FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lager, KM Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL AF Lager, KM Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL TI Homologous challenge of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus immunity in pregnant swine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; immunity ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; INFECTION; FETUSES; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; FAILURE; HERDS; SOWS; PIGS AB The clinical consequences of single or multiple exposure of pregnant gilts to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at various stages of gestation were determined. Thirty-three pregnant gilts were allotted to 6 experimental groups (5 to 7 gilts/group). Gilts of groups 1 to 5 were exposed to strain NADC-8 of PRRSV at the following times: group 1, gestation day (GD) 1; group 2, GDs 1 and 90; group 3, GD 30; group 4, GDs 30 and 90; group 5, GD 90. Virus exposure was by either intrauterine (GD I)or oronasal (GDs 30 and 90) inoculation, Gilts of group 6 were kept as nonexposed controls. Gilts were either necropsied on or about GD ill (groups 1 to 5) or were allowed to farrow (group 6). The detection of PRRSV in serum of fetuses and piglets (within 12 hof birth) was considered evidence of transplacental infection. Transplacental infection and virus-induced death were and were not confirmed for groups 3, 3, and 5 and for groups 1, 2, and 6, respectively. Collectively, the results indicated that intrauterine exposure to PRRSV at GD 1 was without clinical effect (groups1 and 2) and provided protection against subsequent exposure to the same strain of virus at GD 90 (group 2). The highest incidence of transplacental infection and fetal death followed a single exposure to PRRSV at GD 90 (group 5). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, MWA, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lager, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, MWA, Virol Swine Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 2-4 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00160-0 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN305 UT WOS:000071153600004 PM 9453123 ER PT J AU Lager, KM Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL AF Lager, KM Mengeling, WL Brockmeier, SL TI Duration of homologous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus immunity in pregnant swine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; immunity ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; LELYSTAD VIRUS; INFECTION; FAILURE; HERDS; PERSISTENCE; PIGS AB The duration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) homologous immunity was tested in this study and found to last for at least 604 days post experimental exposure to field PRRSV. Eleven gilts (group A) received a primary exposure to field PRRSV by either an oronasal (n = 6) or an intrauterine (n = 5) route, The gilts were naturally bred at selected times (143 to 514 days) after primary virus exposure. They were oronasally exposed a second time to the same strain of virus on or about gestation day 90. Ten age-matched control sows free of PRRSV-specific antibody from the same source farm (group B) were naturally bred and were oronasally exposed to aliquots of the homologous challenge virus on or about gestation day 90. Nine of the 11 gilts in group A and all animals in group B became pregnant following one breeding cycle. The two nonpregnant gilts in group A were each naturally bred during four additional estrus cycles and neither became pregnant. They were exposed to homologous challenge virus 562 and 604 days post primary exposure, respectively. All animals were necropsied 21 days post homologous challenge, Sera and alveolar macrophages from each dam, and sera from each fetus were tested for virus. Transplacental infection was detected in 0/9 and 8/10 litters in groups A and B, respectively. Virus was detected in 0/11 and 10/10 of the alveolar macrophage samples collected in groups A and B, respectively. Serum was harvested at selected times throughout the experiment and tested for PRRSV-specific antibody by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. All gilts in group A were seropositive for the duration of the experiment, and all animals in group B seroconverted following exposure to field PRRSV. This study shows that adult swine can produce a homologous protective immunity after PRRSV exposure that may persist for the production life of the animal. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, MWA, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lager, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, MWA, Virol Swine Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 2-4 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00159-4 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN305 UT WOS:000071153600005 PM 9453124 ER PT J AU Harmon, KM Wesley, IV AF Harmon, KM Wesley, IV TI Multiplex PCR for the identification of Arcobacter and differentiation of Arcobacter butzleri from other arcobacters SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter spp.; PCR; Campylobacter spp. ID CAMPYLOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS; AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; DRINKING-WATER; SP-NOV; HELICOBACTER; FETUSES; CRYAEROPHILA; DIARRHEA AB A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify Arcobacter isolates and to distinguish A. butzleri, from other arcobacters is described. The test uses two primer sets. Set I targets a section of the 16S rRNA genes of Arcobacter spp. Set II amplifies a portion of the 23S rRNA genes unique to A. butzleri. Specificity of the primer sets was evaluated using ATCC reference strains of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A, skirrowii, Bacteroides spp., Campylobacter ro spp., Helicobacter spp. and Wolinella succinogenes. Upon PCR amplification, all of the Arcobacter isolates yielded a 1233 bp product, whereas A. butzleri ATCC 49616 exhibited both a 1223 bp and a 686 bp product. No PCR product was observed for other closely related ATCC strains (n = 37). We next analyzed by multiplex PCR field strains of Arcobacter spp. (it = 108) which had been previously characterized to the species level by either DNA-DNA hybridization, dot blot hybridization, ribotyping or by serology. The 1223 bp multiplex PCR product identified all of the isolates as Arcobacter. The presence of both the 1223 and 686 bp amplicons identified 66 strains as A. butzleri. Speciation by multiplex PCR agreed with results obtained by the other methods. The multiplex PCR assay is specific, rapid and easy to interpret and, thus, will aid in elucidating the prevalence, epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Arcobacter. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 2-4 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00151-X PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN305 UT WOS:000071153600013 PM 9453132 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Hoberg, EP Zarlenga, DS AF Lichtenfels, JR Hoberg, EP Zarlenga, DS TI Systematics of gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic ruminants: advances between 1992 and 1995 and proposals for future research SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Ostertagia Workshop on Nematode Parasites of Importance to Ruminant Livestock CY MAR 05-08, 1996 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MARYLAND SP Amer Assoc Vet Parasitologists, USDA, ARS, Anim Hlth Pharm Ind HO UNIV MARYLAND DE domestic ruminants Nematoda; systematics Trichostrongylidae; Ostertagia systematics; Cooperia systematics; Haemonchus systematics; Trichostrongylus systematics; Nematodirus systematics; Mecistocirrus ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; NORTH-AMERICAN RUMINANTS; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCE; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB The systematics of trichostrongyloid nematodes of ruminants provides a foundation for diagnostics and responds to the need to identify eggs in feces, free-living larvae from pastures or fecal cultures and larval or adult nematodes collected from hosts. These needs are associated with diagnostic problems or research projects. Difficulties. in identifying all developmental stages of trichostrongyloid nematodes of domestic ruminants still severely limit the effective diagnosis and control of these parasites. Phylogenetic hypotheses as the basis for predictive classifications have been developed only for the subfamilies of the Trichostrongylidae. This report briefly describes recent progress in the development of improved tools for identification, phylogenetic analyses and predictive classifications. It also describes future research needed on the identification and classification of trichostrongyloid nematode parasites of domestic ruminants. Nematodes included are species of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea known to be important pathogens of domestic ruminants. The information summarized is presented by nematode developmental stage and by taxonomic groups. Eggs: While eggs of some trichostrongyloid nematode parasites of ruminants can be readily identified to their genus (Nematodirus), and some to species (e.g. Nematodirus battus), most of the important pathogens (including the Ostertagiinae and Haemonchinae) cannot be identified morphologically or morphometrically even to family level. However, DNA technology has been developed for determining not only the presence of specific pathogens in eggs from fecal samples, but also for estimating the percentage of the total eggs that each pathogen comprises. This new method will make possible a rapid determination of which individual animals in a herd should be treated. Larvae: The most commonly-used method for identifying infective larvae is time-consuming (several weeks), unreliable for estimating intensities of individual species as components of mixed populations and requires highly trained specialists. Available identification keys for larvae are not well illustrated and need to be augmented. Adults: Recent advances in the identification of adult trichostrongyloids and their systematics are organized by taxonomic group. Genera included are Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus. Recently, the first phylogenetic analysis of the Trichostrongylidae family established monophyly for the family. A similar analysis of the Molineidae is needed. Ostertagia: Several studies of polymorphism summarized the phenomenon and listed 19 polymorphic species in five genera. Two studies of DNA differences within and among polymorphic species of Ostertagiinae supported earlier hypotheses that the species pairs represent polymorphic species. A phylogenetic analysis of the Ostertagiinae and generic concepts are needed, Haemonochus: A key to three species of Haemonchus provides, for the first time, morphological characteristics for the microscopical identification to species of individual adult nematodes of either sex. The Food and Drug Administration is now requiring that results of drug trials include identification of Haemonchus to species. Cooperia: Studies using random amplified polymorphic DNA methods showed a high degree of variation within and among C. oncophora/C. surnabada, but supported a polymorphic relationship for the species pair. A phylogenetic analysis of the Cooperiinae is needed. Trichostrongylus: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) of genomic DNA of two strains of T. colubriformis indicated a high degree of intra- and inter-strain DNA polymorphism, However, other studies demonstrated expected species level differences between T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methods. Sequences of the second Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS-2) ribosomal repeat showed sequence differences of 1.3-7.6% among five well-defined species of Trichostrongylus. This provides a standard for species level differences within the Trichostrongylidae. Nematodirus: The origin of iii. battus in the British isles is still a mystery. Recently, DNA studies have provided evidence that populations on both coasts of the United States originated from Canada. A phylogenetic study of Nematodirus is in progress. Modern systematic methods have not yet been applied to the development of classifications for all subfamilies and most genera of the Trichostrongyloidea. Additional factors complicating these problems are a lack of knowledge of the parasites of wild bovids and cervids, the international transport of wild and domestic hosts and environmental changes that may alter the parasite fauna in a modern farm setting. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00099-X PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YP670 UT WOS:000071302200002 PM 9460200 ER PT J AU Gasbarre, LC AF Gasbarre, LC TI Effects of gastrointestinal nematode infection on the ruminant immune system SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Ostertagia Workshop on Nematode Parasites of Importance to Ruminant Livestock CY MAR 05-08, 1996 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MARYLAND SP Amer Assoc Vet Parasitologists, USDA, ARS, Anim Hlth Pharm Ind HO UNIV MARYLAND DE Ostertagia ostertagi; immunity immunosuppression; interleukin; cytokine; T-cell; abomasum; mucosal immunity; cattle; nematoda ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; TRICHOSTRONGYLE INFECTIONS; TYPE-1 HYPERSENSITIVITY; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CHEMICAL MEDIATORS; CALVES; RESPONSES AB Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of ruminants evoke a wide variety of immune responses in their hosts. In terms of specific immune responses directed against parasite antigens, the resulting immune responses may vary from those that give strong protection from reinfection after a relatively light exposure (e.g. Oesophagostomum radiatum) to responses that are very weak and delayed in their onset (e.g. Ostertagia ostertagi). The nature of these protective immune responses has been covered in another section of the workshop and the purpose of this section will be to explore the nature of changes that occur in the immune system of infected animals and to discuss the effect of GI nematode infections upon the overall immunoresponsiveness of the host. The discussion will focus primarily on Ostertagia ostertagi because this parasite has received the most attention in published studies. The interaction of Ostertagia and the host immune system presents what appears to be an interesting contradiction. Protective immunity directed against the parasite is slow to arise and when compared to some of the other GI nematodes, is relatively weak. Although responses that reduce egg output in the feces or increase the number of larvae undergoing inhibition may occur after a relatively brief exposure (3-4 months), immune responses which reduce the number of parasites that can establish in the host are not evident until the animal's second year. Additionally, even older animals that have spent several seasons on infected pastures will have low numbers of Ostertagia in their abomasa, indicating that sterilizing immune responses against the parasite are uncommon. In spite of this apparent lack of specific protective immune responses, infections with Ostertagia induce profound changes in the host immune system. These changes include a tremendous expansion of both the number of lymphocytes in the local lymph nodes and the number of lymphoid cells in the mucosa of the abomasum. This expansion in cell numbers involves a shift away from a predominant classic T cell population (CD2 and CD3 positive), to a population where T cell percentages are decreased and B cells (immunoglobulin-bearing) and gamma-delta cells are increased. At the same time the expression of messenger RNAs for T cell cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL10 and gamma-interferon) is changed to that of increased expression of IL4 and IL10 and decreased expression of IL2 and perhaps of gamma-interferon. The reasons for these changes remain to be elucidated, but it is evident that the lack of protective immune responses is not the result of a poor exposure of the host to parasite products, or to the stomach being an immunoprivileged site. In fact, a superficial look at the responses elicited indicates that Ostertagia induces responses (the so-called TH2 mediated responses) that are widely considered to be the type of responses necessary for protection against GI nematodes. There are many factors that could lead to this apparent lack of immunity in the face of a strong stimulation of immune responses including: (1) the elicitation of suboptimal responses; (2) the failure of the abomasum to function as an efficient effector organ; (3) active evasion of the functional immune response by the parasite; and (4) that these classic responses are not protective in this particular ruminant-parasite system and that novel protective mechanisms may be required. The strong stimulation of the host gut immune system by Ostertagia and perhaps by other GI nematode infections, raises questions about the potential effects of such infections on the overall well-being of the host. A number of authors have indicated that Ostertagia infections may diminish the host's ability to mount subsequent immune responses to antigenic challenges such as vaccination against other infectious organisms. In addition, recent studies have indicated that infections with GI nematodes may result in increased circulatory levels of stress-related hormones. The ability of these parasites to inhibit the host immune system through either specific immune mechanisms or by more general means such as the stimulation of increased levels of known immunosuppressives, such as cortico-steroids, could significantly impair host health and productivity especially in times of marginal nutritional status. To date, much of the data attesting to such parasite-mediated effects are largely anecdotal or, are restricted to carefully controlled experimental studies and as such, much remains to be defined in this area of study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasbarre, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00104-0 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YP670 UT WOS:000071302200012 PM 9460205 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE TI Pathobiology of H5N2 Mexican avian influenza virus infections of chickens SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Pathologists CY NOV 12-17, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Coll Vet Pathologists DE avian species; chicken; encephalitis; immunohistochemistry; influenza virus; myocarditis; pathogenesis; viral diseases ID HIGHLY PATHOGENIC VIRUS; ALABAMA 7395/75 H4N8; LAYING CHICKENS; CLEAVAGE SITE; A VIRUSES; COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; MOLECULAR-CHANGES; GREAT-BRITAIN; DUCK-ORIGIN; 83 H5N2 AB To determine the association between specific structural changes in the hemagglutinin gene and pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), groups of 4-week-old White Plymouth Rock chickens were inoculated intravenously or intranasally with AIVs of varying pathogenicities isolated from chickens in central Mexico during 1994-1995. Mildly pathogenic (MP) viruses had a common hemagglutinin-connecting peptide sequence of Pro-Gln-Arg-Glu-Thr-Arg down arrow Gly and had restricted capability for replication and production of lesions in tissues. The principle targets for virus replication or lesion production were the lungs, lymphoid organs, and visceral organs containing epithelial cells, such as kidney and pancreas. Death was associated with respiratory and/or renal failure. By contrast, highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs had one substitution and the addition of two basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin connecting peptide, for a sequence of Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg down arrow Gly. The HP AIVs were pantropic in virus replication and lesion production ability. However, the most severe histologic lesions were produced in the brain, heart, adrenal glands, and pancreas, and failure of multiple critical organs was responsible for disease pathogenesis and death. No differences in lesion distribution patterns or in sites of AIV replication were evident to explain the variation in mortality rates for different HP AIVs, but HP AIVs that produced the highest mortality rates had more severe necrosis in heart and pancreas. The ability of individual KP AIVs to produce low or high mortality rates could not be explained by changes in sequence of the hemagglutinin-connecting peptide alone, but probably required the addition of other undetermined genomic changes. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 49 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 557 EP 567 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA YG726 UT WOS:A1997YG72600003 PM 9396136 ER PT J AU Sauve, S McBride, MB Norvell, WA Hendershot, WH AF Sauve, S McBride, MB Norvell, WA Hendershot, WH TI Copper solubility and speciation of in situ contaminated soils: Effects of copper level, pH and organic matter SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE contaminated soils; copper; ion-selective electrode; pH; solubility; speciation ID ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; AMENDED SOILS; TRACE-METALS; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXATION; TOXICITY; ZINC AB This study attempts to identify the soil properties controlling the fractionation of copper into various soil pools and determine the influence of pH and metal loading on soil-solution free copper activity (pCu(2+)). The pCu(2+) was determined in 0.01 M CaCl2 soil extracts using a copper ion selective electrode. We analyzed a wide variety of soils: urban, agricultural and forest soils from the Province of Quebec, New York State and Denmark. The pCu(2+) ranged from 12.21 to 6.18. The relationships among pCu(2+), total soil copper, total dissolved copper and soil pH are studied for their variability within and between sites as well as for the whole data set. Regression equations are presented for predicting soluble copper as a function of total soil copper and also for predicting pCu(2+) as a function of total soil copper and soil pH. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,ENVIRONM CHEM RES LAB,ST ANNE BELLEVUE,PQ H9X 3V9,CANADA. RP Sauve, S (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,BRADFIELD HALL 908,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Sauve, Sebastien/K-5671-2012 NR 37 TC 180 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1023/A:1018312109677 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA YH318 UT WOS:A1997YH31800016 ER PT J AU Palmquist, D AF Palmquist, D TI My view SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Palmquist, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 745 EP 745 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YM574 UT WOS:000071078400001 ER PT J AU Lydon, J Teasdale, JR Chen, PK AF Lydon, J Teasdale, JR Chen, PK TI Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua) and the role of artemisinin SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE annual wormwood, Artemisia annua L.; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.; corn, Zea mays L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; allelopathy; natural phytotoxin; cover crop; ARTAN; AMARE; CHEAL ID WEED; RESIDUES; GROWTH; CORN; ACID AB Leaf tissue and leaf-tissue extracts from annual wormwood and pure artemisinin were evaluated for their effects on plant growth when incorporated into sandy loam soil. Dried leaf tissue was successively extracted with methylene chloride (MeCl2), ethanol (EtOH), and water, and the extracts and residue were reduced to dryness and stored at -20 C. Leaf tissue was incorporated in soil at rates equivalent to 0, 0.37, 0.73, or 1.1% (w/w) based on soil dry weight. Feat moss treated with extracts or artemisinin was incorporated into soil at a rate equivalent to the 0.73% (wiw) treatment. Inhibition of growth was species-specific; estimated reduction of dry weight by 0.73% (w/w) leaf tissue was 82, 49, 25, and 9% for redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, soybean, and corn, respectively. The effects of the MeCl2 extract, which contained all of the extractable artemisinin, on germination and growth of redroot pigweed were similar to that of leaf tissue. Annual wormwood leaf tissue and MeCl2-extract treatments were the only treatments that resulted in a reduction in seedling survival. Artemisinin at levels equivalent to that contained in the MeCl2 extract and leaf-tissue treatments had significantly less effect on seedling survival, germination, and growth of redroot pigweed than the MeCl2 extract. Furthermore, the aqueous extract, which did not contain artemisinin, and the extract residue had activities similar to that of the artemisinin treatment. Thus, the allelopathic effects of annual wormwood can not be attributed to artemisinin alone. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Lydon, J (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YM574 UT WOS:000071078400011 ER PT J AU Vail, GD Hickman, MV Schreiber, MM AF Vail, GD Hickman, MV Schreiber, MM TI Atrazine dissipation and carryover from commercial and starch-encapsulated atrazine formulations SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; oat, Avena sativa L. 'Ogle'; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Resnik'; crop rotation; granular herbicide; particle size; percent encapsulation; rainfall; starch encapsulation ID EFFICACY AB Field experiments were conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 to evaluate the dissipation and carryover potential of atrazine from starch-encapsulated (SE) and commercial formulations (CF). Formulation was not a significant factor in atrazine dissipation at any application rate. The dissipation time required to reach one-half of the original concentration (DT50) was measured for each formulation. The atrazine DT50 combined over all years (1991 to 1993) and rates (1.1 to 3.4 kg ai ha(-1)) was 7 wk for the CF, 10.3 wk for the SE large particles (0.85 to 1.4 mm), and 8.2 wk for the SE small (0.425 to 0.85 mm). Oat injury in the spring of 1992 fr all rates of both SE formulations applied in 1991 was greater than that from the CF formulation. Increased oat injury from SE formulations was attributed to more atrazine present in the top 0 to 8 cm of soil compared to that for the CE Despite significant oat injury from the 1991 application, no injury was observed on soybeans planted in 1992. Soybeans planted in 1993 and 1994 also showed no injury from the respective applications. These findings suggest that the potential for atrazine carryover from starch-encapsulated formulations was not greater than that from the commercial formulation. C1 Zeneca Ag Prod, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47970 USA. RP Vail, GD (reprint author), Zeneca Ag Prod, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 842 EP 847 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YM574 UT WOS:000071078400016 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Hespell, RB Ingram, LO Bothast, RJ AF Dien, BS Hespell, RB Ingram, LO Bothast, RJ TI Conversion of corn milling fibrous co-products into ethanol by recombinant Escherichia coli strains K011 and SL40 SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol; biofuel; corn fibre; corn germ; Escherichia coli; fermentation ID FERMENTATION; XYLOSE; SUGARS; GENES AB Corn hulls and corn germ meal were both evaluated as feedstocks for production of ethanol for biofuel. Currently, these fibrous co-products are combined with corn steep liquor and the fermentation bottoms (if available) and marketed as cattle feed. Samples were obtained from wet and dry corn mills. The corn hulls and germ meal were evaluated for starch and hemicellulose compositions. Starch contents were 12 to 32% w/w and hemicellulose (arabinoxylans) contents were 23 to 64% w/w. Corn fibrous samples were hydrolysed, using dilute sulphuric acid, into mixed sugar streams containing arabinose, glucose and xylose. Total sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate varied from 8.4 to 10.8% w/v. The hydrolysates were fermented to ethanol using recombinant E. coli strains K011 and SL40. Ethanol yields were 0.38 to 0.41 g ethanol produced/g total sugars consumed and fermentations were completed in 60 h or less. However, residual xylose was detected for each hydrolysate fermentation and was especially significant for fermentations using strain SL40. Strain K011 was a superior ethanologenic strain compared with strain SL40 in terms of both ethanol yield and maximum productivity. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 30 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1023/A:1018554417934 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YU285 UT WOS:000071701200004 ER PT J AU Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Boyette, CD Lovisa, MP Williams, KS Watson, M AF Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Boyette, CD Lovisa, MP Williams, KS Watson, M TI Twin-screw extrusion of 'Pesta'-encapsulated biocontrol agents SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Alternaria conjuncta/infectoria; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; biocompetition; Colletotrichum truncatum; encapsulation; extrusion; formulation; hemp sesbania; Pesta; twin-screw extrusion; weed control; wheat flour ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; TECHNOLOGY; AFLATOXIN AB `Pesta' granules in which fungal propagules are encapsulated in a wheat gluten matrix were prepared in multi-pound quantities by twin-screw extrusion and fluid bed drying. Dough formulations for extrusion contained wheat flour and kaolin, or wheat flour, kaolin and rice flour, plus water and fungal inoculum. Conidial inoculum of truncatum, a pathogen of the weed hemp sesbania (Sesbania survived laboratory scale Colletotrichum exaltata), dough preparation [100% retention of colony-forming units (c.f.u.)] better than dough preparation for twin-screw extrusion (8-10% c.f.u. retention). The loss in viability was linked to the lower water content of dough used in the twin-screw extruder. Fluid bed drying reduced viability further to 1%. Retention of viability after twin-screw extrusion and fluid bed drying at 35-50 degrees C was 35% with conjuncta/infectoria, a pathogen of swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii). Retention was 86-100% with atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus used as biocompetitors to reduce aflatoxin levels in peanuts. In the greenhouse, twin-screw-extruded granules containing C. (at about 5 x 10(4) c.f.u. g(-1)) caused high levels of infection and mortality in hemp sesbania seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Daigle, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 EI 1573-0972 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1023/A:1018523005638 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YU285 UT WOS:000071701200013 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Nachman, RJ AF Teal, PEA Nachman, RJ TI Prolonged pheromonotropic activity of pseudopeptide mimics of insect pyrokinin neuropeptides after topical application or injection into a moth SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE insect cuticle; neuropeptides; sex pheromone biosynthesis ID MANDUCA-SEXTA L; GLAND; BIOSYNTHESIS; INDUCTION; FAMILY AB Amphiphilic pseudopeptide analogs of Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2, representing the active C-terminal core pentapeptide of the pyrokinin class of insect neuropeptides, were synthesized by replacement of phenylalanine with hydrocinnamic acid (Hca-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2), or addition of 1-pyrenebutyric acid (Pba-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2) or 9-fluoreneacetic acid (Fla-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2). The pseudopeptides were found to stimulate sex pheromone biosynthesis when injected into females of the moth Heliothis virescens. Optimal pheromonotropic responses were obtained by injection of 0.25 pmol of Hca-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2, 2.5 pmol of Pba-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 and 0.5 pmol of Fla-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2. Topical application of each of the pseudopeptides in water to the cuticle of moths stimulated significant production of pheromone at a dose of 50 pmol with optimal stimulation occurring when 500 pmol were applied. The parent peptide, Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2, failed to stimulate significant production of pheromone when applied topically at a dose as high as 2000 pmol. Temporal studies indicated that Hca-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 stimulated significant production of pheromone for only 4 h after application where as continuous pheromone production fur 18 h was observed when either Pba-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 or Fla-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 were applied to the abdomen. The results show that modification of the C-terminal active core of the insect pyrokinins, by addition of hydrophobic moieties, can result in production of pseudopeptides which effectively penetrate the insect cuticle and have prolonged physiological effects making them favorable candidates for use in development of alternative strategies for pest insect control. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23 Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0167-0115(97)01053-7 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA YR830 UT WOS:000071534500012 PM 9652976 ER PT J AU Oyarzabal, OA Wesley, IV Harmon, KM SchroederTucker, L Barbaree, JM Lauerman, LH Backert, S Conner, DE AF Oyarzabal, OA Wesley, IV Harmon, KM SchroederTucker, L Barbaree, JM Lauerman, LH Backert, S Conner, DE TI Specific identification of Campylobacter fetus by PCR targeting variable regions of the 16S rDNA SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter fetus; PCR; 16S rRNA; diagnosis, bacteria ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SUBSP FETUS; DNA; HYOINTESTINALIS; JEJUNI; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; CATTLE AB Campylobacter fetus is recognized as a human and animal pathogen. The isolation and differentiation of C. fetus in diagnostic laboratories is hindered by its relatively slow growth and lack of distinguishing biochemical characteristics. We developed a fast, reliable PCR assay that specifically amplifies a 554-bp segment of the 16S rDNA from C. fetus. Fifty-two ATCC reference strains and 255 bacterial field isolates comprising the genera Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter, Escherichia, Listeria, Salmonella, and Wolinella were evaluated using this PCR protocol. Only C. fetus strains were amplified. Sequence analysis of amplicons from ATCC and field strains of C. fetus confirmed the presence of the target DNA fragment. The detection Limit of the technique was 5.9 x 10(3) CFU/ml. This PCR assay can yield reliable detection; of C. fetus within 3 h after isolation of presumptive colonies on agar plates. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50011. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. CS ROBERT VET DIAGNOST LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. OI Oyarzabal, Omar/0000-0002-7863-2767 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00148-X PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YL408 UT WOS:A1997YL40800007 PM 9451462 ER PT J AU Kim, J Harter, K Theologis, A AF Kim, J Harter, K Theologis, A TI Protein-protein interactions among the Aux/IAA proteins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE auxin signaling; yeast two-hybrid system; protein cross-linking; beta-sheet DNA binding motif; combinatorial interactions ID DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; LOOP-HELIX PROTEINS; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; AUXIN; YEAST; FAMILY; DROSOPHILA AB The plant hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) transcriptionally activates early genes in plants, The Aux/IAA family of early genes encodes proteins that are short-lived and nuclear-localized. They also contain a putative prokaryotic beta alpha alpha DNA binding motif whose formation requires protein dimerization, Here, we show that the pea PS-LAM and Arabidopsis IAA1 and IAA2 proteins perform homo- and heterotypic interactions in yeast using the two-hybrid system, Gel-filtration chromatography and chemical cross-linking experiments demonstrate that the PS-IAA4 and IAA1 proteins interact to form homodimers in vitro. Deletion analysis of PS-IAA4 indicates that the beta alpha alpha containing acidic C terminus of the protein is necessary for homotypic interactions in the yeast two-hybrid system, Screening an Arabidopsis lambda-ACT cDNA library using IAA1 as a bait reveals heterotypic interactions of IAA1 with known and newly discovered members of the Arabidopsis Aux/IAA gene family, The new member IAA24 has similarity to ARF1, a transcription factor that binds to an auxin response element, Combinatorial interactions among the various members of the Aux/IAA gene family may regulate a variety of late genes as well as serve as autoregulators of early auxin-regulated gene expression. These interactions provide a molecular basis fur the developmental and tissue-specific manner of auxin action. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35447, R01 GM035447] NR 39 TC 309 Z9 344 U1 6 U2 35 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 22 BP 11786 EP 11791 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.22.11786 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD506 UT WOS:A1997YD50600010 PM 9342315 ER PT J AU Siev, D AF Siev, D TI Interpretation and estimation of relative potency in vaccines SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE relative potency; statistical analysis; immunoassay; bioassay ID RESPONSE CURVES; MODELS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BIOASSAY AB The implication of relative potency varies between categories of assays. This review clarifies the meaning of the relative potency concept in each of several classes of assays commonly used to evaluate vaccines, so that an appropriate analytical procedure may be selected. Methods of estimating relative potency are reviewed and illustrated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Siev, D (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, 510 S 17th St, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 208 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00134-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA YM096 UT WOS:000071028000002 PM 9433468 ER PT J AU Li, Y Lu, ZQ Sun, LW Ropp, S Kutish, GF Rock, DL VanEtten, JL AF Li, Y Lu, ZQ Sun, LW Ropp, S Kutish, GF Rock, DL VanEtten, JL TI Analysis of 74 kb of DNA located at the right end of the 330-kb chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ELONGATION FACTOR-III; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; SWINE FEVER VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MAJOR CAPSID PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; VACCINIA VIRUS AB This report completes a preliminary analysis of the sequence of the 330,740-bp chlorella virus PBCV-1 genome, the largest virus genome to be sequenced to date. The PBCV-1 genome is 57% the size of the genome from the smallest self-replicating organism, Mycoplasma genitalium. Analysis of 74 kb of newly sequenced DNA, from the right terminus of the PBCV-1 genome, revealed 153 open reading frames (ORFs) of 65 codons or longer. Eighty-five of these ORFs, which are evenly distributed on both strands of the DNA, were considered major ORFs. Fifty-nine of the major ORFs were separated by less than 100 bp. The largest intergenic distance was 729 bp, which occurred between two ORFs located in the 2.2-kb inverted terminal repeal region of the PBCV-1 genome. Twenty-seven of the 85 major ORFs resemble proteins in databases, including the large subunit of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase, ATP-dependent DNA ligase, type II DNA topoisomerase, a helicase, histidine decarboxylase, dCMP deaminase, dUTP pyrophosphatase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a transposase, fungal translation elongation factor 3 (EF-3), UDP glucose dehydrogenase, a protein kinase, and an adenine DNA methyltransferase and its corresponding DNA site-specific endonuclease. Seventeen of the 153 ORFs resembled other PBCV-1 ORFs, suggesting that they represent either gene duplications or gene families. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, NAA, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-32441] NR 141 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 237 IS 2 BP 360 EP 377 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8805 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA YF073 UT WOS:A1997YF07300017 PM 9356347 ER PT J AU Ramaiah, SM Skinner, DZ AF Ramaiah, SM Skinner, DZ TI Particle bombardment: A simple and efficient method of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pollen transformation SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; EXPRESSION; GENE; AGROBACTERIUM; RELEASE; MAIZE AB Effect delivery of DNA into pollen was used to obtain transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Plasmid pBI121 hearing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was introduced into the pollen by microprojectile bombardment, The bombarded pollen expressed GUS activity. Pollinating flowers of male-sterile plants with the bombarded pollen produced fertile seeds. Thirty per cent of plants derived from the fertile seeds showed integration of GUS plasmid, which was confirmed by PCR and Southern analysis. However, after ten vegetative generations, some transgenic plants (T-0) apparently lost the integrated GUS plasmid, while in few others, GUS gene copy number decreased. Presently, we are not able to establish the possible causes for the loss of integrated DNA after several vegetative generations, However, it would the a worthwhile avenue for future work to establish the reasons for the loss of integrated DNA since this method of transformation employs simple techniques to transform pollen and produce transgenic plants through the natural plant reproductive process. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. RP Ramaiah, SM (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, THROCKMORTON HALL, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD OCT 25 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 8 BP 674 EP 682 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YE474 UT WOS:A1997YE47400015 ER PT J AU Knowe, SA Ahrens, GR DeBell, DS AF Knowe, SA Ahrens, GR DeBell, DS TI Comparison of diameter-distribution-prediction, stand-table-projection, and individual-tree-growth modeling approaches for young red alder plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alnus rubra; Weibull function; relative size; distance independent; simultaneous regression; compatible equations ID DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; INCREMENT; DENSITY AB A red alder planting spacing study was used to compare three modeling approaches that have been successfully used for other tree species. These three approaches predict stand structure and dynamics in plantations that are 7 to 16 years old, with planting densities of 976 to 13 899 trees/ha. The diameter-distribution-prediction approach tended to over-predict the diameter at breast height (dbh) for larger trees in stands planted at low density and to under-predict dbh for smaller trees in stands planted at high density. This approach may be useful for comparing planting densities when a tree list is not available. The stand-table-projection approach tended to under-predict dbh for smaller trees in young stands planted at low density and to over-predict dbh for smaller trees in young stands planted at high density. This approach, however, provided consistency between stand-and tree-level growth projections, and should be useful for comparing planting densities when a tree list is available. The individual-tree-growth approach provided the best representations of observed diameter distributions at all planting densities, stand ages, and growth intervals. This approach may be best suited for stands that have been thinned, stands with mixtures of species, and stands with heterogeneous size classes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP Knowe, SA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 98 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00075-3 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YE094 UT WOS:A1997YE09400004 ER PT J AU Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG AF Gerson, EA Kelsey, RG TI Attraction and direct mortality of pandora moths, Coloradia pandora (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), by nocturnal fire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire-insect interactions; phototaxis; ponderosa pine AB The attraction of nocturnal moths to candles and other sources of light has long been observed, but fire as a potential source of mortality to moths in ecosystems with frequent fire regimes has been overlooked. A prescribed burn was conducted shortly after dark in a central Oregon ponderosa pine forest during the flight period of the endemic defoliator Coloradia pandora (Blake). Attraction to the fire and partial consumption by flames caused direct mortality estimated at 2.2% to 17.1% of the local pandora moth population. In field tests with projected light, pandora moths did not discriminate among colors in the visible spectrum. Moths did not respond to projected light for at least 1 h after dusk, indicating that timing and duration of the prescribed fire may have limited the mortality. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Gerson, EA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,PNW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 98 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00088-1 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YE094 UT WOS:A1997YE09400006 ER PT J AU Pan, C Tajchman, SJ Kochenderfer, JN AF Pan, C Tajchman, SJ Kochenderfer, JN TI Dendroclimatological analysis of major forest species of the central Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A dendroclimatological study was carried out in the 80-year-old Fernow Experimental Forest of the U.S. Forest Service near Parsons, West Virginia (39 degrees 20'N, 79 degrees 40'W). The relationship between radial and basal area increments and corresponding monthly, seasonal, and yearly mean air temperature and precipitation were obtained over 53 years for four species: black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.). These species show positive growth responses to rainfall of previous summer, autumn, and current summer. They show significantly inverse correlation to air temperature of the current growing season. The indices of radial increment show a close correlation to those of basal area increment. However, in our analyses, basal area increment indices are more sensitive to climatic variations than radial growth indices. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NE FOREST EXPT STN,PARSONS,WV. RP Pan, C (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 98 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00087-X PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YE094 UT WOS:A1997YE09400007 ER PT J AU Li, ZL Otvos, JD Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH McNamara, JR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Li, ZL Otvos, JD Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH McNamara, JR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Effects of gender lipoprotein subspecies response to a National Cholesterol Education Program step 2 diet SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88000182 ER PT J AU Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK LamonFava, S Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ AF Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK LamonFava, S Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ TI Effects of a step 2 diet on HDL apolipoprotein (apo) AI catabolism and secretion in postmenopausal females and older males SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88000184 ER PT J AU Forman, DE Pu, CT Sadaniantz, AT Johnson, MT Fiatarone, MA AF Forman, DE Pu, CT Sadaniantz, AT Johnson, MT Fiatarone, MA TI Strength training effects on exercise capacity and cardiac function in elderly female heart failure patients SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROWN UNIV,MIRIAM HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. USDA TUFTS NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88000472 ER PT J AU Jenner, JL Seman, LJ Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ AF Jenner, JL Seman, LJ Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ TI The differential metabolism of the apo(a) and ApoB-100 components of the lipoprotein(a) particle: A stable isotope study in humans SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRM,GLASGOW G4 0SF,LANARK,SCOTLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 1248 EP 1248 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88001257 ER PT J AU Seman, LJ deLuca, C Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, AL Schaefer, EJ AF Seman, LJ deLuca, C Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, AL Schaefer, EJ TI Lipoprotein (a)-cholesterol compared with sinking prebeta lipoprotein and associated relative risk of heart disease in the Framingham Heart Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 1695 EP 1695 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88001688 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Gagne, E McNamara, JR Shah, PK Wilson, PWF Cupples, AL Hayden, MR Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM Gagne, E McNamara, JR Shah, PK Wilson, PWF Cupples, AL Hayden, MR Schaefer, EJ TI Effects of the Ser447Stop mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene locus on plasma triglyceride rich lipoprotein remnants SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,JM HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. RI Hayden, Michael/D-8581-2011 OI Hayden, Michael/0000-0001-5159-1419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 1874 EP 1874 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88001865 ER PT J AU Wilson, PWF Ordovas, JM Silbershatz, H DAgostino, RB Schaefer, EJ AF Wilson, PWF Ordovas, JM Silbershatz, H DAgostino, RB Schaefer, EJ TI Efficacy of LDL and HDL vs ApoB and ApoAI in the prediction of incident coronary disease: The Framingham Offspring Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JM HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 1880 EP 1880 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88001871 ER PT J AU Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Welty, FK Lichtenstein, AH Barrett, PHR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Apolipoprotein B-48 and very low density and low density lipoprotein ApoB-100 kinetics in normal humans using stable isotope studies SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JM HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 2309 EP 2309 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88002297 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ AF Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ TI Hydrogenated vegetable oil results in higher lipoprotein levels than the naturally occurring oil and lower lipoprotein levels than butter SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,JM HNRCA USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 2679 EP 2679 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88002665 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Mayer, J Gohh, RY Beaulieu, A Nadeau, MR Hume, AL Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Bostom, AG Mayer, J Gohh, RY Beaulieu, A Nadeau, MR Hume, AL Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Homocysteine-lowering treatment of renal transplant recipients SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. MEM HOSP,PAWTUCKET,RI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 3681 EP 3681 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88003662 ER PT J AU LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Cruz, G Marin, C Ostos, MA Castro, P Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, B PerezJimenez, F AF LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Cruz, G Marin, C Ostos, MA Castro, P Blanco, A JimenezPereperez, B PerezJimenez, F TI Association between LDL susceptibility to oxidative modification and genetic variability at the lipoprotein lipase gene locus SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 3686 EP 3686 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88003667 ER PT J AU Lehrfeld, J AF Lehrfeld, J TI Cation exchange resins prepared from phytic acid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phytic acid; ion-exchange resin; corn bran; starch; cellulose AB A novel series of water-insoluble cation-exchange resins was produced by heating a commercial phytic acid solution with any of several organic and inorganic materials possessing multiple hydroxyl functionality. Suitable materials for use as substrates were pure polysaccharides such as starch or cellulose, complex polysaccharide mixtures such as those found in agricultural residues (sugar beet pulp, corn bran, or oat hull), simple sugars such as sodium gluconate, and some polymeric inorganics such as silica and powdered glass. These materials were heated with phytic acid at 180 degrees C for 20-35 min in vacuo. The brown to black material produced had an ion exchange capacity for calcium that ranged from 780-5700 mu equiv/g. The silica- and glass-based resins may be suitable materials for the cleanup of radioactive wastes. They have a low carbon content (1-3%), and subsequent vitrification to stabilize the radioactive elements in an insoluble form is simplified because the matrix of the resin is silica. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Lehrfeld, J (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,BIOMAT PROC RES UNIT,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,MIDWEST AREA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 17 PY 1997 VL 66 IS 3 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971017)66:3<491::AID-APP9>3.0.CO;2-K PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XX353 UT WOS:A1997XX35300009 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ AF Lehotay, SJ TI Supercritical fluid extraction of pesticides in foods SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE supercritical fluid extraction; multiresidue analysis; reviews; pesticides ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION PERSPECTIVES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AB This article summarizes research findings involving the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of pesticides in food and other tissue matrices. Emphasis is placed on multiresidue analysis of pesticides in nonfatty foods, including some previously unpublished aspects of SFE in this application. Brief overviews of pesticides and traditional multiresidue methods are given, followed by discussion of results for SFE applications in the pesticide residue analysis of foods. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,RM 224,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 203 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 17 PY 1997 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00461-5 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH098 UT WOS:A1997YH09800027 PM 9409007 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Lee, CH AF Lehotay, SJ Lee, CH TI Evaluation of a fibrous cellulose drying agent in supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction of diverse pesticides SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE pressurized liquid extraction; supercritical fluid extraction; drying agent; pesticides; cellulose, fibrous ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BENZIMIDAZOLE FUNGICIDES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VEGETABLES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESIDUES; FRUIT; CLEANUP; HPLC AB A fibrous cellulose powder (CF-1) was investigated as a drying agent for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), also known as accelerated solvent extraction. Analysis of fifty-eight diverse pesticides was performed using gas chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometric detection (GC-ITD), Extraction efficiencies were correlated versus pesticide polarity with samples of different water-CF-1 ratios, The effect of water was much more pronounced in SFE using CO2 than PLE using acetonitrile. Pesticide recoveries and limits of detection of fortified tomato samples mixed with CF-1 were determined. PLE gave recoveries >80% for nearly all pesticides, and SFE gave similar recoveries except for the most polar and non-polar pesticides. SFE typically gave lower detection limits than PLE due to fewer matrix interferants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 HLTH & ENVIRONM INST,CHEJU 690170,CHEJI DO,SOUTH KOREA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 17 PY 1997 VL 785 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00551-7 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH098 UT WOS:A1997YH09800028 PM 9409008 ER PT J AU Buck, DR Savikhin, S Struve, WS AF Buck, DR Savikhin, S Struve, WS TI Effect of diagonal energy disorder on circular dichroism spectra of Fenna-Matthews-Olson trimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID GREEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; EXCITED-STATE STRUCTURE; PROSTHECOCHLORIS-AESTUARII; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; ANTENNA; CHLOROPHYLLS; MOLECULES; COMPLEX AB Circular dichroism spectra of Fenna-Matthews-Olson trimers (bacteriochlorophyll a-protein antenna complexes from green photosynthetic bacteria) are unusually sensitive to diagonal energy disorder because the resonance interactions between pigments belonging to different protein subunits are weak (less than or equal to 20 cm(-1)). Substantial differences occur between CD spectra in exciton simulations performed with and without realistic inhomogeneous distribution functions for the input pigment diagonal energies. Future simulations of FMO optical properties such as CD and pump-probe anisotropies should consider diagonal disorder in order to accurately describe this antenna's electronic structure. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,USDA,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 42 BP 8395 EP 8397 DI 10.1021/jp971758g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YB794 UT WOS:A1997YB79400001 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Wesley, IV Larson, DJ AF Suarez, DL Wesley, IV Larson, DJ TI Detection of Arcobacter species in gastric samples from swine SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter butzleri; Arcobacter cryaerophilus; Arcobacter spp.; Helicobacter sp.; gastric ulceration; swine; PCR; urease; 16S rRNA ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS; ULCER DISEASE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PIGS; INFECTION; BUTZLERI; STRAINS; STOMACH; FECES AB Swine stomachs were surveyed for evidence of Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. infections associated with gastric ulceration. A nested PCR test targeted to the 16S rRNA was developed to detect many Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. An internal oligonucleotide probe was used for differentiation and confirmation of the PCR product. Tissue samples were obtained from the nonglandular and glandular regions of 86 swine stomachs. Evidence of infection with these microbes was detected in 51%, with 77% of the positive samples being identified as A. butzleri using a highly specific probe. Nonglandular stomach samples (44%) were mon likely to be positive by PCR than samples from the glandular (23%) region. Gross lesions of any stage of gastric ulceration, ranging from parakeratosis, erosions and ulceration, were observed in 24% of stomachs examined. Of 21 samples with lesions, 52% were positive by the broadly reactive PCR assay for Arcobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. The majority of PCR-positive samples (75%) had no gross lesions. When a single step PCR assay that was more specific for Arcobacter spp, was used on the nonglandular stomach samples, 10.4% of the 86 samples were positive. Arcobacter spp. were cultured from four of the sample stomachs. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified the isolates as A. butzleri (n = 2), A. cryaerophilus, (n = 1), and a mixed culture of A. butzleri and another Arcobacter spp. (n = 1). A single step PCR assay targeted to the urease gene and culturing methods were used to screen for H. pylori or other closely related urease positive bacteria, but none were found. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30604. IOWA STATE UNIV,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00107-7 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YK384 UT WOS:A1997YK38400003 PM 9444069 ER PT J AU deOliveira, SJ Baetz, AL Wesley, IV Harmon, KM AF deOliveira, SJ Baetz, AL Wesley, IV Harmon, KM TI Classification of Arcobacter species isolated from aborted pig fetuses and sows with reproductive problems in Brazil SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arcobacter cryaerophilus; Arcobacter butzleri; PCR; restriction fragment length polymorphism; porcine abortion ID SP-NOV; BUTZLERI; ORGANISMS; CATTLE AB Seventeen field isolates of Arcobacter species were recovered in Brazil from aborted porcine fetal livers (n = 3), kidneys (n = 2), and thoracic fluid (n = 1). Arcobacter species were also recovered from uterine and oviductal tissues (n = 5) and a placenta from sows with reproductive problems, These isolates were initially presumed to be Arcobacter cryaerophilus on the basis of aerobic growth at 30 degrees C, indoxyl acetate hydrolysis, catalase and oxidase reactions, growth on MacConkey agar, sensitivity to 3.5% sodium chloride, and susceptibility to nalidixic acid (40 mg/ml). The isolates were confirmed as Arcobacter using polymerase chain reaction, and were classified as A, cryaerophilus 1A (24%), A. cryaerophilus 1B (71%), and A. butzleri (6%) using restriction fragment length polymorphism. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. CTR PESQUISAS VET DESIDERIO FINAMOR,FEPAGRO,BR-90001970 PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00106-5 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA YK384 UT WOS:A1997YK38400005 PM 9444071 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Hartung, JS Fenton, RG AF Pooler, MR Hartung, JS Fenton, RG TI Sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; plasmid sequence; Pierce's disease; leaf scorch; DNA homology; cryptic plasmid ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA 7NSK2; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; LEAF SCORCH; INHABITING BACTERIA; AXENIC CULTURE; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; STRAINS; ASSOCIATION; PLANTS AB A cryptic plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa strain ATCC 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into GenBank (U71220). The plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% GC content and three open reading frames. A plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of X. fastidiosa, ATCC 35878, Searches of the GenBank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pNKH43 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and amino acid sequence homology with phage Pf3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plasmid pAP12875 from Acetobacter pasteurianus, and plasmid pVT736-1 from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Div Clin Sci, Navy Med Oncol Branch, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. EM mpooler@ars-grin.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 155 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb13881.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YY672 UT WOS:000072172100013 PM 9351204 ER PT J AU Giordano, R Jackson, JJ Robertson, HM AF Giordano, R Jackson, JJ Robertson, HM TI The role of Wolbachia bacteria in reproductive incompatibilities and hybrid zones of Diabrotica beetles and Gryllus crickets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; FIELD CRICKETS; GENUS GRYLLUS; MICROORGANISMS; HYBRIDIZATION; MELANOGASTER; POPULATIONS; HYMENOPTERA; RICKETTSIA AB A rickettsial bacterium in the genus Wolbachia is the cause of a unidirectional reproductive incompatibility observed between two major beetle pests of maize, the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and the Mexican corn rootworm, D. v. zeae. These subspecies are allopatric except for two known regions of sympatry in Texas and Mexico. We demonstrate that populations of D. v. virgifera, with the exception of two populations in southern Arizona, are infected with a strain of Wolbachia. Populations of D. v. zeae are not infected. Treatment of D. v. virgifera with tetracycline eliminated the Wolbachia and removed the reproductive incompatibility. Similar patterns of reproductive incompatibility exist among taxa of the cricket genus Gryllus. Gryllus assimilis, G. integer, G. ovisopis, G. pennsylvanicus, and G. rubens are infected with Wolbachia whereas G. firmus is usually not. Populations of G. rubens and G. ovisopis carry the same Wolbachia strain, which is distinct from that of G. integer. G. pennsylvanicus is infected with two Wolbachia strains, that found in G. rubens and one unique to G. pennsylvanicus. Moreover, a proportion of G. pennsylvanicus individuals harbors both strains. Wolbachia may have influenced speciation in some members of the genus Gryllus by affecting the degree of hybridization between species. Given that Wolbachia infections are relatively common in insects, it is likely that other insect hybrid zones may be influenced by infections with Wolbachia. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP Giordano, R (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,320 MORRILL HALL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 14 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 21 BP 11439 EP 11444 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11439 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YA930 UT WOS:A1997YA93000067 PM 9326628 ER PT J AU Leitch, JA Linz, GM Baltezore, JF AF Leitch, JA Linz, GM Baltezore, JF TI Economics of cattail (Typha spp.) control to reduce blackbird damage to sunflower SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cattail (Typha spp.) control; sunflower damage; economics; glyphosate; blackbirds ID INDUCED HABITAT ALTERATIONS; RESPONSES; FIELDS; MARSH; DUCKS AB A benefit/cost analysis of cattail (Typha spp.) control to reduce sunflower depredation by blackbirds was conducted to identify trade-offs and to estimate the efficacy of chemical treatment. Although reductions in populations of certain species, such as upland game, may occur with cattail control, populations of other species such as waterfowl, may be enhanced. With all factors considered, both sunflower producers and society were found to benefit from creating a 70:30 ratio of open water and cattails. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,BISMARCK,ND 58504. ST PAUL BANK COOPERAT,FARGO,ND 58102. RP Leitch, JA (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD OCT 13 PY 1997 VL 65 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00061-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YH880 UT WOS:A1997YH88000005 ER PT J AU Jaffe, K Issa, S Daniels, E Haile, D AF Jaffe, K Issa, S Daniels, E Haile, D TI Dynamics of the emergence of genetic resistance to biocides among asexual and sexual organisms SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS DIPTERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; SELECTION PRESSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; CULICIDAE AB A stochastic, agent based, evolutionary algorithm, modeling mating, reproduction, genetic variation, phenotypic expression and selection was used to study the dynamic interactions affecting a multiple-gene system. The results suggest that strong irreversible constraints affect the evolution of resistance to biocides. Resistant genes evolve differently in asexual organisms compared with sexual ones in response to various patterns of biocide applications. Asexual populations (viruses and bacteria) are less likely to develop genetic resistance in response to multiple pesticides or if pesticides are used at low doses, whereas sexual populations (insects for example) are more likely to become resistant to pesticides if susceptibility to the pesticide relates to mate selection. The adaptation of genes not related to the emergence of resistance will affect the dynamics of the evolution of resistance. Increasing the number of pesticides reduces the probability of developing resistance to any of them in asexual organisms but much less so in sexual organisms. Sequential applications of toxins, were slightly less efficient in slowing emergence of resistance compared with simultaneous application of a mix in both sexual and asexual organisms. Targeting only one sex of the pest speeds the development of resistance. The findings are consistent to most of the published analytical models but are closer to known experimental results, showing that nonlinear, agent based simulation models are more powerful in explaining complex processes. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP Jaffe, K (reprint author), UNIV SIMON BOLIVAR,DEPT BIOL ORGANISMOS,APARTADO 89000,CARACAS 1080A,VENEZUELA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD OCT 7 PY 1997 VL 188 IS 3 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0472 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YE662 UT WOS:A1997YE66200003 PM 9344733 ER PT J AU Mertens, B Muriuki, C Muiya, P Andrianarivo, A Mwangi, S Logan-Henfrey, L AF Mertens, B Muriuki, C Muiya, P Andrianarivo, A Mwangi, S Logan-Henfrey, L TI Bovine stem cell factor: production of a biologically active protein and mRNA analysis in cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stem cell factor; SCF; bovine; histidine tag; trypanosomiasis; RT-PCR ID C-KIT LIGAND; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; BORAN CATTLE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SOLUBLE FORMS; MESSENGER-RNA; BONE-MARROW; SI-LOCUS AB The cDNA coding for the soluble form of bovine stem cell factor (boSCF(Ala165)) was cloned and recombinant protein was produced in bacteria as a histidine tagged-protein. The protein was purified from the inclusion bodies in one step by metal chelation chromatography under denaturing conditions. Recombinant bovine SCF was shown to act synergistically with interleukin 3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin (EPO) in stimulating the growth of bone marrow progenitor cells such as colony forming units-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E). Analysis of SCF mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the transcripts were detectable in bone marrow, lymph node and spleen of cattle, and that the level of transcription was upregulated in lymph nodes of cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Two isoforms of SCF mRNA were amplified by RT-PCR. The availability of recombinant bovine SCF provides a valuable tool for studying the role of SCF in the development, growth and differentiation of bovine hematopoietic cells. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mertens, B (reprint author), Int Livestock Res Inst, POB 30709, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 6 PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00068-8 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN162 UT WOS:000071139300006 PM 9437826 ER PT J AU Lee, EK Kang, SG Kehrli, ME AF Lee, EK Kang, SG Kehrli, ME TI Cloning, sequencing and analysis of cDNA encoding bovine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intercellular adhesion molecule; beta(2)-integrins; leukocytes; inflammation; mRNA; cDNA sequence ID LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; SURFACE EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; COUNTER-RECEPTOR; ANTIGEN-1 LFA-1; LIGAND; LEUKOCYTES; INDUCTION; BINDING; GENE AB Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible glycoprotein that interacts with the leukocyte beta(2)-integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1. We have isolated and analyzed a cDNA clone coding for the putative bovine ICAM-1 gene and compared it with known comparative sequences from other species as well as bovine ICAM-3. The 3398-bp bovine ICAM-1 cDNA sequence codes for 535 amino acids and shows 57% homology with human ICAM-1 and 47% homology with bovine ICAM-3 at the amino acid levels. The predicted number and positions of cysteine residues in bovine ICAM-1 are all conserved among species including bovine ICAM-3. It has two arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sites in the extracellular region and a serine residue in the cytoplasmic tail. Northern blot results show that the bovine ICAM-1 gene is expressed in stimulated leukocytes whereas bovine ICAM-3 is expressed predominantly in resting neutrophils. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, NADC, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool & Genet, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kehrli, ME (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, NADC, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 6 PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00051-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN162 UT WOS:000071139300010 PM 9437830 ER PT J AU Cox, GA Lutz, CM Yang, CL Biemesderfer, D Bronson, RT Fu, A Aronson, PS Noebels, JL Frankel, WN AF Cox, GA Lutz, CM Yang, CL Biemesderfer, D Bronson, RT Fu, A Aronson, PS Noebels, JL Frankel, WN TI Sodium/hydrogen exchanger gene defect in slow-wave epilepsy mutant mice SO CELL LA English DT Article ID RAT NA/H EXCHANGER; NA+/H+ ANTIPORTER; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ABSENCE SEIZURES; PH REGULATION; MOUSE; EXPRESSION; ISOFORM; NHE-1; CELLS AB The ''housekeeping'' sodium/hydrogen exchanger, NHE1, mediates the electroneutral 1:1 exchange of Na+ and H+ across the plasma membrane. NHE1 is ubiquitous and is studied extensively for regulation of pH(i), cell volume, and response to growth factors. We describe a spontaneous mouse mutant, slow-wave epilepsy, (swe), with a neurological syndrome including ataxia and a unique epilepsy phenotype consisting of 3/sec absence and tonic-clonic seizures. swe was fine-mapped on Chromosome 4 and identified as a null allele of Nhe1. Mutants show selective neuronal death in the cerebellum and brainstem but otherwise are healthy. This first example of a disease-causing mutation in an Nhe gene provides a new tool for studying the delicate balance of neuroexcitability and cell survival within the CNS. C1 JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BAYLOR COLL MED,INST MOL GENET,DEPT NEUROL,DIV NEUROSCI,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OI Noebels, Jeffrey /0000-0002-2887-0839 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS31348, NS29702, NS33396] NR 63 TC 199 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD OCT 3 PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)80016-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XZ809 UT WOS:A1997XZ80900016 PM 9335342 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL Mounts, TL AF Abidi, SL Mounts, TL TI Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of tocopherols SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE antioxidants; stationary phases; LC; mobile phase composition; tocopherols ID VITAMIN-E; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA; SERUM; RETINOL; OIL; CONSTITUENTS; CAROTENOIDS; ULTRAVIOLET AB The retention behavior and separation characteristics of five natural products alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and zeta(2)-tocopherols and their acetyl derivatives were studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection. Investigated stationary phases included an octadecyl polyvinyl alcohol (ODPVA) column, several octadecylsilica (ODS) columns, and a pentafluorophenylsilica column. Mobile phases comprised methanol (or acetonitrile) and water at variable proportions. Separation factors for beta- and gamma-tocopherol isomers and capacity factors of the five tocopherols were determined under various conditions. The beta- and gamma-tocopherols were separable on ODPVA but not on ODS. However, the beta-gamma pair was resolved with the latter column only as their ester derivatives. HPLC with mobile phases containing alkanols with carbon atoms greater than 2 favored the separation of the beta-gamma pair on ODS and yielded results diametrically different but complementary with those obtained with the ODPVA phase. The combined effects of mobile phases, stationary phases and antioxidant structures on component separations were delineated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 3 PY 1997 VL 782 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00471-8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YD524 UT WOS:A1997YD52400003 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Woodruff, CL McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT Woodruff, CL McKeon, TA TI Non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of synthetic triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE triacylglycerols; diacylglycerols ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATTY-ACIDS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OIL AB Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for the separation of molecular species of 45 synthetic triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols. These methods used linear gradients of methanol-isopropanol and UV detection at 205 nm as well as radioactive how detection, which we add for metabolic studies. The elution orders of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols depend on the polarity of their fatty acid constituents with elution time increasing as polarity decreases. The elution orders of triacylglycerols depending on their fatty acid constituents were as follows: ricinoleic acid LRH, canopy temperature was assumed to be increased by a reduction in transpiration. In a humid climate the LRH criterion reduced the simulated average TT value by 27%, 51%, and 69%, respectively, for Delta T values between 3 degrees C and 5 degrees C. This same LRH reduced the TT values by 16%, 32% and 36%, respectively, in a semiarid climate. The LRH criterion had no effect on the average TT value in the arid climate. Estimated TT values had the lowest variability among years for a Delta T value of 4 degrees C in the humid and semiarid climates. A generalized curve described the TT versus Delta T relationship across a wide spectrum of climates. The LRH procedure produced consistent adjustments to TT; however, further refinements may be needed to improve the accuracy of estimating daily TT when weather conditions are highly variable. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Wanjura, DF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 217 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00024-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA YP350 UT WOS:000071268100002 ER PT J AU Melanson, KJ Saltzman, E Russell, RR Roberts, SB AF Melanson, KJ Saltzman, E Russell, RR Roberts, SB TI Fat oxidation in response to four graded energy challenges in younger and older women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy metabolism; body composition; energy intake; dietary fat; fat oxidation; age; women ID DIETARY-FAT; AEROBIC CAPACITY; WEIGHT-GAIN; HEALTHY-MEN; FOOD-INTAKE; AGE; EXPENDITURE; OBESITY; RISK AB We examined whether older individuals have an impairment in their ability to oxidize dietary fat, a factor that could help to explain age-associated weight gain. The subjects were 16 healthy younger and older women. Fat oxidation was determined by indirect calorimetry before and after consumption of four different test meals consumed greater than or equal to 5 d apart. The intervention meals contained 0, 1046, 2092, or 4184 kJ (simulating extended fasting, and consumption of a snack, a small meal, and a moderately large meal, respectively), with 35% of energy from fat. The duration of each measurement was the amount of time required for postprandial energy expenditure to return to the premeal fasting value. A total of 96 measurements were obtained, including duplicates for all meal sizes in the younger women (in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle). Total postprandial fat oxidation increased in proportion to meal size in the younger subjects, but did not increase above that for the 2092-kJ meal in the older women. In addition, older subjects had significantly lower total fat oxidation after consumption of the 4184-kJ meal (781 compared with 1029 kJ/measurement, P < 0.02) and also significantly greater fat deposition (745 compared with 464 kJ/measurement, P < 0.02). These findings suggest that, relative to younger women, older women have a reduced ability to oxidize dietary fat when they consume large meals. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 860 EP 866 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100017 PM 9322561 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Fiatarone, MA Zhuang, H Roubenoff, R AF Kehayias, JJ Fiatarone, MA Zhuang, H Roubenoff, R TI Total body potassium and body fat: Relevance to aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; potassium; fat; neutron inelastic scattering; aging; sarcopenia; humans ID INVIVO NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; TISSUE MASS; NITROGEN; AGE; DIRECTIONS; GENERATOR; EXERCISE; ZETATRON; HEALTH AB Understanding the mechanisms that govern sarcopenia (depletion of muscle mass with age) may suggest ways to preserve lean tissue and functional capacity, and to maintain quality of life in the elderly. We investigated the body-composition changes in normal aging in a cross-sectional study of 188 healthy volunteers aged 20-89 y, which examines the differences in body cell mass and fat as a function of age. In aging, the assumptions of indirect body-composition-measurement techniques, such as the ''constant'' hydration coefficient of lean body mass or the ''constant'' density of fat-free mass, may not hold. Therefore, we selected body-composition-measurement techniques that are not sensitive to assumptions about the composition of lean tissue. Cellular mass, lean body mass, and fat were assessed ''directly'' by total body potassium (TBK) measurements and neutron inelastic scattering. Our results show that TBK content declines at a rate of 7.20 +/- 1.00 mg K . kg body wt(-1). y(-1) for females (r = 0.601, P less than or equal to 0.001) and 9.16 +/- 0.96 mg K . kg body wt(-1). y(-1) for males (r = 0.710, P less than or equal to 0.001). Body fat measurements by neutron inelastic scattering have shown a significant increase of percentage body fat with age for female volunteers between the ages of 20 and 50 y and a continuous increase for male volunteers throughout adult life. RP Kehayias, JJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER US DEPT AGR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 38 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 904 EP 910 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100022 PM 9322566 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Taylor, A Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Mahnken, B Lee, Y Vaid, K Lahav, M AF Jacques, PF Taylor, A Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Mahnken, B Lee, Y Vaid, K Lahav, M TI Long-term vitamin C supplement use and prevalence of early age-related lens opacities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cataracts; vitamin C; women; lens opacities; aging; antioxidants ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; CATARACT; RISK; PLASMA; REPRODUCIBILITY; CAROTENOIDS; VALIDITY AB We designed the present study to examine the cross-sectional relation between age-related lens opacities and vitamin C supplement use over a 10-12-y period before assessment of lens status in women without diagnosed cataract or diabetes. This design avoids biased measurement of nutrient intake that results when knowledge of lens opacities influences nutrition-related behavior or its reporting. The participants were 247 Boston-area women aged 56-71 y selected from the Nurses' Health Study cohort with oversampling of women with high or low vitamin C intakes. Lens opacities were graded with the Lens Opacification Classification System II. Use of vitamin C supplements for greater than or equal to 10 y (n = 26) was associated with a 77% lower prevalence of early lens opacities (odds ratio: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.60) at any lens site and a 83% lower prevalence of moderate lens opacities (odds ratio: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.85) at any lens site compared with women who did not use vitamin C supplements (n = 141) after adjustment for age and other potentially confounding variables. Women who consumed vitamin C supplements for < 10 y showed no evidence of a reduced prevalence of early opacities. These data, together with data from earlier experimental and epidemiologic studies, suggest that long-term consumption of vitamin C supplements may substantially reduce the development of age-related lens opacities. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, SCH NUTR SCI & POLICY, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, CHANNING LAB, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT NUTR, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, DEPT OPHTHALMOL, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-40356] NR 27 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100023 PM 9322567 ER PT J AU Santos, MS Leka, LS RibayaMercado, JD Russell, RM Meydani, M Hennekens, CH Gaziano, JM Meydani, SN AF Santos, MS Leka, LS RibayaMercado, JD Russell, RM Meydani, M Hennekens, CH Gaziano, JM Meydani, SN TI Short-and long-term beta-carotene supplementation do not influence T cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly persons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; immune response; elderly; men; women; T cell; delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test ID VITAMIN-E; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; IMMUNOLOGICAL INDEXES; HUMANS; SERUM; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ACID; MEN AB Supplementation of healthy elderly persons with beta-carotene has been considered a way to enhance immune responses. In study 1 the short-term effect of beta-carotene (90 mg/d for 3 wk) on immunity was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled longitudinal comparison of healthy elderly women. In study 2 the long-term effect of beta-carotene (50 mg every other day for 10-12 y) on immunity was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled longitudinal comparison of men enrolled in the Physicians' Health Study. Subjects from both studies taking active supplements had significantly greater plasma beta-carotene concentrations than did subjects taking placebo. The pre-to postintervention change in delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses between beta-carotene and placebo groups in the short-term study was not significantly different, nor was the response between treatment groups in the long-term study. There were no significant effects due to beta-carotene supplementation on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, production of interleukin 2, or production of prostaglandin E-2 as a result of short-or long-term beta-carotene supplementation. In addition, there were no differences in the profiles of lymphocyte subsets [total T cells (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+), T cytotoxic-suppressor cells (CD8+), and B cells (CD19+)] due to short- or long-term beta-carotene supplementation, nor were there differences in percentages of CD16+ natural killer cells or activated lymphocytes (cells expressing interleukin 2 transferrin receptor) due to long-term beta-carotene supplementation. Consistent results from these two trials show that beta-carotene supplementation did not have an enhancing or suppressive effect on T cell-mediated immunity of healthy elderly. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SACKLER SCH GRAD BIOMED SCI,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,W ROXBURY,MA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-26490, HL-34595]; NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 917 EP 924 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100024 PM 9322568 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Felson, DT Tucker, KL Mahnken, B Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Rush, D AF Jacques, PF Felson, DT Tucker, KL Mahnken, B Wilson, PWF Rosenberg, IH Rush, D TI Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its determinants in an elderly population sample SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; age; elderly individuals; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Framingham Heart Study; sunlight exposure ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; AGE; PEOPLE; SUNLIGHT; QUESTIONNAIRE; ULTRAVIOLET; PARAMETERS AB This study describes the distribution and determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and risk factors for low 25(OH)D (less than or equal to 37.5 nmol/L) in 290 men and 469 women aged 67-95 y who were in the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Mean (+/- SD) 25(OH)D concentrations were 82 +/- 29 nmol/L in men and 71 +/- 29 nmol/L in women. 25(OH)D was low in 6.2% of men and 14.5% of women. 25(OH)D concentrations were strongly associated with season of examination, inversely associated with time spent indoors and body mass index, and positively associated with dietary vitamin D intake. In women, concentrations were also inversely associated with age and positively associated with supplemental vitamin D intake and residence for greater than or equal to 3 mo/y in Florida, California, or Arizona, and in men were positively associated with serum creatinine concentrations. Similar amounts of variance in 25(OH)D concentrations were explained by vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure, the former being more important in women and the latter in men. None of the known or suspected determinants of vitamin D status could explain the lower 25(OH)D concentrations in women, but the sex difference was not seen for individuals examined during the winter. Results from this population-based sample of elderly individuals suggest that inadequate vitamin D status is an important public health problem, which could be readily addressed by adequate vitamin D intake or sunlight exposure. C1 BOSTON MED CTR,ARTHRIT CTR,BOSTON,MA. NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,NIH,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038, R01-HL-40423-05]; NINDS NIH HHS [2-R01-NS-17950-12] NR 42 TC 179 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 929 EP 936 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100026 PM 9322570 ER PT J AU Vogel, S Contois, JH Tucker, KL Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ LammiKeefe, CJ AF Vogel, S Contois, JH Tucker, KL Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ LammiKeefe, CJ TI Plasma retinol and plasma and lipoprotein tocopherol and carotenoid concentrations in healthy elderly participants of the Framingham Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE tocopherol; vitamin A; carotenoids; retinol; plasma; lipoproteins; elderly; Framingham Heart Study ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; SERUM; WOMEN AB Data on plasma concentrations of tocopherols and the major carotenoids in adults aged greater than or equal to 65 y, particularly in those > 80 y, are sparse. In the current study retinol, tocopherol (alpha- and gamma-tocopherols), and carotenoid (lutein/zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthins, lycopene, and alpha- and beta-carotene) concentrations were determined in 638 subjects, 230 men (aged 75 +/- 5 y) and 408 women (76 +/- 6 y), of the Framingham Heart Study. All subjects were free of clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Percentile ranges were comparable with those established in younger cohorts. Moreover, women had significantly higher plasma cu-tocopherol and plasma and lipoprotein concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin and alpha- and beta-carotene than did men. Lycopene concentrations were inversely correlated with age and lowest among subjects greater than or equal to 80 y. Total intakes (diet + supplements) of vitamin C and vitamin E, but not dietary intakes alone, were positively associated with plasma cr-tocopherol and inversely associated with gamma-tocopherol concentrations. In multivariate analyses, plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations and total intake of vitamins E and C predicted 64% and 55% of the plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations in men and women, respectively. Important predictors for the majority of carotenoids included plasma cholesterol concentration, body mass index (negative effect), and smoking status (negative effect); for lycopene concentration they included cholesterol concentration and age (negative effect). In summary, percentile ranges and lipoprotein distributions were comparable with those established in younger cohorts, suggesting that overall antioxidant status is not altered in people between the ages of 67 and 96 y. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER DEPT AGR HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER DEPT AGR HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 40 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 950 EP 958 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY491 UT WOS:A1997XY49100029 PM 9322573 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Sanderson, TP Larson, DJ Harmon, KM Andrews, JJ Miskimins, DW Zeman, DH AF Wesley, IV Sanderson, TP Larson, DJ Harmon, KM Andrews, JJ Miskimins, DW Zeman, DH TI Application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of Campylobacter jejuni and C-coli associated with reproductive failure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE PROBES; BOVINE ABORTION; SEPTIC ABORTION; SP-NOV; INFECTION; FETUS; ARCOBACTER; SEQUENCES; PRODUCTS; CATTLE AB Objective-To evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni from C coli as causes of reproductive failure. Procedure-Review of clinical cases of reproductive failure attributed to C jejuni or C coli. Results-A case of swine abortion was attributable to infection with C coli. The porcine abortion isolates were verified as C cell by restriction fragment length polymorphism and multiplex PCR. Cases of endometritis in a fox and in mink caused by C jejuni were reviewed, and isolates were confirmed as C jejuni by results of the multiplex PCR. Conclusion-Multiplex PCR was useful in identifying C coli and C jejuni recovered from atypical cases of reproductive failure. Multiplex PCR in conjunction with conventional assays may be useful for verifying other unusual instances of campylobacteriosis. C1 BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB,PHARMACEUT RES INST,EVANSVILLE,IN 47721. IOWA STATE UNIV,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV ILLINOIS,LABS VET DIAGNOST MED,URBANA,IL 61801. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,VET DIAGNOST LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), ARS,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1070 EP 1075 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700018 PM 9328656 ER PT J AU Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ AF Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ TI Safety and efficacy of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; EGYPT AB Objective-To examine safety and efficacy of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine (RVFMP-12) in cattle. Animals-38 pregnant cows, 14 steers, and 10 lactating dairy cows. Procedure-Pregnant cows in their third, fifth, or eighth month of gestation were vaccinated (1 ml of RVF MP-12 containing 5 log(10) plaque-forming units [PFU] of virus) and were monitored daily through parturition for signs of disease, viremia, and immunologic response. Additionally, 10 vaccinated pregnant cows were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV at postvaccination day (PVD) 30 and were monitored daily for untoward effects. Ten unvaccinated pregnant cows also were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV and served as challenge controls. Vaccinated lactating dairy cows were monitored for viremia and virus shedding in the milk through PVD 14. Yearling steers were vaccinated to assess their immunologic response to various doses of vaccine and were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV at PVD 28 to assess protection. Results-10 of 38 (26.3%) cows vaccinated during pregnancy developed transient postvaccination viremia titer greater than or equal to 2.5 log(10) PFU/ml of serum. All vaccinated cows delivered live, healthy calves that were RVFV seronegative al birth, but which quickly acquired colostral antibodies. Vaccinated cows and their fetuses were protected when challenge exposed with virulent RVFV at PVD 30, whereas unvaccinated pregnant cows inoculated with RVFV became febrile and viremic, and aborted. Vaccine virus was unsuccessfully sought from milk of lactating dairy cows after vaccination, suggesting that shedding of vaccine virus through milk should not be a concern. Steers, inoculated with tenfold escalating vaccine doses, beginning with 1.0 log(10) PFU, were protected against virulent RVFV challenge exposure. Conclusions-RVF MP-12 may be safe and efficacious for use in pregnant or lactating bovids, and a minimal dose of vaccine may provide suitable protection against viremia. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,APPL RES DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA,APHIS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1104 EP 1109 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700024 PM 9328662 ER PT J AU Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ AF Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ TI Safety of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in fetal and neonatal bovids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALVES AB Objective-To examine effects of in utero inoculation with a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine (RVF MP-12) on fetal bovids and to assess the safety and efficacy of calfhood vaccination with RVF MP-12. Animals-18 pregnant Hereford and Hereford-type cows in the third or fifth month of gestation, their progeny, and 25 carves from cows immunized with RVF MP-12 during pregnancy. Procedure-Bovine fetuses were inoculated, via laparotomy, with 1 ml of RVF MP-12 containing 5 log(10) plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus. Blood was obtained from newborn calves prior to their ingestion of colostrum. Immune-naive calves and calves born to RVF MP-12-vaccinated dams, ranging in age from 2 to 45 days, were vaccinated with RVF MP-12, and some were later challenge exposed with 1 mi of 5.7 log(10) PFU of virulent RVFV strain ZH-501. Cows were monitored for viremia and antibody responses and for hematologic and serum biochemical alterations through parturition or abortion. Results-Surviving in utero-vaccinated calves were healthy, with no noticeable defects. Except for 1 vaccine-inoculated fetus that died an postinoculation day 21, all in utero-vaccinated fetuses had serum neutralizing antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:20 at the time of delivery. All darns of in utero-vaccinated fetuses also developed neutralizing antibody titer. Calves born to cows vaccinated during gestation did not have antibody at birth, and all but 1 quickly acquired colostral antibody. Postparturient inoculation of immune-naive calves and carves with colostral antibodies resulted in no untoward effects, and all calves with detectable neutralizing antibodies were protected against virulent virus challenge exposure. Conclusions-Fetal death and abortion would be rare even if fetuses were exposed to RVF MP-12. The trauma and complications associated with in utero inoculation do not make this a practical method of immunization. RVF MP-12 was safe, immunogenic, and protective in calves as young as 2 days of age. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,APPL RES DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA,APHIS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1110 EP 1114 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700025 PM 9328663 ER PT J AU Boury, NM Stabel, TJ Kehrli, M Taylor, M AF Boury, NM Stabel, TJ Kehrli, M Taylor, M TI Comparison of the PK(15)- and WEHI 164 (clone 13)-based bioassays for detection of porcine tumor necrosis factor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-ALPHA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TNF-ALPHA; CELL-LINE; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; SWINE; INTERLEUKIN-1; ENDOTOXEMIA; SPECIFICITY AB Objective-To determine relative sensitivities of the PK(15)- and WEHI 164(13)-based bioassays for detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Sample Population-Recombinant human, murine, and porcine TNF, and serum from pigs given endotoxin IV. Procedure-Two cell lines were used as targets for recombinant human, murine, and porcine TNF cytotoxicity bioassays. Pigs were given sublethal doses of endotoxin to obtain serum samples containing high activity of porcine TNF. Serum TNF activity was tested, using both cell lines. Viable cells were detected by addition of dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide after 18 to 20 hours' incubation with samples containing TNF. Results-The 2 cell lines tested had different sensitivities to human, murine, and porcine TNF. Compared with WEHI 164(13) cells, PK(15) cells were 50 times less sensitive to murine TNF and 15 times less sensitive to human TNF. However, PK(15) cells were 4 times more sensitive to recombinant porcine TNF and 15 times more sensitive to porcine serum containing TNF. Conclusions-The PK(15) cell line was more sensitive to porcine TNF-mediated lysis than was the WEHI 164(13) cell line. The PK(15)-based TNF bioassay will be especially useful for study of infectious disease processes in swine, particularly where low activity of TNF exists. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,PROGRAM MOL CELLULAR & DEV BIOL,AMES,IA 50011. OI Boury, Nancy/0000-0003-1438-8299 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1115 EP 1119 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700026 PM 9328664 ER PT J AU McMurray, MH Jenkins, SH Longland, WS AF McMurray, MH Jenkins, SH Longland, WS TI Effects of seed density on germination and establishment of a native and an introduced grass species dispersed by granivorous rodents SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INDIAN RICEGRASS; BROMUS-TECTORUM AB Dense aggregations of Oryzopsis hymenoides (Indian ricegrass) and Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) seeds occur in rodent caches in the Great Basin. Rodent caching behavior may influence establishment and persistence of these two desert grasses. Seed caches of rodents clearly introduce exaggerated seedling competition in these species. Greenhouse experiments were used to determine if establishment and persistence of these species were affected differently by densities of seeds in caches. Germination and establishment of Indian ricegrass, a native perennial grass, were less affected by high seed densities than germination and establishment of cheatgrass, an introduced annual weed. The different natural histories of these species, as well as data presented here, suggest that the high seed densities introduced by caching behavior of desert rodents may be beneficial to Indian ricegrass and harmful to cheatgrass. C1 UNIV NEVADA, USDA, ARS, RENO, NV 89512 USA. RP McMurray, MH (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA, DEPT BIOL, RENO, NV 89557 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.2307/2426825 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE725 UT WOS:A1997YE72500009 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Adkisson, CS Crow, TR Dixon, MD AF Johnson, WC Adkisson, CS Crow, TR Dixon, MD TI Nut caching by blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata L.): Implications for tree demography SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CLARKS NUTCRACKER; SEED DISPERSAL; WHITEBARK PINE; QUERCUS; FIELD; OAK; COLONIZATION; SQUIRRELS; PRAIRIE; FOREST AB We examined jay caching patterns over 3 yr in a woodland-prairie landscape in 3-central Iowa. Three aspects were examined: jay habitat preferences for caching, jay caching patterns before and after fire, and the influence of predation on nuts by small mammals on tree recruitment in jay territories. Blue jays cached nuts in a wide range of habitats, from open, grassy patches to mature forest. Jays cached preferentially in regenerating woodland and edge habitats while usually avoiding grassland habitats. Caching increased in grassland following a controlled burn. Detection by small mammals of artificial nut caches placed by the investigator was extremely high. The results support a keystone role for blue jays in oak forest ecosystems based on their habit of caching large numbers of most acorn species in the ground in habitats generally suitable for germination and establishment. Their long-distance transport and caching activities would be most significant to tree population dynamics during climate change or in contemporary fragmented landscapes. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ZOOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT FORESTRY LANDSCAPE & PK,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. RI Dixon, Mark/F-2641-2011 OI Dixon, Mark/0000-0002-0345-5655 NR 50 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 357 EP 370 DI 10.2307/2426828 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE725 UT WOS:A1997YE72500012 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR AF Angradi, TR TI Hydrologic context and macroinvertebrate community response to floods in an Appalachian headwater stream SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DESERT STREAM; PUTTING THINGS; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY; ECOLOGY; RECOLONIZATION; INVERTEBRATES; BENTHOS; ORDER; FAUNA AB The response of aquatic macroinvertebrates to two floods was examined in a 2nd-order stream draining a 132-ha watershed on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. Floods with recurrence intervals of 18 and 12 yr occurred in February and May 1994. Benthic organic matter and macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure were affected by the floods. Most of the common macroinvertebrate taxa decreased in abundance 70-95% immediately following the February flood. For most physical and biotic variables, recovery to preflood levels was complete before the May flood (42 days) based on preflood levels. Shifts in community structure following floods were small compared to seasonal variation. By August following the May flood, few differences could be detected from August of the previous year. Taxa associated with organic matter accumulations such as leaf packs and organic debris dams were affected less by the February flood than were most riffle taxa; one common leaf pack taxa, Pteronarcys, increased in abundance in riffles following the flood. I attribute the rapid recovery of the benthic community to abundant refugia, including organic debris dams, deep interstitial habitat, and 1st-order tributaries. Analysis of the long-term flow record for the Fernow Experimental Forest suggests that a probability-based hydrologic criterion for a flow disturbance is inadequate for Appalachian headwater streams. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TIMER & WATERSHED LAB,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.2307/2426829 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE725 UT WOS:A1997YE72500013 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA Vogeli, P Stranzinger, G Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW AF Rohrer, GA Vogeli, P Stranzinger, G Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW TI Mapping 28 erythrocyte antigen, plasma protein and enzyme polymorphisms using an efficient genomic scan of the porcine genome SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte antigen; linkage map; protein polymorphism; swine ID LINKAGE MAP; GENE; PIG; ASSIGNMENT; SWINE; ALB AB One hundred and fifty-four microsatellite markers were selected for genomic scanning of the porcine genome and were grouped into amplification sets to reduce the cost and labour required. Thirty amplification sets had two markers (duplex), 20 sets had three markers (tripler) and five sets had four markers (quadruplex) while 14 markers were analysed separately. The selection criteria for microsatellites were: ease of scoring, level of polymorphism, genetic location and ability to be genotyped in a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The selected microsatellites were chosen to span the entire genome flanked by the porcine linkage map with intervals between adjacent markers of 15-20 cM where possible. The utility of this set of markers was demonstrated by linkage analyses with loci controlling blood plasma protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms (n = 13), erythrocyte antigens (n = 15), the S blood group, coat colour and ryanodine receptor from 174 backcross Meishan-White Composite pigs. These loci displayed various forms of inheritance and most (24 loci) have been placed in linkage groups. Significant two-point linkages (lod > 3.0) were detected for each polymorphic marker. These results provide the first linkage assignments for phosphoglucomutase (PGM2) and erythrocyte antigen F (EAF) to SSC8; and serum amylase (AMY) and erythrocyte antigen I (EAI) to SSC18. All of the remaining polymer phic loci (n = 24) mapped to previously identified regions confirming earlier results. Most of the markers used in this study should be useful in resource populations of various breed crosses as the number of alleles detected in a multibreed reference population was one of the selection criteria. C1 ETH ZENTRUM,INST NUTZTIERWISSENSCH,GRP ZUCHTUNGSBIOL,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,US MEAT ANIM RES SERV,SPUR 18D,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 28 IS 5 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00161.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA YB426 UT WOS:A1997YB42600001 PM 9363592 ER PT J AU Vallejo, RL Pharr, GT Liu, HC Cheng, HH Witter, RL Bacon, LD AF Vallejo, RL Pharr, GT Liu, HC Cheng, HH Witter, RL Bacon, LD TI Non-association between Rfp-Y major histocompatibility complex-like genes and susceptibility to Marek's disease virus-induced tumours in 6(3) x 7(2) F-2 intercross chickens SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE disease susceptibility; genetic resistance; linkage analysis; MHC, Rfp-Y haplotype ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; RELATIVE EFFICACY; RESISTANCE; REGION; RECOMBINATION; SUBREGION; VACCINES AB Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by a member of the herpesvirus family, and the best understood genetic resistance to MD involves the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B-complex. Preliminary observations have suggested that MHC-like Rfp-Y genes might also influence the incidence of MD. This study describes the differentiation and definition of unique Rfp-Y genes in inbred lines 6(3) and 7(2), lines that possess identical B-complex genes, but that are resistant or susceptible to MD, respectively. To assess if Rfp-Y genes affect susceptibility to MD, 265 6(3) x 7(2) F-2 chickens were challenged with the IM strain of MD virus at 1 week of age and were evaluated for MD lesions at up to 10 weeks of age. Genotyping of the F-2 chickens for Rfp-Y haplotypes was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA using TaqI and a B-FN probe. Analysts of variance and interval mapping procedures were used to determine association between the Rfp-Y haplotypes and the phenotypic MD Values of the F-2 chickens. The cosegregation analysis of 265 F-2 chickens indicated that there was no association between Rfp-Y haplotypes and MD susceptibility. Furthermore, the fact that the Rfp-Y haplotypes fit the 1:2:1 segregation ratio and the RfP-Y allele frequencies did not differ significantly from 0.5 in the full population or in selected subpopulations (of either 40 MD-resistant of 39 MD-susceptible chickens) also indicated that Rfp-Y haplotypes do not significantly influence MD susceptibility. We conclude that Rfp-Y haplotypes do not play a major role in determining the genetic susceptibility to MD in 6(3) x 7(2) F-2 White Leghorn chickens. C1 ARS,USDA,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 28 IS 5 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00178.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA YB426 UT WOS:A1997YB42600002 PM 9363593 ER PT J AU Fady, B Westfall, RD AF Fady, B Westfall, RD TI Mating system parameters in a natural population of Abies borisii regis Mattfeld SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article DE Abies borisii regis; allozyme; outcrossing; inbreeding; hybridization ID OUTCROSSING RATES; SEED TISSUES; FIR; ALLOZYME; BALSAMEA AB Isozymes were used to estimate mating system parameters of one natural Abies borisii regis population from the Pertouli forest, Thessaly, Greece. Starch gel electrophoresis was performed and 17 trees were genotyped for seven variable loci using open-pollinated seeds. Under the mixed mating model, selfing rate was significantly different from zero although outcrossing accounted for 94% of all zygotes formed. The parental fixation index was significantly lower than zero, indicating heterozygote excess. A limited number of parents was shown to participate in the matings. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP Fady, B (reprint author), INRA,UNITE EXPT AMELIORAT ARBRES FORESTIERS MEDITERRAN,DOMAINE RUSCAS 4935,ROUTE DOM,F-83230 BORMES MIMOSAS,FRANCE. OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 54 IS 7 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1051/forest:19970705 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YG090 UT WOS:A1997YG09000005 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Acock, MC Acock, B AF Wang, ZC Acock, MC Acock, B TI Phases of development to flowering in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) under various temperatures SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE days to flower; opium poppy; Papaver somniferum L.; phases of flower development; photoperiod; temperature AB Development up to flowering in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has been divided into four phases from emergence to anthesis which mark changes in its sensitivity to photoperiod: a photoperiod-insensitive juvenile phase (JP), a photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase (PSP), a photoperiod-sensitive post-inductive phase (PSPP) and a photoperiod-insensitive post-inductive phase (PIPP). To predict flowering lime under field conditions, it is essential to know how these phases are affected by temperature. Plants were grown in artificially-lit growth chambers and received three different temperature treatments: 15/10, 20/15 and 25/20 degrees C in a 12 h thermoperiod. Plants were transferred within each temperature regime from a non-inductive 9 h to an inductive 16 h photoperiod or vice versa sa at 1-4 d intervals to determine the durations of the four phases. Temperature did not affect the duration of the first two phases (i.e. JP lasted 3-4 d and PSP required 4-5 d). The most significant effect of temperature was on the duration of PSPP which was 28, 20 and 17 d at 15/10, 20/15 and 25/20 degrees C, respectively. The temperature effect on PIPP was small (maximum difference of 3 d between treatments) and the data too variable to indicate a significant trend. Our results indicate that PSPP is the only phase that clearly exhibits sensitivity to temperature. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. RP Wang, ZC (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1006/anbo.1997.0490 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ513 UT WOS:A1997XZ51300020 ER PT J AU Annous, BA Becker, LA Bayles, DO Labeda, DP Wilkinson, BJ AF Annous, BA Becker, LA Bayles, DO Labeda, DP Wilkinson, BJ TI Critical role of anteiso-C-15:0 fatty acid in the growth of Listeria monocytogenes at low temperatures SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ADAPTATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHAIN; BACTERIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEHYDROGENASE; METABOLISM; MEMBRANE; MUTANT AB Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, Membrane lipid fatty acids are major determinants of a sufficiently fluid membrane state to allow growth at low temperatures. L. monocytogenes was characterized by a fatty acid profile dominated to an unusual extent (>95%) by branched-chain fatty acids, with the major fatty acids being anteiso-C-15:0, anteiso-C-17:0, and iso C-15:0 in cultures grown in complex or defined media at 37 degrees C, Determination of the fatty acid composition of L. monocytogenes 10403S and SLCC 53 grown over the temperature range 45 to 5 degrees C revealed two modes of adaptation of fatty acid composition to lower growth temperatures: (i) shortening of fatty acid chain length and (ii) alteration of branching from iso to anteiso. Two transposon Tn917-induced cold-sensitive mutants incapable of growth at low temperatures had dramatically altered fatty acid compositions with low levels of i-C-15:0, a-C-15:0, and a-C-17:0 and high levels of i-C-14:0, C-14:0, i-C-16:0, and C-16:0. The levels of a-C-15:0 and a-C-17:0 and the ability to grow at low temperatures were restored by supplementing media with 2-methylbutyric acid, presumably because it acted as a precursor of methylbutyryl coenzyme A, the primer for synthesis of anteiso odd-numbered fatty acids, When mid-exponential-phase 10403S cells grown at 37 degrees C were temperature down-shocked to 5 degrees C they were able, for the most part, to reinitiate growth before the membrane fatty acid composition had reset to a composition more typical for low-temperature growth. No obvious evidence was found for a role for fatty acid unsaturation in adaptation of L. monocytogenes to cold temperature, The switch to a fatty acid profile dominated by a-C-15:0 at low temperatures and the association of cold sensitivity with deficiency of a-C-15:0 focus attention on the critical role of this fatty acid in growth of L. monocytogenes in the cold, presumably through its physical properties and their effects, in maintaining a fluid, liquid-crystalline state of the membrane lipids. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MICROBIOL GRP,NORMAL,IL 61790. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. FU PHS HHS [1 R15 A135778-01] NR 34 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3887 EP 3894 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300022 PM 9327552 ER PT J AU Henriksson, G Akin, DE Hanlin, RT Rodriguez, C Archibald, DD Rigsby, LL Eriksson, KEL AF Henriksson, G Akin, DE Hanlin, RT Rodriguez, C Archibald, DD Rigsby, LL Eriksson, KEL TI Identification and retting efficiencies of fungi isolated from dew-retted flax in the United States and Europe SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Seven strains of filamentous fungi and one yeast were isolated from flax that was dew retted in the United States. These filamentous fungi were subcultured to purity and identified, and six appear not to have been reported earlier as isolates from dew-retted flax, Five of the purified U.S. strains, two fungi isolated from flax that was dew retted in Europe, and a laboratory culture of Aspergillus sojae were tested for their ability to ret flax stems, The monocultures were evaluated for the degree of retting, fiber strength, dry weight loss, and tactile response (i.e., feel of softness) as reflected in the retted fiber, Structural modifications of representative samples of the retted Bar were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. All of the filamentous fungi were able to carry out some retting, whereas the isolated yeast could not. All organisms produced pectinases when they were cultivated in shake flasks on ball-milled flax as the sole carbon source, Some fungi also produced cellulases, mannanases, and xylanases, Rhizomucor pusillus and Fusarium lateritium were noteworthy as retting organisms by their high level of pectinase activity, ability to attack noncellulosic cell types without attacking cellulose, capacity to penetrate the cuticular surface of the stem, and efficient fiber release from the core, The results indicated that these organisms deserve further study as potential organisms for retting of bast fibers in industrial applications. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. AGR RES SERV,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30604. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3950 EP 3956 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300032 PM 16535708 ER PT J AU Berry, ED Siragusa, GR AF Berry, ED Siragusa, GR TI Hydroxyapatite adherence as a means to concentrate bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-SANGUIS; ACTINOMYCES-NAESLUNDII; RAPID DETECTION; SURFACES; SALIVA; HYDROXYLAPATITE; ATTACHMENT; SALMONELLA; ADSORPTION; VISCOSUS AB Adherence to hydroxyapatite (HA) was examined as a method to concentrate bacteria from foods. Using HA at a level of 10% and suspensions of an Escherichia coli strain containing 10(9), 10(6), and 10(3) cells per mi, kinetic studies revealed that maximum adherence was attained within 5 min for all cell concentrations and that comparable log reductions (1.0 to 1.5) of cells in suspension were seen regardless of initial cell concentration. Eleven species of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria were found to adhere to HA, with seven species adhering at proportions of greater than 95%. Fluorescent viability staining revealed that cells bound to HA remained viable. There was greater than 92% adherence of indigenous bacteria to HA from three of five 1:10 dilutions of ground beef, indicating promise for the use of HA for concentrating bacteria from meat and other food samples. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4069 EP 4074 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XY723 UT WOS:A1997XY72300051 PM 9327570 ER PT J AU Wilson, CL Thomsen, J Hoivik, DJ Wormke, MT Stanker, L Holtzapple, C Safe, SH AF Wilson, CL Thomsen, J Hoivik, DJ Wormke, MT Stanker, L Holtzapple, C Safe, SH TI Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) nonresponsiveness in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-Mb-231 cells is associated with expression of a variant Arnt protein SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE variant Arnt; ER-negative; human breast cancer cells ID HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; LINES; GROWTH; PROGRESSION; INDUCTION AB Several studies have reported a correlation between expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) responsiveness in human breast cancer cell lines. MDA-MB-231 cells are ER-negative and Ah-nonresponsive; however, initial studies showed that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced CYP1A1 mRNA levels (5.8-fold) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity (2.6-fold) in high passage (Hp, >50 passages) cells transiently transfected with an Ah-responsive plasmid. In contrast, no induction responses were observed in low passage (Lp, <20 passages) cells. The Ah responsiveness of Hp compared to Lp MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with a >2-fold increased expression of the Ah receptor in Hp cells, Further analysis revealed that the apparent molecular weight of the Ah receptor mRNA transcript and immunoreactive protein were comparable in Lp MDA-MB-231 and Ah-responsive human HepG2 cells. In contrast, RT-PCR analysis of the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) protein showed that HepG2 cells expressed the expected 2.6-kb transcript, whereas a 1.3-kb transcript was the major product in MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that HepG2 cells primarily expressed a 97-kDa wild-type form of Arnt, whereas a dominant 36-kDa variant was expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Complete sequence analysis of the variant form of Arnt revealed a major deletion of the C-terminal region of the protein (aa 330 to 789), Like HepG2 cells, the wild-type 2.6-kb transcript was detected in ER-positive (Ah-responsive) MCF-7 cells, whereas the low-molecular-weight variant Arnt was dominant in ER-negative MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cells, These results suggest that expression of this protein may be useful as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. AGR RES SERV,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA64081]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03843] NR 49 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 346 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1006/abbi.1997.0289 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YA566 UT WOS:A1997YA56600009 PM 9328285 ER PT J AU Barrow, JR Havstad, KM Hubstenberger, J McCaslin, BD AF Barrow, JR Havstad, KM Hubstenberger, J McCaslin, BD TI Seed-borne fungal endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE arid ecology; endophytic fungi; fertility; germination; land restoration; mycorrhizae; mutualism; native plants; plant nutrition; saprophytic fungi; symbiosis ID PLANTS AB Fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nun., produces copious quantities of small seed, with minimal nutrient reserves, protected in a hard porous capsule (utricle) that aids in dispersal. At germination, saprophytic fungi simultaneously colonize the utricle, testa, and root cortex cells of the emerging radicles. Seedling vigor was determined by measuring hypocotyl and radicle lengths after germination on minimal carbon or cellulose-supplemented medium. Comparisons were made between seedlings from utricle-excised and intact seed. Comparisons were also made between surface-sterilized and nonsterile excised seed. Minimal growth responses were observed in germinating seedlings from excised seeds on minimal carbon medium. Fungi, utricles, and cellulose supplementation positively affected seedling vigor. The results support a hypothesis that septate fungi recycle utricles and access organic carbon for seedling establishment. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA YM476 UT WOS:000071067300001 ER PT J AU Klopatek, CC Klopatek, JM AF Klopatek, CC Klopatek, JM TI Nitrifiers and mycorrhizae in pristine and grazed pinyon-juniper ecosystems SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizae; grazing effects; MPN technique; N mineralization; semiarid southwestern ecosystems; soil microbes; VA mycorrhizae ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION POTENTIALS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMAX ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND SOILS; PONDEROSA PINE; INHIBITION; AMMONIUM AB We compared soils from grazed and pristine pinyon-juniper ecosystems for the numbers of chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria and determined the distribution of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae (EM). Additionally, we report on the presence of allelopathic substances in organic horizons. Ammonium (NH4(+))-oxidizing bacteria were in greater numbers in the interspaces between the trees, ranging from 9.60 x 10(4) to 2.13 x 10(5) bacteria(-1) soil, than under canopies, 3.5 x 10(4) to 4.8 x 10(4) bacteria(-1) soil. Grazed interspace soils had over twice the number of NH4(+) oxidizing bacteria than any other location. There were no differences in the numbers of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria between either vegetative covers or sites. The rate of nitrate production did nor correlate with the number of nitrifiers. However, there was a significant correlation (r(2) = 0.85) between mineralization coefficients of total nitrogen and the total number of nitrifiers. Fourteen known and ten unknown monoterpenes were found in soils from under pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) and juniperus [Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little] canopies. VA mycorrhizal spore numbers were significantly greater under canopies than in interspace soils at both sites, with the lowest number recorded in grazed interspace soils. No differences were found in the degree of colonization of either EM or VA mycorrhizae on pinyon pine or juniper, respectively, between each site. The differences in the spatial distribution of nitrifiers and mycorrhizae emphasize the complexities of the belowground ecosystem in these woodlands despite their apparent aboveground structural simplicity. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Microbiol, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Klopatek, CC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Microbiol, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA YM476 UT WOS:000071067300003 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Gohh, RY Tsai, MY HopkinsGarcia, BJ Nadeau, MR Bianchi, LA Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Bostom, AG Gohh, RY Tsai, MY HopkinsGarcia, BJ Nadeau, MR Bianchi, LA Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Excess prevalence of fasting and postmethionine-loading hyperhomocysteinemia in stable renal transplant recipients SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; renal function; folate; vitamin B-6 ID CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATION; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; GENETIC RISK FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE AB Hyperhomocysteinemia, either fasting or after methionine loading, may contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease events experienced by renal transplant recipients. Limited data are available on fasting homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and none on postmethionine-loading Hcy levels, in these patients. We assessed the prevalence and potential determinants of fasting and postmethionine-loading hyperhomocysteinemia in 29 stable renal transplant recipients and 58 age- and sex-matched, population-based controls free of renal disease with serum creatinine levels of 1.5 mg/dL or less. Total (t) plasma Hcy was determined fasting and 2 hours after methionine loading, along with fasting determinations of the B-vitamin cofactors/substrates for Hcy metabolism, ie, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, B-12, and folate and serum creatinine. Geometric mean fasting (18.1 versus 9.8 mu M, P<.001) and postmethionine-loading increase (22.0 versus 15.2, P=.001) in tHcy levels were significantly greater in the renal transplant recipients, as were the prevalence odds (with 95% confidence intervals) for fasting [14.8 (3.4-64.7)], postmethionine loading [6.9 (1.5-32.8)], combined fasting and postmethionine-loading [18.0 (2.3-142.1)] hyperhomocysteinemia, and inadequate circulating folate [4.2 (1.1-16.5)] or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [3.2 (0.9-11.0) status. Correlation analyses suggested important potential relationships between creatinine and both fasting (+0.64, P<.001) and postmethionine-load increase (+0.38, P=.045) in tHcy, folate and fasting (-0.41, P=.025) tHcy, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and postmethionine-loading increase (-0.33, P=.091) in tHcy. We conclude that there is an excess prevalence of fasting and postmethionine-loading hyperhomocysteinemia in stable renal transplant recipients. Renal function is related to both fasting and postmethionine loading-hyperhomocysteinemia, inadequate folate status is associated with fasting hyperhomocysteinemia, and inadequate vitamin B-6 status may be related to postmethionine-loading hyperhomocysteinemia in this patient population. C1 TUFTS NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA. RHODE ISL HOSP,DIV RENAL DIS & TRANSPLANT SERV,PROVIDENCE,RI. UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 69 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1894 EP 1900 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YE282 UT WOS:A1997YE28200008 PM 9351351 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, LA McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, LA McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ TI Lipids and lipoproteins as risk factors for atherosclerosis: New biochemical and genetic markers SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,JM,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)88158-0 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10600036 ER PT J AU Aguilar, CA PedroBotet, J Ordovas, JM Talavera, G Guillen, LM Barriguete, JA Leco, ME GonzalezBarranco, J GomezPerez, FJ Rull, JA AF Aguilar, CA PedroBotet, J Ordovas, JM Talavera, G Guillen, LM Barriguete, JA Leco, ME GonzalezBarranco, J GomezPerez, FJ Rull, JA TI The apolipoprotein E4 allele is not associated with an atherogenic lipid profile in a native-American population following its traditional lifestyle SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST NACL NUTR,DEPT DIABET & METAB LIPIDOS,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10600283 ER PT J AU Campos, H DAgostino, M Ordovas, JM AF Campos, H DAgostino, M Ordovas, JM TI Effects of saturated fat intake and apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the plasma lipoprotein profile in Costa Rica SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,JM,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)88460-2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10600340 ER PT J AU Seman, LJ DeLuca, C Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, LA Schaefer, EJ AF Seman, LJ DeLuca, C Ordovas, JM Wilson, PWF Cupples, LA Schaefer, EJ TI A comparison of lipoprotein (a) cholesterol levels and sinking prebeta lipopro with heart disease risk in the Framingham heart study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,J M USDA HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 150 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)88798-9 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10600675 ER PT J AU Jansen, S LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Blanco, A Ostos, M Castro, P Baena, JC LopezSegura, F JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F AF Jansen, S LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Blanco, A Ostos, M Castro, P Baena, JC LopezSegura, F JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F TI Effect of the apolipoprotein A-IV 360 (Gln/HIS) polymorphism on plasma lipid response to dietary fat SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CORDOBA,HOSP REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,JM,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 329 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)89685-2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10601514 ER PT J AU Castro, P Miranda, JL Ordovas, JM Marin, C Blanco, A Salas, J Sanchez, E JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F AF Castro, P Miranda, JL Ordovas, JM Marin, C Blanco, A Salas, J Sanchez, E JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F TI Effects of the human apolipoprotein A-I promoter G/A mutation on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 337 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)89724-9 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10601553 ER PT J AU LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Blanco, A Fuentes, F Velasco, MJ Pinillos, D LopezSegura, F JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F AF LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Blanco, A Fuentes, F Velasco, MJ Pinillos, D LopezSegura, F JimenezPereperez, J PerezJimenez, F TI Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in the apolipoprotein A-IV gene locus SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 340 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)89739-0 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10601567 ER PT J AU McNamara, JR Shah, PK Tayler, TD Daly, J Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF McNamara, JR Shah, PK Tayler, TD Daly, J Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Statin therapy reduces concentrations of remnant-like particles SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,JM USDA HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 346 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)89768-7 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY106 UT WOS:A1997XY10601596 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL Verner, J Oring, LW AF Purcell, KL Verner, J Oring, LW TI A comparison of the breeding ecology of birds nesting in boxes and tree cavities SO AUK LA English DT Article ID FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; CLUTCH-SIZE; HOUSE WRENS; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; EASTERN BLUEBIRDS; NATURAL CAVITIES; SIALIA-SIALIS; SUCCESS; PREDATION AB We compared laying date, nesting success, clutch size, and productivity of four bird species that nest in boxes and tree cavities to examine whether data from nest boxes are comparable with data from tree cavities. Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) gained the most advantage from nesting in boxes. They initialed egg laying earlier, had higher nesting success, lower predation rates, and fledged marginally more young in boxes than in cavities but did not have larger clutches or hatch more eggs. Plain Titmice (Parus inornatus) nesting in boxes had marginally lower predation rates, hatched more eggs, and fledged more young. They did not have higher overall nesting success, nor did they initiate clutches significantly earlier in boxes. House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) nesting in boxes laid larger clutches, hatched more eggs, and fledged more young and had marginally higher nesting success and lower predation rates. Ash-throated Flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens) experienced no apparent benefits from nesting in boxes versus cavities, No significant relationships were found between clutch size and bottom area or volume of cavities for any of these species. These results suggest that researchers should use caution when extrapolating results from nest-box studies of reproductive success, predation rates, and productivity of cavity-nesting birds. Given the different responses of these four species to nesting in boxes, the effects of the addition of nest boxes on community structure also should be considered. C1 UNIV NEVADA,PROGRAM ECOL EVOLUT & CONSERVAT BIOL,RENO,NV 89512. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,2081 E SIERRA AVE,FRESNO,CA 93710, USA. RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 NR 71 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 646 EP 656 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA YA451 UT WOS:A1997YA45100011 ER PT J AU Danforth, HD Watkins, K Martin, A Dekich, M AF Danforth, HD Watkins, K Martin, A Dekich, M TI Evaluation of the efficacy of Eimeria maxima oocyst immunization with different strains of day-old broiler and roaster chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE immunization; coccidia; avian; control; anticoccidial; drug resistance AB The performances of three different strains of male and female broiler or roaster chickens immunized at 1 day of age with a drug-resistant field isolate of Eimeria maxima were evaluated in battery and floorpen immunization trials. No difference in immunization potential was seen between these strains or sexes of day-old chickens immunized with 2500 oocysts/bird of E. maxima and challenged at 10 days of age with 25,000 oocysts/ bird of the same isolate in two separate battery trials. All immunized birds showed significant: protection for the parameters of weight gain and midintestinal lesion scores at 7 days post challenge (PC) when compared with nonimmunized challenged controls. In two separate floorpen trials, one broiler bird strain (designated strain 2) immunized by the same procedure and challenged at 21 days of age with the equivalent of 25,000 oocysts/bird of the same isolate showed significant protection for weight gain and lesion scores at 7 days PC when compared with nonimmunized controls. Birds in these same floorpen experiments immunized with E. maxima and then fed three different anticoccidial shuttle diets (narasin and nicarbazin 90 grams/ton (g/t) in starter feed and narasin 72 g/t + roxarsone 45.4 g/t in grower feed; nicarbazin 113 g/t in starter feed and narasin 72 g/t + roxarsone 45.4 g/t in grower feed; and monensin 100 g/t in starter and grower feed) showed no interference with elicited immunity with E. maxima challenge for the same parameters measured. No significant difference was seen between any floorpen immunized bird groups for total weight gain at trial terminations (49 days of age). C1 USDA, ARS, LPSI, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lilly Corp Ctr, Elanco Anim Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Embrex Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Perdue Farms Inc, Salisbury, MD 21802 USA. RP Danforth, HD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, LPSI, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 792 EP 801 DI 10.2307/1592331 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500003 PM 9454911 ER PT J AU Wu, P Lee, LF Reed, WM AF Wu, P Lee, LF Reed, WM TI Serological characteristics of a membrane glycoprotein gp82 of Marek's disease virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; glycoprotein ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUSES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; TYPE-1; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; PROTEINS; HOMOLOG AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated herpesvirus of gallinaceous fowl. Glycoproteins of herpesviruses have been reported to be important in stimulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against viral infection. At least eight glycoproteins of MDV have been identified, and glycoprotein B (gB) has been reported to produce protective immunity. In addition to glycoproteins, other cell membrane proteins may also be important for engendering immunity. In an attempt to determine whether the protein is involved in immune responses, we developed three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific for MDV membrane protein gp82. Three Mabs (Mab2.1, 3.7, and 5.7) were produced by using TrpEgp82 fusion protein as the immunogen that was expressed by recombinant pATH expression vector pATHgp82 in Escherichia coli. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis were used to determine the characteristics of gp82. All of the Mabs reacted with gp82 protein irrespective of its conformation. The gp82 protein was predominantly anchored on the surface membrane of a chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) infected with serotype 1 MDV (MDV-1). There was no detectable immunofluorescence staining in the cytoplasm or nucleus in the MDV-1-infected CEFs. These results indicate that gp82 is a membrane protein. The distribution pattern of immunofluorescence staining of gp82 varies between CEFs infected with the low passage MDV-1 isolate Md11, and those infected with a high passage derivative, Md11/75c. In SB-1 (Serotype 2 MDV [MDV-2]) and Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) (serotype 3 MDV [MDV-3]) infected CEFs, gp82 was not detected by immunoprecipitation, Western blot, or IFA using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These results suggest that gp82 in serotype 2 or 3 has a modified epitope, or that the gene is permanently repressed. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 EI 1938-4351 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 824 EP 831 DI 10.2307/1592335 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500007 PM 9454915 ER PT J AU Branton, SL Lott, BD May, JD Maslin, WR Boyle, CR Pharr, GT AF Branton, SL Lott, BD May, JD Maslin, WR Boyle, CR Pharr, GT TI The effects of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, and the dual infection in commercial layer hens over a 44-week laying cycle when challenged before beginning of lay. I. Egg production and selected egg quality parameters SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; organism; puller; vaccination; mixed infection ID VACCINATION; CHICKENS AB In each of two trials, 160 commercial pullers were separated into four treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. Forty pullers were designated as controls and received no inoculation; 40 other pullets received F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG); an additional 40 pullets received Mycoplasma synoviae (MS); and the final 40 pullers were inoculated with both FMG and MS (dual). Hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded in each trial through an entire laying cycle. No significant difference was observed among the treatments for hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, or Haugh unit scores. Significant differences were observed for pimpling incidence among controls (1.63%), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected (2.09%), and dual-infected hens (2.41%). A significant difference in blood/meat spot incidence was observed between MG-infected hens (0.27%) and dual-infected hens (0.45%). Histopathologic examination of the ovary and all segments of the oviduct revealed no significant differences among the treatments. These results suggest that the majority of the hen reproductive tract functions similarly in FMG-vaccinated, MS-infected, or dual-infected hens as compared with Mycoplasma-clean hens. C1 USDA, ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 832 EP 837 DI 10.2307/1592336 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500008 PM 9454916 ER PT J AU Morishita, TY Aye, PP Harr, BS Cobb, CW Clifford, JR AF Morishita, TY Aye, PP Harr, BS Cobb, CW Clifford, JR TI Evaluation of an avian-specific probiotic to reduce the colonization and shedding of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE probiotic; Campylobacter; Campylobacter jejuni shedding; Campylobacter jejuni colonization; competitive exclusion; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Streptococcus faecium ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; POULTRY MEAT; CHICKENS; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INHIBITION; BACTERIA AB Campylobacter jejuni has often been responsible for human gastroenteritis. Poultry have often been implicated as a source for these human infections. Intestinal colonization of C. jejuni in the chicken plays a role in carcass contamination during slaughter. Thus, reducing C. jejuni colonization in chickens can potentially reduce the incidence of C. jejuni infections in humans. The use of probiotics to competitively exclude the colonization of intestinal pathogens has been proposed for poultry. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an avian-specific probiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus faecium for reducing the shedding and colonization of C. jejuni in the chicken intestinal tract. Day-old chicks were randomly allocated into either a probiotic-treated group or a control group. The treated group was given probiotic from day 1 to day 3, and the control group was not given any probiotic. Six hours after the first oral administration of probiotics (treatment) or double distilled water (control), these chicks were challenged with C. jejuni. The frequency of the C. jejuni shedding was monitored until market age. Intestinal colonization was determined for the two experimental groups at slaughter. Results indicated that chickens given probiotics from day 1 to day 3 had a 70% reduction in the frequency of C. jejuni shedding in colonized chicks (P = 0.0001) and a 27% reduction in jejunal colonization in colonized chicks (P = 0.0001) at slaughter when compared with the control group. Thus, the use of the avian-specific probiotic containing L. acidophilus and S. faecium can reduce the colonization and frequency of fecal shedding of C. jejuni in market-aged broilers. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Loveland Ind Inc, Greeley, CO 80632 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Pickerington, OH 43147 USA. RP Morishita, TY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 23 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.2307/1592338 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500010 PM 9454918 ER PT J AU Stone, H Mitchell, B Brugh, M AF Stone, H Mitchell, B Brugh, M TI In ovo vaccination of chicken embryos with experimental Newcastle disease and avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE vaccines; avian influenza; Newcastle disease; oil emulsion; chick embryo; in ovo ID VIRUS; EFFICACY; TURKEYS AB Inactivated oil-emulsion (OE) Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) vaccines were injected into 18-day-old white rock (WR) and white leghorn (WL) chicken embryos to evaluate their immunologic efficacy and their effects on hatchability. Embryonating eggs were inoculated at 1.5 inches depth with various vaccine volumes and antigen concentrations. Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers were first detected in chickens at 2 wk posthatch. Protection against morbidity and mortality was demonstrated in all of 10 chickens vaccinated as embryos and challenged with viscerotropic velogenic ND virus at 53 days of age and also in all of eight in ovo-vaccinated chickens challenged with highly pathogenic AI virus at 34 days of age. ALL of five unvaccinated control chickens for each respective ND-and AT-vaccinated group died. In pooled groups from successive hatches, the hatchability of WR or WL embryos injected with 100 mu l of vaccine was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from unvaccinated hatchmate controls when needle gauges of 22, 20, and 18 were used. Seroconversion rates of chickens vaccinated as embryos ranged from 27% to 100% with ND vaccination and 85% to 100% for AI vaccination. For ND, geometric mean HI titers of chickens per vaccine group ranged from 11 to 733, and in pooled groups, the range was 49 ro 531. Titers for AI vaccine groups ranged from 156 to 1178. This study demonstrated that acceptable hatchability, seroconversion rates, and protective immunity can be attained with in ovo inoculation of ND or AT OE vaccines if the vaccines are prepared with sufficient antigen and administered properly. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Stone, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 856 EP 863 DI 10.2307/1592339 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500011 PM 9454919 ER PT J AU Gregory, E Barnhart, H Dreesen, DW Stern, NJ Corn, JL AF Gregory, E Barnhart, H Dreesen, DW Stern, NJ Corn, JL TI Epidemiological study of Campylobacter spp. in broilers: Source, time of colonization, and prevalence SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; epidemiology; poultry broilers; broiler production ID JEJUNI; CHICKEN; CONTAMINATION; INFECTION; FLOCKS; FARMS AB From October 1993 to August 1994, broiler chickens in four grow-out houses, two previously used (houses 1 and 2) and two newly constructed (houses 3 and 4), were used in a study to determine the source, time of infection, and prevalence of Campylobacter spp. Cecal droppings and cecal samples were obtained from the broilers. Samples were also obtained from water, feed, litter, soil, fans, and workers' boots. Samples were obtained from domestic animals and wildlife species (rectal swabs), including insects, on or near the premises. Broilers in houses 2, 3, and 4 became infected in the second or third week and were fully colonized by day 42. Campylobacter appeared in house 1 during week 2 in a low percentage of the birds, disappearing by the fourth week. Isolates were also recovered from domestic pigs and water on this farm. In house 3, the organism was isolated from workers' boots and a wild bird prior to isolation from the broilers. Following isolation from ceca droppings, the organism was isolated from water, feed, litter, feathers, flies, cattle, feces, and wild animals. In house 2, Campylobacter was isolated from cattle feces and wild birds prior to week 5, when the broilers first became infected, and thereafter from water, feed, insect, and wildlife, and cecal droppings. It was subsequently isolated from workers' boots, cattle feces, feathers, insects, and other wildlife. All ceca taken from 20 birds each from houses 2 and 3 were positive at time of slaughter (day 49). All ceca from house 1 were negative. No ceca were collected from birds originating in house 4. No specific source could be identified from the samples obtained, although apparently the organism permeates the environment and several potential sources are discussed in this paper. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, S Atlantic Area, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Gregory, E (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 25 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.2307/1592343 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500015 PM 9454923 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Myszewski, MA Barnhart, HM Dreesen, DW AF Stern, NJ Myszewski, MA Barnhart, HM Dreesen, DW TI Flagellin A gene restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates from broiler production sources SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broiler chicken; Campylobacter spp.; flagellin A gene; flaA; restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ID CHICKEN; JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; FARMS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the potential reservoirs for Campylobacter spp. that provide the initial sources involved with broiler chicken colonization during poultry production. We characterized the flagellin A gene (flaA) of the organism by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for 59 isolates of the bacterium provided during an epidemiological study. Isolates were obtained from three broiler production houses existing at separate locations. They were cultured and isolated from other (nonbroiler) domestic farm animals, wild birds, rodents, feed, farmers' boots, chicken feathers, and chicken intestinal materials. Eight distinctive flaA types were found in two Of the houses. In one house, at least five flaA types (4,6,8,15, and 21) were characterized from the poultry production environment, with three types isolated and identified from the chicken intestinal tract. flaA type 15 was found in flies, on boots, and in chicken intestinal samples. In another house, a distinctive diversity of flaA types existed (4,7,43, and 53). At least three flaA types found in samples from chicken intestinal tracts were also found in warm-blooded animals outside of the poultry house (domesticated animals, wild birds, and vermin). C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 899 EP 905 DI 10.2307/1592344 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500016 PM 9454924 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Beck, JR Mickle, TR AF Swayne, DE Beck, JR Mickle, TR TI Efficacy of recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine in protecting chickens against a highly pathogenic Mexican-origin H5N2 avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of US-Animal-Health-Association CY 1996 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS SP US Anim Hlth Asoc DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; vaccine; fowl pox; chickens; recombinant vaccine; biotechnology; highly pathogenic ID OIL-EMULSION VACCINES; LAYING CHICKENS; A VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ; TURKEYS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY AB Internationally and nationally governments and the poultry industries have used various strategies to control avian influenza (Al), ranging from a minimum of living with mildly pathogenic AI virus (AIV) infections to the other extreme of implementing a total quarantine-slaughter approach for eradication of highly pathogenic (HP) forms of the disease. However, recent economic considerations in various countries have prompted a broader reevaluation of vaccination as one of several tools to be used in AI control programs, including H5 and H7 HP AI. In the current study, 1-day-old chickens were immunized with a recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine containing a hemagglutinin gene insert (Vector-HA) from an H5 AIV. Vector-HA-and negative control (vector-control)-vaccinated chicks were challenged with a HP H5N2 AUV isolated from chickens in Mexico. All immunized chickens were antibody negative on the agar gel precipitin test, indicating that vaccination would not interfere with routine AI serologic surveillance programs in the United States. However, in the hemagglutinin-inhibition test, a few immunized chickens (8%) had low serologic titers. Protection against illness (90-100%) and death (90-100%) was provided by the vector-HA vaccine from 3 wk of age to the end of the 20-wk study. The number of chickens shedding the challenge AIV from their enteric tracts was significantly reduced (50-75%) and the quantity of challenge AIV shed from respiratory and enteric tracts was significantly reduced (10(1)-10(2.1) mean embryo lethal dose/ml) in most vector-HA vaccine groups when compared with vector-control groups. Furthermore, vector-HA vaccination reduced in contact transmission of HP AI challenge virus to both vector-HA- and vector-control-vaccinated chickens. These findings indicate the recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine can be a useful cool in an AI control program by preventing illness and death in chickens and reducing intestinal and respiratory shedding of H5 AIV. However, for an AI control program co be successful, enhanced biosecurity and surveillance must be practiced, and the vaccine's use must be controlled by an industry and/or government task force. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Select Labs Inc, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 910 EP 922 DI 10.2307/1592346 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500018 PM 9454926 ER PT J AU Branton, SL Lott, BD Austin, FW Pharr, GT AF Branton, SL Lott, BD Austin, FW Pharr, GT TI Effect of drinking water containing ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate on Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolation in experimentally infected broiler chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MG; infection; fowl; pH; poultry ID FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; F-STRAIN; EXPOSURE AB In each of three trials, 150 day-old broiler chicks were eyedrop inoculated with 0.04 ml of high-passage F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and housed in biological isolation units at 10 chicks per unit. At 4 wk of age, 50 chickens were designated as controls and remained on tap water (pH 7.30), 50 chickens were provided tap water containing 0.63% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, pH 6.91), and 50 chickens were provided tap water containing 1.26% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, pH 8.17). Fluids were supplied for an libitum consumption. At 5 wk of age, all chickens were swabbed from the choanal cleft for MG isolation and bled from the left cutanea ulnea vein for pH determination. As a percent of total swabs obtained, significantly fewer chickens that consumed water containing NH4Cl (38.3%) were positive for MG by culture compared with either the NaHCO3 group (61.3%) or the control group (67.6%). Nonmycoplasmal swab contamination was significantly higher for chickens that consumed water containing NH4Cl (59.7%) compared with either controls (31.8%) or NaHCO3-treated chickens (38.7%). When contaminated cultures were discarded, MG isolations from the tap water group were not significantly different from MG isolations from either the NH4Cl or NaHCO3 group. However, MG isolations from the NH4Cl group (95%) were significantly less compared with the NaHCO3 group (100%). Mortality was significantly higher in chickens that consumed water containing NaHCO3 (8.7%) compared with either controls (1.3%) or the NH4Cl-treated chickens (0.7%). Blood pH values were lower for the NH4Cl group (7.927), higher for the NaHCO3 group (8.093), and intermediate for controls (8.035). Results of this study suggest that water containing NH4Cl hinders the bacteriological recovery of MG from the choanal cleft. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 930 EP 934 DI 10.2307/1592348 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500020 PM 9454928 ER PT J AU Rimler, RB Kunkle, RA AF Rimler, RB Kunkle, RA TI Passive immune protection of turkeys against coryza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkey coryza; Bordetella avium; toxin; passive immune protection ID BORDETELLA-AVIUM; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; DERMONECROTIC TOXIN; BRONCHISEPTICA; PURIFICATION; POULTS AB Antisera made against whole cells of Bordetella avium protected turkeys against disease signs of turkey coryza, but antiserum against the dermonecrotic heat-labile toxin (DHLT) did not. Neither antiserum against whole cells nor antiserum against DHLT protected turkeys against colonization of the trachea by B. avium. At least 25 bands in whole cell lysate of B. avium separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) reacted in immunoblots with protective antiserum. These bands occurred at <40 kDa and >105.3 kDa. DHLT had an isoelectric point (pI) in the range pH 6.3-6.7. Following SDS-PAGE of isoelectric-focused fractions, two bands were recognized by anti-DHLT with immunoblots of pI 6.3, pI 6.5, and pI 6.7 fractions separated by SDS-PAGE. C1 ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.2307/1592350 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500022 PM 9454930 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Kubena, LF Rottinghaus, GE Turk, JR Casper, HH Buckley, SA AF Harvey, RB Kubena, LF Rottinghaus, GE Turk, JR Casper, HH Buckley, SA TI Moniliformin from Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and deoxynivalenol from naturally contaminated wheat incorporated into diets of broiler chicks SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE mycotoxin; moniliformin; deoxynivaenol; toxicity; broiler chicks ID TOXICITY; SUBGLUTINANS; VOMITOXIN; CORN AB The effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M)/kg of feed from culture material and 16 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg of feed from naturally contaminated wheat were evaluated in growing broiler chicks from 1 day to 21 days of age. Body weight (BW), body-weight gain, and feed consumption were decreased by feeding M and M plus DON diets. Relative heart weight was increased by the M diet, whereas relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, and heart were increased by the M plus DON diet. The M diet increased alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase activities and creatinine concentration and decreased mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The M and DON diet decreased glucose, hemoglobin, and MCHC. Histopathological lesions from the M diet were limited to the kidney and consisted of extensive renal tubular epithelial degeneration plus luminal mineralization. A moderation of the severity of lesions was seen in the tissues of the M plus DON-fed chicks, consisting of generally mild tubular epithelial degeneration. None of the parameters measured were affected by the DON diet. Results indicate additive or less-than-additive toxicity for most parameters when chicks were fed diets containing 100 mg M plus 16 mg DON/kg of feed. Although the concentration of M in this study was high compared with that reported for feedstuffs, additional information on the occurrence and toxicity of M will need to be collected in order to assess the importance of M to the poultry industry. C1 ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 4 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.2307/1592352 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YQ790 UT WOS:000071423500024 PM 9454932 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA AF de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA TI DNA evidence of the origin of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans in the Americas SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Varroa jacobsoni; honey bees; randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; genetic variability ID POPULATIONS; BRAZIL AB Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to examine possible origin of Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans in the Americas. Among 64 primers screened, 2 primers provided variation which was informative for this study, All V. jacobsoni collected from the United Stares had the same banding pattern to that of mires collected from Russia, Morocco, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Portugal (Russian pattern), This banding pattern was different from the pattern found for mites collected from Japan, Brazil, and Puerto Rico (Japanese pattern). The Japanese pattern lacked a 766-bp band found in the Russian pattern (OPE-07). With primer OPP-03, the Russian pattern had a distinct band at 442 bp not found in the Japanese pattern. Two bands located at 675 and 412 bp were specific to the Japanese pattern. These results suggest that the V. jacobsoni of the United States is probably predominantly Russian in origin (via Europe), while the V. jacobsoni of Brazil and Puerto Rico are probably predominantly Japanese in origin. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9-10 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1023/A:1021821821728 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YU528 UT WOS:000071726900004 PM 9475957 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Khan, VA Lu, JY Wilson, CL Pusey, PL Igwegbe, ECK Kabwe, K Mafolo, Y Liu, J Chalutz, E Droby, S AF Stevens, C Khan, VA Lu, JY Wilson, CL Pusey, PL Igwegbe, ECK Kabwe, K Mafolo, Y Liu, J Chalutz, E Droby, S TI Integration of ultraviolet (UV-C) light with yeast treatment for control of postharvest storage rots of fruits and vegetables SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE postharvest disease; radiation; hormesis; antagonist ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INDUCED RESISTANCE; DISEASES; RADIATION AB Applications of low doses of ultraviolet light-C (254 nn, W-C), UV-C in combination with a biocontrol agent, Debaryomyces hansenii, or postharvest fungicides were compared for their ability to reduce the incidences of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola of peach, green mold (Penicillium digitatum) of tangerine, and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) of tomato and sweetpotato that resulted from both held infections and artificial inoculations. W-C light alone reduced the incidence of storage rots of all produce. However, in general, application of the postharvest fungicide benomyl (Benlate 50 DF; methyl-1-(butylcarbomoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate) or dichloran (Botran 75WP; 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline) was more effective than UV-C treatment alone. When the produce were treated with D. hansenii 2 to 3 days after UV-C treatment, the reduction of storage rots was better than when W-C was used alone. The percentage of brown rot infection of ''Elberta'' peaches 36 h after artificial inoculation were untreated control, 100%; UV-C alone, 55%; D. hansenii alone, 67%; W-C + D. hansenii, 12%; and benomyl alone (12%). Because the efficacy of W-C + D. hansenii was comparable to that of the postharvest fungicide used alone, it is indicated that an integration of W-C with the yeast treatment can be as effective as commercial postharvest fungicide treatment in reducing storage rots. Thus, integrated treatment with W-C and the biocontrol agent (yeast) has potential as an alternative means of postharvest disease control. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,NAA,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. VOLCANI CTR,IL-5250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP Stevens, C (reprint author), TUSKEGEE UNIV,TUSKEGEE INST,GWC,AGR EXPT STN,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088, USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0551 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XZ727 UT WOS:A1997XZ72700004 ER PT J AU SantAna, J Bruni, R AbdulBaki, AA Aldrich, JR AF SantAna, J Bruni, R AbdulBaki, AA Aldrich, JR TI Pheromone-induced movement of nymphs of the predator, Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE spined soldier bug; Colorado potato beetle; Mexican bean beetle; Hemiptera; pheromone; augmentation; biological control ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; SAY HETEROPTERA; EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LOW NUMBERS; STINK BUGS; HEMIPTERA; PREY; CHRYSOMELIDAE AB Males of the generalist predator, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (known as the spined soldier bug), attract mates with a pheromone, but the immature stages of the predator also appeared to be attracted. Therefore, attraction of nymphs of P. maculiventris to pheromone was studied in a wind tunnel and in held plots. The behavior of individual nymphs toward pheromone with and without Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemilineata (Say) (Chrysomelidae), and/or potato plants in the airstream was studied in a wind tunnel. Field experiments were performed in plots planted with green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. that were allowed to become naturally infested with Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna vapivestis (Moulsant) (Coccinellidae). Spined soldier bug nymphs were released in the middle row of plots planted for 3 weeks, and three commercial pheromone dispensers were placed outside the thirteenth row of a plot. Podisus maculiventris nymphs were significantly attracted to synthetic pheromone both in the laboratory and in the field. Results of wind tunnel experiments indicated that combining the pheromone with the phytophage significantly increased the positive responses of nymphs compared to the pheromone alone; however, inclusion of damaged or undamaged potato plants with pheromone did not enhance the positive responses to the odor source. Spined soldier bugs released in field plots remained relatively sedentary for the first day after release, but by the end of the 1-week sampling period nymphs had significantly moved into rows nearer the pheromone dispensers. The ability to manipulate immature spined soldier bugs significantly expands the potential for using this generalist predator in integrated pest management programs. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES CTR W,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0549 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XZ727 UT WOS:A1997XZ72700007 ER PT J AU Hansen, RW Richard, RD Parker, PE Wendel, LE AF Hansen, RW Richard, RD Parker, PE Wendel, LE TI Distribution of biological control agents of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in the United States: 1988-1996 SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula; biological control; weeds; insects ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; NORTH-AMERICA; APHTHONA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CATTLE; COLEOPTERA; HISTORY AB Leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae), is a perennial plant native to Eurasia that has become a widespread weed in North America. Since 1988, the United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) has coordinated a classical biological control implementation program against leafy spurge in the United States. Through this program, nine Eurasian insect species have been imported and released in the United States, including six species of flea beetles, Aphthona spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a root-boring moth, Chamaesphecia hungarica (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a root-boring beetle, Oberea erythrocephala (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and a gall midge, Spurgia esulae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). These species have been released in 188 counties in 19 states. Established populations of at least one agent are present in 148 counties in 18 states, while populations of at least one agent in 62 counties in 16 states are large enough to permit collection and distribution to other leafy spurge-infested areas. Biological control agents have been released throughout areas of the United States infested by leafy spurge, and the initial phase of the USDA-APHIS-PPQ implementation program is nearly complete. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA,APHIS,PPQ,MISSION BIOL CONTROL LAB,MISSION,TX 78572. RP Hansen, RW (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,PPQ,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0561 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XZ727 UT WOS:A1997XZ72700008 ER PT J AU Varel, VH AF Varel, VH TI Use of urease inhibitors to control nitrogen loss from livestock waste SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE urea; urease inhibitors; ammonia; cattle manure; swine manure ID PHENYL PHOSPHORODIAMIDATE; MICROBIAL UREASES AB Current waste management systems for cattle feedlots and swine facilities result in nitrogen losses of approx. 75%. Most of this loss occurs through the rapid hydrolysis of urinary nitrogen (urea) to ammonia, which volatilizes into the atmosphere. This contributes to odor; environmental problems, and loss of a valuable fertilizer resource. Urease inhibitors cyclohexylphosphoric triamide (CHPT) and phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPDA) were used to control the hydrolysis of urea in duplicate one-liter slurries of cattle and swine wastes (1:1 g:g feces to urine). With cattle waste (3.3 g urea l(-1)) and swine waste (4.8 g urea l(-1)), both inhibitors at 10 mg l(-1) of waste prevented hydrolysis of the urea for 4-11 days, and then a gradual hydrolysis occurred until complete at day 28. Hydrolysis of urea in untreated cattle or swine waste (controls) was complete within one day. Addition of the inhibitors once per week was the most effective method of preventing urea hydrolysis. Weekly additions of 10, 40 or 100 mg of PPDA per liter of cattle waste (5.6 g urea l(-1)) prevented 38, 48 and 70% of the urea from being hydrolyzed after 28 days, respectively. With swine waste (2.5 g urea l(-1)) these PPDA concentrations prevented 72, 92 and 92% of the urea from being hydrolyzed after 28 days, respectively. PPDA additions were stopped after 49 days, and all urea at the three PPDA concentrations was hydrolyzed after 70 and 84 days for the cattle and swine wastes, respectively. These results offer a strategy for significant control of ammonia emissions from livestock facilities and increasing the fertilizer value of wastes by improving the nitrogen to phosphorous ratio for plant growth. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00130-2 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA YQ368 UT WOS:000071379500002 ER PT J AU Vanden Wymelenberg, AJ Cullen, D Spear, RN Schoenike, B Andrews, JH AF Vanden Wymelenberg, AJ Cullen, D Spear, RN Schoenike, B Andrews, JH TI Expression of green fluorescent protein in Aureobasidium pullulans and quantification of the fungus on leaf surfaces SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID USTILAGO-MAYDIS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; GENE-EXPRESSION; VITAL MARKER; GFP; CLONING AB A red-shifted, mutated form of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of a TEF promoter was expressed at high levels in the filamentous fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. In the three transformants studied, all morphotypes of the fungus, including pigmented chlamydospores, expressed GFP and fluoresced brightly. Confocal microscopy showed that the intracellular distribution of GFP was nonuniform. When applied to leaf surfaces, the transformants were readily visible and amenable to quantification by image analysis. Thus, GFP expression, together with quantitative image analysis, may provide a powerful method for ecological studies of plant-microbe relationships in nature. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 686 EP 690 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YA070 UT WOS:A1997YA07000034 PM 9343693 ER PT J AU Fischer, JB Michael, JL AF Fischer, JB Michael, JL TI Use of ELISA immunoassay kits as a complement to HPLC analysis of imazapyr and triclopyr in water samples from forest watersheds SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE ANALYSIS; PERSISTENCE; PESTICIDES RP Fischer, JB (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 59 IS 4 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XX780 UT WOS:A1997XX78000017 PM 9307427 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI An example of endurance in an old Wolf, Canis lupus SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolf; Canis lupus; Arctic Hare; Lepus arcticus; endurance; predation; hunting behavior; caching AB An 11 to 13-year-old Arctic Wolf (Canis lupus arctos) was observed chasing a young Arctic Hare (Lepus arcticus) for 6 to 7 minutes and catching it. This provides an example of the degree of endurance of which an old wolf is capable. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 111 IS 4 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YL754 UT WOS:000070989500026 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Humber, RA AF Hajek, AE Humber, RA TI Formation and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE azygospores; resting spores; entomopathogenic fungi; Entomophaga maimaiga; Lymantria dispar; biological control ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; ENTOMOPHTHORALEAN RESTING SPORES; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; TEMPERATURE; ZYGOSPORES AB Azygospores (resting spores) of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga are produced in abundance during late spring and early summer in late-instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar). Azygospores subsequently form, each from an individual hyphal body. Development of azygospores occurs asynchronously over several days; by 5 days after host death, greater than 60% of fungal cells had matured from hyphal bodies to the final double-walled resting state. Azygospores undergo constitutive dormancy and, under field conditions, will not germinate for approximately 9 months after production. Azygospores do not require nutrients to germinate. Germination of field-collected resting spores under laboratory conditions began more than 2 days after transfer from the field to the laboratory. Higher levels of germination occurred with a 14 h L : 10 h D cycle compared with 13 h L : 11 h D or 12 h L : 12 h D. Azygospores germinate relatively slowly and germination rates were greatest between 4 and 8 days, with a total of 71.8 or 72.5% germination by 16 days at 14 h L : 10 h D and 15 or 20 degrees C, respectively. During 1994 and 1995, resting spores began causing infections in experimental larvae in early May, about 1-2 weeks prior to gypsy moth egg hatch, and ceased causing infections in mid to late June, when late instars were present. This latter timing is a correction of previously reported information. Bioassays investigating resting spore activity determined that during 1994, once resting spores began germinating in the field, levels of infection were positively associated with soil moisture. C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,US PLANT SOIL NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14850. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1739 EP 1747 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YJ561 UT WOS:A1997YJ56100015 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Dallmer, MF Boswell, T AF Dickey, LC Dallmer, MF Boswell, T TI Liquid transport on a nylon surface moving between liquids through an air-filled chamber SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE continuous adsorption ID ADSORPTION AB The flow rate of liquid carried on a nylon strand moving from a liquid filled space, through an air filled space, to another liquid filled space was determined from measurements of electrical conductance of the separated liquids. The measurements are consistent with the transmission of a liquid layer on the nylon surface of constant thickness, independent of surface velocity. The layer thickness is low enough that an adsorptive strand can carry adsorbate from a solution at a practical rate. The effective concentration of solution taken from an adsorption chamber by a saturated adsorbent strand is estimated to be at Least 5.8 (lambda/S) times the chamber concentration, where lambda is the chamber length and S the line speed. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA ON K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 5 BP 964 EP 968 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YF279 UT WOS:A1997YF27900017 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Lee, EH AF Grulke, NE Lee, EH TI Assessing visible ozone-induced foliar injury in ponderosa pine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; GROWTH; CHLOROPHYLL; EXTRACTION; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS; WIDTH AB Chlorotic mottle of foliage is one of the primary indicators of ozone injury to conifers. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to test for significant correlations between chlorotic mottle of needles and 38 characteristics known to be associated with ozone injury in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws). Measures of morphological, physiological, and nearest neighbor characteristics were compared on the same trees for their relative contribution in determining the minimum set of characteristics needed to assess ozone injury as indicated by chlorotic mottle. Nine characteristics were significantly correlated with the different levels of chlorotic mottle: the number of green whorls retained, the proportion of foliated versus total branchlet length, branchlet and bole diameter, radial growth, foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen content, coarse root sucrose content, and proximity of nearest Pinus neighbor. Discriminant analysis applied to the standardized principal components showed that the first six characteristics were nearly as good as all nine in classifying the visible foliar injury scores. The series of analyses performed supported some of the characteristics in use and added others that should be included in assessing ozone injury in yellow pine. RP US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, 4955 CANYON CREST DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1668 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1658 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900015 ER PT J AU Long, RP Horsley, SB Lilja, PR AF Long, RP Horsley, SB Lilja, PR TI Impact of forest liming on growth and crown vigor of sugar maple and associated hardwoods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOLIAR NUTRIENT STATUS; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; NORTHERN VERMONT; ELEMENT ANALYSIS; STAND TREATMENT; SAMPLING TIME; DECLINE; FERTILIZATION; SOIL AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has been declining across the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northwestern and north central Pennsylvania since the mid-1980s. A long-term study to evaluate the effects of fencing, herbicide, and liming on growth, crown vigor, and regeneration of sugar maple and associated Allegheny hardwoods was initiated in 1985. The study is a split-plot design with fencing (fence - no fence) as the whole-plot treatment and four subplot treatments: applications of herbicide (glyphosate) to control interfering vegetation, dolomitic lime (22.4 Mg.ha(-1)) to reduce soil acidity, dolomitic lime and herbicide, and an untreated control. Liming significantly increased diameter growth and improved crown vigor of overstory sugar maple, but did not affect growth or vigor of overstory black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Basal area (adjusted by covariance) of sugar maple on limed plots increased by 11% from 1986 to 1993 but only by 4% on unlimed plots. Liming increased exchangeable cations in the upper 15 cm of the soil, especially Ca and Mg, and reduced levels of exchangeable K, Al, and Mn. Changes in soil chemistry were reflected in the chemistry of overstory sugar maple foliage. Concentrations of Ca doubled on limed plots and Mg increased fourfold on limed versus unlimed plots. Liming also increased the size (in 1989 and 1992) but not the frequency of sugar maple flower and seed crops. The results demonstrate the importance of Ca and Mg nutrition in maintaining the health of sugar maple on unglaciated sites. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365. PENN BUR FORESTRY,SUSQUEHANNOCK STATE FOREST,COUDERSPORT,PA 16915. RP Long, RP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 84 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 17 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1560 EP 1573 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1560 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900005 ER PT J AU Rebbeck, J Loats, KV AF Rebbeck, J Loats, KV TI Ozone effects on seedling sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): gas exchange SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT ALTERS RESPONSE; SIMULATED ACID-RAIN; HYBRID POPULUS L; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DARK RESPIRATION; AIR-POLLUTANTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT OZONE; GROWTH AB The effects of one to two seasons of ozone (O-3) exposure ranging from subambient to 1.7 times ambient on the gas exchange of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were studied in standard 3 m diameter open-top chambers. Cumulative O-3 exposures based on SUM00 index ranged from 16 to 107 ppm.h in 1990 and 31 to 197 ppm.h in 1991. During the 120-day exposure in 1990, rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of sugar maple foliage were not affected by O-3 Based on estimates from light-response curves, net photosynthesis at saturating light, dark respiration, compensation irradiance, and quantum efficiency were not affected in sugar maple leaves exposed to elevated 03 Gas exchange rates of leaves of yellow-poplar grown in elevated O-3 were significantly reduced in 1990 and 1991, when compared with foliage of seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air (CF air). In 1990, seasonal monthly net photosynthesis of yellow-poplar leaves was reduced 11.7% in 1.5 times ambient O-3 air compared with leaves of seedlings grown in CF air. The light response of yellow-poplar foliage generally was not affected by exposure to O-3 during either growing season; with the exception in 1991 of net photosynthesis at saturating light bring reduced 13 to 42% in leaves of seedlings exposed to 1.7 times ambient O-3 air compared with leaves of seedlings grown in CF air. Stomatal conductance rates were generally not affected by exposure to O-3 during either exposure season. In 1991, the response of newly mature (node 3 to 5 from apex) and older leaves (node 8 to 12 from apex) of ozone-exposed yellow-poplar were compared and responded similarly to elevated O-3. Ozone effects on seasonal diurnal photosynthetic response of newly mature and older yellow-poplar foliage were observed in 1991. Reductions (21-42%) in net photosynthetic rates of leaves of yellow-poprar exposed to elevated O-3 were first observed after 42 days of treatment (113 ppm.h exposure). Predawn and post-sunset respiration and stomatal conductance were not affected by exposure to elevated O-3. Despite significant reductions of net photosynthesis of O-3-exposed yellow-poplar during both seasons, significant negative growth effects were not observed until the final harvest in June 1992. Root/shoot ratios of yellow-poplar seedlings exposed to 1.7 times ambient O-3 were reduced 30% compared with those seedlings exposed to CF air. C1 DENISON UNIV,GRANVILLE,OH 43023. RP Rebbeck, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1595 EP 1605 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1595 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900008 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Perkins, TD McNulty, SG AF Schaberg, PG Perkins, TD McNulty, SG TI Effects of chronic low-level N additions on foliar elemental concentrations, morphology, and gas exchange of mature montane red spruce SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN SATURATION; NEW-ENGLAND; FIR STAND; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; CHEMISTRY; USA; SAPLINGS AB We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on 29 morphological, physiological, or chemical parameters measured on mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing within 10 study plots on Mount Ascutney, Vermont. For 8 consecutive years prior to this study, each plot received one of five treatments: 0, 15.7, 19.8, 25.6, or 31.4 kg N.ha(-1).year(-1). In comparison to plant material from control plots, trees that received N fertilization had fewer but longer and heavier needles, and higher rates of shoot water loss than trees from control plots. N fertilization resulted in increased foliar N concentrations, and reductions in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations to potentially deficient levels. Although no differences in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, or net photosynthesis were evident, N fertilization was associated with increased levels of respiration. Respiration rates were not correlated with foliar N concentrations, suggesting that the influence of N treatment on respiration was indirect. In contrast, respiration levels were negatively correlated with foliar Ca and Mg concentrations. Although we have no direct evidence that they are related, the N-induced alterations in foliar cation and respiration levels that we found may help account for N-induced reductions in tree growth and increases in mortality previously reported for this site. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27705. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1629 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1622 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900011 ER PT J AU Miller, GW AF Miller, GW TI Stand dynamics in 60-year-old Allegheny hardwoods after thinning SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Stand dynamics and tree growth in even-aged hardwood stands can be influenced by manipulating relative stand density, species composition, and stand structure. Land managers need quantitative information on the effect of vegetation manipulation to prescribe stand treatments that are appropriate for specific management objectives. Sixty-year-old stands composed of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) were thinned to 45, 60, and 75% relative density as measured by the stocking guide for Allegheny hardwoods. Stand age, aspect, elevation, and soil-site conditions were uniform among the study plots, while relative density and to a lesser degree stand structure were altered by the thinning treatments. Regression analyses were used to relate stand dynamics and tree diameter growth over a 10-year period to changes in relative density, stand structure, and species composition. Stand growth is reported in basal area, cubic volume, sawtimber volume, and relative density growth, and individual tree response is reported in terms of diameter growth by species group. Study results generally support current recommendations for thinning Allegheny hardwoods for wood volume production, though stands with relatively high proportions of black cherry may respond better to densities greater than recommended levels for optimal sawtimber Volume production. These results also may be useful for interpreting overall stand dynamics and developing prescriptions to enhance production of other woodland benefits. RP Miller, GW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,POB 404,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1645 EP 1657 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1645 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900014 ER PT J AU DeBell, DS Harrington, CA AF DeBell, DS Harrington, CA TI Productivity of Populus in monoclonal and polyclonal blocks at three spacings (vol 27, pg 978, 1997) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction, Addition RP DeBell, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1702 EP 1702 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-10-1702 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH969 UT WOS:A1997YH96900020 ER PT J AU Marentes, E Vanderpool, RA Shelp, BJ AF Marentes, E Vanderpool, RA Shelp, BJ TI Boron-isotope fractionation in plants SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck (broccoli); Triticum aestivum L. (wheat); Zea mays L. (corn); boron; isotope fractionation ID GENOTYPES; TOXICITY AB Naturally-occurring variations in the abundance of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements in plants have been reported and are now used to understand various physiological processes in plants. Boron (B) isotopic variation in several plant species has been documented, but no determination as to whether plants fractionate the stable isotopes of boron, B-11 and B-10, has been made. Here, we report that plants with differing B requirements (wheat, corn and broccoli) fractionated boron. The whole plant was enriched in B-11 relative to the nutrient solution, and the leaves were enriched in B-11 and the stem in B-11 relative to the xylem sap. Although at present, a mechanistic role for boron in plants is uncertain, potential fractionating mechanisms are discussed. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Hort Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Shelp, BJ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Hort Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 77 IS 4 BP 627 EP 629 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YU025 UT WOS:000071672300019 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Woods, RD McKean, JD Senn, MK Elazhary, Y AF Wesley, RD Woods, RD McKean, JD Senn, MK Elazhary, Y TI Prevalence of coronavirus antibodies in Iowa swine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; DIFFERENTIATION; QUEBEC AB Three hundred and forty-seven serum samples from 22 Iowa swine herds were screened for TGEV/PRCV neutralizing antibody, Ninety-one percent of the sera and all 22 herds were positive, These sera were then tested by the blocking ELISA test to distinguish TGEV and PRCV antibody, The ELISA test confirmed the high percentage of TGEV/PRCV positive sera, By the blocking ELISA test, 12 herds were PRCV positive, 6 herds were TGEV positive and 4 herds were mixed with sera either positive for TGEV or PRCV antibody, The results suggest a recent increase in TGEV/PRCV seroprevalence in Iowa swine most likely due to sub-clinical PRCV infections. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,COLL VET MED,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MONTREAL,FAC MED VET,ST HYACINTHE,PQ J2S 7C6,CANADA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YA696 UT WOS:A1997YA69600012 PM 9342456 ER PT J AU Hildesheim, A Schiffman, MH Tsukui, T Swanson, CA Lucci, J Scott, DR Glass, AG Rush, BB Lorincz, AT Corrigan, A Burk, RD Helgesen, K Houghten, RA Sherman, ME Kurman, RJ Berzofsky, JA Kramer, TR AF Hildesheim, A Schiffman, MH Tsukui, T Swanson, CA Lucci, J Scott, DR Glass, AG Rush, BB Lorincz, AT Corrigan, A Burk, RD Helgesen, K Houghten, RA Sherman, ME Kurman, RJ Berzofsky, JA Kramer, TR TI Immune activation in cervical neoplasia: Cross-sectional association between plasma soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels and disease SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; T-CELL; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SERUM; RESPONSES; DIFFERENTIATION; IMMUNIZATION; LYMPHOCYTES; REGRESSION AB In a previous study (Tsukui et al., Cancer Res., 56: 3967-3974, 1996), we observed an inverse association between degree of cervical neoplasia and interleukin (IL) 2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 and E7 peptides in vitro. This suggested that a Th1-mediated cellular immune response might be important in host immunological control of HPV infection and that a lack of such a response might predispose to progression of cervical disease. To follow up on these findings, we have conducted a cross-sectional study of women with various degrees of cervical neoplasia to investigate the association between overall immune activation and cervical disease. A total of 235 women were recruited into our study; 120 of these women were participants in our previous study in which IL-2 production in response to HPV-16-specific peptides was measured. The study population included 34 women with invasive cancer, 62 women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 105 women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs). In addition, 34 cytologically normal women with no past history of squamous intraepithelial lesions despite confirmed HPV-16 infection in the 5 years preceding the study were selected as controls. As our measure of overall immune activation, serum samples obtained from study participants were tested for soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level using an ELISA method. The mean sIL-2R levels were found to increase with increasing disease severity (P-trend = 0.0002). Among cytologically normal, HPV-exposed women, the mean receptor level in serum was 465.8 units/ml compared to 467.6 units/ml among LSIL subjects, 514.9 units/ml among HSIL subjects, and 695.5 units/ml among women with invasive cervical cancer. Similarly, the proportion of women with elevated slL-2R levels (defined as greater than or equal to 450 units/ml) increased with increasing disease severity from 35.2% among normal study subjects to 70.6% among cancer patients (P-trend = 0.003). Among the subgroup of subjects for whom in vitro IL-2 production in response to HPV-16-specific peptides was measured, we examined the association between in vitro IL-2 production and serum levels of sIL-2R. sIL-2R levels were higher, on average, among those women who were positive in our IL-2 production assay compared to those who were negative, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). We also observed a trend of increasing slL-2R level with increasing disease severity both in women who were positive and in women who were negative for our IL-2 production assay, but the trend was only significant among those who were negative for IL-2 production (P-trend = 0.01). Results from our studies suggest that although the immune system of women with cervical neoplasia is nonspecifically activated as disease severity increases, the ability of those women with HSILs or cancer to mount a Th1-mediated immune response to HPV peptides appears to decrease compared to women with LSILs or normal women infected with HPV. Increased overall activation along with decreased Th1 immune response among women with increasing cervical disease severity might be explained by an increased Th2-mediated immune response, a response that we hypothesize is ineffective in controlling the viral infection and its early cytological manifestations. Future studies should directly assess Th2-mediated responses to confirm this hypothesis. Also, future efforts should be aimed at determining whether the associations observed are causally related to disease progression or an effect of the disease. C1 NCI,MOL IMMUNOGENET & VACCINE RES SECT,METAB BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DALLAS,TX 75235. KAISER PERMANENTE,PORTLAND,OR 97227. DIGENE CORP,SILVER SPRING,MD 20904. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. TORREY PINES INST MOL STUDIES,LA JOLLA,CA 92121. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CAROTENOIDS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Hildesheim, A (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,NIH,EPN ROOM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 807 EP 813 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YA561 UT WOS:A1997YA56100009 PM 9332763 ER PT J AU Warner, K Inglett, GE AF Warner, K Inglett, GE TI Flavor and texture characteristics of foods containing Z-Trim corn and oat fibers as fat and flour replacers SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF PATTIES; MEAT-PRODUCTS; LEVEL; COOKING AB To determine the effects of partial replacement of fat and flour in foods with Z-Trim corn and oat fibers, brownies and ground beef patties containing Z-Trim were evaluated for flavor and texture characteristics. A cake-like brownie formulation containing 26% fat (control) was prepared with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% fat replacement using four levels of Z-Trim corn fiber at 0.18, 0.36, 0.55, and 0.73% by weight of total ingredients. In samples containing fat replacer, the flour level was half that of the control. The calories per gram of brownie for the full-fat product was 3.4 compared to 1.6 for the brownie with 100% fat replacement and 50% flour replacement. A trained sensory panel reported that replacing either 50, 75, or 100% of the fat in addition to 50% of the flour with the addition of Z-Trim corn fiber significantly increased moistness, density, and cohesiveness compared to the control. The fat content of 89% fat-free ground beef was reduced to 93% fat-free with Z-Trim oat fiber or a Z-Trim/oatrim blend at 1 and 1.5% addition by weight with 10% water. Sensory analysis of flavor and texture of the beef patties showed slight decreases in beef and fatty flavors and increases in texture characteristics of tenderness and juiciness. RP Warner, K (reprint author), ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 10 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA703 UT WOS:A1997YA70300006 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Smith, PW Holsinger, VH AF Onwulata, CI Konstance, RP Smith, PW Holsinger, VH TI Effect of coencapsulating milkfat and leavening agents on batter rheology SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID MICROENCAPSULATION AB Single- and double-acting baking powders were coencapsulated with butter oil and carbohydrate matrices forming instant baking mixes. Batters formulated from the encapsulated and coencapsulated powders were significantly more elastic (P < 0.05) than batters from the standard non-encapsulated formulation. The process of coencapsulating baking powders and butter oil in carbohydrate matrices resulted in a loss (25-75%) of the leavening power (CO2). The loss of CO2 potential in the batters resulted in lower weight loss in baked muffins. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 10 BP 826 EP 829 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA703 UT WOS:A1997YA70300007 ER PT J AU Laird, DA Shang, C AF Laird, DA Shang, C TI Relationship between cation exchange selectivity and crystalline swelling in expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE cation exchange selectivity; crystalline swelling; demixing; fixation; ion exchange hysteresis; layer charge; smectite ID CLAY-MINERALS; CA EXCHANGE; HYSTERESIS; SMECTITES; MONTMORILLONITE AB A theoretical model describing the interaction between crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity is proposed for expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates. The model is based on the assumption that changes in basal spacing of a clay are phase changes, and that each phase of a clay has a different selectivity constant for a particular cation exchange reaction. Energy barriers stabilize the various phases over a limited range of interlayer ionic composition. These energy barriers cause hysteresis in crystalline swelling, which in turn causes hysteresis in cation exchange. Results are presented for an experiment involving Ba-Mg exchange on a synthetic fluoro-hectorite. The results demonstrate key aspects of the proposed model, including a correlation between measured selectivity coefficients and basal spacings (R-2 = 0.85), an abrupt change in basal spacing that corresponds with an abrupt change in selectivity and corresponding hysteresis in crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity. The results also demonstrate increased selectivity for the preferred cation (Ba) at high solution mole fraction of the preferred cation. This trend is opposite of that observed for heterogeneous natural smectites but consistent with predictions of the model for a homogeneous smectite. C1 AGR CANADA,NO AGR RES CTR,BEARVERLODGE,AB T0H 0C0,CANADA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 5 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450507 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA YJ808 UT WOS:A1997YJ80800007 ER PT J AU Yan, B Pring, DR AF Yan, B Pring, DR TI Transcriptional initiation sites in sorghum mitochondrial DNA indicate conserved and variable features SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE sorghum; mitochondria; transcription promoters ID MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM; ATP SYNTHASE; MAIZE; GENE; RNA; PROMOTER; POTATO; IDENTIFICATION; SUBUNIT-9; INVITRO AB Transcriptional initiation and processing was examined for three sorghum mitochondrial DNA genes (atp6-1, atp6-2, urf209) and two open reading frames (orf265/130, orf107) to characterize sequences associated with initiation and other transcriptional strategies for this species. The 5' termini of ten transcripts were determined by primer extension, and mtRNA was capped with guanylyl transferase and annealed to anti-sense riboprobes to identify transcriptional initiation regions. Eight transcript termini were suitable substrates for guanylyl transferase, indicating the presence of one (atp6-1, atp6-2, urf209), two (orf265/130), or three (orf107) promoters for the five examples. The majority of the putative promoters were associated with single primer-extension termini, while two examples exhibited two transcript-initiation sites within the promoter. Four examples were characterized by initiated transcripts without subsequent processing, indicating that processing is not obligatory. Each of the putative promoter regions included significant A/T-rich 5' regions, consistent with previous examples, but four exceptions to a consensus core YRTA sequence were identified. The anomalies (AATA, CTTA) suggest plasticity in the primary structure of the core region of higher-plant mitochondrial DNA promoters. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL PROGRAM,CROP GENET & ENVIRONM RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s002940050279 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YF293 UT WOS:A1997YF29300006 PM 9342409 ER PT J AU WilliamsCarrier, RE Lie, YS Hake, S Lemaux, PG AF WilliamsCarrier, RE Lie, YS Hake, S Lemaux, PG TI Ectopic expression of the maize kn1 gene phenocopies the Hooded mutant of barley SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE knotted1; meristem; homeobox; barley; Hooded; phenocopy; ectopic expression; ectopic inflorescence ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; HOMEOBOX GENE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS; RICE; DUPLICATION; MORPHOLOGY; PROMOTER; LEAVES; LEAF AB The homeobox gene, knotted1, (kn1) is expressed in shoot meristems and is required for maintaining indeterminacy and preventing cellular differentiation. Awns, extensions of the bract-like lemma found in all grass inflorescences, are normally determinate structures, We show that ectopic expression of kn1 in the barley awn is sufficient to direct the development of ectopic meristems, forming inflorescence-like structures, This homeotic transformation is similar to the phenotype produced by misexpression of the barley hvknox3 gene, associated with the dominant Hooded mutant (Muller, K. J., Romano, N., Gerstner, O., Garcia-Maroto, F., Pozzi, C., Salamini, F. and Rohde, W. (1995) Nature 374, 727-730), We suggest that the inverse polarity of the ectopic powers seen in Hooded and transgenic kn1 plants results from the transformation of the awn into reiterative inflorescence axes, We observed that the protein and mRNA localization of the transgene, driven by a constitutive promoter, is similar to the expression pattern of hvknox3 in awns of Hooded mutants, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 EI 1477-9129 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD OCT PY 1997 VL 124 IS 19 BP 3737 EP 3745 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA YE932 UT WOS:A1997YE93200007 PM 9367429 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Jones, PW Annand, EM Thompson, FR AF Donovan, TM Jones, PW Annand, EM Thompson, FR TI Variation in local-scale edge effects: Mechanisms and landscape context SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brown-headed Cowbirds; edge effects; forest songbirds; habitat landscapes and fragmentation; host-Cowbird relationships; Molothrus ater; nest predation; predator community ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; NEST PREDATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITIES; STATISTICS AB Ecological processes near habitat edges often differ from processes away from edges. Yet, the generality of ''edge effects'' has been hotly debated because results vary tremendously. To understand the factors responsible for this variation, we described nest predation and cowbird distribution patterns in forest edge and forest core habitats on 36 randomly selected plots in three states in the midwestern United States. We tested four hypotheses that may explain the variation and mechanisms responsible for edge effects among the 36 plots: (1) the landscape context, (2) the local predator community, (3) the local bird (host-prey) community, and (4) the nest site microhabitat structure. We used artificial nests baited with quail and clay eggs to determine nest predation patterns and predators and used point count surveys to determine cowbird and host abundance in forest edge and forest core habitats. Raccoons, opossums, canids, and birds accounted for most predation of artificial nests. Neither local host abundance nor mean nest concealment of artificial nests significantly influenced nest predation rates in habitat edge or in habitat core. Nest predation was significantly greater in highly fragmented landscapes than in unfragmented landscapes and was significantly higher in edge habitats than in core habitats. However, detection of edge effects varied, depending upon landscape type. Higher predation rates in edge habitats were detected in highly and moderately fragmented landscapes, but not in unfragmented landscapes. Both mammalian and avian predator groups contributed to higher predation rates along edges in highly and moderately fragmented landscapes. Cowbird abundance was significantly related to host abundance, but the effect of hosts varied depending upon habitat type. In edge habitats, cowbird abundance was negatively associated with host abundance in all three landscapes studied. By contrast, cowbird abundance was positively associated with host abundance in core habitats. Once the effects of host abundance were removed, cowbird abundance in core habitat was greater in highly fragmented landscapes than in moderately and unfragmented landscapes, but did not differ between the latter two. In edge habitat, cowbird abundance did not differ between landscapes, but abundance in edges tended to be highest in the highly fragmented landscape and lowest in the unfragmented landscape. Cowbird abundance did not vary between edge and core habitat in any of the landscapes studied. We suggest that the first approximation to predicting the impact of agricultural or permanently managed edges on forest songbird reproductive success is to assess habitat characteristics at the landscape scale. Given geographic location, local factors such as host abundance and predator composition should be assessed. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,FOREST SERV,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 48 TC 402 Z9 424 U1 8 U2 104 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 78 IS 7 BP 2064 EP 2075 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2064:VILSEE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XZ789 UT WOS:A1997XZ78900012 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL AF Buchanan, RL TI Identifying and controlling emerging foodborne pathogens: Research needs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Foodborne Pathogens - Implications and Control CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Tech Comm Food Microbiol, USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, USFDA, FAO, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, NIDDKD ID SALMONELLA AB Systems for managing the risks associated with foodborne pathogens are based on detailed knowledge of the microorganisms and the foods with which they are associated-known hazards. An emerging pathogen, however, is an unknown hazard; therefore, to control it, key data must be acquired to convert the pathogen from an unknown to a known hazard. The types of information required are similar despite the identity of the new agent. The key to rapid control is rapid mobilization of research capabilities targeted at addressing critical knowledge gaps. In addition, longer-term research is needed to improve our ability to respond quickly to new microbial threats and help us become more proactive at anticipating and preventing emergence. The type of contingency planning used by the military in anticipating new threats serves as a useful framework for planning for new emergence. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400016 PM 9366605 ER PT J AU Majkowski, J AF Majkowski, J TI Strategies for rapid response to emerging foodborne microbial hazards SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Foodborne Pathogens - Implications and Control CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Tech Comm Food Microbiol, USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, USFDA, FAO, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, NIDDKD AB The foodborne outbreak paradigm has shifted. In the past, an outbreak affected a small local population, had a high attack rate, and involved locally prepared food products with limited distribution. Now outbreaks involve larger populations and may be multistate and even international; in many the pathogenic organism has a low infective dose and sometimes is never isolated from the food product. Delay in identifying the causative agent can allow the outbreak to spread, increasing the number of cases. Emergency intervention should be aimed at controlling the outbreak, stopping exposure, and perhaps more importantly, preventing future outbreaks. Using epidemiologic data and investigative techniques may be the answer. Even with clear statistical associations to a contaminated food, one must ensure that the implicated organism could logically and biologically have been responsible for the outbreak. RP Majkowski, J (reprint author), USDA,ROOM 3715 FRANKLIN COURT,14TH ST & INDEPENDENCE A,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400020 PM 9368788 ER PT J AU Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S AF Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S TI FoodNet components SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. USDA ARS,FSIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FDA,CFSAN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Angulo, F (reprint author), CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400029 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Boyd, R AF Uri, ND Boyd, R TI Aggregate effects of reducing the motor fuels excise tax in the United States SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE computable general equilibrium modeling; energy use; motor fuels excise tax; US economy ID ENERGY AB The analysts in this article examines the impact of reducing the excise tar on gasoline and diesel fuel on the U.S. economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects are examined of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the exercise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities. The results suggest, for example, a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), an expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realize a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 8 BP 861 EP 878 DI 10.1080/00908319708908897 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YA135 UT WOS:A1997YA13500011 ER PT J AU Thangavadivelu, S Colvin, TS AF Thangavadivelu, S Colvin, TS TI Fuzzy-logic-based decision support system for scheduling tillage operations SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE decision support systems; fuzzy logic; scheduling; tillage management AB A fuzzy-logic-based decision support system was developed to assist farmers in scheduling tillage operations, which are carried out to prepare fields prior to planting and are therefore critical to crop growth and production. The scheduling of tillage operations can be challenging in areas where the window of operation is narrow, and factors such as soil-water content, urgency, field sizes, available time and importance of operation must be considered. A multi-objective decision-making procedure suggested by Yager was modified to accommodate objectives of unequal importance. This modified scheme allows the satisfaction of each objective to be expressed by a distinct linguistic term set, each element of which may be mapped to a global set. The best alternative is then chosen by comparing the levels of satisfaction associated with each alternative. This modified multi-objective decision-making procedure is the basis of the fuzzy-logic-based decision support system, FLoDSS, described in this research paper FLoDSS was programmed in the C computer language to assist farmers in scheduling tillage operations on a daily basis. Unlike most conventional programs and expert systems, FLoDSS accepts and derives inferences from fuzzy input data. The program was evaluated for a Central Iowa location, using daily weather forecast data and the daily decisions made by two expert farm managers. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thangavadivelu, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, 147 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(97)00023-7 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA YR398 UT WOS:000071491200005 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Ciomperlik, MA AF Riley, DG Ciomperlik, MA TI Regional population dynamics of whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and associated parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Encarsia; Eretmocerus; sampling; parasitism ID BEMISIA-TABACI; COTTON FIELDS AB Regional monitoring of whiteflies, Bemisia sp., in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas was undertaken between 1991 and 1995 to determine seasonal abundance and spatial population dynamics of this pest. Samples of whiteflies were taken using yellow sticky traps along roadways and samples from plants at selected locations. The abundance of parasitoids of whiteflies was quantified from each plant sample by species. The number of whitefly adults on yellow sticky traps consistently increased dramatically during late spring and summer and declined in the fall. Dispersion of whiteflies on sticky traps generally changed from highly clumped in the spring to less clumped in the summer and early fall of each year. The population of the native parasitoid complex of the whitefly correlated with increases of whitefly populations. Six whitefly parasitoid species were collected routinely and identified during this survey. In order of decreasing abundance they were Eretmocerus sp., Encarsia pergandiella, Encarsia meritoria, Encarsia sp. nr. strenua, Encarsia luteola, and Encarsia formosa. Population levels were higher for whitefly and lower for whitefly parasitoids in 1995 than observed in 1994. C1 USDA,APHIS,PPQ,MISSION BIOL CONTROL LAB,MISSION,TX 78573. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1049 EP 1055 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300008 ER PT J AU Neal, JW Bentz, JA AF Neal, JW Bentz, JA TI Physical dynamics of the noncleidoic egg of Stephanitis pyrioides (Heteroptera: Tingidae) during development SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azalea lace bug; egg hydration; egg dimension measurements ID CORYTHUCHA-CYDONIAE HETEROPTERA; LACE BUG HETEROPTERA; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; PLANT; MIRIDAE; AZALEA; TEMPERATURE; HOMOPTERA; MORTALITY; PHENOLOGY AB Overwintering feral eggs of the immigrant azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), and eggs laid on plants in a rearing chamber were sampled over time and measured for changes in size and weight during development. Eggs collected from both sources that were incubated in a rearing chamber were found to increase significantly in width and breadth. For eggs laid in the rearing chamber the greatest rate of change occurred between days 2 and 4 of embryo development, whereas in the feral eggs it occurred between Julian days 51 and 82. Although a cubic relationship was significant between day of embryo development and width and breadth for rearing chamber eggs, a quadratic relationship was significant between Julian day and width and breadth for feral eggs. Measured length of rearing chamber eggs did not change over time, but the length of feral eggs increased linearly with Julian day. An increase in weight of feral eggs was linearly related to Julian day and the mean weight of eggs laid in the rearing chamber was quadratically related to day of embryo development. Excised leaves with feral eggs were sampled biweekly during periods of dormancy and spring growth. It was determined that adequate moisture was present in the leaves for the embryo to complete development. Because number of days to preemergence was significantly influenced by Julian day (i.e, sampling date), the mean number of nymphs to emerge at each particular sampling day was not significantly influenced by moisture or day. The significant increase in egg width, breadth and weight indicates that the egg of S. pyrioides is noncleidoic and that the chorion is both pervious and elastic. A possible impact on voltinism is discussed. RP Neal, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,US NATL ARBORETUM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1072 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300010 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR AF Hagler, JR TI Field retention of a novel mark-release-recapture method SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hippodamia convergens; mark-release-recapture; dispersal; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent dust ID GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HEMIPTERA; PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BEMISIA-TABACI; RUBIDIUM; DISPERSAL; NOCTUIDAE; PREDATION; INSECTS; PREY AB A field cage study was conducted that compared the retention time between a novel immunolabeling mark-release-recapture marking technique with the more conventional insect marker, fluorescent dust. Commercially purchased convergent lady beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, were marked with either a rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) or a chicken IgG solution. The beetles were then released into separate field cages, recaptured daily, and assayed by both sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct ELISA for the presence of IgG markers. A 3rd group of convergent lady beetles were marked with dust, released into a cage, recaptured daily, and examined under a dissecting microscope for the presence of the fluorescent marker. Data indicate that IgG markers were retained much longer than fluorescent dust. Additionally, the rabbit IgG had a greater retention time than chicken IgG. The advantages of using IgG markers for mark-release-recapture studies over the current mark-release-recapture techniques are discussed. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN COTTON RES LAB, 4135 E BROADWAY RD, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 18 U2 30 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1086 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300012 ER PT J AU Bentz, JA Townsend, AM AF Bentz, JA Townsend, AM TI Variation in adult populations of the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and feeding injury among clones of red maple SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potato leafhopper; red maple; leaf flushing; feeding injury AB Leaf flush phenology of red maple, Acer rubrum L., changes in the number of potato leafhopper adults, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and feeding injury were recorded for 2 yr for 5 different maple clones. Migratory adults started arriving between late April and early May. More insects were collected from clone 56026 than from the other 4 clones during this time. Populations peaked during 31 May-14 June. During that peak, more insects were collected from clones 60068, 56026, and 59904 than from clones 55410 and 57775. Leafhopper numbers declined thereafter. Leaf flushing (i.e., leaf growth initiation, expansion, and development) differed among clones during April. Clone 55410 was the Ist clone to show signs of leaf flushing. The order of leaf flushing from early to late was 55410 with more leaves than 57775, both followed by 59904, which in turn had more leaves than 60068 or 56026. Leaf flushing of clone 56026 occurred late in the spring. Clone 56026 suffered the most feeding injury during the growing seasons and clone 57775 showed the least feeding injury. During spring, the cumulative number of leafhoppers collected on traps was negatively correlated with the amount of leaf flushing and positively correlated with the amount of foliage injury. That is, trees with more unexpanded and young leaves had more leafhoppers and, thus, showed more feeding injury. Late in the season, the amount of feeding injury was positively correlated with the cumulative number of insects caught on traps. Early in the season, amount of feeding injury was, in part, influenced by the degree of leaf flushing. However, other tree factors appear to influence degree of feeding later in the season. C1 USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM LAB,US NATL ARBORETUM,GLENN DALE,MD 20769. RP Bentz, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BLDG 010A,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1095 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300014 ER PT J AU Farbert, P Koch, UT Farbert, A Staten, RT Carde, RT AF Farbert, P Koch, UT Farbert, A Staten, RT Carde, RT TI Pheromone concentration measured with electroantennogram in cotton fields treated for mating disruption of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pectinophora gossypiella; mating disruption; sex pheromone; electroantennogram ID DISPENSERS; VINEYARDS AB A field-portable electroantennogram (EAG) system was used to measure relative aerial concentrations of formulated pheromone applied to cotton fields for mating disruption of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). This device uses a novel calibration system to measure 3 points in a dose-response curve within 5-8 s. We used this system to estimate the aerial concentrations generated by different types of formulation (applied at rates of 3-75 g [AI]/ha) at varying times after application and the wind-dependent transport of pheromone from treated into untreated fields. Pheromone levels presumed sufficient to cause behavioral effects were found at distances of up to 100 m from treated areas. In a plot (100 by 200 m) where formulation (75 g [AI]/ha) was applied only to the edge, substantial airborne pheromone was measured in the interior of the plot. Long-range pheromone transport suggests that deployment of disruptant along the border of a held may be a useful strategy for mating disruption. The EAG system provides a rapid method for measuring relative pheromone concentrations in fields treated with pheromone formulated for mating disruption. This methodology allows us to compare efficacy and longevity of release from various formulations and to document the spatial distributions of pheromone they generate. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,DEPT PHYS,D-67653 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. USDA,APHIS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Farbert, P (reprint author), UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,D-67653 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1105 EP 1116 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300016 ER PT J AU Burks, CS Hagstrum, DW Hampton, KE Broce, AB AF Burks, CS Hagstrum, DW Hampton, KE Broce, AB TI Crystallization temperature and chilling injury during overwintering in a feral face fly (Diptera: Muscidae) population SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; cold hardiness; supercooling ID INSECT COLD-HARDINESS; DIAPAUSING AGLAIS-URTICAE; MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS DIPTERA; INACHIS-IO LEPIDOPTERA; SARCOPHAGA-CRASSIPALPIS; SHOCK INJURY; NYMPHALIDAE; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL AB Adult face flies, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, overwinter in reproductive diapause. In this study, we monitored temperature in a hibernaculum, and periodically assessed cold hardiness of flies from this site. Of flies collected in Keats, KS (39 degrees 13' N, 96 degrees 42' W) in late December and January, approximate to 40% exposed to -15 degrees C for 5 h froze internally, whereas, the remainder successfully supercooled. Of flies collected in February, approximate to 70% froze internally. All flies that froze internally died. In December and January, all flies that did not freeze recovered fully and immediately, whereas in February nearly 80% of the flies that avoided freezing were killed or impaired. Unfed flies held at room temperature (23 degrees C) for 8 h and then subjected to -15 degrees C for 5 h had low crystallization temperatures, but were killed by chilling injury, Flies that were warmed, allowed food, and then held at 4 degrees C overnight before being exposed to -15 degrees C had higher crystallization temperatures than unfed flies. These data indicate that fully acclimatized face flies in midwinter are susceptible to freezing but not direct chilling injury, and that susceptibility to freezing and chilling injury in overwintering flies increases progressively with time. The laboratory studies show that, when warmed. diapause-induced and cold-acclimatized flies will take available food. Results from the laboratory studies suggest that flies warmed by exceptionally mild temperatures in midwinter are more susceptible to chilling injury from subsequent sudden cold weather, and that feeding when warmed increases crystallization temperatures. Higher crystallization temperatures could cause mortality under more mild conditions conditions that those in our test. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP Burks, CS (reprint author), ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,USDA,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1124 EP 1130 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300018 ER PT J AU Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA Wojcik, DP Williams, DF Banks, WA Patterson, RS AF Briano, JA Calcaterra, LA Wojcik, DP Williams, DF Banks, WA Patterson, RS TI Abundance of the parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a potential candidate for the biological control of the red imported fire ant in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis daguerrei; imported fire ants; parasitic ant; social parasitism; biological control; South America AB Abundance of the workerless parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi) in fire ant populations was surveyed in southern and southwestern Brazil, eastern, central, and northern Argentina, western and northern Uruguay, central Paraguay, and Bolivia from 1974 to 1996. A total of 12,180 fire ant colonies was sampled from 726 collecting sites for the presence of adults or queens, or both, of the parasitic ant. The presence of the parasite in fire ant colonies within the area surveyed was very low. In Argentina, S. daguerrei occurred in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and Entre Bios, in 1.4-7.0% of the colonies. In Brazil, the areas of Dourados, Campo Grande, and Rochedo, Mate Grosso do Sul contained 1-6.2% of parasitized colonies. In Uruguay, <1% of the colonies were parasitized. The parasite was not found in Paraguay and Bolivia. A new host (S. macdonaghi Santschi) is reported for S. daguerrei. The field site with the highest presence of S. daguerrei (7%) was selected in Buenos Aires province for ecological studies. The low presence in its native areas should not discourage the potential use of this parasite as a biological control agent of imported fire ants in the United States. C1 ARS, CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL, USDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RP Briano, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S AMER BIOL CONTROL LAB, BOLIVAR 1559, RA-1686 HURLINGHAM, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH733 UT WOS:A1997YH73300021 ER PT J AU Chappell, WR Beck, BD Brown, KG Chaney, R Cothern, CR Irgolic, KJ North, DW Thornton, I Tsongas, TA AF Chappell, WR Beck, BD Brown, KG Chaney, R Cothern, CR Irgolic, KJ North, DW Thornton, I Tsongas, TA TI Inorganic arsenic: A need and an opportunity to improve risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE arsenic; cancer; dose response; drinking water; food; risk assessment ID DISEASE ENDEMIC AREA; ARTESIAN WELL WATER; DRINKING-WATER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; BLACKFOOT DISEASE; CANCER RISK; DOSE-RESPONSE; SKIN-CANCER; BLADDER; TAIWAN AB This paper presents views on the current status of (inorganic) arsenic risk assessment in the United States and recommends research needed to set standards for drinking water. The opinions are those of the Arsenic Task Force of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health, which has met periodically since 1991 to study issues related to arsenic risk assessment and has held workshops and international conferences on arsenic. The topic of this paper is made timely by current scientific interest in exposure to and adverse health effects of arsenic in the United States and passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, which has provisions for a research program on arsenic and a schedule mandating the EPA to revise the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water by the year 2001. Our central premise and recommendations are straightforward: the risk of adverse health effects associated with arsenic in drinking water is unknown for low arsenic concentrations found in the United States, such as at the current interim maximum contaminant level of 50 mu g/l and below. Arsenic-related research should be directed at answering that question. New epidemiological studies are needed to provide data for reliable dose-response assessments of arsenic and for skin cancer, bladder cancer, or other endpoints to be used by the EPA for regulation. Further toxicological research, along with the observational data from epidemiology, is needed to determine if the dose-response relationship at low levels is more consistent with the current assumption of low-dose linearity or the existence of a practical threshold. Other recommendations include adding foodborne arsenic to the calculation of total arsenic intake, calculation of total arsenic intake, and encouraging cooperative research within the United States and between the United States and affected countries. C1 Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Kenneth G Brown Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Analyt Chem, Graz, Austria. Decis Focus Inc, Mt View, CA 94041 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Beck, BD (reprint author), Gradient Corp, 44 Brattle St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 87 TC 69 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1289/ehp.971051060 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZB726 UT WOS:000072501400014 PM 9349827 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Vanderpool, RA AF Reeves, PG Vanderpool, RA TI Cadmium burden of men and women who report regular consumption of confectionery sunflower kernels containing a natural abundance of cadmium SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cadmium; confectionery sunflower kernels; copper; dietary intake; ferritin; humans; iron; beta(2)-microglobulin; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; zinc ID URINARY CADMIUM; RENAL-DISEASE; GLUCOSAMINIDASE; ABSORPTION; DIET; ZINC; EXCRETION; ELEMENTS; VALUES; RATS AB Because of inherent genetic and physiological characteristics, the natural concentration of cadmium in the kernels of sunflowers grown in uncontaminated soils of the northern Great Plains region of the United States is higher than in most other grains. We tested the hypothesis that a habitual consumption of sunflower kernels will increase the body burden and heath effects of cadmium in humans. Sixty-six men and women who reported consuming various amounts of sunflower kernels were recruited and divided by sex and kernel consumption: those who consumed less than or equal to 1 ounce(oz)/week and those who consumed more than 1 oz/week Cadmium intake was assessed by calculation from 7-day food diaries, cadmium burden by whole blood cadmium, red blood cell (RBC) cadmium and urine cadmium concentrations, and health effects by urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta 2MG). The results showed that high intakes of sunflower kernels (>1 oz/day) significantly increased the intake of cadmium (p<0.004). However, the amount of cadmium in whale blood or RBCs was not affected by cadmium intake. Urinary excretion of cadmium also was not affected by cadmium intake. Urine NAG activity and the amount of urinary beta 2MG were significantly elevated in the urine of high sunflower kernel consumers when the values were expressed on a urine volume basis (p<0.03), but not when expressed on a creatinine basis (p>0.05). Because normal ranges for the excretion of these protein markers have not been established, it was not possible to determine if these elevated values were meaningful. However, given the knowledge that habitual consumption of sunflower kernels with natural cadmium concentrations higher than most other food products will increase the average intake of dietary cadmium, the potential exists for an increased body burden of cadmium. Controlled feeding studies in humans should be pursued in order to determine if the body burden does indeed increase and, if so, is it a cause for concern. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1098 EP 1104 DI 10.1289/ehp.971051098 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZB726 UT WOS:000072501400019 PM 9349833 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, SR Ernst, FF Gan, J Gao, F Becker, JO AF Wang, D Yates, SR Ernst, FF Gan, J Gao, F Becker, JO TI Methyl bromide emission reduction with field management practices SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVERED FIELD; SOIL; VOLATILIZATION AB Current methods of soil fumigation may allow up to 65% of the applied methyl bromide (MeBr) to escape to the atmosphere. To protect stratospheric ozone and prevent economic losses from MeBr phaseout there is an urgent need to find alternative fumigation techniques that can reduce MeBr emission. A field experiment was conducted to study and compare the effect of different management methods on MeBr emission reduction. Tested parameters included injection depth (0.25 and 0.6 m), use of polyethylene or a high-barrier plastic, bare soil, and irrigation. MeBr emission was estimated by sampling for the increase in soil bromide ion. Deep injection increased MeBr degradation and reduced total emission. Compared to bare soil, covering with plastic tarp significantly reduced MeBr emission. MeBr emission was reduced to <15% with the high barrier plastic. Irrigation and tarping enhanced MeBr containment and degradation. Effective treatment of citrus nematodes,fungi, and yellow nutsedge seeds was achieved for shallow injection with tarp or deep injection with the high-barrier plastic. The optimal method for pest control and MeBr emission reduction appears to be a combined use of the high-barrier tarp, irrigation, and deep injection. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,SOIL PHYS & PESTICIDES RES UNIT,450 W BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 31 IS 10 BP 3017 EP 3022 DI 10.1021/es970275n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XZ787 UT WOS:A1997XZ78700070 ER PT J AU Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Jones, FT Deen, J FedorkaCray, PJ Harris, IT AF Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Jones, FT Deen, J FedorkaCray, PJ Harris, IT TI Prevalence of Salmonella in finishing swine raised in different production systems in North Carolina, USA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID EXCRETION; PIGS; BACTERIA AB We compared the prevalence of salmonella in faecal samples from finishing pigs and in feed samples from swine herds in North Carolina, USA. Farms were either finishing sites using all-in/all-out management of buildings in multiple-site systems (14 farms) or farrow-to-finish systems using continuous flow management of finishing barns (15 farms). The two groups of herds differed with respect to several management variables. Salmonella were isolated from 565 of 2288 (24.6%) faecal samples and from at least 1 faecal sample on 24 of 29 (83%) farms. Predominant serotypes were S. derby, S. typhimurium (including copenhagen), S. heidelberg, S. worthington and S. mbandaka. Fewer farrow-to-finish farms were detected as positive compared with all-in/all-out farms. Prevalence was lower for pigs raised on slotted floors compared with all other floor types, and was highest for pigs raised on dirt lots. Modern methods of raising pigs in multiple-site production systems, using all-in/all-out management of finishing pigs, appear to have no benefit in reducing the prevalence of salmonella compared with conventional farrow-to-finish systems. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP Davies, PR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,4700 HILLSBOROUGH ST,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 28 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 119 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1017/S095026889700784X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YD959 UT WOS:A1997YD95900016 PM 9363023 ER PT J AU Gilliam, M AF Gilliam, M TI Identification and roles of non-pathogenic microflora associated with honey bees SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE honey bee; Bacillus spp.; gram-variable pleomorphic bacteria; mold; yeast; pollen ID APIS-MELLIFERA; CHALKBROOD DISEASE; LARVAL PROVISIONS; GENUS BACILLUS; STINGLESS BEE; SOLITARY BEES; POLLEN; MICROBIOLOGY; BREAD; MICROORGANISMS AB Microorganisms associated with honey bees, Apis mellifera, and their food include bacteria (Gram-variable pleomorphic bacteria, Bacillus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae), molds (primarily aspergilli and penicillia), and yeasts (mainly Torulopsis spp.). Eggs, prepupae, pupae, and worker bees emerging from cells as adults are usually free of internal microbes. Microorganisms acquired by larvae through ingestion of contaminated food are usually eliminated through the single defecation that occurs al the end of the feeding period prior to pupation. Emerging adult bees acquire intestinal microflora by food exchange with other bees in the colony and through consumption of pollen. Biochemical contributions of microorganisms to honey bees; the role of microorganisms in the conversion, enhancement, and preservation of pollen stored as bee bread in comb cells; and the production of antimycotic substances by molds and Bacillus spp, from honey bee colonies that are resistant to the fungal disease, chalkbrood, are discussed. An association of Bacillus spp. with bees including honey bees, stingless bees, and solitary bees from tropical and temperate zones appears to have evolved in which female bees inoculate food sources with these bacteria whose chemical products contribute to the elaboration and/or protection from spoilage of food that is stored in the nest. This association is ancient based on results from stingless bees preserved in amber for 25-40 million years. It is concluded that bees, their products, and their associated microorganisms are potential sources of bioactive products including antimicrobial compounds. C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gilliam, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 54 TC 131 Z9 144 U1 9 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 155 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YM698 UT WOS:000071091300001 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Bagi, LK AF Buchanan, RL Bagi, LK TI Effect of water activity and humectant identity on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS; RESPONSE-SURFACE MODEL; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-XYLOSUS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; AEROBIC GROWTH; INITIAL PH; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE AB The effect of three non-ionic humectants on the growth kinetics of a three-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was studied in brain-heart infusion broth. A full factorial design was used to test mannitol (0, 50, 100, 750, 200 g l(-1)), sorbitol (0, 50, 10, 150, 200 g l(-1)), and sucrose (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 g l(-1)) in combination with four pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5) and three incubation temperatures (12 degrees, 19 degrees, and 28 degrees C). Growth was measured using viable counts, and growth curves were then fitted using the Gompertz equation to derive generation times, lag phase durations, maximum population densities, and 'times to a 1000-fold increase: Increasing humectant concentrations (i.e., lowering water activity (a(w))) interacted with decreasing temperatures and pH values to increase lag phase durations and generation times. The results were compared with an earlier study where NaCl was used as the humectant. The response surface model developed for NaCl in the earlier study was evaluated for its ability to successfully predict the growth kinetics of E. coli observed with the three non-ionic solutes. The model provided reasonable estimates for all four humectants, particularly at higher a(w) values. As the minimum a(w) that supported growth was approached, differences among the solutes were observed and the model was less accurate. This was evidenced by conservative (fail-safe) predictions that over estimated the pathogen's growth potential at low a(w) values. Overall, the results indicate that models developed using NaCl as a humectant can be used to obtain estimates of a bacterium's growth in the presence of other solutes. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0101 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800003 ER PT J AU Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR AF Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR TI Growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta in ground beef following treatments with nisin in calcium alginate gels SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INHIBITION; TISSUE AB Sterilized, lean and adipose beef carcass tissues were inoculated with Brochothrix thermosphacta, left untreated (U), or treated with 100 mu g/ml nisin (N), calcium alginate (A), or 100 mu g/ml nisin immobilized in a calcium alginate gel (AN). Treated tissues were aseptically processed into ground beef and populations of B. thermosphacta and nisin activity were determined during refrigerated storage (4 degrees C) at 0, 7, and 14 days. At day 0, bacterial populations of U- and A-treated ground beef were 3.24 and 3.17 log(10) CFU/g respectively. Ground beef treated with N exhibited populations of 2.80 log(10) CFU/g while AN significantly suppressed the organism to undetectable levels (<1.30 log(10) CFU/g) at day 0. In contrast to high nisin titers from AN-treated ground beef at day 0, nisin titers were undetectable in N-treated ground beef. By day 7, B. thermosphacta had grown to 7.18, 7.04, and 6.92 log(10) CFU/g in U-, A-, or N-treated ground beef, respectively, while AN-treated ground beef exhibited significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05) populations of 6.56 log(10) CFU/g. By day 7, nisin titers from AN-treated ground beef were considerably diminished. At day 14 of the study, all treatments exhibited bacterial populations >7 log(10) CFU/g and nisin titers were virtually undetectable in any of the ground beef samples. While the growth of B. thermosphacta could not be effectively suppressed for 14 days, the application of nisin in alginate gels to meat surfaces does afford some immediate protection against undesirable bacteria when these surfaces are processed into ground beef. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0114 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800004 ER PT J AU Bell, KY Cutter, CN Sumner, SS AF Bell, KY Cutter, CN Sumner, SS TI Reduction of foodborne micro-organisms on beef carcass tissue using acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and hydrogen peroxide spray washes SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; SURFACES; EFFICACY; SYSTEM; WATER AB In an attempt to control beef carcass contamination, a search for effective carcass washing treatments has become a major focus in the area of microbiological meat safety. Spray-wash treatments utilizing 1.0% acetic acid, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 1% sodium bicarbonate, alone or in combination, were performed to evaluate their efficacy in reducing numbers of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Salmonella wentworth. The fascia surface of lean and adipose tissue was inoculated with sterilized fecal slurry containing the designated bacteria to obtain 5 log(10) cfu cm(-2). A pilot scale model carcass washer was used to apply the spray treatment (80 psi, 15 s, 25 degrees C). Control samples received no spray treatments. Following treatments, lean and adipose samples were immediately analyzed or held for 24 h at 5 degrees C for analysis of the treatments, for residual bacterial populations, surface pH, color analysis, and residual hydrogen peroxide. The combination wash of acetic acid/3% hydrogen peroxide (AAHP) resulted in the greatest reductions of 3.97 and 3.69 log(10) cfu cm(-2) for E. coli on lean or adipose tissue, respectively. Spray washes with AAHP reduced L. innocua by 3.05 log(10) cfu cm(-2) on lean tissue and 3.52 log(10) cfu cm(-2) on adipose tissue, while S. wentworth was reduced by 3.37 log(10) cfu cm(-2) on lean and 3.69 log(10) cfu cm(-2) on adipose tissue. A spray-wash treatment consisting of the right combination of safe and acceptable solutions may be effective for improving the microbial safety of beef. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 VIRGINIA TECH,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0108 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800006 ER PT J AU Cutter, CN Dorsa, WJ Siragusa, GR AF Cutter, CN Dorsa, WJ Siragusa, GR TI Rapid desiccation with heat in combination with water washing for reducing bacteria on beef carcass surfaces SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DECONTAMINATION AB A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of rapid desiccation with dry heat at one or two points in the slaughter process to reduce bacterial contamination on beef carcass surfaces. In the first set of experiments, several combinations of desiccation and water washes were examined. Beef surfaces were inoculated with bovine feces and water washed (IW; 125 psi, 15 s, 35 degrees C); desiccated (400 degrees C, 15 sl before inoculation and subjected to a water wash (D-15(400 degrees C) IW); inoculated, water washed and desiccated for 30 s (IWD30400 degrees C); Or desiccated, inoculated, water washed, and desiccated for 30 s (D-15(400 degrees C) IW D-30(400 degrees C)). Samples treated with (D15C)-C-400 degrees IWD30400 degrees C exhibited the lowest populations of APC, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. When E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria innocua and Clostridium sporogenes were inoculated on to beef surfaces (3.30, 2.61, 3.97, and 3.63 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively) and monitored following treatments with D-15(400 degrees C) IWD30400 degrees C none of the organisms were detected. To minimize surface discoloration, an additional set of experiments were conducted using less heat (300 degrees C) for shorter times. When desiccation (300 degrees C) was conducted for 10, 12, or 15 s prior to fecal contamination and followed by a water wash D-10,12,15(300 degrees C) IW), it was demonstrated that none of the treatments were significantly different from the others for reducing APC from shortplates; however, the 10 s treatment was preferred for its shorter time. When desiccation for 10 s was combined with water washing and a second desiccation step (300 degrees C) for 15, 20, or 25 s (D-10(300 degrees C) IWD15,20,25300 degrees C), populations of APC, coliforms, and E. coli were reduced to the greatest extent when the second desiccation step was applied for 25 s. This study is the first to report that water washing in combination with rapid desiccation with dry heat at one or two points in the slaughter process is more effective than water washing alone for reducing bacterial contamination on beef surfaces. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1006/fmic.1997.0113 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YC498 UT WOS:A1997YC49800012 ER PT J AU Wachsmuth, IK AF Wachsmuth, IK TI Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Harbinger of change in food safety and tradition in the industrialized world SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wachsmuth, IK (reprint author), US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,OFF PUBL HLTH & SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 10 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA832 UT WOS:A1997YA83200006 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Doyle, MP AF Buchanan, RL Doyle, MP TI Foodborne disease significance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other enterohemorrhagic E-coli SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ACID TOLERANCE; GROUND-BEEF; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; 0157-H7 INFECTION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION AB The unusually virulent enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli, including the O157:H7 serotype, have prompted food microbiologists to rewrite the rule book on food safety. These pathogens are more significant than other well-recognized foodborne pathogens for reasons including the severe consequences of infection that affect all age groups, their low infectious dose, their unusual acid tolerance, and their apparent special but inexplicable association with ruminants that are used for food. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LN,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 85 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 4 U2 33 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 10 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YA832 UT WOS:A1997YA83200022 ER PT J AU Leary, RA Nimerfro, K Holdaway, M Brand, G Burk, T Kolka, R Wolf, A AF Leary, RA Nimerfro, K Holdaway, M Brand, G Burk, T Kolka, R Wolf, A TI Height growth modeling using second order differential equations and the importance of initial height growth SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling Regeneration Success and Early Growth of Forest Stands CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE height growth; second order differential equations; Populus tremuloides; Lake States AB In a study of height growth patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, we represented the height-age pattern using a second order ordinary differential equation with environmentally governed parameters. Solving a second order differential equation that has been converted to a system of two first order equations requires knowledge of, or information on, initial conditions for both state variables, height and height growth. We used the natural boundary condition, h(t = 0) = 0. Initial conditions for the second state variable, height growth, were estimated when fitting the equations to observations. This paper reports our research to predict the initial height growth from stem analysis data, and to assess the sensitivity of predicted height to differences in initial condition estimates. We found initial height growth to be the single most important 'parameter' to be estimated in our model. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Leary, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 97 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00097-2 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YH639 UT WOS:A1997YH63900008 ER PT J AU Lortz, D Kluender, R McCoy, W Stokes, B Klepac, J AF Lortz, D Kluender, R McCoy, W Stokes, B Klepac, J TI Manual felling time and productivity in southern pine forests SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Sixteen stands were harvested by either clearcut, shelterwood, group selection, or single-tree selection methods. Three of the stands had uneven-aged structure. The other 13 were typical, mature, even-aged stands. Harvest intensity (proportion of basal area removed) ranged from 0.27 to 1.00. Harvested sites were similar in slope, average diameter at breast height (DBH), and pre-harvest diameter distributions. Logging contractors used 1 to 3 sawyers with production chain saws on all 16 tracts. There was no difference in production rate between sawyers on the same stand. Factors affecting total felling time (in decreasing order of importance) were DBH of harvested stems, inter-tree distance, and harvest intensity. Total felling time (including walk, acquire, fell, and limb-top times) was inversely related to harvesting intensity and directly related to stem DBH and inter-tree distance. Felling productivity was found to be highest under high intensity harvests of large trees and lowest under low intensity harvests of small trees. Productivity was more sensitive to stem diameter than harvest intensity. C1 AUBURN UNIV,USDA,FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Lortz, D (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,MONTICELLO,AR 71656, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YD101 UT WOS:A1997YD10100012 ER PT J AU Gatchell, CJ Thomas, RE AF Gatchell, CJ Thomas, RE TI Within-grade quality differences for 1 and 2A Common lumber affect processing and yields when gang-ripping red oak lumber SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARBOR; RIPSAW; CROOK; BLADE AB Using a new computer grading program (UGRS), 1 and 2A Common lumber was sorted based on the percentage of board surface measure found in the maximum allowable number of grading cuttings. For 1 Common, 46.0 percent of 921 boards bad percentages in the FAS range (83-1/3% and above). For 2A Common, 54.7 percent of 825 boards had percentages in the 1 Common range. When gang-ripped first, these quality sorts produced important differences in the number of rips, crosscuts, and parts produced for primary and salvage operations when processed to easy and difficult cutting bills. In addition, important differences emerged in the cost and amount of lumber required for each of the quality sorts. RP Gatchell, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,241 MERCER SPRINGS RD,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YD101 UT WOS:A1997YD10100018 ER PT J AU Shupe, TF Hse, CY Grozdits, GA Choong, ET AF Shupe, TF Hse, CY Grozdits, GA Choong, ET TI Effects of silvicultural practice and veneer layup on some mechanical properties of loblolly pine plywood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Loblolly pine three-ply plywood was manufactured from veneer obtained from silviculturally different stands. Panels from each site were assembled with four different veneer grade arrangements and tested in wet and dry conditions. Stiffness properties in both the wet and dry conditions and strength properties in the dry condition were all significantly affected by silvicultural practice; veneer grade arrangement also showed significant differences. Shear strength and bending properties (MOR and MOE) were most favorable with panels manufactured from all A-grade veneer (AAA). Strength properties were found to be very similar between panels manufactured with A-grade veneer on one face and C-grade veneer on the other face and in the core (ACC), and A-grade veneer on both faces and C grade veneer in the core (ACA). C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. LOUISIANA TECH UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,LOUISIANA FORES PROD LAB,RUSTON,LA 71272. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YD101 UT WOS:A1997YD10100021 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Finn, CE Smith, BJ Gupton, CL AF Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Finn, CE Smith, BJ Gupton, CL TI The United States department of agriculture strawberry breeding program SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The comprehensive USDA strawberry breeding program was started by George Darrow Tn Maryland In 1919-20. It continues today at three of six former federal locations: Beltsville, Maryland; Corvallis, Oregon; and Poplarville, Mississippi (breeding has been discontinued at Glenn Dale MD, Carbondale, IL, and Cheyenne, WY). Cooperating scientists, growers and nurseries are presently located in 24 states, three Canadian provinces and five countries. The Beltsville portion of the program originates strawberry cultivars intended for one or more of five broad eastern U.S. regions. Its emphasis is on combining disease and stress resistance with superior fruit quality and productivity for the market outlets of each region. The Corvallis emphasis is on breeding productive, well-colored and fine-flavored procewsing cultivars for the Pacific Northwest. The Poplarville program concentrates on producing shipping cultivars highly resistant to anthracnose crown and fruit rots and adapted to winter and early spring production areas. Seventy-four cultivars and four anthracnose-resistant parent germplasm clones have been Introduced by the USDA and its cooperators. The program has freely shared cultivar and parental germplasm and/or seed progenies worldwide during its entire history. RP Galletta, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YD549 UT WOS:A1997YD54900004 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI USDA stone fruit breeding in the southeastern United States SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEACH AB The Southeast produces about one-third of the freestone peaches in the US. The USDA breeding program formerly at Fort Valley and now at Byron, GA has been the major source of varieties for this industry. The program began in 1937, and has released 30 peach and 3 nectarine varieties, plus 2 peach rootstocks. These varieties have been the mainstay of southeastern peach production. As state breeding programs have been curtailed, the USDA program will be increasingly important in providing the industry with competitive varieties. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YD549 UT WOS:A1997YD54900005 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Hoffman, DL Dohrmann, J Gruber, R Franckowiak, J AF Dahleen, LS Hoffman, DL Dohrmann, J Gruber, R Franckowiak, J TI Use of a subset of doubled-haplold lines for RAPD interval mapping in barley SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; interval mapping; molecular markers ID SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RUST RESISTANCE; GENETIC-MARKERS; SPRING BARLEY; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; MAP; DNA AB Molecular markers have been used in barley to locate genes and quantitative trait loci. Only a few RAPD markers have been located on barley marker maps. The objectives of this study were (i) to place RAPD markers in specific intervals on the barley linkage map developed from the cross Steptoe (S) x Morex (M), (ii) to examine the distribution of RAPD markers, and (iii) to compare markers amplified by Taq DNA polymerase with those amplified by the Stoffel fragment of Taq DNA polymerase. Screening of DNA from S and M with 362 decamer primers identified 85 that amplified 127 reliable RAPDs. A subset of 15 doubled-haploid (DH) lines from the 150 DH line mapping population was used to place these RAPD markers in intervals on the SM map. This subset can be used for rapid placement of any new markers on the SM linkage map. Most of the RAPD markers were dominant but four codominant RAPDs were identified. The RAPDs were not evenly distributed, with many clustered around the centromeric region of each chromosome. Two of these clusters were located in intervals larger than 15 cM. Testing of 38 to 42 additional DH lines provided more precise placement of eight of the markers in these clusters. Reliable RAPDs were detected with 44% of the primers tested with the Stoffel fragment, but with only 17% of the primers tested with Taq DNA polymerase. These RAPDs provide additional markers for use in barley improvement. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,SU STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1997 VL 40 IS 5 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1139/g97-082 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YC803 UT WOS:A1997YC80300006 PM 18464852 ER PT J AU Murray, AK Garino, JA Munk, DS Wroble, J Brown, J SassenrathCole, GF AF Murray, AK Garino, JA Munk, DS Wroble, J Brown, J SassenrathCole, GF TI Sucrosyl oligosaccharide metabolism and cotton fiber development SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GLYCOZYME INC,IRVINE,CA 92614. CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,COOPERAT EXTENS,FRESNO,CA 93702. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 7 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YA478 UT WOS:A1997YA47800078 ER PT J AU Murray, AK Garino, JA Brown, J SassenrathCole, GF AF Murray, AK Garino, JA Brown, J SassenrathCole, GF TI Differences in acid labile glycan polymers from developing cotton fibers from normal and stressed plants SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GLYCOZYME INC,IRVINE,CA 92614. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 7 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YA478 UT WOS:A1997YA47800077 ER PT J AU FernandezRodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, L Elssasser, T Penas, J Casal, M Medina, J Cuttita, F AF FernandezRodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, L Elssasser, T Penas, J Casal, M Medina, J Cuttita, F TI Circulating adrenomedullin and peripheral arterial vasodilatation in cirrhosis SO GUT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP XERAL VIGO,VIGO,SPAIN. UNIV NAVARRA,E-31080 PAMPLONA,SPAIN. NCI,DCS,NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD. ARS,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD OCT PY 1997 VL 41 SU 3 BP A232 EP A232 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YB966 UT WOS:A1997YB96600988 ER PT J AU FernandezRodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, L Penas, J Elssasser, T Medina, J Cuttitta, F AF FernandezRodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, L Penas, J Elssasser, T Medina, J Cuttitta, F TI Circulating adrenomedullin and peripheral arterial vasodilatation in cirrhosis. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP XERAL VIGO,VIGO,SPAIN. UNIV NAVARRA,NAVARRA,SPAIN. NCI,DCS,NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 619 EP 619 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87400618 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Smith, MW Worley, RE Anderson, PC Thompson, TT Grauke, LJ AF Wood, BW Smith, MW Worley, RE Anderson, PC Thompson, TT Grauke, LJ TI Reproductive and vegetative characteristics of pecan cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flowering; budbreak; pollination; ripening; production; orchard management; yield; Carya illinoinensis ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS METHOD; POLLINATION; BUDBREAK AB Staminate and pistillate flower maturity of 80 cultivars of young (<15 years old) pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees are presented. These patterns show that pollination and receptivity windows within the flowering season can be divided into very early, early, mid, late, and very late season protandrous (Type I) and protogynous (Type II) types. This system therefore provides a seasonally based 30-class Type I and Type II alternative to the standard two-class Type I and Type II system, thus offering enhanced resolution of flowering intervals and an improved means of selecting cultivars to ensure cross-pollination of yard and orchard trees. Scott-Knott cluster analysis of budbreak, nut ripening date, and date of autumn leaf drop segregated cultivars into one of several categories. C1 GEORGIA COASTAL PLAINS EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV FLORIDA,FLORIDA AGR EXPT CTR,MONTICELLO,FL 32344. USDA ARS,PECAN RES PROGRAM,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1028 EP 1033 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YA730 UT WOS:A1997YA73000019 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Tedders, WL Taylor, J AF Wood, BW Tedders, WL Taylor, J TI Control of pecan aphids with an organosilicone surfactant SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPM; Monellia caryella; Monelliopsis pecanis; Melanocallis caryaefoliae; biological control; alternate bearing; gas exchange; Carya illinoinensis ID LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HOMOPTERA; TISSUE; SPRAYS AB Aphids cause major annual economic losses to the U.S. pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] industry and are becoming harder to control with standard pesticides. An evaluation of efforts by certain growers to suppress aphid populations using air-blast sprays of 0.05% Silwet L-77, a non-ionic super-wetting organosilicone surfactant, indicated that: 1) reductions in blackmargined aphid [Monellia caryella (Fitch)] levels were mostly attributable to the air-blast spray effect rather than to the Silwet L-77 component; 2) a 0.05% solution of Situ et L-77 reduced net photosynthesis (A) of foliage by 5% for at least 14 days post-treatment; and 3) the efficacy of 0.05 % Silwet L-77 sprays is not substantially increased by doubling the volume of spray per tree (1868 L.ha(-1)). However, higher Silwet L-77 concentrations were highly effective in killing aphids, although there was little or no residual activity. A response curve indicated that air-blast sprays of orchard trees with 0.30% (v/v) Silwet L-77 (at 934 L.ha(-1)) are capable of reducing yellow pecan aphid (Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell) populations by at least 84% while only reducing A by less than or equal to 10%. Chemical names used: silicone-polyether copolymer (Silwet L-77). C1 UNITED AGRI PROD,SANFORD,FL 32772. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 NEW DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1074 EP 1076 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YA730 UT WOS:A1997YA73000032 ER PT J AU Thomas, CE Caniglia, EJ AF Thomas, CE Caniglia, EJ TI Evaluation of US honeydew-type melons for resistance against downy mildew and Alternaria leaf blight SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; Alternaria cucumerina; Pseudoperonospora cubensis ID CUCUMIS-MELO; MUSKMELONS AB Seventeen U.S. honeydew-type cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and three control cultigens were evaluated in replicated, artificial inoculations under controlled conditions for resistance against downy mildew and Alternaria leaf blight. All cultivars tested were susceptible to downy mildew. However, all of the tested cultivars were significantly more resistant to Alternaria leaf blight than the susceptible control. Twelve of these cultivars were not significantly more susceptible to Alternaria leaf blight than the two resistant controls. These cultivars may provide useful sources of Alternaria leaf blight resistance for incorporation into other commercial melon types. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1114 EP 1115 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YA730 UT WOS:A1997YA73000042 ER PT J AU Gillaspie, AG Jarret, RL AF Gillaspie, AG Jarret, RL TI Watermelon mosaic virus resistant watermelon breeding lines WM-1, WM-2, WM-3, and WM-4 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus ID CITRULLUS RP Gillaspie, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1136 EP 1136 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YA730 UT WOS:A1997YA73000050 ER PT J AU AbdulBaki, AA AF AbdulBaki, AA TI Anwar A. Khan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual RP AbdulBaki, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1137 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA YA730 UT WOS:A1997YA73000051 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Hess, JR Carman, JG AF Banowetz, GM Hess, JR Carman, JG TI Monoclonal antibodies against the plant cytokinin, dihydrozeatin riboside SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID ZEATIN RIBOSIDE; ISOPENTENYL ADENOSINE; GROWTH-REGULATOR; ABSCISIC-ACID; QUANTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; WHEAT AB Three monoclonal antibodies (all IgG(1)) were prepared against the plant cytokinin dihydrozeatin riboside (diH[9R]Z) and characterized for suitability in the isolation and quantification of dihydrozeatin-type phytohormones. These antibodies detected as little as 5-10 pg of the homologous cytokinin when used in both competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays and each had characteristic crossreactivity with structurally-related cytokinins. One antibody was used to quantify HPLC-purified diH[9R]Z recovered from wheat tissue. The same antibody also was linked to an insoluble support for use in affinity purification of a mixture of cytokinins. These antibodies will be useful for purification and quantification of dihydrozeatin and its 9-riboside and 9-glucoside in plant tissue. C1 INEL,IDAHO FALLS,ID. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84311. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1089/hyb.1997.16.479 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA YE707 UT WOS:A1997YE70700010 PM 9388032 ER PT J AU Schloman, WW McIntyre, D Siler, DJ Stumpf, DK Hoffmann, JJ AF Schloman, WW McIntyre, D Siler, DJ Stumpf, DK Hoffmann, JJ TI Semisynthetic guayule latex with reduced allergenicity SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops CY SEP, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Assoc Adv Ind Crops DE guayule; Hevea brasiliensis; latex allergy; latex protein; natural rubber; Parthenium argentatum; cis-1,4-polyisoprene AB Semisynthetic latices were prepared batchwise using solvent-swollen rubber extracted from guayule (Parthenium argentatum). Emulsification of the extracted rubber with anionic surfactants followed by vacuum desolventization yielded stable, low-resin products. The swollen guayule rubber had a low protein content (2.3 mu g/g dry rubber). As a consequence, the semisynthetic latices had protein contents (11-20 mu g/g dry rubber) significantly lower than that of native guayule latex (129 mu g/g dry rubber) isolated directly from the shrub. More importantly, these semisynthetic latices and the dipped films prepared from compounded latices contained none of the protein allergens associated with either Hevea brasiliensis latex or native guayule latex. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV ARIZONA,BIORESOURCES RES FACIL,OALS,TUCSON,AZ 85706. RP Schloman, WW (reprint author), UNIV AKRON,MAURICE MORTON INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00032-0 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YA215 UT WOS:A1997YA21500004 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Hsu, J AF Glenn, GM Hsu, J TI Compression-formed starch-based plastic SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE starch; biopolymer; ovenable food container ID FILMS AB Alternatives to synthetic plastics used in ovenable trays for frozen foods are of interest because of environmental and food safety concerns. A new technique for making a compression molded starch-based plastic is described that uses starch foams rather than starch powders as a feedstock. Starch foams were compressed between polished, unheated platens into plastic sheets from which tensile bars were cut. The starch plastic had the highest tensile strength when compressed greater than 69 MPa. Starch powders that were compressed under identical conditions did not form a cohesive starch plastic. Initially, the tensile strength of the starch plastic derived from starch foams was comparable to that of polypropylene. However, tensile and flexural strength decreased with time for starch plastics stored at room temperature or -20 degrees C. The functional properties of samples that were baked in contact with three different food types (low moisture, high moisture, oily) were studied. The tensile and flexural strength of polypropylene samples were not affected by baking treatments. However, the starch plastic samples lost both tensile and flexural strength and formed numerous blisters in some treatments. Maltose was blended into the starch plastic in efforts to reduce the hygroscopicity of the starch and decrease blister formation. While maltose significantly reduced the hygroscopicity of the starch plastic, it did not prevent blister formation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00068-X PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YA215 UT WOS:A1997YA21500005 ER PT J AU Wing, RE Willett, JL AF Wing, RE Willett, JL TI Water soluble oxidized starches by peroxide reactive extrusion SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE starch; oxidation; carboxyl content; carbonyl content; reactive extrusion ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CATIONIC STARCH; OXIDATION; EXTRUDER; COOKING AB Oxidation of starches of different amylose content was investigated to increase carboxyl and carbonyl content and to increase water solubility. Three types of cornstarches containing up to 70% amylose were oxidized by a reactive extrusion-drum drying process, using hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous-cupric sulfate catalyst. Increasing the peroxide level increased oxidation and solubility. Starches with higher amylose content gave reduced solubility, but higher carboxyl content than the low ones. Soluble products had solution viscosities comparable to maltodextrins of dextrose equivalent 5-10. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Wing, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00069-1 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YA215 UT WOS:A1997YA21500006 ER PT J AU HarryOkuru, RE Abbott, TP AF HarryOkuru, RE Abbott, TP TI Cardenolide analysis of cold-pressed milkweed oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE cardenolides; milkweed oils; Asclepias syriaca; cold-pressed oil AB A spectrophotometric procedure was developed to detect and quantify cardenolide content of oil extracted from the seed of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). The technique exploits the reaction of 2,2',4,4'-tetranitrobiphenyl (TNBP) with cardenolides to form colored complexes in the presence of NaOH. The complex has an absorbance maximum at 620 nm with intensity maximum usually attained in 40 min after NaOH addition. Digitoxin, a known cardiac glycoside, was employed in generating standard calibration curves for the analysis. Absorbance spectra of A. syriaca cold-pressed and petroleum ether extracted oil samples as well as food-grade commercial vegetable oils, were compared to those of standards in order to detect and estimate their cardenolide content. No cardenolides were found in A. syriaca oil at detection limits of less than 1 ppm. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP HarryOkuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00070-8 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YA215 UT WOS:A1997YA21500007 ER PT J AU Sonnen, DM Reiner, RS Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA AF Sonnen, DM Reiner, RS Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA TI Degradation of pulp-mill effluent by oxygen and Na-5[PV2Mo10O40], a multipurpose delignification and wet air oxidation catalyst SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY AB Water-soluble salts of polyoxometalate (POM) anions can be used as (net) catalysts for selective, effluent-free oxygen delignification (bleaching) of unbleached kraft wood-pulps. Essential to this process is the use of the POM anions as catalysts for the wet oxidation of the lignin removed from the pulp fibers. In anaerobic bleaching, a 0.5 M solution of alpha-Na-5[PV2Mo10O40] (POMox) is combined with wood pulp and the mixture heated to 125 degrees C. This treatment dissolves certain organic compounds (some lignin and polysaccharide fragments) with a combined chemical oxygen demand (GOD) of 1500-2000 mg of O-2/L. Before the solution can be used again for bleaching, the POM anions (POMred) must be reoxidized and the dissolved organic compounds removed. Here, a second function of the POM anions is realized. They are used under mild conditions (150 degrees C, 0.7 MPa of O-2) to catalyze the wet air oxidation of the dissolved organic compounds. After several cycles of anaerobic bleaching and wet oxidation, a steady-state condition in COD (at ca. 550 mg of O-2/L) is achieved. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10 BP 4134 EP 4142 DI 10.1021/ie970150r PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA XZ188 UT WOS:A1997XZ18800013 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Smith, EO TI Changes in fat-free mass and fat mass in postpartum women: a comparison of body composition models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE postpartum women; total body water; total body potassium; body fat; densitometry; DXA; TOBEC; skinfolds ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; WEIGHT-LOSS; 4-COMPARTMENT MODEL; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; OBESE SUBJECTS; DENSITY; WATER; POTASSIUM; INVIVO; RELIABILITY AB OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare 2-, 3- and 4-component models of body composition based on total body water (TBW), underwater weighing (UWW), skinfold thicknesses (SF), total body potassium (TBK), dual-energy X-ay absorptiometry (DXA) and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC); (2) to compare postpartum changes in body composition estimated by the 2-, 3- and 4-component models and (3) to test for an effect of pregnancy or lactation on the hydration, density and potassium content of fat free mass (FFM) in postpartum women. DESIGN: Longitudinal measurements of body composition at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. SUBJECTS: Thirty-five healthy postpartum women, aged 30.2+/-3.5 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was estimated by 2-component models based on TBW, UWW, SF, TBK, DXA or TOBEC; 3-component models based on TBW and UWW (Fuller 3, Siri 3); and a 4-component model (Fuller 4) based on TBW, UWW and bone mineral content. RESULTS: Systematic differences were seen among the various body composition models, with the following ranking from lowest to highest estimate of fat mass (FM): TOBEC, TBW, Fuller 3, Siri 3, Fuller 4, UWW, SF, TBK, and DXA. Estimated changes in FFM and FM were not significantly different among methods, except for the 3-6 months FFM and FM changes estimated from TBW, which differed from SF, DXA, and TOBEC. Pregnancy-induced changes in the hydration, density and potassium content of FFM were not evident by 3 months postpartum (0.73+/-0.02, 1.099+/-0.015 kg/l and 2.31+/-0.10 g/kg, respectively). CONCLUSION: In spite of systematic differences among body composition models for the measurement of FFM and FM, changes in FFM and FM did not differ significantly among the models. Since there was no apparent effect of pregnancy or lactation on the postpartum composition of FFM, 2-component models of body composition are acceptable for mse in postpartum women beyond the puerperium. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 10 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800482 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY529 UT WOS:A1997XY52900006 PM 9347405 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Ickes, SK Tyson, LA Seamans, TW AF Belant, JL Ickes, SK Tyson, LA Seamans, TW TI Comparison of d-pulegone and mangone as cowbird feeding repellents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brown-headed cowbird; chemical control; mangone; Molothrus ater; pulegone; repellent ID EUROPEAN STARLINGS; METHYL ANTHRANILATE AB We compared the effectiveness of d-pulegone and mangone as feeding repellents to captive adult male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater Boddaert) during October-November 1995. For each repellent, we conducted 4-day, one-and two-choice cage tests using concentrations (w/w) of 0.1%, 0.10%, and 0.001% with millet. During one-and two-choice tests, 0.1% d-pulegone( reduced (P<0.01) cowbird feeding but lower concentrations did not. In contrast, concentrations of mangone as low as 0.001% reduced (P<0.05) food consumption during two-choice tests. Consumption of mangone-treated millet, however, was similar (P>0.05) among one-choice tests and similar to total food consumption observed during two-choice tests. We conclude that mangone is less effective than d-pulegone and would be likely to be ineffective as a repellent for seed treatment. We recommend field tests to further assess the effectiveness of d-pulegone or comparable isomers as avian feeding repellents. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Belant, JL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Pk Headquarters,POB 9, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 43 IS 4 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1080/096708797228618 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YR946 UT WOS:000071547700010 ER PT J AU Gillies, RR Carlson, TN Cui, J Kustas, WP Humes, KS AF Gillies, RR Carlson, TN Cui, J Kustas, WP Humes, KS TI A verification of the 'triangle' method for obtaining surface soil water content and energy fluxes from remote measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and surface radiant temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-MODELS; LAND-SURFACE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPIRATION; SIMULATIONS; CALIBRATION; BALANCE; FIFE; CROP AB An inversion procedure is presented for estimating surface soil water content (as surface moisture availability, M-o), fractional vegetation cover (Fr), and the instantaneous surface energy fluxes, using remote multispectral measurements made from an aircraft. The remotely derived values of these fluxes and the soil water content are compared with field measurements from two intensive field measurement programs-FIFE and MONSOON '90. The measurements from the NS001 multispectral radiometer were reduced to fractional vegetation cover, surface soil water content (surface moisture availability), and turbulent energy fluxes, with the application of a soil vegetation atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model. A further step in the inversion process involved 'stretching' the SVAT results between pre-determined boundaries of the distribution of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface radiant temperature (T-o). Comparisons with measurements at a number of sites from two field experiments show standard errors, between derived and measured fluxes, generally between 25 and 55 Wm(-2), or about 10-30 per cent of the magnitude of the fluxes and for surface moisture availability of 16 per cent. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT GEOG,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP Gillies, RR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,COLL AGR SCI,DEPT GEOG & EARTH RESOURCES,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI Gillies, Robert/C-1309-2010 NR 35 TC 370 Z9 448 U1 6 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 15 BP 3145 EP 3166 DI 10.1080/014311697217026 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YA178 UT WOS:A1997YA17800003 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB FournieAmazouz, E Postic, D Trott, DJ Grimont, PAD Baranton, G Hampson, DJ SaintGirons, I AF Stanton, TB FournieAmazouz, E Postic, D Trott, DJ Grimont, PAD Baranton, G Hampson, DJ SaintGirons, I TI Recognition of two new species of intestinal spirochetes: Serpulina intermedia sp. nov. and Serpulina murdochii sp. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HYODYSENTERIAE COMB-NOV; RHEAS RHEA-AMERICANA; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; GEN-NOV; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SWINE-DYSENTERY; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION AB On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization data, nine intestinal spirochete strains were grouped into five genospecies. Three of these genospecies were previously recognized Serpulina species, Serpulina hyodysenteriae (type strain, B78), Serpulina innocens (type strain, B256), and Serpulina pilosicoli (type strain, P43/6/78; previously ''Anguillina coli''). The other two genospecies were found to be new Serpulina species, for which we propose the names Serpulina intermedia sp, nov, (with type strain PWS/A) and Serpulina murdochii sp, nov, (with type strain 56-150), S, intermedia and S, murdochii cells had a typical spirochete ultrastructure with 22 to 28 periplasmic flagella per cell, Various soluble sugars were growth substrates for S, intermedia and S, murdochii. During growth in basal heart infusion broth supplemented with fetal calf serum beneath an O-2-N-2 (1:99) atmosphere, cells of these new species consumed oxygen and glucose and produced H-2, CO2, acetate, butyrate, and ethanol, The G+C content of the DNA of S, murdochii 56-150(T) was 27 mol%, and the G+C content of the DNA of S, intermedia PWS/A(T) was 25 mol%, In addition, a restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR assay for the detection of intestinal spirochetes was developed, The assay was based on generation and restriction endonuclease analysis (with HinfI, TaqI, Sau3A, and MboII) of a 558-bp amplicon of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encoding 16S rRNA, The PCR amplification was specific for Serpulina species and Brachyspira aalborgi, Four restriction digest patterns were found for the five Serpulina species, HinfI restriction differentiated S. murdochii and S. innocens from the other species, Sau3A and TaqI restrictions gave unique fragment patterns for S. murdochii and S. pilosicoli, respectively, S. hyodysenteriae and S. intermedia DNAs gave the same fragment pattern regardless of the enzyme tested, B. aalborgi was differentiated from the Serpulina species by MboII digestion of the 16S rDNA amplicon. C1 INST PASTEUR,UNITE BACTERIOL MOL & MED,F-75724 PARIS,FRANCE. INST PASTEUR,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. MURDOCH UNIV,SCH VET STUDIES,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), ARS,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Hampson, David/A-9464-2008 OI Hampson, David/0000-0002-7729-0427 NR 43 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1012 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YB183 UT WOS:A1997YB18300013 PM 9336899 ER PT J AU French, FE Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Carle, P Bove, JM Henegar, RB Adams, JR Gasparich, GE Williamson, DL AF French, FE Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Carle, P Bove, JM Henegar, RB Adams, JR Gasparich, GE Williamson, DL TI Spiroplasma lineolae sp. nov., from the horsefly Tabanus lineola (Diptera: Tabanidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASS MOLLICUTES; GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASSIFICATION AB Spiroplasma strain TALS-2(T) from the viscera of the striped horsefly, Tabanus lineola, collected in Georgia was serologically distinct from other Spiroplasma species, groups, putative groups, and subgoups. Light and electron microscopy of cells of strain TALS-2(T) revealed helical motile cells surrounded only by a single cytoplasmic membrane, The organism grew in M1D and SP-4 liquid media, Growth also occurred in 1% serum fraction medium and in conventional horse serum medium, Growth in liquid media was serum dependent. The strain passed through 220-nm filter poles, but was retained in filters with 100-nm pores. The optimum temperature for growth was 30 degrees C. Multiplication occurred at temperatures from 20 to 37 degrees C, with a doubling time at the optimum temperature of 5.6 h in M1D broth, Strain TALS-2(T) catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 25 +/- 1 mol%. The genome size was 1,390 kbp. Six isolates serologically similar to strain TAS-2(T) were obtained from the same host in coastal Georgia. Three strains closely related to strain TALS-2(T) were isolated from the horsefly Poeciloderas quadripunctatus in Costa Rica, Strain TALS-2(T) (= ATCC 51749), a representative of group XXVII, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma lineolae (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales). C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,INST ARTHROPODOL & PARASITOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,MYCOPLASMA SECT,MOL MICROBIOL LAB,FREDERICK CANC RES FACIL,FREDERICK,MD 21702. INRA,BIOL CELLULAIRE & MOL LAB,F-33833 VILLENAVE DORNON,FRANCE. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. USDA,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP French, FE (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1081 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YB183 UT WOS:A1997YB18300023 PM 9336909 ER PT J AU Barrera, LL Trujillo, ME Goodfellow, M Garcia, FJ HernandezLucas, I Davila, G vanBerkum, P MartinezRomero, E AF Barrera, LL Trujillo, ME Goodfellow, M Garcia, FJ HernandezLucas, I Davila, G vanBerkum, P MartinezRomero, E TI Biodiversity of bradyrhizobia nodulating Lupinus spp. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYROLYSIS-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TREE ACACIA-ALBIDA; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; LEGUMINOUS PLANTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The genetic structure of Bradyrhizobium isolates recovered from three Lupinus species (Lupinus campestris, Lupinus montanus, and Lupinus exaltatus) groan in Mexico Was examined. Among 41 Bradyrhizobium isolates, 18 electrophoretic types (ETs) were distinguished by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of five metabolic enzymes. The mean genetic diversity, 0.64, indicated that there was great genetic diversity in the population sampled, Most isolates (63%) fell into two closely related clusters (clusters I and II) and were the types most frequently isolated from the root nodules of L. montanus and L. campestris. ET cluster III isolates were frequent nodule occupants of L. exaltatus. The isolates also were assigned to three main groups bg using Curie point pyrolysis mass spectrometry. In general, the multilocus enzyme electrophoretic data and pyrolysis mass spectrometric data agreed. We determined the 16S rRNA sequences of representative Lupinus isolates and of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6(T) and found that the lupine isolates were highly. related to the B. japonicum type strain, although not all B. japonicum type strains (subcultures maintained in different bacterial collections)had identical small-subunit rRNA. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO, DEPT MOL GENET, CTR INVEST FIJAC NITROGENO, CUERNAVACA, MORELOS, MEXICO. MED SCH NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, DEPT MICROBIOL, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NE2 4HH, TYNE & WEAR, ENGLAND. ARS, SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INST POLITECN NACL, CTR DESARROLLO PROD BIOT, LAB BIOTECNOL, YAUTEPEC 62730, MEXICO. RI Trujillo, Martha/L-1763-2014 OI Trujillo, Martha/0000-0002-9193-1673 NR 59 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1086 EP 1091 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YB183 UT WOS:A1997YB18300025 PM 9336911 ER PT J AU Palys, T Nakamura, LK Cohan, FM AF Palys, T Nakamura, LK Cohan, FM TI Discovery and classification of ecological diversity in the bacterial world: the role of DNA sequence data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SP-NOV; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC EXCHANGE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-INTRACELLULARE; EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE AB All living organisms fall into discrete clusters of closely related individuals on the basis of gene sequence similarity. Evolutionary genetic theory predicts that in the bacterial world, each sequence similarity cluster should correspond to an ecologically distinct population. Indeed, surveys of sequence diversity in protein-coding genes show that sequence clusters correspond to ecological populations. Future population surveys of protein-coding gene sequences can be expected to disclose many previously unknown ecological populations of bacteria. Sequence similarity clustering in protein-coding genes is recommended as a primary criterion for demarcating taxa. C1 WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459. ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 91 TC 275 Z9 287 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1156 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YB183 UT WOS:A1997YB18300036 PM 9336922 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Severson, RF Arrendale, RF AF Dailey, OD Severson, RF Arrendale, RF TI Nonpolar lipids of Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats .2. Unsaturated esters and free fatty acids, sterols, and triterpenols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lipid; Amaranthus palmeri; fatty acid; sterol; triterpenol; column chromatography; thin-layer chromatography; capillary gas chromatography; GC/MS ID GRAIN AB An earlier paper on the nonpolar lipids of Amaranthus palmeri described the compositions of the saturated fatty alcohol and wax ester components of the leaves and flowering parts. In this paper, the compositions of esters containing unsaturated acyl moieties (triglycerides, steryl esters, and terpenol esters), as determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis, are presented. In addition, the free fatty acid, sterol, and triterpenol components were characterized. The triglycerides constituted the major class of esters. The major hydroxylated constituents were palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids and the sterol chondrillasterol. The sterols campesterol, stigmasterol, ergost-7-en-3 beta-ol, chondrillast-7-enol, and 24-ethylidenecholest-7-en-3 beta-ol and the triterpenols beta- and alpha-amyrin, lupeol, cycloartenol, and 24-methylenecycloartenol were present in lesser quantities. C1 ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, USDA, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), ARS, SO REG RES CTR, USDA, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3914 EP 3920 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700036 ER PT J AU Argauer, RJ Lehotay, SJ Brown, RT AF Argauer, RJ Lehotay, SJ Brown, RT TI Determining lipophilic pyrethroids and chlorinated hydrocarbons in fortified ground beef using ion-trap mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticide residue analysis; meat; ion-trap mass spectrometry ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; FENVALERATE INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; BY-PRODUCTS; TISSUES AB A rapid procedure has been developed that is offered as an improvement for the analysis of lipophilic insecticides in meat. The number of physical and chemical manipulations required of previous methodologies to separate pesticide analytes from fat has been minimized, and the number of solvent evaporations has been reduced to one. Removal of fat from the meat extracts was accomplished with an iso-octane/acetonitrile partition and Florisil column cleanup. Recoveries of the organochlorine pesticides, lindane, p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDT, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin, and the pyrethroids, bifenthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fluvalinate, and deltamethrin, from fortified meat samples ranged from 59 to 82% with typical relative standard deviations of 10% except for p,p'-DDT, which gave lower, more variable recoveries likely due to degradation. Limits of detection of the pesticides in ground beef ranged from 2 ng/g for bifenthrin and p,p'-DDE to 24 ng/g for heptachlor epoxide. RP Argauer, RJ (reprint author), ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3936 EP 3939 DI 10.1021/jf9701953 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700040 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Barton, FE Windham, WR Himmelsbach, DS AF Kays, SE Barton, FE Windham, WR Himmelsbach, DS TI Prediction of total dietary fiber by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in cereal products containing high sugar and crystalline sugar SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; near-infrared; chemometrics; cereal ID FOODS; DEFINITION; SPECTRA; BRAN AB Crystalline sugar has unique spectral characteristics that influence the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum often used to assess product composition. The current study investigated the potential of expanding an existing NIR spectroscopic calibration for the prediction of total dietary fiber in cereal products to include products with high sugar and crystalline sugar content. Using AOAC Procedure 991.43 as the reference method, an NIRSystems monochromator and ISI software for scanning and data analysis, and a selection algorithm to select representative high-sugar samples, a sugar-expanded partial least-squares model (n = 100) was developed for prediction of dietary fiber. The standard error of cross-validation, R-2, standard error of performance (n = 45 independent validation samples) and r(2) were 1.88%, 0.98, 1.40%, and 0.99, respectively. The NIR model for prediction of total dietary fiber in cereal products was, thus, expanded to include samples with high sugar and crystalline sugar content. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,USDA,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3944 EP 3951 DI 10.1021/jf9703260 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700042 ER PT J AU Moshonas, MG Shaw, PE AF Moshonas, MG Shaw, PE TI Quantitation of volatile constituents in mandarin juices and its use for comparison with orange juices by multivariate analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE headspace gas chromatography; principal component analysis; fruit juice composition; Citrus reticulata ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Sixteen unpasteurized juices and one pasteurized juice from mandarin and mandarin hybrid fruit were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography (HSGC), and 42 volatile constituents were quantified in each sample. Fifteen of the mandarin juice samples had relatively low levels of volatile constituents believed important to citrus flavor when compared to comparable values in orange. The quantities were used for comparison with unpasteurized orange juices using data similarly obtained in an earlier study by HSGC. Multivariate analysis separated the mandarin and orange samples, when the first three principal components were displayed graphically. RP Moshonas, MG (reprint author), ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD RES LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,USDA,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3968 EP 3972 DI 10.1021/jf970293o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700046 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Burns, CF Butchko, CA Blankemeyer, JT AF Friedman, M Burns, CF Butchko, CA Blankemeyer, JT TI Folic acid protects against potato glycoalkaloid alpha-chaconine-induced disruption of frog embryo cell membranes and developmental toxicity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-chaconine; folic acid; food safety; frog embryos; glycoalkaloids; membrane potential; potatoes; teratogenicity ID NEURAL-TUBE CLOSURE; RAT EMBRYOS; METHIONINE; SOLANINE; DEFECTS; ALKALOIDS; KINETICS; XENOPUS; WEIGHTS; MICE AB To demonstrate whether folic acid can protect Xenopus embryos against reported adverse effects of the potato glycoalkaloid alpha-chaconine, the frog embryos were exposed simultaneously to the glycoalkaloid, folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid), and an electrochromic fluorescent dye, Di-4-ANEPPS, in a specially designed instrument that measures embryonic membrane potential. Folic acid decreased the chaconine-induced fluorescence, with a maximum decrease occurring at about 10 mg/L of both folic acid and the glycoalkaloid dissolved in solution. The protective effect was also operative in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX), in which survival and teratogenicity of the whole embryos were the endpoints. Possible mechanisms of the protective effect and the possible significance of the results to food safety and health are discussed. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOL GENET,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3991 EP 3994 DI 10.1021/jf9702205 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB397 UT WOS:A1997YB39700051 ER PT J AU Ferguson, HJ Eaton, JL Rogers, CE AF Ferguson, HJ Eaton, JL Rogers, CE TI Larval rearing density effects on lipid reserves and wing-loading in fail armyworm adults (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; migration; lipid reserves; larval density; wing-loading ID EXEMPTA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; ANTICARSIA-GEMMATALIS HUBNER; SPODOPTERA-EXEMPTA; AFRICAN ARMYWORM; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; MOTHS; PHASE; REPRODUCTION; ALLOCATION; MIGRATION AB A laboratory study was conducted to determine if a high larval rearing density produces premigrant traits in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and if these traits can be used as criteria for separating non-premigrant from premigrant groups. The putative premigrant traits of high lipid reserves and low wing-loading were measured in newly emerged adult fall armyworm. An increase in rearing density significantly increased adult whole-body lipid content, but the increase may be due, in part, to enhanced nutrition through cannibalism. Although larval rearing density did not affect wing-loading, the fall armyworm as a migrant species showed lower than theoretically expected wing-loading values. The lack of density-dependent increases in lipid reserves and the lack of density effects on adult activity, developmental time, and size (documented herein and in previous studies) may indicate that a premigrant phase induced by high larval density does not exist in the fall armyworm. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP Ferguson, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,5230 KONNOWAC PASS RD,WAPATO,WA 98951, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 369 EP 384 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA YK662 UT WOS:A1997YK66200003 ER PT J AU Simkovic, I Francis, BA Reeves, JB AF Simkovic, I Francis, BA Reeves, JB TI Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of starch-based ion-exchangers SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; starch; ion-exchangers; amine; quaternary ammonium groups ID LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIALS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; BAGASSE; WOOD AB The pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis of ion-exchangers prepared from starch by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (E) in the presence of NaOH and water, with or without NH4OH and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CHMAC) was performed. The data were compared with results run on polymers formed from E, NH4OH and CHMAC in the absence of starch. The total ion chromatograms showed differences in the composition of degradation products. The pyrolysis of unmodified starch produced predominantly 2-furaldehyde, 3, 5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde, 3-methoxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, 1,4-dideoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-pyranose-3-ulose, and levoglucosan. These products were formed to a much lower extent by pyrolysis of starch derivatives and were not formed from samples prepared in the absence of starch. However the chemical linkage of the poly(hydroxypropyl) matrix to starch or to the quaternary ammonium groups could not be proved by this method because none of the identified products had this type of linkage or indicates the linkage in analysed material. Only indirect proof of linkage can be concluded from the dramatic decrease of degradation products from starch in the modified starch samples. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, NCML, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Simkovic, I (reprint author), SLOVAK ACAD SCI, INST CHEM, DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, BRATISLAVA 84238, SLOVAKIA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 EI 1873-250X J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD OCT PY 1997 VL 43 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(97)00063-6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA YF951 UT WOS:A1997YF95100005 ER PT J AU Lana, RP Fox, DG Russell, JB Perry, TC AF Lana, RP Fox, DG Russell, JB Perry, TC TI Influence of monensin on Holstein steers fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean meal or urea SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE monensin; protein; feed intake; feed conversion; steers ID EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; NET CARBOHYDRATE; PROTEIN SYSTEM; BACTERIA; SUPPLEMENTATION; DIGESTIBILITY; TYLOSIN; CORN AB We conducted two growth trials to evaluate the effects of monensin on amino acid sparing. When Holstein steers were fed a 90% concentrate diet supplemented with soybean meal (13.5% CP), the DMI, ADG, and efficiencies of feed and nitrogen utilization were greater than with urea (P < .10). Monensin improved ADG with both nitrogen supplements (P < .01), but the positive effects of monensin on efficiencies of feed (P = .12) and nitrogen (P = .26) utilization were greater for soybean meal than for urea. Increasing amounts of monensin (0, 11, or 22 mg/kg of DM) caused a linear increase in DMI with urea. Diets with soybean had greater intakes than diets with urea (P < .01); the greatest intake was of a soybean diet with monensin at 11 mg/kg of DM. Holstein steers fed soybean meal at 13.5% CP had lower DMI and greater efficiencies of feed and nitrogen utilization than steers fed 16.7% CP (P < .10). Crude protein level had no effect on ADG (P > .10). Monensin always increased the efficiencies of feed and nitrogen utilization (P < .05), but these trends were greater for diets with 16.7 than for those with 13.5% CP. Overall, monensin decreased DMI (P < .01), but this effect was greater for 16.7% than for 13.5% CP. Because the positive effects of monensin on diet NEg (P = .16) and efficiency of nitrogen utilization (P = .26) were greater for soybean meal than for urea, it seemed that monensin was sparing amino acids. C1 CORNELL UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RI Lana, Rogerio/H-2321-2012 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2571 EP 2579 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY979 UT WOS:A1997XY97900001 PM 9331857 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD AF Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD TI Effect of postmortem injection time and postinjection aging time on the calcium-activated tenderization process in beef SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; calcium chloride; cooking; injection; tenderness ID QUALITY TRAITS; CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE; CHLORIDE INJECTION; OVINE CARCASSES; TENDERNESS; ACCELERATION; INFUSION; STEAKS; PROTEASES; COLOR AB The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effectiveness of calcium chloride when injected later than 2 d postmortem, 2) the effect of extended postinjection aging time, and 3) the tenderness response curve in calcium chloride-treated beef. In Exp. I, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum was injected on either d 2 or 14 postmortem with 5% by weight of a 200 mM calcium chloride solution. Samples were aged (1 degrees C) either 7 or 35 d after injection. The uninjected control longissimus from the contralateral side was aged for 9, 21, 37, or 49 d. In Exp. 2, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum was injected on d 2 postmortem with 5% by weight of a 200 mxM calcium chloride solution then sampled for shear force on d 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, and 14 after injection. Calcium chloride injection, regardless of injection time or postinjection aging time, had higher (P < .05) sensory tenderness rating than control with the same total aging time (5.2, 5.5, 5.8, and 6.1 vs 4.3, 4.8, 5.1, and 5.3, respectively). Calcium chloride injection at d 14 reduced shear force (.7 kg) and increased tenderness rating (.7 units) as effectively (P > .05) as injection at d 2 (1,2 kg and .8 units, respectively). Calcium chloride-injected steaks had higher(P < .05) juiciness ratings than control steaks. Postrigor calcium chloride injection reduced(P < .05) shear force within 1 d after injection and resulted in more tender meat through 14 d after injection. Extended postinjection aging (35 d) had little effect on color display stability. Calcium-activated tenderization can be applied as late as 14 d postmortem and will reduce the occurrence of tough meat if aging is limited. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2652 EP 2660 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY979 UT WOS:A1997XY97900011 PM 9331867 ER PT J AU Varel, VH Yen, JT AF Varel, VH Yen, JT TI Microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE fiber; intestinal microorganisms; cellulose; sows ID HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; VOLATILE FATTY-ACID; PIG LARGE-INTESTINE; DIETARY FIBER; GROWING-PIGS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; ORGAN WEIGHTS AB Dietary fiber may contribute up to 30% of the maintenance energy needs of growing pigs. Higher energy contributions may be obtained from dietary fiber fed to sows, along with some improvements in reproduction, health, and well-being. As long as cereal grain supplies and high-quality protein supplements are abundant, the use of fibrous feeds for swine most likely will be limited. However, as the human demand for cereal grains increases, swine producers, especially those with reproductive animals, may be economically forced to incorporate alternative feedstuffs. These feedstuffs might include lignified plant cell wall material such as grasses and legumes, and feed-milling and distillery by-products that contain a high level of fiber residues. The microflora in swine large intestine will be able to adapt to these lignified forages and by-product feeds much better than the microflora in humans. Swine microflora contain highly active ruminal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial species, which include Fibrobacter succinogenes (intestinalis), Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio spp., and Prevotella ruminicola. Additionally, a new highly active cellulolytic bacterium, Clostridium herbivorans, has been recently isolated from pig large intestine. The populations of these microorganisms are known to increase in response to the ingestion of diets high in plant cell wall material. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria from adult animals are approximately 6.7 times greater than those found in growing pigs. None of these highly active cellulolytic bacterial species are found in the human large intestine. Thus, the pig large intestinal fermentation of fiber seems to more closely resemble that of ruminants than that of humans. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 64 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2715 EP 2722 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY979 UT WOS:A1997XY97900019 PM 9331875 ER PT J AU Mahan, DC Vallet, JL AF Mahan, DC Vallet, JL TI Vitamin and mineral transfer during fetal development and the early postnatal period in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE reproduction; fetus; vitamins; minerals; pigs ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; SOW REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; IRON TRANSPORT PROTEIN; UTERINE SECRETIONS; PORCINE CONCEPTUS; LACTATING SWINE; DIETARY CALCIUM; BETA-CAROTENE; ESTROUS-CYCLE AB There are periods during pregnancy when sows may have a temporally high requirement for certain vitamins and minerals. Proteins transferring retinol and Fe to the developing pig fetus have been discovered, whereas transport mechanisms for other vitamins and minerals are probably present but have not yet been identified. Sow body tissues can serve as a reservoir for many micronutrients, but it is not known whether these reserves can supply an adequate quantity during critical fetal developmental periods. There is a low placental transfer of vitamin E to the fetus even if the dietary concentration fed to a gestating animal is high, but colostrum and milk concentrations can be increased when the nutrient is fed to sows. If the dam's diet contains inadequate Ca or P, the concentration of these elements in the developing fetus and milk will not be affected. Consequently, sow bone demineralization will occur under conditions of dietary inadequacy of Ca and P. Other nutrients can be depleted from sow tissue reservoirs over several parities (e.g., Se), resulting in low quantities being provided in the milk for nursing pigs. Scientific information involving adequate vitamin and mineral nutrition for female pigs to improve conception rate and embryonal survival that will result in optimum fetal and postnatal pig development can be considered to be in its infancy. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2731 EP 2738 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY979 UT WOS:A1997XY97900021 PM 9331877 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ AF Burrin, DG Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ TI Role of milk-borne vs endogenous insulin-like growth factor I in neonatal growth SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE newborn animals; insulin; protein synthesis; growth; pigs ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; 1ST 24 H; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PORCINE SERUM; NEWBORN PIGS; FOOD-INTAKE; RATS; COLOSTRUM; LIVER AB Neonatal pigs are characterized by a high efficiency of nutrient utilization and rapid growth rate. The utilization of dietary protein for lean tissue growth is particularly efficient in neonatal pigs and is associated with a high rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and deposition. In support of these high growth rates, neonatal pigs consume a milk diet that has a high biological value and is abundant in growth factors, including insulin and IGF-I. During the neonatal period, there are developmental changes in the circulating concentrations of, and tissue responsiveness to, hormones, particularly insulin, IGF-I, and growth hormone that play a central role in growth regulation. Our goal has been to characterize the dietary factors and specific aspects of endocrine function that are responsible for the anabolic stimulus that helps to sustain the high rates of protein deposition in neonatal pigs. Our results suggest that, despite the abundance of growth factors in milk and colostrum, the intake of nutrients is the primary anabolic stimulus for protein synthesis and this response declines with age. There is, however, a nonnutritive and as-yet-unidentified component in colostrum that provides a specific anabolic stimulus for skeletal muscle in newborns, but this is probably neither insulin nor IGF-I. Our studies also indicate that circulating concentrations of IGF-I are not a primary stimulus of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and that the primary endocrine signal that mediates the response to nutrient intake may be insulin. Future research should address how the local expression of IGF and the function of insulin and IGF receptors affect the responsiveness of anabolic processes to nutrient intake and hence the efficiency of neonatal growth. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BAYLOR COLL MED,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2739 EP 2743 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY979 UT WOS:A1997XY97900022 PM 9331878 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM AF Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM TI Examination of different tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) types under- and overproducing tobacco anionic peroxidase for their leaf resistance to Helicoverpa zea SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; Helicoverpa; false tobacco budworm; Nicotiana; peroxidase; lignin; transgenic plants; corn earworm ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TOMATO PLANTS; CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE; VIRUS-INFECTION; EXPRESSION; GENE; METABOLITES; HERBIVORES; DEPOSITION; PHENOLICS AB First-instar larvae of the false tobacco budworm (corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea) that fed on either intact plants, leaf disks from undamaged plants, or leaf disks from insect-damaged plants of Nicotiana sylvestris and N. tabacum Coker plants overproducing a tobacco anionic peroxidase generally caused significantly less damage than those caged with corresponding material from wild-type plants. In some cases mortality was significantly higher and weights significantly less for caterpillars feeding on leaf material from overproducing vs. wild-type plants. First-instar H. tea fed on the same type of leaf material from N. tabacum Xanthi underproducing tobacco anionic peroxidase generally caused significantly more damage than those fed leaf material from wild-type plants. However, first-instar H. zea fed on underexpressing leaf material from N. sylvestris did not cause significantly greater damage compared to wild-type material. In cases where peroxidase enzyme activity was determined, significantly higher mean peroxidase activity was seen in leaves of plant types that also had significantly less mean feeding ratings. This information suggests that peroxidase activity can contribute to leaf resistance to chewing insects. However, the context of the peroxidase (cooccurring substrates, additional inducible factors) can mediate the degree of influence seen by changes in individual peroxidase isozyme levels. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT & CROP SCI, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOACT AGENTS RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2357 EP 2370 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006679.38248.c2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YA791 UT WOS:A1997YA79100009 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY King, JW AF Zhang, ZY King, JW TI The effect of dissolved helium on the density and solvation power of supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOBILE PHASES; EXTRACTION; SOLUBILITY; CYLINDERS; CO2; OIL RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YA488 UT WOS:A1997YA48800004 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Bolin, CA AF Zuerner, RL Bolin, CA TI Differentiation of Leptospira interrogans isolates by IS1500 hybridization and PCR assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; SEROVAR HARDJO; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ELEMENT; ASSOCIATION AB Genetic variability among Leptospira interrogans (sensu stricto) serovars was assessed by Southern blot hybridization and PCR analyses. The experiments used probes directed to sequences in a recently described insertion element, IS1500. Hybridization analysis showed that IS1500 was present on polymorphic fragments and that differences in these patterns could be used to identify serovars. Hybridization analysis was also useful in discriminating between serovar pomona type kennewicki isolates, making possible the identification of 15 previously unrecognized genetic groups. A PCR assay was developed in which the primers are positioned near the terminal inverted repeats of the element and directed outward. This assay yielded characteristic amplification patterns from isolates, allowing them to be identified. We applied these assays to several new animal isolates of L. interrogans from Nicaragna, which recently had an outbreak of human leptospirosis. Three groups of isolates were identified: one strain of serovar pomona type kennewicki and two genetically distinct groups of isolates which may be genetic intermediates between serovars canicola and portlandvere. The IS-based typing assays described should be useful for epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ZOONOT DIS RES UNIT,LEPTOSPIROSIS REFERENCE CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2612 EP 2617 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX182 UT WOS:A1997XX18200033 PM 9316917 ER PT J AU Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Lehmkuhl, HD AF Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Lehmkuhl, HD TI Second passage of a US scrapie agent in cattle SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY AB Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are similar chronic neurodegenerative diseases of sheep and cattle. An earlier study showed that, on first passage in cattle, a US scrapie agent caused an encephalopathy that was distinct from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The present report describes a second passage in cattle, carried out because diseases caused by the spongiform encephalopathy agents often change in character with additional passages in abnormal hosts. For this work, young calves were inoculated intracerebrally with a pooled suspension of brain from cattle that had died of encephalopathy after experimental inoculation with brain from scrapie-affected sheep. The second passage disease was essentially identical with the first passage disease, as judged by clinical signs, histopathological findings and distribution of ''prion protein scrapie'' (PrPsc). This represents additional evidence to suggest that the US sheep scrapie agent tested is incapable of causing BSE in cattle. RP Cutlip, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 117 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(97)80022-9 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA YL592 UT WOS:A1997YL59200009 PM 9447488 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Abriola, LM Leij, FJ AF Bradford, SA Abriola, LM Leij, FJ TI Wettability effects on two- and three-fluid relative permeabilities SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE relative permeability; wettability; multiphase flow; hydraulic properties ID PRESSURE SATURATION RELATIONSHIPS; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; POROUS-MEDIA; FRACTIONAL WETTABILITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; 2-FLUID; RECOVERY; MODEL; FLOW AB Specification of relative permeability (k(r))-saturation (S) relations for all fluid phases is required for the simulation of multiphase flow and transport in porous media. Indirect methods are frequently employed to estimate these k(r)-S relations owing to the time, expense, and difficulty associated with direct measurements. A common indirect approach uses capillary pressure data in conjunction with a selected pore-size distribution model to estimate k(r)-S relations. Such methods typically assume perfect wettability of the solid. Natural porous media, however, are composed of a variety of mineral constituents with different adsorptive properties, which can exhibit non-zero contact angles and/or fractional wettability. Consequently, fluid distributions in natural media may be more complex than those predicted by simple pore-size distribution models and, under such conditions, current estimation approaches for k(r) may be inadequate. In this work, the pore-size distribution model of N.T. Burdine (1953, Relative permeability calculations from pore-size distribution data. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers 198, 71-77) is extended to incorporate wettability variations. In this model, wetting and less wetting (non-wetting or intermediate) fluid pore classes are used to calculate k(r) for water or organic. The wettability of the porous medium is used to determine the contributions of the pore classes to k(r). For both two-and three-fluid systems, the model predicts that an increase in the contact angle (measured through water) or organic-wet fraction of a medium will be accompanied by an increase in the water k(r) and a decrease in the organic k(r). In three-fluid media, k(r) values for water and organic depend on both liquid saturations when the solid is imperfectly wetted. The model assumes that wettability variation has no influence on the air k(r). Model predictions are shown to be consistent with available experimental data. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Agr Res Serv, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 181 EWRE,1351 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00024-7 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA YN988 UT WOS:000071230100013 ER PT J AU Griinari, JM Mcguire, MA Dwyer, DA Bauman, DE Barbano, DM House, WA AF Griinari, JM Mcguire, MA Dwyer, DA Bauman, DE Barbano, DM House, WA TI The role of insulin in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 95 Meeting CY APR 09-13, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA DE insulin; milk protein; calcium; insulinlike growth factors ID LACTATING MAMMARY-GLAND; GROWTH FACTOR-I; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; SODIUM CASEINATE; DUODENAL INFUSIONS; BINDING-PROTEINS; GRADED-LEVELS; METABOLISM; HYPERINSULINEMIA AB We examined the role of insulin in milk protein synthesis using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp approach in combination with abomasal infusion of casein. The two experimental periods consisted of abomasal infusion of water or 0.5 kg/d of casein. An insulin clamp was conducted over the last 4 d of each period. During the insulin clamp, circulating insulin was elevated fourfold, and euglycemia was maintained by the infusion of exogenous glucose. Casein infusion increased milk yield so that milk protein yield was 10% greater than baseline values. Use of the insulin clamp combined with casein infusion increased milk protein yield by 230 g/d (28% greater than baseline values). Milk protein composition was not altered; but content was increased from 3.13% during the baseline period to 3.44% by d 4 of the clamp; calcium concentration in milk increased about 10% to 1.2 g/kg. During the clamp, circulating concentrations of essential amino acids were dramatically reduced. The most pronounced effects were noted for branched-chain amino acids (64% reduction from baseline values). The insulin clamp resulted in alterations in circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations (increase) as well as IGF-II and IGF-binding protein-2 concentrations (decreases). Overall, results indicated that the ability of the mammary gland to synthesize milk protein does not function at maximum capacity, and there is a previously unrecognized potential to enhance milk protein percentage and yield. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 42 TC 65 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2361 EP 2371 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200016 PM 9361208 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, V Nonnecke, BJ Horst, RL AF Rajaraman, V Nonnecke, BJ Horst, RL TI Effects of replacement of native fat in colostrum and milk with coconut oil on fat-soluble vitamins in serum and immune function in calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immune function; calf; vitamin A; nutrition ID BOVINE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; POKEWEED MITOGEN; RETINOIC ACID; IN-VITRO; T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; SECRETION; PLASMA; IDENTIFICATION; PROLIFERATION AB Fat-soluble vitamins and their metabolites modulate immune function in a variety of animal species. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of fat-soluble vitamins in colostrum and milk in the development of specific aspects of immune function in the calf during the 1st wk postpartum. During this period, control calves (n = 6) were fed normal colostrum and milk, and calves in the treatment group (n = 6) were fed skimmed colostrum and skimmed milk supplemented with coconut oil. Treated calves did not experience the progressive increase in concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or retinoic acids in serum that was observed in control calves. Acquisition of passive immunity, which is indicated by concentrations of immunoglobulin G(1) in serum, was unaffected by treatment. Composition and functional capacities of populations of blood mononuclear leukocytes that were collected from birth to 7 d postpartum were also unaffected by treatment. Major changes in the function and composition of mononuclear leukocyte populations from all calves occurred during the experimental period and were unrelated to the concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in serum. Populations of blood mononuclear leukocytes from calves were functionally hyporesponsive and compositionally different from populations of blood mononuclear leukocytes from adult nongravid cows. These differences likely reflected the immaturity of the immune system of the neonatal calf and may contribute to the increased susceptibility of the calf to infectious disease. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2380 EP 2390 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200018 PM 9361210 ER PT J AU Nonnecke, BJ Burton, JL Kehrli, ME AF Nonnecke, BJ Burton, JL Kehrli, ME TI Associations between function and composition of blood mononuclear leukocyte populations from Holstein bulls treated with dexamethasone SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; flow cytometry; dairy cattle; corticosteroid; interferon-gamma ID DELTA T-CELLS; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; POKEWEED MITOGEN; L-SELECTIN; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; MODULATION; SECRETION; RESPONSES AB To characterize further the effects of corticosteroid-induced stress on the immune system of dairy cattle, functional and phenotypic characteristics of populations of blood mononuclear leukocytes from control and treated (0.04 mg dexamethasone/kg per d for 3 consecutive d) Holstein bulls were evaluated concurrently. In vivo administration of dexamethasone caused a greater than or equal to 97% reduction in in vitro secretion of interferon-gamma by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes by d 2 after the first treatment. In vitro secretion of immunoglobulin M was reduced by >50% on d 2 and 3 after the first treatment, but returned to normal concentrations sooner than did interferon-gamma secretion. Concurrent with changes in the secretion of these proteins were changes in the mean fluorescence intensities of major histocompatibility class I and II antigens and the WC1 antigen and in the proportion of B cells, CD3 T cells, gamma delta T cells, and cells in the leukocyte population expressing major histocompatibility class II antigens. Examination of the relationships between protein secretion in vitro and the composition of the blood mononuclear leukocyte population indicated that secretion was associated positively with the proportion of CD3 T cells (primarily the gamma delta T-cell subset) and the expression of major histocompatibility class I and II molecules and associated negatively with the proportion of cells expressing major histocompatibility class II antigens. Overall, these results suggest that corticosteroid-mediated stress in dairy cattle impairs secretion of proteins that are critical to normal cellular and humoral immune responses, an effect that is strongly linked with changes in the composition of the circulating mononuclear leukocyte population. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2403 EP 2410 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200021 PM 9361213 ER PT J AU Bolinger, DJ Albright, JL MorrowTesch, J Kenyon, SJ Cunningham, MD AF Bolinger, DJ Albright, JL MorrowTesch, J Kenyon, SJ Cunningham, MD TI The effects of restraint using self-locking stanchions on dairy cows in relation to behavior, feed intake, physiological parameters, health, and milk yield SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; physiological parameters; restraint; well-being AB Holstein cows (n = 64) ranging from peak to end lactation were restrained in self-locking stanchions (i.e., head locks) for approximately 4 h/d for four periods in a modified switchback design. Milk yield, milk fat percentage, somatic cell count, and dry matter intake and dry matter intake were unaffected by restraint. Milk protein percentage was significantly lower for cows that were restrained. Plasma cortisol concentrations and the ratio of neutrophils to mononuclear cells were not significantly different between restrained and unrestrained (control) cows. No difference in the incidence of mastitis or other health concerns was noted. Behaviorally, cows that were locked in the stanchions spent significantly more time lying after release from restraint. For cows that were locked up, eating frequency over 24 h was significantly reduced, but dry matter intake was not affected. Total rumination frequency over 24 h was not significantly different for cows that were restraubed; however, cows that were restrained ruminated less during the day following release. Grooming was considered to be a behavioral need and was significantly increased during all times when cows were not locked up. Grooming was also one of the first behaviors performed following release. Acts of aggression were elevated during all periods following restraint, but oral behaviors, such as tongue playing and chewing on objects, drinking behavior, and resting postures were not affected. The use of self-locking stanchions did not appear to affect substantially the overall wellbeing of the cow. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK BEHAV RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,SCH VET MED,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2411 EP 2417 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200022 PM 9361214 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB AF Reeves, JB TI The use of mid infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to determine quantitatively the chemical composition of tall fescue SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE near infrared; mid infrared; tall fescue; forage composition ID PARTICLE-SIZE MORPHOLOGY; FORAGE-QUALITY; CARBOHYDRATE SYSTEMS; SAMPLE DILUTION; SPECTRA AB Tall fescue samples that were harvested over 3 yr were ground using two methods and oven-or freeze-dried. The samples were then analysed chemically and by mid infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro digestible dry matter. Results indicated that the same principles that govern the development of near infrared calibrations apply to the development of calibrations using mid infrared spectra. Overall, results indicated that spectra collected at a resolution of 4 cm(-1) produced better calibrations than did spectra collected at 16 cm(-1) that a wide variety of data treatments needed to de tested, and that oven-and freeze-dried samples calibrated identically. However, unlike previous results using near infrared spectroscopy, samples ground in a Udy cyclone mill (Udy Corp., Fort Collins, CO) were preferred over samples ground in a Christy-Norris mill (Christy and Norris Ltd., Chelmsford, England). A reduction in the size of the calibration set decreased the accuracy of calibrations to the level found for near infrared calibrations. Approximately 56 randomly selected samples out of 223 total were needed for acceptable calibrations. Finally, determinations for samples from a given year using calibrations developed for samples from another year indicated that mid infrared calibrations, at least as developed in this study, may be less robust than near infrared calibrations. In conclusion, the results presented in this study show that mid infrared spectra can be used to develop calibrations to determine the composition of forages and that mid infrared calibrations behave in a manner similar to that of near infrared calibrations. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2454 EP 2465 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200027 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, VA Glenn, BP McLeod, KR AF Wilkerson, VA Glenn, BP McLeod, KR TI Energy and nitrogen balance in lactating cows fed diets containing dry or high moisture corn in either rolled or ground form SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Holsteins; corn; energy; starch ID DAIRY-COWS; STARCH DIGESTION; ALFALFA SILAGE; NET ENERGY; RUMINANTS; PROTEIN; SITE; HAY AB The effects of harvesting and processing methods on the value of net energy for lactation of corn grain were investigated. Lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were different methods for the storage (dry or high moisture) and processing (rolled or ground) of corn grains. Alfalfa silage was the forage source in the diets. Indirect calorimetry was conducted using a 6-d nutrient balance protocol; respiration measurements were made at 24-h intervals. Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments and averaged 24.2 kg/d. Milk yield was 2.0 kg/d greater for cows fed diets containing high moisture corn than for cows fed diets containing dry corn and was 2.2 kg/d greater for cows fed diets containing ground corn than for cows fed diets containing rolled corn. Apparent digestibilities of nonfiber carbohydrates, crude protein, and dry matter were greater for cows fed diets containing high moisture corn than for cows fed diets containing dry corn. Metabolisable energy and heat production were greater for diets containing high moisture corn than for diets containing dry corn and were greater for diets containing ground corn than for diets containing rolled corn. Net energy for lactation was greater for diets containing high moisture corn than for diets containing dry corn (1.78 vs. 1.64 Mcal/kg of dry matter). C1 ARS,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2487 EP 2496 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200030 PM 9361220 ER PT J AU Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Wright, JR Norman, HD Wolfe, CW AF Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Wright, JR Norman, HD Wolfe, CW TI Application of canonical transformation with missing values to multitrait evaluation of Jersey type SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Jersey; type traits; genetic evaluation; canonical transformation ID TRAIT ANIMAL-MODELS; GENETIC EVALUATION; SINGLE-TRAIT; DIAGONALIZATION; APPROXIMATION; EQUATIONS; MILK AB A multitrait animal model was used to calculate predicted transmitting ability and reliabilities for final score and 15 linear type traits of 225,632 US Jersey cows. Records were adjusted for age and stage of lactation before analysis. The model contained effects for interactions of herd and date scored; year scored, parity, and age; and herd and sire; effects of permanent environment and additive genetics were also included. Of the 381,511 records included, some observations were missing for final score (8%), body depth (43%), and teat length (33%). The evaluation system used a canonical transformation, included several random effects, and estimated missing values with each iteration. Inbreeding was considered in the computations. Convergence was achieved in approximately 50 rounds of iteration. Correlations between animal and sire model predicted transmitting ability ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and generally were higher for bulls than for cows and for more recent birth years. Genetic trend was strongly positive for dairy form, final score, and rear udder traits (height and width) and negative for udder depth. For other traits, genetic trend was small. This methodology should improve the accuracy of genetic evaluations for type traits of US Jerseys. C1 ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FAC UNIV SCI AGRON,UNITE ZOOTECH,FONDS NATL BELGE RECH SCI,B-5030 GEMBLOUX,BELGIUM. AMER JERSEY CATTLE ASSOC,REYNOLDSBURG,OH 43068. OI Gengler, Nicolas/0000-0002-5981-5509 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2563 EP 2571 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200041 PM 9361231 ER PT J AU Meinert, TR Norman, HD Mattison, JM Sattler, CG AF Meinert, TR Norman, HD Mattison, JM Sattler, CG TI Usability for genetic evaluations of records from herds participating in progeny test programs of artificial insemination organizations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; usable records; progeny test; Dairy Herd Improvement AB Thirteen AI organizations provided identification of herds that participated in their progeny test programs in 1989 and 1990; 15% of those herds participated in programs of more than one AI organization, but only 2.6% participated in programs of more than two AI organizations. Of the 19,589 participating herds, 82 and 76% were enrolled in DHI test plans that were considered to be usable for genetic evaluations during 1991 and 1992. For herds that had participated in AI progeny test programs, mean percentages of usable records were 77% in 1991 and 78% in 1992; the mean percentages of usable records for nonparticipating herds were 62% in 1991 and 60% in 1992. Participating herds had larger mean herd sizes, higher means and standard deviations of milk yields, younger cows, and a lower percentage of registered cows than did nonparticipating herds. Analysis of variance was used to explain the variation in the percentage of records that were usable for genetic evaluations. Herds that participated in AI progeny test programs or that had smaller herd sizes, higher mean milk yields, younger cows, or larger percentages of registered cows had higher percentages of records that were usable for genetic evaluations. Improved usability of records for genetic evaluations would increase the efficiency of AI progeny testing, and consideration of herd characteristics associated with higher percentages of usable records should aid AI organizations in evaluating prospective herds for progeny test programs. C1 ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. REQUEST LTD,MADISON,WI 53704. NATL ASSOC ANIM BREEDERS,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2599 EP 2605 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YE212 UT WOS:A1997YE21200045 PM 9361235 ER PT J AU Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B Garvey, AJ Garcia, RI AF Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B Garvey, AJ Garcia, RI TI Smoking, smoking cessation, and tooth loss SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tooth loss; tobacco; smoking cessation; aging ID ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; MAJOR RISK FACTOR; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; TOBACCO SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; ORAL HEALTH; OLDER MEN; HABITS AB Smoking is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, but it is not known if this risk decreases significantly when individuals quit smoking. The objectives of this study were to describe the rates of tooth loss by smoking status in two populations of medically healthy men and women. Among the men, rates of tooth loss and edentulism in relation to smoking cessation were also evaluated. The subjects were drawn from a group of 584 women (aged 40 to 70) recruited from the Boston, MA, area and a separate population of 1231 male veterans (aged 21 to 75) who participated in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study in Boston. In cross-sectional baseline analyses, current cigarette smokers of either sex had significantly more missing teeth than never-smokers or former smokers. Former smokers and pipe or cigar smokers tended to have an intermediate number of missing teeth. Current male smokers had more teeth with calculus, but the differences in plaque, tooth mobility, probing depth > 2 mm, filled and decayed teeth, and bleeding on probing by smoking history were not significant. Prospective observations of 248 women (mean follow-up time = 6 +/- 2 years) and 977 men (mean = 18 +/- 7 years) indicated that individuals who continued to smoke cigarettes had 2.4-fold (men) to 3.5-fold risk (women) of tooth loss compared with non-smokers. The rates of tooth loss in men were significantly reduced after they quit smoking cigarettes but remained higher than those in nonsmokers. Men who smoked cigarettes had a 4.5-fold increase in risk of edentulism, and this risk also decreased upon smoking cessation. These findings indicate that the risk of tooth loss is greater among cigarette smokers than among non-smokers. Smoking cessation significantly benefits an individual's likelihood of tooth retention, but it may take decades for the individual to return to the rate of tooth loss observed in non-smokers. C1 Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. VA Outpatient Clin, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. VA Med Ctr, Bedford, MA USA. RP Krall, EA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, 100 E Newton St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA10073]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE10194] NR 32 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1653 EP 1659 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU391 UT WOS:000071712400006 PM 9326897 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Burd, JD Shufran, KA Webster, JA Teetes, GL AF Porter, DR Burd, JD Shufran, KA Webster, JA Teetes, GL TI Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) biotypes: Selected by resistant cultivars or preadapted opportunists? SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schizaphis graminum; biotype; resistance; wheat; sorghum ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; SORGHUM GERMPLASM LINE; WHEAT GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION; GENES; INHERITANCE; MECHANISMS; CLONES; GRAIN AB Future advances in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, resistance to greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), will likely come from introduction of resistance transgenes into high-performance cultivars. First-generation resistance transgenes will be single genes that impart antibiosis traits (similar to Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins in transgenic corn, Zea mays L.). This approach to pest management is incompatible with interpretations of simulation models that predict that deployment of antibiosis resistance controlled by single genes drives the development of new, virulent pest biotypes. This dichotomy must be addressed if full advantage is to be taken of the new, powerful tools of molecular biology for plant protection against insects. In this study, the specific insect-plant interactions of greenbugs on wheat and sorghum were examined to understand the relationship between the deployment of plant resistance and the development of new greenbug biotypes. From this analysis, there was no relationship between the use of resistant wheat and the development of new greenbug biotypes. For sorghum, with only 3 of the 11 biotypes could there be any correlation between the use of resistant hybrids and the development of new biotypes. Even with these 3 biotypes, no clear cause-and-effect relationship was established. Based on analysis of these specific insect-plant interactions, we propose that future plant resistance efforts focus on the use of the most effective resistance genes, despite past predictions of what effect these genes may have on greenbug population genetics. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN RD,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 77 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1065 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300001 ER PT J AU Calderone, NW Wilson, WT Spivak, M AF Calderone, NW Wilson, WT Spivak, M TI Plant extracts used for control of the parasitic mites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Acarapis woodi; Varroa jacobsoni; thymol; essential oils; parasitic mites ID HONEY-BEES HYMENOPTERA; TRACHEAL MITES; VEGETABLE OIL; RENNIE; MENTHOL; OUD; THYMOL; POPULATIONS; FLUVALINATE; INFESTATION AB Natural products were evaluated as control agents for the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) and the Varroa mite Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans) in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Test materials consisted of 1:1 (wt:wt) blends of thymol with cineole, citronellal, or linalool. Two, 25.0-g applications (rate 1) of each blend were applied to colonies infested with Varroa. A 2nd group of Varroa infested colonies received 2 x 12.5 g applications (rate 2). Each application was left in place for 14 d, during which time Varroa mites were collected on sticky boards placed on the bottom boards of the colonies. At the end of the 28-d treatment period, remaining mites were killed with fluvalinate and collected on sticky boards. Mite mortality in the colonies receiving thymol and cineole was 56.4 and 49.1% for rates 1 and 2, respectively, compared with a natural mite fall of 28.0% in control colonies. Two applications of each blend (rate 1) were applied to colonies infested with A. woodi in September. Mite prevalence values increased 28.3% in control colonies by the following May, but decreased 22.4% in colonies receiving thymol and citronellal. Our results suggest that the presence of brood seriously limits the efficacy of thymol-based control measures when they are applied as fumigants against Varroa. However, these products may be useful against the tracheal mite and may be an important component of an integrated pest management program for Varroa if used when brood levels are low. C1 ARS,BEE RES LAB,USDA,BARC EAST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 74 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1080 EP 1086 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300004 ER PT J AU Zettler, JL Arthur, FH AF Zettler, JL Arthur, FH TI Dose-response tests on red flour beetle and confused flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) collected from flour mills in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum; lethal doses; pesticide exposure; organophosphates; resistance ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; MALATHION RESISTANCE; BLATTELLIDAE; DICTYOPTERA; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; RELEVANCE; PEANUTS AB Adults of 14 field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and 10 strains of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacqueline DuVal, collected from flour mills were tested for resistance to malathion and dichlovos by topical application. Lethal dose estimates showed that all strains of T. castaneum were resistant to malathion and dichlorvos. Some strains showed the highest malathion resistance ever reported for this insect. Approximately half the strains of T. confusum tested were resistant to malathion and dichlorvos. T. castaneum was more resistant than T. confusum to both malathion and dichlorvos. There was a positive correlation of the lethal dose values for insecticide resistant strains of both species when compared with the survival of insects exposed to diagnostic doses. Therefore, survival of insects at a diagnostic dose map be used to predict field efficacy of malathion and dichlorvos in these 2 pest species if resistance levels are low. RP Zettler, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1162 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300016 ER PT J AU Pingel, RL Lewis, LC AF Pingel, RL Lewis, LC TI Field application of Bacillus thuringiensis and Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus against the corn earworm, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Anagrapha falcifera; Bacillus thuringiensis; nucleopolyhedrovirus; starch encapsulation; maize ID ENTOMOPATHOGENS; FORMULATIONS; STABILITY AB Field evaluations were made of relative efficacy of 2 subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) to control Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) on corn ears. Also, the compatibility of a starch-based additive-a 1:1 mixture of starch (Mirasperse) and sucrose-was determined when added to the entomopathogens. Applications of the 3 pathogens significantly decreased the percentage of ears damaged by H. tea and increased the percentage of ears with no damage and marketable ears. AfMNPV was as good as or better than the B. thuringiensis products in protecting the corn ear. The starch additive was determined to be compatible with the pathogens but did not enhance their activity. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,CORN INSECTS & CROP GENET RES UNIT,USDA ARS,GENET LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Pingel, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1195 EP 1199 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300021 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Koehler, PG Brenner, RJ AF Valles, SM Koehler, PG Brenner, RJ TI Antagonism of fipronil toxicity by piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blattella germanica; fipronil; insecticide activation; resistance; phenylpyrazole insecticide ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; PHENYLPYRAZOLE INSECTICIDES; CHLORIDE CHANNEL; MECHANISMS; RECEPTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAIN AB Toxicity of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil was determined in laboratory and field-collected strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Fipronil effectively killed German cockroaches when applied in nanogram quantities. Orlando (insecticide-susceptible), HRDC (carbamate- and organophosphorus-resistant), and Village Green (pyrethroid-resistant) strains were equally susceptible to fipronil with LD50 values between 4.6 and 5.4 nanograms per insect. The Marietta strain (pyrethroid-, organophosphorus-, and carbamate-resistant) was 1.6 times more tolerant of fipronil compared with the Orlando susceptible strain. Five German cockroach strains collected from the field were considerably more tolerant of fipronil than Marietta cockroaches. Piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate antagonized the toxicity of fipronil in all strains evaluated. Fipronil was 2.2-3 times less toxic when cockroaches were pretreated with piperonyl butoxide or S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate compared with fipronil alone. These data suggest that fipronil is metabolically activated in German cockroaches, possibly via sulfone formation catalyzed by microsomal oxidases. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,POB 14565,1600 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 25 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1258 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300029 ER PT J AU Cook, SP Webb, RE Thorpe, KW Podgwaite, JD White, GB AF Cook, SP Webb, RE Thorpe, KW Podgwaite, JD White, GB TI Field examination of the influence of azadirachtin on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; baculovirus; neem; azadirachtin; biocontrol ID NEEM SEED EXTRACT; LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; HOST PLANT; INDICA; NOCTUIDAE; MORTALITY; CONSTITUENTS; PESTICIDES; MELIACEAE; TOXICITY AB Two field experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gypchek) and the triterpene azadirachtin when consumed on sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua L., a common larval host of the insect in the mid-Atlantic region. In the 1st experiment, no significant differences in survival were observed for 2nd instars that consumed the virus on sweetgum or white oak, Quercus alba L., foliage following an aerial application. In the 2nd experiment, a ground application of the virus with and without azadirachtin, an insecticidal extract from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, was tested to examine the potential enhancement of viral efficacy by this compound. When applied to sweetgum foliage, the virus without azadirachtin treatment resulted in the highest level of mortality to 2nd instars that consumed the treatments on sweetgum foliage followed by the virus with azadirachtin treatment, the azadirachtin treatment, and the controls. There was no enhancement of viral activity when the azadirachtin was added to the formulation. The 2 azadirachtin treatments resulted in a significant reduction in larval weight gain, probably because of a reduction in feeding by the insects after ingestion of the compound. C1 ARS, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, USDA, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1272 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300031 ER PT J AU Pair, SD AF Pair, SD TI Evaluation of systemically treated squash trap plants and attracticidal baits for early-season control of striped and spotted cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and squash bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cucurbit crops SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acalymma vittatum; Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Anasa tristis; trap cropping; cucurbits; pest management AB In 1992, sentinel squash plants treated with carbofuran successfully attracted and killed squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer), and cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), emerging from overwintering at 5 locations in Atoka County, Oklahoma. In 1993, responses of cucumber beetle and squash bug to carbofuran-treated squash trap plants and to Adios or Adios-AG attracticidal baits were compared in <1.0-ha plots of seedling cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon at Lane, OK. Regardless of crop, cucumber beetles and squash bug populations were highly attracted to 'Lemondrop' squash trap plants that amounted to <1% of the total crop area. Squash trap-plants attracted an estimated 39.7, 32.4, and 66.3% of the cucumber beetle population, respectively, observed in fields of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon seedlings. In cantaloupe and watermelon, squash trap-plants attracted >90% of the estimated squash bug population but were less effective in squash. In all cases, squash trap plants treated with carbofuran killed >90 and 16-37%, respectively, of the cucumber beetles and squash bugs found on the plants. Single applications of attracticidal baits provided up to 70% cucumber beetle mortality for 3-5-d post treatment. Studies conducted in 1994 showed that significantly greater numbers of cucumber beetles, primarily Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardii Barber, were attracted to 'Blue Hubbard' than Lemondrop squash trap plants that were treated with systemic insecticides, carbofuran at 0.15 g (AI) or imidacloprid at 0.04 g (AI), and positioned in a field of watermelon. Imidacloprid was as effective as carbofuran, each provided >90% cucumber beetle mortality. In this study, an estimated 46.7% of the total cucumber beetle population was attracted to the squash trap plants. Results from these studies suggest that minimal plantings of systemically treated squash can be used effectively to suppress early-season populations of cucumber beetle and squash bug in seedling cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon. RP Pair, SD (reprint author), ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,USDA,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1314 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300036 ER PT J AU Voss, TS Kieckhefer, RW Fuller, BW Mcleod, MJ Beck, DA AF Voss, TS Kieckhefer, RW Fuller, BW Mcleod, MJ Beck, DA TI Yield losses in maturing spring wheat caused by cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae; yield loss; maturing what; cereal aphids ID SOUTH-DAKOTA AB Populations of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), develop in some years on maturing wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.), in the Dakotas and western Minnesota. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine the yield loss caused by these aphids late in the growth cycle of wheat. In the 1st experiment, populations of 30, 60, and 120 aphids of each species were initiated on 'Sharp' spring wheat at the boot, anthesis, and dough stages of plant growth and regulated at those numbers over a 10-d period to obtain 300, 600, and 1,200 aphid-days of feeding intensity. The 2nd experiment was initiated as in the 1st, but the aphid populations were allowed to fluctuate to obtain a range of cumulative feeding intensities. The results of the 1st experiment showed that R. padi 600 and 1,200 aphid-day treatments at the onset of the boot stage caused grain yield losses of 19 and 31%, respectively. The 300, 600, and 1,200 aphid-day treatments during the anthesis stage of plant growth caused yield losses of 14, 15, and 20%, respectively. Feeding by S. avenae caused significant yield loss only during the boot stage. Regression analysis of data from the 2nd experiment showed that only feeding by R. padi caused significant yield loss and only during the boot stage. Reduction in the number of the spikelets per head during the boot stage and in the average seed weight during later stages of plant growth were the principal components of yield loss caused by the feeding of cereal aphids. C1 ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,USDA,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1346 EP 1350 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG953 UT WOS:A1997YG95300041 ER PT J AU Wedincamp, J French, FE Whitcomb, RF Henegar, RB AF Wedincamp, J French, FE Whitcomb, RF Henegar, RB TI Laboratory infection and release of Spiroplasma (Entomoplasmatales : Spiroplasmataceae) from horse flies (Diptera : Tabanidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spiroplasma; Entomoplasmatales; Tabanidae; horizontal transmission ID SP-NOV; LAMPYRIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MOLLICUTES; MOSQUITOS AB Many tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are infected with spiroplasmas (Mollicutes: Spiroplasmataceae). Naturally-infected Tabanus gladiator Stone and T. sulcifrons Maquart flies were restrained and fed 10% sucrose to determine the exit points of Spiroplasma from tabanid flies. The flies were allowed to feed for 24 h, and the resulting oral and anal specks were cultured in M1D broth. Spiroplasmas were isolated from 21 of 51 oral specks but not from 23 anal specks deposited on plastic. In contrast, when anal specks were deposited in a sucrose solution, 9 of 28 anal specks in sucrose yielded spiroplasma cultures. Tabanus lineola F. and T. longiusculus Hine were offered a culture of Spiroplasma strain EC-1 on a stewed raisin or in 5% sucrose in the form of a hanging drop. After 4 d, the minced abdominal viscera of each fly were incubated in M1D broth and 25 of 32 tabanids yielded cultures of Spiroplasma. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wedincamp, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800003 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Mangini, A AF Perry, RW Mangini, A TI A comparison of trap versus ground collection of acorns to assess insect infestation SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Quercus; acorns; acorn traps; Conotrachelus; Valentinia; Cydia; Curculio; Cynipidae C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800005 ER PT J AU Valles, SM AF Valles, SM TI A vacuum-assisted apparatus for collection of live German cockroaches (Dictyoptera : Blattellidae) from the field SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Blattella germanica; field-collection; sampling; German cockroach C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800006 ER PT J AU Domek, JM Cantelo, WW Deahl, KL AF Domek, JM Cantelo, WW Deahl, KL TI A meridic diet for the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; insect rearing; nutrition; protein; amino acids; carbohydrates; minerals; insect pest ID QUANTITATION AB Foliage of the potato, Solanum tuberosum (L.), was analyzed previously to determine its nutritional content. This information was used to help develop a meridic diet for rearing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Various test diets were prepared, and types and concentrations of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid were tested for their influence on growth and weight gain of larvae reared from the egg stage on diet. At 2.8% protein or less, neither egg albumin nor casein produced adult beetles. Adults were reared with casein concentrations of 3.0 and 4.2%, but not at 5% casein. An abbreviated list of foliar amino acids was as effective as the complete foliar complement in the rearing of adults. Oat flour or potato flakes were suitable carbohydrate sources for rearing to the adult stage. The composition of a meridic diet is presented which was used for rearing the Colorado potato beetle from the egg to the adult stage, in the absence of host plant material. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Domek, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 430 EP 444 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800008 ER PT J AU Legaspi, BC Legaspi, JC Carruthers, RI Goolsby, J Hadman, J Jones, W Murden, D Wendel, L AF Legaspi, BC Legaspi, JC Carruthers, RI Goolsby, J Hadman, J Jones, W Murden, D Wendel, L TI Areawide population dynamics of silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silverleaf; sweetpotato whitefly; areawide pest management ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA AB The population dynamics of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= sweetpotato whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype "B", [Gennadius]), and its endemic parasitoids (mostly Encarsia spp. [Aphelinidae]) were monitored in a heterogeneous cropping area, consisting of cotton, cantaloupe and kenaf(tall fiber crop). To assess the suitability of the whitefly for areawide pest management, we compared estimates of population densities using different sampling methods and determined the effects of agronomic practices on the whitefly and parasitoid populations. There was no correlation between adult SLWF estimates using sticky traps and those counted directly on the leaves. However, counts of immatures using disk subsamples were found to be good predictors of whole leaf counts. SLWF counts were law in cotton, until the han est period of cantaloupes, which may have triggered migration from cantaloupe to cotton. The determinants of emigration from cotton were less clear. High numbers of adults were migrating well before harvest or the application of a defoliant, One likely contributing factor in triggering whitefly migration was leaf senescence. Despite rather high adult densities sampled in kenaf, populations of immature SLWF were low, suggesting that it is not a preferred host. Parasitoid populations were high in the kenaf fields, causing 20 to 80% parasitism and suggesting that kenaf could serve as a reservoir of natural enemies within a larger cropping system, Parasitism in cotton was less than that in kenaf, usually at -10 to 15%. Encarsia spp, sampled on sticky traps indicated significant activity of the adults in the cotton and kenaf fields, and much lower numbers in the cantaloupe. Because it is a dispersive and polyphagous pest, areawide suppression of SLWF must include the consequences of farming practices and cropping patterns in heterogeneous fields, especially when they are under different management. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Legaspi, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 445 EP 459 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800009 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Graf, JC AF Klun, JA Graf, JC TI Contextual chemical ecology: Male to male interactions influence European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) male behavioral response to female sex pheromone in a flight tunnel SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; 11-tetradecenyl acetate ID MOTHS AB The responses of European corn borer, Ostrina nubilalis (Hubner), males in a flight tunnel to sex pheromone, [11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3, Z:E)] was dependent upon the context in which the males were exposed to the stimulus. Males, held individually in isolation before being exposed to pheromone, flew upwind in the pheromone plume and landed on the pheromone source significantly more often than males caged with other males before exposure to the pheromone. When groups of males were simultaneously exposed to female sex pheromone, they responded, on a per-male basis, with significantly more upwind flights to pheromone and intense behavior near the pheromone source than did males exposed to the pheromone individually. Heightened intensity of male response in group flight was independent of whether the males were individually isolated or caged with other males before being exposed to the pheromone. The enhanced behavioral output of males responding to pheromone in groups may represent an evolutionary adaptive advantage in instances where several males are simultaneously pursuing a single calling female. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 472 EP 477 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800011 ER PT J AU Cook, BJ Chen, AC Pryor, NW AF Cook, BJ Chen, AC Pryor, NW TI Activity of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle networks of the Malpighian tubules and the ureter in the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE visceral muscle; ultrastructure; motility ID PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; OVIDUCT MUSCULATURE; MOTILE AB The four Malpighian tubules observed in the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are divided into an anterior dorsal pair and a posterior ventral pair. Intrinsic muscles were found only in the short proximal section (ureter) of each pair of tubules that emptied into the midgut. Isolated preparations of the ureter demonstrated four types of organized rhythmic activity: compression, peristalsis, reverse peristalsis, and segmentation. Compression caused a momentary (0.4 to 0.6 sec) shortening of the longitudinal muscle fibers in a localized region of the ureter. Peristalsis was the dominant type of activity. Each wave progressed along the duct with a duration that ranged from 0.9 to 1.7 sec. Segmentation consisted of a localized annular constriction of the ureter without progression that lasted for a duration of 0.3 to 0.6 sec. The large distal ends of the dorsal pair of tubules showed spontaneous movement in situ. Close examination revealed a network of extrinsic muscle cells attached to the distal tubular ends. The motile properties of the extrinsic muscles were slower and not as complex as those of the ureter. The sequence from the resting state to contraction and return was much longer with durations that ranged from 10.8 to 27.1 sec. Also, the time for peak tension was 5 to 25.9 sec in duration. The extrinsic muscles did not show the organized and rhythmic activity observed in the ureter. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Cook, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 487 EP 499 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YM518 UT WOS:000071072800013 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT AF Tyree, MT TI The Cohesion-Tension theory of sap ascent: current controversies SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Cohesion-Tension theory; cavitation; embolism; xylem pressure probe; pressure bomb ID NEGATIVE XYLEM PRESSURES; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER TRANSPORT; PLANTS; VULNERABILITY; EMBOLISM; MODELS; PROBE; BOMB; TREE AB In recent years, the Cohesion-Tension (C-T) theory of sap ascent in plants has come under question because of work published by Professor Ulrich Zimmermann and colleagues at the University of Wurzburg, Germany. The purpose of this review is to (1) state the essential and testable elements of the C-T theory, (2) summarize the negative evidence for the C-T theory, and (3) review critically the positive evidence for the C-T theory and the evidence that the Scholander-Hammel pressure bomb measures xylem pressure potential (P-x) correctly, because much of the evidence for the C-T theory depends on pressure bomb data. Much of the current evidence negates the conclusions drawn by Zimmermann from studies using the xylem pressure probe (XPP), but it is not yet clear in every instance why the XPP results disagree with those of other methods for estimating xylem pressure. There is no reason to reject the XPP as a useful new tool for studying xylem tensions in the range of 0 to -0.6 MPa. Additional research is needed to test the C-T theory with both the XPP and traditional methods. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 968,S BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 27 TC 147 Z9 171 U1 7 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 315 BP 1753 EP 1765 DI 10.1093/jxb/48.10.1753 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YE882 UT WOS:A1997YE88200001 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT AF Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT TI Water relations and hydraulic architecture of woody hemiepiphytes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE hemiepiphytes; water relations; hydraulic architecture; aerial roots; CAM ID HERBACEOUS PLANTS; GROWTH FORM; MASS-FLOW; TREE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLUSIA; FICUS; FOREST; PANAMA; EPIPHYTE AB Several parameters related to the water relations of eight woody hemiepiphytes with different photosynthetic pathways were studied in situ and in the laboratory on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, As a group, woody hemiepiphytes tended to have less conductive stems per unit leaf area (lower k(L)) and invested less wood cross-section per unit leaf area compared to free-standing trees, while their specific conductivity (K-s)was significantly higher. Among hemiepiphytes, significant differences between C-3 and (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) species in respect to leaf characteristics, transpiration rates, diel patterns of water flow through aerial roots, and in hydraulic architecture parameters. Average transpiration rates of the two Clusia species (C-3-CAM) were lower by about an order of magnitude compared to the C, species, In an C, species, sap flow through aerial roots (F) closely followed transpiration (E), whereas E and F were decoupled in time in the C-3-CAM species Clusia uvitana: considerable long-distance water flow occurred at night. The hydraulic efficiency of the other C-3-CAM species, C. minor, was the lowest of the five species investigated. C1 UNIV VERMONT, DEPT BOT, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 315 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.1093/jexbot/48.315.1825 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YE882 UT WOS:A1997YE88200008 ER PT J AU Booker, FL Reid, CD BrunschonHarti, S Fiscus, EL Miller, JE AF Booker, FL Reid, CD BrunschonHarti, S Fiscus, EL Miller, JE TI Photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chronically exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE photorespiration; CO2-enrichment; ozone; climate change; air pollution ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; PLANT-RESPONSES; ULTRAVIOLET-B; SPRING WHEAT; L LEAVES AB The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] photosynthesis and photorespiration-related parameters were determined periodically during the growing season by measurements of gas exchange, photorespiratory enzyme activities and amino acid levels, Plants were treated in open-top field chambers from emergence to harvest maturity with seasonal mean concentrations of either 364 or 726 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 in combination with either 19 or 13 nmol mol(-1) O-3 (12 h daily averages). On average at growth CO2 concentrations, net photosynthesis (A) increased 56% and photorespiration decreased 36% in terminal mainstem leaves with CO2-enrichment. Net photosynthesis and photorespiration were suppressed 30% and 41%, respectively, by elevated O-3 during late reproductive growth in the ambient CO2 treatment, but not in the elevated CO2 treatment. The ratio of photorespiration to A at growth CO2 was decreased 61% by elevated CO2. There was no statistically significant effect of elevated O-3 in the ratio of photorespiration to A. Activities of glycolate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate reductase and catalase were decreased 10-25% by elevated CO2, and by 46-66% by elevated O-3 at late reproductive growth. The treatments had no significant effect on total amino acid or glycine levels, although serine concentration was lower in the elevated CO2 and O-3 treatments at several sampling dates. The inhibitory effects of elevated O-3 on photorespiration-related parameters were generally commensurate with the O-3-induced decline in A. The results suggest that elevated CO2 could promote productivity both through increased photoassimilation and suppressed photorespiration. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,AIR QUAL EDUC UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV GIESSEN,INST PFLANZENOKOL,GIESSEN,GERMANY. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AIR QUAL RES UNIT,BOX 7632,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 52 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 315 BP 1843 EP 1852 DI 10.1093/jexbot/48.315.1843 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YE882 UT WOS:A1997YE88200010 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Neven, LG AF Drake, SR Neven, LG TI Quality response of 'Bing' and 'Rainier' sweet cherries to low dose electron beam irradiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT AB 'Bing' and 'Rainier' sweet cherries were irradiated at doses of 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 kGy using a linear accelerator. Cherries were evaluated for quality immediately after treatment and again after 14 days storage at IC. No variation in soluble solids, titratable acidity or flavor were noted at any of the irradiation doses. Defects were increased for 'Rainier' cherries at irradiation doses above 0.60 kGy, bur no change in defects of 'Ring' cherries were present regardless of irradiation doses. Objective color of 'Ring' cherries was lighter with more red at irradiation doses greater than 0.30 kGy, but this change in color was nor evident visually. Objective color of 'Rainier' cherries was reduced at irradiation doses of 0.60 kGy and greater. This reduction in 'Rainier' red color was evident visually at an irradiation dose of 0.90 kGy, No change in 'Ring' green stem color was evident, but 'Rainier' stem color improved at irradiation doses above 0.60 kGy. Firmness of both 'Bing' and 'Rainier' cherries was reduced at irradiation doses of 0.60 kGy and greater. By using the linear accelerator at doses of 0.60 kGy or less, 'Ring' and 'Rainier' cherries can be irradiated with no major quality loss to meet quarantine requirements. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1997.tb00788.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YC004 UT WOS:A1997YC00400008 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Williams, AC Marmer, BS AF Juneja, VK Snyder, OP Williams, AC Marmer, BS TI Thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in hamburger SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE E-coli O157:H7; ground beef; heat inactivation ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; HEAT-RESISTANCE; GROUND-BEEF; PATTIES; MEAT AB The inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties cooked in a skillet was investigated. Ground beef patties inoculated with a mixture of five strains of E. coli O157:H7 were cooked in a Farberware skillet set at a temperature of 275 degrees F (137 degrees C). Eight type K thermocouples connected to a data logger were used to record the temperatures at eight points within the patty. The cooking times studied ranged from 2.25 min to 4 min. Tryptic soy agar plates overlaid with sorbitol MacConkey agar were used for recovery of E. coli O157:H7. Heating of ground beef patties to an internal temperature endpoint of 155 degrees F (68.3 degrees C) resulted in 4-log cycle reductions of the organism. The results of this investigation conducted under conditions simulating those that occur in the retail food industry provide a basis for ensuring safety against E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef patties. C1 HOSPITAL INST TECHNOL & MANAGEMENT, ST PAUL, MN 55114 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1163 EP 1166 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800002 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Deng, MY Strobaugh, TP Palumbo, SA AF Fratamico, PM Deng, MY Strobaugh, TP Palumbo, SA TI Construction and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains expressing firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein and their use in survival studies SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE firefly luciferase; green fluorescent protein; Escherichia coli O157:H7 ID XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MARKER; FOODS; SITES AB The firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (luc) gene on plasmid vector pBESTluc and the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene on plasmid vector pGFP were introduced into strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The recombinant E. coli strains were indistinguishable from their parent strains in biochemical and immunological assays and in a multiplex PCR reaction. There was no significant difference in the growth kinetics of the luc-bearing recombinants and the parent strains. At 37 degrees C all of the recombinant strains maintained the vectors and expressed luciferase and the green fluorescent protein when grown both with and without antibiotic selection. Individual colonies of luc-bearing E. coli strains were readily luminescent in the dark after being sprayed with a solution of 1 mM beetle luciferin. The recombinants containing pGFP emitted bright green fluorescence when excited with UV light and the addition of any other proteins, substrates, or cofactors was not required. The green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strains were used in studies examining the survival of the organism in apple cider and in orange juice. In apple cider the organism declined to undetectable levels in 24 days at refrigeration temperature while in orange juice the strains survived with only small decreases in number during the 24-day sampling period. These recombinant E. coli O157:H7 strains, containing readily identifiable and stable markers, could be useful as positive controls in microbial assays as well as in studies monitoring bacterial survival and the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in foods and in a food processing environment. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, USDA, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, WYNDMOOR, PA 19038 USA. NR 29 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1167 EP 1173 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800003 ER PT J AU White, PL Schlosser, W Benson, CE Maddox, C Hogue, A AF White, PL Schlosser, W Benson, CE Maddox, C Hogue, A TI Environmental survey by manure drag sampling for Salmonella enteritidis in chicken layer houses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE poultry; chicken layers; Salmonella enteritidis; quality assurance AB The Salmonella enteritidis Pilot Project (SEPP) was started in April 1992 as a cooperative effort between federal and state agencies, university laboratories, and the poultry industry in Pennsylvania to identify on-farm management practices which would reduce the S. enteritidis threat to public health. The SEPP evolved into the Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program (PEQAP) in 1994. This program uses many production practices and testing protocols outlined in the SEPP A survey was conducted in 1995 to help evaluate the effectiveness of the program in reducing the prevalence of S. enteritidis in layer flocks. Forty-seven egg laying houses that had been in the SEPP since 1992 were evaluated in 1995 for the presence of S. enteritidis in the environment. Six of 47 houses (13%) were found positive for S. enteritidis on the basis of data collected by manure drag sampling, whereas in 1992 18 of the 47 houses (38%) had been positive for S. enteritidis. The percentage of S. enteritidis-positive samples declined from 21% in 1992 to 3.2% in 1995. This survey provides some evidence that the on-farm risk-reduction management practices identified in the SEPP and subsequently incorporated into the PEQAP have reduced S. enteritidis infections in Pennsylvania hocks. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,MICROBIOL LAB,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP White, PL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM PROD FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,RM 0002,S AGR BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1189 EP 1193 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800006 ER PT J AU Hogue, AT Ebel, ED Thomas, LA Schlosser, W Bufano, N Ferris, K AF Hogue, AT Ebel, ED Thomas, LA Schlosser, W Bufano, N Ferris, K TI Surveys of Salmonella enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens at slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; layers; liquid egg; poultry; survey ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LAYER FLOCK AB In a 1995 national survey of 937 unpasteurized liquid egg samples collected in breaker plants, 179 of 937 samples (19%) were Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) positive. The proportion of unpasteurized liquid egg samples positive for S. Enteritidis was highest in the Northern Region where 106 of 267 samples collected (40%) were S. Enteritidis-positive. These Northern Region results were over three times the S. Enteritidis prevalence detected from the other three regions, whose results ranged between 10% and 12% S. Enteritidis-positive samples. In a 1995 national survey of spent hens at slaughter, 136 of 305 flocks (45%) had at least one S. Enteritidis-positive pooled sample detected. Flock prevalence was highest in the Northern and Central Regions (64% and 40%, respectively); Southeastern and Western Regional flock prevalence levels were much lower (17% and 23%, respectively). A comparison of the 1991 and 1995 unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hen results suggest there has been no decline in S. Enteritidis occurrence in the commercial egg industry between 1991 and 1995. Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 was detected in the 1995 surveys of both spent hens and unpasteurized liquid egg but was not found in either survey in 1991. With the exception of one liquid egg sample from the Southeastern Region, S. Enteritidis phage type 4 was found only in the Western Region of the U.S. S. Enteritidis phage type 4 has emerged in the egg industry in the Western U.S. concurrently with an increase in the number of sporadic human phage type 4 isolates in California and Utah. C1 USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BOISE,ID 83709. USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PLUM ISL,NY 11944. USDA,ANIM PROD FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. USDA,EGG PROD INSPECT PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,NATL VET SERV LAB,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Hogue, AT (reprint author), USDA,ANIM PROD FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,ROOM 0002,S AGR BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1200 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800007 ER PT J AU Ford, E AF Ford, E TI Today's forests lack color SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Ford, E (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,GIFFORD PINCHOT NATL FOREST,10600 NE 51ST CIRCLE,VANCOUVER,WA 98682, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 10 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XY737 UT WOS:A1997XY73700013 ER PT J AU Lee, KY Valaitis, AP Denlinger, DL AF Lee, KY Valaitis, AP Denlinger, DL TI Further evidence that diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is regulated by ecdysteroids: a comparison of diapause and nondiapause strains SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diapause; gypsy moth; nondiapause strain; gut enzymes; ecdysteroids ID KK-42; PROTEINS; LARVAE AB A nondiapause strain of the gypsy moth offers an additional tool for evaluating the regulation of diapause in this species. Patterns of protein expression in the gut and gut enzyme activity distinguished the two strains, Synthesis of a 55 kDa gut protein, previously linked to diapause, began 14 days after oviposition in both the diapause (D) and nondiapause (ND) strains. Though synthesis of this protein persisted in the D strain, its synthesis decreased after day 18 in the ND strain, In the D strain, activity of the proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, aminopeptidase) and esterase remained low, while activity of all of these enzymes increased dramatically in the ND strain 18-20 days after oviposition. By contrast, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was high in both strains 15-17 days after oviposition, activity remained high in the D strain but in the ND strain activity then decreased, Patterns of ALP zymograms were similar in the two strains on day 15, but later a band of high mobility appeared only in the D strain, When 20-hydroxyecdysone was added to hanging drop cultures containing ND pharate larvae 15 days after oviposition, the larvae assumed the characteristics of diapause larvae: the 55 kDa gut protein was synthesized, the ALP zymogram revealed the characteristic diapause pattern, and they failed to ingest culture medium, The fact that 20-hydroxyecdysone could elicit these responses in ND individuals further supports previous results indicating that ecdysteroids promote the induction and maintenance of the pharate larval diapause in this species. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 43 IS 10 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(97)00054-1 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA YK979 UT WOS:A1997YK97900002 ER PT J AU Jansen, S LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Zambrana, JL Marin, C Ostos, MA Castro, P McPherson, R Segura, FL Blanco, A Pereperez, JAJ PerezJimenez, F AF Jansen, S LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Zambrana, JL Marin, C Ostos, MA Castro, P McPherson, R Segura, FL Blanco, A Pereperez, JAJ PerezJimenez, F TI Effect of 360His mutation in apolipoprotein A-IV on plasma HDL-cholesterol response to dietary fat SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apoA-IV polymorphism; dietary fatty acids; lipid response to dietary fat ID GLUTAMINE HISTIDINE POLYMORPHISM; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; C-III; SERUM; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; GENE; ACYLTRANSFERASE; SUBSTITUTION AB In order to determine whether genetic variability of apolipoprotein (ape) X-TV is responsible for the improvement in lipid profile when dietary saturated fats are replaced by carbohydrates or monounsaturated fats, 41 healthy male subjects were studied: 33 were homozygous for the 360Gln allele and 8 were heterozygote carriers of the 360His allele. These were administered three consecutive 4-week diets. The first was a diet rich in saturated fat (SAT diet, with 38% fat, 20% saturated. This was followed by a low fat diet (NCEP-I, with < 30% fat, < 10% saturated). The final diet was rich in monounsaturated far (MUFA diet, with 38% fat, 22% monounsaturated). There was no difference in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels of both groups of individuals after consuming the SAT diet. Switching from this diet to the NCEP-I diet, carriers of the 360His allele presented a greater decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (-10 vs. -1 mg/dL, P < 0.004) and apoA-I levels (-19 vs. -8 mg/dL, P < 0.037). Similarly, replacement of carbohydrates by monounsaturated fats produced a greater increase in HDLC (9 vs. 1 mg/dL, P < 0.003) and apoA-I levels (9 vs. 2 mg/dL, P < 0.036) in carriers of the 360His mutation. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities and apoA-IV levels were also measured. However, no genotype-related differences were observed for these parameters. Our results suggest that variability in HDL-C and apoA-I response to diet is, at least partially, determined by the 360His mutation of apoA-IV. C1 UNIV CORDOBA, HOSP REINA SOFIA, SCH MED, LIPID RES UNIT, CORDOBA 14004, SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, USDA, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. UNIV OTTAWA, INST HEART, LIPOPROT & ATHEROSCLEROSIS GRP, OTTAWA, ON, CANADA. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1995 EP 2002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YD625 UT WOS:A1997YD62500006 PM 9374122 ER PT J AU Yermiyahu, U Rytwo, G Brauer, DK Kinraide, TB AF Yermiyahu, U Rytwo, G Brauer, DK Kinraide, TB TI Binding and electrostatic attraction of lanthanum (La3+) and aluminum (Al3+) to wheat root plasma membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum; electrical potential; lanthanum; plasma membrane; root; surface charge ID SURFACE-CHARGE DENSITY; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; CATION ADSORPTION; QUERCUS-RUBRA; K+ CHANNELS; CALCIUM; VESICLES; CELLS; PROTOPLASTS; MODEL AB A general model for the sorption of trivalent cations to wheat-root (Triticum aestivum L cv, Scout 66) plasma membranes (PM) has been developed and includes the first published coefficients for La3+ and Al3+ binding to a biological membrane. Both ions are rhizotoxic, and the latter ion is the principal contributor to the toxicity of acidic soils around the world. The model takes into account both the electrostatic attraction and the binding of cations to the negatively charged PM surface. Ion binding is modeled as the reaction P- + I-Z reversible arrow PIZ-1 in which P- represents a negatively charged PM ligand, located in an estimated area of 540 Angstrom(2), and I-Z represents an ion of charge Z. Binding constants for the reaction were assigned for K+ (1 M-1) and Ca2+ (30 M-1) and evaluated experimentally for La3+ (2200 M-1) and H+ (21,500 M-1). Al sorption is complicated by Al3+ hydrolysis that yields hydroxoaluminum species that are also sorbed. Binding constants of 30 and 1 M-1 were assigned for AlOH2+ and Al(OH)(2)(+), respectively, then a constant for Al3+ (20,000 M-1) was evaluated experimentally using the previously obtained values for K+, Ca2+ and H+ binding, Electrostatic attraction was modeled according to Gouy-Chapman theory. Evaluation of parameters was based upon the sorption of ions to PM vesicles suspended in solutions containing variable concentrations of H+, Ca2+ and La3+ or Al3+. Use of small volumes, and improved assay techniques, allowed the measurement of concentration depletions caused by sorption to vesicles. Some independent confirmation of our model is provided by substantial agreement between our computations and two published reports of La3+ effects upon zeta potentials of plant protoplasts. The single published report concerning the electrostatic effects of Al on cell membranes is in essential agreement with the model. C1 AGR RES SERV, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, USDA, BEAVER, WV 25813 USA. NR 66 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 3 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s002329900287 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA XX151 UT WOS:A1997XX15100007 PM 9312213 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Carlson, KD McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK Taylor, A AF Imakawa, K Carlson, KD McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK Taylor, A TI Enhancement of ovine trophoblast interferon by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: possible involvement of protein kinase C SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FACTOR-RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTORS; GM-CSF; INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR; ALPHA-INTERFERONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; MESSENGER-RNA AB Interferon-tau (oIFN tau), the major secretory product of ovine conceptuses between days 13 and 21 (day 0=day of estrus) of pregnancy, is implicated in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Culturing of day-14 and day-16 conceptus tissues in the presence of human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) produces a marked increase in oIFN tau mRNA and protein expression. Since GM-CSF and IL-3 are localized at the luminal and glandular epithelia of the ovine endometrium, maternally derived GM-CSF and IL-3 may affect conceptus production of oIFN tau in a paracrine manner. However, the molecular mechanisms by which endometrial GM-CSF and IL-3 up-regulate oIFN tau production have not been defined. As an initial investigation of the signaling pathway regulating the GM-CSF induction of the oIFN tau gene, day-16 conceptuses were treated with an inducer, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) calphostin C of the protein pathway. Treatment with either 150 units/ml hGM-CSF (P < 0.01) or 10 nM PMA (P < 0.05) resulted in a significant increase in oIFN tau mRNA expression. Pretreatment of conceptuses with 1 mu M PMA for 12 h to produce PKC-deficient tissues or treatment with 50 mM calphostin C abolished the hGM-CSF-induced increase in oIFN tau mRNA. An in vitro expression system was established for the analysis of oIFN tau gene regulatory sequences. The oIFN tau 010 gene has been isolated previously and found to be the principal oIFN tau gene up-regulated during the preimplantation period. 5'-Flanking regions of the oIFN tau 010 gene, 2 kb and 0.8 kb, were cloned into a basic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid. These oIFN tau 010 promoter constructs, along with expression controls, were transfected into human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG3) and their responsiveness to hGM-CSF and second messenger system activators including PMA, calcium ionophore (A23187) and 8-bromo-cAMP were characterized. The oIFN tau 010 promoter constructs were up-regulated by hGM-CSF and PMA treatments (P < 0.01). Combined treatment with PMA and A23187 prevented the promoter activation seen with PMA alone. The conceptus culture data, along with the results from the transfection experiments, suggest that the stimulatory effect of GM-CSF on oIFN tau is mediated through the PKC second messenger system. C1 WICHITA STATE UNIV, DEPT SCI BIOL, WICHITA, KS 67260 USA. ARS, REPROD RES UNIT, USDA, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED, 3901 RAINBOW BLVD, KANSAS CITY, KS 66160 USA. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1677/jme.0.0190121 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YA161 UT WOS:A1997YA16100003 PM 9343304 ER PT J AU Shier, WT Abbas, HK Badria, FA AF Shier, WT Abbas, HK Badria, FA TI Structure-activity relationships of the corn fungal toxin fumonisin B-1: Implications for food safety SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; TRICARBALLYLIC ACID MOIETIES; MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURES; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; AAL-TOXIN; T-A; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES AB The cause of most human cancer is not known, but the preponderance of evidence implicates environmental agents. Almost all known environmental carcinogens have been shown to be mutagens, which suggests that they act as initiators of carcinoogenesis. In contrast, until the discovery of the fumonisins there were few, if any, viable candidates for environmental tumor promoters, agents which induce the subsequent step(s) of carcinogenesis. The fumonisins are a series of sphingosine-analog mycotoxins produced by the ubiquitous corn contaminant Fusarium moniliforme. The full extent of the threat to food safety posed by the fumonisins is not known, in part because much of the extractable, assayable fumonisin B-1 (FB1) contaminating foods is converted to other unidentified forms during food processing. Structure-activity relationship studies on natural and synthetic fumonisins indicate that extensive alterations in structure are possible without loss of biological activity. This observation raised the concern that some of the FB1 lost during food processing may actually have been converted to other biologically active forms. FB1 is converted to other forms by several pathways under thermal food processing conditions. A major mechanism appears to be binding to protein, probably by conversion of a side chain to the anhydride followed by covalent coupling to protein by the mixed anhydride reaction. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,USDA,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 79 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 225 EP 242 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA YH715 UT WOS:A1997YH71500001 ER PT J AU Johnson, EJ Qin, JA Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Johnson, EJ Qin, JA Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI beta-carotene isomers in human serum, breast milk and buccal mucosa cells after continuous oral doses of all-trans and 9-cis beta-carotene SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene isomers; absorption; tissue uptake; humans ID RETINOIC ACID; PLASMA; 9-CIS-BETA-CAROTENE; ABSORPTION; INGESTION; RECEPTOR; ALPHA AB The concentrations of all-trans beta-carotene (tBC) and 9-cis beta-carotene (9cBC) isomers in serum, breast milk and buccal mucosa cells were determined after continuous oral doses as a simple, non-invasive method to determine whether differences in tissue uptake are important determinants of serum responses. Twelve healthy lactating women were recruited for a nonresidential study. On d 1, blood samples were obtained from fasting subjects for baseline concentrations of beta-carotene isomers. Over a 1-wk period, subjects were given either seven doses of a placebo (n = 4) or seven doses of naturally occurring BC (n = 8) derived from Dunaliella bardawil (64 mg tBC, 69 mg 9cBC). Subjects were instructed to consume a single beta-carotene dose along with a meal containing adequate fat each day for 1 wk, On d 2, 3, 5 and 8, blood samples and breast milk were collected from fasting subjects. On d 1 and 8, buccal mucosa cells were collected. Samples were analyzed for carotenoids by HPLC. In the experimental group, the mean serum concentration of tBC significantly increased to seven times the baseline level by the end of the supplementation period (P < 0.0001). The serum concentration of 9cBC significantly increased to three times the baseline level by the end of the supplementation period (P < 0.0001). The changes in milk and buccal mucosa cells levels of tBC and 9cBC followed a pattern similar to that for serum, showing significant increases at the end of the supplementation period. In the control group, the serum, milk and buccal mucosa cell concentrations of BC isomers did not change. This study confirms the previously reported differences in the serum response curves of tBC and 9cBC and provides evidence that there is no difference in tissue uptake of tBC and 9cBC. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 IS 10 BP 1993 EP 1999 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA336 UT WOS:A1997YA33600011 PM 9311956 ER PT J AU Han, O Failla, ML Smith, JC AF Han, O Failla, ML Smith, JC TI Transferrin-iron and proinflammatory cytokines influence iron status and apical iron transport efficiency of Caco-2 intestinal cell line SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; transferrin; ferritin; interleukin-1 beta; interleukin-6; Caco-2 cells ID SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; NONHEME-IRON; ABSORPTION; RECEPTOR; MODEL; MONOLAYERS; ENDOCYTOSIS; METABOLISM AB Endogenous factors that regulate the absorption of dietary iron remain unknown. Differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human intestinal cells grown on membrane inserts were used to study the characteristics of transferrin-iron uptake across the basolateral surface, the effects of transferrin-iron uptake on cellular ferritin content, the transport of apical iron across the monolayer, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on these processes. Caco-2 cells accumulated transferrin-iron from the basolateral chamber by a temperature-dependent, saturable process that was enhanced in less differential cultures and attenuated by pre-exposure to high-iron medium. Exposure of Caco-2 cells to 10 mu mol/L diferric transferrin for 36 hr increased cellular ferritin protein 3.4-fold and decreased the transport of apical Fe-59 to the basolateral compartment by 45%. Pretreatment of cells with a combination of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased transferrin-iron uptake by 70% and cellular ferritin content by 54%. Also, cytokine treatment decreased apical iron transport across the monolayer by 40% without altering paracellular transport of mannitol. These results suggest that transferrin-iron and proinflammatory cytokines are capable of modulating the iron status and iron transport activity of intestinal epithelial cells. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CAROTENOID RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00111-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YB146 UT WOS:A1997YB14600006 ER PT J AU Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Urban, JF AF Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Urban, JF TI Secretion of an aminopeptidase during transition of third- to fourth-stage larvae of Ascaris suum SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4TH-STAGE LARVAE; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MOLTING FLUID; MANDUCA-SEXTA; 3RD-STAGE AB Protease activity was identified in culture fluids collected during in vitro development of L3 to L4 larval stages of Ascaris suum. Fluorogenic peptide substrates with unblocked N-termini were specifically hydrolyzed indicating aminopeptidase activity; a terminal arginyl residue was preferred, Culture fluids did not hydrolyze fluorogenic peptide substrates with blocked N-termini (endopeptidase substrates). The aminopeptidase activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline (metalloprotease inhibitor) and by amastatin and bestatin (aminopeptidase inhibitors); AEBSF (serine protease inhibitor), Z-pbe-ala-FMK and E-64 (cysteine protease inhibitors), and pepstatin A (aspartyl protease inhibitor) had little effect on activity. The apparent molecular weight of the aminopeptidase was estimated gy sucrose density gradient centrifugation at 293 kDa. The aminopeptidase displayed an acidic isoelectric point of 4.7. The peak secretion of the aminopeptidase was temporally associated with molting and suggests a function for the protease in this complex process. RP ARS, PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 780 EP 784 DI 10.2307/3284267 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800002 PM 9379278 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rollor, EA Smith, K Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Rollor, EA Smith, K Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P TI Low seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in feral pigs from a remote island lacking cats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC SURVEY; OSSABAW ISLAND; SWINE FARMS; WILD HOGS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; RESPONSES AB Serum samples from 1,264 feral pigs from Ossabaw Island, Georgia were initially screened for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole-formalinized tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. Seropositive samples were also tested by the Sabin-Feldman dye rest, the latex agglutination test (LAT), and the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). Ossabaw Island is a remote, barrier island located southeast of Savannah, Georgia. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 11 (0.9%) of 1,264 pigs. The antibody titers were 1:20 (1 pig), 1:80 (2 pigs), 1:160 (2 pigs), 1:320 (4 pigs), and 1:640 (2 pigs) by the MAT, and 1:8 (2 pigs), 1:16 (3 pigs), 1:32 (1 pig), 1:64 (2 pigs), 1:128 (1 pig), and greater than or equal to 1:256 (2 pigs) by the Sabin-Feldman dye test. By the LAT, 5 pigs had a titer of greater than or equal to 1:64 and by the IHAT all 11 pigs had a titer of < 1:64. Antibodies (MAT titer, greater than or equal to 1:25) were found in 31 (18.2%) of 170 feral pigs from mainland Georgia. This seroprevalence on the mainland was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) as compared on Ossabaw Island. The markedly low prevalence of T. gondii on Ossabaw Island was attributed to the virtual absence of cats on the Island; only 1 domestic cat was known to be present. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 839 EP 841 DI 10.2307/3284277 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800012 PM 9379287 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Speer, CA Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Blixt, JA AF Dubey, JP Speer, CA Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Blixt, JA TI Oocyst-induced murine toxoplasmosis: Life cycle, pathogenicity, and stage conversion in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; TACHYZOITES; BRADYZOITES; STRAINS; CYSTS; SPOROZOITES; INFECTION; ANTIGEN; CATS AB The development of sporozoites to tachyzoites and bradyzoites was studied in mice after feeding 1-7.5 X 10(7) Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Within 2 hr after inoculation (HAI), sporozoites had excysted and penetrated the small intestinal epithelium. At 2 HAI, most sporozoites were in surface epithelial cells and in the lamina propria of the ileum, and by 8 HAI, T. gondii was also seen in mesenteric lymph nodes. At 12 HAI, sporozoites had divided into 2 tachyzoites in the lamina propria of the small intestine. By 45 HAI, there was a profuse growth of tachyzoites in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice fed 7.5 X 10(7) oocysts. Parasites had disseminated via the blood and lymph to other organs by 4 days after inoculation (DAI). Toxoplasma gondii was first isolated from peripheral blood at 4 HAI. Tissue cysts were visible histologically in the brain at 8 DAI. By using immunohistochemical staining with anti-bradyzoite-specific (BAG-5 antigen) serum, BAG-5-positive organisms were first seen at 5 DAI in the intestine and at 8 DAI in the brain. Using the bioassay in cats, bradyzoites were first detected in mouse tissues between 6 and 7 DAI, and they were found in intestines before they were found in the brain. Cats fed murine tissues containing bradyzoites shed oocysts in their feces with a short (< 10 days) prepatent period, whereas cats fed tissues containing tachyzoites did not shed oocysts within 3 wk. Using a pepsin-digestion procedure and mouse bioassay, bradyzoites were first detected in brain tissue at 7 DAI and in many organs of mice at 51 and 151 DAI. Individual bradyzoites, small and large tissue cysts, and tachyzoites were seen in the brains of mice at 87 and 236 DAI. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 870 EP 882 DI 10.2307/3284282 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800017 PM 9379292 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Fetterer, RH AF Hill, DE Fetterer, RH TI The effect of disulfiram on egg shell formation in adult Trichuris muris SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOL OXIDASE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; SUIS; PHENOLOXIDASE AB The effect of disulfiram on egg shell morphology in the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris was studied in vitro and in vivo. Daily disulfiram treatment of mice infected with T. muris beginning 25 days after infection and continuing for 26 days resulted in the production of malformed eggs by adult female worms in all treated groups. In addition, significantly fewer adult worms were found at necropsy in mice treated with 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg/day of disulfiram as compared with mice treated with 2.5 mg/kg/day or control mice. Adult worms collected from infected, untreated mice and placed in aerobic culture for 5 days in media containing 4 or 8 mu g/ml of disulfiram released malformed eggs into the culture medium after 30 hr in culture. Oral inoculation of naive mice with malformed eggs did not result in T. muris infections in the mice. The results of these studies suggest that inhibition of phenol oxidase results in disruption of normal egg production by T. muris females and that the enzyme might be a useful target in the development of control strategies aimed at nematode parasites that rely on phenol oxidase fur egg shell hardening. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BLDG 1044,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 938 EP 942 DI 10.2307/3284293 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800028 PM 9379303 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Survival of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in 0.85-6% NaCl solutions at 4-20 C SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIVITY; PORK AB The effect of storage of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in various NaCl solutions at different temperatures was studied. Tissue cysts from rodent brains were suspended in 0.85%, 2.0%, 3.3%, and 6.0% aqueous NaCl solutions. After storage at 4-20 C for various time intervals, brains were bioassayed in mice for viability of T. gondii. At 4 C, tissue cysts survived for at least 56 days in 0.85% NaCl, for 49 days in 2.0% NaCl, and for 21 days in 3.3% NaCl solutions. At 10 C, tissue cysts survived fcr at least 21 days in 0.85%, 2.0%, and 3.3% NaCl solutions. At 15 C, tissue cysts survived for at least 21 days in 0.85% NaCl, 14 days in 2.0%, and 3.3% NaCl solutions. At 20 C, tissue cysts survived for 14 days in 0.85% NaCl, 7 days in 2.0% NaCl, and 3 days in 3.3% NaCl solutions. Tissue cysts generally did not survive in 6.0% NaCl solution at any temperature. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS,USDA,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 946 EP 949 DI 10.2307/3284295 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800030 PM 9379305 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Trout, JM AF Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Trout, JM TI In vitro interactions between hemocytes of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE WATERS AB It was demonstrated by an in vitro slide phagocytosis assay that hemocytes of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791 are capable of rapid recognition and internalization of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum (AUCP-1 strain) oocysts. The incubation of hemocyte monolayers (8.5 X 10(4) cells) that had received 6.8 X 10(5) or 3.4 x 10(5) oocysts was arrested at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min and the oocysts detected by acid-fast stain and immunofluorescent antibody (IFAT). An average of 20.5, 38.3, 50.2, 58.9, 69.0, and 75.0% oocysts were phagocytosed after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. The intensity of fluorescence of phagocytosed oocysts significantly decreased over time (P < 0.01), and their round shape was altered. The number of cells containing oocysts and the mean number of ingested oocysts (range: 1.2-4.5 per cell) increased significantly over time (P < 0.01), whereas the numbers of nonphagocytosed oocysts that were adherent to the glass slides significantly decreased (P < 0.05). By extrapolation, the results indicate that Cr. virginica is capable of internalizing up to 6.4 x 10(6) Cryptosporidium oocysts per mi of its hemolymph. C1 ARS,IMMUN & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,US DEPT COMMERCE,OXFORD,MD 21654. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.2307/3284296 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YB398 UT WOS:A1997YB39800031 PM 9379306 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP Dery, PD Mao, W Hebbar, PK AF Roberts, DP Dery, PD Mao, W Hebbar, PK TI Use of a colonization-deficient strain of Escherichia coli in strain combinations for enhanced biocontrol of cucumber seedling diseases SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TAKE-ALL; WHEAT AB Seed treatments containing combinations of Escherichia coli S17R1 and Burkholderia cepacia Bc-B provided significantly greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) suppression of cucumber seedling pathogens in a field soil naturally infested with Pythium and Fusarium spp. than seeds treated individually with strains Bc-B, S17R1, or Enterobacter cloacae 501R3. Although strain S17R1 had no effect on disease severity when applied alone and did not colonize cucumber rhizosphere, it enhanced the biocontrol effectiveness of strain Bc-B. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 145 IS 10 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1997.tb00350.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YA640 UT WOS:A1997YA64000009 ER PT J AU Tischler, CR Voigt, PW Monk, RL AF Tischler, CR Voigt, PW Monk, RL TI Characterization of subcoleoptile internode elongation in grasses grown in low light SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE subcoleoptile internode; coleoptilar node; sorghum; forage grasses ID MESOCOTYL ELONGATION; SEEDLINGS; MAIZE AB The subcoleoptile internode (SCI) of developing Panicoid grass seedlings often elongates excessively, and results in placement of the coleoptilar node (CN) at or above the soil surface. Most seedlings with a CN located on or above the soil surface perish. Location of the CN is controlled by the interaction of Pc, and an aurin-producing system in the coleoptile. Grass species which have an elevated CN in field situations also have elevated nodes when grown under continuous dim light. To refine a plant culture system which could be used in a plant breeding program to reduce CN elevation, four forage grasses and three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) hybrids and their parents were grown in this system. Objectives were to determine the kinetics of SCI and shoot elongation and, for sorghum, to also determine if variability in response existed among inbred lines, and if heterosis was observed for either shoot or SCI elongation. Seed were planted in commercial potting media and resulting plants measured for 7 d. For all species, SCI elongation appeared to cease by 4 d, although shoots continued to elongate. Heterosis (above high parent) was observed for shoot length, but not for SCI length, for all sorghum hybrids. Variability in SCI length among sorghum inbreds suggests that genetic variability exists for sensitivity to light, and subsequent CN placement. If this technique was used in a plant breeding scheme, desired seedlings could be chosen by 4 d post planting (when seedlings are more able to survive transplanting). This system may be useful in a plant breeding approach to modify photomorphogenic responses of monocot seedlings. C1 ARS,USDA,BEAVER,WV 25813. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,TAFT,TX 78390. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 151 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YC704 UT WOS:A1997YC70400013 ER PT J AU Ralston, K AF Ralston, K TI Children's health as an input to labor: Intrahousehold food distribution in rural Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article AB This study tests the hypothesis that intrahousehold calorie allocation in rural West Java responds to differences in children's labor contributions to the household. The results support the hypothesis, and also suggest that male children's health is valued more highly by households in the surveyed village than that of female children even after current labor contributions an accounted for. (C) 1997 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Ralston, K (reprint author), ECON RES SERV,USDA,1301 NEW YORK,NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 567 EP 586 DI 10.1016/S0161-8938(96)00069-5 PG 20 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XU713 UT WOS:A1997XU71300004 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Spaeth, SC Muehlbauer, FJ AF McPhee, KE Spaeth, SC Muehlbauer, FJ TI Seed yield and residue production of lentil cultivars grown at different slope positions SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; WINTER-WHEAT AB The presence of crop residue on the soil surface is important in controlling soil erosion, but residue amounts from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) are often insufficient to control soil erosion during subsequent phases of the cereal-grain legume cropping systems of the U.S, Pacific Northwest. To gain knowledge of residue production by lentil in typical production environments, six lentil cultivars were grown at four slope positions in southeastern Washington over 3 yr. Residue and seed production varied significantly among cultivars and slope positions (P < 0.01), Total residue production ranged from four to 20 times the 290 lb/acre required by conservation standards, however, the amount remaining after sowing of the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was much less, indicating that large losses occurred during harvesting and tillage operations, On lower slope positions, grain and residue yields were inversely correlated for all cultivars. On upper slope positions, grain yields were nearly constant among cultivars, but 'Laird' produced an average of 42% more residue than 'Brewer', No single cultivar met yield and residue production criteria across all landscape positions, Growers can improve erosion control by site-specific sowing of high-residue cultivars such as Laird. Breeding programs should consider the differences in the upper and lower slope positions for seed and residue production when selecting for cultivars with improved biomass production. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, KE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 602 EP 607 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YM044 UT WOS:000071022300012 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, B Hagstrum, DW Meagher, RL Burkness, EC Hutchison, WD Naranjo, SE AF Subramanyam, B Hagstrum, DW Meagher, RL Burkness, EC Hutchison, WD Naranjo, SE TI Development and evaluation of sequential sampling plans for Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) infesting farm-stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE binomial sampling; computer simulations; density estimation; pest control decisions; rusty grain beetle ID PEST-MANAGEMENT; INSECT POPULATIONS; PROBE TRAPS; SIZES AB The development and evaluation of appropriate sampling plans are needed for cost-effective management of stored-product insects. Sequential sampling plans, which are based on a variable sample size, are generally more cost effective than plans based on a fixed sample size. For adults of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), we developed sequential sampling plans based on complete counts and the presence/absence of insects in 0.5 kg grain samples removed with a trier from the top 1 m of wheat stored in farm bins. Insect count data were used to develop a sampling plan for estimating the density of C. ferrugineus with a fixed level of precision, The presence/absence data were used to develop a sampling plan for classifying the C. ferrugineus infestation level relative to an action threshold. The performance of these sampling plans was evaluated (validated) using independent data sets and an IBM-PC software program specifically designed to test the plans. This is the first paper illustrating the development and evaluation of sequential sampling plans for a stored-product insect. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. USDA ARS,S ATLANTIC AREA,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Subramanyam, B (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00014-3 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YL213 UT WOS:A1997YL21300007 ER PT J AU Rammer, DR Zahn, JJ AF Rammer, DR Zahn, JJ TI Determination of Ylinen's parameter for parallel-strand lumber SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This study investigates the performance of 38 by 89 mm (1.5 by 3.5 in.) parallel-strand lumber columns. Currently, the 1991 national design specification of the American Forest and Paper Association far columns includes a c factor that describes the interaction of columns between the pure crushing and stability failure modes. For wood material, c is a combination of member straightness, material inhomogeneity, and stress-strain plasticity. The objective of our study is to determine an appropriate c value for parallel-strand lumber. Columns of several lengths are axially loaded to failure. Based on the nonlinear least-squares fit of column results, adjusted to a common moisture content, the most probable value of c for parallel-strand lumber is 0.86. This increased c value is attributed to the greater homogeneity and straightness of the manufactured columns. RP Rammer, DR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1997 VL 123 IS 10 BP 1409 EP 1414 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:10(1409) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA XX171 UT WOS:A1997XX17100017 ER PT J AU Rajaram, G Erbach, DC AF Rajaram, G Erbach, DC TI Hysteresis in soil mechanical behavior SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article AB The performance of a vertical tine was investigated at various water contents during wetting and drying cycles in a clay-loam soil. Results showed that at a given water content the soil during the wetting cycle failed by fracture mode and offered relatively more draft. Soil during the drying cycle cracked, and when a tine was pushed through the soil, it failed along the cracks. This failure mode was referred to as preferential fracture. For a given water content, tine forces and soil shear strength properties were found to be greater during the wetting cycle than the drying cycle, which leads to the conclusion that there is a hysteresis effect in soil caused by drying :stress induced by seasonal wetting and drying. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vigo, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind & Minas, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Vigo 36200, Spain. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Rajaram, G (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind & Minas, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Lagoas Marcosende 9, Vigo 36200, Spain. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0022-4898(98)00004-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA V3161 UT WOS:000171770800003 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA AF Anderson, RA TI Nutritional factors influencing the glucose/insulin system: Chromium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chromium; diabetes; trace elements; glucose tolerance ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SUPPLEMENTAL-CHROMIUM; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN; DEFICIENCY; DIETS; LOSSES; LIPIDS; EXCRETION; DIABETICS AB Chromium (Cr) improves the glucose/insulin system in subjects with hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes and hyperlipemia with no detectable effects on control subjects. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. There have been several studies involving Cr supplementation of subjects with NIDDM and/or lipemia and most have reported beneficial effects of Cr on the glucose/insulin system. In a recent study, Chinese subjects with NIDDM were divided into three groups of 60 subjects and supplemented with placebo, 100 or 500 mu g of Cr as chromium picolinate 2 times per day for 4 months. Improvements in the glucose/insulin system were highly significant in the subjects receiving 500 pg twice per day with less or no significant improvements in the subjects receiving 100 mu g twice per day after 2 and 4 months. In summary, Cr is involved in the control of the glucose/insulin system and the amount, and likely Form of chromium, are critical when evaluating the; role of chromium in this system. C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307,Room 224,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 46 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YT621 UT WOS:000071625400004 PM 9322187 ER PT J AU Brown, E Kronick, P AF Brown, E Kronick, P TI The application of computational chemistry to the study of the chemistry of collagen - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Brown, E (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 92 IS 8 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YP194 UT WOS:000071252000002 ER PT J AU Cabeza, LF Taylor, MM Brown, EM Marmer, WN AF Cabeza, LF Taylor, MM Brown, EM Marmer, WN TI Influence of pepsin and trypsin on chemical and physical properties of isolated gelatin from chrome shavings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 93rd Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 22-26, 1997 CL POCONO MANOR, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc AB During the last century, proteolytic enzymes have been used to solubilize collagen. Each enzyme attacks the molecule in a different way; the specificity of each enzyme is already known. After enzymatic digestion, either gelatin or peptides can be obtained from pure collagen. Enzymes have been also applied to gelatin isolation from chrome shavings. In previous work, the effects of different enzymes such as alkaline protease, pepsin, papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin were surveyed, with the discovery that the choice of enzyme had much more influence than the conditions of the experiment. In the current study, pepsin and trypsin, the most promising enzymes from the previous study, were used to study their effects in depth. Chrome shavings were pretreated for 6 to 24 hours with an enzymic solution, at the optimum pH for the enzyme, and at room temperature; only selected bonds were broken. Gelatin was extracted at 70 degrees C; pH 8 was used at this stage to avoid chrome solubilization. Chemical and physical properties moisture, ash, nitrogen, and chrome content, gel strength, viscosity, and molecular weight distribution - were determined for the isolated gelatin. The results were used to compare the effectiveness of both enzymes. Whereas pepsin behaved as a mild enzyme with a controllable effect on leather wastes, trypsin gave a better yield. The isolation of high quality products from wastes will allow a more cost-effective recycling procedure, an incentive to the tanning industry not to dispose of this waste material in landfills. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cabeza, LF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013 OI Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 92 IS 8 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YP194 UT WOS:000071252000003 ER PT J AU Rothfus, JA Wolf, WJ AF Rothfus, JA Wolf, WJ TI Analogous salicylic acid affinity regions in serum albumin and soybean beta-conglycinin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS AB The known structures of human serum albumin and its binding sites for salicylic acid (SA) were used as a model for examining the amino acid sequence of soybean beta-conglycinin to determine whether a plant protein might share structural similarities with albumin relative to the binding of SA. Molecular mechanics energy calculations for computed nonionized and ionized interactions in vacuo identified the two major SA affinity regions in human serum albumin and a single analogous region in the alpha-subunit of soybean beta-conglycinin. SA interactions with 21-residue segments from both proteins suggest redundant binding sites with multiple degrees of affinity. High-affinity segments incorporate hydrophobic amino acids with combinations or multiple residues of histidine, tryptophan, lysine, or arginine in keeping with a preference of SA for homopolymers of these acids over other homopolypeptides. Residue spacing also seems important. High affinity is associated with but not imparted by genetic similarity. Profiles from beta-sheet conformations simplify identification of analogous segments. C1 ARS,BIOMAT PROC RES & PLANT POLYMER RES,NCAUR,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1201 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0045-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YA666 UT WOS:A1997YA66600002 ER PT J AU Hammond, EG Duvick, D Wang, T Dodo, H Pittman, RN AF Hammond, EG Duvick, D Wang, T Dodo, H Pittman, RN TI Survey of the fatty acid composition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) germplasm and characterization of their epoxy and eicosenoic acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; cis-11-eicosenoic acid; cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid; coronaric acid; epoxy fatty acids; fatty acid composition; peanut; vernolic acid ID EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS; OIL; CHOLESTEROL; CULTIVARS AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plant introductions (732) were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Palmitate varied from 8.2 to 15.1%, stearate 1.1 to 7.2%, oleate 31.5 to 60.2%, linoleate 19.9 to 45.4%, arachidate 0.8 to 3.2%, eicosenoate 0.6 to 2.6%, behenate 1.8 to 5.4%, and lignocerate 0.5 to 2.5%. The eicosenoate was shown to be cis-11-eicosenoate. In addition, epoxy fatty acids were found in many plant introductions in percentages ranging as high as 2.5%. These were tentatively identified as chiefly 9,10-epoxy stearate and coronarate with smaller amounts of vernolate. The percent age of palmitate was shown to be correlated positively with linoleate and negatively with oleate, eicosenoate, and lignocerate. Stearate was highly correlated with arachidate and negatively with eicosenoate and lignocerate. Oleate and linoleate, the two major fatty acids, were negatively correlated. Arachidate was negatively correlated with eicosenoate, and eicosenoate was positively correlated with lignocerate. Behenate and lignocerate were positively correlated. Epoxy esters were positively correlated with palmitate and negatively with oleate. Segregation of the plant introductions by axis flower, growth habit, and pod types showed significant differences that reflected the same fatty acid groupings revealed by the correlations. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & ANIM IND,NORMAL,AL 35762. ARS,USDA,GRIFFIN,GA. RP Hammond, EG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,FOOD SCI BLDG,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0050-z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YA666 UT WOS:A1997YA66600007 ER PT J AU Warner, K Knowlton, S AF Warner, K Knowlton, S TI Frying quality and oxidative stability of high-oleic corn oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE corn oil; flavor; frying; high-oleic corn oil; odor; oxidation; polar compounds; sensory; stability; volatile compounds ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS; VEGETABLE-OILS; SOYBEAN OILS; CANOLA OIL; ROOM-ODOR; HYDROGENATION; PERFORMANCE AB To determine the frying stability of corn oils that are genetically modified to contain 65% oleic acid, high-oleic corn oil was evaluated in room odor tests and by total polar compound analysis. Flavor characteristics of trench-fried potatoes, prepared in the oil, were also evaluated by trained analytical sensory panelists. In comparison to normal corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil and high-oleic (80 and 90%) sunflower oils, high-oleic corn oil had significantly (P < 0.05) lon er total polar compound levels after 20 h of oil heating and frying at 190 degrees C than the other oils. Fried-Toed flavor intensity was significantly higher in the normal corn oil during the early portion of the frying schedule than in any of the high-oleic or hydrogenated oils; however, after 17.5 h of frying, the potatoes fried in normal corn oil had the lowest intensity of fried-food flavor. Corn oil also had the highest intensities of off-odors, including acrid and burnt, in room odor tests. High-oleic corn oil also was evaluated as a salad oil for flavor characteristics and oxidative stability. Results showed that dry-milled high-oleic corn oil had good initial flavor quality and was significantly (P < 0.05) more stable than dry-milled normal corn oil after oven storage tests at 60 degrees C, as evaluated by flavor scores and peroxide values. Although the high-oleic corn oil had significantly (P < 0.05) better flavor and oxidative stability than corn oil after aging at 60 degrees C, even more pronounced effects were found in high-temperature frying tests, suggesting the advantages of high-oleic corn oil compared to normal or hydrogenated corn oils. C1 DUPONT CO INC,STINE HASKELL RES CTR,AGR PROD,NEWARK,DE 19714. RP Warner, K (reprint author), ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1317 EP 1322 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0063-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YA666 UT WOS:A1997YA66600020 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, J Kaplan, B AF Hollingsworth, J Kaplan, B TI Public health veterinarians protect food supply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item RP Hollingsworth, J (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 7 BP 818 EP 819 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XY983 UT WOS:A1997XY98300003 PM 9333078 ER PT J AU Detwiler, LA AF Detwiler, LA TI Update on BSE contingency plan SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Detwiler, LA (reprint author), USDA,EMERGENCY PROGRAM,APHIS,VET SERV,ROBBINSVILLE,NJ, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 7 BP 837 EP 837 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XY983 UT WOS:A1997XY98300018 PM 9333081 ER PT J AU Omernik, JM Bailey, RG AF Omernik, JM Bailey, RG TI Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ecoregions; basins; watersheds; hydrologic units; ecosystem management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; AQUATIC ECOREGIONS; STREAMS; VARIABILITY; FRAMEWORK; WISCONSIN; PATTERNS; REGIONS; QUALITY AB In an effort to adopt more holistic ecosystem approaches to resource assessment and management, many state and federal agencies have begun using watershed or ecoregion frameworks. Although few would question the need to make this move from dealing with problems and issues on a case by case or point-type basis to broader regional contexts, misunderstanding of each of the frameworks has resulted in inconsistency in their use and ultimate effectiveness. The focus of this paper is on the clarification of both frameworks. We stress that the issue is not whether to use watersheds (or basins or hydrologic units) or ecoregions for needs such as developing ecosystem management and non-point source pollution strategies or structuring water quality regulatory programs, but how to correctly use the frameworks together. Definitions, uses, and misuses of each of the frameworks are discussed as well as ways watersheds and ecoregions can be and have been used together effectively to meet resource management needs. C1 US FOREST SERV,ECOSYST MANAGEMENT ANAL CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. RP Omernik, JM (reprint author), US EPA,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS RES LAB,WESTERN ECOL DIV,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 82 TC 150 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 935 EP 949 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04115.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YF959 UT WOS:A1997YF95900002 ER PT J AU McNulty, SG Vose, JM Swank, WT AF McNulty, SG Vose, JM Swank, WT TI Regional hydrologic response of loblolly pine to air temperature and precipitation changes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; climate change; evapotranspiration; drainage; soil water stress; model; PnET-IIS ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-RESPONSES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODELS AB Large deviations in average annual air temperatures and total annual precipitation were observed across the southern United States during the last 50 years, and these fluctuations could become even larger during the next century. We used PnET-IIS, a monthly time-step forest process model that uses soil, vegetation, and climate inputs to assess the influence of changing climate on southern U.S. pine forest water use. After model predictions of historic drainage were validated the potential influences of climate change on loblolly pine forest water use was assessed across the region using historic (1951 to 1984) monthly precipitation and air temperature which were modified by two general circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs predicted a 3.2 degrees C to 7.2 degrees C increase in average monthly air temperature, a -24 percent to +31 percent change in monthly precipitation and a -1 percent to +3 percent change in annual precipitation. As a comparison to the GCMs, a minimum climate change scenario using a constant 2 degrees C increase in monthly air temperature and a 20 percent increase in monthly precipitation was run in conjunction with historic climate data. Predicted changes in forest water drainage were highly dependent on the GCM used. PnET-IIS predicted that along the northern range of loblolly pine, water yield would decrease with increasing leaf area, total evapotranspiration and soil water stress. However, across most of the southern U.S., PnET-IIS predicted decreased leaf area, total evapotranspiration, and soil water stress with an associated increase in water yield. Depending on the GCM and geographic location, predicted leaf area decreased to a point which would no longer sustain loblolly pine forests, and thus indicated a decrease in the southern most range of the species within the region. These results should be evaluated in relation to other changing environmental factors (i.e., CO2 and O-3) which are not present in the current model. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM, RALEIGH, NC 27606 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, COWEETA HYDROL LAB, 3160 COWEETA LAB RD, OTTO, NC 28763 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1022 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04120.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YF959 UT WOS:A1997YF95900007 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Pump system for improving runoff records during winter SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE weir; freezing; icing; runoff flow measurement AB Freezing winter temperatures can cause icing of outdoor weirs used to measure surface runoff. Ice typically forms in the notch and on the crests of short-crested V-notch weirs, causing incorrect gage heights to be measured. A method for reducing the effects of ice formation on weirs and weir pools using a pump is presented and evaluated. Warmer water from the bottom of the weir pool is pumped to the surface, reducing the opportunity for the water surface to freeze. The pump is shown to work except under extremely cold conditions, improving runoff records from 27 percent to 60 percent. The pump system has no practical effect on measured gage height. Frequency distributions of flow rates and air temperatures under measured ice-free and other weir conditions are presented. Suggestions Far use of the pump system under temperature conditions other than those in this study are given. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), ARS,USDA,N APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,POB 488,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04121.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YF959 UT WOS:A1997YF95900008 ER PT J AU Shirmohammadi, A Yoon, KS Rawls, WJ Smith, OH AF Shirmohammadi, A Yoon, KS Rawls, WJ Smith, OH TI Evaluation of curve number procedures to predict runoff in GLEAMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE simulation; GLEAMS; water quality model; hydrology; runoff; SCS curve number method ID GROUNDWATER AB Proper selection of curve number values will improve the capability of the SCS-Curve Number procedure in predicting runoff. Both CREAMS and GLEAMS models use the Smith and Williams (1980) approach of converting CNII (curve number value for average antecedent moisture conditions) into CNI (curve number value for dry antecedent moisture conditions) in calculating the soil retention parameter (S). CREAMS and GLEAMS have been found to under predict runoff because of the internal conversion of CNII to CNI. This study shows modifications of the GLEAMS model using CNII without converting it to CNI and it also shows the seasonal curve number approaches with and without converting CNII to CNI. Results indicate that using CMI without internal conversion to CNI provides better runoff and erosion predictions than the original version of GLEAMS and versions with seasonal curve numbers when tested with four years of field data in the Coastal Plain physiographic region of Maryland. C1 ARS,USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Shirmohammadi, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04125.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA YF959 UT WOS:A1997YF95900012 ER PT J AU Frankie, GW Vinson, SB Rizzardi, MA Griswold, TL O'Keefe, S Snelling, RR AF Frankie, GW Vinson, SB Rizzardi, MA Griswold, TL O'Keefe, S Snelling, RR TI Diversity and abundance of bees visiting a mass flowering tree species in disturbed seasonal dry forest, Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT PREFERENCES; CENTRIS BEES; HYMENOPTERA; ANTHOPHORIDAE; APIDAE; ECOLOGY; SITE AB Loss of habitat is one of the primary reasons for loss of species and for overall reduction in biodiversity, including the recent decline of pollinating insect populations. Comparison of systematic samples of bees attracted to a mass flowering tree, Andira inermis (Fam. Fabaceae), in 1972 and 1996 at Liberia, a site in the seasonal dry forest of Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, indicated a significant reduction of bee pollinators due to habitat loss over the 24 year period. In 1972, about 70 bee species were collected from trees of A. inermis at Liberia. In 1996, only 28 species were collected, and their frequencies were substantially lower. Overall the 1996 sample represented a reduction of 90% in total bees collected. Samples collected during the same season at a second less disturbed site, Monteverde, were both higher in numbers of species (37) and in numbers of bees than the Liberia collections. Loss of habitat due to agricultural development and other human-disturbances such as fire are discussed as the primary reasons for the loss of bee species richness and abundance at the two study sites. Andira inermis trees varied in their relative attractiveness to bees. At one extreme, some trees attracted a wide variety of species in large numbers; at the opposite end were trees attractive to very few individuals. In between were trees attractive to large anthophorid bees such as Centris and Epicharis and to a much lesser extent to honey bees (most or all of which were Africanized); other trees were attractive to primarily honey bees and to a much lesser extent to large bees. Several possible explanations for differential attraction of bee taxa to A. inermis and a brief assessment of the potential impact of Africanized honey bees on native bees in our study areas are offered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, CNR, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Frankie, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, CNR, Div Insect Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 70 IS 4 BP 281 EP 296 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118YN UT WOS:000075868700003 ER PT J AU Praiswater, TW Hibbard, BE Barry, BD Darrah, LL Smith, VA AF Praiswater, TW Hibbard, BE Barry, BD Darrah, LL Smith, VA TI An implement for dislodging maize roots from the soil for corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) damage evaluations SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Evaluation of damage to maize (Zea mays L.) roots caused by corn rootworm (the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, the northern corn rootworm, D. barberi Smith and Lawrence and the southern corn rootworm, D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber) infestations requires that the main root mass be dislodged from the soil, which can be quite labor intensive. A tractor-pulled implement was fabricated that would loosen the necessary components of the maize root system from the soil. The "root digger" implement did not mechanically detach roots required for corn rootworm damage assessment. In a nonscientific assessment of labor requirements, an average of 28.6 roots/hr per person were removed from the field using heavy-duty garden forks compared to an average of 92.4 roots/hr per person using the "root digger" implement. The system will be useful for small-plot studies in which plant destruction is acceptable. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 70 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 118YN UT WOS:000075868700009 ER PT J AU Senter, SD Young, LL Searcy, GK AF Senter, SD Young, LL Searcy, GK TI Colour values of cooked top-round beef juices as affected by endpoint temperatures, frozen storage of cooked samples and storage of expressed juices SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE colour; beef juices; end-point temperature; frozen; refrigerated ID PINK COLOR; PIGMENTS AB Juices from beef semimembranosus/adductor tissue, cooked to endpoint temperatures (EPTs) of 76, 78, 80, 82 and 84 degrees C in a model heat-treating system, were evaluated for changes in CIELAB L*a*b*, chroma (C) and hue angle (H) values before and after storage of the cooked meat at -20 degrees C for 3 weeks and after storage of the expressed juices under N-2 at 3 degrees C for 72 h. Increases in EPTs altered all colour values of the juices. Lightness (L*) increased while yellowness (b*) decreased; redness (a*) and C decreased progressively while H increased toward the vertical axis. Storage of the expressed juices at 3 degrees C under N-2 did not inhibit changes in a*, b*, C and H values. Regression coefficients of changes in relation to EPTs and time of storage of the expressed juices under N-2 were established. Storage of the cooked meats for 3 weeks at -20 degrees C did not change any of the colour values of the juices. These data indicate that evaluations of cooked beef for doneness by colour of expressed juices must be performed immediately after expression of the juices before oxidation of the myoglobin pigments occurs. Storage of cooked meat at -20 degrees C does not alter the colour of the juices, therefore, valid assays for doneness of meat in relation to juice colour can be made after frozen storage. RP Senter, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB265 UT WOS:A1997YB26500007 ER PT J AU Biles, CL Bruton, BD Russo, V Wall, MM AF Biles, CL Bruton, BD Russo, V Wall, MM TI Characterisation of beta-galactosidase isozymes of ripening peppers SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Solanaceae; pepper; beta-galactosidase; xylosidase; beta-glucosidase ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; MEXICAN-TYPE PEPPERS; ETHYLENE EVOLUTION; FRUIT; PURIFICATION; MATURATION AB Activity of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and isozymes of the New Mexican type pepper were assayed in ripening fruit and characterised in order to further understand the possible role this enzyme plays in fruit ripening. Total beta-galactosidase activity increased in New Mexican type peppers (NM chile) as they ripened. To a lesser extent, xylosidase and beta-glucosidase increased from the mature green stage to the turning stage of ripening and then decreased in the red ripe stage. Cation exchange chromatography indicated two prominent beta-galactosidase peaks depending on stage of ripeness. In mature NM green chile, one large anionic, and in NM red chile, one large cationic peak was found. Isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE) separated one isozyme from mature green NM chile (pI 4.6) and an additional beta-galactosidase isozyme as NM chile turned from green to red (pI 8.0). The cationic beta-galactosidase isozyme from red NM chile extract had an apparent native-molecular weight of 51 kDa. The optimum pH for beta-galactosidase activity in both red and green NM chile was between 3 and 4.5. Stable enzyme activity was observed from 25 to 50 degrees C. beta-Galactosidase from red NM chile had a K-m of 0.87 mM and V-max of 12.3 nKat, while the values for green NM chile beta-galactosidase were 2.5 mM and 8.3 nKat. The heavy metal ions Ag2+ and Hg2+ inhibited beta-galactosidase activity by 100% and 90%, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Biles, CL (reprint author), E CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ADA,OK 74820, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA YB265 UT WOS:A1997YB26500015 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC Stevens, MG Cheville, NF Schurig, G AF Olsen, SC Stevens, MG Cheville, NF Schurig, G TI Experimental use of a dot-blot assay to measure serologic responses of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; MUTANT STRAINS; PROTEINS AB Brucella abortus strain RB51 was recently approved as an official brucellosis calfhood vaccine for cattle by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service branch of the United States Department of Agriculture. Currently available serologic surveillance tests for B. abortus do not detect seroconversion following SRB51 vaccination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a dot-blot assay using gamma-irradiated strain RB51 bacteria for its specificity and sensitivity to detect antibody responses of cattle vaccinated with strain RB51. Dot-blot titers of sera at a recommended dosage (10(10) colony-forming units) were similar to those of sera from cattle vaccinated with similar numbers of B. abortus strain 19 and greater (P < 0.05) than titers of nonvaccinated cattle. In the first 12 weeks after vaccination with 10(10) colony-forming units of strain RB51, the RB51 dot-blot assay had 100% specificity for titers of 80 or less and a 53% sensitivity for titers of 160 or greater. Sensitivity of the RB51 dot-blot assay peaked at 4 weeks after vaccination with 10(10) colony-forming units of strain RB51. Dot-blot responses of sera from cattle vaccinated with a reduced dosage of strain RB51 (10(9) colony-forming units) did not differ (P > 0.05) from titers of sera from nonvaccinated cattle. Following intraconjunctival challenge with B. abortus strain 2308, titers on the RB51. dot-blot assay did not differ (P > 0.05) between nonvaccinated cattle and cattle vaccinated at calfhood with strain 19 or strain RB51. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600004 PM 9376424 ER PT J AU Rhyan, JC Holland, SD Gidlewski, T Saari, DA Jensen, AE Ewalt, DR Hennager, SG Olsen, SC Cheville, NF AF Rhyan, JC Holland, SD Gidlewski, T Saari, DA Jensen, AE Ewalt, DR Hennager, SG Olsen, SC Cheville, NF TI Seminal vesiculitis and orchitis caused by Brucella abortus biovar 1 in young bison bulls from South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB Specimens of blood, lymph nodes, spleens, and genitalia were collected at slaughter from seven 3- and 4-year-old male bison that had recently become seropositive for brucellosis. The animals were from a captive herd of approximately 3,500 bison located in central South Dakota. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from 2 or more specimens from each of 5 bison. Severe necrotizing and pyogranulomatous orchitis was present in 1 testicle from 1 bull, and 4 animals had mild to marked seminal vesiculitis. Immunohistochemical staining labeled organisms in seminal vesicles and the testicle with orchitis. Ultrastructurally, intact bacilli were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles of some macrophages; other macrophages contained intracytoplasmic aggregates of calcified coccobacilli. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Pathobiol Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. S Dakota Anim Ind Board, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Pathobiol Lab, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600005 PM 9376425 ER PT J AU Whipple, DL Clarke, PR Jarnagin, JL Payeur, JB AF Whipple, DL Clarke, PR Jarnagin, JL Payeur, JB TI Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from captive and free-ranging animals SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX STRAINS; GENETIC-MARKERS; REPETITIVE DNA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; INSERTION ELEMENTS; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCE; TOOL AB Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. DNA extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases AluI and PVuII. DNA probes used for Southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base-pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence IS6110 and a plasmid, pTBN12, which contains a polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence present in several species of mycobacteria. Generally, M. bovis isolates originating from a single herd of either cattle or captive elk had identical RFLP patterns, whereas isolates from unrelated sources had distinct patterns. The RFLP patterns for M. bovis isolates from free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were identical to patterns observed for isolates from a captive elk herd that was located in the area where the free-ranging animals were found. These results indicate that the captive elk herd may have been the source of M. bovis that infected the free-ranging animals. Results of this study show that RFLP analysis is a useful tool for differentiation of M. bovis isolates and for molecular epidemiology studies to determine possible sources of infection in outbreaks of tuberculosis in animals. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. APHIS, USDA, IV, Natl Vet Serv Labs,Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Ames, IA USA. APHIS, USDA, VS, Billings, MT USA. RP Whipple, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600007 PM 9376427 ER PT J AU Ewalt, DR Payeur, JB Rhyan, JC Geer, PL AF Ewalt, DR Payeur, JB Rhyan, JC Geer, PL TI Brucella suis biovar 1 in naturally infected cattle: a bacteriological, serological, and histological study SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ewalt, DR (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600014 PM 9376434 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Whetstone, CA AF Suarez, DL Whetstone, CA TI Comparison of different PCR tests to detect bovine lentivirus in cell culture and experimentally and naturally infected cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CALVES; SHEEP; GENE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600015 PM 9376435 ER PT J AU Ward, G Rieder, E Mason, PW AF Ward, G Rieder, E Mason, PW TI Plasmid DNA encoding replicating foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes induces antiviral immune responses in swine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-DELTA-VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; SEQUENCE; CATTLE; RNA; VACCINES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR AB DNA vaccine candidates for foot and-mouth disease (FMD) were engineered to produce FMD virus (FMDV particles that were noninfectious in cell culture or animals, The prototype plasmid, pWRM, contains a cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter-driven genome-length type All cDNA followed by the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation site, BHK cells transfected with this plasmid produced virus, but the specific infectivity of pWRM was much lon-er than that achieved with in vitro-generated RNA genomes, To improve the infectivity of the plasmid, a cDNA encoding the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme was added to the 3' end of the FMDV cDNA. The resulting plasmid. pWRMH, exhibited slightly increased infectivity in in cell culture and produced virus when inoculated into suckling mice. A third plasmid, pWRMHX, was created by removal of the sequences encoding the cell binding site found in capsid protein VP1 of pWRMH. Although cells transfected with pWRMHX produced viral capsids. this plasmid was not lethal in suckling mice, indicating that particles lacking the cell binding site were not able to initiate secondary infectious cycles. Swine inoculated with pWRMHX did not show any signs of disease and produced neutralizing antibodies to FMDV and 20% of the vaccinated animals Here protected from challenge. A derivative of pWRMHX, pWRMHX-pol(-), harboring a mutation designed to inactivate the viral polymerase was much less immunogenic, indicating that immunogenicity of pWRMHX resulted, in part, from amplification of the viral genome in the animal. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 42 TC 70 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 7442 EP 7447 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA XW142 UT WOS:A1997XW14200037 PM 9311823 ER PT J AU Newman, JFE Brown, F AF Newman, JFE Brown, F TI Foot-and-mouth disease virus and poliovirus particles contain proteins of the replication complex SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA-SYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION; CLEAVAGE AB Nonstructural proteins 2C, 3CD, 3C, and 3D, and the cellular protein actin, are present in highly purified preparations of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and poliovirus. They remain bound in variable amounts to the RNAs when the RNAs are extracted from the viruses,vith phenol or phenol-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and, for FMDV, when the RNA is released from the particles by a lowering of the pH below 7. RNA prepared by these methods is rapidly degraded at 37 degrees C, particularly in the presence of NH4+ ions, but hydrolysis can be prevented by antibody against Escherichia coli-expressed 3D, indicating that it is the RNA polymerase that has nuclease activity, In contrast, virion RNA from which the nonstructural proteins and actin have been removed by extraction with guanidine thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform or proteinase Ii-phenol is stable at 37 degrees C, although its specific infectivity is lower than that of the RNA extracted with phenol or phenol-SDS. The possible implications of the close association of replication complex proteins with the RNA in virus particles are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 7657 EP 7662 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA XW142 UT WOS:A1997XW14200062 PM 9311848 ER PT J AU Pearson, GL Cassidy, DR AF Pearson, GL Cassidy, DR TI Perspectives on the diagnosis, epizootiology, and control of the 1973 duck plague epizootic in wild waterfowl at Lake Andes, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE control; diagnosis; disease; duck plague; duck virus enteritis; epizootiology; wild waterfowl ID VIRUS ENTERITIS AB An epizootic of duck plague occurred in early 1973 in a population of 163,500 wild waterfowl, primarily mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), wintering on Lake Andes and the nearby Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota (USA). The diagnosis was based on pathologic lesions and confirmed by virus isolation. Control measures included quarantine, attempts to reduce virus contamination of the area, dispersal of waterfowl, and monitoring of wild waterfowl populations for mortality. The epizootic resulted in documented mortality of 18% and estimated mortality of 26% of the waterfowl at risk. Prompt implementation of control measures might have limited mortality to approximately 8%. Losses during the epizootic were equivalent to 0.12% of the annual mortality in the North American 1996 fall population of 80,000,000 wild ducks. The most likely sources of the infection were free-flying wild mallard or American black duck (Anas rubripes) carriers from the upper midwestern or northeastern United States. Duck plague serum neutralization antibodies were demonstrated in 31% of 395 apparently healthy mallards sampled prior to dispersal of the flock at Lake Andes, suggesting that tens of thousands of potential duck plague carriers entered the wild waterfowl populations of all four major flyways. Consequently, the absence of major epizootics of duck plague in wild waterfowl in the subsequent two decades is evidence that substantial numbers of duck plague carriers can occur in wild waterfowl populations without resulting in epizootic mortalities. The failure to isolate duck plague virus from apparently healthy mallards sampled during the epizootic raises questions concerning the validity of conclusions regarding the status of duck plague in wild waterfowl based upon negative results of random surveys conducted in the absence of epizootics. C1 USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, VET SERV, VET SERV DIAGNOST LAB, AMES, IA 50010 USA. US DEPT INTERIOR, FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, BUR SPORT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR, JAMESTOWN, ND 58401 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 681 EP 705 PG 25 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YD641 UT WOS:A1997YD64100001 PM 9391953 ER PT J AU Schmitt, SM Fitzgerald, SD Cooley, TM BruningFann, CS Sullivan, L Berry, D Carlson, T Minnis, RB Payeur, JB Sikarskie, J AF Schmitt, SM Fitzgerald, SD Cooley, TM BruningFann, CS Sullivan, L Berry, D Carlson, T Minnis, RB Payeur, JB Sikarskie, J TI Bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging white-tailed deer from Michigan SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; epidemic; Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; pathology; white-tailed deer ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; PATHOGENESIS AB A 4.5 yr-old male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by a hunter during the 1994 firearm hunting season in northeastern Michigan (USA) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis and was positive on culture for Mycobacterium bovis the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. Subsequently, a survey of 354 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer for tuberculosis was conducted in this area from 15 November 1995 through 5 January 1996. Heads and/or lungs from deer were examined grossly and microscopically for lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. Gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in 15 deer. Tissues from 16 deer had acid-fast bacilli on histological examination and in 12 cases mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes and/or lungs were identified as M. bovis. In addition, lymph nodes from 12 deer (II females and I male) without gross or microscopic lesions were pooled into 1 sample from which M. bovis was cultured. Although more male (9) than female (3) deer had bovine tuberculosis infections, this difference was not statistically significant. Mycobacterium bovis culture positive deer ranged in age from 1.5 to 5.5 yr with a mean of 2.7 yr (median 2.5 yr) for males and 3.2 yr (median 3.5 yr) for females. This appears to be the first epidemic occurrence of M. bovis in free-ranging cervids in North America. A combination of environmental (high deer density and poor quality habit) and management-related factors (extensive supplemental feeding) may be responsible for this epizootic. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HOLT,MI 48842. MICHIGAN DEPT AGR,ANIM IND DIV,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,STATE COMMUNITY HLTH LAB,LANSING,MI 48909. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,ATLANTA,MI 49709. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP Schmitt, SM (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ROSE LAKE WILDLIFE RES STN,WILDLIFE DIS LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 35 TC 221 Z9 221 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 749 EP 758 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YD641 UT WOS:A1997YD64100006 PM 9391958 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Mech, LD AF Haight, RG Mech, LD TI Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; Lake Superior region; management; modeling; population control; population simulation; productivity; pups; reproduction; sterilization; vasectomy; wolf ID MINNESOTA; WOLVES; POPULATIONS AB Recovering gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in the Lake Superior region of the United States are prompting state management agencies to consider strategies to control population growth. In addition to wolf removal, vasectomy has been proposed. To predict the population effects of different sterilization and removal strategies, we developed a simulation model of wolf dynamics using simple rules for demography and dispersal. Simulations suggested that the effects of vasectomy and removal in a disjunct population depend largely on the degree of annual immigration. With low immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production and resulted in lower rates of territory recolonization. Consequently, average pack size, number of packs, and population size were significantly less than those for an untreated population. Periodically removing a proportion of the population produced roughly the same trends as did sterilization; however, more than twice as many wolves had to be removed than sterilized. With high immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production bid not territory recolonization and produced only moderate reductions in population size relative to an untreated population. Similar reductions in population size were obtained by periodically removing large numbers of wolves. Our analysis does not address the possible effects of vasectomy on larger wolf populations, but it suggests that the subject should be considered through modeling or field testing. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.2307/3802099 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200004 ER PT J AU Niemi, GJ Hanowski, JM Lima, AR Nicholls, T Weiland, N AF Niemi, GJ Hanowski, JM Lima, AR Nicholls, T Weiland, N TI A critical analysis on the use of indicator species in management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; classification; forests; habitat; habitat selection; indicator species; management; monitoring; national forests; nongame; sensitive species; Wisconsin ID BIRDS AB We examined the habitat distributions of management indicator and sensitive species (MIS), as defined by the U.S. Forest Service within the Chequamegon National Forest (CNF) of northern Wisconsin and whether other bird species were positively associated with these MIS. We addressed these associations with 2 relatively large databases, annual breeding bird counts of 92 line transect segments gathered from 1986 to 1992 and counts of 122 "Forest Stands" gathered in 1992-1993. Of 25 MIS identified by the CNF, only 7 species were abundant enough for analyses. The other species were either too rare within the CNF or the censusing methods were not compatible with their life history. Only 2 of the MIS had nonrandom distributions associated with specific habitat types and warranted consideration as indicators. The yellow-bellied flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) was found primarily in lowland coniferous habitats, while the pine warbler (Dendroica pinus) was found primarily in upland coniferous habitats, especially pine. Although many positive species associations were found for most of the MIS, many inconsistencies among the 2 datasets also were identified. Most species responded to habitat attributes that satisfy their needs for survival and these autecological responses likely led to inconsistent patterns of species associations for most of the MIS. The lack of consistent patterns among most MIS casts doubt on the ability to use a few species as indicators for the well-being of many other species, especially for those that are uncommon and difficult to monitor. Developing more comprehensive techniques that improve habitat classifications and combine monitoring of trends in habitat and birds within those habitats likely will prove more fruitful than focusing on a few "representative" species. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, Chequamegon Natl Forest, USDA, Pk Falls, WI 54552 USA. RP Niemi, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 34 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1240 EP 1252 DI 10.2307/3802123 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200028 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC Hooper, RG AF Loeb, SC Hooper, RG TI An experimental test of interspecific competition for red-cockaded woodpecker cavities SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cavity use; eastern bluebirds; Glaucomys volans; interspecific competition; nest boxes; Picoides borealis; red-cockaded woodpeckers; Sialia sialis; South Carolina; southern flying squirrels ID SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; NEST BOX USE; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; EUROPEAN STARLINGS; PICOIDES-BOREALIS; SELECTION; SITES; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; CAROLINA AB To test whether the presence of nest hoses near red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW, Picoides borealis) cavity trees reduced cavity use by other species and improved RCW reproductive success on the Francis Marion National Forest in coastal South Carolina, we placed 3 nest boxes in each of 62 experimental clusters and designated 61 clusters as controls. Our observations of nest box and cavity use showed that nest boxes were somewhat effective in reducing cavity use and that eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) were the most frequent users of nest boxes and cavities. Bluebirds preferred nest boxes to cavities in both years and flying squirrels showed significant preference for nest boxes in 1992. Pretreatment monitoring (1990) of RCW reproductive performance showed no significant differences between control and experimental groups. However, posttreatment monitoring show ed that in 1991 RCW's in experimental clusters were significantly more likely to nest than RCW's in control clusters: in 1991 and 1992, they were more likely to fledge greater than or equal to 1 young. Further, RCW's were less likely to initiate a nest if greater than or equal to 1 cavity was occupied by a non-RCW species than if no cavities in the cluster were occupied by a non-RCW species. These results indicate that RCW cavities were subject to interspecific competition and that nest boxes may be an effective means of reducing competition, particularly when the number of cavities is limited. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, So Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1280 DI 10.2307/3802126 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200031 ER PT J AU Clark, L AF Clark, L TI Dermal contact repellents for starlings: Foot exposure to natural plant products SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; avian repellent; bird control; contact repellent; dermal irritant; perch; pest control; repellent; roast; starling; Sturnus vulgaris; toxicology ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; METHIOCARB AB Identification and formulation of contact repellents are needed to prevent nuisance birds from roosting on architectural structures. In this study I showed the feet of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to be viable routes of exposure for contact dermal irritants, and that starlings will avoid perches treated with such irritants. In one experiment, starlings became agitated and hyperactive after their feet were immersed in 5% oil extracts of the spices cumin, rosemary and thyme, demonstrating that dermal exposure to chemicals could alter behavior. In a second experiment. I painted perches with pure compounds of plant origin (1% wt/wt). Starlings avoided perches treated with either R-limonene, S-limonene, and beta-pinene. The carbamate pesticide, methiocarb, was also a good dermal repellent. None of the extracts or compounds indicated that exposure resulted in illness for the dosages given and the delivery system tested. These results suggest that development of a nonlethal contact repellent for nuisance bird control may be feasible. C1 Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Clark, L (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Heath Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1352 EP 1358 DI 10.2307/3802137 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200042 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Humphrey, JS Decker, DG AF Avery, ML Humphrey, JS Decker, DG TI Feeding deterrence of anthraquinone, anthracene, and anthrone to rice-eating birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; anthraquinone; anthrone; bird repellent; boat-tailed grackle; crop protection; feeding deterrent; Quiscalus major; red-winged blackbird; rice; seed treatment ID METHYL ANTHRANILATE; REPELLENCY; DAMAGE AB Safe, effective bird repellents are needed as seed treatments and for many other agricultural uses. Quinones are distributed widely in nature and many have predator defense and antiherbivory functions. One compound, 9,10-anthraquinone, was identified as a bird repellent in the 1940s, but is not registered for use in the United States. We evaluated it and 2 structurally related compounds, anthrone and anthracene, for repellency to rice-eating birds. In choice tests with individually caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) anthraquinone and anthrone produced comparable reductions in consumption of treated rice at rates of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25% (g/g). At 0.50%, however, only anthraquinone suppressed consumption of untreated rice as well as treated rice. Anthracene was least effective of the 3 compounds and was tested only at 0.50%. In 1-cup tests, consumption of anthraquinone-treated rice by individual blackbirds was suppressed at 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50%. Rice consumption by individually caged female boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major) exposed to the 0.50% treatment was similar to that of redwings at the 0.10% treatment. In choice tests of 3-bird groups in large flight enclosures, red-winged blackbirds discriminated strongly against 0.25% anthraqunione-treated rice. Observations of videotaped birds revealed no evidence of contact irritation or unpleasant taste; rather post-ingestive illness, as evidenced by one vomiting bird, suggests that anthraquinone repellency is due to learned behavior. C1 APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1365 DI 10.2307/3802138 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200043 ER PT J AU Danielson, WR DeGraaf, RM Fuller, TK AF Danielson, WR DeGraaf, RM Fuller, TK TI Rural and suburban forest edges: effect on egg predators and nest predation rates SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE forest; forest-edge; nest-predation ID ARTIFICIAL NESTS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; CROW PREDATION; CAMERA SYSTEM; DUCK NESTS; NEW-JERSEY; BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; DENSITY; SUCCESS AB Although the observed declines of many species of Neotropical migratory birds have been linked to losses in the wintering grounds, it is important to examine sources of mortality from all portions of the annual cycle to fully understand migratory bird declines. Forest fragmentation and the creation of new forest edges have been implicated as factors contributing to increased nest predation rates on the breeding grounds. We selected four forests with edges in suburban settings, and four forests with edges in rural settings, to determine If nest predation rates differed with human density. From 1993 to 1994 we used two types of automatic photographic systems and artificial nests baited with quail eggs to measure predation rates on ground-and shrub nests at points 20-420 m from the forest edges. Rural-edged forests experienced significantly higher nest predation rates than did suburban-edged forests. Only three species, blue jay, raccoon, and black bear, were responsible for virtually all of the predation events. While blue jays appeared to be unaffected by forest edge type, there were more bear predations in rural-edged forests and more raccoon predations in suburban-edged forests. There were no significant differences in predation rate between nest types or in species-specific rates of predation on the two nest types. We suggest that future studies of nest predation include the identification of predators to give scientists greater insight into the predation process. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT FORESTRY & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,GRAD PROGRAM ORGANISM & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 89 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00016-9 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA YK297 UT WOS:A1997YK29700003 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Dale, ME Scott, CT Prasad, A AF Iverson, LR Dale, ME Scott, CT Prasad, A TI A GIS-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (USA) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; site index; topography; Ohio; oak-hickory forests; integrated moisture index; GIS; spatial distribution; forest composition; DEM; resolution; scale ID GRADIENT; DYNAMICS; LANDFORM; ECOLOGY; TUNDRA AB A geographic information system (GIS) approach was used in conjunction with forest-plot data to develop an integrated moisture index (IMI), which was then used to predict forest productivity (site index) and species composition for forests in Ohio. In this region, typical of eastern hardwoods across the Midwest and southern Appalachians, topographic aspect and position (rather than elevation) change drastically at the fine scale and strongly influence many ecological functions. Elevational contours, soil series mapping units, and plot locations were digitized for the Vinton Furnace Experimental Forest in southeastern Ohio and gridded to 7.5-m cells for GIS modeling. Several landscape features (a slope-aspect shading index, cumulative flow of water downslope, curvature of the landscape, and water-holding capacity of the soil) were used to create the IMI, which was then statistically analyzed with site-index values and composition data for plots. On the basis of IMI values for forest land harvested in the past 30 years, we estimated oak site index and the percentage composition of two major species groups in the region: oak (Quercus spp.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) plus black cherry (Prunus serotina). The derived statistical relationships were then applied in the GIS to create maps of site index and composition, and verified with independent data. The maps show the oaks will dominate on dry, ridge top positions (i.e., low site index), while the yellow poplar and black cherry will predominate on mesic sites. Digital elevation models with coarser resolution (1:24K, 1:100K, 1:250K) also were tested in the same manner. We had generally good success for 1:24K, moderate success for 1:100K, but no success for 1:250K data. This simple and portable approach has the advantage of using readily available GIS information which is time-invariant and requires no fieldwork. The IMI can be used to better manage forest resources where moisture is limiting and to predict how the resource will change under various forms of ecosystem management. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 63 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 7 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 5 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1023/A:1007989813501 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 150UN UT WOS:000077684100007 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Sonstegard, TS AF Smith, TPL LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Sonstegard, TS TI Myostatin maps to the interval containing the bovine mh locus SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE; CATTLE; ASSIGNMENT; 2Q14 AB Myostatin (GDF-8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and plays a role in muscle growth and development. Mice having targeted disruption of this gene display marked increases in muscle mass, a phenotype similar to the muscular hypertrophy (mh) in several cattle breeds. Physical mapping data developed from YAC clones indicate the bovine myostatin gene lies close to the centromere of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 2 (BTA2) at 2q11, indistinguishable from the cytogenetic location of the mh locus. In addition, a polymorphism in the second intron of the gene was used to show that myostatin maps within the interval previously shown to contain mh. These data suggest myostatin may be the gene causing muscular hypertrophy in cattle. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,NO PLAINS AREA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 742 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s003359900557 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XY081 UT WOS:A1997XY08100007 PM 9321467 ER PT J AU Sonstegard, TS LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Smith, TPL AF Sonstegard, TS LopezCorrales, NL Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Smith, TPL TI Comparative mapping of human Chromosome 2 identifies segments of conserved synteny near the bovine mh locus SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; OVINE NRAMP GENE; CATTLE; GENOME; SHEEP; CLONING AB The ''double-muscling'' (mh) locus has been localized to an interval between the centromere and the microsatellite marker TGLA44 on bovine Chromosome (Chr) 2 (BTA2). We identified segments of conserved synteny that correspond to this region of BTA2 by assigning large genomic clones containing bovine homologs of seven genes from the long arm of human Chr 2 (HSA2q). Polymorphic markers developed from these clones integrated the physical and linkage maps of BTA2 from 2q12 to 2q44 and extended genetic coverage towards the centromere. This comparative analysis suggests the mh locus resides on HSA2q near both the protein C and collagen type III alpha-1 genes. Overall, our data reveal a complex rearrangement of gene order between BTA2q12-44 and HSA2q14-37 that underscores the need to establish boundaries of conserved synteny when applying comparative mapping information to identify genes or traits of interest. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 751 EP 755 DI 10.1007/s003359900559 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XY081 UT WOS:A1997XY08100009 PM 9321469 ER PT J AU McAlpine, DF Murison, LD Hoberg, EP AF McAlpine, DF Murison, LD Hoberg, EP TI New records for the pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps (Physeteridae) from Atlantic Canada with notes on diet and parasites SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 GRAND MANAN WHALE & SEABIRD RES STN,N HEAD,NB E0G 2M0,CANADA. USDA,BIOSYTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP McAlpine, DF (reprint author), NEW BRUNSWICK MUSEUM,DEPT NAT SCI,277 DOUGLAS AVE,ST JOHNS,NB E2K 1E5,CANADA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00093.x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA YA660 UT WOS:A1997YA66000011 ER PT J AU Geistlinger, J Weising, K Kaiser, WJ Kahl, G AF Geistlinger, J Weising, K Kaiser, WJ Kahl, G TI Allelic variation at a hypervariable compound microsatellite locus in the ascomycete Ascochyta rabiei SO MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE locus-specific microsatellite analysis; microsatellite-primed PCR; RFLP analysis; mutagenesis; phytopathogenic fungi ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS; TANDEM DNA REPEATS; SINGLE PRIMERS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; GENETIC-MARKERS; FUNGI; PCR; POLYMORPHISMS AB The genome of the fungal chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei was screened for polymorphisms by microsatellite-primed PCR. While ethidium-bromide staining of electrophoretically separated amplification products showed only limited polymorphism among 24 Tunisian A, rabiei isolates, Southern hybridization of purified PCR fragments to restriction digests of fungal DNA revealed polymorphic DNA fingerprints. One particular probe that gave rise to a hypervariable single-locus hybridization signal was cloned from the Syrian isolate AA6 and sequenced. It contained a large compound microsatellite harbouring the penta-and decameric repeat units (CATTT)(n), (CATTA)(n), (CATATCATTT)(n) and (TATTT)(n),. We call this locus ArMS1 (Ascochyta rabiei microsatellite 1). Unique flanking sequences were used to design primer pairs for locus-specific microsatellite amplification and direct sequencing of additional ArMS1 alleles from Tunisian and Pakistani isolates. A high level of sequence variation was observed, suggesting that multiple mutational mechanisms have contributed to polymorphism. Hybridization and PCR analyses were performed on the parents and 62 monoascosporic F-1 progeny derived from a cross between two different mating types of the fungus. Progeny alleles could be traced back to the parents, with one notable exception, where a longer than expected fragment was observed. Direct sequencing of this new length allele revealed an alteration in the copy number of the TATTT repeat [(TATTT)(53) to (TATTT)(65)], while the remainder of the sequence was unchanged. C1 UNIV FRANKFURT, DEPT BIOL, D-60439 FRANKFURT, GERMANY. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, AGR RES SERV, USDA, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 256 IS 3 BP 298 EP 305 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YF834 UT WOS:A1997YF83400011 PM 9393455 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Shang, F Obin, M AF Taylor, A Shang, F Obin, M TI Relationships between stress, protein damage, nutrition, and age-related eye diseases SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; ROD CGMP-PHOSPHODIESTERASE; ALPHA-A-CRYSTALLIN; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA CONVERTING-ENZYME; RECESSIVE RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; MICROSOMAL LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE; RESTRICTION DELAYS CATARACT; GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACTS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM taylor_cl@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 523 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-2997 EI 1872-9452 J9 MOL ASPECTS MED JI Mol. Asp. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 5 BP 307 EP + DI 10.1016/S0098-2997(95)00049-6 PG 106 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZF408 UT WOS:000072894500001 ER PT J AU Dietrich, CH Whitcomb, RF Black, WC AF Dietrich, CH Whitcomb, RF Black, WC TI Phylogeny of the grassland leafhopper genus Flexamia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DALBULUS HOMOPTERA; 16S; CLASSIFICATION; SUBSTITUTIONS; TREES; RATES AB Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) are a highly diverse group of sap-sucking insects, many species of which specialize on grasses. Past attempts to examine the roles of host transfer or host plant coevolution in the diversification of leafhopper species using cladistic methods have been hindered by a paucity of discrete, phylogenetically informative morphological characters. To demonstrate the utility of DNA sequence data for species-level phylogenetic studies of Cicadellidae, we estimated phylogenetic relationships among species in the North American grassland leafhopper genus Flexamia DeLong using partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and NADH dehydrogenase 1, totaling 1496 base pairs and 810 potentially informative characters. Analyses of the partitioned and combined sequence data using maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum likelihood criteria yielded similar estimates of relationships in which most nodes were well-supported by bootstrap and decay indices. These estimates largely agreed with a previously published, intuitive, morphology-based phylogeny for the genus. A parsimony reconstruction of host associations based on these results suggests that the origins of various flexamia clades coincided with host transfers among grass subfamilies or genera, Nevertheless, associations with certain subfamilies, genera, or species of grasses appear to have been largely conserved in the evolutionary diversification of flexamia. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1006/mpev.1997.0415 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XW554 UT WOS:A1997XW55400003 PM 9299220 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Powell, AM AF Rexroad, CE Powell, AM TI Culture of blastomeres from in vitro-matured, fertilized, and cultured bovine embryos SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE differentiation; blastomeres; growth factors; IVMFC ID IN-VITRO; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; IMPROVED YIELDS; GROWTH-FACTOR; STEM-CELLS; BLASTOCYSTS; INVITRO; EXPRESSION; OOCYTES; CALVES AB A culture system was devised to study the differentiation of bovine blastomeres. Blastomeres (2-13 per well) from embryos produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture of oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries were cultured for 10 days in 24-well culture plates on feeder layers in blastomere culture medium (BCM: equal parts tissue culture medium 199 and low-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum). Ovine embryonic fibroblasts and STO cells were superior to bovine and mouse embryonic fibroblasts as mitotically inactivated feeder cells. Over five studies in which four blastomeres from an embryo were added to each culture well, an average of one colony per well formed from the blastomeres. The colonies continued to grow throughout the culture period, and most colonies resembled trophectoderm in their cellular characteristics, although some cultures contained a mixture of trophectoderm and endoderm. When the number of blastomeres cultured in each well was varied from 2-8, the number of colonies formed was proportional to the number of blastomeres added. Blastomeres from day 5 and day 6 embryos produced fewer colonies than did those from day 4 embryos, perhaps as a result of differentiation and tighter blastomere adhesion resulting in damage during their separation. The absence of serum did not alter the number of colonies formed. A number of growth factors, including LIF, OM, PDGF alpha, and FGF4, had no effect on the number of colonies, the size of colonies, or their alkaline phosphatase staining score beyond that provided by the feeder layer or serum when present. Blastomeres did not form colonies in the absence of feeder layers. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA XV578 UT WOS:A1997XV57800011 PM 9291473 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG TI Benfluorex, a hypotriglyceridemic drug, reduces lipid peroxidation and alleviates adverse metabolic complications of copper deficiency SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE benfluorex; hypertriglyceridemia; lipid peroxidation; copper; iron; pancreas ID FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; RATS FED FRUCTOSE; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; IRON; CELLS; SEVERITY; TISSUES; LIVER AB The pathologies associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose may be induced, in part, by hypertriglyceridemia and lipid peroxidation. Reducing triacylglycerol levels in plasma may result in lowering lipid peroxidation, which in turn could ameliorate metabolic effects resulting from the combination of fructose feeding and copper deficiency. Benfluorex, a hypolipidemic factor able to reduce hypertriglyceridemia, was administered to weanling male rats fed either copper-deficient (0.6 mu g Cu/g) or adequate (6.0 mu g Cu/g) diets containing fructose as the sole dietary carbohydrate. In copper-deficient rats, benfluorex (50 mu g.kg(-1).d(-1)) reduced plasma triacylglycerols from 45 to 31 mg/dL, reduced lipid peroxidation by approximately 50%, and prevented the enlargements of heart and liver size and the atrophy of the pancreas, and ameliorated anemia. It is suggested that lipid peroxidation associated with hypertriglyceridemia may be responsible for the pathologies induced by the combination of fructose consumption and copper deficiency. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP Fields, M (reprint author), ARS,USDA,BHNRC,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,ROOM 323,BLDG 307,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 10 BP 895 EP 899 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00266-9 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD181 UT WOS:A1997YD18100007 PM 9357027 ER PT J AU Smith, D PedroBotet, J CantutiCastelvetri, I Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM AF Smith, D PedroBotet, J CantutiCastelvetri, I Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM TI Influence of age, diet and laboratory caging on lipid profile among F1B hamsters SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; cholesterol; dietary fat; hamsters; lipids; triglyceride ID LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR ACTIVITY; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; MESOCRICETUS-AURATUS; STRESSOR EXPOSURES; RATS; CORTICOSTERONE; TRIGLYCERIDES; HORMONE AB We have evaluated the effects of age, diet and laboratory caging conditions on plasma cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in male F1B hamsters. Young and old hamsters were either individually housed (1/C) or housed four per cage (4/C). TC and TG were measured following a 2-wk period of acclimatation on chow (LF) diet and after 4-wk on an atherogenic (HF) diet. No differences were observed in baseline TC and TG levels between 4/C (134+/-24 and 221+/-57 mg/dl) and 1/C young animals (124+/-27 and 191+/-40 mg/dl). Following 4-wk on the HF diet, 4/C young animals had a significantly higher TC (240+/-58 mg/dl) as compared to 1/C animals (162+/-30 mg/dl). Compared to baseline, TG had significant and similar increases in both 4/C and 1/C young hamsters (486+/-200 and 330+/-100 mg/dl). Baseline TC and TG levels in old animals were comparable for 4/C (142+/-52 and 172+/-44 mg/dl) and 1/C (148+/-26 and 139+/-16 mg/dl). After 4-wk on the HF diet, TC levels in 4/C (178+/-47 mg/dl) and 1/C (129+/-31 mg/dl) old hamsters were not different from baseline levels. TG were significantly affected by the HF diet, with 4/C (303+/-212 mg/dl) and 1/C (231+/-67 mg/dl) animals showing similar increases compared with their baseline levels (172+/-44 and 139+/-16 mg/dl). In conclusion, caging conditions affect atherogenic diet-induced plasma lipid concentrations in FIB hamsters of different ages, and thus need be considered in experimental designs of animal-housed lipid research. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NEUROSCI LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,MEDFORD,MA 02155. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1569 EP 1575 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00152-8 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XX518 UT WOS:A1997XX51800007 ER PT J AU Palmer, HJ Paulson, KE AF Palmer, HJ Paulson, KE TI Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in signal transduction and gene expression SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; REDOX REGULATION; DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by cellular metabolic reactions, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. interestingly clinical and epidemiologic studies have, in some cases, indicated that antioxidant nutrients may be effective in disease prevention. However, the efficacy of specific antioxidants in disease prevention is often both controversial and inconclusive. In an effort to elucidate the role of ROS and antioxidants in disease development and prevention, the chemistries of ROS and antioxidants have been examined extensively. Recently, molecular and cellular approaches have demonstrated that ROS and antioxidants can directly affect the cellular signaling apparatus and, consequently, the control of gene expression. This new research provides the link between ROS and antioxidant chemistries and the mechanisms of disease processes and prevention. This review illustrates how ROS function as potential intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules and how antioxidants can affect this process. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 97 TC 193 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 55 IS 10 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD016 UT WOS:A1997YD01600001 PM 9354079 ER PT J AU Handelman, GJ AF Handelman, GJ TI High-dose vitamin supplements for cigarette smokers: Caution is indicated SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BETA-CAROTENE; LUNG-CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; PLASMA; SMOKING; REQUIREMENTS; LIPOPROTEINS AB Results from human intervention studies indicate that smokers should avoid using high-dose dietary beta-carotene supplements. In addition, problems may exist for smokers with high-dose vitamin E supplements. RP Handelman, GJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 55 IS 10 BP 369 EP 370 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD016 UT WOS:A1997YD01600003 PM 9354081 ER PT J AU Mertz, W AF Mertz, W TI Confirmation: Chromium levels in serum, hair, and sweat decline with age SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB A study of tissue chromium concentrations measured in 40,872 subjects in the United Kingdom with modern, validated analytical techniques confirms previous reports of the continuous decline in chromium concentrations with age. RP Mertz, W (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 55 IS 10 BP 373 EP 375 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD016 UT WOS:A1997YD01600005 PM 9354083 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Davidson, JA AF Miller, DR Davidson, JA TI Obituary: Richard F. Wilkey (1925-1995) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 73 IS 4 BP 201 EP 203 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YB627 UT WOS:A1997YB62700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Perryman, LE Goff, WL AF Johnson, WC Perryman, LE Goff, WL TI Babesia bovis: identification of immunodominant merozoite surface proteins in soluble culture-derived exoantigen SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; CELL EPITOPES; CATTLE; ANTIGENS; VACCINE; ERYTHROCYTES; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES AB Babesia bovis merozoite proteins presenting as exoantigens in in vitro culture supernatants have been characterized. Bovine antisera to B. bovis exoantigens were used to immunoprecipitate [S-35]-methionine metabolically labeled or lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodinated B. bovis merozoite proteins. A total of 24 metabolically labeled proteins ranging in molecular weight from 24,000 to 225,000 Da and 9 radioiodinated proteins with molecular weights varying between 24,000 and 225,000 Da were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Monoclonal antibodies to B. bovis merozoite surface proteins were also used to immunoprecipitate metabolically labeled exoantigens directly from in vitro culture supernatants. These results demonstrate epitopes from at least nine merozoite surface proteins present in the exoantigen fraction, among which are the recently characterized major surface antigens 1 and 2, rhoptry-associated protein 1, and spherical body protein 2. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07025] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 83 IS 8 BP 776 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s004360050338 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XY131 UT WOS:A1997XY13100006 PM 9342742 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Nicolson, M AF Ellis, KJ Nicolson, M TI Leptin levels and body fatness in children: Effects of gender, ethnicity, and sexual development SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; PRODUCT LEPTIN; OB GENE; OBESITY; HUMANS; SERUM; FAT AB Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, is elevated in blood of obese adults, It is unknown whether the concentration is affected by gender, ethnicity, age, or stage of sexual maturation in children. We measured serum leptin levels in 183 children and 27 young adults using a double-antibody ELISA assay, Body fat mass (FM) and percent body fatness (%Fat) were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, Correlations for serum leptin with FM, %Fat, and a body mass index were examined. Analyses of covariance were used to determine the effects of Fender ethnicity, and sexual maturation (Tanner stage). We found strong positive correlations (r=0.56-0.88,p<0.001) for serum leptin with body mass Index, %Fat, and FM, which were gender-dependent (p<0,001), but unaffected by ethnicity, Al each Tanner stage, female subjects had higher serum leptin than male subjects (p < 0.001), and this difference remained significant (p < 0.001) when leptin was normalized for FM, For each gender, the mean leptin/FM ratios were relatively invariant during sexual maturation and no differences were observed between the oldest children (Tanner stage 5) and the young adults, The observation that female subjects have higher mean serum leptin and leptin/FM levels than male subjects Lit prepubertal ages may suggest that there are gender differences in leptin synthesis, clearance rates, bioactivity, and/or leptin transport. C1 AMGEN INC,THOUSAND OAKS,CA 91320. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1203/00006450-199710000-00010 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XX215 UT WOS:A1997XX21500010 PM 9380440 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Riddick, H KramerLeBlanc, C Davis, C AF Kennedy, E Riddick, H KramerLeBlanc, C Davis, C TI Fruit juice consumption SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1997 VL 100 IS 4 BP 728 EP 728 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XZ079 UT WOS:A1997XZ07900035 PM 9333756 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Wilson, KR Flather, CH AF Dean, DJ Wilson, KR Flather, CH TI Spatial error analysis of species richness for a Gap Analysis map SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WILDLIFE HABITAT; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ACCURACY; MODELS; GIS; CONSERVATION AB Variation in the distribution of species richness as a result of introduced errors of omission and commission in the Gap Analysis database for Oregon was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Random errors, assumed to be independent of a species' distribution, and boundary errors, assumed to be dependent on the species' distribution, were simulated using ten rodent species. Error rates of omission and commission equal to 5 and 20 percent were used in the simulations. Indications are that predictions of species richness within a Gap Analysis database can be very sensitive to both types of errors with sensitivity to random error being much greater. Implications are that the inclusion of error modeling in applied GIS databases is critical to spatially explicit conservation recommendations. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1211 EP 1217 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XY995 UT WOS:A1997XY99500010 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK Patterson, ME AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK Patterson, ME TI Changes in jasmonic acid concentration during early development of apple fruit SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin apple; ethylene; fruit development; jasmonic acid; hiatus domestica; respiration ID VICIA-FABA L; METHYL JASMONATE; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-CULTURES; PLANTS; GROWTH; PROTEINS; SIGNALS AB Apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.) were harvested from 24 to 136 days after full bloom (DAFB) and endogenous jasmonic acid was analyzed by GC-MS, There were two isomers of jasmonic acid in apple fruit with a ratio of 37:63 (cis:trans). The cis:trans ratio remained relatively constant throughout this period of fruit development. The endogenous jasmonic acid concentration was 138 ng g(-1) fresh weight 24 DAFB and decreased as fruit developed. Changes in jasmonic acid concentration were coincident with those of respiration, ethylene production, and anthocyanin accumulation in patterns consistent with the reported responses to exogenous jasmonates. Possible roles for jasmonic acid during early fruit development are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 101 IS 2 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01004.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB619 UT WOS:A1997YB61900011 ER PT J AU Reid, CD Tissue, DT Fiscus, EL Strain, BR AF Reid, CD Tissue, DT Fiscus, EL Strain, BR TI Comparison of spectrophotometric and radioisotopic methods for the assay of Rubisco in ozone-treated plants SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE field vs greenhouse growth; Glycine max; metabolite interference; ozone; Rubisco assay ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; LIGHT-DEPENDENT REGULATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RUBP CARBOXYLASE; ELEVATED CO2; POOL SIZES; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; ACTIVATION AB Radioisotopic and spectrophotometric assays for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxy lase/oxygenase (Rubisco) initial and final activities and Rubisco content were compared in plants chronically exposed to ozone (O-3) in a greenhouse and the field. In a greenhouse experiment, Glycine max was treated in exposure chambers with either charcoal-filtered air (CF air) or 100 nl O-3 l(-1) for 6 h daily during vegetative growth. Samples were collected after 7 days of exposure. In a field experiment, G. max was treated in open-top chambers with either CF air or nonfiltered air with O-3 added at 1.5 times ambient O-3 for 12 h daily. Average daily O-3 concentrations were 21 and 92 nl l(-1) in the CF and O-3 treatments, respectively samples were collected during vegetative and reproductive growth, Both assays generally yielded comparable Rubisco initial and final activities for greenhouse-grown plants regardless of the O-3 treatment. However for field-grown plants, Rubisco initial and final activities averaged 15 and 23% lower when assayed by the spectrophotometric rather than the radioisotopic method. For Rubisco content estimated by the spectrophotometric method, lower r(2) values for the regression of Rubisco activity vs concentration of carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate were observed in O3- than in CF-treated plants. Both assays yielded comparable Rubisco contents in the greenhouse and in the field although the variation was larger with the spectrophotometric method in field-grown plants. Growth conditions, field vs greenhouse, were more critical to the spectrophotometric assay performance than the O-3 treatments for measurement of Rubisco activity and content. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,AIR QUAL PLANT GROWTH & DEV RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP Reid, CD (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,AGR RES SERV,BOX 7632,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 101 IS 2 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1010221.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB619 UT WOS:A1997YB61900021 ER PT J AU Davis, DG AF Davis, DG TI 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and indoleacetic acid partially counteract inhibition of organogenesis by difluoromethylornithine SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE auxin; 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; difluoromethylornithine; Euphorbia esula; leafy spurge; organogenesis; polyamines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine ID SHOOTS IN-VITRO; POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; INDUCTIVE PHASE; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; REVERSAL; SPERMINE AB Difluoromethylomithine (DFMO) is a well known inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis that has been reported to interact in varying ways with auxins such as indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichrorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). In the present report DFMO is shown to inhibit root formation in isolated hypocotyl segments of Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) grown in the dark on solidified nutrient media in Petri dishes. Shoot formation was only slightly inhibited by DFMO and only on media with salts and vitamins diluted 10-fold. 2,4-D inhibited both root and shoot formation in full strength or diluted media. Simultaneous application of both compounds resulted in partial reversal of root inhibition, but only at 450 nM 2,4-D, the highest concentration used. In both media IAA also partially reversed DFMO effects on root formation. The effects of DFMO, 2,4-D or IAA on root (or shoot) formation do not appear to be closely related to endogenous content of the polyamines determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RP Davis, DG (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 101 IS 2 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1010224.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB619 UT WOS:A1997YB61900024 ER PT J AU Magnus, V Ozga, JA Reinecke, DM Pierson, GL Larue, TA Cohen, JD Brenner, ML AF Magnus, V Ozga, JA Reinecke, DM Pierson, GL Larue, TA Cohen, JD Brenner, ML TI 4-chloroindole-3-acetic and indole-3-acetic acids in Pisum sativum SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pisum sativum; Fabaceae; garden pea; hormone-analysis; free and conjugated auxin; 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid; IAA ID PLANTS AB Endogenous IAA and 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) were analysed in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the garden pea (Pisum sativum) using GC-MS selected ion monitoring in the presence of stable-isotope labelled internal standards. In fruit collected 3-8 days after anthesis (DAA) conjugates of both auxins were more abundant than the free hormones. Auxin levels (ng g(-1) fr. wt) in the seeds were higher by 1-2 orders of magnitude than in the pericarps. However, as seeds are small at this stage, the pericarp nevertheless contains a substantial fraction of the overall quantity of IAA and 4-Cl-IAA. While, in young fruit tissues, IAA was more abundant than 4-Cl-IAA, the opposite was true for seeds at the 'table-ready' stage and for roots of nine-day-old seedlings. Our data suggest that both IAA and 4-Cl-IAA are required to coordinate the vegetative and reproductive growth of pea plants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT AGR FOOD & NUTR SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL & MOL BIOL RES GRP,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2P5,CANADA. CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Magnus, V (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST,POB 1016,ZAGREB 10001,CROATIA. OI Ozga, Jocelyn/0000-0001-5043-9482; Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00229-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA YE734 UT WOS:A1997YE73400002 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB Drenth, A AF Goodwin, SB Drenth, A TI Origin of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans outside Mexico SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GENETIC ANALYSES; UNITED-STATES; NETHERLANDS; OOSPORES; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; NORTHERN; POLYMORPHISMS C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,CRC TROP PLANT PATHOL,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP PROD & PEST CONTROL RES UNIT,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,1155 LILLY HALL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Drenth, Andre/A-4915-2008 NR 65 TC 60 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 992 EP 999 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.10.992 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ380 UT WOS:A1997XZ38000001 PM 18945031 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Bruton, BD Biles, CL AF Zhang, JX Bruton, BD Biles, CL TI Polygalacturonase isozymes produced by Phomopsis cucurbitae in relation to postharvest decay of cantaloupe fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catabolite repression; fruit rot ID F-SP LYCOPERSICI; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; INHIBITING PROTEIN; DEGRADING ENZYMES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; COTTON BOLLS; CATABOLITE REPRESSION; APPLE FRUIT; PURIFICATION; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASES AB Production of polygalacturonase (PG), a cell wall-degrading enzyme, by Phomopsis cucurbitae (latent infection fungus) was studied in relation to different carbon sources and various stages of cantaloupe fruit development. P. cucurbitae produced multiple PG isozymes both in vitro and in vivo. The fungus produced the highest PG activity and the greatest number of isozymes on pectin compared with those produced on glucose, galactose, and sucrose. Eight P. cucurbitae PG isozymes (pIs 3.7, 4.2, 6.6, 7.0, 7.3, 7.5, 7.8, and 8.6) were detected in extract from inoculated mature fruit (40 days after anthesis) by isoelectric focusing. Isozyme bands with pIs of 4.2, 7.3, and 7.8 were the most prominent. A similar set of PG isozymes was produced by P. cucurbitae in autoclaved mature fruit tissue (mesocarp). When tissue discs taken from 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-day postanthesis fruit were inoculated with P. cucurbitae. PG activity and the number of PG isozymes extracted from the macerated fruit tissue discs increased with the degree of fruit maturity and ripening. Increases in PG activity and PG isozymes were also correlated with reactivation of latent infections and the beginning of tissue maceration. An anionic PG isozyme (pI 4.2) was only visualized on decayed 50-day-old fruit exocarp, as well as 40- and 50-day-old Fruit mesocarp. The experimental results support the hypotheses that P. cucurbitae PG isozymes play an important role in fruit decay once latent infection becomes active following harvest. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,LANE,OK 74555. E CENT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ADA,OK 74820. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1020 EP 1025 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.10.1020 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ380 UT WOS:A1997XZ38000005 PM 18945035 ER PT J AU Munkvold, GP Hellmich, RL Showers, WB AF Munkvold, GP Hellmich, RL Showers, WB TI Reduced Fusarium ear rot and symptomless infection in kernels of maize genetically engineered for European corn borer resistance SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bt-toxin; corn; Gibberella ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MONILIFORME; FUMONISINS; PLANTS AB Field experiments were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to evaluate the incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and the incidence of symptomless Fusarium infection in kernels of maize hybrids genetically engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding for the delta-endotoxin CryIA(b). Treatments included manual infestation with European corn borer (ECB) larvae and insecticide applications to limit ECB activity to specific maize growth stages or mimic standard ECB control practices. Fusarium symptoms and infection were affected by the specific cryIA(b) transformation used in each hybrid that determines tissue-specific expression of CryIA(b). In hybrids expressing CryIA(b) in kernels, incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and incidence of symptomless kernel infection were reduced compared with near-isogenic hybrids lacking cryIA(b) genes. In plants that were manually infested with ECB, ear rot incidence was reduced by 87, 58, and 68%; severity was reduced by 96, 54, and 64%; and incidence of kernel infection by Fusarium species was reduced by 17, 38, and 38% in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. Results were similar in treatments that were not manually infested, but differences between transgenic and nontransgenic hybrids were smaller. Most kernel infection was due to F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans (section Liseola) collectively, and it was within this group that transgenic hybrids exhibited reduced infection. Expression of CryIA(b) in plant tissues other than kernels did not consistently affect Fusarium symptoms or infection. Disease incidence was positively correlated with ECB damage to kernels. Insecticide applications also reduced Fusarium symptoms and infection when applied to nontransgenic plants. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS & CROP GENET RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP Munkvold, GP (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,351 BESSEY HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 34 TC 141 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.10.1071 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ380 UT WOS:A1997XZ38000013 PM 18945043 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Trocine, TM Timmer, LW AF Gottwald, TR Trocine, TM Timmer, LW TI A computer-controlled environmental chamber for the study of aerial fungal spore release SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple scab; citrus greasy spot; early blight of tomato and pepper ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; ASCOSPORES; LIBERATION; DISPERSAL; RAIN AB An environmental chamber was designed to study aerial release of sports of ascomycetes and hyphomycetes, based on a device developed by C. M. Leach. Relative humidity (RH), temperature, red (660 nm) and infrared (880 nm) light, leaf wetness, wind speed, vibration, and rain events are controlled and monitored within the chamber via an RTC-HC11 real-time controller and data-acquisition system. A BASIC11 computer program is uploaded to and controls the system. The program requests values for environmental parameters that change through time according to user specifications. The controller interacts with a stepper motor, solenoids, and relay switches via a feedback system based on data received from solid-state Rtl, temperature, and leaf-wetness sensors. The data-acquisition system records environmental data from the chamber in RAM (random access memory) that can be downloaded to a personal computer for correlation with spore-release data. Spores released from fungal specimens on plant tissues and cultures placed in the chamber and subjected to the desired environmental conditions are collected on a continuous volumetric spore trap at an exhaust port from thr chamber. The performance of the device was examined by measuring spore release of Mycosphaerella citri, Alternaria solani, and Venturia inaequalis under various environmental conditions. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1078 EP 1084 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.10.1078 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ380 UT WOS:A1997XZ38000014 PM 18945044 ER PT J AU Welch, RM Norvell, WA Gesuwan, P Schaefer, S AF Welch, RM Norvell, WA Gesuwan, P Schaefer, S TI Possible role of root-ethylene in Fe(III)-phytometallophore uptake in Strategy II species SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cereals; ethylene; iron; regulation; translocation; uptake ID FE(III)-CHELATE REDUCTASE; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; METHIONINE; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; BARLEY; PLANTS; N-15; C-14 AB All phytometallophores are derived from methionine through S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) via nicotianamine. Ethylene is synthesized from methionine via SAM and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). This close similarity in biochemical pathways suggests that root-ethylene may play a role in regulating Fe(III)-phytometallophore homeostasis in cereal (Strategy II species) roots as well as in the regulation of Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity in Strategy I species. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were grown in chelate-buffered nutrient solutions with increasing levels of Fe (i.e., 5, 25 or 100 mu M Fe) as Fe(III)-HEDTA. Seedlings at each level of Fe were treated with either an inhibitor or a promoter of ethylene action. Treatment with the promoter, ACC (1 mu M), had no significant effect on phytometallophore root efflux or Fe uptake by 19-d-old barley seedlings at all Fe levels. However, treatment with the inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA, 10 mu M) repressed the ability of cereal roots to absorb sufficient Fe to meet metabolic needs, but surprisingly enhanced phytometallophore root efflux rates at all Fe(III)-HEDTA levels. These results support a possible role of root-ethylene in Fe(III) uptake in cereals, but the mechanism remains unclear. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1997 VL 196 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1023/A:1004202008059 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YJ926 UT WOS:A1997YJ92600008 ER PT J AU Yang, XE Baligar, VC Foster, JC Martens, DC AF Yang, XE Baligar, VC Foster, JC Martens, DC TI Accumulation and transport of nickel in relation to organic acids in ryegrass and maize grown with different nickel levels SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE citrate; malate; nickel tolerance; root exudation; xylem transport ID PLANT TOLERANCE; ZINC; CULTIVARS; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; INFLUX AB Difference in Ni tolerance/accumulation in plant genotypes might be used to identify or develop plants for remediation of high Ni soils. Ryegrass was shown to be more sensitive to Ni toxicity and accumulated much more Ni in shoots than maize. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship of organic acids to Ni accumulation and xylem transport of Ni in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The results showed that accumulation of Ni in shoots was 5 to 7 fold higher in ryegrass than in maize grown at 20 to 80 mu M Ni, whereas Ni concentration in ryegrass roots was only 1 to 2 fold higher at 0.1 to 40 mu M Ni and 1.5-fold lower at 80 mu M Ni than that of maize roots. Xylem transport rates of Ni increased with increasing Ni supply for both species, and were about 2 to 7 times higher in ryegrass than in maize. Shoot concentrations of citric, malic, oxalic and cis-aconitic acids increased at Ni levels above 20 mu M, and were about 2 to 6 times higher in ryegrass than in maize. Whereas, maize roots accumulated greater amount of malic, oxalic, and cis-aconitic acids than ryegrass roots, especially at Ni levels of 40-80 mu M. The rate of Ni exudation by roots in the two species was significantly correlated with root Ni concentrations. It could be concluded that high Ni accumulation in shoots was closely related to high xylem transport rates of Ni and that the accumulation of organic acids, citric and malic acid in particular. A high root exudate rate of Ni and the enhanced accumulation of organic acids, malic acid in particular, in roots might be among the important factors which are associated with the tolerance of crops to toxic Ni levels. C1 ARS,USDA,SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL ENVIRONM SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Yang, XE (reprint author), ZHEJIANG AGR UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,HANGZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 20 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1997 VL 196 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1023/A:1004270528532 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YJ926 UT WOS:A1997YJ92600016 ER PT J AU Roy, KW Rupe, JC Hershman, DE Abney, TS AF Roy, KW Rupe, JC Hershman, DE Abney, TS TI Sudden death syndrome of soybean SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; CAUSAL AGENT; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CYST-NEMATODE; PLANTING DATE; 1ST REPORT; DISEASE; CULTIVAR; FIELD; RESISTANCE C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV KENTUCKY,PRINCETON,KY. PURDUE UNIV,USDA,ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Roy, KW (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,206 DORMAN HALL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 74 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1100 EP 1111 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1100 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ383 UT WOS:A1997XZ38300001 ER PT J AU Pazdernik, DL Hartman, GL Huang, YH Hymowitz, T AF Pazdernik, DL Hartman, GL Huang, YH Hymowitz, T TI A greenhouse technique for assessing Phytophthora root rot resistance in Glycine max and G-soja SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE soybean disease resistance; soybean germplasm ID F-SP GLYCINEA; RACES; INHERITANCE; TOLERANCE; SOYBEANS; FIELD AB New sources of soybean (Glycine max) resistance to Phytophthora sojae are needed to provide effective resistance because of the rapidly changing race patterns of P. sojae in fields. The objectives of our study were to develop a method to screen Glycine soja for resistance to P. sojae and then use this methodology to screen G. soja lines for resistance to P. sojae races 1, 3, and 20. An agar plug-inoculation method, in which a 3-mm-diameter mycelial plug of the fungus was placed mycelium side down on cotyledons of 10-day-old soybean seedlings, was directly compared with the traditional hypocotyl inoculation method. There was no significant difference between the hypocotyl- and plug-inoculation methods when tested on four soybean differential lines using three P. sojae races. The plug-inoculation method then was used to screen 430 G. soja accessions for resistance to P. sojae race 3. Nine G. soja accessions were retested with races 1, 3, and 20. Of the 430 G. soja accessions tested, 22 accessions had survival rates higher than 75% and nine had rates higher than 90% against race 3. Additionally, five of the nine accessions that were tested again had greater than 60% survival against races 1, 3, and 20. These results suggest that the plug-inoculation method can be used as an alternative to the hypocotyl-inoculation method. Potential sources of new P. sojae resistance and/or tolerance may be present in G. soja, but additional genetic research is needed to determine if these sources are different from sources currently found in G. max. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,AGR RES SERV,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1112 EP 1114 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1112 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ383 UT WOS:A1997XZ38300002 ER PT J AU Zhang, AW Hartman, GL Riccioni, L Chen, WD Ma, RZ Pedersen, WL AF Zhang, AW Hartman, GL Riccioni, L Chen, WD Ma, RZ Pedersen, WL TI Using PCR to distinguish Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla from other soybean fungal pathogens and to detect them in soybean tissues SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BEAN SEED; AMPLIFICATION; ASSAYS AB Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA were used to distinguish Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla isolates from other soybean fungal pathogens. Primers made to the conserved sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA amplified the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis and P. longicolla. The PCR products were cloned and then sequenced. Specific-primers, Phom.I and Phom.II, were designed from the polymorphic regions of D. phaseolorum and P. longicolla isolates from soybean to distinguish them from other soybean fungal pathogens. These ITS-derived primers amplified a 337-bp-specific DNA fragment from P. longicolla, D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and Phomopsis spp. from 20 different hosts. No amplified product was observed using DNA of seven other soybean fungal pathogens or soybean DNA. The detection limit of PCR using primers Phom.I and Phom.II was 2.5 x 10(-7) dilution of fungal DNA extracted from samples of 10 pooled seeds and as low as a 1:15 (Phomopsis:soybean) ratio when using 10 ng of DNA per pi from each P. longicolla and soybean. PCR did not produce products using primers Phom.I and Phom.II with DNA extracted from noninfected seeds, but specific bands were observed from samples of 10 pooled seeds and from individually infected seeds. A specific band was observed as well from DNA extracts of tissue samples from symptomless plants inoculated with P. longicolla and D. phaseolorum var. sojae. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. IST SPERIMENTALE PATOL VEGETALE,ROME,ITALY. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,URBANA,IL. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1143 EP 1149 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1143 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ383 UT WOS:A1997XZ38300008 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Sether, DM Liu, XP Wang, M Zee, F Ullman, DE AF Hu, JS Sether, DM Liu, XP Wang, M Zee, F Ullman, DE TI Use of a tissue blotting immunoassay to examine the distribution of pineapple closterovirus in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MEALYBUG WILT; VIRUS; PLANTS AB Specific monoclonal antibodies made to a pineapple closterovirus (PCV) were used in a tissue blotting immunoassay (TBIA) for the detection of PCV in pineapple. More than 2,000 samples were tested in 5 days by one person using this rapid and reliable assay. A survey was conducted using this assay to test more than 20,000 Hawaiian pineapple samples for the presence of PCV. PCV was detected in symptomless pineapple plants in the field and in the USDA pineapple germ plasm collection. Studies of the association of PCV with mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) suggest that PCV may be involved in MWP. C1 NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,USDA,ARS,HILO,HI. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1150 EP 1154 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1150 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ383 UT WOS:A1997XZ38300009 ER PT J AU Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Jensen, SG AF Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Jensen, SG TI Identification of the wheat curl mite as the vector of the high plains virus of corn and wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; RESISTANCE; SORGHUM; MAIZE AB Wheat with virus-like symptoms (extracts containing a 33-kDa protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, negative in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to wheat streak mosaic virus, and not infectious in a backassay to other wheat) reacted positively to antiserum made against a protein purified from symptomatic corn infected with the High Plains virus (HPV), indicating a serological relationship between the corn and wheat pathogens. The wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer) was identified as the vector of the virus and caused persistent infection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in greenhouse experiments. The HPV was, recovered in the field from naturally infected wheat where the number of HPV-infected plants decreased with increasing distance from the WCM source in volunteer wheat. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,AGR RES CTR HAYS,HAYS,KS 67601, USA. NR 16 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1161 EP 1166 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.10.1161 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ383 UT WOS:A1997XZ38300011 ER PT J AU Ding, B Kwon, MO Hammond, R Owens, R AF Ding, B Kwon, MO Hammond, R Owens, R TI Cell-to-cell movement of potato spindle tuber viroid SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-DELTA VIRUS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GUARD-CELLS; RNA; PLASMODESMATA; PROTEIN; CDNA; MUTAGENESIS; INFECTIVITY; SEQUENCE AB Viroids are non-translatable, autonomously replicating circular RNAs that infect only plants. An important component of the viroid infection process is cell-to-cell movement; however, there is virtually no information available about the pathways and mechanisms of this process. In this study, potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) has been used as a model system to investigate the mechanism of viroid cell-to-cell transport. Infectious RNA transcripts were produced from PSTVd cDNA clones in vitro, labeled with the nucleotide-specific fluorescent dye TOTO-1 iodide, and used for micro-injection. When injected into symplasmically isolated guard cells of mature tomato and tobacco leaves, PSTVd remained in the injected cells; in contrast, PSTVd injected into symplasmically connected mesophyll cells moved rapidly from cell to cell. A 1400 nt RNA containing only vector sequences was unable to move out of the injected mesophyll cells, but when PSTVd was fused to this transcript, the fusion RNA moved from cell to cell. At the DNA level, PSTVd cDNA also appears able to mediate cell-to-cell movement of plasmid DNA. These data indicate that (i) PSTVd moves from cell to cell via plasmodesmata, and (ii) this movement may be mediated by a specific sequence or structural motif. C1 ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Ding, B (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.12040931.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YF454 UT WOS:A1997YF45400019 PM 9375403 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Johnson, TE Cook, RJ AF Mazzola, M Johnson, TE Cook, RJ TI Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; YIELD; TILLAGE AB Studies were conducted to assess the importance of soil-borne pathogens as impediments to the production of direct-drilled wheat following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation. Bluegrass sods were collected as cores from commercial seed fields in October (after open-field burning) and in December and March (after exposure to normal freezing and thawing), treated with glyphosate after a 2- to 3-week period of green-up in the glasshouse, and then planted to wheat 21 days later. Wheat seedlings in the 3- to 4-leaf stage were stunted and spindly in either burned or nonburned sods collected in October, but grew significantly better in burned than nonburned sods collected in December and March. Fumigation (methyl bromide), simulated tillage, and application of metalaxyl as a drench, singly or as combined treatments, improved the growth of wheat in nonburned sods. Growth of wheat in nontreated burned sods collected after frost had penetrated the upper portions was equivalent to that in fumigated sods. Experimental freezing at -20 degrees C for up to 96 h, of burned and nonburned sods collected in October, followed by thawing also improved the growth of wheat subsequently sown directly into these sods. The stunted and spindly seedlings had roots girdled and severed by lesions typical of Rhizoctonia root rot. Isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis were recovered from these roots and caused poor seedling emergence and stunted root and shoot growth of both wheat and bluegrass. The results suggest that both R. cerealis and Pythium spp. are potentially important soil-borne pathogens of wheat when following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation and that burning done routinely to improve the yield of bluegrass seed can also reduce the potential for damage caused by Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rots of wheat seeded directly into bluegrass sod. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 46 IS 5 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-71.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YB839 UT WOS:A1997YB83900011 ER PT J AU Ruan, YL Chourey, PS Delmer, DP PerezGrau, L AF Ruan, YL Chourey, PS Delmer, DP PerezGrau, L TI The differential expression of sucrose synthase in relation to diverse patterns of carbon partitioning in developing cotton seed SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST-DERIVED INVERTASE; DEVELOPING TOMATO FRUIT; VICIA-FABA L; METABOLIC-REGULATION; PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SINK STRENGTH; UDP-GLUCOSE; MAIZE; PLANTS; CELL AB Developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed exhibits complex patterns of carbon allocation in which incoming sucrose (Suc) is partitioned to three major sinks: the fibers, seed coat, and cotyledons, which synthesize cellulose, starch, and storage proteins or oils, respectively. In this study we investigated the role of Suc synthase (SuSy) in the mobilization of Suc into such sinks. Assessments of SuSy gene expression at various levels led to the surprising conclusion that, in contrast to that found for other plants, SuSy does not appear to play a role in starch synthesis in the cotton seed. However, our demonstration of functional symplastic connections between the phloem-unloading area and the fiber cells, as well as the SuSy expression pattern in fibers, indicates a major role of SuSy in partitioning carbon to fiber cellulose synthesis. SuSy expression is also high in transfer cells of the seed coat facing the cotyledons. Such high levels of SuSy could contribute to the synthesis of the thickened cell walls and to the energy generation for Suc efflux to the seed apoplast. The expression of SuSy in cotyledons also suggests a role in protein and lipid synthesis. In summary, the developing cotton seed provides an excellent example of the diverse roles played by SuSy in carbon metabolism. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, PLANT BIOL SECT, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. CALGENE INC, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP Ruan, YL (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, PROGRAM PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 47 TC 87 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 115 IS 2 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YC259 UT WOS:A1997YC25900008 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Komor, E Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Komor, E Moore, PH TI Sucrose accumulation in the sugarcane stem is regulated by the difference between the activities of soluble acid invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; STORAGE; COMPARTMENTATION; GROWTH; CANE AB To assess the relative importance of morphological and biochemical factors in the regulation of sucrose (Sue) accumulation in the sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) stem, we investigated morphological and biochemical correlates of Suc accumulation among parents and progeny of a family segregating for differences. In contrast to the parents, no relationship was observed between morphology and the level of Suc accumulation among the progeny. The level and timing of Suc accumulation in the whole stalk and within individual internodes was correlated with the downregulation of soluble acid invertase (SAI) activity. High SAI activity prevented most, but not all, Suc accumulation. There was a critical threshold of SAI activity above which high concentrations of Suc did not accumulate. This low level of SAI activity was always exceeded in the internodes of the lower-Suc-storing genotypes. However, low activity of SAI was not sufficient by itself to account for the Suc accumulation in the higher-Suc-storing genotypes. Major differences in Suc accumulation among the population were attributed to the difference between activities of SAI and Suc phosphate synthase, provided SAI is below the critical threshold concentration. This result is not unexpected, since the pathway of Suc transport for storage involves Suc hydrolysis and resynthesis. C1 ARS,HAWAII AGR RES CTR,USDA,AIEA,HI 96701. UNIV BAYREUTH,D-95440 BAYREUTH,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 112 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 115 IS 2 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YC259 UT WOS:A1997YC25900034 ER PT J AU Papernik, LA Kochian, LV AF Papernik, LA Kochian, LV TI Possible involvement of Al-induced electrical signals in Al tolerance in wheat SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUARD-CELLS; ALUMINUM-TOLERANCE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ANION CHANNELS; ROOT ELONGATION; K+ CHANNELS; MALATE; ACID; PROTOPLASTS; EXUDATION AB The relationship between Al-induced depolarization of root-cell transmembrane electrical potentials (E-m) and Al tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Al exposure induced depolarizations of E-m in the Al-tolerant wheat cultivars Atlas and ET3, but not in the Al-sensitive wheat cultivars Scout and ES3. The depolarizations of E-m occurred in root cap cells and as far back as 10 mm from the root tip. The depolarization was specific to Al3+; no depolarization was observed when roots were exposed to the rhizotoxic trivalent cation La3+. The Al-induced depolarization occurred in the presence of anion-channel antagonists that blocked the release of malate, indicating that the depolarization is not due to the electrogenic efflux of malate(2-). K+-induced depolarizations in the root cap were of the same magnitude as Al-induced depolarizations, but did not trigger malate release, indicating that Al-induced depolarization of root cap cell membrane potentials is probably linked to, but is not sufficient to trigger, malate release. C1 ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,USDA,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 115 IS 2 BP 657 EP 667 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YC259 UT WOS:A1997YC25900039 ER PT J AU Kalinski, A Rowley, D Dwivedi, RS Herman, EM AF Kalinski, A Rowley, D Dwivedi, RS Herman, EM TI The expression and accumulation of soybean vegetative-cell thiol protease is temporally and developmentally regulated SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; leaf-pod-soybean; thiol protease; Glycine max ID VIGNA-MUNGO SEEDS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS FRUITS; PARAVEINAL MESOPHYLL; ASSIMILATE TRANSFER; STORAGE PROTEIN; SULFHYDRYL-ENDOPEPTIDASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BEAN SEEDLINGS AB Plants possess a salvage pathway in which proteins accumulated during prior developmental stages are catabolized and recycled as building blocks for new rounds of synthesis. Soybean leaves and pods accumulate vegetative storage proteins prior to and during reproductive stage that function as transient nitrogen resources. These proteins are mobilized to provide carbon and nitrogen for the synthesis of seed storage proteins during seed maturation. We have isolated two thiol protease cDNAs that correspond to the two isoforms that are expressed in, soybean leaves and pods. Immunoblot analysis with an antipeptide antibody elicited against the 15 C-terminal amino acids of the leaf protease cross-react with an identical Mr polypeptide in leaves, pods, roots, flowers and cotyledons after 9 days of seedling growth. The distribution of the protease in various soybean organs indicates the thiol protease is a vegetative cell protease. The expression of the vegetative protease mRNA in soybean leaves occurs during leaf expansion but only after the leaves are sufficiently mature to undergo the sink to source transition. In contrast thiol protease gene expression in pods occurs throughout seed maturation. The leaves of podded and depodded soybean plants both express the thiol protease mRNAs, however depodding soybean plants partially represses thiol protease gene expression. The expression of the leaf protease is subject to temporal control with higher levels of expression occuring in the late afternoon in plants exposed to the ambient day/night cycle. The accumulation of the proteins encoded by the vegetative thiol protease mRNAs are likely to be responsible for amino acid salvage from vegetative storage protein. C1 USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 795 EP 802 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB307 UT WOS:A1997YB30700006 ER PT J AU ElGhaouth, A Arul, J Wilson, C Benhamou, N AF ElGhaouth, A Arul, J Wilson, C Benhamou, N TI Biochemical and cytochemical aspects of the interactions of chitosan and Botrytis cinerea in bell pepper fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bell pepper; Botrytis cinerea; cellulose; chitosan; pectin; postharvest decay ID ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; GOLD COMPLEX; CELL-WALLS; FUNGI; POLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION; TISSUE; LEAVES; APPLE AB The effect of chitosan on the necrotrophic growth of Botrytis cinerea in bell pepper fruit was investigated. In control tissue, massive fungal colonization was followed by extensive degradation of the pectin component of host walls and middle lamella. Reduction of pectin labelling was also observed in walls distant from invading hyphae. In contrast, cellulose breakdown was limited to small wall areas closely appressed against the pathogen. The disruption of host walls and the reduction of pectin labelling appeared to parallel levels of cell-wall-macerating enzymes isolated from B. cinerea-infected tissue. High levels of polygalacturonase and trace amounts of cellulase were detected in B. cinerea-infected tissue. In chitosan-treated tissue, the preservation of pectin binding sites and the intense and regular cellulose distribution over host walls, suggested that chitosan might have prevented the maceration of host tissue by B. cinerea. Chitosan not only was effective in reducing the production of polygalacturonases by B. cinerea, but also caused seven cytological damage to invading hyphae. This may, in part, explain the limited ability of the pathogen to colonize tissues in the presence of chitosan. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV LAVAL,CTR RECH HORT,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. UNIV LAVAL,DEPT SCI & TECHNOL ALIMENTS,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. UNIV LAVAL,DEPT PHYTOL,QUEBEC CITY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. RP ElGhaouth, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00056-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA YB082 UT WOS:A1997YB08200008 ER PT J AU OkotieEboh, GO Kubena, LF Chinnah, AD Bailey, CA AF OkotieEboh, GO Kubena, LF Chinnah, AD Bailey, CA TI Effects of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin on aflatoxicosis in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-carotene; canthaxanthin; aflatoxin; antibody titers; blood chemistry ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; CHICKENS; IMMUNITY; DISEASE AB In 2 x 3 factorial experiments, 240 broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0, 0.01, and 0.02% beta-carotene or canthaxanthin with or without 5 ppm aflatoxin to determine the effects of these two carotenoids on the health and well-being of broilers subjected to aflatoxin poisoning. Neither beta-carotene nor canthaxanthin was effective at overcoming the growth-depressing effects of aflatoxin. Relative liver weights were significantly higher in broilers receiving dietary aflatoxin in the presence of beta-carotene but not canthaxanthin. beta-Carotene and canthaxanthin had no effect on antibody production against infectious bursal disease (IBD). Interestingly, secondary antibody production against IBD was enhanced by the presence of aflatoxin in the diet. Canthaxanthin significantly increased the concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, uric acid, and triglyceride, all of which were significantly depressed by aflatoxin. beta-Carotene did not effect any of the measured blood analytes. There was a significant interaction between canthaxanthin and aflatoxin with respect to creatine kinase activity. Creatine kinase activity decreased as dietary canthaxanthin increased in the presence of aflatoxin. The data suggest that beta-carotene is not effective at ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens but that canthaxanthin may be somewhat effective with respect to certain clinical blood chemistry indicators. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. CARRINGTON GLYCOBIOL LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1337 EP 1341 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY309 UT WOS:A1997XY30900003 PM 9316107 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Danforth, HD AF Allen, PC Danforth, HD TI Effects of combined treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin(R) and immunization with live oocysts on performance of broiler chicks raised in coccidia-seeded floor pens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE recombinant bovine somatotropin(R); growth hormone; adjuvant; coccidiosis; live vaccine ID GROWTH DEPRESSION AB In our laboratory, preliminary studies have indicated that recombinant bovine somatotropin(R) (rbST) can stimulate protective immunity against coccidia infection. A floor pen trial on coccidia-seeded litter was run to further test its activity as an adjuvant during immunization of chicks with a live oocyst vaccine. Five hundred day-old male broiler strain chicks were randomly assigned to five experimental Treatments: 1, medicated controls; 2, unimmunized, not treated with rbST; 3, unimmunized, rbST-treated; 4, immunized, not treated with rbST; 5, immunized, rbST-treated. Each treatment consisted of four pens of 25 chicks each. At the end of the growout period (7 wk), the chicks in Treatment 1 (medicated controls) had the highest mean BW, but mean BW of chickens in Treatment 3 (rbST treatment only) were not significantly less. On the other hand, the mean weights of chicks in Treatments 4 (immunized only) and 5 (immunized plus rbST) were significantly reduced, and not different from those of the untreated chickens (Treatment 2). However, when challenged at 3 wk, the chicks in Treatment 5 had a mean combined total lesion score that was significantly lower than that from Treatment 3, indicating that they had developed a higher degree of specific immunity, but at the expense of weight gain. The results suggest that rbST has a potential for use as an adjuvant with live oocyst vaccination, but that the ratio between rbST dose and numbers of oocysts in the live vaccine needs to be carefully controlled. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BLDG 1043,ROOM 103,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1354 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY309 UT WOS:A1997XY30900005 PM 9316109 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ AF Donoghue, AM Donoghue, DJ TI Effects of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants on turkey sperm viability, membrane integrity, and motility during liquid storage SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; lipid peroxidation; sperm; flow cytometry; turkey ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FOWL SEMEN; SPERMATOZOA; PEROXIDATION; TOXICITY; 5-C AB Aerobic conditions are required to maintain the viability of turkey sperm in vitro. In mammalian sperm, excess oxygen during in vitro storage results in lipid peroxidation, causing membrane damage and reduced sperm motility and subsequent fertility. The effect of adding antioxidants to turkey sperm during liquid storage was studied. Semen was collected and pooled from 20 tom and antioxidants were tested at a minimum of six concentrations, n = 6 observations per concentration. Semen was diluted into Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender. Extended semen sen ed as a control; treatments were extended semen supplemented with tocopherol (vitamin E, 1 to 80 mu g/mL); butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 0.02 to 1.25 mM); Tempo (0.039 to 1.25 mu M); or vitamin C (1 to 400 mu g/mL) and stored at 5 C for 48 h. Sperm viability in extended semen was evaluated after 0, 24, or 48 h storage. Membrane integrity and motility were also measured. Flow cytometric analysis was done using the live/dead stain combination (SYBR-14/propidium iodide) for sperm viability, and membrane integrity was assessed using a hypo-osmotic stress test. Sperm motility was evaluated subjectively. Control sperm viability was reduced almost 50% between 0 and 48 h. However, supplementation with vitamin E, Tempo, and BHT maintained populations of viable sperm similar to the 0 h levels at 48 h. Hypo-osmotic membrane integrity in the control sperm was reduced to approximately 22% (at 24 h, P less than or equal to 0.05) and 5% (at 48 h, P less than or equal to 0.05) of the total sperm population. Similar to controls after 24 h in vitro storage, sperm treated with the antioxidants vitamin E, Tempo, and BHT had reduced hypo-osmotic membrane integrity compared to 0 h samples. However, many of these treated samples maintained hypo-osmotic membrane integrity observed from 24 through 48 h (range, 21.5 to 44.6%), whereas hypo-osmotic membrana integrity fell to 4.6% at 48 h for the control (P < 0.05). Vitamin C treatments were similar to controls at all time points. Addition of the antioxidants vitamin E, BHT, and Tempo to extended turkey semen improves sperm survival, membrane integrity, and reduces the loss of motility after 48 h storage. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,USDA,BLDG 262 BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1440 EP 1445 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY309 UT WOS:A1997XY30900018 PM 9316122 ER PT J AU Young, LL Lyon, CE AF Young, LL Lyon, CE TI Effect of electrical stimulation in combination with calcium chloride or sodium chloride treatments at constant ionic strength on moisture binding and textural quality of early-harvested breast fillets SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrical stimulation; tenderness; breast fillets; calcium chloride; moisture binding ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES; OBJECTIVE TEXTURE; MEAT; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE AB The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a CaCl2 or NaCl treatment combined with electrical stimulation (ES) on textural and moisture binding of early-harvested chicken breast fillets. During exsanguination, half the birds were subjected to ES, and then all carcasses were aged for 30, 60, 90, or 120 min before excising both Pectoralis major muscles. Half the muscles were chilled with a NaCl solution and half with a CaCl2 solution. Effects of ES and chill medium composition on meat pH, moisture absorption, cooking loss, and shear value of the fillets were assessed. The ES reduced meat pH for the NaCl-treated muscles, but had no effect on those treated with CaCl2 or on moisture absorbed during chilling. Cooking loss was greater for the CaCl2-treated than NaCl-treated muscles and for muscles from stimulated birds that were excised more than 30 min post-mortem. Shear values were unaffected by chilling medium composition. However, even though shear values for both ES and unstimulated birds declined as aging time increased, the rate of decline was greater, and ultimate shear value lower, for muscles from ES birds. Results indicate that, although ES might offer some advantage in improving the tenderness of early-harvested breast fillets, combining ES with CaCl2 treatment offers no real advantage. Moreover, reductions in moisture binding properties by these technologies might limit applicability in some commercial environments. RP Young, LL (reprint author), ARS,USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1446 EP 1449 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY309 UT WOS:A1997XY30900019 PM 9316123 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Heinrichs, AJ AF Losinger, WC Heinrichs, AJ TI An analysis of age and body weight at first calving for Holsteins in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cattle reproduction; weight; age influence; USA ID RAISING DAIRY REPLACEMENTS; HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; HEIFERS; HERD; IMPROVEMENT AB In a national survey of US dairy producers, only 2.7 +/- 0.5% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving recommended target ranges of age less than or equal to 24 months and body weight(BW) greater than or equal to 550 kg at first calving. Allowing for wider target ranges, still only 14.6 +/- 1.3% of Holstein dairy operations reported achieving age less than or equal to 25 months and BW greater than or equal to 544.3 kg at first calving. Ages of individual first-calf heifers observed at calving were heavily skewed toward older individuals. Dairy producers reported an average age at first calving that was 1.3 months lower than the mean and 1.0 months lower than median age of first-calf heifers' observed calving on the operations. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the herd characteristics associated with producers reporting first calvings within the wider age and BW target ranges for Holsteins. Rolling herd average milk production greater than or equal to 7711 kg/yr, using a computer for recordkeeping, and not tying preweaned heifers in a barn with cows, were associated with achieving the target BW and age at first calving. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,VET SERV CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,555 S HOWES ST,SUITE 200,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(97)00018-4 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YK333 UT WOS:A1997YK33300004 PM 9443327 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, FC TI The genus Pleskeola Stackelberg (Diptera: Syrphidae), a junior synonym of Parhelophilus Girschner SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE key; holarctic; bogs AB The genus Pleskeola (n. syn.) is synonymized with Parhelophilus. The species (porcus and sibiricus, n, comb.) associated with the name Pleskeola are redescribed. A checklist and key to species of Parhelophilus is presented. Four new synonyms and one new combination are reported (Helophilus anniae Brimley 1923 = flavifacies Bigot 1883; Parhelophilus obscurior Violovitsh 1960 and Helophilus citricornis Shiraki 1968 = kurentzovi Violovitsh 1960; Parhelophilus currani Fluke 1953 = laetus Loew 1863; Helophilus pilosus Hunter 1897 is transferred to Lejops (Lejops)). RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 628 EP 640 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF173 UT WOS:A1997YF17300006 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, EE TI Biological notes on Sparasion Latreille (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Scelionidae; Sparasion; Tettigoniidae; Atlanticus gibbosus; egg; parasitoid AB The first behavioral observations for any species of Sparasion and the first report of the genus Atlanticus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) as a host of Sparasion are presented. In Florida, a number of female wasps were observed burrowing headfirst into sandy areas. In every instance where a female burrowed into sand and the area subsequently was excavated, an egg of Atlanticus, oriented vertically, was found at 12 to 15 mm beneath the surface. Females emerged headfirst from the sand if they remained underground for more than a few minutes. A single female was excavated from the ground while in the process of ovipositing into an egg; she was at its uppermost end with her head oriented toward the surface. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,MRC 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF173 UT WOS:A1997YF17300013 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Moser, JC AF Gagne, RJ Moser, JC TI Celticecis, a genus of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), newly reported for the western Palearctic Region SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 756 EP 756 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF173 UT WOS:A1997YF17300020 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Yu, AD Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Chen, Y Yu, AD Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Repression of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in the catalase-overexpressing heart of transgenic mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTISCHEMIC VENTRICULAR RECOVERY; REPERFUSION INJURY; STRESS PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION; SHOCK RESPONSE; ISCHEMIA; RAT; RABBIT; CARDIOTOXICITY; RESISTANCE AB Hypoxia-reoxygenation injury results at least in part from reactive oxygen free radicals, Catalase is a major enzyme involved in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, The activity of catalase per gram of tissue in the heart is very low, being only about 2% that of liver in rodents and humans, which may be responsible for the high sensitivity of the heart to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The present study was undertaken to determine whether elevation of catalase specifically in the heart of transgenic mice could provide protection against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Transgenic mice with elevated cardiac catalase 60-fold higher than normal were selected, and the effects of catalase elevation on hypoxia-reoxygenation induced functional and morphological changes in isolated atria were determined. Catalase overexpression ameliorated reductions in contractile force and heart rate caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation, and eliminated reoxygenation-induced arrhythmia. The catalase-overexpressing transgenic atria were also highly resistant to hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced morphological alterations, as examined by electron microscopy, Use of cardiac catalase-overexpressing transgenic mice thus demonstrates that hydrogen peroxide is involved in hypoxia-reoxygenation cardiotoxicity, and that this mouse model provides a useful tool for study of free radical mechanism in the heart damage. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT MED,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. ARS,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63752, CA68125] NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA XX281 UT WOS:A1997XX28100014 PM 9316619 ER PT J AU Ludwig, GM Stone, N AF Ludwig, GM Stone, N TI Relation between bar grader spacing and golden shiner size SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article AB The average lengths and weights of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas that were retained between a series of successively smaller bar graders were determined. Regressions that expressed the relation of the average fish sizes to the mean distance between the bars of the retaining graders were determined and expressed as graphs. Tables, constructed from these relationships, are presented and explained for practical use by baitfish farmers. C1 USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture & Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Ludwig, GM (reprint author), USDA, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 59 IS 4 BP 312 EP 316 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0312:RBBGSA>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA YM660 UT WOS:000071087000011 ER PT J AU King, TJ Khachik, F Bortkiewicz, H Fukushima, LH Morioka, S Bertram, JS AF King, TJ Khachik, F Bortkiewicz, H Fukushima, LH Morioka, S Bertram, JS TI Metabolites of dietary carotenoids as potential cancer preventive agents SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Carotenoids CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Natl Inst Hlth, Switzerland, Swiss Natl Fdn, F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd, BASF Nederland B V, Betatene Ltd, Austr, Birkhauser Verlag, Switzerland, Bruker Nederland B V, Coca Cola Co, US, Kemin Ind, US, Wyeth Ayerst, US, European Community, Leiden City Council, Leiden Univ, Royal Dutch Acad Sci, Royal Dutch Chem Soc, Royal Gist Brocades N V, Netherlands, Dutch Soc Biochem & Molec Biol ID GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; BETA-CAROTENE; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; CONNEXIN43 EXPRESSION; RETINOIC ACID; HUMAN SKIN; PROTEIN CONNEXIN-43; 10T1/2 CELLS; GROWTH; GENE AB There is abundant epidemiological evidence that consumption of dietary carotenoids reduces the risk of cancer, but it is unclear which of the more than 24 carotenoids, including 8 metabolites, found in human plasma is active. Here we provide evidence that 3 major dietary carotenoids, beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene, can increase connexin 43 gene expression in 10T1/2 cells and in human keratinocytes in organotypic culture. This activity is shared with all-trans retinoic acid and is limited to suprabasal cells as is expression of this gene in intact human skin. Furthermore, (3R, 3'R)-zeaxanthin and 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5 diol, metabolic derivatives found in human serum of lutein and lycopene respectively, exhibit greater activity than the parent compounds. We suggest that the conversion of dietary carotenoids to compounds which can increase gap junctional communication may play a role in the protective action of carotenoid-rich foods. C1 USDA,BARC E,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. RP King, TJ (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,CANC RES CTR HAWAII,1236 LAUHALA ST,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2135 EP 2140 DI 10.1351/pac199769102135 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YB877 UT WOS:A1997YB87700016 ER PT J AU Stout, JE Janowitz, GS AF Stout, JE Janowitz, GS TI Particle trajectories above sinusoidal terrain SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE deposition; gravity waves; orography AB As heavy particles fall towards windswept topography, their motion is governed partly by gravitational forces and partly by fluid forces resulting from the relative motion of the particles through the flow field. Topographically induced perturbations of the flow field distort particle paths and ultimately modify deposition patterns at the surface. Here, we calculate trajectories of particles falling toward a series of low-amplitude hills. Particle motion is obtained by simplifying the dynamical equations of particle motion to kinematic form and then applying perturbation techniques. This simplification is possible when the timescale of fluid motions is much longer than the characteristic response-time of the particles. It is shown that, under the right atmospheric conditions, alternating regions of convergent and divergent particle-paths will occur. An extension of the trajectory analysis yields expressions that predict the point of surface impact as functions of the initial release point. This leads to a method for predicting the point along the surface where deposition is either a maximum or a minimum. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROUTE 3,BLOCK 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 123 IS 543 BP 1829 EP 1840 PN A PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC800 UT WOS:A1997YC80000002 ER PT J AU King, J Zhang, ZY AF King, J Zhang, ZY TI SFE starting to make headway in food analysis SO R&D MAGAZINE LA English DT Article RP King, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0746-9179 J9 R&D MAG JI R D Mag. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 39 IS 11 BP CC EP & PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XZ155 UT WOS:A1997XZ15500012 ER PT J AU Garcia-Conesa, MT Plumb, GW Waldron, KW Ralph, J Williamson, G AF Garcia-Conesa, MT Plumb, GW Waldron, KW Ralph, J Williamson, G TI Ferulic acid dehydrodimers from wheat bran: isolation, purification and antioxidant properties of 8-O-4-diferulic acid SO REDOX REPORT LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; CELL-WALLS; DIFERULIC ACID; IDENTIFICATION; RADICALS; DIMERS AB Wheat bran contains several ester-linked dehydrodimers of ferulic acid, which were detected and quantified after sequential alkaline hydrolysis. The major dime rs released were: trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid (5-8-BendiFA), (Z)-beta-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxy-phenoxy}-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (8-O-4-diFA) and (E,E)-4,4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bicinnamic acid (5-5-diFA). trans-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)-6-melhoxy-1,2-dihydro-naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (8-8-diFA cyclic form) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-beta,beta'-bicinnamic acid (8-8-diFA non cyclic form) were not detected. One of the most abundant dimers, 8-O-4-diFA, was purified from de-starched wheat bran after alkaline hydrolysis and preparative HPLC. The resultant product was identical to the chemically synthesised 8-O-4-dimer by TLC and HPLC as confirmed by H-1-NMR and mass spectrometry. The absorption maxima and absorption coefficients for the synthetic compound in ethanol were: lambda(max): 323 nm, lambda(min): 258 nm, epsilon(lambda min) (M(-1)cm(-1)): 24800 +/- 2100 and epsilon(280) (M(-1)cm(-1)): 19700 +/- 1100. The antioxidant properties of 8-O-4-diFA were assessed using: (a) inhibition of ascorbate/iron-induced peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes and; (b) scavenging of the radical cation of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) relative to the water-soluble vitamin E analogue, Trolox C. The 8-O-4-diFA was a better antioxidant than ferulic acid in both lipid and aqueous phases. This is the first report of the antioxidant activity of a natural diferulate obtained from a plant. C1 Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Agr Res Serv, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI USA. RP Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. EM gary.williamson@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Waldron, Keith/C-7894-2009; Williamson, Gary/C-9684-2010; Garcia-Conesa, Maria-Teresa/N-4032-2014 OI Williamson, Gary/0000-0002-5624-6267; Garcia-Conesa, Maria-Teresa/0000-0002-4125-853X NR 20 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0002 EI 1743-2928 J9 REDOX REP JI Redox Rep. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 5-6 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 116QE UT WOS:000075735400011 PM 9754331 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Noriega, JR Cavazos, I Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Noriega, JR Cavazos, I Davis, MR TI A video system capable of simulating Landsat TM 5, 4, 3 imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE AB This article describes a multispectral digital video imaging system that produces imagery similar to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Bands 5, 4, 3. The system is comprised of two charge coupled device (CCD) analog video cameras, one tube analog; video camera, and a computer equipped with an image digitizing board. The two CCD came ms are sensitive to visible/near-infrared wavelengths and are equipped with visible red (0.625-0.635 mu m) and NIR (0.845-0.857 mu m) narrowband filters, respectively. The third camera is sensitive to visible/NIR/middle-infrared wavelengths (MIR) (0.40-2.20 mu m) and was equipped with an MIR (1.631-1.676 mu m) narrowband filter. The computer is a Bi-Link Pentium 90 MHz system that has an RGB image grabbing board with 640x480 pixel resolution. The MIR, NIR, and red image signals from the cameras are subjected to RGB inputs of the computer digitizing board, thus giving a false color composite digital image similar in color rendition to TM 5, 4, 3 satellite imagery. The computer hard disk can store 1000 false color composite images. Image results showed this system to have potential for a variety of remote sensing applications including detection of plant species and distinguishing among vegetation cover types. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00071-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XV029 UT WOS:A1997XV02900004 ER PT J AU Stout, JE Zobeck, TM AF Stout, JE Zobeck, TM TI Intermittent saltation SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB During a typical wind erosion event, large variations in wind strength produce temporal variations in saltation activity. The focus of this paper is on a special type of unsteady behaviour - intermittent saltation - a process characterized by bursts of blowing soil interspersed with periods of inactivity. We report here measurements from a field study designed to measure intermittent saltation during three separate 1-h periods. Our measurements show that natural wind erosion events consist of intermittent bursts of blowing soil often occupying a small fraction of the total time. We have managed to describe the level of intermittency by a simple and universal mathematical expression. We find that the level of intermittency is governed by whether typical wind fluctuations span the gap between the mean wind speed and threshold wind speed. We propose a nondimensional number which expresses the ratio of these velocity scales, called the relative wind strength, and find that the level of intermittency can be described by a simple distribution function of the relative wind strength. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 32 TC 120 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 44 IS 5 BP 959 EP 970 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-55.x PG 12 WC Geology SC Geology GA YA861 UT WOS:A1997YA86100009 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Peters, JG AF Welch, CM Peters, JG TI Malic acid as a nonformaldehyde DP finishing agent activated by BTCA and polymer additives SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; cotton; durable press; malic acid; polycarboxylic acids ID COTTON AB Hydroxysuccinic acid, better known as malic acid, is comparable to citric acid in availability, cost, and ecological acceptability. When activated by moderate amounts of butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), it can serve as a nonyellowing formaldehyde-free durable press (DP) finishing agent. The DP performance and durability to alkaline laundering were increased by a variety of polymeric additives, such as a polyacrylamide, a polyurethane, or a high-density emulsified polyethylene. With the latter polymer as fabric softener, the malic acid-BTCA treatment afforded DP fabrics equivalent in whiteness to conventionally finished fabric. Moreover, the breaking strength retention in treated fabric was markedly increased by some of the additives, while tearing strength retention remained the same. The beneficial effect of amides and of high-density polyethylene was also evident with a BTCA finishing treatment in the absence of malic acid. Since high-density polyethylenes are generally made emulsifiable by high temperature oxidation to introduce carboxyl, keto, and hydroxyl groups into the polymer chain, the possibility is considered that such modified polyethylenes may be crosslinked or grafted to cotton cellulose under the conditions of malic acid-BTCA finishing. RP Welch, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 10 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA YB038 UT WOS:A1997YB03800006 ER PT J AU Diwan, N Cregan, PB AF Diwan, N Cregan, PB TI Automated sizing of fluorescent-labeled Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to assay genetic variation in soybean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; microsatellites; plant variety protection; mutation rate ID SHORT TANDEM REPEATS; LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; HUMAN GENOME; DNA MARKERS; LOCI; ASSIGNMENT; POPULATION AB Simple Sequence Repeat; (SSR) allele sizing provides a useful tool for genotype identification, pedigree analysis, and for estimating genetic distance between organisms. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars are identified for Plant Variety Protection (PVP) purposes by standard pigmentation and morphological traits. However, many commercial soybeans arise from a limited number of elite lines and are often indistinguishable based on these traits. A system based on SSR markers would provide unique DNA profiles of cultivars. Fluorescent labeling of alleles combined with automated sizing with internal size standards in each gel lane was used as an alternative to standard [P-32] labeling to assess genetic variability in soybean. Allelic frequencies at 20 SSR loci were determined in 35 soybean genotypes that account for greater than 95% of the alleles in North American soybean cultivars based upon pedigree analysis. An average of 10.1 alleles per locus (range: 5-17), with a mean gene diversity of 0.80 (range: 0.50 to 0.87) were observed at the 20 SSR loci. The 20 loci successfully distinguished modern soybean cultivars that are identical for morphological and pigmentation traits, as well as 7 soybean genotypes reported to be indistinguishable using 17 RFLP probes. Pedigrees of 7 cultivars were studied to estimate stability of SSRs in soybean across generations. Of the 7 pedigrees 6 had one locus in the progeny with an allele(s) that was not present in either parent. These new alleles are most likely the result of mutation. The mutation rate of SSR alleles in soybean was similar to that reported in humans. To avoid difficulty associated with mutation, DNA fingerprint data should be determined from the bulk of 30-50 plants of a cultivar. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 50 TC 142 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 723 EP 733 DI 10.1007/s001220050618 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500001 ER PT J AU Bommineni, VR Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS Chibbar, RN Almouslem, AB AF Bommineni, VR Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS Chibbar, RN Almouslem, AB TI Analysis of hybrids of durum wheat with Thinopyrum junceiforme using RAPD markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE alien gene transfer; intergeneric hybrids; molecular markers; Thinopyrum; Triticum turgidum ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS; DNA AB The objective of this study was to detect the presence of alien chromatin in intergeneric hybrids of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) with the perennial grass Thinopyrum junceiforme (2n = 4x = 28; J(1)J(1)J(2)J(2)) using RAPD markers. The first step was to identify amplification of species-specific DNA markers in the parental grass species and durum wheat cultivars. Initially, the genomic DNA of five grass species (Thinopyrum junceiforme, Th. bessarabicum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Leymus karataviensis and Elytrigia pycnantha) and selected durum cultivars ('Langdon','Durox', 'Lloyd','Monroe', and 'Medora') was screened with 40 oligonucleotide primers (nano-mers). Three oligonucleotides that amplified DNA fragments specific to a grass species or to a durum cultivar were identified. Primer PR21 amplified DNA fragments specific to each of the five durum cultivars, and primers PR22 and PR23 amplified fragments specific to each of the grass species. Intergeneric hybrids between the durum cultivars 'Langdon', 'Lloyd' and 'Durox' and Th. junceiforme, and their backcross (BC) progeny were screened with all 40 primers. Six primers amplified parent-specific DNA fragments in the F-1 hybrids and their BC1 progeny. Three primers, PR22, PR23 and PR41, that amplified Th. junceiforme DNA fragments in both F-1 and BC1 were further analyzed. The presence of an amplified 1.7-kb Th. junceiforme DNA fragment in the F-1 hybrids and BC1 progeny was confirmed using Southern analysis by hybridization with both Th. junceiforme genomic DNA and Th. junceiforme DNA amplified with primer PR41. With the exception of line BC1F2 no. 5, five selfed progeny of BC1 and a BC2 of line 3 (BC1F2 no. 3 x 'Lloyd') from a cross of 'Lloyd' x Th. junceiforme showed the presence of the 1.7-kb DNA fragment. All selfed BC1 and BC2 lines retained the 600-bp fragment that was confirmed after hybridization with Th. junceiforme me DNA amplified with primer PR22. Other experiments using RFLP markers also showed the presence of up to seven Th. junceiforme DNA fragments in the F-1 hybrids and their BC progeny after hybridization with Th. junceiforme DNA amplified with primer PR41. These studies show the usefulness of molecular markers in detecting alien chromatin/DNA fragments in intergeneric hybrids with durum wheat. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W9,CANADA. RI Chibbar, Ravindra/A-4787-2008 OI Chibbar, Ravindra/0000-0002-2282-5236 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1007/s001220050622 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500005 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Ugarte, ML Skroch, PW AF Spooner, DM Ugarte, ML Skroch, PW TI Species boundaries and interrelationships of two closely related sympatric diploid wild potato species, Solanum astleyi and S-boliviense, based on RAPDs SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; UPGMA; RAPD; section Petota; taxonomy ID POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; SECT PETOTA; SERIES MEGISTACROLOBA; CULTIVATED POTATO; TUBEROSUM; GERMPLASM; BREVIDENS; IDENTIFICATION; REEXAMINATION AB The more than 200 wild and cultivated species relatives of potato (Solanum sect. Petota) present a valuable germplasm base for cultivar improvement. However, species boundaries and interrelationships within sect. Petota are controversial, inhibiting the efficient organization of the many germplasm collections of these species, One controversy involves questions of species boundaries and interrelationships of S. astleyi and S. boliviense. Solanum boliviense is narrowly endemic to two Departments in southern Bolivia, and S. astleyi is known only from one site entirely within the range of this species, where they co-occur. Both species are diploid and morphologically very similar. Artificial hybrids between them are fully fertile, and the species putatively hybridize naturally. These data have been interpreted to designate them as separate species or as S. astleyi an ecotype of S. boliviense. Putative progenitors of S. astleyi are S. boliviense, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, and S. megistacrolobum subsp. toralapanum. We evaluated interrelationships among these species with random amplified polymorphic DNA's (RAPDs) generated for 2 accessions of S. astleyi and 14 accessions of S. boliviense. These represent the entire geographic range of the former species and nearly the entire range of the latter. We also analyzed 1 accession each of S. acaule subsp. acaule, S. acaule subsp, aemulans, S. albicans, S. berthaultii, S. megistacrolobum subsp, megistacrolobum, S. megistacrolobum subsp. toralapanum, S. raphanifolium, S. sogarandinum, and S. sparsipilum. Phenetic analyses of the RAPD data show S. astleyi and S. boliviense to form two distinct groups and to be more similar to each other than to any of the other species investigated, suggesting that S. astleyi and S. boliviense are sister taxa, The divergence of S. astleyi and S. boliviense relative to other species examined suggests that they are worthy of taxonomic recognition at the subspecies, rather than species level, and we propose the new combination S. boliviense subsp, astleyi. C1 INST BOLIVIANO TECNOL AGROPECUARIA PROYECTO INVES,PROINPA,COCHIBAMBA,BOLIVIA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 764 EP 771 DI 10.1007/s001220050623 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500006 ER PT J AU Milach, SCK Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Milach, SCK Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Molecular genetic mapping of dwarfing genes in oat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; dwarfing genes; RFLP; RFLP mapping; bulked segregant analysis ID POTATO CYST-NEMATODE; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; RFLP MARKERS; LINKAGE MAPS; AFLP; PALLIDA; TOMATO; LOCALIZATION; PATHOTYPES AB Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis provides a valuable tool for characterizing and understanding relationships among genes for useful traits in crop species, particularly in ones with complex genomes such as the hexaploid cultivated oat Avena sativa L. (2n = 6x = 42). Using Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and Fz RFLP linkage data, we mapped three dominant oat dwarfing loci to different regions of the oat genome. Dw6, in oat line OT207, is 3.3 +/- 1.3 cM from the Xumn145B locus, which has not been placed on the hexaploid oat linkage map. Dw7, in line NC2469-3, is 4.3 +/- 2.3 cM from Xcdo1437B and 33 +/- 4.1 cM from Xcdo708B. This places Dw7 to linkage group 22. Dw8, in the Japanese lines AV17/3/10 and AV18/2/4, mapped 4.9 +/- 2.2 cM from Xcdo1319A in an AV17/3/10 x 'Kanota' F-2 population and 6.6 +/- 2.6 cM from it in an AV18/2/4 x 'Kanota' population. This places' Dw8 to linkage group 3. Aneuploid analysis of markers linked to the dwarfing genes located Dw6 on the smallest oat chromosome (chromosome 18) and Dw7 on the longest satellited chromosome (chromosome 19). The RFLP markers closely linked to the three dwarfing genes identify distinct regions of the oat genome that contribute to plant height and they should be useful in characterizing new genetic sources of dwarfness in oat. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOL GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s001220050626 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500009 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Thomas, CE Dean, RA AF Wang, YH Thomas, CE Dean, RA TI A genetic map of melon (Cucumis melo L.) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE melon; Cucumis melo L.; genetic mapping; AFLP; RAPD; microsatellite; DNA markers ID MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LINE MR-1; RAPD; IDENTIFICATION; RFLP; INHERITANCE; DIVERSITY; ISOZYME AB Genetic maps facilitate the study of genome structure and evolution, and the identification of monogenic traits or Mendelian components of quantitative traits. We evaluated 228 RAPD, microsatellite and AFLP markers for linkage analysis in melon (Cucumis melo L.) varieties MR-1 (resistant to Fusarium wilt, powdery and downy mildews) and Ananas Yokneum (AY; susceptible to these diseases) and constructed a detailed genetic map. The mapping population consisted of 66 backcross progenies derived from AY x (MR-1 x AY). Despite a relatively low level of polymorphism in the species, AFLP markers were found to be more efficient in mapping the melon genome than RAPD or microsatellite markers. The map contains 197 AFLPs, six RAPDs and one microsatellite marker assigned to 14 major and six minor linkage groups, and covers 1942 cM with the average distance between adjacent markers of approximately 10 cM. The maximum distance allowed between markers is 27.5 cM. About 11% of the intervals (20 out of 173) are over 20 cM (but less than 27.5 cM). The map has immediate utility for identifying markers linked to disease resistance genes that are suitable for marker-assisted breeding. The use of microsatellite markers for integration with other maps is also discussed. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USDA ARS,US VEGETALE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. NR 34 TC 104 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s001220050627 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500010 ER PT J AU Giroux, MJ Morris, CF AF Giroux, MJ Morris, CF TI A glycine to serine change in puroindoline b is associated with wheat grain hardness and low levels of starch-surface friabilin SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum L; puroindoline; friabilin; wheat grain hardness ID ENDOSPERM SOFTNESS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; KERNEL HARDNESS; GRANULE PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; TEXTURE; SEED AB The quantitative level of friabilin 15-kDa protein present on the surface of water-washed starch is highly correlated with wheat grain softness. Friabilin is composed primarily, if not exclusively, of the proteins puroindoline a and b. The transcript levels of these two proteins are similar among hard and soft wheat varieties, and the expression of both is controlled by the short arm of chromosome 5D, also the chromosomal location of the Hardness gene. We report here a glycine to serine sequence change in puroindoline b associated with hard grain texture. This amino acid change results from a single nucleotide mutation and resides in a region thought to be important for the lipid-binding properties of puroindolines. No recombination was observed between the serine puroindoline-b mutation, hard grain texture and low levels of starch surface friabilin among a set of 83 homozygous 5D recombinant lines derived from the soft-textured variety 'Chinese Spring' and the substitution line 'Chinese Spring' containing the 5D chromosome of the hard-textured variety 'Cheyenne'. The sequence change reported here may adversely affect the lipid-binding properties of puroindoline-b and so effect hard grain texture. The results suggest that grain hardness results from puroindoline-b functionality such that the Hardness gene is a direct manifestation of puroindoline structure. We are suggesting the tentative molecular marker loci designations of Pinb-D1a and Pinb-D1b for the glycine and serine puroindoline-b types, respectively. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR FACIL E E202,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010 NR 39 TC 223 Z9 266 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s001220050636 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500019 ER PT J AU Han, F Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A Jones, BL Hayes, PM Wesenberg, DM AF Han, F Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A Jones, BL Hayes, PM Wesenberg, DM TI Fine structure mapping of the barley chromosome-1 centromere region containing malting-quality QTLs SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fine mapping; additive effects; marker assisted backcrossing; isogenic lines ID GENOME; LOCI AB Current techniques for quantitative trait locus (QTLs) analyses provide only approximate locations of QTLs on chromosomes. Further resolution of identified QTL regions is often required for detailed characterization. An important region containing malting-quality QTLs on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 1 was identified by previous QTL analyses in a Steptoe x Morex cross. This region contains two putative adjacent overlapping QTLs, each of which has effects on malt-extract percentage, a-amylase activity, diastatic power, and malt beta-glucan content. All favorable alleles for these traits are attributed to Morex. The objective of the present study was fine structure mapping of this complex QTL region to elucidate whether these two putative overlapping QTLs are really one QTL. Another question was whether the apparently overlapping QTLs are due to the pleiotropic effects of a single gene, or the independent effects of several genes. A high-resolution map in the target region was developed which spans approximately 27 cM. Molecular-marker-assisted backcrossing was employed to create isogenic lines with a Steptoe background differing only in the region containing the QTLs of interest. A total of 32 different recombinants were identified, of which eight most-informative isogenic lines plus one reconstructed Steptoe control were selected for field testing. The additive effects on malt-extract percentage, alpha-amylase activity, diastatic power, and malt beta-glucan content from eight isogenic lines were calculated based on malting data from three locations. By comparing the significant additive effects among isogenic lines carrying different Morex fragments, two QTLs each for malt extract and for alpha-amylase, and two to three for diastatic power were identified in certain environments and resolved into 1-8-cM genome fragments. There was a significant QTL x environment interaction for diastatic power, and there are indications that epistatic interactions for malt beta-glucan content occur between the QTLs on chromosome 1 and QTLs on. other chromosomes. C1 USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP Han, F (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1007/s001220050641 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500024 ER PT J AU Sharon, D Cregan, PB Mhameed, S Kusharska, M Hillel, J Lahav, E Lavi, U AF Sharon, D Cregan, PB Mhameed, S Kusharska, M Hillel, J Lahav, E Lavi, U TI An integrated genetic linkage map of avocado SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE linkage groups; mendelian inheritance; microsatellites; minisatellites; simple sequence repeats; variable number of tandem repeats ID SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; HUMAN GENOME; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS; MICROSATELLITE; MARKERS; CONSTRUCTION; ABUNDANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ISOZYMES AB An avocado genomic library was screened with various microsatellite repeats. (A/T)(n) and (TC/AG)(n) sequences were found to be the most frequent repeats. One hundred and seventy-two positive clones were sequenced successfully of which 113 were found to contain simple sequence repeats (SSR). Polymerase chain reaction primers were designed to the regions flanking the SSR in 62 clones. A GenBank search of avocado DNA sequences revealed 1 sequence containing a (CT)(10) repeat. A total of 92 avocado-specific SSR markers were screened for polymorphism using 50 offspring of a cross between the avocado cultivars 'Pinkerton' and 'Ettinger'. Both are standard avocado cultivars which are normally outcrossed and highly heterozygous. Fifty polymorphic SSR loci, 17 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 23 minisatellite DNA Fingerprint (DFP) bands were used to construct the avocado genetic map. The resulting data were analyzed with various mapping programs in order to assess which program best accommodated data from progeny of heterozygous parents. The analyses resulted in 12 linkage groups with 34 markers (25 SSRs, 3 RAPDs and 6 DFP bands) covering 352.6 cM. This initial map can serve as a basis for developing a detailed genomic map and for detection of linkage between markers and quantitative trait loci. C1 AGR RES ORG,DEPT FRUIT TREES GENET & BREEDING,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SILESIAN UNIV,DEPT GENET,PL-40032 KATOWICE,POLAND. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RI Sharon, Dror/P-4539-2015 OI Sharon, Dror/0000-0002-1789-5811 NR 51 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 911 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s001220050642 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500025 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Bebeli, PJ Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP AF Zhou, Z Bebeli, PJ Somers, DJ Gustafson, JP TI Direct amplification of minisatellite-region DNA with VNTR core sequences in the genus Oryza SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Oryza; rice; PCR; DNA fingerprinting; minisatellite ID VARIABLE NUMBER; MARKERS; PCR; POLYMORPHISMS; SIMILARITY; POLYMERASE; PRODUCTS; PRIMERS; TOMATO; PROBES AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application, involving the directed amplification of minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD) with several minisatellite core sequences as primers, was used to detect genetic variation in 17 species of the genus Qryza and several rice cultivars (O. sativa L.). The electrophoretic analysis of DAMD-PCR products showed high levels of variation between different species and little variation between different cultivars of O. sativa. Polymorphisms were also found between accessions within a species, and between individual plants within an accession of several wild species. The DAMD-PCR yielded genome-specifie banding patterns for the species studied. Several DAMD-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned and characterized, One clone was capable of detecting multiple fragments and revealed individual-specific hybridization banding patterns using genomic DNA from wild species as well as rice cultivars. A second clone detected only a single polymorphic locus, while a third clone expressed a strong genome specificity by Southern analysis. The results demonstrated that DAMD-PCR is potentially useful for species and genome identification in Oryza. The DAMD-PCR technique also allows for the isolation of informative molecular probes to be utilized in DNA fingerprinting and genome identification in rice. C1 UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ATHENS,GREECE. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,RES CTR,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0X2,CANADA. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5-6 BP 942 EP 949 DI 10.1007/s001220050645 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA YF715 UT WOS:A1997YF71500028 ER PT J AU Vygodskaya, NN Milyukova, I Varlagin, A Tatarinov, F Sogachev, A Kobak, KI Desyatkin, R Bauer, G Hollinger, DY Kelliher, FM Schulze, ED AF Vygodskaya, NN Milyukova, I Varlagin, A Tatarinov, F Sogachev, A Kobak, KI Desyatkin, R Bauer, G Hollinger, DY Kelliher, FM Schulze, ED TI Leaf conductance and CO2 assimilation of Larix gmelinii growing in an eastern Siberian boreal forest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy CO2 assimilation; eastern Siberia; leaf CO2 assimilation; transpiration; Vaccinium ID CARBON GAIN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; CONIFERS; HUMIDITY; BIOMASS; PLANTS; STANDS AB In July 1993, we measured leaf conductance, carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation, and transpiration in a Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr, ex Kuzen forest in eastern Siberia. At the CO2 concentration of ambient air, maximum values (mean of 10 highest measured values) for CO2 assimilation, transpiration and leaf conductance for water vapor were 10.1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), 3.9 mmol m(-2) s(-1) and 365 mmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The corresponding mean values, which were much lower than the maximum values, were 2.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), 1.0 mmol m(-2) s(-1) and 56 mmol m(-2) s(-1). The mean values were similar to those of Vaccinium species in the herb layer. The large differences between maximum and actual performance were the result of structural and physiological variations within the tree crowns and between trees that reduced maximum assimilation and leaf conductance by about 40 and 60%, respectively. Thus, maximum assimilation and conductance values averaged over the canopy were 6.1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) and 146 mmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. Dry air caused stomatal closure, which reduced assimilation by an additional 26%. Low irradiances in the morning and evening had a minor effect (-6%). Daily canopy transpiration was estimated to be 1.45 mm day(-1), which is higher than the value of 0.94 mm day(-1) measured by eddy covariance, but similar to the value of 1.45 mm day(-1) calculated from the energy balance and soil evaporation, and less than the value of 2.1 mm day(-1) measured by xylem flux. Daytime canopy carbon assimilation, expressed on a ground area basis, was 0.217 mol m(-2) day(-1), which is higher than the value measured by eddy flux (0.162 mol m(-2) day(-1) including soil respiration). We discuss the regulation of leaf gas exchange in Larix under the extreme climatic conditions of eastern Siberia (temperature > 35 degrees C and vapor pressure deficit > 5.0 kPa). C1 UNIV BAYREUTH,D-95440 BAYREUTH,GERMANY. STATE HYDROL INST,ST PETERSBURG 199053,RUSSIA. SDRAS,YAKUTSK INST BIOL,YAKUTSK,RUSSIA. US FOREST SERV,USDA,DURHAM,NH 03824. LANDCARE RES,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SEVERTSOV INST ECOL & EVOLUT,MOSCOW 117071,RUSSIA. RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef/K-9627-2014; OI Sogachev, Andrey/0000-0001-6683-695X NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 10 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XX425 UT WOS:A1997XX42500001 ER PT J AU Schumaker, MA Bassman, JH Robberecht, R Radamaker, GK AF Schumaker, MA Bassman, JH Robberecht, R Radamaker, GK TI Growth, leaf anatomy, and physiology of Populus clones in response to solar ultraviolet-B radiation SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass accumulation; chlorophyll content; dark respiration; deciduous trees; diameter; height; leaf anatomical development; light harvesting; net photosynthesis; photosystem II; Populus trichocarpa; Populus trichocarpa x P-deltoides; stomatal conductance; transpiration; UV-B radiation-absorbing compounds ID LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA HAMAMELIDACEAE; MESOPHYLL CELL PROTOPLASTS; ALPINE LIFE ZONE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CROP PLANTS; 280-320 NM; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AB We compared the physiological and morphological responses of rooted cuttings of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray and P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. grown in either near-ambient solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-320 nm) radiation (cellulose diacetate film) or subambient UV-B radiation (polyester film) for one growing season. Midday biologically effective UV-B radiation was 120.6 and 1.6 mJ m(-2) s(-1) under the cellulose diacetate and polyester films, respectively. Gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll, light harvesting efficiency of photosystem II, and foliar UV-B radiation-absorbing compounds (i.e., flavonoid derivatives) were measured in expanding (leaf plastochron index (LPI) 5), nearly expanded (LPI 10), and fully expanded mature (LPI 15) leaves of intact plants of plastochron index 30 to 35. Plants were then harvested and height, diameter, biomass allocation and leaf anatomical attributes determined. Net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were significantly greater in mature leaves exposed to subambient UV-B radiation than in mature leaves exposed to near-ambient UV-B radiation. Concentrations of UV-B radiation-absorbing compounds (measured as absorbance of methanol-extracts at 300 nm) were significantly greater in mature leaves exposed to near-ambient UV-B radiation than in mature leaves exposed to subambient UV-B radiation. The UV-B radiation treatments had no effects on chlorophyll content or intrinsic light harvesting efficiency of photosystem II. Height, diameter, and biomass were not significantly affected by UV-B radiation regime in either clone. Leaf anatomical development was unaffected by UV-B radiation treatment in P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides. For P. trichocarpa, leaf anatomical development was complete by LPI 10 in the near-ambient UV-B radiation treatment, but continued through to LPI 15 in the subambient UV-B radiation treatment. Mature leaves of P. trichocarpa were thicker in the subambient UV-B radiation treatment than in the near-ambient UV-B radiation treament as a result of greater development of palisade parenchyma tissue. We conclude that exposure to near-ambient UV-B radiation for one growing season caused shifts in carbon allocation from leaf development to other pools, probably including but not limited to, UV-B absorbing compounds. This reallocation curtailed leaf development and reduced photosynthetic capacity of the plants compared with those in the subambient UV-B radiation treatment and may affect growth over longer periods of exposure. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT RANGE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83844. NR 85 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 10 BP 617 EP 626 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XX425 UT WOS:A1997XX42500002 ER PT J AU Gottstein, B Pozio, E Connolly, B Gamble, HR Eckert, J Jakob, HP AF Gottstein, B Pozio, E Connolly, B Gamble, HR Eckert, J Jakob, HP TI Epidemiological investigation of trichinellosis in Switzerland SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella; pig nematoda; wildlife; ELISA; Switzerland ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EXCRETORY SECRETORY ANTIGENS; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; ELISA; INFECTIONS; SPIRALIS; PIGS AB Domestic pigs in Switzerland have been considered Trichinella-free for decades, despite the occurrence of Trichinella in the wildlife cycle. In order to reevaluate the present epidemiological situation, tissue samples from 11226 domestic pigs, 356 wild boars and 452 foxes were examined using the standard artificial digestion method. A simultaneous serological study, extended to include 25239 sera from sows provided by a Swiss pig serum bank, was also undertaken. The results of both studies support the conclusion that Trichinella spp. do not occur within the domestic pig population in Switzerland. Among the fox population, Trichinella was detected in four (0.9%) of the animals tested using the digestion method and Trichinella britovi was identified as the infecting species by RAPD fingerprint analyses. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IST SUPER SANITA,PARASITOL LAB,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. USDA ARS,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV ZURICH,INST PARASITOL,CH-8057 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. SWISS FED VET OFF,CH-3097 LIEBEFELD,SWITZERLAND. RP Gottstein, B (reprint author), UNIV BERN,INST PARASITOL,LANGGASS STR 122,CH-3001 BERN,SWITZERLAND. OI Connolly, Bernadette/0000-0001-8195-7880 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00023-X PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA YG590 UT WOS:A1997YG59000010 PM 9404846 ER PT J AU Garcia, M Suarez, DL Crawford, JM Latimer, JW Slemons, RD Swayne, DE Perdue, ML AF Garcia, M Suarez, DL Crawford, JM Latimer, JW Slemons, RD Swayne, DE Perdue, ML TI Evolution of H5 subtype avian influenza A viruses in North America SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; hemagglutinin protein; non-structural protein; viral evolution ID CLEAVAGE SITE SEQUENCE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; A-VIRUSES; ATLANTIC FLYWAY; HEMAGGLUTININ; PATHOGENICITY; EMERGENCE; DUCKS; GENE; PARAMYXOVIRUSES AB The phylogenetic relationships of the hemagglutinin (HA) and non-structural (NS) genes from avian influenza (AI) H5 subtype viruses of North American origin are presented. Analysis of the HA genes of several previously uncharacterized isolates from waterfowl and turkeys provided clear evidence of significant sequence variation and existence of multiple virus clades or sub-lineages, maintained in migratory waterfowl. Phylogenetic analysis of NS gene sequences further demonstrated multiple sub-lineages and also demonstrated re-assortment of two NS alleles in wild duck populations. Based on currently available HA, gene sequences, at least four clades exist with waterfowl isolates included in three of the four groups. The most genetically unstable of these sub-lineages is composed of recent poultry isolates from the outbreak of AI in Central Mexico. This group of viruses, which replicated unabated in chickens for at least 16 months, exhibited an increased rate of mutation in both the HA and NS gene. Comparison of the HA, sequence data for all available North American H5 subtype viruses demonstrated minimal variation both in and around the amino acids predicted to be involved in the HA receptor binding site. The sequences also revealed that migratory waterfowl, live poultry market chicken, and turkey isolates uniformly lack a glycosylation site at amino acid 236 in the HA protein which is present in commercial chicken isolates. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00087-7 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA YG154 UT WOS:A1997YG15400002 PM 9498610 ER PT J AU Debaeke, P Caussanel, JP Kiniry, JR Kafiz, B Mondragon, G AF Debaeke, P Caussanel, JP Kiniry, JR Kafiz, B Mondragon, G TI Modelling crop:weed interactions in wheat with ALMANAC SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION-MODEL; USE EFFICIENCY; COMPETITION; GROWTH; YIELD; NITROGEN; THRESHOLDS; DENSITY; BARLEY; LIGHT AB ALMANAC is a dynamic model for plant growth, water balance and soil nitrogen dynamics that can simulate on a daily basis two or more competing species. The simulation of competition for light is based on Beer's law, allowing a different extinction coefficient (k) for each species. Light is partitioned between species based on k-values, leaf area index and plant heights. Total biomass is simulated with radiation use efficiency and grain yield with a harvest index approach, sensitive to water stress. The model simulates competition for water and nutrients based on each species' current rooting zone and demand by each species. The effect of crop management on the competition issue can be simulated. The model was evaluated in Dijon (France) using 4 years of experimental data on wheat:oat mixtures, differing in oat (Avena saliva L.) densities, the period of oat emergence, the date of weed suppression by herbicides and the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype. Additional data on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and vetch (Vicia saliva L.) competition in spring wheat were also used. The wheat grain yield was reasonably simulated with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.10-0.35 t ha(-1). Corresponding values for oats were 0.10-0.55 t ha(-1). The competitiveness of oats, oilseed rape and vetch was correctly simulated. The model appears as a reasonable tool for estimating damage thresholds in integrated weed control programmes. C1 INRA,MALHERBOL LAB,F-21034 DIJON,FRANCE. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Debaeke, P (reprint author), INRA,STN AGRON,BP 27,F-31326 CASTANET TOLOSAN,FRANCE. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 325 EP 341 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-55.x PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YF341 UT WOS:A1997YF34100004 ER PT J AU Richard, EP AF Richard, EP TI Effects of fallow bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) control programs on newly planted sugarcane (Saccharum spp hybrids) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; glyphosate N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; imazapyr +/-)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3 -pyridinecarboxylic acid; metribuzin 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; sulfometuron 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; bermudagrass; Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers #(3) CYNDA; sugarcane; a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp 'CP 70-321' and 'CP 74-383'; allelopathy; atrazine; glyphosate; imazapyr; metribuzin; sulfometuron; CYNDA ID ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS INTERFERENCE; YIELD AB Field experiments were conducted in Louisiana to evaluate the effectiveness of tillage, tillage plus herbicide, and herbicide-only fallow programs in controlling bermudagrass. Tillage of fallow fields three times at 3- to 4-wk intervals between row formation in late May and planting in late September or early October reduced bermudagrass infestations in the newly planted crop in December 44 to 51%. When the final tillage operation was replaced by glyphosate postemergence at either 2.24 or 3.36 kg ai/ha in late August, bermudagrass infestation level in December on the surface of the newly planted rows was reduced to below 20%. Two applications of glyphosate at 3.36 kg/ha were more effective than tillage only and as effective as tillage twice followed by glyphosate in reducing bermudagrass infestation levels in the newly planted crop. Application of atrazine at 3.36 kg ai/ha, imazapyr at 0.68 kg ai/ha, metribuzin at 1.68 kg ai/ha, or sulfometuron at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha to newly formed rows in late May of the fallow period did not reduce the need for tillage or an application of glyphosate during the fallow period to control bermudagrass, but imazapyr at 1.12 kg/ha did. Sugarcane shoot populations in December of the fallow year were similar for the treatment programs despite differences in bermudagrass infestation levels, which ranged from 11 to 94%. However, sugarcane stalk number and height and sane and sugar yield in the plant-cane crop the following year were highest when glyphosate was applied to bermudagrass as two applications either alone or following the application of atrazine or metribuzin, when tillage was followed with one application of glyphosate, and in 1 yr when imazapyr alone was applied to newly formed rows. RP Richard, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 677 EP 682 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200008 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK DeRegt, MQ Tucker, CS Duke, SO AF Schrader, KK DeRegt, MQ Tucker, CS Duke, SO TI A rapid bioassay for selective algicides SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrazine 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; diuron N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea; endothall 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; fluridone 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone; paraquat 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion; aquatic weed control; Cyanobacteria; blue-green algae; atrazine; diuron; endothall; fluridone; 2-methylisoborneol; paraquat; Oscillatoria cf chalybea; Selenastrum capricornatum ID MISSISSIPPI CATFISH PONDS; POPULATION-GROWTH; GREEN-ALGAE; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CYANOBACTERIA; GEOSMIN AB Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are undesirable In ponds used to raise fish for human food. Management of cyanobacterial communities in aquaculture ponds has been hindered by the small number of herbicides approved for use in food-fish ponds and by the lack of selectivity toward cyanobacteria for those herbicides that are approved for that use. To facilitate development of additional management options, a rapid bioassay utilizing 96-well cell culture plates was developed for screening herbicides and other phytotoxins for selective toxicity toward cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria cf. chalybea and Selenastrum capricornutum were chosen as representatives of cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta) and green algae (Chlorophyta), respectively, In the bioassay, wells of the cell culture plates were inoculated with cyanobacterial or unialgal culture, One of five herbicides (atrazine, diuron, endothall, fluridone, or paraquat) was then added to the wells at various concentrations, and absorbance (650 nm) was measured at 24-h intervals. Growth of treated cultures relative to untreated cultures was used to determine relative toxicity of the herbicide to the two organisms, Paraquat was the most selective of the herbicides tested and was over 10-fold more toxic to O. cf. chalybea than to S. capricornutum. This method was demonstrated to be a rapid, effective, and highly reproducible-bioassay to identify selective algicides. C1 ARS,USDA,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), DELTA RES & EXTENS CTR,SO REG AQUACULTURE CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 767 EP 774 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200025 ER PT J AU AlKhatib, K Libbey, C Kadir, S Boydston, R AF AlKhatib, K Libbey, C Kadir, S Boydston, R TI Differential varietal response of green pea (Pisum sativum) to metribuzin SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metribuzin; 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; green pea; Pisum sativum L; chlorophyll fluorescence; crop tolerance; herbicide phytotoxicity; soil moisture; temperature ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; HERBICIDE BIOASSAY; TOLERANCE; METABOLISM; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; ABSORPTION; TOMATO AB Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated the differential response of 15 green pea varieties to metribuzin applied preemergence. 'Charo,' 'CMG 298,' 'Leah,' 'Scout,' and 'Puget' were the most tolerant, whereas 'Bolero' and 'Sundance' were the most susceptible varieties under greenhouse conditions. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (F-v), efficiency of photosystem II (F-v/F-max), and leaf area were reduced sharply by metribuzin in susceptible varieties, and metribuzin susceptibility correlated highly with the reduction in shoot dry weight. Green pea varieties grown under field conditions responded to metribuzin similarly to pea varieties grown under greenhouse conditions. Metribuzin reduced shoot dry weight more in peas grown at 30/25 C than in those grown at 25/20 and 20/15 C. Also, metribuzin injured peas more when grown in soil saturated to field capacity compared to soil at 70 and 40% of field capacity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NW RES EXTENS CTR,MT VERNON,WA 98273. AGR RES SERV,USDA,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP AlKhatib, K (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 775 EP 781 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200026 ER PT J AU Lym, RG Tober, DA AF Lym, RG Tober, DA TI Competitive grasses for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) reduction SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smooth brome; Bromus inermis Leyss; western wheatgrass; Pascopyron smithii (Rydb) A Love; Russian wildrye and Dahurian wildrye; Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch) Nevski; Dahurian wildrye; Elymus dahuricus Turcz; intermediate and pubescent wheatgrass; Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski; leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula L #(3) EPHES; rangeland weed control; integrated plant management; cultural control; integrated control AB Twelve grass genotypes were evaluated for competitiveness with leafy spurge and herbage yield in two sites in North Dakota. 'Rebound' smooth brome, 'Rodan' western wheatgrass, 'Bozoisky' Russian wildrye, and 'Arthur' Dahurian wildrye reduced leafy spurge stem density an average of 63% after 3 yr in a silty clay soil at Fargo. 'Reliant' intermediate wheatgrass reduced leafy spurge stem density every year for 3 yr, including an 85% reduction the second year after planting, and consistently produced high herbage yields. Rebound smooth brome and Reliant intermediate wheatgrass averaged 72% leafy spurge reduction 3 yr after seeding in a loamy sand soil at Jamestown. Reliant intermediate wheatgrass and 'Manska' pubescent wheatgrass provided the most consistent herbage production, which averaged about 2,000 kg/ha annually for 3 yr. C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,BISMARCK,ND 58504. RP Lym, RG (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 787 EP 792 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200028 ER PT J AU Birdsall, JL Quimby, PC Rees, NE Svejcar, TJ Sowell, BF AF Birdsall, JL Quimby, PC Rees, NE Svejcar, TJ Sowell, BF TI Image analysis of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) cover SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula L #(3) EPHES; plant measurements; plant sampling ID VIDEO AB We examined whether image analysis could separate leafy spurge from other plant species and objects by comparing: image analysis to the ocular method of estimating cover. Image analysis was acceptably precise al low and medium cover levels. Image analysis was as repeatable as the ocular method at all sites and cover revels and acceptably reliable at low and medium cover levels but estimated cover lower by 12 to 22% than the ocular method at high cover levels. The average error levels of image analysis and the ocular method did not differ. Estimating leafy spurge cover with a 10% error required only 20 quadrats when image analysis was used, while twice as many quadrats were needed when cover was measured ocularly. Image analysis was recommended as a measurement tool because quantification was efficient, the equipment is inexpensive, and the color prints provide a permanent photo record of the study. C1 ARS,USDA,SIDNEY,MT 59270. ARS,USDA,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP Birdsall, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 798 EP 803 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200030 ER PT J AU Czapar, GF Curry, MP Wax, LM AF Czapar, GF Curry, MP Wax, LM TI Grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management in Illinois SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE economic thresholds; integrated pest management ID INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; COMPONENT AB Although economic thresholds are often used to make insect control decisions, the use of thresholds for weed management has been limited. Surveys of growers, agricultural chemical dealers, and farm managers/rural appraisers helped identify limitations to grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management. Most growers were concerned about harvest problems due to weeds, with 64% identifying this factor as a major limitation. Landlord perception and weed seed production were identified by 38% of the growers as major limitations, while 36% of the growers listed general appearance of the field as reasons. In contrast, 75% of the agricultural chemical dealers and 63% of the farm managers surveyed listed field appearance as a major reason limiting grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management. Since grower concerns involve risk management and future profitability, economic weed thresholds that address long-term costs and benefits of weed control decisions may be more fully accepted. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA,ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Czapar, GF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SPRINGFIELD EXTENS CTR,POB 8199,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62791, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 828 EP 831 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200035 ER PT J AU Bryson, CT Carter, R McCarty, LB Yelverton, FH AF Bryson, CT Carter, R McCarty, LB Yelverton, FH TI Kyllinga, a genus of neglected weeds in the continental United States SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYPERACEAE; GENERA C1 VALDOSTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,VALDOSTA,GA 31698. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT HORT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Bryson, CT (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SO WEED SCI RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 838 EP 842 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA YL202 UT WOS:A1997YL20200037 ER PT J AU MacCracken, JG Van Ballenberghe, V Peek, JM AF MacCracken, JG Van Ballenberghe, V Peek, JM TI Habitat relationships of moose on the Copper River Delta in coastal south-central Alaska SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE activity; Alaska; Alces alces gigas; calf survival; carrying capacity; disturbance; habitat-selection; moose; effects ID DOMINATED BOREAL FORESTS; WINTER ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SENSITIVE RADIO COLLARS; INTERIOR ALASKA; DRY-MATTER; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; RESOURCE SELECTION; CARRYING-CAPACITY; DEFENDING PLANTS AB River deltas have been presumed to provide high quality habitats for moose (Alces alces). Moose were introduced to the Copper River Delta, Alaska, in the 1950's, but little was known about their habitat relationships. This study was conducted during 1987-89 to characterize and evaluate moose habitat quality and moose ecology on a large river delta. Mean (+/-SE) annual home range size was 59 +/- 5 km(2). Eight of 15 radio-collared females and 1 of 4 males were seasonally migratory. Migrations were related to snow depth and persistence. Moose relocations (>90%) occurred in 5 habitat types, which were used either for feeding or bedding; use varied among years, seasons, and sexes. At the landscape scale, moose established home ranges in areas that had more habitats that were high in forage productivity and were relatively stable. At the home range scale, moose selected early seral habitats that provided both food and cover, or primarily cover. Spring-early summer diets were the most diverse and highest in quality due to the use of emergent aquatic plants. Winter diets were second in diversity and lowest in quality and late summer-fall diets were the least diverse and intermediate in quality. Seasonal changes in diets, habitat selection, and activity budgets tracked changes in forage abundance and quality. The ecological carrying capacity of the study area was estimated to be 380 and 1,424 moose for severe and mild winters, respectively. These estimates would result in densities of 0.5-2.0/km(2) for the entire area and 10-12/km(2) on the primary winter ranges. The population could be increased beyond the present size to meet the high demands for moose. Calf production averaged 1 calf/female/year, the maximum twinning rate was 40%, mean annual calf survival rates ranged from 0.03 to 0.25, and fall recruitment averaged 30 calves/100 females. Calf deaths were associated with spring weather and predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos); >90% of adult mortality was due to legal harvest. Habitat quality on the Delta was dependent on disturbance regimes that differed in frequency and landscape extent. Glacial outwash dynamics produced a low variance, steady-state shifting mosaic over 30% of the Delta. Great earthquakes that occur every 600-800 years result in high variance, nonequilibrium habitat dynamics that currently favor moose. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP MacCracken, JG (reprint author), Longview Fibre Co, Timber Dept, Box 667, Longview, WA 98632 USA. NR 142 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD OCT PY 1997 IS 136 BP 5 EP 52 PG 48 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU699 UT WOS:000071745400001 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT Liu, JY AF Simpson, WT Liu, JY TI An optimization technique to determine red oak surface and internal moisture transfer coefficients during drying SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kiln drying; diffusion; modeling ID FIBER-SATURATION POINT; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; EMISSION COEFFICIENT; WATER; WOOD; ABSORPTION; DESORPTION; MOVEMENT AB Lumber drying involves moisture transfer from the interior of the board to the surface, then from the surface to the surrounding air. These mechanisms can be characterized by internal and surface moisture transfer coefficients. This paper describes a least squares method, used in conjunction with standard mathematics of diffusion analysis, to determine these coefficients, resulting in good agreement between calculated and experimental drying curves. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YA846 UT WOS:A1997YA84600002 ER PT J AU Stahl, DC Cramer, SM Geimer, RL AF Stahl, DC Cramer, SM Geimer, RL TI Effects of microstructural heterogeneity in cement excelsior board SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous microstructure; network modeling; progressive failure; wood composites ID COMPOSITES AB Heterogeneity in the properties and arrangement of constituents can have an important effect on a composite's properties. This paper evaluates the effects of variability in wood strand dimensions, mechanical properties, and orientation on the engineering properties of cement excelsior board. The finite element method is used to analyze a heterogeneous three-dimensional microstructure of strands, predicting elastic and strength properties. Results suggest that variability in strand mechanical properties can significantly lower composite tensile and compressive strengths, while composite stiffness is not affected. The model also predicts that relatively modest alignment of strands can lead to significant increases in composite strength and stiffness in the direction of alignment. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Stahl, DC (reprint author), MILWAUKEE SCH ENGN,1025 N BROADWAY,MILWAUKEE,WI 53202, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YA846 UT WOS:A1997YA84600007 ER PT J AU Gravatt, DA Chambers, JL Barnett, JP AF Gravatt, DA Chambers, JL Barnett, JP TI Temporal and spatial patterns of net photosynthesis in 12-year-old loblolly pine five growing seasons after thinning SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; sampling; needle conductance; thinning ID GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; PRODUCTIVITY; STANDS; BRANCH; TREES AB Physiological parameters were measured under natural light conditions and needle orientation from towers and walkways erected in the canopy of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, Four silvicultural treatments were randomly assigned to the twelve plots in the fall of 1988. Plots were thinned to a density of 731 trees per hectare or left unthinned, at a density of 2990 trees per hectare. The plots were left unfertilized or fertilized with 744 kg/ha of diammonium triple superphosphate was applied, During the fifth growing season (1993) following thinning and fertilization, needle level physiology was not different with respect to the thinning treatment for fertilized or unfertilized plots. In contrast, upper crown levels within the fertilized and unfertilized plots had significantly higher light levels and photosynthetic rates than lower crown foliage. Light levels were greater in the thinned, fertilized plots than in the unthinned, fertilized plots, In contrast, no effect of thinning on canopy light levels was found in the unfertilized plots. Within crown variation in photosynthesis was strongly dependent on canopy light levels. A strong interaction of canopy level with thinning was apparent for net photosynthesis, Loblolly pine, being a shade intolerant species, showed only small physiological differences between needles from different parts of the crown. Because of the variability found in this study, more extensive sampling is needed to correctly describe the physiology of a forest canopy with adequate precision. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR & EXPT CTR,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. US FOREST SERV,DEPT AGR,SO RES STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP Gravatt, DA (reprint author), USA,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00055-8 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YC777 UT WOS:A1997YC77700006 ER PT J AU Kingan, TG Zitnan, D Jaffe, H Beckage, NE AF Kingan, TG Zitnan, D Jaffe, H Beckage, NE TI Identification of neuropeptides in the midgut of parasitized insects: FLRFamides as candidate paracrines SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; gut endocrine cells; FLRFamide; wasp; Cotesia congregata; enzyme immunoassay ID FMRFAMIDE-LIKE PEPTIDES; ENTERIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ENDOCRINE-CELLS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; COTESIA-CONGREGATA; EXPRESSION; MOTH; COCKROACH AB Parasitism of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) larvae by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) leads to accumulation of peptides in host neurons and neurosecretory cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurons and endocrine/paracrine cells of the midgut. This accumulation has now facilitated the characterization of two new members of the FLRFamide family from midguts of parasitized larvae. The peptides, given the names F24 and F39, are 24 and 39 amino acids in length with the sequences VRDYPQLLDSGMKRQDVVHSFLRFamide and YAEAAGEQVPEYQALVRDYPQLLDSGMKRQDVVHSFLRFamide. The sequence of F24 is identical to the C-terminal 24 amino acids of F39. The C-terminal 10-mer of each is identical to a previously characterized decapeptide neurohormone (F10). This sequence is preceded by a potential processing site. In nonparasitized insects F39 was present at several-fold the amount of F24. In parasitized insects F24 and F39 accumulate in the middle and posterior regions of the midgut, which are enriched in endocrine/paracrine cells reacting with FLRFamide antisera. In the combined brain and subesophageal ganglion F39 was not detected and the amount of F24 never exceeded 2 fmol per Br/SEG. Of the three peptides, only F10 was found in the hemolymph. Thus, F24 and F39 may be intermediates in the biosynthesis of F10 and may themselves be released locally from endocrine/paracrine cells in the midgut epithelium. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. SLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST ZOOL,BRATISLAVA 84206,SLOVAKIA. NINCDS,LNC,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Kingan, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,E BLDG 306,RM 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 133 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0303-7207(97)00140-8 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XZ790 UT WOS:A1997XZ79000003 PM 9359469 ER PT J AU NobenTrauth, N Shultz, LD Brombacher, F Urban, JF Gu, H Paul, WE AF NobenTrauth, N Shultz, LD Brombacher, F Urban, JF Gu, H Paul, WE TI An interleukin 4 (IL-4)-independent pathway for CD4(+) T cell IL-4 production is revealed in IL-4 receptor-deficient mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; GAMMA-CHAIN; FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT; FC-EPSILON; MAST-CELLS; RESPONSES; GENE; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOKINE; PROTEINS AB IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4R alpha)-deficient mice were generated by gene-targeting in BALB/c embryonic stem cells. Mutant mice showed a loss of IL-4 signal transduction and functional activity. The lack of IL-4R alpha resulted in markedly diminished, but not absent, TH2 responses after infection with the helminthic parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. CD4(+), CD62L-high, and CD62L-low T cell populations from uninfected TL-4R alpha(-/-) mice were isolated by cell sorting, Upon primary stimulation by T cell receptor cross-linkage, the CD62L-low, bur not the CD62L-high, cells secreted considerable amounts of IL-4, which was strikingly enhanced upon 4-day culture with anti-CDS in the presence or absence of IL-4. CD62L-low cells isolated from IL-4R alpha(-/-), beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-) double homozygous mice produced less IL-4 than did either IL-4R alpha(-/-) or wild-type mice. These results indicate that an IL-4-independent, beta(2)-microglobulin-dependent pathway exists through which the CD62L-low CD4(+) population has acquired IL-4-producing capacity in vivo, strongly suggesting that these cells are NK T cells. C1 JACKSON LAB, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA. MAX PLANCK INST IMMUNBIOL, D-79108 FREIBURG, GERMANY. USDA, IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP NobenTrauth, N (reprint author), NIAID, IMMUNOL LAB,NIH,TWINBROOK 2,ROOM 125, 12441 PARKLAWN DR, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA20408] NR 48 TC 237 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 20 BP 10838 EP 10843 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10838 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XY998 UT WOS:A1997XY99800065 PM 9380721 ER PT J AU Steward, KK AF Steward, KK TI Influence of photoperiod on tuber production in various races of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hydrilla; aquatic plant; tubers; propagules ID RESPONSES; GROWTH AB The potential for asexual reproduction through production of tubers was evaluated in various races of an International Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] germplasm collection. Interrace comparisons were made under both shortday and longday photoperiods in environmental growth chambers. All the races evaluated produced rates varying from 91-7182 tubers per sq m of production under shortday conditions. Tuber production occurred under longday photoperiods in several races. Under proper temperature conditions, all the monoecious races currently established in the U.S. appear capable of tuber production throughout the year. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Management Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Steward, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Management Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP 26 PY 1997 VL 354 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1003055221240 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YU856 UT WOS:000071762900005 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Johnson, D McGaughey, WH AF Oppert, B Kramer, KJ Beeman, RW Johnson, D McGaughey, WH TI Proteinase-mediated insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; BINDING; LEPIDOPTERA; ENDOTOXINS; RECEPTOR; PROTOXIN; STRAINS AB Two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant strains of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, lack a major gut proteinase that activates Bt protoxins. The absence of this enzyme is genetically linked to larval survival on Bt-treated diets. When considered with previous data supporting the existence of receptor-mediated insect resistance to Bt, these results provide evidence that insect adaptation to these toxins occurs through multiple physiological mechanisms, which complicate efforts to prevent or manage resistance to Bt toxins in insect control programs. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 26 TC 175 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 38 BP 23473 EP 23476 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23473 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XX381 UT WOS:A1997XX38100004 PM 9295279 ER PT J AU Weesner, GD Becker, BA Matteri, RL AF Weesner, GD Becker, BA Matteri, RL TI Expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its receptor in porcine immune tissues SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pig immune system; hypothalamus; LHRH mRNA ID RAT SPLEEN LYMPHOCYTES; INHIBITING FACTOR; LHRH RECEPTORS; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING-SITES; ANTAGONIST; PRECURSOR; RESPONSES; SEQUENCE; THYMUS AB Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is the primary regulator of pituitary LH release. However, LHRH has also been identified in extrahypothalamic sites including immune tissues. Accordingly, immunomodulatory properties for LHRH have been suggested. We wanted to determine whether LHRH and its receptor are produced by immune tissues in the pig. First, a cDNA was cloned and sequenced from the porcine hypothalamus that showed 87.5% homology with the human LHRH gene. Internal primers were identified from this sequence for amplifying a 268 bp product by PCR. In addition to the hypothalamus, PCR products reflecting LHRH mRNA were amplified in porcine spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cDNA. LHRH mRNA was not detected in liver, cerebral cortex, or pituitary tissue samples. Primers were designed to amplify a 360 bp fragment of LHRH-receptor cDNA. PCR products reflecting LHRH-receptor mRNA were amplified in pig hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, spleen and PBL cDNA samples. No such products were amplified in cortex and liver samples. In summary, we report the sequence of a cDNA coding for LHRH and Gonadotropin-RH associated peptide (GAP) in the pig hypothalamus. Additionally, we provide evidence that LHRH and its receptor are synthesized in porcine immune tissues. This leads us to speculate that LHRH may have local, immunomodulatory functions in pigs. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP Weesner, GD (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, USDA ARS, LIVESTOCK BEHAV RES UNIT, 216 POUL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 EI 1879-0631 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 61 IS 17 BP 1643 EP 1649 DI 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00769-8 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XY555 UT WOS:A1997XY55500002 PM 9363979 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI A note on the development and use of pesticides SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE costs and benefits of pesticide use; pesticide regulation; pesticides and the environment; agricultural production; US pesticide use AB The pesticides that are developed and used in the future will emerge against the backdrop of the externalities associated with the use of pesticides and government policies designed to control these externalities. In the final analysis, farmers' choices on pesticides will be influenced by the prevailing costs and benefits of pesticides and their alternatives. Additionally, three areas that serve potentially to impact pesticide use which in turn will affect the development of new pesticides include pesticide regulation, the management of ecologically-based systems, and consumer demand for 'green' products. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,RM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 204 IS 1 BP 57 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00166-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XV919 UT WOS:A1997XV91900006 ER PT J AU Song, KD Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD Zarlenga, D Han, JY AF Song, KD Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD Zarlenga, D Han, JY TI Expression and functional characterization of recombinant chicken interferon-gamma SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken interferon; recombinant interferon-gamma; Ia antigen induction; interferon gene expression; macrophage activation factor ID IMMUNE INTERFERON; CLONING; GENE; MACROPHAGES; LYMPHOCYTES; FIBROBLAST; SEQUENCE; CELLS; CDNA AB A cDNA encoding chicken interferon-gamma (chIFN-gamma) was cloned from a CD4(+) T-cell hybridoma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed in Escherichia coli, COS-and CEC-32 fibroblast cell lines. In general, recombinant chicken IFN-gamma (rchIFN-gamma) expressed in the COS-and CEC-32 cell lines showed high bioactivity in vitro. The kinetics of IFN-gamma gene expression were examined in concanavalin A (Con A)-activated spleen lymphocytes by Northern blot and RT-PCR. IFN-gamma mRNA was detected as early as 30 min after Con A activation, reached peak expression at 2 h and then decreased starting at 4 h post Con A activation. A rabbit serum made to a synthetic peptide of IFN-gamma immunoprecipitated a 60 kDa E. coli maltose-binding fusion protein of recombinant IFN-gamma (MBP-IFN) and a 26-27 kDa secreted protein from COS cells and Con A-activated spleen cells. IFN-gamma inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mediated cytotoxicity of chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells and upregulated the expression of many macrophage cell surface antigens, including class I and class Il major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. These results show that chicken IFN-gamma possesses anti-viral activity and immunoregulates macrophage activities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 19 PY 1997 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00034-2 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA YP466 UT WOS:000071279600012 PM 9436275 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Young, CR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Young, CR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Ricke, SC TI Detection and quantification of poultry probiotic bacteria in mixed culture using monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cecal bacteria; poultry; monoclonal antibodies; ELISA ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; EGG-YOLK ANTIBODIES; BROILER CHICKS; CECAL BACTERIA; SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; DIETARY LACTOSE; VEILLONELLA; ENTERITIDIS; INHIBITION; GROWTH AB Murine monoclonal antibodies were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of selected probiotic bacteria present in a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture known to be effective at reducing chicken cecal and crop colonization by Salmonella typhimurium. Veillonella, Enterococcus avium and S. typhimurium were grown anaerobically in batch culture of Viande Levure broth in pure culture and mixed culture. The mixed cultures produced significantly more acetate and propionate than any of the pure cultures with acetate and propionate being the predominant volatile fatty acids. The association in mixed culture resulted in a significant increase in cell numbers compared to the respective pure cultures. The ELISA was capable of detecting 10(4) cells per mi of the bacteria. The plots of cell numbers determined by the ELISA versus direct plating increased in accordance with increases in cell numbers with r(2) values of 0.950, 0.922 and 0.940 for the pure culture incubations and 0.901, 0.924 and 0.905 in the mixed culture incubation for E. avium, S. typhimurium and Veillonella, respectively. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies can be used to quantitatively assay individual probiotic bacterial species grown in a mixed culture incubation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 16 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(97)00102-5 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA YW560 UT WOS:000071948600011 PM 9506283 ER PT J AU Weber, H Vick, BA Farmer, EE AF Weber, H Vick, BA Farmer, EE TI Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid: A new hexadecanoid signal in the jasmonate family SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; jasmonic acid; phytodienoic acid; wounding ID OXYGENATED FATTY-ACIDS; METHYL JASMONATE; OCTADECANOID PATHWAY; LINOLENIC ACID; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; TOMATO LEAVES; LEAF LIPIDS; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS AB Jasmonic acid and its precursors are potent regulatory molecules in plants, We devised a method for the simultaneous extraction of these compounds from plant leaves to quantitate changes in the levels of jasmonate family members during health and on wounding, During our study, we identified a novel 16-carbon cyclopentenoic acid in leaf extracts from Arabidopsis and potato, The new compound, a member of the jasmonate family of signals, was named dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid, Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid was not detected in the Arabidopsis mutant fad5, which is incapable of synthesizing 7Z,10Z,13Z-hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3), suggesting that the metabolite is derived directly from plastid 16:3 rather than by beta-oxidation of the 18-carbon 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, Simultaneous quantitation of jasmonate family members in healthy leaves of Arabidopsis and potato suggest that different plant species have different relative levels of jasmonic acid, oxo-phytodienoic acid, and dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid. We term these profiles ''oxylipin signatures.'' Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid levels increased dramatically in Arabidopsis and potato leaves on wounding, suggesting roles in wound signaling, Treatment of Arabidopsis with micromolar levels of dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid increased the ability of leaf extracts to transform linoleic acid into the alpha-ketol 13-hydroxy-12-oxo-9(Z) octadecenoic acid indicating that the compound can regulate part of its own biosynthetic pathway, Tightly regulated changes in the relative levels of biologically active jasmonates may permit sensitive control over metabolic, developmental, and defensive processes in plants. C1 UNIV LAUSANNE,INST BIOL & PHYSIOL VEGETALES,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. ARS,USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RI Farmer, Edward/H-1635-2011 NR 42 TC 218 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 19 BP 10473 EP 10478 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.19.10473 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XX399 UT WOS:A1997XX39900085 PM 9294235 ER PT J AU Sanders, JD Tagawa, Y Briggs, RE Corbeil, LB AF Sanders, JD Tagawa, Y Briggs, RE Corbeil, LB TI Transformation of a virulence associated gene of Haemophilus somnus into a strain lacking the gene SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus somnus; surface antigen; transformation; genetic complementation ID HEMOPHILUS-SOMNUS; EXPERIMENTAL ABORTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CATTLE; SERUM AB The role of a 76 kDa surface antigen (p76) of Haemophilus somnus in virulence was investigated. The p76 gene from a virulent isolate of H. somnus (strain 2336) was introduced into ail asymptomatic carrier strain (129Pt) lacking this gene. This was accomplished by the development of a system for genetic exchange in H. somnus. The cloned p76 gene was inserted into the broad host range vector pLS88, electroporated into H. influenzae for modification and then into the H. somnus strain 129Pt. The recombinant plasmid was characterized from selected transformants and expression of the p76 protein was demonstrated by Western immunoblotting. However, transformants were not serum resistant and surface exposure of the recombinant protein could not be detected, suggesting that additional generic elements might be required for export. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN DIEGO MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AIO7036-17] NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 154 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12652.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX393 UT WOS:A1997XX39300014 PM 9311121 ER PT J AU Kuang, W Nelson, SO AF Kuang, W Nelson, SO TI Low-frequency dielectric dispersion from ion permeability of membranes SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; dielectric dispersion; dielectric relaxation; membranes; electrical double layer; counterion layer; biological tissue AB Low-frequency dielectric behavior of membrane/electrolyte systems was studied with artificial membranes made from thin plastic films and NaCl electrolyte of various concentrations. A low-frequency dielectric dispersion or relaxation, which is associated with membrane pores and membrane permeability, was observed and investigated. A qualitative explanation is proposed. Membrane structure characteristics, such as thickness, pore size, and number, were found to affect significantly the low-frequency dielectric dispersion, which indicates some potential applications for low-frequency dielectric measurements in membrane-or tissue-related areas. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 193 IS 2 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1006/jcis.1997.5073 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YE457 UT WOS:A1997YE45700013 ER PT J AU DeGroot, BD Dewey, CE Griffin, DD Perino, LJ Moxley, RA Hahn, GL AF DeGroot, BD Dewey, CE Griffin, DD Perino, LJ Moxley, RA Hahn, GL TI Effect of booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid on sudden death syndrome mortality rate among feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bovine species; bacterin; Clostridium sp; sudden death syndrome; vaccination AB Objective - To determine whether booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid would affect the sudden death syndrome (SDS) mortality rate among feedlot cattle. Design - Field trial. Animals - 83,115 cattle at a Nebraska feedlot. Procedure - Cattle arriving at the feedlot underwent routine processing according to established protocol. All cattle received a sequentially numbered ear tag and a 2-ml dose of a multivalent bacterin-toxoid designed to protect cattle against Clostridium chauvoei, C septicum, C novyi, C sordellii, and C perfringens types C and D. Approximately 90 days prior to slaughter, growth promotants were implanted in all cattle, and cattle were allocated to a treatment or control group on the basis of the last digits of their ear lag numbers. Cattle in the treatment group received a second 2-ml dose of clostridial bacterintoxoid; control cattle did not. Results - Significant differences between groups in regard to crude, feeding pen, or SDS mortality rates were not detected. Sudden death syndrome mortality rate across both groups was 0.24%. If the SDS mortality rate in midwestern feedlot cattle was reduced greater than or equal to 40% by booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid, this experiment included enough animals to have a 90% probability of detecting that difference. Clinical Implications - Booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid does not affect SDS mortality rate among feedlot cattle. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,VET DIAGNOST CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP DeGroot, BD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET BIOMED SCI,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. OI Moxley, Rodney/0000-0002-5377-7716 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 6 BP 749 EP & PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XW337 UT WOS:A1997XW33700022 PM 9301747 ER PT J AU Barnard, C Daberkow, S Padgitt, M Smith, ME Uri, ND AF Barnard, C Daberkow, S Padgitt, M Smith, ME Uri, ND TI Alternative measures of pesticide use SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural chemical use; persistence; pesticide use; toxicity; US agriculture AB One kilogram of a pesticide is not necessarily equal to a kilogram of a different pesticide. This issue can be significant. Whether it is depends on the use to which pesticide-use data are put. While kilograms of pesticide is the most common way of measuring agricultural chemical use, the type of analysis will generally define what measure of chemical use is best. Quantifying the risk from the exposure to pesticides, for example, typically requires weighing usage or residues by acute or chronic health and environmental toxicity coefficients and subsequently estimating human or environmental exposure to such hazards. The inferences one draws concerning pesticide use can vary substantially depending on the measure considered. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 203 IS 3 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00151-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XP490 UT WOS:A1997XP49000005 PM 9260309 ER PT J AU Goodwin, JL Kehrli, ME Uemura, E AF Goodwin, JL Kehrli, ME Uemura, E TI Integrin Mac-1 and beta-amyloid in microglial release of nitric oxide SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; beta-amyloid; microglia; integrin; nitric oxide; tissue culture; flow cytometry ID MOUSE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR TYPE-3; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IFN-GAMMA; CELLS; ADHESION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB The beta-amyloid protein associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been well characterized biochemically; however, its primary biological function and mode of action in AD has not been determined. We have shown previously that beta-amyloid (beta 25-35), in combination with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), can induce nitric oxide release from cultured hippocampal microglial cells. In the present study, binding of beta-amyloid with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1, a cell surface receptor on microglia, was studied by observing (1) inhibition of beta-amyloid (beta 25-35)-mediated release of nitric oxide from cultured microglial cells following exposure to monoclonal antibodies against Mac-1 (antj-CD18 and anti-CD11b) and (2) competitive binding of fluorochrome-labeled beta 25-35 with anti-CD18 or anti-CD11b using fluorescent flow cytometry. Wt.3 (anti-CD18 antibody) and OX42 (anti-CD11b antibody) were as effective as opsonized zymosan at inducing the release of nitric oxide from microglia. Furthermore, Wt.3 and OX42 acted synergistically to induce maximum nitric oxide release. An interaction between beta-amyloid and CD18 of Mac-1 was evidenced by the suppressive action of beta 25-35 on Wt.3-mediated release of nitric oxide and the synergistic action between OX42 and beta 25-35 in inducing nitric oxide release from microglia. The tissue culture study was supported by competitive binding assays of fluorochrome-labeled beta 25-35 and Mac-1 antibodies (Wt.3 or OX42). The majority of microglial cells (71%) did bind biotinylated beta-amyloid in the presence of cytochalasin B, suggesting that beta-amyloid binding to microglia is a receptor-mediated event. Furthermore, pre-exposure to Wt.3, but not OX42, significantly decreased binding of biotinylated beta 25-35 to microglia. These findings suggest that CD18 of Mac-1 may play a role in beta-amyloid-mediated release of nitric oxide. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD SEP 12 PY 1997 VL 768 IS 1-2 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00653-7 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YB442 UT WOS:A1997YB44200033 PM 9369326 ER PT J AU Shang, F Gong, X Taylor, A AF Shang, F Gong, X Taylor, A TI Activity of ubiquitin-dependent pathway in response to oxidative stress - Ubiquitin-activating enzyme is transiently up-regulated SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; SITE-SPECIFIC PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN LIGASE SYSTEM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; CONJUGATING ENZYME; RADIOISOTOPIC DETERMINATION; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; CATARACT FORMATION AB Relations between the ubiquitin pathway and cellular stress have been noted, but data regarding responses of the ubiquitin pathway to oxidative stress are scanty. This paper documents the response of this pathway to oxidative stress in lens cells. A brief exposure of lens epithelial cells to physiologically relevant levels of H2O2 induces a transient increase in activity of the ubiquitin-dependent pathway. Ubiquitin conjugation activity was maximal and increased 3.5-9.2-fold over the activity noted in untreated cells by 4 h after removal of H2O2. By 24 h after removal of H2O2, ubiquitin conjugation activity returned to the level noted in untreated cells. In parallel to the changes in ubiquitin conjugation activity, the activity of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), as determined by thiol ester formation, increased 2-6.7-fold during recovery from oxidation, Addition of exogenous E1 resulted in an increase in ubiquitin conjugation activity and in the levels of ubiquitin carrier protein (E2)-ubiquitin thiol esters in both the untreated cells and the H2O2-treated cells, These data suggest that E1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the ubiquitin conjugation process and. that the increases in ubiquitin conjugation activity which are induced upon recovery from oxidation are primarily due to increased E1. activity. The oxidation-and recovery-induced up-regulation of E1 activity is primarily due to post-synthetic events, Substrate availability and up-regulation of E2 activities also appear to be related to the enhancement in ubiquitinylation upon recovery from oxidative stress, The oxidation-induced increases in ubiquitin conjugation activity were associated with an increase in intracellular proteolysis, suggesting that the transient increase in ubiquitinylation noted upon recovery from oxidative stress may play a role in removal of damaged proteins from the cells. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LAB NUTR & VIS RES,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 73 TC 175 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 12 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 37 BP 23086 EP 23093 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.37.23086 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XV744 UT WOS:A1997XV74400020 PM 9287309 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Cooke, PH Malin, EL Smith, PW Holsinger, VH AF Tunick, MH Cooke, PH Malin, EL Smith, PW Holsinger, VH TI Transmission electron microscopic imaging of casein submicelle distribution in mozzarella cheese. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 1 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700001 ER PT J AU Ujvary, I AF Ujvary, I TI Nicotine and other insecticidal alkaloids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 2 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700114 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, NN AF Ragsdale, NN TI Non-laboratory opportunities for chemists at the United States Department of Agriculture. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NAPIAP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 12 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700963 ER PT J AU Holliday, RL King, JW AF Holliday, RL King, JW TI Development of experimental apparati for extraction/reaction studies in sub- and supercritical water SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 15 EP IEC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701883 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP Medina, MB Gehring, AG AF Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP Medina, MB Gehring, AG TI Real-time detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 17 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700017 ER PT J AU Schwimmer, S AF Schwimmer, S TI Enzymatic cogeneration of flavors and farmaceuticals in foods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 23 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700023 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Dowd, MK Mayorga, JC AF Dailey, OD Dowd, MK Mayorga, JC TI Solubilization of protein from corn in steepwater. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 26 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700026 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Havstad, KM AF Tellez, MR Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL Havstad, KM TI Essential oil of Flourensia cernua DC. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 28 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700028 ER PT J AU Shofran, BG McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP AF Shofran, BG McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP TI HPLC analysis of sulfur compounds in cruciferous vegetables using pulsed electrochemical detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 29 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700029 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K TI Hydroxycinnamic acid esters in orange peel by-products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 30 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700030 ER PT J AU Sanders, TH McMichael, RW AF Sanders, TH McMichael, RW TI Occurrence of resveratrol in edible peanuts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 33 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700033 ER PT J AU Heller, SR Bachrach, SM AF Heller, SR Bachrach, SM TI Revolution of the chemical journal. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DE KALB,IL 60115. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 36 EP CINF PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700903 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Miller, AJ AF Juneja, VK Miller, AJ TI Use of the submerged-coil heating apparatus in the study of thermal resistance of foodborne pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 36 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700036 ER PT J AU Vaughn, SF AF Vaughn, SF TI Glucosinolates as natural pesticides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 39 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700151 ER PT J AU Buslig, BS AF Buslig, BS TI Headspace gas-chromatography of citrus plant parts. Another approach to variety classification or to flavor changes in stored fresh fruit. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 41 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700041 ER PT J AU Rendleman, JA AF Rendleman, JA TI Conversion of cyclodextrin into high-amylose starch of low-molecular weights by means of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 41 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700507 ER PT J AU Wing, RE Willett, JL AF Wing, RE Willett, JL TI End-use applications of thermochemically derivatized natural products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WHITEHURST ASSOCIATES,NEW BERN,NC 28560. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 42 EP CARB PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700508 ER PT J AU Bachrach, SM Heller, SR AF Bachrach, SM Heller, SR TI Revolution of the chemical journal. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DE KALB,IL 60115. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 44 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701243 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ AF Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ TI MM3(92) modeling of ribose and 2-deoxyribose ring puckering. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 46 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700512 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide - Hapten development utilizing molecular models. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 49 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700161 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE AF Hoagland, RE TI Biochemical interactions of the microbial phytotoxin phosphinothricin and analogs with plants and microbes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 50 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700162 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Duke, MV Paul, RN Ferreira, JFS Vaughn, KC Smeda, RJ AF Duke, SO Duke, MV Paul, RN Ferreira, JFS Vaughn, KC Smeda, RJ TI Sequestration of phytotoxins by plants: Implications for commercial biosynthetic production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,NATL CTR DEV NAT PROD,USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 51 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700163 ER PT J AU Li, BW AF Li, BW TI Analysis of food carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and dietary fiber polysaccharides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 54 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700054 ER PT J AU Akin, DE AF Akin, DE TI UV absorption microspectrophotometry of cell walls in wheat kernels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 55 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700055 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC AF Koskinen, WC TI Effect of aging on pesticide sorption. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 55 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701542 ER PT J AU Snyder, JM King, JW Zhang, ZY AF Snyder, JM King, JW Zhang, ZY TI Comparison of volatile analysis of lipids by supercritical fluid extraction and solid phase micro extraction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 63 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700063 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Fitch, TE Levin, CE Yokoyama, WH AF Friedman, M Fitch, TE Levin, CE Yokoyama, WH TI Reduction of LDL cholesterol in hamsters fed green and red tomatoes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 67 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700067 ER PT J AU Xu, R Huang, X Hopkins, TL Hawley, MD Kramer, KJ AF Xu, R Huang, X Hopkins, TL Hawley, MD Kramer, KJ TI Regioselective addition reactions of catecholamine quinones. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT & PROD RES CTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 67 EP MEDI PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85702526 ER PT J AU Gan, J Taylor, C Papiernik, S Yates, SR AF Gan, J Taylor, C Papiernik, S Yates, SR TI Static headspace analysis of volatile pesticide residues in soil SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 69 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700181 ER PT J AU Stein, TM Gordon, SH Greene, RV AF Stein, TM Gordon, SH Greene, RV TI Quantitative structure-property relationships of amino acid plasticizers in starch-based plastic blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 71 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700537 ER PT J AU Dunn, LB AF Dunn, LB TI Effect of extrusion conditions on starch branching and molecular weight. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 72 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700538 ER PT J AU Fiddler, W Pensabene, JW Gates, RA AF Fiddler, W Pensabene, JW Gates, RA TI Supercritical fluid extraction of organochlorine pesticides from eggs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 72 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700184 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, RL TI Thermal processing of starch in a non-aqueous solvent. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61614. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 73 EP CARB PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700539 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Dao, LT Full, GH Wong, RY Harden, L Edwards, R Berrios, J AF Takeoka, GR Dao, LT Full, GH Wong, RY Harden, L Edwards, R Berrios, J TI Characterization of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L) anthocyanins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 75 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700075 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Zhou, AC AF McFeeters, RF Zhou, AC TI Volatile components of non-fermented cucumbers stored at low pH before and after sulfite removal using hydrogen peroxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 76 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700076 ER PT J AU Novak, JM AF Novak, JM TI Soil factors influencing atrazine sorptive processes: Implications on fate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 77 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701564 ER PT J AU Conklin, MH Chol, JY Bales, RC AF Conklin, MH Chol, JY Bales, RC TI Processes controlling SO2 uptake in snowpacks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US FOREST SERV,USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 85 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701837 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Improved preparation of Carpophilus freemani aggregation pheromone. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,REE,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 88 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700200 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Benedict, CR Liu, JG Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, RD Benedict, CR Liu, JG Bell, AA TI Biosynthesis of phytoalexins in cotton. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 92 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700204 ER PT J AU Piotto, A McDaniel, MR Mattheis, JP AF Piotto, A McDaniel, MR Mattheis, JP TI Aroma of 'Gala' apples stored in air and controlled atmosphere by OSME, a gas chromatography olfactometry technique. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 93 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700093 ER PT J AU Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB AF Gibson, DM Krasnoff, SB TI Exploring the full potential of biologically active compounds from plants and fungi. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 95 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700207 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG Ling, LC AF Buttery, RG Ling, LC TI Additional volatile components of tortilla chips. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 96 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700096 ER PT J AU Laird, DA AF Laird, DA TI Mechanisms for adsorption of organic bases on hydrated smectite surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 98 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701585 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ling, L Wong, R Full, GH Dao, LT AF Takeoka, GR Buttery, RG Ling, L Wong, R Full, GH Dao, LT TI Odor thresholds of various unsaturated branched esters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 106 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700106 ER PT J AU Spanier, AM Flores, M Miller, JA Bland, JM AF Spanier, AM Flores, M Miller, JA Bland, JM TI The difficulties in assessing the sensory characteristics of peptide-derived flavor enhancers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 107 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700107 ER PT J AU Kitto, GB Plarre, R Burkholder, W Richardson, B Emke, K AF Kitto, GB Plarre, R Burkholder, W Richardson, B Emke, K TI An immunoassay for detecting insect contamination of grain: Comparison trials with other procedures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. BIOTECT INC,AUSTIN,TX 78758. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. GEN MILLS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55427. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 110 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700110 ER PT J AU Argauer, RJ AF Argauer, RJ TI Removal of free fatty acids from acetonitrile solutions using hydrated Florisil chromatographic columns prior to ion-trap mass spectrometry for pesticide residue determinations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 120 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700232 ER PT J AU Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS AF Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS TI Cloning of a novel maize endosperm-specific protein with partial sequence homology to a pollen surface protein SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maize; endosperm-specific gene; (Zea mays) AB A gene encoding a novel maize endosperm protein has been cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a 43135 Da polypeptide which is 42% identical over two segments of an alfalfa pollen protein sequence. The gene is expressed in developing endosperm tissue, and not in other tissues such as shoot, pollen, or embryo. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PROGRAM PLANT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4838 J9 BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Protein Struct. Molec. Enzym. PD SEP 5 PY 1997 VL 1341 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0167-4838(97)00098-8 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YB986 UT WOS:A1997YB98600001 PM 9357950 ER PT J AU DawsonHughes, B Harris, SS Krall, EA Dallal, GE AF DawsonHughes, B Harris, SS Krall, EA Dallal, GE TI Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone, density in men and women 65 years of age or older SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; DOUBLE-BLIND; FRACTURES; OSTEOPOROSIS; ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; ASSAY AB Background Inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D may contribute to the high prevalence of osteoporosis among older persons. Methods We studied the effects of three years of dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density, biochemical measures of bone metabolism and the incidence of nonvertebral fractures in 176 men and 213 women 65 years of age or older who were living at home. They received either 500 mg of calcium plus 700 IU of vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol) per day or placebo. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood and urine were analyzed every six months, and cases of nonvertebral fracture were ascertained by means of interviews and verified with use of hospital records. Results The mean (+/-SD) changes in bone mineral density in the calcium-vitamin D and placebo groups were as follows: femoral neck, +0.50+/-4.80 and -0.70+/-5.03 percent, respectively (P=0.02); spine, +2.12+/-4.06 and +1.22+/-4.25 percent (P=0.04); and total body, +0.06+/-1.83 and -1.09+/-1.71 percent (P< 0.001). The difference between the calcium-vitamin D and placebo groups was significant at all skeletal sites after, one year, but it was significant only for total-body bone mineral density in the second and third years. Of 37 subjects who had nonvertebral fractures, 26 were in the placebo group and 11 were in the calcium-vitamin D group (P=0.02). Conclusions In men and women 65 years of age or older who are living in the community, dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D moderately reduced bone loss measured in the femoral neck, spine, and total body over the three-year study period and reduced the incidence of nonvertebral fractures. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. RP DawsonHughes, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 31 TC 1303 Z9 1341 U1 4 U2 67 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 4 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 10 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1056/NEJM199709043371003 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU349 UT WOS:A1997XU34900003 PM 9278463 ER PT J AU Ma, K Hutchins, A Sung, SJS Adams, MWW AF Ma, K Hutchins, A Sung, SJS Adams, MWW TI Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a CoA-dependent pyruvate decarboxylase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE archaea; aldehyde; decarboxylation; 2-keto acid; thiamine pyrophosphate ID THERMOCOCCUS STRAIN ES-1; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; THIAMIN DIPHOSPHATE; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ENZYME; PURIFICATION; TUNGSTEN; BACTERIUM; ARCHAEBACTERIUM AB Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (FOR) has been previously purified from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, an organism that grows optimally at 100 degrees C by fermenting carbohydrates and peptides, The enzyme contains thiamine pyrophosphate and catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 and reduces P. furiosus ferredoxin, Here we show that this enzyme also catalyzes the formation of acetaldehyde from pyruvate in a CoA-dependent reaction, Desulfocoenzyme A substituted for CoA showing that the cofactor plays a structural rather than a catalytic role, Ferredoxin was not necessary for the pyruvate decarboxylase activity of FOR, nor did it inhibit acetaldehyde production, The apparent K-m values for CoA and pyruvate were 0.11 mM and 1.1 mM, respectively, and the optimal temperature for acetaldehyde formation was above 90 degrees C, These data are comparable to those previously determined for the pyruvate oxidation reaction of FOR. At 80 degrees C (pH 8.0), the apparent V-m value for pyruvate decarboxylation was about 40% of the apparent V-m value for pyruvate oxidation rate (using P. furiosus ferredoxin as the electron acceptor), Tentative catalytic mechanisms for these two reactions are presented, In addition to FOR, three other 2-keto acid ferredoxin oxidoreductases are involved in peptide fermentation by hyperthermophilic archaea, It is proposed that the various aldehydes produced by these oxidoreductases in vivo are used by two aldehyde utilizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the physiological roles of which were previously unknown. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,CTR METALLOENZYME STUDIES,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,USDA,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 47 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 2 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 18 BP 9608 EP 9613 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9608 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XU455 UT WOS:A1997XU45500018 PM 9275170 ER PT J AU Dymond, JR Qi, JG AF Dymond, JR Qi, JG TI Reflection of visible light from a dense vegetation canopy - a physical model SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE vegetation canopy; canopy radiance; pine forest; Pinus radiata; pasture; Lolium spp. ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; DIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SCATTERING; SURFACE; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION AB Monitoring vegetation condition by remote sensing is made difficult by the variation of canopy brightness (radiance) with view direction and sun position. In this paper, we develop a physical model of canopy radiance that models this variation as a product of three functions, each being expressed as a simple analytical formula. The first function, the S function, represents the proportion of canopy seen as sunlit, excluding the hotspot. The second function, the hotspot function, corrects the S function for the higher probability of seeing sunlit leaves near the anti-solar point. The third function represents the average radiance of sunlit leaves. The model was fitted to densely-sampled, multi-view radiance measurements of pine forest (Pinus radiata) and pasture (Lolium spp.), taken at a large (similar or equal to 60 degrees) sun zenith angle. Radiance predictions for multiple views were then made for a small sun zenith angle (similar or equal to 20 degrees). Comparison of predicted with measured radiances showed that the model out-performed the linear Roujean et al. model (J. Geo. Res., 97: 20,455-20,468) and the non-linear Verstraete et al. model (J. Geo. Res., 95: 11,755-11,765). The improvement is due to two factors: The hotspot function has a sun zenith angle dependence; and the S function allows the average projected leaf area to vary with off-nadir view angle. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,USDA,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP Dymond, JR (reprint author), LANDCARE RES MANAAKI WHENUA,PRIVATE BAG 11052,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. OI Dymond, John/0000-0001-6462-6203 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 86 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00028-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YB826 UT WOS:A1997YB82600001 ER PT J AU Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Aase, JK Pikul, JL AF Prueger, JH Hatfield, JL Aase, JK Pikul, JL TI Bowen-ratio comparisons with Lysimeter evapotranspiration SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Water use in agriculture by different cropping systems is of interest in determining crop water use efficiency of different tillage practices that will lead to reduced crop production risk. Lysimeters are considered the standard for evapotranspiration (ET) measurements; however, these units are often not replicated and are few in number at any given location. Our objective was to determine if a simple Bowen-ratio system with nonexchanging psychrometers could provide accurate measurements of ET from lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in a semiarid climate. The study was conducted in 1993 and 1994 on two adjacent 180-by 180-m fields with weighing lysimeters (1.68 by 1.68 by 1.83 m) located in the center of each field, on a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) soil near Sidney, MT. A Bowen-ratio system comprised of two nonexchanging psychrometers and anemometers at 0.25 and 1.25 m above the plant canopy surface was placed in the lentil field along with a net radiometer and soil heat flux plate. Precipitation during the growing season from planting to swathing was 367 mm in 1993 and 227 mm in 1993. In 1993, soil water content of the lysimeter was greater than the field after large precipitation events around Day of Year (DOY) 210, even though the lysimeter was drained. After this time, the lysimeter ET exceeded that measured by the Bowen-ratio system. Agreement was closer in 1994, when precipitation was near normal and there was no excess soil water in the lysimeter. Cumulative ET totals from the lysimeter were reflective of the seasonal precipitation patterns. Differences between the lysimeter and Bowen-ratio occurred when there was excess precipitation and inadequate drainage from the lysimeter. Half-hourly ET fluxes from lysimeter and Bowen-ratio values agreed to within 10% throughout the season. Bowen-ratio systems with nonexchanging psychrometers can provide satisfactory estimates of daily and seasonal ET and can be used to estimate ET in semiarid climates. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. ARS,USDA,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. ARS,USDA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 730 EP 736 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YD120 UT WOS:A1997YD12000005 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Santos, AB Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Santos, AB Baligar, VC TI Phosphorus soil test calibration for lowland rice on an inceptisol SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VARZEA AB Efficient use of an adequate level of P in crop production on high-P-fixing acid soils is essential, due to high crop response to P Fertilization and the high cost of P fertilizers. Soil-test-based P fertilization recommendations are not available for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on Inceptisols. The objective of this study was to calibrate P soil testing for the response of lowland rice (cv. Javae) to added P. Two field experiments were conducted in two years at two locations in central Brazil on Haplaquept Inceptisols. In the first year, the broadcast P levels used in both experiments were 0, 87, 175, 262, 350, and 437 kg P ha(-1), applied as triple superphosphate. In the second year, each residual broadcast P level from the previous year received band application of 0, 22, 44, and 66 kg P ha(-1). Soil test levels of Mehlich-1 extractable P were categorized, based on relative grain yield from the first year, as very low (0-2.6 mg P kg(-1) soil), low (2.6-8.8), medium (8.8-13.0), or high (>13.0). The amount of broadcast P needed to build up soil P test concentrations at very low, low, medium, and high soil test categories was 80, 220, 292, and >444 kg P ha(-1), respectively. The rice crop produced 0 to 70%, 70 to 95%, 95 to 100%, and 100% of relative yield at the very low, low medium, and high P levels, respectively. The amount of banded Fertilizer P required to obtain maximum yield at both locations was 66 kg P ha(-1) for the very low and low soil P levels, 44 kg P ha(-1) for the medium soil P level, and 22 kg P ha(-1) for the high soil P level. C1 ARS,USDA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BEAVER,WV 25813. EMBRAPA,NATL RICE & BEAN RES CTR,BR-74001970 GOIANIA,GO,BRAZIL. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 737 EP 742 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YD120 UT WOS:A1997YD12000006 ER PT J AU Miyasaka, SC Grunes, DL AF Miyasaka, SC Grunes, DL TI Root zone temperature and calcium effects on phosphorus, sulfur, and micronutrients in winter wheat forage SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; NUTRITION; TETANY; MAIZE AB An understanding of how environmental factors can alter accumulation of nutrients by plants is needed to anticipate and prevent mineral deficiencies in both plants and grazing animals. To determine the effects of root zone temperature (RZT) and Ca level on mineral concentrations of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 'Centurk' seedlings were grown under three RZT regimes (constant 8 degrees C, constant 16 degrees C, and transferral from 8 degrees C after 23 d to 16 degrees C) and four Ca levels (0.2, 0.6, 2.0, and 5.0 mM) in nutrient solution. Plants grown at 8 degrees C RZT had significantly lower shoot and root concentrations and unit absorption rates of P, S, Cn, Zn, and Mn than did those grown at 16 degrees C. Within 2 wk after transfer from 8 degrees C to 16 degrees C RZT, concentrations of P, S, Cu, Zn, and Mn in shoots and roots increased significantly. Increasing Ca levels in solution significantly increased shoot and root concentrations and unit absorption rates of P and Cu. In contrast, increasing Ca levels significantly decreased concentrations and unit absorption rates of Mn and Zn. Thus, a suboptimal RZT could depress accumulation of P, S, Cu, Zn, and Mn by winter wheat forage, and possibly induce mineral deficiencies in both plants and grazing animals. A high solution Ca level could partially ameliorate this adverse effect on P and Cu accumulation by wheat, but it also could exacerbate the problem of low Mn and Zn concentrations at a cool RZT. C1 USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP Miyasaka, SC (reprint author), CTAHR, HAWAII BRANCH STN, 461 W LANIKULA ST, HILO, HI 96720 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 742 EP 748 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YD120 UT WOS:A1997YD12000007 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Buehler, RE Kiser, J Williams, C Wofford, T AF Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Buehler, RE Kiser, J Williams, C Wofford, T TI Resistance of cotton with delta-endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on selected lepidopteran insects SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC COTTON; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; NOCTUIDAE AB Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants that express truncated versions of insect control protein genes cryIA(c) and cryIIA of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Bt) have been developed for managing lepidopteran pests. However, agronomic traits pest resistance can vary among transformation events. We examined selected agronomic traits and resistance, in laboratory and field, against tobacco budworm [Heliothis virascens (F.)] and bollworm [Helicoverpa tea (Boddie)] for various transformation events of cryIA(c) and cryIIA genes. Monsanto events with cryIIA were resistant to tobacco budworm and bollworm as the M531 Bt event cryIA(c), but showed some yield loss. Calgene events ST 807, ST 808, and ST 317 expressing cryIA(c) were similar to the M531 Bt event of cryIA(c) in control of tobacco budworm and bollworm. Backcrossed cultivars NuCOTN 33(B) and NuCOTN 35(B) from Delta & Pine Land Co. with event M531 Bt of cryIA (c) were highly resistant to tobacco budworm, producing more than 1400 kg ha(-1) (vs. 0 on nontransgenic recurrent parents) under high levels of tobacco budworm infestation. These NuCOTN cultivars also yielded 450 to 550 kg ha(-1) more than the recurrent parents under high levels of natural infestation tobacco budworm in the insecticide control treatment; in the absence of tobacco bud worm, NuCOTN yields were equal to or greater for recurrent parents. The Paymaster Technologies lines with event M757 Bt of cryIA(c) were not pure for the gene, but showed excellent field resistance to tobacco budworm. Lines HX2 BG and HX3 BG showed resistance equal to the donor event M757 and yields equal to H1244. Reduced performance of event M757 in HX6 BG relative to other Paymaster lines with this event indicates a significant genotype x event interaction. Laboratory survival of bollworm after 7 d on transgenic leaves and squares was greater than survival of tobacco budworm; however, weight of surviving larvae of each species was only 10 to 15% of that on nontransgenic controls. Survival of fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] at 7 d was only slightly lower than on nontransgenics, and weights were slightly lower. Careful evaluation of transgenic events and cultivars is necessary to ensure that the final cultivar is both resistant to target pests and has acceptable yield. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. CALGENE INC,DAVIS,CA 95616. PAYMASTER TECHNOL,STUTTGART,AR. DELTA PINE LAND CO,SCOTT,MS 38772. RP Jenkins, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 768 EP 780 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YD120 UT WOS:A1997YD12000011 ER PT J AU DeHaan, RL Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK AF DeHaan, RL Sheaffer, CC Barnes, DK TI Effect of annual medic smother plants on weed control and yield in corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIVING MULCH SYSTEM; VILLOSA COVER CROP; ZEA-MAYS; TILLAGE; CLOVER; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS AB Using spring-seeded smother plants for weed control could reduce the environmental impact of corn (Zea mays L.) production. Research was conducted to determine whether currently available medic (Medicago spp.) cultivars are adapted for use as smother plants in corn. In field experiments in 1992 at Becker and Rosemount, MN, Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. cv. Sava and Kelson were interseeded with corn st 0, 85, 260, or 775 seeds m(-2). In 1993, Sava and Kelson, along with M. polymorpha L. cv. Santiago and M. lupulina L. cv. George,were interseeded with corn at 260 seeds m(-2) and N fertilizer was applied at 0, 84 (56 at Rosemount), or 168 kg ha(-1). Land equivalent ratios for corn and medic intercrops germ in 1992 were not > 1, indicating that corn and medics competed strongly for resources. Medics seeded with corn at a rate high enough to consistently suppress weeds (260 seeds m(-2)) reduced weed dry weight 14 wk after corn emergence by 69% at Becker and by 41% at Rosemount compared with monoculture corn. The same seeding rate reduced corn grain yield in weed-free plots by 21% at Becker and 15% at Rosemount compared with monoculture yields. In 1993, medic smother plants reduced weed dry weight more when grown in the 0 kg ha(-1) N plots than in the 168 kg ha(-1) N plots. Corn yield losses, however, were less severe in the 168 kg ha(-1) N treatments than with 0 N. Annual medics managed as smother plants in corn effectively reduced weed biomass; however, additional research is needed to identify medic genotypes and smother plant management systems that reduce corn yields less than those we evaluated, and that provide more consistent weed suppression across enviromnents. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DeHaan, RL (reprint author), DORDT COLL,DEPT AGR,SIOUX CITY,IA 51250, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 813 EP 821 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YD120 UT WOS:A1997YD12000017 ER PT J AU Feldlaufer, MF Pettis, JS Kochansky, JP Shimanuki, H AF Feldlaufer, MF Pettis, JS Kochansky, JP Shimanuki, H TI A gel formulation of formic acid for the control of parasitic mites of honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACARAPIS-WOODI RENNIE; VARROA-JACOBSONI; COLONIES; CLIMATES AB A gel formulation of 65% formic acid and a delivery system, referred to as Beltsville formic acid (BFA) gel packets, have been developed to control parasitic mites of honey bees, Concentrations of formic acid from single applications of BFA gel packets averaged from 10-50 ppm within the hive, which equalled or exceeded the levels of formic acid obtained by four successive liquid applications. In a Spring field study, a single application of BFA gel packets was about 70% effective in controlling Varroa jacobsoni, when measured by follow-up treatments with Apistan(R), In caged bee studies, control of the tracheal mite, Acarapis; woodi, approached 100% by the eighth day, The BFA gel packet is safer to handle than liquid formic acid, and due to a slower release, requires fewer applications than its liquid counterpart Efficacy against both Varroa and tracheal mites should encourage the use of BFA gel packets in an overall program to control parasitic mites of honey bees. RP Feldlaufer, MF (reprint author), ARS,BEE RES LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 137 IS 9 BP 661 EP 663 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XV262 UT WOS:A1997XV26200016 ER PT J AU Loper, GM AF Loper, GM TI Genetic evidence of the Africanization of feral colonies in S Arizona between 1993 and 1995 SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HONEY-BEE HYMENOPTERA; APIS-MELLIFERA L; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; BRAZIL AB The first swarms of Africanized honey bees in southern Arizona were documented in June 1993. Between then and the Fall of 1995, 22 swarms were caught in the vicinity of Tucson hived, and located in an isolated apiary. These colonies were sampled and analyzed by genetic tests to determine the ''degree'' of Africanization occurring in the area, Tests showed that an in-migration of genes not known in this area before 1993 has occurred with the arrival of Africanized bees, and that some colonies have an extremely high level of defensive behavior. Time will tell to what extent these new genes introgress into the local feral and domestic honey bees. Unfortunately, during the influx of AHB, at least 95% of the rural feral EHB population died off (1994-96) due to tracheal and Varroa mites, In areas where the AHB have migrated into the feral population, it is even more important that beekeepers requeen any ''suspicious'' colonies as soon as they are recognized, thus preventing swarming, absconding, and the production of AHB drones. RP Loper, GM (reprint author), ARS,CARL HYDEN BEE RES CTR,USDA,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 137 IS 9 BP 669 EP 671 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XV262 UT WOS:A1997XV26200019 ER PT J AU Barbosa, L Butte, NF Villalpando, S Wong, WW Smith, EO AF Barbosa, L Butte, NF Villalpando, S Wong, WW Smith, EO TI Maternal energy balance and lactation performance of Mesoamerindians as a function of body mass index SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy balance; lactation; body composition; body fat; milk composition; milk production; Mesoamerindian women; body mass index ID HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MILK-PRODUCTION; INDIAN WOMEN; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; FAT; EXPENDITURE; POPULATION; DEUTERIUM AB The effect of maternal energy balance in conjunction with body energy reserves on lactation performance has not been fully elucidated in humans. Energy balance was computed from changes in weight and body composition over 6 mo postpartum in 21 Otomi Indian women with relatively low postpartum body mass indexes (BMIs; in kg/m(2), 21.4 +/- 0.9) and 19 with relatively high BMIs (25.7 +/- 1.9). Body fat was determined by deuterium dilution. Milk production was estimated by 24-h test weighing. Macronutrient content of human milk was measured by standard techniques. In both groups weight declined over the 6 mo postpartum (P = 0.04). In the lower BMI group only, body fat (kg, % of wt) decreased significantly (P = 0.04). Milk fat concentration was positively correlated with body fat at 3 and 6 mo (r = 0.32 and 0.40; P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Energy balance was not associated with milk production or composition, nutrient secretion into milk, or infant growth velocity, except at 6 mo, when energy balance was positively correlated with milk energy and fat concentration in the lower BMI group (r = 0.55; P = 0.01). Fat concentration was lower in the lower BMT group (P = 0.04). Because of the inverse correlation between milk production and milk fat at 3 and 6 mo (r = -0.47 and -0.43, respectively; P = 0.01), fat secretion into milk did not differ between groups. Infant growth velocities did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, negative energy balance in conjunction with lower energy reserves did not adversely affect lactation performance or infant growth in this population of Otomi Indians. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, USDA ARS, DEPT PEDIAT, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL, UNIDAD INVEST NUTR, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 66 IS 3 BP 575 EP 583 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT049 UT WOS:A1997XT04900008 PM 9280176 ER PT J AU Zhang, SM Tang, GW Russell, RM Mayzel, KA Stampfer, MJ Willett, WC Hunter, DJ AF Zhang, SM Tang, GW Russell, RM Mayzel, KA Stampfer, MJ Willett, WC Hunter, DJ TI Measurement of retinoids and carotenoids in breast adipose tissue and a comparison of concentrations in breast cancer cases and control subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; retinoids; carotenoids; breast cancer; case-control study; women ID VITAMIN-A; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; DIETARY-INTAKE; SERUM LEVELS; RISK; QUESTIONNAIRE; MECHANISMS; TOCOPHEROL AB A case-control study of the associations of retinoids and specific carotenoids with breast cancer using concentrations of these nutrients in breast adipose tissue was conducted among women attending a breast clinic in the Boston area in 1989-1992. Breast adipose tissue was collected during breast biopsy. Cases (n = 46) were women whose biopsies revealed invasive or in situ breast cancer; control subjects (n = 63) were women whose biopsies revealed benign disease. We observed inverse associations between breast adipose concentrations of retinoids and carotenoids and risk of breast cancer, although not all were statistically significant. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio comparing women above the median value of the control group for retinol with those below or equal to the median was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.93; NS); corresponding odds ratios were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.23, 1.64; NS) for retinyl palmitate, 0.30 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.85) for beta-carotene, 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.94) for lycopene, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.27, 1.73; NS) for lutein/zeaxanthin. There was a nonsignificant positive correlation (r = 0.23, P = 0.15) between breast adipose tissue concentrations of retinol and dietary intake of preformed vitamin A, including supplements measured by using a food-frequency questionnaire. No correlation was found between breast adipose concentrations of carotenoids and intake of dietary carotenoids. These data suggest that higher breast adipose concentrations of retinoids and some carotenoids may be associated with decreased risk of breast cancer and that further examination of these relations is warranted. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. FAULKNER BREAST CTR,BOSTON,MA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA66914] NR 29 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 66 IS 3 BP 626 EP 632 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT049 UT WOS:A1997XT04900016 PM 9280184 ER PT J AU Tang, GW AF Tang, GW TI Helicobacter pylori and vitamin A status in children - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP Tang, GW (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER US DEPT AGR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 66 IS 3 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT049 UT WOS:A1997XT04900028 ER PT J AU Santos, MS Meydani, M AF Santos, MS Meydani, M TI Vitamin E supplementation and plasma ascorbate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP Santos, MS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,JEAN MAYER USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 66 IS 3 BP 708 EP 709 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XT049 UT WOS:A1997XT04900029 PM 9280196 ER PT J AU Li, GQ Chen, Y Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Li, GQ Chen, Y Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Catalase-overexpressing transgenic mouse heart is resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contractile force; creatine kinase; infarction; Langendorff; myocardium ID POSTISCHEMIC VENTRICULAR RECOVERY; COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS; STRESS PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SHOCK RESPONSE; RABBIT; DEFENSES; MICE AB Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is at least partially mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals. Catalase is a major enzyme involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. The activity of catalase in the heart is very low, which may be a factor responsible for the high sensitivity of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was undertaken to determine whether elevation of catalase specifically in the heart of transgenic mice can provide protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hearts isolated from transgenic mice in which catalase in the heart was elevated similar to 60-fold higher than that in nontransgenic heart and from the nontransgenic littermates were subjected to 50 min of warm (37 degrees C) zero-flow ischemia followed by 90 min reflow. Compared with nontransgenic controls, transgenic hearts showed significantly improved recovery of contractile force (75 vs. 25% at the end of 90 min reperfusion, P < 0.01). Efflux of creatine kinase was reduced by similar to 50%, and the zone of myocardial infarction as demarcated by triphenyltetrazolium at the end of reperfusion was reduced by similar to 40% in transgenic hearts compared with nontransgenic controls. These findings support the view that hydrogen peroxide is an important cause of ischemia-reperfusion damage and suggest that protection may be provided by elevation of catalase activity. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 550 S Jackson St,3rd Floor,Ambulatory Care Bldg, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 28 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 273 IS 3 BP H1090 EP H1095 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA XV709 UT WOS:A1997XV70900006 ER PT J AU House, WA Wastney, ME AF House, WA Wastney, ME TI Compartmental analysis of zinc kinetics in mature male rats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compartmental model; trace elements; distribution; zinc metabolism ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; INTESTINE; HUMANS; EXCRETION; TISSUES; PLASMA; MODEL; ZN-65 AB A compartmental model of zinc kinetics in mature male rats was developed. The model was based on zinc and radioisotopic zinc measured in samples of plasma, skeletal muscle, kidneys, testes, spleen, bone, and intestinal segments collected at various times for up to 4 days after Zn-65 was injected intravenously. Zinc intake, excretion of zinc and Zn-65 in urine and feces, and the whole body retention of Zn-65 were also determined. Other data used to develop the model included published information on zinc concentration and zinc kinetics in tissues that were not sampled. In the model, the intestinal tract was represented by five compartments. Plasma, spleen, kidneys, and testes were each represented by an individual compartment. In contrast, two compartments each were used to represent exchangeable zinc in liver, bone, skeletal muscle, skin, and red blood cells. The present model extends earlier models of zinc kinetics, describes the distribution of zinc in the whole body, and may provide a means to evaluate the influence of either pathophysiological conditions or dietary extremes on the metabolism of zinc. C1 ARS, USDA, PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 273 IS 3 BP R1117 EP R1125 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA XV805 UT WOS:A1997XV80500037 PM 9321894 ER PT J AU Jetten, TH Focks, DA AF Jetten, TH Focks, DA TI Potential changes in the distribution of dengue transmission under climate warming SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TEMPERATURE; CULICIDAE; MODEL; FEVER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SIMULATION; VALIDATION; STRAINS AB The purpose of the present paper is to document an initial attempt to quantify the influence of warming temperatures on the intensity and distribution of dengue transmission throughout the world using an expression of vectorial capacity modified to reflect the role of temperature on development and survival of the vector and virus. We rearranged the traditional vectorial capacity expression (the mean number of potentially infective contacts made by a mosquito population per infectious person per unit time) to develop an equation for the critical density threshold, an estimate of the number of adult female vectors required to just maintain the virus in a susceptible human population. In this expression, temperature influences adult survival, the lengths of the gonotrophic cycle and the extrinsic incubation period of the virus in the vector, and vector size, a factor that indirectly influences the biting rate. Before making projections for warming scenarios of current climate plus 2 or 4 degrees C, we validate our technique by successfully comparing model projections and the observed spatial, temporal, and altitudinal distribution of dengue using current climate in five cities that are endemic or have had epidemics in the past. Our results indicate that the current warming projection of the International Council of Scientific Unions and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of 2 degrees C by the end of the next century can be expected to result in a potential increase in the latitudinal and altitudinal range of dengue; the potential duration of the transmission season will also increase in temperate locations as well. We discuss how an increase in temperature-related transmission intensity can be expected to lower the average ages of primary and secondary infections and thereby significantly increase the proportion of secondary infections occurring among infants and adolescents, the ages especially susceptible to dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. C1 USDA,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. RP Jetten, TH (reprint author), WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,GRAD SCH PROD ECOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,LAWICKSE ALLEE 13,NL-6701 AN WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Jetten, Theo/G-1721-2015 OI Jetten, Theo/0000-0001-9592-4895 NR 60 TC 144 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XZ010 UT WOS:A1997XZ01000009 PM 9311638 ER PT J AU deLeon, AAP Ribeiro, JMC Tabachnick, WJ AF deLeon, AAP Ribeiro, JMC Tabachnick, WJ TI Identification of a salivary vasodilator in the primary North American vector of bluetongue viruses, Culicoides variipennis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FLY LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; DIPTERA; GLANDS; CERATOPOGONIDAE; TRANSMISSION; MAXADILAN; PEPTIDE; NITROPHORIN; ARTHROPODS AB Several species of Culicoides biting midges are important pests and vectors of pathogens affecting humans and other animals. Bluetongue is the most economically important arthropod-borne animal disease in the United States. Culicoides variipennis is the primary North American vector of the bluetongue viruses. A reddish halo surrounding a petechial hemorrhage was noticed at the site of C. variipennis blood feeding in previously unexposed sheep and rabbits. Salivary gland extracts of nonblood-fed C. variipennis injected intradermally into sheep and rabbits induced cutaneous vasodilation in the form of erythema. A local, dose-dependent erythema, without edema or pruritus, was noted 30 min after injection. Erythema was inapparent with salivary gland extracts obtained after blood feeding. This observation suggested that the vasodilatory activity was inoculated into the host skin at the feeding site. The vasodilatory activity was insoluble in ethanol and destroyed by trypsin or chymotrypsin, which indicated that vasodilation was due to a protein. The association of cutaneous vasodilation with a salivary protein was corroborated by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fractionation of salivary gland extracts by molecular sieving HPLC resulted in maximal vasodilatory activity that coeluted with a protein having a relative molecular weight (MWr) of 22.45 kD. The C. variipennis vasodilator appears to be biologically active at the nanogram level. This vasodilator likely assists C. variipennis during feeding by increasing blood how from host superficial blood vessels surrounding the bite site. The identification of a salivary vasodilator in C. variipennis may have implications for the transmission of Culicoides-borne pathogens and in the development of dermatitis resulting from the sensitization of humans and animals to Culicoides salivary antigens. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP deLeon, AAP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. OI Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XZ010 UT WOS:A1997XZ01000024 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Klesius, PH Vinitnantharat, S AF Bader, JA Klesius, PH Vinitnantharat, S TI Comparison of whole-cell antigens of pressure- and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Objective-To identify and compare immunodominant antigens in whole-cell lysates of pressure-and formalin-killed Flexibacter columnaris. Animals-Sera from naturally infected and vaccinated channel catfish. Procedures-Whole-cell lysates of pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris were compared, and antigens were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigens were identified by staining, western blotting, and specific monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins. Western blotting was performed, using sera from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with naturally acquired F columnaris infection and sera from channel catfish vaccinated with an experimental prototype F columnaris vaccine. Results-Whole-cell lysates of pressure and formalin-killed F columnaris shared 4 proteins: 100, 80, 66, and 60 kd. The 60-kd antigen was a glycoprotein. Western blotting, using sera from naturally infected channel catfish, revealed the same proteins for pressure-and formalin-killed F columnaris. Sera from vaccinated fish reacted only to pressure-killed lysate antigens. Conclusions-Pressure- and formalin-killed F columnaris whole-cell lysates share 100-, 80-, 66-, and 60-kd proteins and are recognized by antibodies from naturally infected catfish and those vaccinated with formalin-killed F columnaris, Formalin treatment modifies or inactivates the 60-kd protein antigens, rendering them unrecognizable to antibodies from channel catfish naturally infected with F columnaris, suggesting that formalin-killed F columnaris may not be suitable for use as a bacterin against columnaris disease. C1 ALPHARMA,AQUAT ANIM HLTH DIV,BELLEVUE,WA 98005. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,FISH DIS & PARASITES RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 9 BP 985 EP 988 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XU029 UT WOS:A1997XU02900012 PM 9285002 ER PT J AU Goth, RW Haynes, KG AF Goth, RW Haynes, KG TI The germplasm release of B0718-3 and B0767-2: Two late blight resistant potato clones SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; late blight resistant germplasm ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; UNITED-STATES; CANADA AB Two potato breeding selections were released by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service on November 14, 1996, as germplasm that is highly resistant to current populations of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) deBary, the causal organism of potato late blight : B0718-3 and B0767-2. These two clones have been evaluated for their reaction to P. infestans in replicated plots at Presque Isle, Maine since 1990. B0718-3 is a netted white-skinned selection with good yields but low specific gravity. It is both male and female fertile and crosses readily with tetraploid Tuberosum. B0767-2 is a russet-skinned selection that is low yielding and low in specific gravity. It has not been successfully crossed; however, it may have some potential use in somatic hybridizations. Neither B0718-3 nor B0767-2 process into acceptable colored chips. Genetic material of this release has been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where it is available for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new cultivars. RP Goth, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1007/BF02851578 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YC951 UT WOS:A1997YC95100006 ER PT J AU Goth, RW Keane, J AF Goth, RW Keane, J TI A detached-leaf method to evaluate late blight resistance in potato and tomato SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum; late blight; disease testing; host resistance ID A2 MATING-TYPE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; UNITED-STATES; MIGRATION; CANADA; MEXICO AB We developed a detached leaf method for evaluating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) germplasm for reactions to Phytophthora infestans, the causal organism of late blight. Primary leaves from the third to the sixth node of potato plants, and the fourth to sixth node of tomato plants were excised at the stem. Their petioles were inserted into 14 mm x 100 mm floral aqua tubes containing 9 ml of sterilized distilled water. The leaves in the aqua tubes were placed with abaxial sides down on galvanized metal hardware cloth (12.5 x 12.5 mm mesh). A 12.5 mm sensi-disc containing 50 mu l of 2 x 10(4) zoospores was placed in the centers of the terminal leaflet and the second leaflet pair of the potato leaf. A single disc was placed on the center of the tomato leaf. The supporting hardware cloth was placed 2.5 cm above distilled water (2.5 cm deep) in 31 cm x 17 cm x 8 cm clear plastic boxes with tight fitting lids. Leaves on intact tomato and potato plants were inoculated in a similar manner and placed in a mist chamber. Lesion growth was determined 4, 5, and 6 days following inoculation. There were no significant differences in reactions to isolates of P.infestans on detached and intact leaves of potato cultivars Green Mountain and Kennebec and the tomato cultivar Bonnie Best. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Goth, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1007/BF02851579 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA YC951 UT WOS:A1997YC95100007 ER PT J AU Papendick, RI Parr, JF AF Papendick, RI Parr, JF TI No-till farming: The way of the future for a sustainable dryland agriculture SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Article DE tillage; farming systems; rainfed; semi-arid; soil conservation; soil quality; organic matter; zero-till ID SOIL AB Most dryland fanning systems depend an tillage to grow crops. There is overwhelming evidence that repeated tillage is destroying the soil resource base and causing adverse environmental impacts. Tillage degrades the fertility of soils, causes air and water pollution, intensifies drought stress, destroys wildlife habitat, wastes fuel energy, and contributes to global warming. Consequently, most tillage-based systems in a dryland environment are not sustainable in the long-term. Today, dryland farmers are expected to produce food in ever greater quantities. This is becoming more difficult to do in view of declining soil quality, most of which is caused by soil tillage. It is becoming well documented scientifically that continuous no-till is the most effective, and practical approach for restoring and improving soil quality which is vital for sustained food production and a healthy environment. With this way of farming crop, residues or other organic amendments are retained on the soil surface and sowing/fertilizing is done with minimal soil disturbance. Research and farmers' experience indicate that with continuous no-till soil organic matter increases, soil structure improves, soil erosion is controlled, and in time crop yields increase substantially from what they were under tillage management, due to improved water relations and nutrient availability. These changes help to promote a cleaner and healthier environment and a more sustainable agriculture. A major obstacle that farmers often face with change to continuous no-till is overcoming yield-limiting factors during the transition years, that is, the first years of no-till following a history of intensive conventional tillage. These factors are often poorly understood and may be biologically-driven. Some of the problems involve residue management and increased weed and disease infestations. Farmer experience seems to indicate that many problems during the transition are temporary and become less important as the no-till system matures and equilibrates. The judicious use of crop rotations, cover crops and same soil disturbance may help reduce agronomic risks during the transition years. Farmers switching to continuous no-till must often seek new knowledge and develop new skills and techniques in order to achieve success with this new and different way of farming. Answers to their questions are urgently needed to provide strategies far promoting no-till as a way to enhance agricultural sustainability for future generations. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Papendick, RI (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 22 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 193 EP 208 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA386 UT WOS:000072358300002 ER PT J AU Unger, PW Schomberg, HH Dao, TH Jones, OR AF Unger, PW Schomberg, HH Dao, TH Jones, OR TI Tillage and crop residue management practices for sustainable dryland farming systems SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Article DE clean tillage; conservation tillage; crop residue management; cropping systems; erosion control; soil conservation; soil organic carbon; soil quality; water conservation; water quality; weed control ID BARLEY STRAW DECOMPOSITION; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; FIELD CONDITIONS; SOIL CARBON; WHEAT STRAW; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SORGHUM PRODUCTION; NITROGEN-CONTENT AB Dryland crop production is limited by precipitation and by soil factors such as texture and profile depth-that affect water storage capacity, pH, fertility, and salinity. When prevailing precipitation and soil factors are not in balance, crops will not yield at their potential and productivity may be impaired because soil degradation processes outweigh conservation practices. Sustainable crop production is possible through use of appropriate tillage and crop residue management practices. When adequate crop residues are available, conservation tillage is highly effective for conserving soil and water, achieving favorable crop yields, maintaining soil organic carbon contents, and soil and water quality. Other tillage methods along with appropriate conservation practices may be needed when crop residues are limited. C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 209 EP 232 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA386 UT WOS:000072358300003 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Havlin, JL Schlegel, AJ AF Halvorson, AD Havlin, JL Schlegel, AJ TI Nutrient management for sustainable dryland farming systems SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Article DE soil fertility; nutrient management; sustainable; dryland systems; semi-arid; efficient-use; water ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREEN-MANURE; WINTER-WHEAT; HAIRY VETCH; COVER CROP; PHOSPHORUS-FERTILIZER; COMPOSTED MANURE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CORN PRODUCTION; GRAIN-SORGHUM AB Managing nutrients in sustainable dryland farming systems requires evaluation of all factors limiting crop yield potential before plant nutrients are applied. In semi-arid areas, plant-available water is generally the major factor limiting yield, followed by N and P fertility. Adaption of minimum-till (MT) and no-till (NT) crop production systems increase soil storage of precipitation during non-crop periods, enabling more intensive cropping (2 crops in 3 years, 3 crops in 4 years, or annual cropping). As cropping intensity increases, so does the need far additional plant nutrients. Soil testing and plant analysis an essential tools for managing crop nutrients in environmentally sound, sustainable farming systems. Banding of nutrients close to the seed at planting will improve nutrient-use efficiency, particularly in MT and NT systems. precision fanning technologies are being developed to apply variable rates of fertilizer across fields rather than a single rate. In addition, seeding equipment is now available to allow one pass variable rate seeding and fertilization with fertilizer placed with the seed, between seed rows, or in bands near the seed. Reduced tillage systems, combined with more intensive cropping and variable rate fertilizer applications, are contributing to a more sustainable dryland fanning system hi semi-arid areas of the North American Great plains. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 233 EP 254 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA386 UT WOS:000072358300004 ER PT J AU Rayburn, AL Birdar, DP Bullock, DG Nelson, RL Gourmet, C Wetzel, JB AF Rayburn, AL Birdar, DP Bullock, DG Nelson, RL Gourmet, C Wetzel, JB TI Nuclear DNA content diversity in Chinese soybean introductions SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Glycine max (L) Merr; germplasm; genome size ID GENOME SIZE VARIATION; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MAIZE; ANGIOSPERMS; ZEA; ALTITUDES; MATURITY; GLYCINE; PLANT AB Intraspecific nuclear DNA content has been documented in various angiosperm species. The purpose of this study was to determine the nuclear DNA content variation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Several studies have suggested that DNA content variation exists in soybean. Ninety soybean lines representing diverse geographic locations in China were analysed by flow cytometry. Nuclei were isolated and stained with either the fluorochrome DAPI or PI. After analysis, it was determined that PI stained nuclei more accurately assessed the total DNA content in soybean. A 12% variation in nuclear DNA content was observed among the 90 lines. The amount of nuclear DNA in the lines was within the DNA range of United States cultivars previously examined. Nuclear DNA content Variation in soybean is much less than the variation reported in maize. These results could be due to the lack of polymorphism in large chromosomal elements containing large blocks of repetitive DNA. In addition, unlike maize, the amounts of DNA variation did not decrease as a result of more intensive breeding in United States cultivars. Intraspecific nuclear DNA content variability is very different between these two major agronomic species. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. C1 UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,DHARWAD 580005,KARNATAKA,INDIA. USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Rayburn, AL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,320 ERML,1201 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1006/anbo.1997.0445 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XT705 UT WOS:A1997XT70500011 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI The Anocellate, flightless genus Lojus McDonald (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lojus spp.; Pentatomidae; taxonomy; brachyptery; ocelli ID WESTERN HEMISPHERE; HEMIPTERA; CONSPECTUS AB The genus Lojus is unique among Western Hemisphere members of the subfamily Pentatonlinae in lacking ocelli. The only other stinkbugs which lack ocelli are brachypterous, which is not the ease in Lojus. However, species of Lojus lack hind wings and are, therefore, flightless. Its generic relationships and tribal classification in the Pentatominae are discussed. A key to the species of the genus is provided, including the 2 newly described species, L. brettlizorum and L. ateuchus, from Costa Rica and Ecuador, respectively. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, SUBTROP AGR RES LAB, 2301 S INT BLVD, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300006 ER PT J AU Neal, JW Chittams, JL Bentz, JA AF Neal, JW Chittams, JL Bentz, JA TI Spring emergence by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): A hedge against high-risk conditions SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Malacosoma americanum; asynchronous emergence; laboratory study; held study ID RESPIRATION RATES; EGG PHENOLOGY; POSTDIAPAUSE; DIAPAUSE; MODEL; HATCH AB Temperature-dependent thermal responses of postdiapause eggs of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.), one of the earliest spring emergent caterpillars in eastern North America, were described from a laboratory study of the effects of constant temperature on larval emergence from egg masses collected weekly and a field study of emergence of the 1st larva per egg mass (H-0) and subsequent daily emergence of larvae from egg masses on host trees in Maryland. Cumulative weekly increases in thermal units decreased the time of H-0 of field-collected eggs incubated at controlled temperatures but had no effect on the lower larval development threshold (T-b). The number of larvae emerging daily from egg masses held at controlled temperatures was temperature-dependent, asynchronous, and indicated that diapause of the pharate larva was terminated before 31 January. For 3 consecutive years, the H-0 among annually deposited egg masses on the same tree was asynchronous, several days lapsing between the 1st and last H-0. The daily rate of emergence among individual egg masses on the same tree also was asynchronous. The number of days to estimated median larval emergence (E-50) was variable, and the length of larval emergence averaged 12 +/- 1.2 d. Daily emergence appears to be relatively independent of temperature. Thus, reducing the risk of mortality of early instars from late winter storms by asynchronous emergence in early spring is a behavior that is apparently random and appears to be under genetic control. RP Neal, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,US NATL ARBORETUM,BLDG 010A,1300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 596 EP 603 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300009 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Aluja, M Lopez, M AF Sivinski, J Aluja, M Lopez, M TI Spatial and temporal distributions of parasitoids of Mexican Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) within the canopies of fruit trees SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Diachasmimorpha; Doryctobracon; Utetes; Aganaspis; microhabitat; foraging ecology ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COSTA-RICA; HOST; FLY; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; CERATITIS; SUSPENSA AB In Veracruz State, Mexico, the temporal and spatial distributions of 5 species of parasitic Hymenoptera attacking larvae of 5 Anastrepha species in 7 species of fruit tree canopies were examined. Parasitism by Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) (Braconidae), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Braconidae), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) was higher in 3 of 4 significant cases in the lower portions of the canopies. U. anastrephae was more abundant in the interior of canopies (2 cases), whereas D. areolatus was more common in the margins (1 case). In 6 of 7 instances the mean sizes of fruits containing parasitoids were smaller than those of infested fruits without parasitoids. U. anastrephae attacked larvae in a narrow range of smaller host-fruit species relative to other parasitoids. The efficiency (proportion of larvae attacked in a fruit) of D. longicaudata compared to that of other parasitoids increased with fruit size. D. longicaudata may be better able to locate or attack hosts in larger fruits. In all of 17 instances there were on average more host larvae in fruits containing parasitoids than in fruits without parasitoids. In all of 18 significant instances the larval density (larvae per gram weight of fruit) was higher in fruits that contained parasitoids than in fruits that did not. Parasitism by D. areolatus, Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), D. longicaudata, and U. anastrephae often changed over time during the fruiting period, but was as likely to decrease as increase. D. areolatus had a pattern of decreasing parasitism during the fruiting periods of individual trees as the season changed from rainy to dry. There were only a few instances of significant relationships between parasitism and local differences in the canopy with respect to fruit numbers, host numbers, and host density. In 2 instances there were significant negative relationships between parasitism caused by the commonly cooccurring D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. In 2 other cases, parasitism by D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata was positively correlated. D. longicaudata is a recent introduction to Mexico and the positive relationships may indicate a niche overlap not present between the 2 native species, D. areolatus and U. anastrephae. Fewer than expected numbers of fruits containing both D. areolatus and U. anastrephae together was further evidence of niche differences. This pattern did not occur in fruits containing D. crawfordi and D. longicaudata. Information on the distribution of parasitoids at levels ranging from within canopies to across regions may guide biological control efforts, allowing the match of candidate species to locations. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 50 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 604 EP 618 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300010 ER PT J AU Hentz, M Ellsworth, P Naranjo, S AF Hentz, M Ellsworth, P Naranjo, S TI Biology and morphology of Chelonus sp. nr. curvimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a parasitoid of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Chelonus sp. nr. curvimaculatus; Pectinophora gossypiella; biological control; parasitoid ID HOST TRICHOPLUSIA-NI AB A general description of the life stages of Chelonus sp. nr. curvimaculatus, an egg-larval parasitoid of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), is presented. Pink bollworms were reared in the laboratory on a wheat germ diet. At 29 degrees C, parasitoid eggs (0.12-0.18 mm) begin to eclose approximate to 22 h after oviposition. Three instars occur in this species. The 1st instar is endoparasitic and ranged in length from 0.14 mm (neonate) to 1.25 mm (approximate to 9 d old, end of the 1st stadium). The 2nd instar also is endoparasitic and is 1.89-3.04 mm long. This stadium lasts approximate to 2-3 d. The 3rd instar is an average of 3.82 mm long and is endoparasitic early in its development but becomes ectoparasitic toward the completion of its development. This stadium lasts approximate to 3 d. The pupal stage lasts approximate to 6-7 d. Adult parasitoids begin to emerge approximate to 21 d after oviposition. Parasitized and unparasitized pink bollworm larvae developed through 4 stadia. Larval head capsule widths, body lengths, and weights of parasitized pink bollworms are significantly smaller than those of unparasitized larvae during the 3rd and 4th stadia. Parasitized 4th-instar pink bollworms have a mean head width of 0.8687 mm, body length of 6.28 mm, and weight of 6.9 mg. Fourth-instar unparasitized pink bollworm measurements were 1.0743 mm, 9.31 mm, and 17.7 mg, respectively. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,MARICOPA AGR CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP Hentz, M (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,POB 8003,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 631 EP 639 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300013 ER PT J AU Schreiber, DE Garner, KJ Slavicek, JM AF Schreiber, DE Garner, KJ Slavicek, JM TI Identification of three randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction markers for distinguishing Asian and North American gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction; sequence-characterized amplified region ID RAPD-PCR AB Gypsy moths originating in Asia have recently been introduced into North America, making it necessary to develop markers for distinguishing the Asian strain from the established North American population. We have identified 3 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction generated (RAPD-PCR) markers which are specific for either Asian or North American moths. The FS-2 and FS-3 markers are specific for the North American strain, and the FS-4 marker is specific for moths from Ear east Asia. The 3 RAPD-amplified fragments have been cloned and sequenced, and locus-specific primers have been developed for the FS-3 marker. These markers, in combination with other markers already available, will be useful for increasing the accuracy of identification of suspect moth specimens. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 667 EP 674 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300018 ER PT J AU Rana, RL Charlet, LD AF Rana, RL Charlet, LD TI Feeding behavior and egg maturation of the red and gray sunflower seed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on cultivated sunflower SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE sunflower; Smicronyx fulvus; Smicronyx sordidus; feeding behavior; Helianthus; sunflower seed weevils ID SMICRONYX-FULVUS COLEOPTERA; BIONOMICS AB Adult gray and red sunflower seed weevils, Smicronyx sordidus LeConte and Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, respectively, are pests of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., and use the plant as food and an oviposition site. The evolved behavior of these weevils minimizes competition for food and oviposition sites on the sunflower plant. Both male and female S. sordidus fed more on leaves of sunflower hybrid '894' than on disk flowers. Mature eggs developed when females were given access to prebloom R1-R3 stage sunflower plants. Females feeding only on blooming capitula did not develop mature eggs even after 12 d. S. fulvus females fed more on sunflower hybrid '894' disk flowers than on leaves or bracts; males fed more on disk flowers and leaves than on bracts. Females exposed to prebloom stages (R1-R4) did not produce mature eggs, but did so when access was prolonged until bloom stage (R5.1). Females confined in blooming capitula developed mature eggs after 4 d. Pollen stimulated egg maturation only when mixed with other foods such as ground sunflower seed, sucrose, or water. The preference of each weevil species for a particular sunflower plant tissue, organ, or structure, and growth stage for feeding and reproduction may be useful in developing efficient management strategies for these sunflower pests. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP Rana, RL (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,INST BIOCHEM PHYSIOL LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 90 IS 5 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YH003 UT WOS:A1997YH00300022 ER PT J AU Shieh, MT Brown, RL Whitehead, MP Cary, JW Cotty, PJ Cleveland, TE Dean, RA AF Shieh, MT Brown, RL Whitehead, MP Cary, JW Cotty, PJ Cleveland, TE Dean, RA TI Molecular genetic evidence for the involvement of a specific polygalacturonase, P2c, in the invasion and spread of Aspergillus flavus in cotton bolls SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES; COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; NIGER; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; PARASITICUS; PECTINASES AB Isolates of Aspergillus flavus can be differentiated based on production of the polygalacturonase P2c. One group of isolates produces P2c, whereas the other group does not. In general, the group that produces P2c causes more damage and spreads to a greater extent in cotton bolls than those isolates that do not produce P2c. To determine whether P2c contributes to disease, the expression of PecA, the gene previously determined to encode P2c, was genetically altered. Adding the pecA gene to a strain previously lacking the gene resulted in the ability to reuse significantly more damage to the intercarpellary membrane and the ability spread to a greater extent within the adjacent locule compared to the abilities of a control transformant. Conversely, eliminating the expression of pecA by targeted disruption caused a significant reduction in aggressiveness compared to that of a nondisrupted control transformant. These results provide direct evidence that P2c contributes to the invasion and spread of A. flavus during infection of cotton bolls. However, other factors not evaluated in this study also contribute to aggressiveness. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USDA ARS,SO REG RES LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70719. NR 34 TC 107 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 63 IS 9 BP 3548 EP 3552 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XV510 UT WOS:A1997XV51000033 PM 9293005 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Craig, JC AF Taylor, F Kurantz, MJ Goldberg, N Craig, JC TI Effects of ethanol concentration and stripping temperature on continuous fermentation rate SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL RECYCLE; DESIGN AB The operation of a pilot plant consisting of a 14-1 fermenter, 10-cm packed column and condenser for continuous fermentation and stripping of ethanol was stable for more than 100 days. The feed consisted of a non-sterile solution of 560 g/l glucose with 100 g/l corn steep water. Fouling of the packing in the column with attached growth of yeast cells was controlled by in situ washing at intervals of 3-6 days. A computer simulation of the pilot plant was developed and used to analyze the data. The productivity of the continuous fermenter varied from 14 g ethanol to 17 g ethanol l(-1) h(-1). The yield was equal to the maximum theoretically possible: 0.51 g ethanol/g glucose consumed. Results are fit to linear models for the effects of ethanol concentration on specific growth rate and cell yield, and for the effect of stripping temperature on specific growth rate. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 48 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YA950 UT WOS:A1997YA95000005 PM 9352673 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Fields, RE AF Harnly, JM Fields, RE TI Solid state array detectors for analytical spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review ID CHARGE-INJECTION DEVICE; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGING MICROSCOPY; TUNABLE FILTER; ICP-OES; SYSTEM RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA,BHNRC,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 63 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 51 IS 9 BP A334 EP A351 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA XZ289 UT WOS:A1997XZ28900003 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Hopson, MS AF Zimba, PV Hopson, MS TI Quantification of epiphyte removal efficiency from submersed aquatic plants SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE attached algae; epiphytes; Hydrilla verticillata; Najas guadalupensis; Potamogeton illineonsis ID OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; FOOD-WEBS; MACROPHYTES; ALGAE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; COMMUNITY; AUFWUCHS; DIATOMS AB Three independent methods were used to quantify the efficiency of a mechanical agitation technique for the removal of epiphytes from four submersed macrophyte species. Time course samples were collected for epiphytic chlorophyll, dry weight, and algal and diatom cell counts following cumulative agitation periods of 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Statistically identical removal efficiencies were found for all macrophyte host species. Mean removal time for over 88% removal efficiency was 40 +/- 6 s. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV BRASILIA,DEPT ECOL,BR-70919970 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00002-8 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YJ680 UT WOS:A1997YJ68000008 ER PT J AU Clevidence, BA Judd, JT Schaefer, EJ Jenner, JL Lichtenstein, AH Muesing, RA Wittes, J Sunkin, ME AF Clevidence, BA Judd, JT Schaefer, EJ Jenner, JL Lichtenstein, AH Muesing, RA Wittes, J Sunkin, ME TI Plasma lipoprotein (a) levels in men and women consuming diets enriched in saturated, cis-, or trans-monounsaturated fatty acids SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein(a); human diet; trans-fatty acids; hydrogenated fat; saturated fat; dietary fatty acids; monounsaturated fat; elaidic acid ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES DIET; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STEARIC-ACID; RISK FACTOR; SERUM-LIPIDS; HIGH-DENSITY; HEALTHY-MEN; FISH-OIL; LP(A) AB Studies that have shown adverse effects of transunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels have used levels of trans-fatty acid that are higher than those in the average U.S. diet. This study was conducted to clarify the effects on Lp(a) of trans-fatty acids levels commonly found in U.S. diets. Lp(a) levels were measured in a double-blind study of 29 men and 29 women who ate 4 controlled diets in random order for 6 weeks each. Fatty acids represented 39% to 40% of energy. The diets were: (1) Oleic (16.7% of energy as oleic acid); (2) Moderate trans (3.8% of energy as trans-monoenes, approximately the trans content of the U.S. diet); (3) High trans (6.6% of energy as trans-monoenes); (4) Saturated (16.2% of energy as lauric plus myristic plus palmitic acids). The Saturated diet lowered Lp(a) levels significantly (by 8% to 11%). Compared to the Oleic diet, the trans diets had no adverse effect on Lp(a) levels when all subjects were considered collectively. A subset with initially high levels of Lp(a) (greater than or equal to 30 mg/dL), however, responded to the High trans diet with a slight (5%) increase in Lp(a) levels relative to the Oleic and Moderate trans diets. Thus, in amounts commonly found in the typical U.S. diet, saturated fatty acids consistently decrease Lp(a) concentrations. The adverse effects of replacing cis-with trans-fatty acids are only suggestive and are restricted to high trans intakes in subjects with high Lp(a) levels. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,LIPID RES CLIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. STAT COLLABORAT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Clevidence, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG0029] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1657 EP 1661 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YA612 UT WOS:A1997YA61200006 PM 9327759 ER PT J AU LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Ostos, MA Marin, C Jansen, S Salas, J BlancoMolina, A JimenezPereperez, JA LopezSegura, F PerezJimenez, F AF LopezMiranda, J Ordovas, JM Ostos, MA Marin, C Jansen, S Salas, J BlancoMolina, A JimenezPereperez, JA LopezSegura, F PerezJimenez, F TI Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is modulated by genetic variation at the apolipoprotein B gene locus SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postprandial lipemia; apolipoprotein B; XbaI polymorphism; triglycerides; retinyl palmitate ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; INSERTION DELETION POLYMORPHISM; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; APOPROTEIN-E PHENOTYPE; VITAMIN-A METABOLISM; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA POLYMORPHISMS AB Apolipoprotein B (apo B) plays a dominant role in cholesterol homeostasis. Several polymorphic sites within or adjacent to the gene locus for apo B have been detected. The X+ allele (XbaI restriction site present) of the XbaI restriction fragment polymorphism on the apo B gene has been found in some studies to be associated with higher serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels and with greater dietary response. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the apo B XbaI polymorphism was associated with the interindividual variability observed during postprandial lipemia. Fifty-one healthy young male volunteers [20 X-/X-(X-), and 31 X+/X- or X+/X+ (X+)], homozygotes for the apo E3 allele, were subjected to a vitamin A-fat load test. Subjects with the X- genotype had significantly greater retinyl palmitate (RP) and apo B-48 postprandial responses on both the large and the small TRL lipoprotein fractions compared with X+ subjects. In summary, subjects with the X-/X- genotype at the apo B locus have a greater postprandial response than Xi subjects. These differences observed in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism could explain some of the reported associations of this polymorphism to coronary heart disease risk. C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,UNIDAD LIPIDOS & ARTERIOSCLEROSIS,CORDOBA 14004,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 94 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1765 EP 1773 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YA612 UT WOS:A1997YA61200022 PM 9327775 ER PT J AU Klich, M AF Klich, M TI Aspergillus reference cultures SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 AGR RES SERV,USDA,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD SEP PY 1997 VL 63 IS 9 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XW125 UT WOS:A1997XW12500002 ER PT J AU Bermudez, AJ Ledoux, DR Rottinghaus, GE Stogsdill, PL Bennett, GA AF Bermudez, AJ Ledoux, DR Rottinghaus, GE Stogsdill, PL Bennett, GA TI Effects of feeding Fusarium fujikuroi culture material containing known levels of moniliformin in turkey poults SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL OCCURRENCE; BROILER-CHICKENS; VAR-SUBGLUTINANS; TOXICITY; CORN; DUCKLINGS AB An experiment was conducted with 180 female turkey poults to evaluate the effects of Fusarium fujikuroi M-1214 culture material, containing moniliformin (M), on turkey poults. Day-old female poults were allotted randomly to dietary treatments containing 0, 0.24, 0.48, 0.72, 0.96, 1.44, 1.92, 2.40 and 2.88% M culture material (MCM). These levels of MCM supplied 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 mg M/kg of feed. Significant mortality occurred in poults fed 200 (six out of 20), 250 (nine out of 20) and 300 (nine out of 20) mg M/kg feed. Poults fed 100 mg M/kg or greater had lower (P<0.05) feed intakes than controls. Decreased body weight gains were observed in poults fed diets containing 100 mg M/kg or higher. In contrast, feed conversion was only affected (P<0.05) at dietary levels of 200 mg M/kg feed or higher. increased heart weights (P<0.05) were observed in poults fed greater than or equal to 50 mg M/kg. Gross lesions of M toxicity were a generalized cardiomegaly. Histopathology revealed focally extensive to generalized loss of cardiomyocyte cross striations (granular change) and numerous large cardiomyocyte nuclei in poults fed greater than or equal to 50 and 100 mg M/kg, respectively. Results indicated that Fusarium fujikuroi culture material containing moniliformin at greater than or equal to 50 mg M/kg is toxic to turkey poults. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET BIOMED SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1080/03079459708419235 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ622 UT WOS:A1997XZ62200008 PM 18484265 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Latimer, K AF Hafner, S Latimer, K TI Cutaneous mast cell tumours with pulmonary metastasis in a hen SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-KIT; MASTOCYTOSIS; TUMORS AB Multiple, firm, white, 0.5- to 2-cm dermal nodules and three discrete 0.5- to 1-cm pulmonary masses were discovered in a hen carcass at slaughter. Microscopic examination of both dermal and pulmonary tumours revealed solid sheets of individual cells with central round nuclei and granular to vacuolated cycoplasm. Both toluidine blue and Giemsa stains revealed numerous cells with metachromatic cytoplasmic granules. Dermal rumours contained both collagen degeneration and infiltrates of eosinophils. Ultrastructural examination of tumour cells confirmed the presence of typical avian mast cell granules. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,RUSSELL RES CTR,EASTERN LAB,USDA,COLL STN RD,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1080/03079459708419242 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ622 UT WOS:A1997XZ62200015 PM 18483935 ER PT J AU GraciaGarza, JA Bailey, BA Paulitz, TC Lumsden, RD Releder, RD Roberts, DP AF GraciaGarza, JA Bailey, BA Paulitz, TC Lumsden, RD Releder, RD Roberts, DP TI Effect of sclerotial damage of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on the mycoparasitic activity of Trichoderma hamatum SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Trichoderma hamatum; Bradysia coprophilia; fungus gnats; sclerotia; glucanase; chitinase ID CELL-WALLS; GERMINATION; BIOCONTROL; DISEASES AB Damaged sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum buried in soil infested with Trichoderma hamatum isolate TMCS-3 were degraded rapidly when the medulla of sclerotia was completely exposed by the feeding activity of larvae of the fungus gnat Bradysia coprophila. These heavily damaged sclerotia also enhanced in vitro, the growth of TMCS-3. Growth of TMCS-3 in liquid culture was studied using different carbon sources as substrates, including sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. Significantly more biomass of TMCS-3 was recovered using sclerotia as a substrate compared to other carbon sources tested. Exudates fr om sclerotia whose melanized rinds had been completely removed by feeding larvae accelerated the germination of conidia of TMCS-3. Concentrations of amino acids, carbohydrates and proteins in the sclerotial exudates were not increased as damage to sclerotia was increased. Exudation of electrolytes was higher in undamaged than damaged sclerotia. Glucanase activity of TMCS-3 was slightly increased when the fungus was exposed to damaged sclerotia. However, chitinase activity was not increased by damaging the sclerotia. Larval damage altered the sclerotia not only physically but also chemically, thereby enhancing the activity of the fungus T. hamatum. C1 MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,QUEBEC CITY,PQ H9X 3V9,CANADA. USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,PEST MANAGEMENT RES CTR,DELHI,ON N4B 2W9,CANADA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 401 EP 413 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA YJ689 UT WOS:A1997YJ68900011 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Hebbar, KP Strem, M Darlington, LC Lumsden, RD AF Bailey, BA Hebbar, KP Strem, M Darlington, LC Lumsden, RD TI An alginate prill formulation of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f. sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum; alginate formulation; mycoherbicide; coca (Erythroxylum coca); biological control; ecology ID PROLIFERATION; SOIL AB A rice alginate prill formulation of isolate EN-4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca), was evaluated in greenhouse and field studies for its ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil and cause disease in coca. The formulation was applied to four different soil types in the greenhouse at 33.6 kg ha(-1). It enhanced the population of EN-4 in each soil and most (>90%) of the fungal population remained in the upper 5 cm of soil during the 49-day experiment. When applied in field experiments, the formulation enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil. Isolate EN-4 was present in the upper 7.6 cm of soil 28 days after application at populations similar to those in the greenhouse studies (1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(4) colony-forming units (CFUs)/g of soil). Elevated populations of the pathogen (1 x 10(2) CFUs/g of soil) were still present in treated soils 229 days after application of the formulation. The areas used for field studies were already infested with the pathogen and typically developed high levels of fusarium wilt within 2 years of planting with coca. The formulated F. oxysporum began having a significant effect on plant death 100-200 days after application based on repeated measures analysis. These data suggest that a formulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli which enhances the incidence of fusarium wilt in coca fields crm be produced using established techniques. C1 WEED SCI LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BARC W,ROOM 275,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 423 EP 435 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA YJ689 UT WOS:A1997YJ68900013 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ AF Geden, CJ TI Evaluation of Paraiotonchium muscadomesticae (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae), a potential biological control agent of the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomogenous nematode; insect-parasitic nematode; Musca domestica; Paraiotonchium muscadomesticae; biocontrol ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; FLIES DIPTERA; FLY AB When housefly eggs were exposed to Paraiotonchium muscadomesticae Coler and Nguyen from nematode-infected flies, an IC50 (concentration resulting in 50% of the hosts becoming infected) of 23.7 gamogenetic nematodes/fly egg was observed, with an IC90 of 183.8. Mortality was low except at high nematode concentrations (LC50 = 4901, LC90 = 102,517). Infected adult flies of both sexes lived about half as long as uninfected flies. Examination of nematode age structure in infected flies revealed that mature gamogenetic females produced about 8 parthenogenetic females each regardless of nematode crowding levels. In contrast, production of new gamogenetic nematodes by parthenogenetic females was density-dependent, with average reproductive rates ranging from 1627 progeny/parthenogenetic female at 8 females/host to 330 progeny at 83 females/host. Infected flies contained 12,000-45,000 new gamogenetic nematodes 10-14 days after fly emergence. The percentage of male flies infected with the nematode was equal to the percentage of females infected with the nematode. Gamogenetic nematodes required 24 h after deposition into fly larval rearing medium before they were capable of infecting new host larvae. Nematodes persisted in rearing medium for 3-5 days after deposition; no infections were observed at 7 and 10 days after deposition. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CTR MED VET & AGR ENTOMOL,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0540 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XU961 UT WOS:A1997XU96100007 ER PT J AU Poprawski, TJ Carruthers, RI Speese, J Vacek, DC Wendel, LE AF Poprawski, TJ Carruthers, RI Speese, J Vacek, DC Wendel, LE TI Early-season applications of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and introduction of the hemipteran predator Perillus bioculatus for control of Colorado potato beetle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Colorado potato beetle; Beauveria bassiana; entomopathogenic fungi; foliar applications; Perillus bioculatus; predator; microbial control ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA COLEOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; LARVAE; DEFOLIATION; INFECTION; VUILLEMIN; COL AB Unformulated conidia of the fungus Beauveria bassiana were applied to potato plots, with and without the hemipteran predator Perillus bioculatus, in an attempt to reduce field populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and to compare their efficacy to currently utilized methods of chemical insecticide control. Dry conidia were mixed in a water/ 0.01% Silwet suspension and applied with a backpack sprayer, at a rate of 5 x 10(13) viable conidia/ha. Small nymphs (first and second instars) of the predator were released at the rate of one nymph/plant. Four rapid (at 3- to 4-day intervals) early-season (at the green row and touch in row growth stages of potato) foliar applications of the fungus and four releases (at weekly intervals) of the predator were made. The observed rate of mycosis in the treated larval populations was >90% 2 days after the last fungal application. The seasonal treatment effects on small (first and second instars) and large (third and fourth instars) larvae were examined. There were no differences in densities of small larvae in any of the treatments. However, the seasonal densities of large larvae were 41.4, 9.7, 20.7, and 9.1/plant in the control, Beauveria, chemical insecticides (esfenvalerate plus piperonylbutoxide and oxamyl plus carbofuran), and Beauveria-Perillus treatments, respectively. The respective seasonal percent efficacies (control corrected) of the treatments in reducing populations of large larvae were 76.6, 50.2, and 78.0% with the Beauveria, insecticide, and Beauveria-Perillus treatments. Large larvae cause most of the defoliation of potato plants; B. bassiana applied at 3- to 4-day intervals to early instars eliminated most of this pressure. Applications of the fungus provided substantial foliar protection and proved to be significantly more effective than parallel insecticide treatments and much more effective than no treatment. The role of the predator in limiting defoliation through predation on egg masses and small larvae was unclear. Although yields of marketable tubers showed no treatment differences, the significant reductions in larval densities, the prevalence of infection in held collections, and the substantial foliage protection confirmed the potential of B. bassiana conidia to infect and kill. Colorado potato beetle for crop protection. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. ARS,USDA,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,EASTERN SHORE AGR EXPT STN,PAINTER,VA 23420. USDA,MISSION BIOL CONTROL CTR,APHIS PLANT PROTECT & QUARANTINE,MISSION,TX 78572. RP Poprawski, TJ (reprint author), ARS,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,USDA,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0537 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA XU961 UT WOS:A1997XU96100008 ER PT J AU Swelim, DM Hashem, FM Kuykendall, LD Hegazi, NI AbdelWahab, SM AF Swelim, DM Hashem, FM Kuykendall, LD Hegazi, NI AbdelWahab, SM TI Host specificity and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium strains nodulating Leucaena, Acacia, and Sesbania in Egypt SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE biological nitrogen fixation; Bradyrhizobium; legume trees; plant-microbe interaction; sustainable agriculture ID INTRINSIC ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; LEUCOCEPHALA LAM DEWIT; FAST-GROWING RHIZOBIA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLASMID PROFILES; GEN-NOV; BRADYRHIZOBIUM; SOIL; JAPONICUM; MELILOTI AB Phenotypic diversity was studied among 13 Rhizobium strains selected from a total of 160 Rhizobium isolates from root nodules of Leucaena leucocephala. Two strains from Acacia saligna and two strains from Sesbania sesban plants were included in the examination for host range in the greenhouse. The Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains were different from the reference strains and fell into three distinct groups for the utilization of 95 different carbon sources. Four of the best symbionts constituted a group, the majority of the strains fell into a second group, and strain DS 91 was the only member of the third group. Strains were effective symbionts for their original hosts. Nine strains were tolerant to elevated temperature (>42 degrees C), and three strains were resistant to high salinity (>3% NaCl). All Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains effectively nodulated L. leucocephala and L. culensii, but nitrogen fixation was greater with L. leucocephala than with L. culensii. These strains failed to form effective symbioses with two other species of Leucaena (L. retusa and L. divursiflora) or with alfalfa, Medicago sativa. Rhizobium sp. (Leucaena) strains DS 65, DS 78, and DS 158 nodulated and efficiently fixed nitrogen with Phaseolus vulgaris, with DS 65 showing the highest symbiotic capability. Strain DS 65 also nodulated and fixed nitrogen with Glycine max and Vigna sinensis. Nodulation of Leucaena by two Bradyrhizobium sp. (Acacia) strains was sparse. Strain DS 101 from Sesbania formed nodules on Leucaena, whereas the other strain from Sesbania, DS 110, failed to nodulate this genus. C1 ARS,USDA,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR RES CTR,SOIL & WATER RES INST,GIZA,EGYPT. CAIRO UNIV,FAC AGR,GIZA,EGYPT. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s003740050307 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA XY710 UT WOS:A1997XY71000002 ER PT J AU Levander, OA AF Levander, OA TI Selenium requirements as discussed in the 1996 joint FAO/IAEA/WHO expert consultation on trace elements in human nutrition SO BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine CY AUG 18-22, 1996 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA ID SELENIFEROUS AREA; CHINA AB In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency oi the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level oi tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and appropriate. In the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 mu g/day, respectively, These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30 mu g/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds oi the maximal plasma glutathione per oxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake oi 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes al selenium around the world. RP Levander, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BLDG 307,RM 201,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINESE ACAD PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PI ORLANDO PA C/O ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 6277 SEA HARBOR DR, ORLANDO, FL 32887-4900 SN 0895-3988 J9 BIOMED ENVIRON SCI JI Biomed. Environ. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XX838 UT WOS:A1997XX83800013 PM 9315313 ER PT J AU Nassar, AEF Rusling, JF Kumosinski, TF AF Nassar, AEF Rusling, JF Kumosinski, TF TI Salt and pH effects on electrochemistry of myoglobin in thick films of a bilayer-forming surfactant SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE myoglobin; electron transfer; protein-surfactant films; salt effects; protein unfolding ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME-C; VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR; MONOLAYER ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE ELECTRODE; PROTEIN STABILITY; GOLD ELECTRODES; LIPID BILAYERS; CAST FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Salt concentration and pH of external solutions were shown to control the electrochemistry of the heme protein myoglobin (MbFe(III)-H2O) in stable, ordered films of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB). Protonation of (a)quometmyoglobin (MbFe(III)-H2O) in these films precedes electron transfer from electrodes, causing formal potentials to shift negative as pH increases from 5 to 8. At pH > 8, MbFe(III)-H2O dissociates to MbFe(III)-OH, which is reduced directly at the electrode at higher rates than MbFe(III)-H2O. Correlations of voltammetric data with FT-IR spectra suggested that at pH < 4.6, an unfolded form of Mb resides in the films and is reduced directly. The concentration of salt in solution influences electrochemical properties of Mb-DDAB films by its influence on Mb conformation and by effects on interfacial Donnan potentials. NMR indicated strong binding of anions to Mb within DDAB films. Bound anions may neutralize positive charge on Mb's surface so that it can reside in a partly hydrophobic environment, as postulated on the basis of previous ESR and linear dichroism studies. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03154] NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 67 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0301-4622(97)00027-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA YH206 UT WOS:A1997YH20600011 PM 9397521 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Yoder, BJ AF Ryan, MG Yoder, BJ TI The missing link - Reply SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1997 VL 47 IS 8 BP 476 EP 476 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XT244 UT WOS:A1997XT24400004 ER PT J AU Holt, SM Cote, GL AF Holt, SM Cote, GL TI Cloning and characterization of a sucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE; GENE; DNA AB A sucrase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned enzyme did not show dextransucrase or sucrose phosphorylase activity. HPLC and GC-MS analyses of the sucrase products indicated the presence of fructose and glucose in equimolar amounts. IPTG induction did not increase sucrase activity in E. coli indicating that the cloned gene may be transcribed from its own promoter. To our knowledge, this is the first sucrase cloned from L. mesenteroides that has invertase activity. RP Holt, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 19 IS 9 BP 903 EP 907 DI 10.1023/A:1018302123790 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XU184 UT WOS:A1997XU18400018 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, P Skarbek, A Pina, M Graille, J Foglia, TA AF Villeneuve, P Skarbek, A Pina, M Graille, J Foglia, TA TI Catalytic behavior of Carica papaya latex in transesterification reactions SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SPECIFICITY; LIPASE AB The Carica papaya latex-catalyzed transesterification of tricaprylin with various acyl donors gave good yields of transesterified triacylglycerols with vinyl laurate and lauric acid whereas alkyl laurates reacted poorly. Using dried or water washed latex as the catalyst resulted in improved yields in shorter reaction times with the free acid and vinyl ester but not with the alkyl esters. C1 USDA,ERRC,HIDES LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. CIRAD CP,LAB LIPOTECHNIE,F-34032 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. RI Villeneuve, Pierre/C-1264-2008 OI Villeneuve, Pierre/0000-0003-1685-1494 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 BP 637 EP 639 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XW041 UT WOS:A1997XW04100006 ER PT J AU Kisaalita, WS Slininger, PJ Bothast, RJ AF Kisaalita, WS Slininger, PJ Bothast, RJ TI Kinetic fluorometry of the iron-pyoverdine complex in acetate buffer media SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; PURIFICATION; TRANSPORT; PIGMENT AB In the presence of iron and acetate, the rate of increase of Pseudomonas fluorescens pyoverdine fluorescence was inversely proportional to the iron concentration, up to approximately 200 mu g/l. An assay based on this observation would however require calibration curves to be generated in a matrix similar to that of the sample. Pyoverdine has an affinity for Fe(ll), suggesting that it may be necessary to convert Fe(II) to Fe(III) prior to assay. More detailed work regarding the mechanism underlying the change in fluorescence, assay specificity, accuracy and precision is necessary to establish this method as a new analytical technique. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Kisaalita, WS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DRIFTMIER ENGN CTR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 BP 649 EP 651 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XW041 UT WOS:A1997XW04100009 ER PT J AU Benito, P House, W Miller, D AF Benito, P House, W Miller, D TI Influence of iron supplementation frequency on absorption efficiency and mucosal ferritin in anaemic rats SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron; ferritin; mucosa ID CELLS AB It is believed that frequent Fe doses decrease the efficiency of absorption as a consequence of the loading of intestinal mucosal cells with Fe from the previous supplemental dose. We examined this premise in thirty anaemic Sprague-Dawley rats given Fe supplements as FeSO4 in 1 g preparations of a 50:50 (w/w mixture of low-Fe diet and sucrose under one of the following regimens: one 3 mg Fe dose daily for 3 d, four 0.75 mg doses daily at 6 h intervals for 3 d, and one 9 mg dose on day 1 followed by two placebo (low-Fe diet) doses on days 2 and 3. All groups were fed on two low-Fe meals daily (8.3 mg Fe/kg diet). After an overnight fast rats were dosed with 1 ml of an Fe-59-labelled ferric nitrilotriacetic acid solution (3.7 kBq Fe-59, 50 mu g Fe) orally and killed 10 h later. Absorption of Fe-59 was measured as the percentage of the Fe-59 retained by the carcass without the gastrointestinal tract 10h after dosing relative to the initial Fe-59 dose. Haemoglobin-Fe gain, liver non-haem-Fe, and mucosal duodenal ferritin were determined after the 30 supplementation period. Absorption of the test dose in rats supplemented once 3 d before assessment of Fe absorption was 2.6-fold greater than those supplemented with daily single doses and 1.9-fold greater than those supplemented with daily multiple doses. Our data indicate that both mucosal ferritin and liver Fe levels account for the higher absorption efficiency found in rats supplemented once to simulate intermittent regimens. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1079/BJN19970164 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XU238 UT WOS:A1997XU23800011 PM 9306887 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Gupta, SK AF Bakst, MR Gupta, SK TI Preincubation storage of turkey eggs: impact on rate of early embryonic development SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC-FOWL; HATCHING EGGS; HATCHABILITY; VARIABILITY; CLEAVAGE; PERIOD AB 1. The effect of cooling and storage on preincubation development of turkey em 2. Fresh laid eggs were stored at 15 degrees C for 3, 7, or 14 d (group 1) or held initially at room temperature (21 degrees C) for 6 to 9 h and subsequently stored at 15 degrees C for 3, 7, or 14 d (group 2). 3. Most embryos in eggs from both groups progressed developmentally to Stage-8, just prior to onset of hypoblast formation. There were no significant differences in embryo development either within or between groups. 4. It is concluded that under the conditions of this study, egg cooling and storage augment development of the embryo, albeit only slightly. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, GGPL, BARC E, BLDG 262, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1080/00071669708418005 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XY417 UT WOS:A1997XY41700008 PM 9347145 ER PT J AU Shaw, A Lin, YJ Pfeil, E AF Shaw, A Lin, YJ Pfeil, E TI Qualitative and quantitative analysis of diazinon in fabric exposed to various simulated sunlight and humidity conditions SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECONTAMINATION C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Shaw, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE,DEPT HUMAN ECOL,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 59 IS 3 BP 389 EP 395 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XN745 UT WOS:A1997XN74500008 PM 9256391 ER PT J AU Sung, SS Black, CC Kormanik, TL Zarnoch, SJ Kormanik, PP Counce, PA AF Sung, SS Black, CC Kormanik, TL Zarnoch, SJ Kormanik, PP Counce, PA TI Fall nitrogen fertilization and the biology of Pinus taeda seedling development SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SITCHENSIS BONG CARR; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ALLOCATION PATTERNS; SUCROSE METABOLISM; WATER-STRESS; GROWTH; SEASON; CARBON; NUTRITION; AUTUMN AB In mid-September when stems and roots of nursery-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings are actively accumulating dry weight (DW), an extra 10, 20, or 40 kg NH4NO3.ha(-1) (10N, 20N, 40N) was applied. Seedlings receiving no extra N (ON) were the controls. The temporal patterns of seedling growth, nutrient concentrations, and sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities were determined during that fall and winter to assess the dynamics of seedling vigor. The 40N-treated seedlings had significantly fewer culls and greater first-order lateral root numbers, root collar diameter, DW of needle, stem, and root, and N concentration (percentage of DW) and content (milligrams per seedling) than controls and the 10N-treated seedlings. However, the temporal patterns of DW allocation, sugar metabolism, or the concentrations of P, K, Mg, and Ca were not affected by fall N fertilization. These results fit the hypothesis that basic plant morphological and biochemical processes, e.g., periodicity in stem and root DW growth or in stem and root sucrolysis and glycolysis, were not altered by human-made changes such as fall N fertilization. Fall N fertilization near 40 kg N.ha(-1) is a beneficial treatment because it decreased the number of culls and increased seedling N concentrations and DW without causing nutrient imbalance or detectably disturbing seedling development. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROPS & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,BIOMETR SECT,SO RES STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. UNIV ARKANSAS,NE RES & EXTENS CTR,KEISER,AR 72351. RP Sung, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,SO RES STN,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1406 EP 1412 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-9-1406 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YG684 UT WOS:A1997YG68400011 ER PT J AU Wolf, WJ Lawton, JW AF Wolf, WJ Lawton, JW TI Isolation and characterization of zein from corn distillers' grains and related fractions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-RICH RESIDUE; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; BLENDED FOODS; BY-PRODUCTS; FLOUR; ELECTROPHORESIS; MAIZE; MEALS AB Corn distillers' grains with solubles (CDGS), the major coproduct of fermentation of corn to produce ethanol, were extracted with 0.1M NaOH, 0.1% dithiothreitol (DTT), and 0.5% SDS yielding 35% of the total nitrogen and approximate to 25% of the protein nitrogen. Gel electrophoresis revealed that the extractable proteins contained zein plus other proteins similar to the extractable proteins from corn flour Although difficult to extract, the proteins isolated from the fermentation coproducts appeared undegraded and apparently survived gelatinization, fermentation, distillation, and drying during the production of ethanol. Extraction of CDGS with 60% ethanol at 60 degrees C yielded 1.5-3.9% of crude zein. When the ethanol contained DTT, yields of crude zein were increased to 3.2-6.6%. Protein contents of the crude zeins were only 37-57%, indicating that Lipids and pigments were coextracted with the ethanol. Gel electrophoresis showed that the protein fractions extracted by ethanol contained primarily alpha-zein whereas the proteins extracted by ethanol + DTT contained alpha- + beta-zein. Further confirmation of the presence of zein in the crude prolamin preparations was obtained by amino acid analyses. The amino acid compositions of the crude zeins paralleled those of commercial zein and alpha-zein. RP Wolf, WJ (reprint author), ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.530 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900004 ER PT J AU Krieger, KM Duvick, SA Pollak, LM White, PJ AF Krieger, KM Duvick, SA Pollak, LM White, PJ TI Thermal properties of corn starch extracted with different blending methods: Microblender and homogenizer SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GELATINIZATION; RETROGRADATION C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,CTR CROPS UTILIZAT RES,AMES,IA 50011. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.553 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900008 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS Kadan, RS Champagne, ET AF Guraya, HS Kadan, RS Champagne, ET TI Effect of rice starch-lipid complexes on in vitro digestibility, complexing index, and viscosity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE RESPONSES; GLYCEMIC RESPONSE; AMYLOSE; INSULIN; MONOGLYCERIDES; FUNCTIONALITY; CARBOHYDRATE; AMYLOPECTIN; FOODS; BREAD AB Effects of nonwaxy (21% amylose, 79% amylopectin) and waxy (100% amylopectin) rice starch-lipid complexes on the rate of in vitro digestibility were determined. Long-chain (greater than or equal to C:18) saturated emulsifiers reduced digestibility more than short-chain (3)(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; SOLUBILIZATION; ENRICHMENT; PRODUCTS; FOODS AB Molecular characteristics were determined for mixed-linkage (1-->3) (1-->4)-beta-D-glucans (beta-glucans) extracted from Azhul, Crystal, Waxbar, and Prowashonupana barleys. beta-Glucans in extracts (with or without alpha-amylase, protease, hemicellulase, or xylanase treatment) were separated from other components by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and detected with multiple-angle laser light scattering, refractive index, and fluorometry following postrefractive index treatment with Calcofluor. Pretreatment of barley with 70% ethanol (80 degrees C, 4 hr) reduced beta-glucanase activity by similar to 20%. Hot-alcohol treatment also reduced beta-glucan extraction at 23 and 65 degrees C by 42 and 14%, respectively. Molecular weights of beta-glucans in the first water extract were generally higher than in succeeding water and alkali extracts. Weight average molecular weights ranged from 0.44 x 10(6) to 2.34 x 10(6) g/mol after alpha-amylase treatment to remove interfering starch. Interference due to pentosans was not demonstrated using enzyme treatments. RP Knuckles, BE (reprint author), ARS,CEREAL PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.599 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900017 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE AF Dowell, FE TI Effect of NaOH on visible wavelength spectra of single wheat kernels and color classification efficiency SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; RED AB A diode-array system, which measures spectral reflectance from 400 to 700 nm, was used to quantify single wheat kernel color before and after soaking in NaOH as a means of determining color class. Wheat color classification is currently a subjective determination and important in determining the end-use of the wheat. Soaking kernels in NaOH and classifying the soaked kernels with the diode-array system resulted in more difficult-to-classify kernels correctly classified (98.1%) than the visual method of classifying kernels (74.8%). Kernel orientation had a slight effect on correct classification, with the side view correctly classifying more kernels than the dorsal or crease view. The diode-array system provided a means of quantifying kernel color and eliminated inspector subjectivity when determining color class. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS,GRAIN & MKT PROD RES CTR,USDA,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.617 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900021 ER PT J AU Windham, WR Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS AF Windham, WR Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS TI Prediction of cooked rice texture quality using near-infrared reflectance analysis of whole-grain milled samples SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; AMYLOSE AB Rice qualify is based on chemical and physical properties affecting its appearance, flavor, and texture characteristics. Sensory quality can be assessed by a combination of descriptive sensory and physicochemical property evaluations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and NIRS in combination with other physicochemical measurements for the determination of sensory texture attributes in whole-grain milled rice samples. Six rice samples representing combinations of variety and growing locations received treatments of two degrees of milling and five drying conditions to achieve final moisture levels of 12 or 15% (n = 120). Quality measurements of the cooked rice included sensory and instrumental texture analyses. Quality measurements of the uncooked rice included amylose and protein (chemical reference), whiteness; transparency, and degree of milling (appearance units of milled rice), and NTRS analyses. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to reveal the relationships between the different types of measurements. The sensory texture attributes: manual adhesiveness (MADHES), visual adhesiveness (VADHES), and stickiness to lips (STICKI) were related to deep-milled samples and positively correlated to amylose, whiteness, and milling degree. The attribute roughness (ROUGH) was related to light-milled samples and positively correlated to protein and negatively correlated to amylose. The main variation in sensory attributes was a result of amylose and protein contents of the rices. A noise-compensation value, relative ability of prediction (RAP), was used to express the degree of prediction (1.0 = best possible prediction). NIRS gave the best prediction results for the texture attributes: MADHES, VADHES, and STlCKI with an RAP of 0.57, 0.54, and 0.56, respectively. NIRS is best at predicting texture characteristics of cooked rice perceived in the visual, tactile, and initial oral phases of sensory evaluation. The calibration of NIRS plus physicochemical variables did not improve the predictability of sensory texture over NIRS alone. The prediction of sensory texture in rice by NIR needs to be further investigated on a large number of samples with different varieties, growing locations, cultivation methods, harvesting methods, and processing after harvesting. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. USDA ARS,RICE QUAL LAB,BEAUMONT,TX. UNIV ARKANSAS,RICE RES & EXTENS CTR,STUTTGART,AR. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,RICE RES STN,CROWLEY,LA. CALIF COOPERAT RICE RES FDN,BIGGS,CA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.626 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900023 ER PT J AU Hamada, JS AF Hamada, JS TI Characterization of protein fractions of rice bran to devise effective methods of protein solubilization SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLUTELIN; ACID AB Proteins from the defatted brans of representative rice cultivars were fractionated into albumins, globulins, prolamins, and acid-soluble glutelins, accounting for 34, 15, 6, and 11% of the total bran proteins, respectively. The remaining insoluble residue protein, after treatment with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, resulted in the solubilization of 95% of the residue protein, representing 32% of the total bran protein. The relative molecular mass (M-r) values determined by size-exclusion HPLC were 10-100 kDa, 10-150 kDa, 33-150 kDa, and 25-100 kDa for the fully dissociated polypeptides of albumins, globulins, prolamins, and acid-soluble glutelins, respectively. Despite a breakdown of disulfide bonds of the residue protein during sodium hydroxide solubilization, the M-r of the majority of the fully dissociated polypeptides of this fraction ranged from 45 to 150 kDa. Insolubility of residue protein was due mainly to its strong aggregation and extensive disulfide bond cross-linking. Efficient methods may be developed for solubilizing up to 98% of rice bran protein by the use of dissociating and disulfide breaking agents currently in use in the food industry. RP Hamada, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 26 TC 50 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 662 EP 668 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.662 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900029 ER PT J AU Miller, RA Hoseney, RC Morris, CE AF Miller, RA Hoseney, RC Morris, CE TI Effect of formula water content on the spread of sugar-snap cookies SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Sugar-snap cookie doughs prepared with a commercial soft wheat flour and standard formula water (25%, fwb) produced baked cookies with a mean diameter of 186 mm. Increasing the formula water to 30% resulted in cookies with a mean diameter of 187 mm and decreasing the formula water to 20% resulted in cookies with a mean diameter of 185 mm. A similar effect was seen when the formula water in cookie doughs prepared with the pure hard red spring cultivar Butte 86 or the pure soft white winter club cultivar Paha was varied. Thus, varying the formula water in cookie dough appeared to have little or no effect on final cookie diameter. Formula water content, however, did affect cookie dough spread rate and set time during baking. Increasing the formula water caused the spread rate to increase but shortened the set time. As a result, final cookie diameter was essentially unchanged. C1 ARS,USDA,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP Miller, RA (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.669 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900030 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Dallner, MF Radewonuk, ER Parris, N Kurantz, M Craig, JC AF Dickey, LC Dallner, MF Radewonuk, ER Parris, N Kurantz, M Craig, JC TI Hydrocyclone separation of dry-milled corn SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN AB Corn milled to <1 mm using a screen mill was sieved and the particles >590 mu m were soaked for 1 hr in solutions with a range of glucose concentration providing liquid specific gravities above and below that of the lighter fraction (corn germ). A suspension of these particles was pumped through a hydrocyclone to separate the germ particles and to rinse water-soluble compounds from the corn. The specific gravity of the hydrocyclone streams (suspensions), as well as Liquid phase (after solids settling) was measured, and product compositions and particle sizes were determined. This work shows that a germ-enriched fraction of corn ground to <1 mm, can be separated with a hydrocyclone. To enable computer simulation of the corn-treatment process, the experimental data was used to construct a two-component model of the hydrocyclone separation of the milled corn. In the model, the milled and sieved corn is virtually separated into germ and endosperm streams that are fed to paired hydrocyclone models. Hydrocyclone bypassing streams that simulate particles entrained to the contrary outlet (underflow far germ and overflow for endosperm particles) were included in the simulation to bring the model into agreement with the experimental product compositions. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 676 EP 680 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.676 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900032 ER PT J AU Millard, MM Dintzis, FR Willett, JL Klavons, JA AF Millard, MM Dintzis, FR Willett, JL Klavons, JA TI Light-scattering molecular weights and intrinsic viscosities of processed waxy maize starches in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide and H2O SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CORN STARCHES; AMYLOPECTIN; BEHAVIOR; COOKING AB Waxy maize starch was treated by a variety of gentle and severe methods: direct dispersion-solubilization into 90% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H2O solvent, extrusion followed by dispersion-solubilization of the ground exudate into solvent, or jet-cooking or stirred autoclaving of an aqueous starch slurry followed by transfer into solvent. Intrinsic viscosities [eta] and multiangle light-scattering measurements were made in 90% DMSO-H2O. A Mark-Houwink relation, [eta] = (0.28-1.2) M-w(0.29 +/- 0.04), was obtained over a molecular weight range of approximate to 30-700 million. However, there was a large amount of scatter in the data when [eta] were >140 mL/g. The power law relationship R-g proportional to M-w(0.41 +/- 0.04) was noted between radii of gyration and molecular weights. We infer from our data that over the entire range of M-w distributions, the amylopectin existed in solution as relatively compact molecules or aggregates and that in the higher molecular weight region, the size and possibly the shape of the ''dissolved'' amylopectin was highly sensitive to the method of dispersal and treatment. C1 ARS,USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 24 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 74 IS 5 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.687 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA XY779 UT WOS:A1997XY77900034 ER PT J AU Caldwell, EF Nelsen, TC AF Caldwell, EF Nelsen, TC TI Comparison of beta-glucan method results on an analytical reference standard SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Caldwell, EF (reprint author), AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS,3340 PILOT KNOB RD,ST PAUL,MN 55121, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD SEP PY 1997 VL 42 IS 9 BP 768 EP 769 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA XU651 UT WOS:A1997XU65100008 ER PT J AU Bourgoin, T Steffen-Campbell, JD Campbell, BC AF Bourgoin, T Steffen-Campbell, JD Campbell, BC TI Molecular phylogeny of Fulgoromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Archaeorrhyncha). The enigmatic Tettigometridae: Evolutionary affiliations and historical biogeography SO CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HOMOPTERA; SEQUENCES AB Previous morphologically based studies by several taxonomists disagree on whether the Tettigometridae represent a sister group to all other fulgoromorphans or whether they are a relatively derived family within the Fulgoromorpha. In this study, several parsimony-based analyses using data sets composed of nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNAs (genes encoding 18S rRNAs) support a monophyletic Fulgoromorpha. All analyses depict Tettigometridae as a relatively derived lineage in a monophyletic relationship with Tropiduchidae. Unscored and unweighted data sets position the tettigometrid + tropiduchid clade as sister to Flatidae. The tettigometrid + tropiduchid clade is supported by four synapomorphic sites, two deletions and two transversions. Constraining tettigometrids to a basal fulgoromorphan lineage significantly reduces parsimony, with several hundreds to thousand of trees being more parsimonious. An analysis employing the Barriel method for scoring potential phylogenetic information in regions containing deletions also supports a non-basal tettigometrid + tropiduchid clade. However, this method results in three equally most parsimonious trees and a sister relationship of the tettigometrid + tropiduchid clade to Flatidae becomes ambiguous. The molecular-based results showing a derived Tettigometridae agree with previous morphological interpretations of Bourgoin. The current biogeographical distribution of tettigometrids and morphological features supporting the 18S rDNA-based phylogeny are discussed. (C) 1997 The Willi Hennig Society. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, EP 90, F-75005 Paris, France. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bourgoin, T (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Lab, 45 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. NR 43 TC 35 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0748-3007 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics-Int. J. Willi Hennig Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 207 EP 224 DI 10.1006/clad.1997.0039 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA YQ900 UT WOS:000071435700002 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Hume, ME AF Hinton, A Hume, ME TI Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth by Veillonella cultured on tartrate medium. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Meeting of the Anaerobe-Society-of-the-Americas CY JUL 19-21, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Anaerobe Soc Amer C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 SU 2 BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XX136 UT WOS:A1997XX13600010 PM 9310648 ER PT J AU Kopcha, M Kaneene, JB Miller, R Shea, ME Ahl, AS AF Kopcha, M Kaneene, JB Miller, R Shea, ME Ahl, AS TI Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: Perceptions of food animal veterinarians SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article ID MASTITIS C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,POPULAT MED CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RISK ANAL SYST,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Kopcha, M (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 19 IS 9 SU S BP S208 EP S210 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XY888 UT WOS:A1997XY88800002 ER PT J AU Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT Koehler, AE AF Tobin, ME Sugihara, RT Koehler, AE TI Bait placement and acceptance by rats in macadamia orchards SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Macadamia integrifolia; pest management; Rattus rattus; rodent control; rodenticides AB Black rats (Rattus rattus) cause extensive damage in Hawaiian macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) orchards. Many growers apply rodenticides to reduce rat populations in orchards, but improper placement of bait may reduce the effectiveness of many baiting programs. We evaluated the optimum placement of bait in macadamia orchards among the three locations specified on current rodenticide labels. We placed a non-toxic oat bait treated with 0.75% tetracycline hydrochloride, an antibiotic that chelates with calcium in growing bones and teeth and fluoresces under UV light, in burrows, on the ground and in trees in separate orchard sections. We consistently captured the greatest percentage of marked rats (53-91%) in sections where we placed the bait in trees and the lowest percentage of marked rats (0-36%) where we broadcast bait on the ground. Placement of bait in burrows produced intermediate results (40-70%). These results suggest that broadcasting bait on the orchard floor reduces the effectiveness of rat control programs. Placing baits in trees targets rats that not only are most likely to eat the poison bait, but also are most likely to damage developing nuts. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA,NATL WILDLIFE RES CTR,HILO,HI 96721. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00035-5 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ403 UT WOS:A1997XZ40300002 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Valero, KA Hannel, MM AF Johnson, JA Valero, KA Hannel, MM TI Effect of low temperature storage on survival and reproduction of Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Plodia interpunctella; postharvest; low temperature ID EGGS; DIET AB Low temperature storage is one component of an integrated control program suggested as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation for Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), in postharvest dried fruits and nuts. Long-term exposure to 10 degrees C lengthened the life of adults; 50% mortality was reached after 49 days of exposure, almost four times the average adult lifespan of 13 days at 27 degrees C. Adult mortality reached 90% after 70 days of exposure. Exposure to 10 degrees C for greater than 25 days reduced egg production by more than half and reduced the number of viable eggs by nearly 90%. Eggs were most susceptible to 10 degrees C; the exposure time estimated to obtain 95% egg mortality was 11.6 days. From these data this it was estimated that clean product that has been under storage at 10 degrees C and undisturbed for at least 4 weeks should be relatively free of Indianmeal moth. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00037-9 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ403 UT WOS:A1997XZ40300004 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Russo, BM Peters, M PerkinsVeazie, P Cartwright, B AF Russo, VM Russo, BM Peters, M PerkinsVeazie, P Cartwright, B TI Interaction of Colletotrichum orbiculare with thrips and aphid feeding on watermelon seedlings SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE infection; infestation; interaction; fungus; insect ID COTTON AB Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) seedlings were either untreated or treated as follows: inoculated only with the fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. St Mont.) Arx, infested only with thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) or aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), or infested with either insect before or after inoculation with C. orbiculare in a greenhouse. Plant heights, dry weights, and percent lesion area on cotyledons, true leaves, and the whole plant (cotyledons and leaves) were determined. When thrips were the challenge insects infested plants were among the shortest, but also the heaviest. Percent lesion area on cotyledons, leaves, and the whole plant was significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) on plants infested with thrips before inoculation with C. orbiculare compared with plants receiving only C. orbiculare and plants infested after inoculation with C. orbiculare. With aphids as the challenge insect plant heights and dry weights were not affected by treatment. Percent lesion area on plants infested with aphids before, or after, inoculation with C. orbiculare was significantly lower than on plants inoculated with C. orbiculare only. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,WES WATKINS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,LANE,OK 74555. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,HWY 3 W,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00024-0 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ403 UT WOS:A1997XZ40300012 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Richardson, MD White, JF AF Bacon, CW Richardson, MD White, JF TI Modification and uses of endophyte-enhanced turfgrasses: A role for molecular technology SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID TALL FESCUE SEED; FUNGUS ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HOST ASSOCIATIONS AB Over the past decade, the significance of symbiotic fungal endophytes in turfgrasses was established as having the potential for supplementing the genetics of turfgrass improvement since endophyte-infected grasses frequently show enhanced performance. Endophyte-enhanced traits include insect and mammalian deterrence to herbivory, and often increased tolerance of drought and other abiotic stresses. However, not all endophytes are suited for use in enhancing grass performance, and only those fungi that are symptomless endophytes of grasses are currently being used. The endophytes that are of the major focus for current use include species of Neotyphodium (=Acremonium), e.g., N. coenophialum, N. lolii, and other species of Neotyphodium. The Neotyphodium endophytes do not reproduce sexually, and only produce conidia under laboratory culture, suggesting that they should be genetically stable. These endophytes can be removed from the host, transformed by molecular technology, and reinserted into the host. However, these fungi have other means for genetic variation, which might include chromosome polymorphisms, altered chromosome structures, and loss of nonessential chromosomes. Thus, the genetics related to ani endophyte-enhanced trait of that turfgrass might not be stable. However, the potential for genetic engineering of the endophytes is growing nearer with recent application of DNA mediated techniques. Furthermore, genetic engineering or other approaches may soon lead to endophyte-grass associations that have further enhanced fitness or are more benign to wildlife. Before such genetically modified systems are marketed, particular attention and extensive field tests should be applied to ensure that they retain their beneficial characteristics and have truly acquired their intended improvements. Continued research into the biochemical and genetics basis of endophyte-enhanced traits should eventually identify genes that ultimately can be use for the production of transgenic grasses. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS,USDA,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES CTR,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 116 TC 28 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1425 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500001 ER PT J AU ManjarrezSandoval, P Carter, TE Webb, DM Burton, JW AF ManjarrezSandoval, P Carter, TE Webb, DM Burton, JW TI Heterosis in soybean and its prediction by genetic similarity measures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE INBREDS; TRAITS; DIVERGENCE; DIVERSITY; PEDIGREE; YIELD; RFLPS AB Coefficient of parentage (CP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-based genetic similarity estimates (RFLP-GS) have been proposed as measures of genetic distance in crop species. If these measures are to have application in practical breeding, it is important to validate their utility in predicting genetic traits of interest such as heterosis. The objectives of this paper were to (i) estimate heterosis for yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] adapted to the southern USA, and (ii) predict heterosis by mi:ans of CP and RFLP-GS as genetic distance measures. Twenty-four F2 populations were developed by crossing three testers ('Young', 'Centennial', and 'Tracy') to eight contrasting parents, representing a wide range of CP and RFLP-GS. The experimental material was divided into three sets representing the testers above, and was evaluated in eight replications at Clayton and Plymouth, NC, in 1994. Midparent heterosis for yield was 7.9, 4.5, and 7.9% for Sets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Heterosis was 3.5, 1.6, and 3.0% for 100-seed weight, and 4.1, 5.4, and 13.2% for plant height. The CP and RFLP-GS were highly correlated (r = 0.80, 0.92 and 0.95 for Sets 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P = 0.01), but neither predicted heterosis well for yield averaged across locations because of a large genotype x environment (G x E) interaction. In contrast, CP and RFLP-GS predicted heterosis well for 100-seed weight and plant height in two of the three sets averaged over locations. Our estimates of high parent heterosis for yield (as high as 11% over locations), may justify soybean hybrids as a breeding objective. However, the limited predictive value of CP and RFLP-GS in our study indicates that the identification of favorable heterotic combinations may require extensive field testing. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1452 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500005 ER PT J AU Meredith, WR Heitholt, JJ Pettigrew, WT Rayburn, ST AF Meredith, WR Heitholt, JJ Pettigrew, WT Rayburn, ST TI Comparison of obsolete and modern cotton cultivars at two nitrogen levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; UPLAND COTTON AB Increase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields have been the result of both improved crop management and breeding, However, there is little information on how both management and breeding have interacted to produce higher yields, The objective of this study was to determine to what degree yield improvements and maturity changes which have taken place in the last 54 yr are due to using higher N rates and new cultivars. Eight modern cultivars (MC) and eight obsolete cultivars (OC) were grown on two soil types near Stoneville, MS, in 1992 and 1993, The year of cultivar release ranged from 1938 to 1992. Two N rates of 22 and 112 kg ha(-1) were used. The field design was a randomized complete block with five replications. Five hand harvests were made on all tests to measure yield and maturity differences. A significant N x cultivar interaction was detected. The average yield for MC was 914 and 1021 kg ha(-1) for the low and high N rates, respectively, or a 12% increase. However, average yield for OC was 743 and 799 kg ha(-1), respectively, or an 8% increase. The slope of the equation, predicting yield from year of cultivar release was 6.1 and 4.8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for the 112 and 22 kg ha(-1) N rates, respectively. The higher N rate resulted in a 4-d delay in maturity, measured as days after planting (DAP) until 65% of the crop was harvestable, The maturity range for MC was 6 d, ranging from 136 to 142 DAP. The range for OC was three d, 138 to 141 DAP, Cultivar x environment interactions were small. This study shows that high yields can be obtained with both late and early maturity cultivars. However, early maturing cultivars escape some late season insect buildups and allow for greater harvesting flexibility. The regression coefficient of yield increase on year of release was significantly lower in this study than that detected in two previous studies. RP Meredith, WR (reprint author), ARS,USDA,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1457 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500006 ER PT J AU Evans, DE Tsukamoto, C Nielsen, NC AF Evans, DE Tsukamoto, C Nielsen, NC TI A small scale method for the production of soymilk and silken tofu SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES; SOYBEAN GLYCININ; 11S PROTEINS; FOOD USE; QUALITY; YIELD; 7S; COAGULANT; VARIETIES AB Interest in traditional Asian foods such as tofu and soymilk has developed in the USA during the past few years. Lacking, however, is a small scale, rapid test that will permit plant breeders and food technologists to evaluate the potential of various soybean [(Glycine max L. (Merr)] cultivars and breeding lines to produce these foods. A procedure Is described in which 80 g of ground soybean is used to make silken tofu, Glucono-delta-lactone serves as the coagulant in the procedure, The method results in tofu whose characteristics are reproducible among different preparations, and whose quality compares favorably with imported Japanese silken tofu that is available commercially in the USA. To evaluate the method, soymilk and tofu were made from 182 experimental, public, and private soybean cultivars grown in Indiana in 1990. Differences were observed among cultivars for soymilk yield, tofu whiteness, and texture (tofu fracturability and hardness), Significant correlations were found between soybean protein content, soymilk protein content, and tofu fracturability. The same correlations have previously been established in the literature based on comparisons of material made by traditional large scale manufacturing methods, A correlation between soymilk solids content and fracturability was also observed when the ratio of water used to process the ground soybean was varied, The small scale method will be useful to evaluate soybean lines from breeding programs. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT PLANT SCI,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. TAISHI FOOD CO,SANNOHE,AOMORI 03901,JAPAN. RI Evans, David/A-1185-2007 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1463 EP 1471 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500008 ER PT J AU Hossainzadeh, AH Rowe, DE Pratt, RG Windham, GL AF Hossainzadeh, AH Rowe, DE Pratt, RG Windham, GL TI Progeny test selection in two crimson clover populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; MELOIDOGYNE AB Two problems with breeding the forage legume crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) are how to incorporate genotype x environment effects in the evaluations and how to use destructive measurements and still cross selected genotypes. One solution is a multistep process: Produce families by inbreeding plants, produce half-sib progenies of each inbred family and evaluate for specific characters, and use remnant seed of selections to produce plants which are intercrossed to produce an elite population for selection or a synthetic. The objectives of this research were to estimate the impact of pollen parent and level of inbreeding of families on effectiveness of this selection procedure. Selection was effected in the greenhouse for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.), plant regrowth, and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Moderately and highly inbred crimson clover families were evaluated as two topcrosses and one polycross half-sib families. For each trait, the different half-sib progeny tests had similar rankings for the moderately inbred families but not for the highly inbred families. Evaluations of synthetics produced from selections showed resistances to F. oxysporum and to M. incognita were improved but not the plant regrowth. A link was found between level of heterozygosity and resistance to M. incognita, and high levels of inbreeding had unpredictable effects on selection. Plant breeders need to determine the level of inbreeding of families that does not seriously bias measurement of a trait, but which minimizes sampling errors within the family selected for production of synthetics. C1 ARS, USDA, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. UNIV TEHRAN, TEHRAN, IRAN. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1492 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500012 ER PT J AU Voigt, PW Morris, DR Godwin, HW AF Voigt, PW Morris, DR Godwin, HW TI A soil-on-agar method to evaluate acid-soil resistance in white clover SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is adapted to the Appalachian region but is rarely found on strongly acid soils. To select for improved acid-soil resistance we needed an effective and efficient soil-based procedure. Our objective was to develop a simple, rapid, nondestructive technique that could be used to evaluate acid-soil resistance of clover accessions. Our technique uses a thin layer of acid, Al-toxic soil on top of solidified water agar. Germinated white clover seed, selected for uniform radical length of about 1 mm, are transplanted into the soil. Root emergence from the soil into the agar is visually observed. We evaluated the technique using non-limed (pH 4.2, Al saturation 70%) and limed (pH 5.0, Al saturation 14%) Porters soil (coarse loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrept) and four white clovers, two larger-leafed (ladino) clovers developed in the USA, and two smaller-leafed cultivars from New Zealand. Root emergence was observed daily for 10 d. Root emergence from the limed and non-limed soil began on day one and on day four, respectively. This delay in emergence indicates that the clover seedlings were responding to toxic factors in the acid soil that were alleviated by liming. The larger-leafed cultivars emerged more slowly than the smaller-leafed cultivars in the non-limed soil but were similar to them in the limed soil. The soil-on-agar technique allows easy collection of root growth data, is rapid, nondestructive, and can be used with large populations. The technique should be useful for characterization of acid-soil resistance of white clover and other small-seeded species. We suggest that seedlings whose roots emerge more quickly from acid soil are more resistant than those whose roots emerge later and that the technique has promise for selecting resistant and susceptible populations. RP Voigt, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, POB 400, BEAVER, WV 25813 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1496 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500013 ER PT J AU Ray, IM Frank, AB Berdahl, JD AF Ray, IM Frank, AB Berdahl, JD TI Genetic variances of agronomic and morphological traits of diploid crested wheatgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; HERITABILITY; GENOTYPE; GRASSES; DESIGNS; QUALITY AB Crested wheatgrass breeding efforts in the USA have focused on tetraploid germplasm, resulting in little genetic information available for diploid germplasm. This study was conducted to estimate progeny-mean heritability (h(2)) of eight traits of diploid crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) grown under seeded competitive conditions in the northern Great Plains. Thirty half-sib families were randomly selected from a genetically broad-based population, and evaluated at one location over 2 yr, in single-row 1.5-m plots, spaced 38 cm apart, and seeded at 90 seed m(-1). Heritabilities based on the progeny means of 30 families were determined for forage dry matter yield (h(2) = 52%), tiller height (h(2) = 63%), first-cut vigor (h(2) = 15%), regrowth vigor (h(2) = 68%), proline content (h(2) = 49%), spikelets per spike (h(2) = 59%), anthocyanin pigmentation of stem nodes (h(2) = 36%), and flag leaf pubescence (h(2) = 70%). Heritability of forage yield, tiller height, regrowth vigor, number of spikelets per spike, and nag leaf pubescence were estimated with the greatest precision. First-cut vigor, proline content, and node color were estimated with less precision. Proline accumulation was net associated with either dry matter yield or regrowth vigor under water stress. Regrowth vigor was not associated with first-cut yield (P greater than or equal to 0.24), indicating that improvement in first-cut field would have little effect on forage regrowth potential. A moderately high heritability estimate for regrowth vigor indicated that selection for this trait could extend the grazing season of crested wheatgrass. Genetic variance components for all traits except first-cut vigor exceeded their standard errors. Significant family x year effects were detected only for node color. The results indicate that evaluation over multiple years would not be needed for most traits studied. C1 ARS,USDA,NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP Ray, IM (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1507 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500015 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Bauer, A AF Frank, AB Bauer, A TI Temperature effects prior to double ridge on apex development and phyllochron in spring barley SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; SHOOT APEX; WHEAT; GROWTH; LEAF AB Number of spikelets is a major component of grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Since air temperature strongly affects spike components in spring seeded cereals, the large variations in daily temperature or delays in planting dates, common to spring barley growing areas in the Northern Great Plains, make it important to understand temperature effects on spike and whole plant development for management and modeling purposes. The objectives of this study were to determine effects of changing temperature regimes on the phyllochron, apex development, and spike components in spring barley, 'Bowman' (two-rowed) and 'Azure' (six-rowed) were grown in controlled environment chambers and at constant temperatures of 18 and 26 degrees C and at either 18 or 26 degrees C for 4, 8, and 12 d after emergence and then transferred to the other temperature, Phyllochron was greater for control plants at 26 than at 18 degrees C and for plants first grown at 18 then at 26 degrees C compared with those grown at 26 then at 18 degrees C, Apex double ridge stage occurred between 8 and 12 d after seedling emergence, Temperature following apex double ridge stage had a greater affect on duration of spikelet formation stage than temperatures prior to double ridge, Spikelets, kernels, and heads per plant were generally fewer for plants first grown at 18 then al 26 degrees C compared with plants first grown at 26 degrees C then at 18 degrees C. These data suggest that temperature during the critical spikelet development phase had the greatest effect on spike components, Spike development coincided more with plant Haun than accumulated growing degree-days (GDD), whereas the phyllochron responded oppositely, Thus, knowing when the apex forms spikelets is necessary for interpretation of plant responses, making management decisions, and mod!el development. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1527 EP 1531 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500019 ER PT J AU Frank, AB Ray, IM Berdahl, JD Karn, JF AF Frank, AB Ray, IM Berdahl, JD Karn, JF TI Carbon isotope discrimination, ash, and canopy temperature in three wheatgrass species SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; HERITABILITY; ESTIMATORS; COWPEA AB Soil water is the main factor influencing forage production in the semiarid Northern Great Plains. Developing germplasm that uses limited water more efficiently would benefit forage production for hay and livestock grazing. Development of selection criteria suited to screening large breeding populations for water-use efficiency (WUE) are needed to enhance this effort. This study evaluated carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), tissue ash concentration, and canopy temperature of populations of diploid crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), tetraploid crested wheatgrass [A. desertorum (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult.], and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd.) Love] to determine the utility of using ash concentration and canopy temperature as alternative criteria to Delta for selecting plants with high WUE. Tissue ash concentration, canopy temperature, and Delta were measured on half-sib families from genetically broad-based populations of each species across two field growing seasons. Sufficient genetic variation was present for Delta and ash concentration among families within each species to suggest possible use of these traits as criteria for selecting plants with higher WUE. Differences in canopy temperature among families were present only in 1994. Correlations between ash and Delta were greatest for tetraploid crested wheatgrass and least for western wheatgrass. Correlation of canopy temperature with Delta was significant for tetraploid crested wheatgrass both years and for diploid crested wheatgrass in 1993, but neither year for western wheatgrass. Ash concentration and Delta were moderately heritable in all three grass populations, indicating that both traits are under genetic control and could likely be altered through breeding. Using ash and canopy temperature as criteria for selecting plants with greater WUE would provide a relatively low-cost, simple approach to develop cultivars with improved WUE. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1576 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500027 ER PT J AU Joppa, LR Du, CH Hart, GE Hareland, GA AF Joppa, LR Du, CH Hart, GE Hareland, GA TI Mapping gene(s) for grain protein in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) using a population of recombinant inbred chromosome lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; SUBSTITUTION LINES; VAR DICOCCOIDES; QUALITY; MAPS; LOCI AB A 'Langdon' durum wheat line with a pair of 6B chromosomes from an accession of Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (Korn. in litt., in Schweinf.) Bowden [LDN(DIC-6B)] previously was shown to have a gene(s) for high grain protein content (GPC). The objectives of this study were to develop a mapping population segregating only for genes on chromosome 6B, map the gene(s) for high GPC, and identify closely linked markers for use in marker-assisted breeding for this trait. The 6B mapping population was grown in replicated field trials and evaluated for GPC. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map of this population was available. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses provided strong evidence that a gene(s) for high GPC (named QGpc.ndsu-6Bb) is located near the centromere of 6B. The most likely location for the gene(s) is in the short arm between Xabg387-6B and Xmwg79-6B. The logarithm of the odds (LOD) score for this interval is 18.9. Segregation in this segment accounted for 66% of the variation in GPC. Eleven additional markers have been mapped within 7 centimorgans (cM) of the mid-point of Xabg387-6B and Xmwg79-6B. One or more of these markers should be useful in marker-assisted breeding for high GPC in durum wheat. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Joppa, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,BOX 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 21 TC 138 Z9 153 U1 6 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1589 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500030 ER PT J AU Graham, GI Wolff, DW Stuber, CW AF Graham, GI Wolff, DW Stuber, CW TI Characterization of a yield quantitative trait locus on chromosome five of maize by fine mapping SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; CROSSES; MARKERS AB In an earlier study for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a maize (Zea mays L.) population generated from the cross B73 x Mo17, a major effect on grain yield and yield related traits was detected on chromosome 5. This chromosomal region has also shown significant associations with grain yield in several other studies. These findings have, thus, provided the impetus to further characterize this segment. A set of BC2S1 lines was created, each containing an introgressed segment of Mo17 in a B73 background. A reciprocal set of lines, each with a B73 donor segment in a Mo17 background, also was created. These BC2S1 lines were genotyped by means of 16 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and two isozyme markers that mapped to the targeted region on chromosome 5. From field data based on testcrosses of these lines, this one large region on chromosome 5 was dissected into at least two smaller QTLs. Effects at these two QTLs appear to act in a dominant manner, each showing significance in one testcross but not the other. These genetic factors are in repulsion phase linkage and their effects support the dominance theory of heterosis. One other segment in this region on chromosome 5 showed a significant association with yield, but it was not consistently expressed and may be spurious. The largest of these three segments has been mapped to a 27.5-centimorgan (cM) interval near Amp3. If the observed results are indicative of the true complexity associated with QTLs having large effects, marker-aided breeding involving such regions could be difficult, particularly if the marker-aided breeding is based on early generation (backcross, F-2, or F-3) data, where the intricate nature of a region cannot be resolved. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. ASGROW SEED CO,OXFORD,IN 47971. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 30 TC 88 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1601 EP 1610 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA XZ355 UT WOS:A1997XZ35500033 ER EF