS AB In plants, metabolism of the plant hormone (+)-S-abscisic acid (ABA) occurs by oxidation at the 8'-carbon on the ABA ring producing (+)-8'-hydrosy-ABA (8'OH-ABA). which undergoes ring closure to phaseic acid (PA), or at the 7'-carbon producing 7'-hydroxy-ABA (7'OH-ABA), New methods for synthesizing and stabilizing 8'OH-ABA have enabled us for the first time to compare the biological activities of the ABA metabolites, 8'OH-ABA, PA and 7'OH-ABA. Activities were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cvs Brevor and Clarks Cream) using optically pure natural enantiomers of ABA, 8'OH-ABA, PA, and 7'OH-ABA. Comparison of wheat embryo germination inhibitory activity showed that only the metabolite 7'OH-ABA had significant activity (10 to 40%, of effective ABA activity) as a germination inhibitor of wheat embryos. The metabolites had differential effects on ABA-responsive gene expression. Both 8'OH-ABA and PA were effective inducers of an ABA-responsive LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) gene, wheat group 3 LEA, in seedling roots, suggesting that ABA metabolites can maintain and prolong LEA gene expression. The metabolites had only a slight effect on accumulation of an ABA-reponsive protein kinase (PKABA1) mRNA or pMA1951. These results are consistent with the idea that then are several control points in the ABA metabolic pathway and indicate that assessment of ABA signalling responses should include consideration of the biological activities of ABA metabolites. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W9,CANADA. RP WalkerSimmons, MK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1000308.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XK317 UT WOS:A1997XK31700008 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Semer, CR AF Martin, FN Semer, CR TI Selection of drug-tolerant strains of Pythium sylvaticum using sublethal enrichment SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drug mutants; mitochondrial inheritance ID F-SP-MEDICAGINIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; RESISTANT MUTANTS; PROTOPLAST FUSION; FOSETYL-AL AB Sublethal enrichment was used to generate mutants of Pythium sylvaticum tolerant to kanamycin and tetracycline. Kanamycin tolerance was readily generated, and mutants had growth rates similar to wild-type isolates at antibiotic concentrations lethal to wild-type isolates. Based on crosses between wild-type and mutant isolates, two types of inheritance of tolerance were identified. A high level of kanamycin tolerance was inherited in progeny only when the maternal parent was drug tolerant and was correlated with the inheritance of maternal mitochondrial DNA. A lower level of tolerance was observed in some progeny when the paternal parent was tolerant to the antibiotic and, based on the lack of inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA, was presumably nuclear-encoded. Selection of mutants tolerant to tetracycline took longer to generate than kanamycin-tolerant mutants. Based on crosses between tolerant and wildtype parents, tolerance to tetracycline was nuclear-encoded. Tolerance to both antibiotics was stable, with cultures retaining tolerance following repeated transfers on nonamended medium and after storage for 7 years. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 87 IS 7 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.7.685 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN271 UT WOS:A1997XN27100004 PM 18945089 ER PT J AU ONeill, NR vanBerkum, P Lin, JJ Kuo, J Ude, GN Kenworthy, W Saunders, JA AF ONeill, NR vanBerkum, P Lin, JJ Kuo, J Ude, GN Kenworthy, W Saunders, JA TI Application of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism for genetic characterization of Colletotrichum pathogens of alfalfa SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; Medicago sativa; PCR ID DNA AB Amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess the levels of genomic variations among species and isolates of the genus Colletotrichum. Our objective was to characterize at the molecular level two alfalfa pathogens, isolates Arl-NW and 57RR, which are unusually aggressive to anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and whose taxa has been uncertain based on morphological criteria. The fingerprint patterns obtained were complex but did enable us to place these two isolates within the species C. trifolii and C. gloeosporioides, respectively. The diversity detected with AFLP among and within Colletotrichum species from alfalfa and other crops corroborated their published taxonomy based on morphology, ribosomal DNA sequence, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Similarity matrices generated with three primer pairs were highly correlated and, thus, were combined to determine the similarity among the fungal species and isolates that were analyzed. Analysis of the data generated with each of the primer pairs individually and application of either distance or parsimony methods supported the placement of these two isolates. The parsimony method of data analysis was more confirmatory in the placement of Phoma medicaginis as an outgroup than the distance method, using either simple matching or Jaccard's coefficients to generate the similarity matrices. Our conclusion is that the AFLP technique will be useful for identification of individual isolates within complex genera such as Colletotrichum because of its ability to generate large numbers of polymorphisms and the consistency of polymerase chain reaction amplification. C1 LIFE TECHNOL INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP ONeill, NR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 87 IS 7 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.7.745 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN271 UT WOS:A1997XN27100012 PM 18945097 ER PT J AU Kubisiak, TL Hebard, FV Nelson, CD Zhang, JS Bernatzky, R Huang, H Anagnostakis, SL Doudrick, RL AF Kubisiak, TL Hebard, FV Nelson, CD Zhang, JS Bernatzky, R Huang, H Anagnostakis, SL Doudrick, RL TI Molecular mapping of resistance to blight in an interspecific cross in the genus Castanea SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; AMERICAN CHESTNUT; GENETIC-LINKAGE; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; BREEDING PROGRAMS; MARKERS; TOMATO; LOCI; MAP; INTROGRESSION AB A three-generation American chestnut x Chinese chestnut pedigree was used to construct a genetic linkage map for chestnut and to investigate the control of resistance to Endothia parasitica (chestnut blight fungus). DNA genotypes for 241 polymorphic markers (eight isozymes, 17 restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs], and 216 random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs]) were assayed on an F-2 family consisting of 102 individuals. Of these markers, 196 were segregating as expected and, subsequently, used for primary linkage mapping. Two isozymes, 12 RFLPs, and 170 RAPDs were mapped to 12 linkage groups spanning a total genetic distance of 530.1 Kosambi centimorgans. F-2 plants were evaluated for a response to E. parasitica infection by directly inoculating them with two unique fungal isolates and measuring canker expansion over a period of 3.5 months. Results were compared with the marker genotype data, thereby identifying genomic regions significantly associated with a resistance response. Single-marker or nonsimultaneous analyses of variance identified seven genomic regions that appear to have an effect on host response. Multiple-marker or simultaneous models suggest that three of these regions have a significant effect on host response, together explaining as much as 42.2% of the total variation for canker size. At each of the three putative resistance loci, alleles derived from the Chinese chestnut grandparent were associated with smaller canker size, or higher levels of resistance. C1 AMER CHESTNUT FDN RES FARMS,MEADOWVIEW,VA 24361. INT PAPER CO,SOUTHLANDS EXPT FOREST,BAINBRIDGE,GA 31717. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. KENT STATE UNIV,ATWOOD RES FACIL 136,FRANKFORT,KY 40601. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,SO INST FOREST GENET,SAUCIER,MS 39574, USA. NR 48 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 87 IS 7 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.7.751 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN271 UT WOS:A1997XN27100013 PM 18945098 ER PT J AU ElGhaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M AF ElGhaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M TI Antifungal activity of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer: Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonmetabolizable sugars; postharvest biocontrol; sugar analogs ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS; INHIBITION; ANALOGS; GROWTH AB The effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on major postharvest pathogens was investigated at the ultrastructural and cytochemical level. Hyphae of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansion, and Rhizopus stolonifer grown in the absence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose were normal and showed no apparent cytological alterations. In the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, however, these fungi exhibited severe cellular injuries ranging from cell wall disruption to cytoplasm disintegration. Although 2-deoxy-D-glucose caused cytoplasmic degeneration in the three fungi tested, cell wall alterations were exhibited only by B. cinerea and R. stolonifer. In the latter, the retraction of degenerated cytoplasm was often accompanied by the deposition of amorphous material in paramural spaces. Cytochemical study of fungal cell wall components showed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose caused a marked increase of chitin- and beta-1,3-glucan-labeling in R. stolonifer and B. cinerea, indicating an interference of 2-deoxy-D-glucose with fungal wall biosynthesis. The observed cellular alterations indicate that 2-deoxy-D-glucose may also have affected other metabolic processes. C1 ARS,USDA,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25530. RP ElGhaouth, A (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,CTR RECH HORT,LAVAL,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 87 IS 7 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.7.772 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN271 UT WOS:A1997XN27100016 PM 18945101 ER PT J AU Shantharam, S Mattoo, AK AF Shantharam, S Mattoo, AK TI Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation: An appraisal of current and alternative technologies for N input into plants SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Opportunities for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Rice and Other Non-Legumes CY OCT 13-15, 1996 CL NATL INST BIOTECHNOL & GENET ENGN, FALSALABAD, PAKISTAN SP Frontier Project Nitrogen Fixat Rice, 2nd Working Grp HO NATL INST BIOTECHNOL & GENET ENGN DE carbon-nitrogen balance; ethylene; legumes; nitrogen economy; nitrogen fixing bacteria; non-legumes; rhizobium; senescence; signal transduction ID LEGUME ROOT NODULE; N-2 FIXATION; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; REGULATED EXPRESSION; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; DINITROGEN FIXATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRATE UPTAKE; RICE LEAVES; POD FILL AB Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) involves a highly specialized and intricately evolved interactions between, soil microorganisms and higher plants for harnessing the atmospheric elemental nitrogen (N). This process has been researched for almost a century for efficient N input into plants. The basic mechanism and biochemical steps involved in BNF have been unraveled. It has become abundantly clear that the host plant (legumes) dominates in regulating the BNF process. Environmental factors as well influence this process. Perturbation or any manipulation of the interactions between the bacteria and the legumes seems to offset the critical balance, usually to the detriment of N fixation efficiency. Not much success has been obtained in either enhancing BNF in legumes or transferring important BNF traits to non-nitrogen fixing organisms. An appraisal is given for the lack of success in making the BNF process a popular and efficient agronomic practice. Alternative physiological approaches are presented for improving mobilization, redistribution and utilization of stored N reserves within the host plant. C1 USDA,ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Shantharam, S (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BSS,RIVERSIDE,MD 20737, USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 92 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1997 VL 194 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1004234315999 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YE296 UT WOS:A1997YE29600021 ER PT J AU Cardwell, KF Kling, JG Bock, C AF Cardwell, KF Kling, JG Bock, C TI Methods for screening maize against downy mildew Peronosclerospora sorghi SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; disease screening; downy mildew; host plant resistance AB Methods of inoculum delivery and timing of test-row planting were assessed for efficacy in promoting development of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) in susceptible maize, and For cost of implementation in terms of personnel and labour. Direct inoculation of pre germinated seed of spreader rows resulted in consistent and high incidence of downy mildew infected plants and required substantially less labour and inoculum than the spray inoculation of spreader rows. The optimum time to plant test rows was around 15 days after inoculation of spreader rows. Eight breeding lines were screened for resistance to downy mildew using the revised inoculation method. After one cycle of screening with the new method, resistance levels improved by a range of 0-44% over the previous cycle. C1 INT INST TROP AGR,CROP IMPROVEMENT DIV,IBADAN,NIGERIA. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. RP Cardwell, KF (reprint author), INT INST TROP AGR,PLANT HLTH MANAGEMENT DIV,PMB 5320,IBADAN,NIGERIA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 116 IS 3 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb00986.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA XP821 UT WOS:A1997XP82100002 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP AF Wilson, JP TI Inheritance of partial rust resistance in pearl millet SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Pennisetum glaucum; Puccinia substriata var indica; field test; general resistance; genetic analysis; seedling evaluation; single-seed descent; slow rusting resistance ID REGISTRATION AB Quantitative disease resistance should be exploited to complement the use of genes for qualitative or hypersensitive resistance. The expression and inheritance of partial rust resistance of pearl millet inbreds 700481-21-8 and 'ICMP 501' crossed to moderately susceptible 'Tift 383' were evaluated in seedling assays in the greenhouse and in generation mean and single-seed descent populations in the field. Uredinium sizes on seedling leaves of hybrids were generally intermediate to those of the parental inbreds and consistent differences could be discerned in uredinium lengths. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPCs) of individual plants of the parents, F-1, F-2, and backcross F(1)s to each parent were determined from field trials. Broad-sense heritability estimates for both crosses were 43%. In generation mean analyses, additive genetic effects were significant in the cross of 700481-21-8 x 'Tift 383', whereas additive, dominance, and dominance x dominance epistatic effects were significant for 'ICMP 501' x 'Tift 383'. The number of genes conferring partial resistance was estimated to be two for 700481-21-8 and 2.5 for 'ICMP 501'. A hierarchical single-seed descent analysis revealed significant differences in AUDPC among F-3-derived F-4 progenies in the F-6 generation. Selection for progenies with greater resistance should be possible among F-4 families. Higher levels of resistance were observed in progeny derived from 'ICMP 501'. Because segregation of resistance differed among progeny derived from 700481-21-8 and 'ICMP 501', the genetic basis for resistance probably differs between the two inbreds. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 116 IS 3 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb00989.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA XP821 UT WOS:A1997XP82100005 ER PT J AU Kerstetter, RA Hake, S AF Kerstetter, RA Hake, S TI Shoot meristem formation in vegetative development SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; HOMEO BOX GENE; APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; MAIZE; LEAF; MUTANTS; LEAVES; MUTATIONS C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 88 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1105/tpc.9.7.1001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA XP136 UT WOS:A1997XP13600003 ER PT J AU Crescenzi, A dAquino, L Comes, S Nuzzaci, M Piazzolla, P Boscia, D Hadidi, A AF Crescenzi, A dAquino, L Comes, S Nuzzaci, M Piazzolla, P Boscia, D Hadidi, A TI Characterization of the sweet cherry isolate of plum pox potyvirus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB An isolate of plum pox potyvirus from sweet cherry (PPV-SwC) in southern Italy was investigated. The isolate was mechanically or graft transmissible to different Prunus and Nicotiana spp. but not to Chenopodium spp. It was transmitted also by Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae in a nonpersistent manner. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated and nucleotide sequencing confirmed that the isolate lacks AluI and RsaI sites in the C-terminal region of the coat protein (CP) gene. Western immunoblot results showed that the PPV-SwC CP has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of strain PPV-D and faster than that of strain PPV-M. Double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the CP showed that PPV-SwC, although reacting with universal monoclonal antibodies to PPV, failed to react with antibodies specific to strains M and D. Results indicate that PPV-SwC is different from conventional strains of PPV but closely related to the sour cherry isolate of PPV from Moldova. C1 UNIV BARI,DIPARTIMENTO PROTEZ PIANTE,BARI,ITALY. CTR STUDIO VIRUS & VIROSI COLTURE MEDITERRANEE,BARI,ITALY. USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Crescenzi, A (reprint author), UNIV BASILICATA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL DIFESA & BIOTECNOL AGRO FORESTA,I-85100 POTENZA,ITALY. OI BOSCIA, DONATO/0000-0002-4544-8680 NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 711 EP 714 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.711 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600002 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Yates, IE Bacon, CW Hinton, DM TI Effects of endophytic infection by Fusarium moniliforme on corn growth and cellular morphology SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE anatomy; roots ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; ROOTS; RESISTANCE; STALKS; SEED AB Kernels of corn, Zea mays, were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme to analyze seedling growth and development during endophytic, symptomless infection. In planta F: moniliforme distribution and seedling growth, expressed as shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and dry weight, were examined weekly for 28 days after planting. Even though no visible disease symptoms developed, F: moniliforme was isolated from most segments taken from seedlings grown from inoculated, but not noninoculated, kernels from the earliest to the latest sampling. F: moniliforme did not alter the rate or percentage of kernel germination, but seedlings grown from inoculated kernels had suppressed shoot diameter, plant height, leaf length, and plant weight 7 days after planting. However, seedling growth from inoculated kernels was similar to or greater than that from noninoculated kernels at 28 days. Histological modifications in seedlings grown from inoculated kernels included accelerated lignin deposition in shoots and modified chloroplast orientation in leaves. In summary, gross morphology and histology were altered in corn seedlings during symptomless, endophytic infection by F: moniliforme. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.723 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600005 ER PT J AU Rowhani, A Uyemoto, JK Golino, DA AF Rowhani, A Uyemoto, JK Golino, DA TI A comparison between serological and biological assays in detecting grapevine leafroll associated viruses SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; DISEASED GRAPEVINES AB The efficacy of the serological procedure enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV types -1, -2, -3, and -4) was compared with indexing on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Franc. Results of the biological assays confirmed the infectious nature of all grapevine sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-1 (9 sources), GLRaV-2 (14 sources), and GLRaV-4 (14 sources), and the noninfectious nature of ELISA-negative grapevines (75 sources). However, among 57 sources testing positive by ELISA for GLRaV-3, or 24 sources with multiple infections, 8 and 1 sources, respectively, were negative by Cabernet Franc assays. Serological assays were repeated on all graft-inoculated indicators and only symptomatic ones reacted positively. Also, the 8 original GLRaV-3 sources that had tested positive by ELISA and negative by bioassay were found positive using immunocapture/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR). The single multiple-infected source was not available for retesting. The distribution of GLRaV in infected grapevines was tested by assaying 20 to 40 samples per source of 36 plants infected with GLRaV-1, -2, -3, or -4. The incidence of GLRaV-positive canes as determined by ELISA ranged from 0 to 100%, suggesting that GLRaV can be unevenly distributed in chronically infected grapevines. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 799 EP 801 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.799 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600022 ER PT J AU Kaiser, WJ Wang, BC Rogers, JD AF Kaiser, WJ Wang, BC Rogers, JD TI Ascochyta fabae and A-lentis: Host specificity, teleomorphs (Didymella), hybrid analysis, and taxonomic status SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta blight ID RESISTANCE; STRAW AB Isolates of Ascochyrafabae from faba bean (Vicia faba) and A. lentis from lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries were used in this study. The Didymella teleomorph (sexual state) of each fungus was induced to develop and mature on inoculated sterile lentil stems. Both fungi were heterothallic, with two mating types, designated MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. When certain isolates of A. fabae and A. lentis were crossed, hybrid pseudothecia developed. Growth, sporulation, colony appearance, morphology, and pathogenicity of the hybrid progeny frequently differed greatly from the parent isolates. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. fabae caused disease in faba bean but not in lentil; inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from matings among compatible isolates of A. lentis incited disease in lentil but not in faba bean. Inoculations with single-ascospore progeny from crosses between faba bean and lentil isolates did not induce disease in either host. Asci from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis mostly contained fewer than eight ascospores that were, on average, larger than those from eight-spored asci. Matings among certain isolates of A. fabae resulted in production of pseudothecia with ascospores considerably larger than is typical for D. fabae. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of Ascochyta isolates from faba bean and lentil are clearly different, and banding patterns from hybrid progeny from crosses between A. fabae and A. lentis confirmed hybridity. RAPD markers proved useful in supporting identifications of ascospore isolates from faba bean to known Ascochyta species. Dendrogram analysis indicated similarity between the two fungal species was low. The pathogenicity tests, morphological characteristics, and RAPD markers indicate that A. fabae and A. lentis represent distinct taxa. D. lentis, with its anamorph, A. lentis, is proposed as a new species that is distinct from D. fabae, with its anamorph, A. fabae. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Kaiser, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,POB 646402,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 809 EP 816 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.809 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600024 ER PT J AU Sherwood, RT AF Sherwood, RT TI Viruses of white clover in pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PEANUT STUNT VIRUS; FORAGE LEGUMES; TRIFOLIUM; FIELD; YIELD AB Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in II PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA. RP Sherwood, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.817 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600025 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Katovich, S Anderson, RL AF Ostry, ME Katovich, S Anderson, RL TI First report of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on black walnut. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 830 EP 830 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.830D PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600032 ER PT J AU Rayachhetry, MB Elliott, ML Van, TK AF Rayachhetry, MB Elliott, ML Van, TK TI Natural epiphytotic of the rust Puccinia psidii on Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP Rayachhetry, MB (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 81 IS 7 BP 831 EP 831 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.7.831A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN286 UT WOS:A1997XN28600033 ER PT J AU Kulikauskas, R McCormick, S AF Kulikauskas, R McCormick, S TI Identification of the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of the pollen-expressed LAT59 gene of tomato SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergen; Arabidopsis thaliana; gene expression; intron; pectate lyase; pollen-specific ID JAPANESE CEDAR POLLEN; CRY-J-I; MAJOR ALLERGEN; PECTATE LYASE; MICROSPOROGENESIS; PROMOTERS; ELEMENTS; CLONING; PLANTS AB We describe the complete genomic sequences for the tobacco and Arabidopsis homologues of tomato LAT59, a previously described member of a family of pectate lyase-like genes. Translation of the tobacco gene, Nt59, predicts a protein with 93.5% overall amino acid similarity to LAT59. Nt59 has two introns whose positions are exactly conserved with the two introns of LAT59. Both LAT59 and Nt59 are specifically expressed in pollen and their promoter and 5'-UTR sequences are highly similar. Furthermore, two promoter elements shown to be important for pollen expression of LAT59 are conserved in the Nt59 promoter. The Arabidopsis homologue, At59, was found by examination of four candidates. At59 has 72.6% amino acid similarity to LAT59 and the position of one of its two introns is conserved with one of the LAT59 introns. At59 is also pollen-expressed and although its promoter sequence is quite different from the Nt59 and LAT59 promoters, the two promoter elements are somewhat conserved. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1023/A:1005856531693 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA XR962 UT WOS:A1997XR96200010 PM 9278171 ER PT J AU Yan, B Salazar, RA Pring, DR AF Yan, B Salazar, RA Pring, DR TI Transcription initiation sites for sorghum mitochondrial atp9 are positioned immediately 3' to trnfM SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; mitochondria; transcription; trnfM; atp9 ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; GENOME; GENES; PROMOTERS; CONTAINS; REGION AB Sorghum mitochondrial atp9 is polymorphic among male-sterile cytoplasms, but each cytoplasm is characterized by a major 650 nt transcript, regardless of fertility status. The gene is positioned 323 bp 3' to trnfM. Primer extension revealed multiple atp9 5' transcript termini, distributed from +1 to +28 3' to trnfM; the termini could be labeled with polynucleotide kinase, suggesting that they result from the maturation of trnfM. Guanylyltransferase experiments, however, showed that four of the termini were capable. The juxtaposition of a putative promoter 3' to trnfM results in a unique atp9 transcript population consisting of primary and processed transcripts. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,CROP GENET & ENVIRONM RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL PROGRAM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1023/A:1005814812438 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA XR962 UT WOS:A1997XR96200012 PM 9278173 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH Haigler, CH Taylor, JG Main, LM AF Atalla, RH Haigler, CH Taylor, JG Main, LM TI Raman microprobe characterization of lignification in the secondary thickenings of differentiating tracheary elements from cultures of Zinnia elegans. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900061 ER PT J AU Vermerris, W Sisco, P Whetten, R Sederoff, R AF Vermerris, W Sisco, P Whetten, R Sederoff, R TI Cloning of Brown-midrib2, a maize gene affecting lignin composition. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Whetten, Ross/A-9734-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900063 ER PT J AU Marentes, E Bellatoire, A Grusak, MA AF Marentes, E Bellatoire, A Grusak, MA TI Characterization of phloem proteins by laser ionization mass spectrometry. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR ANALYT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900070 ER PT J AU Ruan, UL Chourey, PS AF Ruan, UL Chourey, PS TI An altered mode of spatial and temporal expression of sucrose synthase in a fiberless seed mutant of cotton. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,PMCB PROGRAM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900080 ER PT J AU Davidonis, GH AF Davidonis, GH TI Cotton ovule culture; assessing intrinsic fiber development potential. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900081 ER PT J AU Gilbert, GA Knight, JD Vance, CP AF Gilbert, GA Knight, JD Vance, CP TI Does auxin play a role in the adaptations of white lupin roots to phosphate deficiency? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900111 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, JM Russelle, MP Bernasconi, C AF Blumenthal, JM Russelle, MP Bernasconi, C TI Ineffective nodulation modifies nitrate uptake kinetics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,USDFRC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. ETH ZURICH,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900112 ER PT J AU Cohen, CK Fox, TC Garvin, DF Kochian, LV AF Cohen, CK Fox, TC Garvin, DF Kochian, LV TI The role of iron deficiency stress responses in stimulating heavy-metal uptake in pea seedlings SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,HANOVER,NH 03755. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900114 ER PT J AU Law, RD Plaxton, WC AF Law, RD Plaxton, WC TI Regulatory phosphorylation of banana fruit phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase by a copurifying phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase-kinase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. RI Plaxton, William/O-3353-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900117 ER PT J AU Swegle, M Booij, I Edelman, M Mattoo, AK AF Swegle, M Booij, I Edelman, M Mattoo, AK TI Isolation of a rice leaf protein kinase and its possible role in the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900132 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, PE ShacharHill, Y Douds, DD Becard, G AF Pfeffer, PE ShacharHill, Y Douds, DD Becard, G TI Metabolism and transport of carbon substrates in an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. CICT,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900148 ER PT J AU ShacharHill, Y Rolin, DB Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD AF ShacharHill, Y Rolin, DB Pfeffer, PE Douds, DD TI Uptake and transfer to the host of nitrogen by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INRA,UNIV VICTOR SEGALEN BORDEAUX 2,BORDEAUX,FRANCE. ARS,USDA,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900150 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Gross, KC AF Smith, DL Gross, KC TI Molecular genetic analysis of the role of beta-galactosidase in tomato fruit softening and ripening SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900174 ER PT J AU Adina, B Isaac, K Eliot, H Noa, E Keren, A Oshra, B AF Adina, B Isaac, K Eliot, H Noa, E Keren, A Oshra, B TI Wheat novel molecular chaperones exhibiting peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, tissue specificity and abiotic stress induction SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,DEPT BOT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900175 ER PT J AU Mehta, RA Handa, A Li, N Mattoo, AK AF Mehta, RA Handa, A Li, N Mattoo, AK TI Ripening-activated expression of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase increases polyamine levels and influences ripening in transgenic tomato fruits SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,REE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 134 EP 134 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900178 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Minocha, SC AF Minocha, R Minocha, SC TI A comparative analysis of polyamines during somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in Pinus radiata SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,US FOREST SERV,NEFES,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900179 ER PT J AU Davis, DG AF Davis, DG TI Growth regulator effects on root and shoot formation in micronutrient-deficient hypocotyls of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900181 ER PT J AU Giroux, MJ Morris, CF AF Giroux, MJ Morris, CF TI Structure and presence of the amyloplast membrane proteins, puroindolines, are associated with wheat grain hardness. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900185 ER PT J AU Babu, TS Jansen, MAK Gaba, V Malkin, S Greenberg, BM Mattoo, MK Edelman, M AF Babu, TS Jansen, MAK Gaba, V Malkin, S Greenberg, BM Mattoo, MK Edelman, M TI Synergistic degradation of photosystem II reaction center proteins under mixed PAR UV-B radiation. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT BIOL,WATERLOO,ON N2L 3G1,CANADA. WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. ARO VOLCANI CTR,DEPT VIROL,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900202 ER PT J AU WalkerSimmons, MK Abrams, GD Holappa, LD Abrams, SR AF WalkerSimmons, MK Abrams, GD Holappa, LD Abrams, SR TI Differential effects of ABA metabolites on ABA-responsive gene expression and germination inhibition. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W9,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900222 ER PT J AU Wozniak, CA Lee, ME AF Wozniak, CA Lee, ME TI A protein associated with callus formation in Sorghum is common to grass species. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 191 EP 191 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900235 ER PT J AU Chernikova, T Robinson, JM Lee, EH Mulchi, CL AF Chernikova, T Robinson, JM Lee, EH Mulchi, CL TI Evaluation of ozone tolerance mechanisms in soybean cultivars exposed to ambient and elevated CO2. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900245 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Rowland, RA Mulchi, CL Britz, SJ AF Lee, EH Rowland, RA Mulchi, CL Britz, SJ TI Characterizing soybean flavonoid isolines with differing ozone sensitivity. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NATURAL RESOURCE SCI & ARCHITECTURE,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 202 EP 202 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900246 ER PT J AU Bertoni, GP Portis, AR AF Bertoni, GP Portis, AR TI Modified Rubisco activase proteins for analysis of Rubisco Rubisco activase interaction by surface plasmon resonance. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 222 EP 222 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900266 ER PT J AU Jin, W Palmer, RG Shoemaker, RC Horner, HT AF Jin, W Palmer, RG Shoemaker, RC Horner, HT TI Molecular and cellular analysis of b-1,3-glucanase involvement in a male-sterile soybean mutant. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CICGR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 249 EP 249 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900293 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Quebedeaux, B AF Wang, ZC Quebedeaux, B TI Photoperiod alters carbon partitioning into sorbitol and sucrose in apple. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900338 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE AF Lingle, SE TI A role for sucrose metabolic enzymes in controlling rates of growth and sugar accumulation in sugarcane? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900342 ER PT J AU Hendrix, DL AF Hendrix, DL TI Seasonal changes in diurnal cycling of cotton leaf starch. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,USDA,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900360 ER PT J AU MacAdam, JW Grabber, JH AF MacAdam, JW Grabber, JH TI Relationships between leaf blade elongation of tall fescue and the concentrations of ferulic and diferulic acids in cell walls. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA,MADISON,WI 53706. RI MacAdam, Jennifer/B-3156-2009 OI MacAdam, Jennifer/0000-0003-2349-9863 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900368 ER PT J AU Hatfield, R Grabber, J Ralph, J AF Hatfield, R Grabber, J Ralph, J TI A potential role of sinapyl p-coumarate in grass lignin formation. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900389 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Durso, NA AF Vaughn, KC Durso, NA TI Cell wall alterations in BY-2 tobacco cells after long-term habituation to dichlobenil. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 350 EP 350 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900393 ER PT J AU Durso, NA Vaughn, KC AF Durso, NA Vaughn, KC TI The herbicidal manipulation of callose levels in cell plates radically affects cell plate structure. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SWSL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 351 EP 351 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900394 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL AF Gustine, DL TI Constraints on vegetative propagation of white clover in herbivore grazed pastures: A population genetics approach in a physiological world. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES LAB,PASTURE LAB 109,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 382 EP 382 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900424 ER PT J AU Tabor, CA Brett, PW AF Tabor, CA Brett, PW TI Comparisons of the hydraulic architecture and seasonal changes in hydraulic conductivity among competing trees and shrubs. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900427 ER PT J AU Bradow, M SassenrathCole, GF Wartelle, LH Johnson, RM AF Bradow, M SassenrathCole, GF Wartelle, LH Johnson, RM TI Fifty-six days in the life of a Gossypium cell. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA. ARS,USDA,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 388 EP 388 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900430 ER PT J AU Aung, LM Obenland, DM Houck, LG Ryan, FJ AF Aung, LM Obenland, DM Houck, LG Ryan, FJ TI Postharvest temperature-induced soluble sugars in lemon flavedo tissues related to stress tolerance. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900445 ER PT J AU Koch, JL Scherzer, AJ Eshita, SM Davis, KR AF Koch, JL Scherzer, AJ Eshita, SM Davis, KR TI Levels of ozone-induced and wound-induced transcripts correlate with ozone tolerance in hybrid poplar. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,DELAWARE,OH 43015. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MOL GENET,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR PLANT BIOTECHNOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RI Davis, Keith/C-5623-2009 OI Davis, Keith/0000-0002-7432-8610 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900469 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR AF Mahan, JR TI Variation in glutathione levels in field-grown cotton under different irrigation frequencies. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & GERMPLASM DEV UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 435 EP 435 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900476 ER PT J AU Panta, GR Parmentier, CM Rowland, LJ AF Panta, GR Parmentier, CM Rowland, LJ TI Response of dehydrins to drought, low temperature, and ABA treatment in whole plants and cell suspension culture of blueberry. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 445 EP 445 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900486 ER PT J AU Joseph, G Kelsey, GR AF Joseph, G Kelsey, GR TI Effect of flooding douglas-fir seedlings on ethanol accumulation and water relations. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 451 EP 451 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900492 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Joseph, G Gerson, EA AF Kelsey, RG Joseph, G Gerson, EA TI Ethanol synthesis in conifers: species variation and the effects of nitrogen fertilization. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 452 EP 452 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900493 ER PT J AU Saab, IN Sachs, MM AF Saab, IN Sachs, MM TI Characterization of a flooding-responsive xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase homolog. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. ARS,USDA,URBANA,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900494 ER PT J AU KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE AF KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE TI Response of carrot root tissues to hypoxic stress. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD. KAGAWA UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE SCI,KAGAWA 76107,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 460 EP 460 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900500 ER PT J AU Wood, AJ Oliver, MJ AF Wood, AJ Oliver, MJ TI Characterization of RNase activities in the desiccation-tolerant moss, Tortula ruralis. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,USDA,LUBBOCK,TX 79424. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 463 EP 463 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900503 ER PT J AU Sa, T Israel, DW AF Sa, T Israel, DW TI Effect of phosphorus deficiency on response of symbiotic N-2 fixation of soybean to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUN MOON UNIV,DEPT FOOD RESOURCES,CHUNGNAM 336840,SOUTH KOREA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900524 ER PT J AU Booker, FL AF Booker, FL TI Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on proanthocyanidins in cotton. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 489 EP 489 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900528 ER PT J AU Malik, MK Slovin, JP Zimmerman, JL AF Malik, MK Slovin, JP Zimmerman, JL TI Antisense to a LMW heat shock protein (Hsp17.7) reduces acquired thermotolerance in carrot. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21250. ARS,USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900533 ER PT J AU Malik, M Slovin, JP Zimmerman, JL AF Malik, M Slovin, JP Zimmerman, JL TI Carrot cell lines and tomato plants transformed with a small heat shock protein from carrot (Hsp 17.7) exhibit increased thermotolerance. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT BIOL SCI,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. ARS,USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 497 EP 497 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900535 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Characterization of an acquired thermotolerance mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & GERMPLASM DEV UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900538 ER PT J AU Walters, C WalkerSimmons, MK Ried, JL AF Walters, C WalkerSimmons, MK Ried, JL TI Heat-soluble proteins extracted from wheat seed embryos have tightly bound sugars and unusual hydration properties. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900541 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Grusak, MA AF Pomper, KW Grusak, MA TI Transpiration is not the only factor controlling calcium transport to green bean pods. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 513 EP 513 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900551 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Koch, KD Pesin, JA AF Grusak, MA Koch, KD Pesin, JA TI Localization of Fe(III) reductase activity along roots of diverse dicotyledonous plants. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900556 ER PT J AU Stephens, BW Marentes, E Grusak, MA AF Stephens, BW Marentes, E Grusak, MA TI Phloem iron transport from vegetative tissues to developing seeds in pea. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900557 ER PT J AU Redinbaugh, MG Jones, TA AF Redinbaugh, MG Jones, TA TI Variations in nitrate reductase activity in annual weedy grasses and beneficial perennial grasses of the Intermountain West. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 521 EP 521 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900559 ER PT J AU Chang, HC Bush, DR AF Chang, HC Bush, DR TI Membrane topology of a neutral amino acid transporter (NAT2/AAP1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900982 ER PT J AU Papernik, LA Kochian, LV AF Papernik, LA Kochian, LV TI Aluminum tolerance in wheat: the possible involvement of electrical signals. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900587 ER PT J AU Parmentier, CM Rowland, LJ Line, MJ AF Parmentier, CM Rowland, LJ Line, MJ TI Water state and release from dormancy in blueberry flower buds. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 577 EP 577 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900614 ER PT J AU Tucker, DE Jones, T Ort, DR AF Tucker, DE Jones, T Ort, DR TI Chilling effects on protein phosphorylation of sucrose phosphate synthase in vitro. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900620 ER PT J AU Plank, DW Gengenbach, BG Gronwald, JW AF Plank, DW Gengenbach, BG Gronwald, JW TI Iron activation of soybean multi-subunit acetyl-CoA carboxylase. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 667 EP 667 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900704 ER PT J AU Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC AF Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC TI Sucrose metabolism during gravity induce cell elongation. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. ARS,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 671 EP 671 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900708 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Albert, H Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Albert, H Moore, PH TI Differential expression of soluble acid invertase (SAI) genes correlates to differences in sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HAWAII AGR RES CTR,AIEA,HI. ARS,USDA,AIEA,HI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 673 EP 673 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900710 ER PT J AU HumMusser, S Springer, NM Gross, KC Starrett, DA AF HumMusser, S Springer, NM Gross, KC Starrett, DA TI Cloning and characterization of avocado beta-galactosidase. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,CAPE GIRARDEAU,MO 63701. ARS,USDA,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 680 EP 680 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900716 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Baker, RA Grohmann, K AF Cameron, RG Baker, RA Grohmann, K TI Purification and characterization of multiple forms of pectinmethylesterase from Citrus fruit peel tissue. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 715 EP 715 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900750 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW Grove, MJ AF Gardner, HW Grove, MJ TI Soybean lipoxygenase-1 oxidizes 3 Z-nonenal. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 727 EP 727 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900762 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Suttle, JC AF Anderson, JV Suttle, JC TI The role of cdks in potato tuber dormancy and sprouting. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 730 EP 730 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900765 ER PT J AU Ilic, N Ostin, A Cohen, JD AF Ilic, N Ostin, A Cohen, JD TI Tryptophan-independent indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in maize. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 755 EP 755 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900790 ER PT J AU Iyer, M Epstein, E Cohen, JD Slovin, JP AF Iyer, M Epstein, E Cohen, JD Slovin, JP TI Molecular manipulation of IAA metabolism in tomato. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARS,USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 761 EP 761 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900796 ER PT J AU Chou, JC Mulbry, WW Cohen, JD AF Chou, JC Mulbry, WW Cohen, JD TI Purification and gene cloning of an indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) hydrolase from Enterobacter agglomerans. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ARS,USDA,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ARS,USDA,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 762 EP 762 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900797 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC Banowetz, GM Huckle, LL AF Suttle, JC Banowetz, GM Huckle, LL TI Changes in cis-Zeatin cis-Zeatin riboside levels and biological activities during postharvest storage of potato tubers. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCSL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 793 EP 793 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900828 ER PT J AU Martin, MN Slovin, JP AF Martin, MN Slovin, JP TI Purification and characterization of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase/transpeptidase from tomato fruit. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 807 EP 807 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900842 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI Jasmonates modulate climacteric fruit ripening. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,USDA,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 814 EP 814 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900849 ER PT J AU Li, LG Zhang, XH Joshi, CP Chiang, VL AF Li, LG Zhang, XH Joshi, CP Chiang, VL TI Differential display mediated indentification of compression stress induced cDNA from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PLANT BIOTECHNOL RES CTR,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,AGR RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 840 EP 840 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900874 ER PT J AU Jin, W Palmer, RG Horner, HT Shoemaker, RC AF Jin, W Palmer, RG Horner, HT Shoemaker, RC TI Molecular analysis and mapping of b-1,3-glucanase genes in soybean. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,CICGR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 842 EP 842 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900876 ER PT J AU Shi, LF Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Shi, LF Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI Promoter analysis of an asparagine synthetase gene showing enhanced expression in alfalfa root nodules and dark adapted leaves. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900910 ER PT J AU Rastogi, R Muhitch, MJ AF Rastogi, R Muhitch, MJ TI Isolation and characterization of maize (Zea mays L) glutamine synthetase GS(1-2) gene promoter. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 890 EP 890 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900924 ER PT J AU Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF AF Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF TI Regulation of seed protein concentration in soybean by supra-optimal N supply. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 916 EP 916 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900949 ER PT J AU Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF AF Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF TI Regulation of seed protein concentration in soybeans by supra-optimal N supply. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 917 EP 917 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900950 ER PT J AU Tang, FQ Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Lax, AR Shepherd, HS Shih, DS Pepperman, AB AF Tang, FQ Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Lax, AR Shepherd, HS Shih, DS Pepperman, AB TI Eleostearic acid formation and characterization of a lipid transfer protein-like activity in tung seed. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 930 EP 930 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900963 ER PT J AU Itoh, A Vick, BA AF Itoh, A Vick, BA TI Fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase from sunflower hypocotyl is a cytochrome P450-type enzyme. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 942 EP 942 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900975 ER PT J AU Whitaker, BD AF Whitaker, BD TI Phenolic esters in the peel of 'Gala' apples: A role in scald resistance? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 943 EP 943 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900976 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Hicks, KB Norton, RA Hron, RJ AF Moreau, RA Powell, MJ Hicks, KB Norton, RA Hron, RJ TI Analysis of ferulate-phytosterol esters in corn and other seeds. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. ARS,SO REG RES CTR,USDA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 946 EP 946 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900979 ER PT J AU Toroser, D Huber, SC AF Toroser, D Huber, SC TI Protein phosphorylation as a mechanism for osmotic-stress activation of sucrose-phosphate synthase in spinach leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-STRESS; SUGAR-BEET; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; KINASES; CLONING; ENZYME; TUBERS AB Experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activation by osmotic stress in darkened spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. The activation was stable through immunopurification and was not the result of an increased SPS protein level. The previously described Ca2+-independent peak III kinase, obtained by ion-exchange chromatography, is confirmed to be the predominant enzyme catalyzing phosphorylation and inactivation of dephosphoserine-158-SPS. A new, Ca2+-dependent SPS-protein kinase activity (peak IV kinase) was also resolved and shown to phosphorylate and activate phosphoserine-158-SPS in vitro. The peak IV kinase also phosphorylated a synthetic peptide (SP29) based on the amino acid sequence surrounding serine-424, which also contains the motif described for the serine-158 regulatory phosphorylation site; i.e. basic residues at P-3 and P-6 and a hydrophobic residue at P-5. Peak IV kinase had a native molecular weight of approximately 150,000 as shown by gel filtration. The SP29 peptide was not phosphorylated by the inactivating peak III kinase. Osmotically stressed leaves showed increased peak IV kinase activity with the SP29 peptide as a substrate. Tryptic P-32-phosphopeptide analysis of SPS from excised spinach leaves fed [P-32]inorganic P showed increased phosphorylation of the tryptic peptide containing serine-424. Therefore, at least part of the osmotic stress activation of SPS in dark leaves results from phosphorylation of serine-424 catalyzed by a Ca2+-dependent, 150-kD protein kinase. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 37 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1104/pp.114.3.947 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XK774 UT WOS:A1997XK77400023 PM 9232876 ER PT J AU Chiou, TJ Bush, DR AF Chiou, TJ Bush, DR TI Effect of chlorsulfuron on sucrose transport in leaf discs and plasma membrane vesicles isolated from sugar beet leaves. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 956 EP 956 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900989 ER PT J AU Lu, MYJ Chen, CC Best, P Bush, DR AF Lu, MYJ Chen, CC Best, P Bush, DR TI Cloning and functional expression in oocytes of the sugar beet proton-sucrose symporter. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT INTEGRAT & MOL PHYSIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT INTEGRAT PHYSIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 957 EP 957 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900990 ER PT J AU Lu, MYJ Sauer, N Bush, DR AF Lu, MYJ Sauer, N Bush, DR TI Site-directed mutagenesis of His71 in the proton-sucrose symporter. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG,LEHRSTUHL BOT,D-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 958 EP 958 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900991 ER PT J AU Pearson, JN Grusak, MA AF Pearson, JN Grusak, MA TI Micronutrient metal influx into mesophyll cells of the argenteum mutant of Pisum sativum. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 988 EP 988 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901020 ER PT J AU Huang, JWW Shaff, JE Kochian, LV AF Huang, JWW Shaff, JE Kochian, LV TI Measurement of lead fluxes in corn roots using a lead-selective vibrating microelectrode. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PHYTOTECH INC,MONMOUTH JCT,NJ 08852. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 990 EP 990 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901022 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Norvell, WA Welch, RM Kochian, LV AF Hart, JJ Norvell, WA Welch, RM Kochian, LV TI Uptake and translocation of zinc and cadmium in durum and common wheat cultivars. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 992 EP 992 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901024 ER PT J AU Feild, TS Ort, DR AF Feild, TS Ort, DR TI Does the chloroplast coupling factor interact with relaxation kinetics for nonphotochemical quenching in darkness? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1047 EP 1047 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901079 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Ort, DR AF Ortiz, G Ort, DR TI Effect of a point mutation in the gamma-subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase on the midpoint potential of the thiol/disulfide regulatory group in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GUANAJUATO,FAC QUIM,IIBE,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1048 EP 1048 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901080 ER PT J AU CraftsBrandner, SJ vandeLoo, FJ Salvucci, ME AF CraftsBrandner, SJ vandeLoo, FJ Salvucci, ME TI The two forms of rubisco activase differ in sensitivity to elevated temperature. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1055 EP 1055 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901087 ER PT J AU Kallis, R Kelly, W Whitmarsh, J Portis, AR AF Kallis, R Kelly, W Whitmarsh, J Portis, AR TI In planta activity of recombinant rubisco activase altered at an ATP binding site as measured by rubisco activation state and infrared gas analysis. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH LIFE SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1057 EP 1057 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901089 ER PT J AU Cohen, CK Norvell, WA Kochian, LV AF Cohen, CK Norvell, WA Kochian, LV TI Induction of the root cell plasma membrane ferric reductase - An exclusive role for Fe and Cu SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON UPTAKE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOCYTIC VESICLES; COPPER; PLANTS; YEAST; GENE; MOBILIZATION; DEFICIENCY; ESCULENTUM AB Induction of ferric reductase activity in dicots and nongrass monocots is a well-recognized response to Fe deficiency. Recent evidence has shown that Cu deficiency also induces plasma membrane Fe reduction. In this study we investigated whether other nutrient deficiencies could also induce ferric reductase activity in roots of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle) seedlings. Of the nutrient deficiencies tested (K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu), only Cu and Fe deficiencies elicited a response. Cu deficiency induced an activity intermediate between Fe-deficient and control plant activities. To ascertain whether the same reductase is induced by Fe and Cu deficiency, concentration- and pH-dependent kinetics of root ferric reduction were compared in plants grown under control, -Fe, and -Cu conditions. Additionally, rhizosphere acidification, another process induced by Fe deficiency, was quantified in pea seedlings grown under the three regimes. Control, Fe-deficient, and Cu-deficient plants exhibited no major differences in pH optima or K-m for the kinetics of ferric reduction. However, the V-max for ferric reduction was dramatically influenced by plant nutrient status, increasing 16- to 38-fold under Fe deficiency and 1.5- to 4-fold under Cu deficiency, compared with that of control plants. These results are consistent with a model in which varying amounts of the same enzyme are deployed on the plasma membrane in response to plant Fe or Cu status. Rhizosphere acidification rates in the Cu-deficient plants were similarly intermediate between those of the control and Fe-deficient plants. These results suggest that Cu deficiency induces the same responses induced by Fe deficiency in peas. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 44 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1069 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XK774 UT WOS:A1997XK77400035 ER PT J AU Jones, HG Pachepsky, LB Acock, B AF Jones, HG Pachepsky, LB Acock, B TI Intercellular environment within a cotton leaf simulated with physical and mathematical models. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV DUNDEE,DUNDEE,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,RSML,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC. RI Jones, Hamlyn/F-8014-2011 OI Jones, Hamlyn/0000-0002-3049-3163 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1089 EP 1089 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901121 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Boote, KJ Vu, JCV Allen, LH Bowes, G AF Gesch, RW Boote, KJ Vu, JCV Allen, LH Bowes, G TI Photosynthetic acclimation of rice to changes in CO2 concentration. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1090 EP 1090 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901122 ER PT J AU Vu, JCV Allen, LH Bowes, G Boote, KJ AF Vu, JCV Allen, LH Bowes, G Boote, KJ TI Kinetic properties of rubisco in rice and soybean grown under elevated CO2, supraoptimal temperature, and drought. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901124 ER PT J AU Lin, L Davis, G Luthe, DS Williams, WP AF Lin, L Davis, G Luthe, DS Williams, WP TI Genetic mapping of Mir1: a gene that may contribute to insect resistance in corn. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HOST PLANT RESISTANCE LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1113 EP 1113 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901144 ER PT J AU Pechan, T Jiang, BH Steckler, D Ye, LJ Lin, L Luthe, DS Williams, WP AF Pechan, T Jiang, BH Steckler, D Ye, LJ Lin, L Luthe, DS Williams, WP TI cDNA clones encoding cysteine proteinases from corn callus. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,HOST PLANT RESISTANCE LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1116 EP 1116 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901147 ER PT J AU Mayer, RT Inbar, M Doostdar, H AF Mayer, RT Inbar, M Doostdar, H TI Are pathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant resistance to insects? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SAA,HORT RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1120 EP 1120 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901151 ER PT J AU Trepp, G Bucciarelli, B Vance, CP AF Trepp, G Bucciarelli, B Vance, CP TI Cellular and subcellular localization of the NADH-dependent glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ETH ZURICH,INST PFLANZENWISSENSCH,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1127 EP 1127 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901158 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Mithofer, A Kraus, C Ebel, J Keister, DL AF Bhagwat, AA Mithofer, A Kraus, C Ebel, J Keister, DL TI Evidence for cyclic beta-(1-3)(1-6)-glucans mediated suppression of host defense during soybean root nodule development. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MUNICH,INST BOT,D-80539 MUNICH,GERMANY. UNIV BAYREUTH,BAYREUTH,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1135 EP 1135 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901166 ER PT J AU Hays, DB Porter, DR Shufran, KA Burd, JD Zaghmont, OM Guenzi, AC AF Hays, DB Porter, DR Shufran, KA Burd, JD Zaghmont, OM Guenzi, AC TI The role of defense gene expression in resistant and susceptible isolines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L) in response to virulent and avirulent biotypes of greenbug (Schizaphis graminum). SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,USDA,STILLWATER,OK 74775. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1145 EP 1145 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901176 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, CM Rondanini, DP Cura, JA Trinchero, GD Fraschina, AA AF Ribaudo, CM Rondanini, DP Cura, JA Trinchero, GD Fraschina, AA TI The effect of the Azospirillum brasilense and A-lipoferum inoculation on the enzymes involved in ammonium metabolism in maize roots. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BUENOS AIRES,FAC AGRON,CATEDRA BIOQUIM,RA-1417 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901201 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ AF Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ TI Potential role for storage proteins and sugars in oilseed susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1171 EP 1171 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901202 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO Faibis, V Jacobs, NJ AF Dayan, FE Duke, SO Faibis, V Jacobs, NJ TI Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed formation of chlorins. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,OXFORD,MS 38677. ARS,USDA,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. DARTMOUTH COLL SCH MED,HANOVER,NH 03755. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1180 EP 1180 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901211 ER PT J AU Ketchum, REB Tandon, M Begley, TP Gibson, DM Croteau, R Shuler, ML AF Ketchum, REB Tandon, M Begley, TP Gibson, DM Croteau, R Shuler, ML TI The production of paclitaxel and other taxanes in Taxus canadensis suspension cell cultures elicited with methyl jasmonate. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ITHACA,NY 14853. ARS,USDA,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,INST BIOL CHEM,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RI Begley, Tadhg/B-5801-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1182 EP 1182 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901213 ER PT J AU Obenland, D Ledbetter, C AF Obenland, D Ledbetter, C TI Assessment of the variability in leaf phenolics among parents and F1 progeny of apricot. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,USDA,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1183 EP 1183 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901214 ER PT J AU Vivanco, JM Savary, BJ Flores, HE AF Vivanco, JM Savary, BJ Flores, HE TI Characterization of a storage root protein isolated from the Andean crop species Mirabilis expansa. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1191 EP 1191 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901222 ER PT J AU Miernyk, JA AF Miernyk, JA TI Molecular analysis of the Arabidopsis cytoplasmic Stress70 chaperone machine. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901242 ER PT J AU Eggink, LL Wolfe, RG Park, H Hoober, JK AF Eggink, LL Wolfe, RG Park, H Hoober, JK TI Characterization of a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii impaired in LHCII assembly. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,TEMPE,AZ 85287. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1223 EP 1223 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901254 ER PT J AU Sivasankar, S Rastogi, R Jackman, L Oaks, A Rothstein, SJ AF Sivasankar, S Rastogi, R Jackman, L Oaks, A Rothstein, SJ TI Analysis of the spinach nitrite reductase promoter in transgenic tobacco. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1285 EP 1285 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901314 ER PT J AU Shatters, RG Wheeler, RA AF Shatters, RG Wheeler, RA TI Diurnal regulation of RNA levels of a leaf cytosolic alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylase in relation to leaf carbon status in Pangolagrass (Digitaria erlantha Stent) a C4 species. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CGERU,GAINESVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1305 EP 1305 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901334 ER PT J AU Hong, SB Tucker, ML AF Hong, SB Tucker, ML TI Genomic organization of a subfamily of tomato polygalacturonases expressed in abscission and 5' upstream sequence identity with TAP1 and win2 genes. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1313 EP 1313 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901342 ER PT J AU Kalaitzis, P Solomos, T Tucker, ML AF Kalaitzis, P Solomos, T Tucker, ML TI Three different polygalacturonases are expressed in tomato leaf and flower abscission, each with a different temporal expression pattern. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1314 EP 1314 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901343 ER PT J AU Shepherd, HS Lax, AR Dyer, JM Tang, FQ AF Shepherd, HS Lax, AR Dyer, JM Tang, FQ TI Identification of genes involved in eleostearic acid production in tung nuts. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1322 EP 1322 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901351 ER PT J AU Gilbert, GA Johnson, JF Temple, SJ Miller, SS Allan, DL Vance, CP AF Gilbert, GA Johnson, JF Temple, SJ Miller, SS Allan, DL Vance, CP TI The characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from phosphorus-stressed white lupin roots. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1360 EP 1360 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901389 ER PT J AU Liu, H Ort, DR AF Liu, H Ort, DR TI Protein phosphorylation is induced by overnight chilling in tomato. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,PROGRAM PHYSIOL MOL PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1386 EP 1386 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901415 ER PT J AU Schoenbeck, MA Trepp, GB Gregerson, RG Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Schoenbeck, MA Trepp, GB Gregerson, RG Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI The alfalfa TDY1 gene encodes a MAP kinase homologue. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ETH ZURICH,INST PFLANZENWISSENSCH,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. LYON COLL,DIV NAT SCI,BATESVILLE,AR 72501. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1401 EP 1401 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901430 ER PT J AU Huber, JL Winter, H Huber, SC AF Huber, JL Winter, H Huber, SC TI Do Ca2+ and protein phosphorylation play a role in the gravitropic response? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1411 EP 1411 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901440 ER PT J AU Chalivendra, S Sachs, MM AF Chalivendra, S Sachs, MM TI Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a putative calcium ATPase from maize. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1436 EP 1436 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901464 ER PT J AU Jennings, JC ApelBirkhold, PC Baker, CJ Bailey, BA Anderson, JD AF Jennings, JC ApelBirkhold, PC Baker, CJ Bailey, BA Anderson, JD TI Physiological responses of tobacco to the 24 kD elicitor from Fusarium oxysporum. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1454 EP 1454 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901481 ER PT J AU Chourey, PS Taliercio, EW Ruan, YL Carlson, SJ AF Chourey, PS Taliercio, EW Ruan, YL Carlson, SJ TI A double mutant for the two sucrose synthase (SS) genes yields important clues regarding their respective functions in developing endosperm of maize. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1526 EP 1526 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901553 ER PT J AU Muhitch, MJ AF Muhitch, MJ TI Characterization of pedicel beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in developing maize (Zea mays L) kernels. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1530 EP 1530 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901557 ER PT J AU Temple, SJ Schoenbeck, MA Shi, LF Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Temple, SJ Schoenbeck, MA Shi, LF Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI Modulation of nitrogen metabolism in transgenic alfalfa. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. ARS,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1551 EP 1551 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901578 ER PT J AU Yang, B Ding, XF Gopalakrishnan, B Johnson, LB White, FF Wang, XR Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S AF Yang, B Ding, XF Gopalakrishnan, B Johnson, LB White, FF Wang, XR Kramer, KJ Muthukrishnan, S TI An insect chitinase gene in transformed tobacco: expression anomalies and effects on host plant resistance to insects. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,USDA,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1558 EP 1558 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901585 ER PT J AU Savary, BJ Hicks, KB AF Savary, BJ Hicks, KB TI Purification of hexose oxidase from Chondrus crispus and application for production of aldonic acids. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1571 EP 1571 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901598 ER PT J AU Tibbot, BK Kanikula, AM Henson, CA Skadsen, R AF Tibbot, BK Kanikula, AM Henson, CA Skadsen, R TI Expression of barley seed alpha-glucosidase in E-coli and the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. ARS,USDA,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1583 EP 1583 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901610 ER PT J AU Smigocki, AC McCanna, IK Ivic, S Snyder, GW Sicher, RC Owens, LD AF Smigocki, AC McCanna, IK Ivic, S Snyder, GW Sicher, RC Owens, LD TI Taproot-specific expression of a cytokinin biosynthesis gene (ipt) in transgenic sugarbeet. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 1585 EP 1585 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11901612 ER PT J AU MacKay, J Ralph, J Hatfield, RD OMalley, DM Whetten, RW Sederoff, RR AF MacKay, J Ralph, J Hatfield, RD OMalley, DM Whetten, RW Sederoff, RR TI Unexpected plasticity in the subunit composition of lignin in loblolly pine. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Whetten, Ross/A-9734-2013; MacKay, John/M-6978-2014 OI MacKay, John/0000-0002-4883-195X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 10002 EP 10002 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900002 ER PT J AU Vance, CP Allan, DL Johnson, JF Gilbert, GA Knight, JD AF Vance, CP Allan, DL Johnson, JF Gilbert, GA Knight, JD TI Proteoid root development: adaptation for survival in a stressful environment. SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID LUPINUS-ALBUS; PHOSPHORUS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 SU S BP 20004 EP 20004 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XL119 UT WOS:A1997XL11900008 ER PT J AU May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD AF May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD TI Water consumption by broilers in high cyclic temperatures: Bell versus nipple waterers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nipple waterers; bell waterers; temperature; water consumption ID CHICKENS; FEED AB Broilers were maintained on litter in environmental chambers to study water consumption from bell and nipple waterers. The chambers were set at high cyclic temperatures of either 24-35-24 C or 24-32-24 C daily cycles in three trials. Water consumption was recorded by computer each 30 min and calculated as a percentage of body weight. Daily water consumption from nipples was always less than from bell waterers. Water consumption by quarter-day revealed that consumption from nipples was often similar to that from bell waterers during the lowest temperatures but was less during the periods of highest temperatures. Further study revealed that water consumption from nipple waterers was related to the height of the nipples such that consumption was greater for lower nipples. The results suggest that panting broilers have difficulty drinking from high nipple waterers. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 944 EP 947 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XF899 UT WOS:A1997XF89900004 PM 9200228 ER PT J AU Fadly, AM Smith, EJ AF Fadly, AM Smith, EJ TI Role of contact and genetic transmission of endogenous virus-21 in the susceptibility of chickens to avian leukosis virus infection and tumors SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endogenous virus; transmission; avian leukosis; chicken; late-feathering ID WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LOCI EV6; EV21 AB The role of contact and genetic transmission of endogenous virus-21 (EV21) on response of chickens to avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection and tumors was studied. F-1 progeny of a cross between RPRL late-feathering (LF) line EV21+ males and RPRL early feathering (EF) line 15B(1) females harboring or lacking EV21 were used. The EF chicks lacking EV21 were inoculated with a field strain of subgroup A ALV at hatch and contact exposed to LF, EV21+ hatchmates for various time intervals. In a second experiment, EV21 contact-exposed and unexposed EF chicks as well as LF, EV21+ hatchmates were inoculated with ALV at various ages. Chickens were tested for ALV-induced viremia and antibody and were observed for tumors until 24 wk of age. Antibody to EV21 in EF chickens contact-exposed to LF, EV21+ hatchmates varied from 10 to 65%, and was detected by 10 wk of age. By 24 wk of age, ALV-induced viremia and tumors in EF chickens varied from 5 to 30%, and from 15 to 32%, respectively, regardless of exposure to EV21. The incidence of ALV-induced tumors was significantly higher in LF chickens genetically infected with EV21 than in EV21 contact-exposed or unexposed EF chickens, but only in chickens inoculated with ALV at hatch. The data suggest that contact infection with EV21 has no influence on ALV infection and tumors. The data also suggest that genetic transmission of EV21 may increase susceptibility of chickens to ALV infection and tumors following infection with ALV at hatch, but not at 4 wk of age or older. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 968 EP 973 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XF899 UT WOS:A1997XF89900008 PM 9200232 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Bailey, JS Stern, NJ Whittemore, AD Cox, NA AF Cason, JA Bailey, JS Stern, NJ Whittemore, AD Cox, NA TI Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae, and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerobic bacteria; Salmonella; Campylobacter; index organisms; broiler ID INDICATOR ORGANISMS; POULTRY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; BIOLUMINESCENCE; CONTAMINATION; FOODS AB Broiler carcasses were removed from commercial processing lines immediately after defeathering, before chilling, and after chilling to determine whether any relationship exists between aerobic bacteria and the human enteropathogens salmonellae and Campylobacter. In two experiments, a whole carcass rinse procedure was used to sample 30 carcasses after defeathering, 90 carcasses before chilling, and 90 carcasses after chilling, for a total of 210 different carcasses. Aerobic bacteria and Campylobacter spp. were enumerated and the incidence of salmonellae was determined. Salmonellae and Campylobacter incidences were 20 and 94%, respectively, for all carcasses sampled. After picking, neither salmonellae-positive nor Campylobacter-positive carcasses had mean aerobic most probable number (MPN) values that were different from carcasses negative for those organisms. Immediately before chilling, aerobic and Campylobacter counts were 7.12 and 5.33 log(10) cfu per carcass, respectively. Immersion chilling reduced aerobic counts by approximately 1.8 log and Campylobacter by 1.5 log, with no change in salmonellae-positive carcasses. There was no difference in aerobic or Campylobacter counts between carcasses that were positive or negative for salmonellae at any of the sampling locations, nor was any correlation found between levels of aerobic organisms and Campylobacter, Carcasses with aerobic counts above the mean or more than one standard deviation above the mean also failed to show any correlation. Discriminant analysis indicated error rates as high as 50% when numbers of aerobic bacteria were used to predict incidence of salmonellae or Campylobacter on individual carcasses. Aerobic bacteria are not suitable as index organisms for salmonellae or Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1041 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XF899 UT WOS:A1997XF89900017 PM 9200241 ER PT J AU Young, LL Buhr, RJ AF Young, LL Buhr, RJ TI Effects of stunning duration on quality characteristics of early deboned chicken fillets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stunning time; shear value; meat texture; muscle pH; meat color ID BROILER BREAST MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; RIGOR DEVELOPMENT; PH DECLINE; AMPERAGE AB The objective of this study was to determine effects of electrical stunning duration on quality of broiler chicken fillets. Seventy-two broiler chickens were electrically stunned for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 s, slaughtered, and chilled. After 1 h post-mortem, both pectoral muscles were excised and cooked. Cooking loss, pH, cooked color values, and shear values were measured. As stunning time increased, pH and shear values significantly increased. Except for a small but significant increase in yellowness, color values were unaffected by stunning duration. Cooking loss was unaffected by stunning duration. These data indicate that stunning duration can affect post-mortem muscle metabolism as measured by pH change. Therefore, control of the process of slaughtering broilers requires careful regulation of stunning duration. RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1052 EP 1055 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XF899 UT WOS:A1997XF89900020 PM 9200244 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Garber, LP Hill, GW Dornseif, SE Rodriguez, JM Frye, WB AF Losinger, WC Garber, LP Hill, GW Dornseif, SE Rodriguez, JM Frye, WB TI Design and implementation of the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-95 cattle on feed evaluation, and an evaluation of the impact of response biases SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE national survey; cattle-on-feed; survey design; survey implementation; nonresponse analysis; product quality AB The 1994-95 Cattle on Feed Evaluation was a cooperative project (sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture) involving Washington State University, state agricultural departments, and several agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture), The project focused on cattle-on-feed operations in 13 states that accounted for over 85% of the United Slates cattle on feed inventory, Participants were selected from National Agricultural Statistics Service list frames. Questionnaires were administered by telephone to operations with a one-time capacity of fewer than 1000 cattle; larger operations were visited twice to administer questionnaires. The participation rate for the first phase of the study was 56.7%. Ninety-one percent of eligible operations completed the second phase of the study. Data summarized from this national study can be used to profile management practices on cattle-feeding operations in the United States. Differences between participants and non-participants did not appear to be gnat. However, one does need to be mindful of the fact that a small percentage of the producers accounted for the vast majority of feedlot cattle marketed when interpreting the results. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CHRISTIAN VET MISSION,SOROTI,UGANDA. VET SERV,CTR ANIM HLTH,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), VET SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,555 S HOWES ST,SUITE 200,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01135-X PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG671 UT WOS:A1997XG67100001 PM 9234421 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC AF Losinger, WC TI Issues concerning Mexican cattle on feedlots in the United States as reported in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-1995 cattle on feed evaluation SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cattle-on-feed; Mexican cattle; trade ID RISK ASSESSMENT AB Producers participating in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1994-1995 Cattle on Feed Evaluation provided information on cattle of Mexican origin in their feedlot operations, Cattle of Mexican origin accounted for 8.1% of cattle placed on United States feedlots from 1 July 1993 through 30 June 1994. Of operations with a one-time capacity of 1000 or more cattle, 12.8% placed cattle of Mexican origin on their feedlots over this time frame. Very few operations (about 1%) reported cattle of Mexican origin at the same time as cattle to be used for breeding in the United States. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 VET SERV,CTR ANIM HLTH,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), VET SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,555 S HOWES ST,SUITE 200,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01136-1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG671 UT WOS:A1997XG67100002 PM 9234422 ER PT J AU Dewey, CE Cox, BD Straw, BE Bush, EJ Hurd, HS AF Dewey, CE Cox, BD Straw, BE Bush, EJ Hurd, HS TI Associations between off-label feed additives and farm size, veterinary consultant use, and animal age SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE swine; feed additives; antibiotics; residues ID SULFONAMIDE RESIDUES; HUMAN HEALTH; ANTIBIOTICS; DRUGS; PORK AB Data from the United States National Swine Survey collected by the National Animal Health Monitoring System were used to describe the use of feed additives in swine feeds, Data were collected from 710 farms. The concentration of feed additives expressed in grams per ton of complete feed was described by stage of production, and the use of feed additives above the labeled treatment levels (i.e. off-label) was identified, Of the 3328 feeds, about 79% contained feed additives used in the labeled manner. For all classes of pigs, the prevalence of labeled feed additive use was greater than 75%. Penicillin was used according to its label most often, followed by apramycin, bacitracin, tetracyclines, lincomycin, and tylosin. Carbadox had the highest prevalence of off-label use. Of the 699 feeds that included feed additives in an off-label manner, about 57% included additives at greater than the recommended concentrations or were fed to an incorrect class of pig. About 56% of the feeds had off-label combinations of additives. Small farms were more likely to use rations with no feed additives than intermediate or large farms (P < 0.001). Of those farms using feed additives, the odds of a small farm using all feed additives in the labeled manner was 7.7 times that of an intermediate or large farm (P < 0.0001). After controlling for herd size, producers who used a veterinary consultant were 2.1 times more likely to use feeds with feed additives (P < 0.0001). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS VS,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01077-X PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XG671 UT WOS:A1997XG67100012 PM 9234432 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Polavarapu, S AF Miller, DR Polavarapu, S TI A new species of mealybug in the genus Dysmicoccus (Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae) of importance in highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum, Ericaceae) in the Eastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE mealybugs; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae; pest; blueberry; Vaccinium; roots; ants; Acanthomyops; Lasius; mutualism AB A new species of mealybug, Dysmicoccus vaccinii Miller and Polavarapu, is described that is believed to be a pest of highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L. It has an unusual life history since most instars can be found in the field throughout the year, including January and February. The four female instars and five male instars are described and illustrated, including apterous and macropterous adult males. The blueberry mealybug is suggested as a common name. New synonymy is included as follows: Dysmicoccus bispinosus Beardsley is considered to be a junior synonym of D. texensis (Tinsley). RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BLDG 046,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 440 EP 460 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schiefer, TL AF Smith, DR Schiefer, TL TI A new genus and species of Allantinae (Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) from southeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawfly; Tenthredinidae; Allantinae; Polygonella gracilis; Polygonaceae AB Allantunicus autumnalis, a new genus and a new species of Tenthredinidae, subfamily Allantinae, is described from the sand dune area of coastal Alabama. The genus and species are diagnosed and compared to other North American Allantinae. Evidence strongly suggests that the larva feeds on inflorescences of Polygonella gracilis (Polygonaceae). RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 472 EP 476 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500006 ER PT J AU Pakaluk, J Anagnostakis, SL AF Pakaluk, J Anagnostakis, SL TI Acoptus suturalis LeConte (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Zygopinae), a potential vector of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, in the eastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article RP Pakaluk, J (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500020 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Vidal, A Troufleau, D Qi, J Clarke, TR Pinter, PJ Mitchell, TA Inoue, Y Neale, CMU AF Moran, MS Vidal, A Troufleau, D Qi, J Clarke, TR Pinter, PJ Mitchell, TA Inoue, Y Neale, CMU TI Combining multifrequency microwave and optical data for crop management SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID WAVE RADAR BACKSCATTERING; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; X-BAND; C-BAND; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; VEGETATION INDEXES; SATELLITE DATA; TEMPERATURE; CANOPIES AB The potential for he combined use of microwave and optical data for crop management is explored with the use of images acquired in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal spectrum and the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wavelengths in the Ku (14.85 GHz) and C (15.3 GHz) bands. The images were obtained during June 1994 and covered an agricultural site composed of large fields of partial-cover cotton, near-full-cover alfalfa, and bare soil fields of varying roughness. Results showed that the SAR Ku backscatter coefficient (Ku-band sigma degrees) teas sensitive to soil roughness and insensitive to soil moisture conditions when vegetation was present. When soil roughness conditions were relatively similar (e.g., for cotton fields of similar row direction and for all alfalfa fields), Ku-band sigma degrees was sensitive to the fraction of the surface covered by vegetation. Under these conditions, the Ku-band sigma degrees and the optical normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were generally correlated. The SAR C backscatter coefficient (C-band sigma degrees) was found to be sensitive to soil moistu re conditions for cotton fields with green leaf area index (GLAI) less than 1.0 and alfalfa fields with GLAI nearly 2.0. For both low-GLAI cotton and alfalfa, C-band sigma degrees was correlated with measurements of surface temperature (T-s). A theoretical basis for the relations between Ku-band sigma degrees and NDVI and between C-band sigma degrees and T-s was presented and supported with on-site measurements. On the basis of these findings, some combined optical and radar approaches are suggested for crop management applications. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. CEMAGREF,ENGREF REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. NIAES LAB AGROBIOL MEASUREMENTS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI,JAPAN. UNIV UTAH,DEPT BIOL & IRRAGAT ENGN,LOGAN,UT. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009; Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 55 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 96 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00243-X PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XC936 UT WOS:A1997XC93600009 ER PT J AU Corp, LA McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Daughtry, CST Kim, MS AF Corp, LA McMurtrey, JE Chappelle, EW Daughtry, CST Kim, MS TI UV band fluorescence (in vivo) and its implications for the remote assessment of nitrogen supply in vegetation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GREEN PLANTS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; TRYPTOPHANYL RESIDUES; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; CARBOXYLASE; PROTEIN; SPECTRA AB When excited at 280 nm, (intact vegetation produced two overlapping broadband fluorescence emissions; the first centered near 335 nm [ultraviolet (UV) band], and the second centered near 440 nm (blue band). Separation of these two fluorescence bands was achieved by an iterative nonlinear curve fit procedure utilizing the asymmetric double sigmoidal spectral function. The subsequent ratio of the deconvoluted curve intensities exhibited a significant relation between protein concentration and fluorescence. UV band fluorescence from vegetation treated with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization decreased relative to the blue fluorescence as a function of protein levels. These studies indicate that in vivo UV band fluorescence can be utilized as a nondestructive tool to remotely sense variations in protein concentration due to nitrogen supply. Strong similarities were noted in the UV band fluorescence characteristics of intact vegetation to both membrane-bound and soluble plant proteins containing aromatic amino acids. Pure ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in aqueous solution exhibited UV fluorescence characteristics with excitation and emission distributions similar to those of intact vegetation. Because of its high concentration (up to 70% of the soluble leaf proteins), roe believe this protein contributes to the UV band fluorescence emnnating from the intact leaf. In, addition, similar fluorescence characteristics were observed for two other prominent enzymatic plant proteins; namely, adenosine 5'-tri-phosphatase and carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxcylase. These results indicate that UV band fluorescence emanating from the intact leaf could originate front several plant proteins that contain aromatic amino acids. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 SCI SYST & APPL INC,LANHAM,MD. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00244-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XC936 UT WOS:A1997XC93600010 ER PT J AU Walthall, CL AF Walthall, CL TI A study of reflectance anisotropy and canopy structure using a simple empirical model SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; ALBEDO; CLASSIFICATION; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; SOILS AB The coefficients of a simple three-term model describing the bidirectional reflectance of vegetation canopies as a function of leaf area index (LAI) were examined for potential information retrievable from bidirectional reflectance measurements. Simulations of principal plane spectral reflectances (0.5-0.6 mu m, 0.06-0.7 mu, 0.7-0.8 mu m, and 0.8-1.1 mu m), for vegetated canopies with LAI values ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 under solar zenith angles of 20, 30, and 45 degrees, were generated with the use of a one-dimensional radiative transfer model. The simulated reflectances were then fit with a simple model by using a least squares procedure. Plots of the resulting coefficients with LAI showed that the degree of curvature of the simulated principal plane reflectances, as represented by one of the coefficients, and the coefficient expressing interaction of view zenith angle and view azimuth angle were both related to LAI. This relation holds in all four spectral bands, including the 0.7-0.8 mu m band, despite a lack of relation between the constant coefficient (which is closely related to the nadir value) and LAI. Examination of the coefficients relating to solar zenith angle revealed a dependence on LAI. The coefficient for view zenith angle, or a related quantity, is suggested as a candidate for a bidirectional index that may be useful within the context of satellite-based vegetation classification and characterization schemes. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,008 BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00245-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XC936 UT WOS:A1997XC93600011 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Ritchie, JC Gimenez, D AF Pachepsky, YA Ritchie, JC Gimenez, D TI Fractal modeling of airborne laser altimetry data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID DATA SETS; TOPOGRAPHY; SURFACE; DIMENSION; ROUGHNESS; TERRAIN; IMAGES AB Airborne laser altimetry is a remote sensing technique that can provide high resolution data on the roughness of the landscape both for estimating water balance components and for distinguishing between landscapes. Models of the scale-dependent roughness are needed to find scales most appropriate for these purposes. Our objectives were to apply fractal scaling to high-resolution profiling laser altimetry data and to determine fractal parameters for differentiating land cover. Data were collected at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico over grass-dominated and shrub-dominated sites along four transects at each site. Scale-dependent root-mean-square (RMS) roughness and data power spectrums were computed from 100,000 data points (similar to 2 km) from each transect. A linearity measure and piecewise linear approximation were applied to find intervals of the fractal scaling. The RMS roughness data had two intervals of self-affine fractal scaling on grass transects and four such intervals on shrub transects. Reduction in the number of data points did not lead to a decrease in roughness but caused a smoothing dependency of fractal dimension on scale. Ten- and hundred-meter scales were appropriate for distinguishing between grass and shrub transects on the basis of fractal dimensions. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. DUKE UNIV,DUKE UNIV PHYTOTRON,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 7,ROOM 8,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Gimenez, Daniel/A-6193-2013; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00249-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XC936 UT WOS:A1997XC93600014 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Steiner, JL AF Schomberg, HH Steiner, JL TI Estimating crop residue decomposition coefficients using substrate-induced respiration SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PLANT RESIDUES; FOREST SOILS; BACTERIAL; FUNGAL; NITROGEN; CARBON; QCO2 AB Modeling of crop residue decomposition for nutrient cycling and effectiveness of residues to control soil erosion requires information on crop-specific decomposition coefficients (k). Respiration of decomposing residues reflects the activity of the microbial community and should give an indication of the residue decomposition rate. A method for estimating k using substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of plant residues was evaluated. Basal respiration, total SIR, fungal SIR and bacterial SIR were measured for five crop residues monthly for 1 y. In general, total SIR and basal respiration declined for the more decomposable residues, but were somewhat constant for the more resistant residues. Mass loss was used to determine k for a single exponential decay function. Prediction of k from SIR using an equation proposed by Neely et al. (1991) (Soil Biology & Biochemistry 23, 947-954) was unsatisfactory for the five crops. A new equation (k = -6.07 x 10(-4) + 6.23 x 10(-6) x SIR) was determined using the data of Neely et al. (1991) and data from the current study. Prediction of k using the 60-day SIR measurement was significantly improved with the new equation. Predicting k from SIR could greatly reduce the labor and time involved in evaluating decomposition differences between residues and locations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00003-5 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XJ911 UT WOS:A1997XJ91100007 ER PT J AU RuttimannJohnson, C Lamar, RT AF RuttimannJohnson, C Lamar, RT TI Binding of pentachlorophenol to humic substances in soil by the action of white rot fungi SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ORGANIC-MATTER; LIGNIN DEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED SOIL; ACID; MINERALIZATION; ENZYMES; 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL; DEPLETION AB The fate of C-14-pentachlorophenol (C-14-PCP) in soil inoculated with each of four wood degrading fungi was studied. After 9 wk of incubation with the fungi, the majority of the C-14 (between 34 and 65%) was found bound to humic (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin, with lesser amounts found. in the organic-extractable fraction or mineralized. The highest amounts of PCP were bound to HA (20-36%, compared to 7.5-8.3% in the uninoculated controls). Binding to FA and to humin was lower, ranging between 8.7 and 17.5% and 4.8 and 11.1%, respectively, in the fungal cultures. In control experiments around 5% of the radioactivity was found associated to FA and between 2 and 4% to the humin. The highest binding of PCP to the humic materials was obtained with Pleurotus ostreatus, followed by Irpex lacteus, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera adusta. Mineralization of PCP from soil cultures by the fungi was low. The fungus that mineralized the most PCP was T. versicolor, converting 8.8% of C-14-PCP into (CO2)-C-14, compared to 0.6% mineralized in the uninoculated controls. Methylation of PCP to pentachloroanisole by the fungi was low, ranging between 0 and 6.8% after 9 wk. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP RuttimannJohnson, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00296-9 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XJ911 UT WOS:A1997XJ91100012 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Locke, MA Gaston, LA AF Reddy, KN Locke, MA Gaston, LA TI Tillage and cover crop effects on cyanazine adsorption and desorption kinetics SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL RECEPTION; SORPTION; ALACHLOR; RESIDUES; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; STRAW; FIELD; PERSISTENCE; METRIBUZIN AB Accumulation of partially decomposed plant residues under no-tillage (NT) and cover crop management systems can affect herbicide fate in the soil, This study evaluated adsorption and desorption of cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile) in soils and herbicide-killed Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) residues collected from a long-term conventional tillage (CT) and NT cotton field, The four cotton production systems included were CT and NT, each with and without ryegrass as a cover crop, Adsorption was determined by reacting 0.5 g of soil or ryegrass residue with 8 mL of C-14- cyanazine solution (five concentrations: 0.1.3 to 15.68 mu mol L-1) for 48 h. The Freundlich K-f values were higher in NT than in CT soils and higher in soils from ryegrass cover crop than in soils from no cover crop, The K, was higher in ryegrass residue (13.33) than in soils (1.77 to 2.94). The N values for soils (>0.90) and ryegrass residue (>0.95) indicated nearly linear adsorption, Time-course adsorption data analyzed by an equilibrium/kinetic model indicated that adsorption was rapid initially (within 1 h), followed by a slow increase in CT and NT soils from ryegrass plots, In contrast, adsorption achieved equilibrium within 48 h of reaction time in ryegrass residue, Cyanazine adsorption increased with increased decomposition of plant residues, The K-f for ryegrass residues sampled at 5 weeks after cotton planting was 17% higher than the residues sampled at 3 weeks before planting, The CaCl2-desorbable cyanazine in two consecutive 24-h cycles ranged from 77 to 88% in soils and from 46 to 47% of that adsorbed in ryegrass residues, Two additional 24-h desorptions with methanol removed most of the remaining cyanazine, Under field conditions, the plant residues on the soil surface in NT and cover crop systems can apparently intercept and temporarily retain cyanazine. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 162 IS 7 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1097/00010694-199707000-00005 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XP190 UT WOS:A1997XP19000005 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Sadeghi, AM McCarty, GW Isensee, AR AF Shelton, DR Sadeghi, AM McCarty, GW Isensee, AR TI A soil core method for estimating N-mineralization and denitrification during cover crop decomposition SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-SOURCE; GRAIN-SORGHUM; HAIRY VETCH; LEGUME; WATER AB A soil core method is described for monitoring rates and extent of N-mineralization and denitrification from intact leguminous cover crops (e.g., hairy vetch) as a function of soil water content, The method also allows for estimates of N-fixation in order to perform N-mass balances, Field conditions were simulated by growing cover crops in soil cores from seed to biomass levels comparable to the field, followed by harvest/kill. Soil cores were wetted periodically using a rain simulator, After simulated rain events, samples of leachate were obtained and soil water content adjusted by application of a vacuum (15 kPa) to the bottom of cores, The use of a PVC/silica filter (bubble point = 30 kPa) allowed for cores to be drained to field capacity without pulling ambient air through the soil, N-fixation (before harvest/kill) and N-mineralization (after harvest/kill) were determined by comparing NO3- leached from vetch with fallow cores. Denitrification was determined by periodically sealing cores, injecting and recirculating acetylene throughout cores, and quantifying N2O production after 48 h. Preliminary experiments with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) indicate that plants are reasonably efficient at taking up soil NO;, intact roots decompose fairly rapidly in soil (<6 weeks), and there is potential for substantial losses of soil NO; as a result of denitrification at soil water contents greater than or equal to 70%. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,NAT RESOURCES INST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 162 IS 7 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1097/00010694-199707000-00006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XP190 UT WOS:A1997XP19000006 ER PT J AU Casey, FXM Logsdon, SD Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Casey, FXM Logsdon, SD Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI Immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient of a field soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 2-SITE 2-REGION MODELS; SOLUTE TRANSFER; NONREACTIVE TRACERS; AGGREGATED OXISOL; UNSATURATED SAND; ION-EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; MOBILE; DEGRADATION AB Determining the preferential flow characteristics of a soil is important because agrichemicals can contaminate groundwater via preferential now pathways, A model that predicts solute transport due to preferential now is the mobile-immobile solute transport model, which partitions the total water content (theta, m(3) m(-3)) into a mobile fraction (theta(m)) and an immobile fraction (theta(im)). Recently, an in situ method was proposed for determining the mobile-immobile model parameters of theta(im) and mass exchange coefficient (alpha) bet treen the fractions by using a tension infiltrometer to apply a series of four fluorobenzoate tracers, The objective of this study was to test the in situ technique at 47 sites along a transect in a ridge-till corn (Zea mays L.) field of Nicollet soil (tine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll), The immobile fraction (theta(im)/theta) ranged from 0.394 to 0.952 with a median of 0.622., The mass exchange coefficient ranged from 0.000237 to 0.00481 min(-1) with a median of 0.00123 min(-1). These values are similar in magnitude and range to values reported by other investigators, and they Follow the same relationships. The values of theta(im)/theta and alpha along the transect indicated no obvious spatial trends or spatial correlations, Significant linear correlations did exist between oi and soil water nux, alpha and theta(im), and theta and theta(im). C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1036 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100006 ER PT J AU Paul, EA Follett, RF Leavitt, SW Halvorson, A Peterson, GA Lyon, DJ AF Paul, EA Follett, RF Leavitt, SW Halvorson, A Peterson, GA Lyon, DJ TI Radiocarbon dating for determination of soil organic matter pool sizes and dynamics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON DYNAMICS; TURNOVER; HOLOCENE AB The size and turnover rate of the resistant soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were measured by C-14 dating and C-13/C-12 measurements. This involved soils archived in 1948, and recent samples, from a series of long term sites in the North American Great Plains. A reevaluation of C dates obtained in the 1960s expanded the study scope. The C-14 ages of surface soils were modern in some native sites and near modern in the low, moist areas of the landscape. They were much older at the catena summits. The C-14 ages were not related to latitude although this strongly influenced the total SOM content. Cultivation resulted in lower C contents and increased the C-14 age by an average of 900 yr. The 10- to 20-cm depths from both cultivated and native sites were 1200 yr older than the 0- to 10-cm depth. The 90- to 120-cm depth of a cultivated site at 7015 yr before present (BP) was 6000 gr older than the surface. The nonhydrolyzable C of this depth dated 9035 yr BP. The residue of 6 M HCl hydrolysis comprised 23 to 70% of the total soil C and was, on the average, 1500 Sr older. The percentage of nonhydrolyzable C and its C-14 age analytically identify the amount and turnover rate of the old resistant soil C. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,MANDAN,ND. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV NEBRASKA,PANHANDLE RES & EXTENS CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE. RP Paul, EA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 50 TC 223 Z9 232 U1 5 U2 55 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1067 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100011 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Paul, EA Leavitt, SW Halvorson, AD Lyon, D Peterson, GA AF Follett, RF Paul, EA Leavitt, SW Halvorson, AD Lyon, D Peterson, GA TI Carbon isotope ratios of great plains soils and in wheat-fallow systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WINTER-WHEAT; DYNAMICS AB The purposes of this study were to improve knowledge of regional vegetation patterns of C-3 and C-4 plants in the North American Great Plains and to use delta(13)C methodology and long-term research sites to determine contributions of small-grain crops to total soil organic carbon (SOC) now present, Archived and recent soil samples were used, Detailed soil sampling was in 1993 at long-term sites near Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE, After soil sieving, drying, and deliming, SOC and delta(13)C were determined using an automated C/N analyzer interfaced to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer, Yield records from long-term experimental sites were used to estimate the amount of C-3 plant residue C returned to the soil, Results from delta(13)C analyses of soils from near Waldheim, Saskatchewan, to Big Springs, TX, showed a strong north to south decrease in SOC derived from C-3 plants and a corresponding increase from C-4 plants. The delta(13)C analyses gave evidence that C-3 plant residue C (possibly from shrubs) is increasing at the Big Springs, TX, and Lawton, OK, sites, Also, delta(13)C analyses of subsoil and topsoil layers shows evidence of a regional shift to more C-3 species, possibly because of a cooler climate during the past few hundreds to thousands of years, Data from long-term research sites indicate that the efficiency of incorporation of small-grain crop residue C was about 5.4% during 84 Jr at Akron, CO, and about 10.5% : during 20 yr at Sidney, NE, The C-14 age of the SOC at 0- to IO-tm depth was 193 yr and at 30 to 45 cm was 4000 yr; C-14 age of nonhydrolyzable C was 2000 and 7000 yr for these same two respective depths, Natural partitioning of the C-13 isotope by the photosynthetic pathways of C-3 and C-4 plants provides a potentially powerful tool to study SOC dynamics at both regional and local scales. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV ARIZONA,LEAVITT LAB TREE RING RES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,MANDAN,ND. UNIV NEBRASKA,PANHANDLE RES & EXTENS CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 47 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1077 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100012 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Doherty, MA AF Shelton, DR Doherty, MA TI A model describing pesticide bioavailability and biodegradation in soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; DESORPTION; METABOLISM; HERBICIDES; CARBOFURAN; DIFFUSION AB A model is proposed for describing pesticide-substrate bioavailability and rates of biodegradation in soil. The model accounts for sorption to soil surfaces, diffusion into the internal matrix of soil organic matter or aggregates, and microbial growth. Rates of sorption and diffusion are approximated by first order kinetics while microbial growth is approximated by Monod kinetics. Model verification was performed using 2,4-D (2,dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) degradation data from high and low organic matter soils inoculated with pure cultures of 2,4-D degrading bacteria. Estimates of sorption, diffusion, and Monod constants were obtained sequentially by fitting the defining differential equations to the data using nonlinear regression techniques. Independent estimates of initial biomass (X-0) and growth yield (Y) were required, although X-0 could he approximated from the number of colony-forming units assuming a bacterial weight of 0.1 pg cell(-1). The model could account for the partitioning of 2,4-D between soluble and sorbed phases and provided estimates of the Monod constants, mu(max) and K-S, which were generally consistent with values previously determined in pure culture. In conjunction with pest toxicology data, the model may be useful in predicting the time between application and loss of efficacy (i.e., window of efficacy) for biodegradable pesticides. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1084 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100013 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Doherty, MA AF Shelton, DR Doherty, MA TI Estimating losses of efficacy due to pesticide biodegradation in soil: Model simulations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBAMOTHIOATE HERBICIDES; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBOFURAN; EPTC; SORPTION; MOISTURE; KINETICS; RATES AB A model was developed for describing rates of pesticide-substrate biodegradation, accounting for bioavailability and microbial growth. The model was used to simulate losses of efficacy for soil-applied pesticides. The model requires rate constants for rapid sorption-desorption to and from soil surfaces (k(1)/k(-1) = K-d1); diffusion into and out of soil aggregates-organic matter particles (k(2)/k(-2) = K-d2); microbial growth [yield (Y), maximum growth rate (mu(max)), half-saturation growth constant (K-S), and initial biomass concentration (X-0)]; initial mass of substrate (S-0); and gravimetric water content (theta(g)). Simulations of microbial growth and substrate depletion were conducted assuming no sorption (aqueous solution), sorption to soil surfaces only, and sorption in conjunction with diffusion. The time required to achieve a soil solution concentration of 1 mu g mL(-1) was defined as a hypothetical loss of efficacy (LE1). Certain relationships were consistently observed, regardless of sorption or diffusion: LE1 was found to be related to K-S linearly, to X-0 logarithmically, to mu(max) geometrically, and to initial pesticide-substrate concentration (S-0) nonlinearly. Sorption to soil surfaces resulted in decreased equilibrium soil solution concentration (S-c), depending on the magnitude of theta(g) and K-d1. Rates of biodegradation-growth were a function of S-c, as opposed to total (soluble + sorbed) concentration. Sorption coupled with diffusion decreased both S-c and time-dependent availability, resulting in slower rates of biodegradation. In general, larger values of S-0 resulted in faster rates of biodegradation, i.e., decreased the time required for a loss of efficacy. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1090 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100014 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Arshad, MA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Arshad, MA TI Soil microbial biomass and mineralizable carbon of water-stable aggregates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; CULTIVATION; TEXTURE; PHOSPHORUS; FUMIGATION; FRACTIONS; SYSTEMS AB Biophysical alterations of agricultural soils following adoption of zero tillage (ZT) deserve investigation in order to better understand the processes of soil organic C (SOC) sequestration and turnover. We determined the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), C mineralized in 24 d under standard conditions, and basal soil respiration (BSR) in five water-stable aggregate classes, Four soils (loam, silt loam, clay loam, and clay) from the Peace River region of northern Alberta and British Columbia were sampled following 4 to 16 yr under comparison of conventional shallow tillage (CT) and ZT, Macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) had greater SMBC, more C mineralized in 24 d? and higher BSR than microaggregates at a depth of 0 to 50 mm, Differences between macro- and microaggregates in these properties decreased with soil depth, Carbon mineralized in 24 d and SMBC were 9 +/- 9% greater (mean of four soils +/- standard deviation among soils) under ZT than under CT in macroaggregates, but were 6 +/- 11% Lower in whole soil due to lower amounts in microaggregates under ZT than under CT, Macroaggregate-protected SOC to a depth of 200 mm was 6.7 +/- 1.9 g m(-2) under CT and 9.8 +/- 2.6 g m(-2) under ZT, Soil organic C in macroaggregates, which had high concentrations of active pools of SOC, appeared to have been shunted into the more stable microaggregate fraction after disturbance with CT, Unlike in temperate, humid climates, decomposition of SOC during the passage from macro- to microaggregates may have been limited by the frigid, semiarid climate. C1 AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,NO AGR RES CTR,BEAVERLODGE,AB T0H 0C0,CANADA. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. NR 30 TC 86 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1090 EP 1097 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100015 ER PT J AU Jain, TB Graham, RT Adams, DL AF Jain, TB Graham, RT Adams, DL TI Carbon to organic matter ratios for soils in Rocky Mountain coniferous forests SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; WORLD AB Vegetation type, soils, climate, and conversion ratios influence estimates of terrestrial C. Our objectives were to (i) determine carbon to organic matter (C/OM) ratios for brown cubical rotten wood, litter, surface humus, soil wood, and mineral soils; (ii) evaluate the validity of using 0.58 and 0.50 ratios for estimating C in mineral and organic soil components, respectively; and (iii) determine if C/OM relationships were applicable across broad geographic areas, The study sites were located from the southern to northern Rocky Mountains. They differed in vegetation, soil parent material, and climate, The C/OM regression slopes we developed for organic components were quite consistent and relatively constant across vegetation types ranging from 0.43 to 0.51 and were similar to the 0.50 traditional ratio, The C/OM regression slopes for mineral soils ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 depending on vegetation type. These slopes were lower than the 0.58 ratio often applied, The reliability of simple ratios when used in estimating C as a function of organic matter is often overestimated, Error and bias can be introduced into C estimates when using simple ratios. This study refined C/OM regressions for mineral soils and provided regressions for organic soil components, Information developed in this study can be applied to improve regional and global C assessments. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP Jain, TB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1190 EP 1195 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100026 ER PT J AU Ludovici, KH Morris, LA AF Ludovici, KH Morris, LA TI Competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced pine root extension rates SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB The relationship between soil water availability, root extension, and shoot growth of loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated in a rhizotron sand mixture in the absence and presence of crabgrass (Digitaria spp,) competition, Heights and diameters of seedlings grown with crabgrass were reduced 33 and 50%, respectively, compared with seedlings grown in pine monoculture. Furthermore, survival of seedlings was reduced by 16% in the mixed species treatments compared with pine monoculture cells, Soil water contents at all depths were at least 50% lower in mixed species treatments compared with pine monocultures during a dry-down cycle. Maximum loblolly pine root extension rate was 0.10 m wk(-1) in pine monoculture compared with 0.02 m wk(-1) in the presence of grass. Pine seedling root extension ceased in the presence of grass during prolonged periods of induced water stress, Crabgrass roots extended at a rate of 0.6 m wk(-1), a rate largely unaffected by watering regime or differences in water content within the rhizotron, Pine root distributions, at the end of one growing season, were different for seedlings grown with grass than for those in pine monoculture; however, when seedlings of similar size were compared, root distributions were not different, Our results indicate that competition-induced reductions in soil water availability reduced the rate of pine root extension and thus the volume of soil exploited, thereby reducing resource availability and tree growth. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Ludovici, KH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,3041 CORNWALLIS RD,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1202 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100027 ER PT J AU Robbins, CW Mackey, BE Freeborn, LL AF Robbins, CW Mackey, BE Freeborn, LL TI Improving exposed subsoils with fertilizers and crop rotations SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FURROW IRRIGATION EROSION; PRODUCTIVITY; CORN AB Irrigation-induced erosion and land leveling have decreased crop yields on approximately 800 000 ha of south-central Idaho silt loam soils. Previous attempts to increase subsoil productivity to that of the topsoil have not been successful on these soils. This study was conducted to find a method(s) for increasing the productivity of freshly exposed subsoil to that of the topsoil and to determine the factor(s) limiting subsoil production. A 4-yr study was initiated by removing the surface 0.3 m of topsoil from strips between undisturbed topsoil strips of a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Different crop rotations were established within the strips and fertility treatments were applied across the strips. The fertilizer treatments were conventional fertilizer application according to soil test, dairy manure, and two cottage cheese (acid) whey rates. During the fourth year, dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Viva) were grown on the entire plot area as a test crop. The application of 44 Mg manure ha(-1) in the spring and 93 Mg manure ha(-1) in the fall of 1991 (first year of study) was the only treatment that restored subsoil bean production to that of the topsoil plots. Plant Zn and soil organic C concentrations were the only measured factors that correlated with bean yield increases on the subsoil. C1 USDA ARS,PACIFIC W AREA DIRECTORS OFF,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP Robbins, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1225 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100030 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Schepers, JS Francis, DD AF Varvel, GE Schepers, JS Francis, DD TI Ability for in-season correction of nitrogen deficiency in corn using chlorophyll meters SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID READINGS; MAIZE AB Nitrate-nitrogen contamination of groundwater continues to be a major concern throughout the USA. These concerns are greatest in areas where groundwater is close to the soil surface and in areas that have irrigated crops with large N fertilizer requirements. Specific objectives of this work were to use the chlorophyll meter to determine in-season crop N status and to correct is-season N deficiencies in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). Chlorophyll meter readings were used to calculate a sufficiency index [(as-needed treatment/well-fertilized treatment) x 100] and in-season N fertilizer applications were made when index values were below 95%. Using this procedure, maximum yields were attained if early season N levels were adequate to maintain sufficiency indexes between 90 and 100% at the V8 growth stage. However, if the sufficiency index at V8 was below 90%, maximum yields were not achieved with in-season N fertilizer applications because early season N was below that needed for optimum growth and yield potentials had already been reduced. Even in these cases, N applications did increase yields, but not to the maximum. These results did demonstrate that early N deficiencies could be corrected using chlorophyll meters and the sufficiency index approach when they were not severe. Although the objective was not tested in this study, less N fertilizer may be required when in-season monitoring is used as the basis for N application. Use of the chlorophyll meter and sufficiency index should also result in greater N use efficiency and less N being available for leaching to the groundwater since these applications are made when N uptake by corn is greatest. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 8 TC 146 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1239 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100032 ER PT J AU Rice, MD Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Keeland, BD AF Rice, MD Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Keeland, BD TI Woody debris decomposition in the Atchafalaya River basin of Louisiana following hurricane disturbance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR LOGS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NUTRIENT CONTENT; OREGON; DYNAMICS; STREAMS; ECOSYSTEMS; USA; WASHINGTON AB The contribution of moody debris to some biogeochemical functions of forested wetlands was examined in the Atchafalaya River Basin in Louisiana following disturbance by Hurricane Andrew, Woody debris decomposition processes were characterized in terms of mass, C, N, and P dynamics. These were compared between different diameters of debris, areas recieving different intensities of disturbance, and between different positions relative to the soil, Disturbance intensity (as defined by canopy closure) had little effect on decomposition processes when compared with soil orientation (i.e., whether in contact with or suspended above the soil), Rates of mass loss varied between 0.055 and 0.068 for suspended and ground-contact coarse woody debris, respectively. Fine woody debris rate coefficients averaged 0.060 and 0.085 for the same respective orientations, In general, woody debris displayed strong source activity for P but a greater tendency toward sink behavior for N, In terms of biogeochemical transformations, these data suggest that woody debris might act as a phosphate source during sheet now events but could provide short-term retention of inorganic N associated with floodwaters. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,USDA,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1274 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XN241 UT WOS:A1997XN24100037 ER PT J AU Nitta, N Farman, ML Leong, SA AF Nitta, N Farman, ML Leong, SA TI Genome organization of Magnaporthe grisea: Integration of genetic maps, clustering of transposable elements and identification of genome duplications and rearrangements SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rice blast; linkage map; Pyricularia grisea; RFLP; MAGGY; molecular map ID RICE BLAST FUNGUS; DNA AB A high-density genetic map of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Guy11 x 2539) was constructed by adding 87 cosmid-derived RFLP markers to previously generated maps. The new map consists of 203 markers representing 132 independently segregating: loci and spans approximately 900 cM with an average resolution of 4.5 cM. Mapping of 33 cosmid probes from the genetic map generated by Sweigard et ill, has allowed the integration of two M. grisea maps. The integrated map showed that the linear order of markers along all seven chromosomes in both maps is in good agreement. Thirty of eighty seven markers were derived from cosmid clones that contained the retrotransposon MAGGY (M. grisea gypsy element). Mapping of single-copy DNA sequences associated with the MAGGY cosmids indicated that MAGGY elements are scattered throughout the fungal genome. In eight cases? the probes associated with MAGGY elements showed abnormal segregation patterns. This suggests that MAGGY may be involved in genomic rearrangements. Two RFLP probes linked to MAGGY elements, and another flanking other repetitive DNA elements, identified sequences that were duplicated in the Guy11 genome. Most of the MAGGY cosmids also contained other classes of repetitive DNA suggesting that repetitive DNA sequences tend to cluster in the M. grisea genome. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 23 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s001220050528 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100003 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Litts, JC Greene, FC AF Anderson, OD Litts, JC Greene, FC TI The alpha-gliadin gene family .1. Characterization of ten new wheat alpha-gliadin genomic clones, evidence for limited sequence conservation of flanking DNA, and Southern analysis of the gene family SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; alpha-gliadins; storage proteins; prolamines; gene family; sequence conservation; Southern analysis ID BETA-TYPE GLIADIN; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STORAGE PROTEINS; BREAD; LOCI; EVOLUTION; GLI-1; LINES; CDNA AB A detailed study of the organization of the wheat alpha-gliadin gene family is described. In the first stage of this study recombinant libraries of sufficient size and quality were constructed to allow examination of large, closely-related, gene families. A large number of alpha-gliadin clones were then isolated in a partial screen of these libraries. A set of these clones were sequenced and ten new gene sequences are now reported. Including these new sequences, 20 of the 27 known alpha-gliadin genomic and cDNA sequences are from cv Cheyenne, making this cultivar the best studied for gliadin family organization. An analysis of the DNA flanking the coding regions shows divergences which may indicate the functional ends of the alpha-gliadin genes. High-resolution Southern analyses on DNA from aneuploid and chromosome-substitution lines allow most of the 20 distinct alpha-gliadin HindIII restriction fragments in cvs Cheyenne and Chinese Spring to be assigned to specific genomes. It is estimated that as many as 150 alpha-gliadin genes occur in the cultivar Cheyenne, and the limitations of such estimates are discussed. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 25 TC 70 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s001220050531 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100006 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Greene, FC AF Anderson, OD Greene, FC TI The alpha-gliadin gene family .2. DNA and protein sequence variation, subfamily structure, and origins of pseudogenes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE alpha-gliadin; microsatellites; sequence variation; pseudogenes; polyglutamine ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WHEAT; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION; TRITICUM; PATTERNS; CLUSTER AB The derived amino-acid sequences of all reported alpha-gliadin clones are compared and analyzed, and the patterns of sequence change within the alpha-gliadin family are examined. The most variable sequences are two polyglutamine domains. These two domains are characteristic features of the alpha-gliadin storage proteins and account for most of the variation in protein size of this otherwise highly conserved protein family. In addition, their encoding DNA sequences form microsatellites. Single-base substitutions in the alpha-gliadin genes show a preponderance of transitions, including the C to T substitution which contributes to the generation of stop codons, and consequently to the observation that approximately 50% of the alpha-gliadin genes are pseudogenes. In one unusual gene, a microsatellite has expanded to 321 bp as compared to the normal 36-72 bp, and may result from similar mechanisms that produce polyglutamine-associated genetic diseases in humans. A comparison of the 27 reported sequences show several alpha-gliadin gene subfamilies, at least some of which are genome specific. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 31 TC 85 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s001220050532 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100007 ER PT J AU Smith, JSC Chin, ECL Shu, H Smith, OS Wall, SJ Senior, ML Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Ziegle, J AF Smith, JSC Chin, ECL Shu, H Smith, OS Wall, SJ Senior, ML Mitchell, SE Kresovich, S Ziegle, J TI An evaluation of the utility of SSR loci as molecular markers in maize (Zea mays L): comparisons with data from RFLPS and pedigree SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat; microsatellite; SSRs; maize; variety identification ID SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; WHEAT AB The utility of 131 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci to characterize and identify maize inbred lines, validate pedigree, and show associations among inbred lines was evaluated using a set of 58 inbred lines and four hybrids. Thirteen sets of inbred parent-progeny triplet pedigrees together with four hybrids and their parental lines were used to quantify incidences of scoring that departed from expectations based upon simple Mendelian inheritance. Results were compared to those obtained using 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes. Over all inbred triplets, 2.2% of SSRs and 3.6% of RFLP loci resulted in profiles that were scored as having segregated in a non-Mendelian fashion. Polymorphic index content (PIG, a measure of discrimination ability) values ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 for SSRs and from 0.10 to 0.84 for RFLPs. Mean values for PIC for SSRs and RFLPs were similar, approximately 0.62. However, PIC values for nine SSRs exceeded the maximum PIC for RFLPs. Di-repeats gave the highest mean PIC scores for SSRs but this class of repeats can result in ''stutter'' bands that complicate accurate genotyping. Associations among inbreds were similar for SSR and RFLP data, closely approximating expectations from known pedigrees. SSR technology presents the potential advantages of reliability, reproducibility, discrimination, standardization and cost effectiveness over RFLPs. SSR profiles can be readily interpreted in terms of alleles at mapped loci across a broad range of maize germ plasm. Consequently, SSRs represent the optimum approach for the identification and pedigree validation of maize genotypes compared to other currently available methods. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. PERKIN ELMER CORP,APPL BIOSYST DIV,FOSTER CITY,CA 94404. RP Smith, JSC (reprint author), PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,TRAIT & TECHNOL DEV,RES & PROD DEV,7300 NW 62ND AVE,POB 1004,JOHNSTON,IA 50131, USA. NR 31 TC 431 Z9 667 U1 1 U2 26 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s001220050544 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100019 ER PT J AU delRio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z AF delRio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z TI Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks .1. Effects of seed increase SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RAPD markers; genetic diversity; potato gene banks; Solanum jamesii; Solanum fendleri; APIC; seed increase ID SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; RFLP ANALYSIS; RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PRIMERS AB Effects of gene bank seed-increases on the genetic integrity of potato germ plasm is a major concern of gene bank managers. Thus the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC), a consortium of world potato gene bank leaders, initiated this joint research project using RAPD markers to determine genetic relationships between increased generations within accessions. Solanum jamesii (2n = 2x = 24) and S. fendleri (2n = 4x = 48), two wild potato species native to North America, were used as plant material. These species represented two major breeding systems found among Solanum species: outcrossing diploids and inbreeding disomic tetraploids, respectively. Comparisons were made between populations one generation apart and between sister populations generated from a common source. Fourteen such comparisons within S. jamesii accessions had an average similarity of 96.3%, and 21 such comparisons within S. fendleri accessions had an average similarity of 96.0%. No pairs of populations were significantly different, despite the fact that RAPD markers easily separated all of these very similar accessions within their respective species. Only one of six S. jamesii accessions analyzed showed a significant change in gene frequencies among generations. These findings indicate that there has been minimal loss or change of genetic diversity in ex situ germplasm using the gene bank techniques standard at NRSP-6 and other world potato gene banks. C1 ARS,USDA,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,INTERREG POTATO INTRO STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. INT POTATO CTR,LIMA 100,PERU. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s001220050547 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100022 ER PT J AU delRio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z Salas, A Vega, SE AF delRio, AH Bamberg, JB Huaman, Z Salas, A Vega, SE TI Assessing changes in the genetic diversity of potato gene banks .2. In situ vs ex situ SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RAPD markers; genetic diversity; potato gene banks; Solanum jamesii; S-fendleri; APIC; wild potato populations; ex situ conservation ID RAPD MARKERS; POPULATIONS; GERMPLASM; HAPLOIDS AB An important question in the conservation of potato germ plasm is whether germ plasm in the gene bank, although stable, still represents the in situ populations from which it was collected, sometimes many decades ago. The answer would direct objective decisions regarding the value of re-collections and in situ preservation. The present study was undertaken as a project of the Association of Potato Inter-gene-bank Collaborators (APIC). It measured genetic differentiation between potato germ plasm maintained in the US gene bank for many years and current in situ populations re-collected from the same original sites in the wild. Solanum jamesii and Solanum fendleri from the United States were used as representatives of potato germ plasm. Re-collections were carried out in 1992 at the same locations at which gene bank-conserved accessions had been collected in 1958 and 1978. RAPD markers revealed significant genetic differences between gene bank-conserved and re-collected in situ populations for all seven comparisons of S. jamesii (diploid outcrosser), and 12 of 16 comparisons within S. fendleri (tetraploid inbreeder). The average genetic similarities were 65.2% for S. jamesii and 80.4% for S. fendleri. Possible explanations and consequences of these unexpectedly large differences are discussed. C1 ARS,USDA,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,INTERREG POTATO INTRO STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. INT POTATO CTR,LIMA 100,PERU. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s001220050548 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100023 ER PT J AU Fang, DQ Roose, ML Krueger, RR Federici, CT AF Fang, DQ Roose, ML Krueger, RR Federici, CT TI Fingerprinting trifoliate orange germ plasm accessions with isozymes, RFLPs, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Poncirus trifoliata; trifoliate orange; isozymes; RFLPs; ISSR markers; fingerprinting ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RAPD MARKERS; CITRUS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; CULTIVARS; SEEDLINGS AB Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] is frequently used as a parent in citrus rootstock breeding, but the origin and amount of genetic diversity in germ plasm collections are poorly understood. Most accessions are self-compatible, but produce a mixture of sexual and apomictic seedlings. Variation among 48 vegetatively propagated trifoliate orange accessions was assessed at seven isozyme loci, together with the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by 38 probe-enzyme combinations and the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers generated by II primers. Isozymes and RFLPs detected few polymorphisms among accessions, although genetic analysis has shown that the common phenotype is heterozygous for four isozyme and at least four RFLP loci. ISSR amplification generated multiple banding profiles with an average of 58 fragments/primer/accession. These fragments were repeatable across DNA samples extracted from different trees of the same accession or extracted at different times, and across separate PCR runs. Seventeen unique marker phenotypes were identified. The 48 trifoliate orange accessions were classified into four major groups based on polymorphic ISSR markers. All large-flowered accessions are in group 4, while small-flowered accessions are in group 3. Many ISSR markers segregated in progeny derived by open-pollination (probably mostly selfing) of a common accession, indicating that these ISSR markers are also heterozygous. Accessions having identical genotypes for a large number of heterozygous markers are unlikely to have diverged by recombination. Thus the limited divergence we detected among most accessions most likely originated by mutation. 'Monoembryonic' and 'Simmons' differed from other accessions only in the loss of specific markers, indicating that they originated as zygotic seedlings of individuals similar to the common genotype. Three accessions recently introduced from China have relatively different fingerprints with 3-14 unique ISSR markers, and probably represent a much more divergent germ plasm that may be a valuable breeding resource. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. ARS,USDA,NATL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY CITRUS & DATES,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 NR 46 TC 129 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s001220050550 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100025 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT AF Schaeffer, GW Sharpe, FT TI Electrophoretic profiles and amino acid composition of rice endosperm proteins of a mutant with enhanced lysine and total protein after backcrosses for germplasm improvements SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE lysine; mutants; rice proteins; 2-D electrophoresis; globulins; allergens ID STORAGE PROTEIN; GENE; BARLEY AB Seed storage proteins from in vitro-derived rice mutants improved by several backcrosses to 'Calrose 76' and BC2 and BC3 were characterized for changes in five different solubility classes. Albumins, rsealb (water-soluble globulins), true salt-soluble globulins, prolamins and glutelins were SDS-PAGE separated in a single dimension, and some two-dimensionally, to identify protein modifications. The genetic transmission of the enhanced-lysine mutants in backcrosses and the linkage of lysine with grain chalkiness were confirmed. Advanced lines had altered globulin profiles similar to those of unimproved lines. Chalky/enhanced-lysine phenotypes had similar prolamin and glutelin profiles in the mutant and controls at the same protein level. Mutants had increased levels of globulins at 50 kDa and 33 kDa but had substantially less protein at 25 kDa than the controls. High protein in the mutant contributed to an increase in prolamins and the major storage proteins in both the globulins and glutelins. A significant decrease in low-molecular-weight, 15- to 18-kDa albumins was associated with the chalky/enhanced-lysine mutant phenotype. Two proteins in the 15- to 18-kDa group were amino acid sequenced, and database comparisons identified these proteins as allergens. Advanced lines down-regulated for allergens and with enhanced-lysine/-protein but with normal fertility and seed weight should be useful in breeding programs for nutritional quality. RP Schaeffer, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s001220050553 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100028 ER PT J AU Ming, R Brewbaker, JL Pratt, RC Musket, TA McMullen, MD AF Ming, R Brewbaker, JL Pratt, RC Musket, TA McMullen, MD TI Molecular mapping of a major gene conferring resistance to maize mosaic virus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE corn; restriction fragment length polymorphism; genetic mapping; disease resistance ID RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; MARKERS AB The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis of resistance to maize mosaic virus (MMV). Molecular markers were used to map resistance loci to MMV in a set of 91 maize (Zea mays L.) recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between Hi31 (a B68 conversion resistant to MMV) and Ki14 (a Thai inbred susceptible to MMV). The RILs were evaluated for MMV resistance in disease nurseries in Hawaii in the winter of 1993 and the summer of 1994. Twenty-eight highly susceptible RILs were chosen for gene mapping using the pooled-sampling approach. Initial evidence from the pooled DNA indicated that restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes on chromosome 3 near the centromere were biased to the susceptible parent allele. Analysis of 91 RILs at 103 RFLP loci confirmed the presence of a major MMV resistance gene on chromosome 3. The resistant allele at this locus, previously named Mv1, is present in the resistant parent Hi31 and traces back to the Argentine parent used in conferring common rust resistance to B68. We conclude that resistance to MMV in B68 and Caribbean hints involves a major gene mv1 on chromosome 3 located between RFLP markers umc102 and php20508. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT HORT & CROP SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s001220050559 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100034 ER PT J AU Bebeli, PJ Zhou, Z Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP AF Bebeli, PJ Zhou, Z Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP TI PCR primed with minisatellite core sequences yields DNA fingerprinting probes in wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PCR; minisatellite; DNA fingerprinting; wheat; triticale ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; VARIABLE NUMBER; ORYZA-SATIVA; GENE; PRODUCTS; MARKERS; BARLEY AB Four minisatellite core sequences were used as primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique: known as the directed amplification of minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD), to detect polymorphisms in three pairs of hexaploid/tetraploid wheat cultivars. In each pair, the tetraploid cultivar (genomic formula AABB) was extracted from its corresponding hexaploid (genomic formula AABBDD) parent. Reproducible profiles of the amplified products revealed characteristic bands that were present only in the hexaploid wheats but not in their extracted tetraploids. Some polymorphisms were observed among the hexaploid cultivars. Twenty-three DAMD-PCR amplified fragments were isolated and screened as molecular probes on the genomic DNA of wild wheat species, hexaploid wheat and triticale cultivars, Subsequently, 8 of the fragments were cloned and sequenced, The DAM D-PCR clones revealed various degrees of polymorphism among different wild and cultivated wheats. Two clones yielded individual-specific DNA fingerprinting patterns which could be used for species differentiation and cultivar identification. The results demonstrated the use of DAMD-PCR as a tool for the isolation of informative molecular probes for DNA fingerprinting in wheal cultivars and species. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT AGRON, PLANT GENET RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP ATHENS AGR UNIV, DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY, ATHENS 11855, GREECE. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s001220050560 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA XR131 UT WOS:A1997XR13100035 ER PT J AU Selhub, J DAngelo, A AF Selhub, J DAngelo, A TI Hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis: Acquired conditions SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR-DISEASE; METHIONINE; PREVALENCE C1 SAN RAFFAELE SCI INST,COAGULAT SERV,MILAN,ITALY. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI d'angelo, armando/0000-0002-9857-4509 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 527 EP 531 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE838 UT WOS:A1997XE83800092 PM 9198209 ER EF