FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cameira, MR Sousa, PL Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR Pereira, LS AF Cameira, MR Sousa, PL Farahani, HJ Ahuja, LR Pereira, LS TI Evaluation of the RZWQM for the simulation of water and nitrate movement in level-basin, fertigated maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SOIL-WATER; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; QUALITY MODEL AB This study concerns the evaluation of the root zone water quality model (RZWQM) to simulate the seasonal water and nitrate movement in a level basin irrigated corn field under three different nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments. The three N treatments, superimposed over a split basal dose applied before and at planting, were: a single broadcast application of 150 kg N/ha as urea (100% amidic form), a single fertigation application of the same N as UAN (50% amidic, 25% ammonium and 25% nitrate) with the first irrigation, and multiple UAN fertigations with three irrigations. Certain variety-specific maize crop parameters in the model were obtained by fitting these parameters to field data from the single fertigation treatment. The model was then evaluated on water and N results for the treatments. The model adequately simulated the water and nitrate transport for the season, with the seasonal averages of measured and predicted values differing by less than 5%. The most significant differences between measured and simulated water and nitrate occurred near the soil surface (15 cm depth), mostly during the days when the soil was extremely wet following irrigations. With the soil hydraulic properties estimated by simple means, the model tends to overestimate downward water fluxes and related nitrate transport through a compacted layer; however, it is found to be a useful tool to study the relative impacts of alternate nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation practices on root zone water quality. (C) 1998 Silsoe Research Institute. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, Dept Rural Engn, P-1399 Lisbon, Portugal. ARS, USDA, GPSR, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Cameira, MR (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron, Dept Rural Engn, P-1399 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Cameira, Maria/F-8982-2010; Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Cameira, Maria/0000-0002-2186-5172; Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 69 IS 4 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1006/jaer.1997.0253 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZR996 UT WOS:000074037200004 ER PT J AU Park, B Chen, YR Nguyen, M AF Park, B Chen, YR Nguyen, M TI Multi-spectral image analysis using neural network algorithm for inspection of poultry carcasses SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HARD RED WHEAT; MACHINE VISION; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM; TISSUE AB A multi-spectral imaging technique was implemented in an on-line inspection system for the separation of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses. A multi-spectral imaging system provided image information of the carcasses in the spectral and the frequency domains. The system acquires spectral images from the chicken on a moving shackle in real-time and processes these spectral data for classification. The spectral images of 540 and 700 nm wavelengths were useful for separating unwholesome carcasses having characteristics such as ascites, air sacculitis, bruise, cadaver, leukosis, septicemia and tumor from the wholesome carcasses based on spectral image pixel intensity and the intensity distribution of Fourier power spectra. The mean intensity of the wholesome carcasses scanned at 540 nm wavelength was higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) than the intensity of unwholesome carcasses. On the other hand, when Fourier spectrum pixel intensity at 700 nm wavelength was used, the intensity of wholesome carcasses was much lower (P less than or equal to 0.01) than unwholesome carcasses. The accuracies of neural classifiers were 100% for calibration and 93.3% for validation when combined spectral image pixel intensities of 540 and 700 nm wavelengths were used as inputs. The accuracies were 93.4% for calibration and 90% for validation when fast Fourier transforms of image intensity data of 700 nm wavelength were used as inputs for a neural network model. (C) 1998 Silsoe Research Institute. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 69 IS 4 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1006/jaer.1997.0258 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA ZR996 UT WOS:000074037200006 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Lacey, LA Stockhoff, BA Warner, RL AF Knight, AL Lacey, LA Stockhoff, BA Warner, RL TI Activity of Cry1 endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis for four tree fruit leafroller pest species (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry1 endotoxin; leafrollers; orange tortrix; obliquebanded leafroller; omnivorous leafroller ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SPRUCE BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SUBSP KURSTAKI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BERLINER; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE; PLUTELLIDAE AB Nine formulated preparations of Cry1 endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were bioassayed against four tree fruit pest species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Argyrotaenia citrana (Fernald), Choristoneura. rosaceana (Harris), Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, and Platynota stultana (Walsingham). Larvae were fed surfaced-treated artificial diet in the laboratory and direct mortality was scored after 5 and 12 d. The LC(50)s within species varied as much as 200-fold across preparations. Estimates of LC(50)s were improved in the 12-d versus the 5-d assay for many of the endotoxins. The LC(50)s to the Cry1A and Cry1E(a) endotoxins were significantly lower across all four species compared with Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E(b), and Cry1F endotoxins. Larval developmental time and pupal weights of surviving P. pyrusana were significantly affected in bioassays with two rates (0.01 and 0.001% stock solution) of each endotoxin. Larval development was delayed and pupal weight was significantly lower for both sexes at the higher rate compared with the lower rate of each endotoxin. The sex ratio of survivors for each endotoxin/rate tested was not correlated with larval survivorship. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 15 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA ZV009 UT WOS:000074259200002 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Buckley, PM Sagers, JB Hanten, JA AF Williams, WP Buckley, PM Sagers, JB Hanten, JA TI Evaluation of transgenic corn for resistance to corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), and southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in a laboratory bioassay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Pyralidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diatraea grandiosella; Helicoverpa zea; Bacillus thuringiensis; Zea mays; plant resistance; transgenic hybrids ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; SEQUENCE AB The development of crop plants expressing genes that encode insecticidal proteins isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has provided a tremendous opportunity for improved control of insect pests. Although corn, Zea mays L., germplasm with resistance in the whorl stage to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, larval feeding has been identified and released, little progress has been made in identifying resistance to ear damage by these insects. Husks and silks were collected 3 to 4 d after anthesis from nontransgenic and transgenic corn hybrids and used in laboratory bioassays to determine the effects of the Bt insecticidal protein on larval survival and growth of fall armyworm, southwestern corn borer, and corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie). Southwestern corn borer larvae that fed on diets containing husks of transgenic plants did not survive. Corn earworm larvae fed on diets containing husks or silks from transgenic plants died, and those that fed on diets containing silks harvested from transgenic plants exhibited reduced survival and growth. Fall armyworm larvae were least susceptible to the Bt protein, but larval survival and growth on diets containing husks of transgenic plants were reduced. Larval growth also was reduced on diets containing silks from transgenic plants. The bioassays indicated that expression in husks and silks of genes encoding Bt insecticidal proteins could be useful in reducing insect damage in ears of corn. C1 ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 15 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA ZV009 UT WOS:000074259200003 ER PT J AU Williams, CB Jenkins, TG AF Williams, CB Jenkins, TG TI A computer model to predict composition of empty body weight changes in cattle at all stages of maturity SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; growth models; body composition ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS-MODEL; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH; GAIN; PERFORMANCE; NUTRITION; LEVEL AB We developed methods to integrate two published models that partitioned gains in empty body weight (EBW) to fat and fat-free matter. These models were based on separate mathematical formulations for growing and mature cattle. We assumed that as cattle grow from birth to maturity a transition would occur at some point in the life cycle from the growing to the mature mathematical formulation. This transition point and the rate at which the transition occurs between the two mechanisms were estimated fi om published data. Evaluation results with data on steers that were full-fed to grow from birth to 815 kg EBW showed that the methods used to integrate the two models provided an accurate prediction of empty body composition at final slaughter. Evaluation results with full-fed growing cattle that were slaughtered at market weights suggest that partitioning of EBW gains can be fully described by the mathematical formulation used for growing cattle. However, for cattle that were restricted in growth, then realimented, the results showed that a model with a transition to the mathematical formulation for mature cattle, during the realimentation phase, accurately predicted the observed final composition. These results suggest that the integrated model would accurately predict the changes in body composition of cattle of all ages, under different systems of nutritional management. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Williams, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 980 EP 987 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZH661 UT WOS:000073134400009 PM 9581920 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Panter, KE Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA AF Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Panter, KE Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA TI Tissue swainsonine clearance in sheep chronically poisoned with locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poisonous Weeds; Oxytropis; clearance; toxicity ID LESIONS; CASTANOSPERMINE; CATTLE AB Locoweed poisoning is seen throughout the world and annually costs the livestock industry millions of dollars. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II. Poisoned animals are lethargic, anorexic, emaciated, and have neurologic signs that range from subtle apprehension to seizures. Swainsonine is water-soluble, rapidly absorbed, and likely to be widely distributed in the tissues of poisoned animals. The purpose of this study was to quantify swainsonine in tissues of locoweed-poisoned sheep and determine the rate of swainsonine clearance from animal tissues. Twenty-four crossbred wethers were gavaged with ground Oxytropis sericea to obtain swainsonine doses of 1 mg swainsonine.kg(-1) BW.d(-1) for 30 d. After dosing, the sheep were killed on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 14, 30, 60, and 160. Animal weights and feed consumption were monitored. Serum was collected during dosing and withdrawal periods, and tissues were collected at necropsy. Serum swainsonine concentrations were determined using an alpha-mannosidase inhibition assay. Swainsonine concentrations in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and serum were similar at approximately 250 ng/g. Clearance from these tissues was also similar, with half-lives (T-1/2) of less than 20 h. Swainsonine at more than 2,000 ng/g, was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas. Clearance from liver, kidney, and pancreas was about T-1/2 60 h. These findings imply that poisoned sheep have significant tissue swainsonine concentrations and animals exposed to locoweed should be withheld from slaughter for at least 25 d (10 T-1/2) to ensure that the locoweed toxin has cleared from animal tissues and products. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Stegelmeier, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1144 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZH661 UT WOS:000073134400027 PM 9581938 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Klein, PG Marmer, BS AF Juneja, VK Klein, PG Marmer, BS TI Heat shock and thermotolerance of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in a model beef gravy system and ground beef SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; INACTIVATION; MEAT; PROTEINS; 0157-H7 AB Duplicate beef gravy or ground beef samples inoculated with a suspension of a four-strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were subjected to sublethal heating at 46 degrees C for 15-30 min, and then heated to a final internal temperature of 60 degrees C. Survivor curves were fitted using a linear model that incorporated a lag period (T-L), and D-values and 'time to a 4D inactivation' (T-4D) were calculated. Heat-shocking allowed the organism to survive longer than non-heat-shocked cells; the T-4D values at 60 degrees C increased 1.56- and 1.50-fold in beef gravy and ground beef, respectively. In ground beef stored at 4 degrees C, thermotolerance was lost after storage for 14 h. However, heat-shocked cells appeared to maintain their thermotolerance for at least 24 h in ground beef held at 15 or 28 degrees C. A 25 min heat shock at 46 degrees C in beef gravy resulted in an increase in the levels of two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 60 and 69 kDa. These two proteins were shown to be immunologically related to GroEL and DnaK, respectively. Increased heat resistance due to heat shock must be considered while designing thermal processes to assure the microbiological safety of thermally processed foods. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.00396.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZP301 UT WOS:000073738600027 PM 9633665 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Mole, PA Gomez, TD Dewey, KG Bernauer, EM AF McCrory, MA Mole, PA Gomez, TD Dewey, KG Bernauer, EM TI Body composition by air-displacement plethysmography by using predicted and measured thoracic gas volumes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fractional lung volumes; hydrostatic weighing; validity; densitometry; body volume AB The BOD POD, a new air-displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition, utilizes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume (Boyle's law) to measure body volume directly. The quantity of air in the lungs during tidal breathing, the average thoracic gas volume (Vtg), is also measured by the BOD POD by using a standard plethysmographic technique. Alternatively, the BOD POD provides the use of a predicted Vtg (Vtg(pred)). The validity of using Vtg(pred) in place of measured Vtg (Vtg(meas)) to determine the percentage of body fat (%BF) was evaluated in 50 subjects (36 women, 14 men; ages 18-56 yr). There was no significant difference between Vtg(meas) and Vtg(pred) (mean difference +/- SE, 53.5 +/- 63.3 mi) nor in %BF by using Vtg(meas) vs. Vtg(pred) (0.2 +/- 0.2 %BF). On an individual basis, %BF measured by using Vtg(meas) vs. Vtg(pred) differed within +/-2.0% BF for 82% of the subjects; maximum differences were -2.9 to +3.0% BF. For comparison, data from 24 subjects who had undergone hydrostatic weighing were evaluated for the validity of using predicted vs. measured residual lung volume (VRpred VS VRmeas, respectively). Differences between VRmeas and VRpred and in %BF calculated by using VRmeas vs. VRpred were significant (187 +/- 46 mi and 1.4 +/- 0.3% BF, respectively; P < 0.001). On an individual basis, %BF determined by using VRmeas vs. VRpred differed within +/-2.0% BF for 46% of the subjects; maximum differences were -2.9 to +3.8% BF. With respect to %BF measured by air displacement, our findings support the use of Vtg(pred) for group mean comparisons and for purposes such as screening in young to middle-aged individuals. This contrasts with the use of VRpred in hydrostatic weighing, which leads to significant errors in the estimation of %BF. Furthermore, although the use of Vtg(pred) has some application, determining Vtg(meas) is relatively simple in most cases. Therefore, we recommend that the use of Vtg(meas) remain as standard experimental and clinical practice. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Exercise Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 22 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1479 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA ZD714 UT WOS:000072716100048 PM 9516218 ER PT J AU Boroski, BB Mossman, AS AF Boroski, BB Mossman, AS TI Water use patterns of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and the effects of human disturbance SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE human disturbance; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; water use AB To aid the effectiveness of water developments, patterns of deer visiting water sources and the responses of deer to disturbance were examined. Deer visited water sources day and night, but not all deer at water sources drank. Thus, the assumption that radio-telemetry locations within arbitrary distances of water indicate drinking events may lead to overestimates of watering frequency. Human disturbance did not preclude or seriously impede use of water by deer. Deer reacted by adjusting the amount of time spent at water sources, moving away from water to return later and/or increasing the frequency with which they drank. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Boroski, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.1006/jare.1997.0351 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZT042 UT WOS:000074041800005 ER PT J AU Burwash, MD Tobin, ME Woolhouse, AD Sullivan, TP AF Burwash, MD Tobin, ME Woolhouse, AD Sullivan, TP TI Field testing synthetic predator odors for roof rats (Rattus rattus) in Hawaiian macadamia nut orchards SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE field bioassay; macadamia nut orchards; Macadamia integrifolia; Hawaii; roof rats; Rattus rattus; 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane; (E,Z)-2,4,5-trimethyl-Delta 3-thiazoline; radio telemetry; mark-recapture; populations ID REDUCE FEEDING DAMAGE; MICROTUS-MONTANUS; REPELLENTS; POPULATIONS; HERBIVORES; VOLE AB Field trials were conducted to determine whether the synthetic predator odors 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane (DMDIT) and (E,Z)-2,4,5-trimethyl-Delta(3)-thiazoline (TMT) were effective at eliciting a behavioral response in wild roof rats (Rattus rattus). The study site was a Hawaiian macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) orchard with a recent history of roof rat feeding damage. The synthetic predator odors were encapsulated in urethane devices secured to tree branches. Mark-recapture data from:ive-trapping of rats and radio telemetry location data were used to assess behavioral responses of rats to the predator odors. Mark-recapture data indicated that DMDIT and TMT had no effect on capture numbers, reproduction, or body weight of rats. There was some indication that distribution of captures and number of locations relative to treated trees in TMT areas were less than in controls, but this pattern was not significant. The predator odors had no effect on home range or median distance from center of activity (MDIS) of rats as measured by telemetry. There was a trend of increasing values of MDIS on TMT areas in session 1 but not session 2. Overall we could not detect significant differences or consistent trends in responses of rats to DMDIT or TMT in these field trials. C1 Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Sullivan, TP (reprint author), Appl Mammal Res Inst, 11010 Mitchell Ave,RR 3,Site 46,Comp 18, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 4 BP 603 EP 630 DI 10.1023/A:1022304917652 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZJ858 UT WOS:000073260800001 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Bone turnover during lactation - Can calcium supplementation make a difference? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID MINERAL DENSITY; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; WOMEN; POSTPARTUM; METABOLISM; RECOVERY; KINETICS; MOTHERS C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 1998 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1058 DI 10.1210/jc.83.4.1056 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZG029 UT WOS:000072957800002 PM 9543116 ER PT J AU Seal, BS King, DJ Locke, DP Senne, DA Jackwood, MW AF Seal, BS King, DJ Locke, DP Senne, DA Jackwood, MW TI Phylogenetic relationships among highly virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates obtained from exotic birds and poultry from 1989 to 1996 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PET BIRDS; CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN; SITE; GENE; CORMORANTS; EVOLUTION AB Newcastle disease virus {NDV (avian paramyxovirus type 1 [APMV1])} isolates were recovered from imported exotic birds confiscated following importation into the United States, from waterbirds in the United States, and from poultry. The exotic birds probably originated from Central and South America, Asia, and Africa. The NDV isolates were initially characterized as highly virulent because of a short mean death time in embryonated chicken eggs. The isolates were typed as neurotropic or viscerotropic velogenic by intracloacal inoculation of adult chickens. Intracerebral pathogenicity index values for the virulent NDV isolates ranged from 1.54 to 1.90, compared to a possible maximum value of 2.0. These isolates had a dibasic amino acid motif in the fusion protein cleavage site sequence required for host systemic replication. Sequence differences were detected surrounding the fusion protein cleavage site and the matrix protein nuclear localization signal, indicating evolution of highly virulent NDV. Phylogenetically, these isolates were categorized with other highly virulent NDV strains that caused outbreaks in southern California poultry during 1972 and in cormorants in the north central United States and southern Canada during 1990 and 1992. These isolates are related to NDV that may have the APMV1 strain chicken/Australia/AV/32 or a related virus as a possible progenitor. Recent virulent NDV isolates and those recovered during disease outbreaks since the 1970s are phylogenetically distinct from current vaccine viruses and standard challenge strains. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bseal@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 47 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1145 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZC324 UT WOS:000072565800060 PM 9542957 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Paulson, GD Larsen, GL AF Smith, DJ Paulson, GD Larsen, GL TI Distribution of radiocarbon after intramammary, intrauterine, or ocular treatment of lactating cows with carbon-14 nitrofurazone SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrofurazone; absorption; lactation; residue ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Three lactating Holstein cows (634 to 698 kg) were dosed, respectively, with 65.6 mg (44.5 mu Ci/ mg), 131.2 mg (20.1 mu Ci/mg), or 8.4 mg (141.3 mu Ci/ mg) of [(14)C]nitrofurazone by intramammary, intrauterine, or topical ocular administration. Intramammary and intrauterine treatments were single doses; ocular treatment was daily for 4 consecutive d (2.1 mg/d). Cows were slaughtered after 72-h withdrawal. periods. Excreta and milk were quantitatively collected fi om each cow after dosing. Seventy-two hours after treatment, urine, feces, and milk contained 62.9, 17.6, and 2.3%, respectively, of the radiocarbon administered intramammarily to the cow. Radioactive residues in milk collected from the dosed quarter were 150 ppb (nitrofurazone equivalents) and were 39 ppb in milk collected from the undosed quarters at 12 h after dosing. Urine, feces, and milk from the cow that received the intrauterine dose contained 12.24, 5.17, and 0.13% of the administered dose, respectively, at 72 h after treatment. Concentrations of total radioactive residues in milk were 9.3 ppb at 12 h after dosing. For the cow that was dosed ocularly, the cumulative excretion of radiocarbon in urine, feces, and milk was 17.6, 28.5, and 0.5% of the dose, respectively. Milk residues from the cow that was dosed ocularly were never >1 ppb of nitrofurazone equivalents. Livers and kidneys contained the greatest amounts of residues relative to other edible tissues. Parent nitrofurazone was not suitable as a marker compound to determine total residues in milk using HPLC analysis. Radioactive residues were available systemically and were excreted in milk after intramammary, intrauterine, or ocular application of [(14)C]nitrofurazone. Illegal residues in milk and edible tissues would result from the administration of nitrofurazone to lactating cows. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 979 EP 988 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZL536 UT WOS:000073443700013 PM 9594386 ER PT J AU Awadeh, FT Abdelrahman, MM Kincaid, RL Finley, JW AF Awadeh, FT Abdelrahman, MM Kincaid, RL Finley, JW TI Effect of selenium supplements on the distribution of selenium among serum proteins in cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE selenium; cows; calves; selenoproteins ID SELENOPROTEIN-P; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; RAT PLASMA; SELENOMETHIONINE; METABOLISM; FORMS AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the amount and chemical form of dietary Se on the distribution of Se among serum proteins. Six growing calves were assigned in a completely randomized design to receive diets containing either adequate (0.41 mu g/g) or excess (0.73 mu g/g) dietary Se. Proteins in serum collected from the calves were separated into albumin, glutathione peroxidase, and selenoprotein P fractions, and the concentration of Se in each was determined. The concentration of Se within serum was elevated by dietary Se supplementation. The selenoprotein P fraction within serum contained the largest percentage of Se among the serum proteins. In a second study, 12 mature cows were assigned to receive one of four experimental salt mixes containing 20, 60, or 120 mu g of Se as sodium selenite/g of salt mix; the fourth treatment was 60 mu g of Se as selenized yeast/g of salt mix. Cows given salt with 120 mu g of Se as selenite or 60 mu g of Se as selenized yeast had the highest concentrations of Se in whole blood; however, concentrations of Se in serum did not differ among treatments. Concentrations of Se in the protein fractions within serum were not affected by treatment. Within serum, the highest concentration of Se was in the selenoprotein P fraction (31.6 ng/ml), the smallest concentration was in the glutathione peroxidase fraction (4.7 ng/ml), and an intermediate amount of Se was obtained from the albumin fraction (8.5 ng/ml). In conclusion, selenized yeast and selenite as sources of Se for supplementation of cattle resulted in similar patterns of Se distribution among proteins in serum. The greatest concentration of Se was found in the selenoprotein P fraction, which may contribute to Se transportation or function as an antioxidant. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Jerash Univ, Dept Anim Prod, Jerash, Jordan. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kincaid, RL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1094 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZL536 UT WOS:000073443700025 PM 9594397 ER PT J AU Ashwell, MS Da, Y Vanraden, PM Rexroad, CE Miller, RH AF Ashwell, MS Da, Y Vanraden, PM Rexroad, CE Miller, RH TI Detection of putative loci affecting conformational type traits in an elite population of united states Holsteins using microsatellite markers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait loci; microsatellite markers; type traits; dairy cattle ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MILK-PRODUCTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; LINKAGE; PARAMETERS; COMPONENTS; MODEL AB Quantitative trait loci affecting conformational type traits were studied in seven large grandsire families of US Holsteins using the granddaughter design and 16 microsatellite markers on 10 chromosomes. The most significant marker effect was marker BM203 (chromosome 27) for dairy form in a single grandsire family. A multivariate analysis for dairy form and milk yield was also conducted, and the result was highly significant, indicating that a segregating quantitative trait locus or loci affecting dairy form and milk yield could exist near BM203 on chromosome 27. Marker BM1258 (chromosome 23) had a significant effect on udder depth. A multivariate analysis on udder depth and somatic cell score was conducted for markers 513 and BM1258, and both markers showed significant effects on these two traits, indicating that one or several quantitative trait loci affecting udder depth and mastitis might exist on chromosome 23. Marker BM4204 (chromosome 9) had a significant effect on foot angle and on the composite index of traits pertaining to feet and legs, indicating that one or several quantitative trait loci affecting traits pertaining to feet and legs might exist on chromosome 9. Selection on these markers could increase genetic progress within these families. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ashwell, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1125 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZL536 UT WOS:000073443700029 PM 9594401 ER PT J AU Boettcher, PJ Dekkers, JCM Warnick, LD Wells, SJ AF Boettcher, PJ Dekkers, JCM Warnick, LD Wells, SJ TI Genetic analysis of clinical lameness in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clinical lameness; heritability; genetic correlation; type ID EAAP WORKING GROUP; COW CHARACTERISTICS; THRESHOLD MODELS; CLAW QUALITY; RISK-FACTORS; TRAITS; ASSOCIATIONS; DISORDERS; INFERENCE; SEVERITY AB Scores for clinical lameness from two separate studies were combined, and genetic parameters were estimated based on linear and threshold models. Cows were from 24 herds in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Virginia. To evaluate clinical lameness, cows were observed walking and were assigned a score between 0 and 4 (where 0 = no observable problems to 4 = inability to walk). Data included 1624 records on 1342 cows. The models included fixed effects of herd visit, parity, and stage of lactation. Random effects were additive genetics, permanent environment to account for repeated records, and residual. Estimates of heritability were 0.10 and 0.22 from the linear and threshold models, respectively. The correlation between ETA from linear and threshold models based on all animals was 0.974. Deregressed ETA of sires and REML were used to estimate genetic correlations between clinical lameness and conformation traits. Among the type traits, foot angle, rear legs (rear view), and rump width had strongest associations with clinical lameness; absolute values for genetic correlations between these traits and clinical lameness were approximately 0.65. Low foot angle, hocking in, and wide rumps were associated with increased clinical lameness. Correlations with strength and body depth ranged from 0.20 to 0.43, indicating that heavier cows were more prone to clinical lameness. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Ctr Genet Improvement Livestock, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Boettcher, PJ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Ctr Genet Improvement Livestock, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1156 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZL536 UT WOS:000073443700032 PM 9594404 ER PT J AU Nishimatsu, T Jackson, JJ AF Nishimatsu, T Jackson, JJ TI Interaction of insecticides, entomopathogenic nematodes, and larvae of the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema carpocapsae; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; synergy; tefluthrin; terbufos; fonofos ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; COMPATIBILITY; RHABDITIDA; PESTICIDES AB Chemical insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes have been independently used to suppress corn rootworm damage in maize. We report on the mortality response of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to the combined treatment with 1 of 3 insecticides (terbufos, fonofos, and tefluthrin) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Mexican strain). Corn rootworm mortality with combinations of the insecticides terbufos or fonofos and S. carpocapsae was typically additive for the 2 agents. Evidence of antagonism between these agents was sometimes observed. The combination of tefluthrin with S. carpocapsae frequently resulted in a synergistic response and a 24% average increase in expected mortality. The influence of the tefluthrin appears to be isolated to an effect on the rootworm larvae. Synergism also was observed when tefluthrin was combined with the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Lewiston strain). The combined use of tefluthrin with an entomopathogenic nematode may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for insect control. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Nishimatsu, T (reprint author), Nihon Nohyaku Res Ctr, Biol Res Ctr, 345 Oyamada Cho, Kawachi, Osaka 586, Japan. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 410 EP 418 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000012 PM 9589627 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A Luzader, E Reardon, R Roberts, A Ravlin, FW Sharov, A Zhou, GF AF Liebhold, A Luzader, E Reardon, R Roberts, A Ravlin, FW Sharov, A Zhou, GF TI Forecasting gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) defoliation with a geographical information system SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; sampling; egg mass; model ID CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; EGG MASSES; OUTBREAKS; CAPTURE; COUNTS; SPREAD; MODEL AB Maps of defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), as well as point estimates of egg mass density and counts of male moths captured in pheromone-baited traps collected from the Shenandoah National park and George Washington National Forest from 1989-1992 were assembled in a geographic information system. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to fit 15 logistic regression models that predicted the probability of noticeable defoliation in I-ha grid cells from various combinations of egg mass densities, counts of males in pheromone traps, presence of defoliation in the previous year, and distance to the expanding gypsy moth population Front. Models that incorporated egg mass density estimates and distance to the infested front provided the most reliable predictions of defoliation probability. The performance of these models was comparable with decision errors encountered using various egg mass density thresholds alone. The errors associated with application of egg mass density thresholds and the various models were high and highlighted the need for improved methods for predicting defoliation. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Beijing Univ, Dept Appl Math, Beijing 10083, Peoples R China. RP Liebhold, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 464 EP 472 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000019 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Haack, RA McLane, WH AF McCullough, DG Haack, RA McLane, WH TI Control of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in pine stumps and logs SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; Christmas trees; bark beetles; insecticides; verbenone; 4-allylanisol; Scotch pine ID DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; BEETLE; VERBENONE; FIELD; 4-ALLYLANISOLE; AGGREGATION AB Tomicus piniperda (L.), the pine shoot beetle, is an exotic bark beetle that was found in North America in 1992. A federal quarantine restricts shipment of infested pine Christmas trees into uninfested areas. Recently cut pine stumps, trees, or. logs are frequently present in Christmas tree production fields and can be colonized by parent beetles. We evaluated effectiveness of insecticides, 2 semiochemicals (verbenone and 4-allylnisol), and a cultural method of cutting stumps short, in reducing emergence or survival of T. piniperda beetles. Chlorpyrifos applied to the bark of Scotch pine stumps before colonization by parent beetles significantly reduced numbers of progeny beetles emerging from stumps compared with untreated controls. Cutting stumps short (e.g.< 6-8 cm tall) reduced phloem area available to colonizing parent beetles and feeding larvae. Fewer progeny beetles emerged from short stumps than from untreated stumps that were approximate to 35-10 cm tall. Emergence of progeny beetles from slumps with verbenone dispensers and stumps with 4-allylanisol dispensers was not significantly different from untreated controls. In 2 other studies, Scotch pine logs were treated with insecticides after colonization by parent beetles but before emergence of progeny beetles. Results indicated that chlorpyrifos, lindane, and cyfluthrin significantly reduced progeny beetle emergence. These insecticides, as well as bifenthrin, esfenvalerate, lamdacyhalothrin. and carbaryl, also significantly reduced survival of emerged progeny beetles compared with untreated controls. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA, APHIS, Insecticide & Applicat Technol Sect, Otis Angora Base, MA 02542 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 492 EP 499 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000023 ER PT J AU Lopez, JD AF Lopez, JD TI Evaluation of some commercially available trap designs and sex pheromone lures for Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; sex pheromone; trap; monitoring ID CORN-EARWORM; HUBNER AB Three commercially available sex pheromone lures (Trece, Scentry, and Hereon) for the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), were effective for capturing males in Universal Moth Traps (Unitraps). The Trece and Scentry lures were equally effective, and there was some evidence for significantly greater captures with Hereon than with Trece lures es, Longevity of the Trece, Scentry, and Hereon lures was 23, 37, and 28 -37 d, respectively. Of the trap designs evaluated, Unitraps were the most effective. All-green and all-white Unitraps baited with Trece lures were significantly less effective than those with a green cover, yellow top, and white bottom (multicolored). Multicolored Unitraps captured significantly greater numbers of males than Multipher li, 2, or 3 traps, and than commercially fabricated wire cone or commercially available Scentry Heliothis traps. Checking the Scentry Heliothis traps daily, rather than at 2- or 3-d intervals, as a way to reduce escape of moths that did not enter the trap tops, did not increase efficacy relative to Unitraps. There was no significant difference between captures in the wire cone and Scentry tl aps. These data should be useful in developing a standard trapping system for monitoring and population dynamics studies of the beet armyworm. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lopez, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, So Crops Res Lab, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000027 ER PT J AU Campbell, LG Anderson, AW Dregseth, R Smith, LJ AF Campbell, LG Anderson, AW Dregseth, R Smith, LJ TI Association between sugarbeet root yield and sugarbeet root maggot (Diptera : Otitidae) damage SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tetanops myopaeformis; Beta vulgaris; yield reduction AB Sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopacformis von Roder, is a major insect pest of sugarbeet throughout much of North America Root maggot damage is routinely rated on a 0 (no damage! to 5 (severe damage) scale. In 42 trials, the relationship between visual damage and root yield was examined. The mean damage rating in the absence of insecticides was 3.3 +/- 0.4, compared with 1.7 +/- 0.7 for the highest yielding treatment in each trial. Mean root yield of the highest yielding treatment in each trial was 48.8 +/- 8.9 Mg ha(-1), compared with a mean of 29.0 +/- 12.5 Mg ba(-1) when no insecticides were applied. Regression analyses within individual trials indicated that the yield loss associated with each increment of the damage rating scale fluctuated widely, ranging from near 0 to 15.7 +/- 2.42 Mg ha(-1). The percent yield reduction in the absence of insecticides ranged from 9.8 to 83.6% when compared with the treatment providing the most effective control in each test. These results are useful in estimating losses, developing recommendations, and providing a standard of comparison for alternative control strategies. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Minnesota, NW Expt Stn, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. RP Campbell, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000028 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Morford, M AF Neven, LG Morford, M TI Effects of irradiation on phenoloxidase levels in codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; irradiation; phenoloxidase; quarantine ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; TEPHRITIDAE; RADIATION; DIPTERA AB Laboratory trials were conducted to determine if changes in phenoloxidase, a common hemolymph component in insects, could be detected in codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). The 5 instars of codling moth were irradiated at doses of 0, 100, 300, 600, and 900 Cy and phenoloxidase levels were monitored at 0, 2, 4 and 6 d after treatment. The melanization method, protein electrophoresis, dot blot, and enzyme activity analyses were performed to determine phenoloxidase levels. No significant changes in the protein levels, enzymatic activity, or melanization rates in irradiated codling moth lan ae were found.,Although the melanization method may be adequate for determining whether lan ne of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (L.), were irradiated, it is not applicable to codling moth. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 534 EP 538 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZL902 UT WOS:000073485000030 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Legaspi, JC Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX Legaspi, B Saldana, R AF Greenberg, SM Legaspi, JC Nordlund, DA Wu, ZX Legaspi, B Saldana, R TI Evaluation of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) against two pyralid stemborers of Texas sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma; Mexican rice borer; sugarcane borer; biological parameters AB The role of Trichogramma minutum Riley (reared on Helicoverpa tea [Boddie] eggs or on an artificial diet) and T. pretiosum Riley (reared on H. zea eggs) as parasitoids of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) and sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was assessed under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The laboratory results showed that T. minutum reared on H. zea eggs parasitized 52.5% of Mexican rice borer eggs, compared to 50.3% for T. pretiosum. Parasitization of Mexican rice borer eggs by T. minutum reared on the artificial diet (62.6%) was not significantly different compared to those reared on H. zea eggs (52.5%). Trichogramma minutum reared on H. zea eggs parasitized 42.0% of sugarcane borer eggs, compared to only 12.6% by T. pretiosum. About 43.4% of sugarcane borer eggs were desiccated, despite 80 to 85% RH. Percentages of emergence (83.0%), female progeny (67.0%), deformed females (3.3%), and development time (8.2 d) in T. pretiosum reared from Mexican rice borer eggs did not differ significantly from those reared on H. tea eggs (91.3%, 72.5%, 2.5%, 8.3 d, respectively). However, T. pretiosum females reared from Mexican rice borer had greater longevity (2.5 d) and body length (0.385 mm) than females reared on H. tea (1.6 d, 0.326 mm, respectively). In the greenhouse, T. pretiosum parasitized an average of 55.3% of the Mexican rice borer eggs (egg masses were distributed on the sugarcane plants). About 21.0% of the eggs were dessicated, probably due to puncturing by the parasitoid, compared with 4.5% in the control, where egg masses were distributed on the plants without release of Trichogramma. Our results show the potential for use of Trichogramma spp. to control sugarcane stalk borers in a field IPM program. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZN855 UT WOS:000073690000005 ER PT J AU Baker, JE Perez-Mendoza, J Beeman, RW AF Baker, JE Perez-Mendoza, J Beeman, RW TI Multiple mating potential in a pteromalid wasp determined by using an insecticide resistance marker SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; mating behavior; genetic marker; multiple mating ID HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; BIOLOGY AB A malathion-resistance gene was used as a marker to determine if multiple mating occurs in the haplo-diploid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard). Results of bioassays of F-1 progeny of virgin females from a malathion-susceptible strain paired sequentially with susceptible and resistant males provided evidence that multiple mating can occur. Of 35 parent females tested in this manner, 14 produced a small number of resistant F-1 female progeny. Sperm from the initial mating was precedent and fertilized about 92% of the eggs in these females. When susceptible females were paired with susceptible males and allowed to parasitize weevils for 4 d prior to re-pairing, second matings with virgin resistant males did not occur. Male A. calandrae were polygynous and could successfully inseminate 10 virgin females within a 24-h period. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZN855 UT WOS:000073690000006 ER PT J AU Williams, L Schotzko, DJ O'Keeffe, LE AF Williams, L Schotzko, DJ O'Keeffe, LE TI Herbivory, seed priming, and tillage systems: Impacts on the growth response of Pisum sativum L SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE curculionidae; Sitona lineatus; Leguminosae; Pisum sativum; herbivory; compensatory growth; polyethylene glycol; osmotic priming; conservation tillage ID SITONA-LINEATUS L; PEA LEAF WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; GERMINATION; DEFOLIATION; COLEOPTERA; SEEDLINGS; YIELD; CORN AB Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of herbivory, seed priming, and tillage practices on the growth response of Pisum sativum L. A factorial treatment design incorporated two levels of tillage treatment (moldboard and chisel plow), three levels of seed priming [Captan, PEG (polyethylene glycol) 8000, and Captan+PEG 8000], and four levels of herbivory by Sitona lineatus (L.) (caged controls, uncaged controls, 1 weevil/plant, and 8 weevils/plant). Pisum sativum stands at approximately 75% emergence were infested for 1 wk. Sitona lineatus infestations resulted in defoliation of approximately 5, 25, and 55% for the control, low, and high weevil densities, respectively. Conservation tillage led to increased surface residue but did not affect soil moisture, temperature, or compensatory growth response of P. sativum. Seed priming treatments, incorporating PEG, led to an undercompensatory growth response of P. sativum, as did high levels of S. lineatus defoliation. Improved seed priming methods that promote vigorous seedling growth may help minimize the impacts of S. lineatus and suboptimal soil conditions on P. sativum. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Lab, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Cty Rd 265 & 272,5 Story Bldg,POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 196 EP 211 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZN855 UT WOS:000073690000009 ER PT J AU Rhodes, DJ Hayes, JL Steiner, C AF Rhodes, DJ Hayes, JL Steiner, C TI Retention of external and internal markers by Southern pine beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) during gallery construction SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Southern pine beetle; mark-recapture; fluorescent dyes; rubidium ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; BARK BEETLES; DISPERSAL; MARKING; DIFFUSION; RUBIDIUM; INSECTS; FLIGHT; MODELS AB If retained, markers used in mark-release-recapture studies of bark beetle dispersal could provide valuable tools in the determination of post-dispersal fate. Retention of the internal marker rubidium (Rb) and of the external marker fluorescent powder during egg gallery construction, oviposition, and feeding were quantified at intervals from 0 to 96 h by allowing marked Southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to carry out these activities in untreated host material. Significant differences in Rb concentrations were found between fed and unfed Rb-marked beetles at all intervals after 12 h. Unfed Rb-marked beetles were detectable at all intervals, whereas reliable detection of fed Rb-marked beetles declined with time. Over 90% of fed southern pine beetle marked with fluorescent powder were detectably marked after 96 h, while less than 50% of the Rb-marked beetles were detectable after 72 h. Neither marking technique adversely affected the gallery length or number of eggs produced by marked beetles compared to unmarked beetles allowed to excavate for 96 h. Practical aspects of both techniques are considered. C1 USDA, So Res Stn, FS, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Rhodes, DJ (reprint author), Kisatchie Natl Forest, 3727 Govt St, Alexandria, LA 71302 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZN855 UT WOS:000073690000011 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA AF Laszlo, JA TI Biodegradability of quaternized, crosslinked sugarcane bagasse SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMER DEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; chemical modification; ion exchange; lignocellulose ID CHITOSAN FIBERS; CROSS-LINKING; CELLULOSE; DECOLORIZATION; AGENTS; WATER; DYES AB Quaternized, crosslinked sugarcane bagasse can adsorb anionic dyes from textile wastewater. Disposal of dye-saturated adsorbent by composting or land application would require that modifications made to the bagasse do not interfere with its decomposition. The impact of quaternization and crosslinking on bagasse biodegradability was examined. Bagasse in varying states of modification was mixed with soil and monitored for carbon dioxide evolution for four weeks at 27 degrees C. After subtracting the amount of carbon evolved from control soil samples, the net carbon evolved from the bagasse samples was determined and used as a measure of their extent of biodegradation. Biodegradability decreased in the order: bagasse (approx. 60% degraded after four weeks) > quaternized bagasse > quaternized, epichlorohydrin-crosslinked bagasse > quaternized, methylene-bis-acrylamide-crosslinked bagasse > epichlorohydrin-crosslinked bagasse (less than 5% degraded). Crosslinking severely impacted biodegration, probably by preventing the penetration of (hemi)cellulytic and lignolytic enzymes into the interior of the modified bagasse particles. It is concluded that the biodegradability of quaternized, crosslinked bagasse is too low for composting or land application. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-7546 J9 J ENVIRON POLYM DEGR JI J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. PD APR PY 1998 VL 6 IS 2 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1023/A:1022802021250 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 108MW UT WOS:000075270900002 ER PT J AU Imam, SH Chen, L Gordon, SH Shogren, RL Weisleder, D Greene, RV AF Imam, SH Chen, L Gordon, SH Shogren, RL Weisleder, D Greene, RV TI Biodegradation of injection molded starch-poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) blends in a natural compost environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMER DEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE starch; PHBV; PHA; plastic; blends; biodegradation; soil; compost ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE); POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE); DEGRADATION; PLASTICS; FATE AB Injection molded specimens were prepared by blending poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) with cornstarch. Blended formulations incorporated 30% or 50% starch in the presence or absence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which enhances the adherence of starch granules to PHBV. These formulations were evaluated for their biodegradability in natural compost by measuring changes in physical and chemical properties over a period of 125 days. The degradation of plastic material, as evidenced by weight loss and deterioration in tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present in the blends (neat PHBV < 30% starch < 50% starch). Incorporation of PEO into starch-PHBV blends had little or no effect on the rate of weight loss. Starch in blends degraded faster than PHBV and it accelerated PHBV degradation. Also, PHBV did not retard starch degradation. After 125 days of exposure to compost, neat PHBV lost 7 % of its weight (0.056 % weight loss/day), while the PHBV component of a 50% starch blend lost 41 % of its weight (0.328 % weight loss/day). PHB and PHV moieties within the copolymer degraded at similar rates, regardless of the presence of starch, as determined by H-1-NMR spectroscopy. GPC analyses revealed that, while the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHBV in all exposed samples decreased, there was no significant difference in this decrease between neat PHBV as opposed to PHBV blended with starch. SEM showed homogeneously distributed starch granules embedded in a PHBV matrix, typical of a filler material. Starch granules were rapidly depleted during exposure to compost, increasing the surface area of the PHBV matrix. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer & Analyt Support Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM IMAMSH@MAIL.NCAUR.USDA.GOV NR 27 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-7546 J9 J ENVIRON POLYM DEGR JI J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. PD APR PY 1998 VL 6 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1022806222158 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 108MW UT WOS:000075270900004 ER PT J AU Rowntree, R AF Rowntree, R TI Modeling fire and nutrient flux SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB Citizens need to understand how their ecosystem works and try to influence its behavior the common good, but complexity, uncertainty, and cost discourage many communities. In the Lake Tahoe Basin, organizations and individuals are leveraging the community's high interest in lake clarity and fire danger to construct complex, dynamic models for adaptive management. Models show citizens how the ecosystem works so that they can make intelligent decisions about the desired future condition of their ecosystem and determine how the costs and benefits will be distributed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, NE Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Rowntree, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, NE Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM rrowntree/psw@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1998 VL 96 IS 4 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE061 UT WOS:000072753700005 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, MG Kittredge, B Dennis, D Stevens, T AF Rickenbach, MG Kittredge, B Dennis, D Stevens, T TI Ecosystem management: Capturing the concept for woodland owners SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB How nonindustrial private forests are managed is crucial in ecosystems where NIPF owners control most of the land, but ecosystem management is complex. A survey of landowners indicates, however, that most are already predisposed to its basic principles:they understand that their actions affect land elsewhere, they value the components of the landscape, and they want to leave a healthy forest for the next generation. Framing ecosystem-based approaches within those three areas may help foresters work with NIPF owners. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Rickenbach, MG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1998 VL 96 IS 4 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZE061 UT WOS:000072753700007 ER PT J AU Mallants, D Tseng, PH Vanclooster, M Feyen, J AF Mallants, D Tseng, PH Vanclooster, M Feyen, J TI Predicted drainage for a sandy loam soil: sensitivity to hydraulic property description SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic functions; Monte-Carlo simulation; numerical modelling; unsaturated flow ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACROPOROUS SOIL; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-FLOW; SILT LOAM; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; FIELD; MODEL AB Prediction of unsaturated how phenomena at field-scale requires a set of hydraulic functions that capture local-scale variability which is present in all natural soils. Several sets of hydraulic functions measured on different core sizes collected across the field were used to predict drainage from a saturated soil profile. Simulations were carried out with a one-dimensional numerical model, based on the Richards equation. Four methods were considered: (1) Monte-Carlo simulation using 500 unimodal retention and conductivity functions representing theta(psi) and K-S data measured on 0.05 m diameter 0.051 m long core samples; (2) multiple simulations with a set of 60 multimodal retention and conductivity functions which better represented the measured theta(psi) data of method 1; (3) one single simulation with a set of hydraulic functions obtained from a gravity-drainage experiment on 15 l m long 0.3 m diameter soil columns collected from the same field; (4) one single simulation with a set of hydraulic functions obtained by scaling the retention and conductivity data from method 3. A perfect match of the final mean outflow was obtained when scaled retention data was used in combination with scaled K-S values (method 4). All other cases underestimated the total outflow to a varying degree: 30% for method 1, 29% for method 2, and 21% for method 3. The results further revealed that none of the four methods was able to completely describe the mean observed drainage from the start until the equilibrium condition. This was further demonstrated by the disparities between the mean observed soil water content profile and the simulated values using hydraulic functions from method 4. Especially after the first day, differences were large, presumably because macropore flow could not be described using the Richards flow equation. Despite the introduction of multimodal retention and conductivity functions which better described the retention behaviour of small soil cores (method 2) in comparison with unimodal retention functions (method 1), mean predicted outflow for both methods was nearly identical. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Inst Land & Water Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Mallants, D (reprint author), Belgian Nucl Energy Res Ctr, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RI Mallants, Dirk/A-5727-2012 OI Mallants, Dirk/0000-0001-7282-1981 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00100-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA ZR948 UT WOS:000074032400010 ER PT J AU Turecek, F Kerwin, JL Xu, R Kramer, KJ AF Turecek, F Kerwin, JL Xu, R Kramer, KJ TI Distinction of N-substituted histidines by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; PROTON AFFINITIES; INSECT CUTICLE; GAS-PHASE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ION; MODELS C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Turecek, F (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Bagley Hall,Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34339] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 392 EP 396 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199804)33:4<392::AID-JMS646>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ZL735 UT WOS:000073465200012 PM 9597771 ER PT J AU Van Laack, RLJM Kauffman, RG Pospiech, E Greaser, M Lee, S Solomon, MB AF Van Laack, RLJM Kauffman, RG Pospiech, E Greaser, M Lee, S Solomon, MB TI The effects of prerigor sodium bicarbonate perfusion on the quality of porcine M-semimembranosus SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE PIGS; MUSCLE; ACID; BASE; CAPACITY; PORK; MEAT AB The effect of prerigor sodium bicarbonate (SBC) perfusion on the quality of porcine semimembranosus muscle was tested in 8 pigs, heterozygous for the halothane gene. Perfusion via the iliac artery was initiated at 15 min postmortem. For each carcass, one side was perfused with 4 L of 0.75 M SBC and one side with 0.7% saline. None of the sampled muscles was PSE quality. SBC treatment resulted in a doubling of the muscle sodium content, indicating that about 5% of the perfused SBC was absorbed. Although the ultimate pH of SBC samples was higher (p < 0.05) than the pH of controls, the difference was smaller than expected. L*-value and drip losses were lowered (p < 0.05) by SBC treatment. These results suggest that it may be possible to reduce PSE by prerigor application of SBC. Further studies an optimum delivery (perfusion versus infusion) and SBC concentration are needed. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Laack, RLJM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RI Greaser, Marion/C-6147-2012 OI Greaser, Marion/0000-0002-6583-9566 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZR848 UT WOS:000074020600010 ER PT J AU Pascual, M Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ AF Pascual, M Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ TI In vivo glucose contribution to glutamate synthesis is maintained while its contribution to acetyl CoA is lowered in adult mice fed a diet with a high fat : carbohydrate ratio SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary glucose metabolism; stable isotopes; glutamate synthesis acetyl CoA synthesis; mice ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; METABOLISM; ACID; CARBOXYLASE; LIVER; CYCLE; FLUX AB To investigate the contribution of dietary carbohydrate to glutamate and acetyl CoA synthesis, two groups of adult mice were fed a high-(HCD) or a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in which 5% of the carbohydrate was [U-C-13]-glucose. Four animals from each dietary group were killed after 1, 2 and 5 d. The tracer:tracee ratios of [C-13(3)] and [C-13(6)]blood glucose and of the [C-13(2)] and [C-13(3)] isotopomers of blood, mucosal, hepatic and muscle alanine and glutamate were used to calculate the fractional contribution of glucose to the 3-carbon, acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate pools of each tissue. In the HCD mice, glucose contributed 66, 33 and 31% of the acetyl CoA pool of muscle, liver and mucosa, respectively. The contribution of glucose to acetyl CoA was lowered by 33% (P < 0.05) and 55% (P < 0.01) in the liver and muscle of the LCD group, respectively, but was unaltered in the mucosa. Glucose made a minor contribution to glutamate synthesis via oxaloacetate in the liver (23%) and muscle (10%) of the HCD group. The fraction of hepatic and muscle glutamate synthesis derived from glucose was not affected by the diet. We conclude that glucose oxidation in liver and muscle parallels the contribution of carbohydrate to dietary energy and that glucose is not a major carbon precursor for muscle glutamate synthesis. Net glutamate synthesis in extraintestinal tissues is preserved when dietary carbohydrate is restricted. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 128 IS 4 BP 733 EP 739 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZG518 UT WOS:000073011700012 PM 9521636 ER PT J AU Mazur, WM Duke, JA Wahala, K Rasku, S Adlercreutz, H AF Mazur, WM Duke, JA Wahala, K Rasku, S Adlercreutz, H TI Isoflavonoids and lignans in legumes: Nutritional and health aspects in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isoflavones; lignans; mammalian lignans; isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC METHOD; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; POSSIBLE ROLES; BREAST-CANCER; SOYBEAN FOODS; JAPANESE MEN; SOY PROTEIN; HUMAN URINE AB Dietary factors are considered important environmental risk determinants for western diseases. Studies have revealed beneficial or protective effects of the consumption of legumes with regard to hypercholesterolaemia and coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and menopause. During the last decade attention has been focused on soy and soybean products. Several constituents have been isolated: isoflavones, phytosterols, pretense inhibitors, inositol hexaphosphate, and saponins. Our interest concentrates on hormone-like bisphenolic phytoestrogens of dietary origin, the lignans and isoflavonoids. Their glycosides, converted by gut bacteria to mammalian derivatives with weak estrogenic and antioxidative activity, originate in leguminous seeds. we developed an isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of the isoflavones, formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein and coumestrol, and the lignans secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol, in food samples. We measured the four isoflavonoids and coumestrol, and for the first time, the two lignans in 52 leguminous seeds and found high concentrations of isoflavonoids (0-1853.35 mg/kg, 0-7.3 mmol/kg dw) but lower amount of lignans (0-15.85 mg/kg; 0.05 mmol/kg dw). The highest plasma levels of their metabolites are found in individuals living in countries or regions with low cancer and cardiovascular disease incidence and these are probably sufficient to influence intracellular enzymes, protein synthesis, growth factor action, malignant cell proliferation, differentiation, arid angiogenesis. Leguminous seeds, therefore, in respect to their abundant concentrations of phytoestrogens, are strong candidates for a role as natural cancer-protective food. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, Helsinki, Finland. RP Adlercreutz, H (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, POB 60, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 65 TC 216 Z9 227 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00184-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZG836 UT WOS:000073044900002 ER PT J AU Martin, A Wu, DY Meydani, SN Blumberg, JB Meydani, M AF Martin, A Wu, DY Meydani, SN Blumberg, JB Meydani, M TI Vitamin E protects human aortic endothelial cells from cytotoxic injury induced by oxidized LDL in vitro SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; oxidized low-density lipoprotein; prostacyclin; interleukin-1; human aortic endothelial cells ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN-1; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CULTURED HUMAN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS AB Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were used to investigate the protective role of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) against oxLDL in vitro. HAEC exposed to oxLDL (200 mg LDL protein/mL) significantly decreased cell viability by 36%. HAEC presupplemented with 14, 28, and 53 mu M alpha-tocopherol in the media dose-dependently increased cell resistance to cytotoxic injury from oxLDL (200 mu g protein/mL) as reflected by the number of cells remaining attached to the flask: 3.3 x 10(5), 3.8 x 10(5), 4.9 x 10(5), and 5.2 x 10(5), respectively, versus 5.1 x 10(5) in control cultures. Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) produced by HAEC increased after 12-hr incubation with oxLDL, correlating positively with cell damage and negatively with alpha-tocopherol concentration in the cells. Under the same conditions after a 22-hr incubation, a significant decrease in PGI(2) production was observed only in HAEC pretreated with a high alpha-tocopherol concentration [unsupplemented HAEC: 839 +/- 296 pg/mL versus alpha-tocopherol supplemented (53 mu M): 241 +/- 79 pg/mg]. Interleukin-1 beta production was not detected in HAEC under control conditions or after exposure to oxLDL. HAEC supplemented with alpha-tocopherol but not exposed to oxLDL maintained significantly higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations compared with those exposed to oxLDL. Under phase contrast microscopy, HAEC showed a pronounced elongation of their normal cobblestone morphology after oxLDL exposure; this change was reduced by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment. Thus, supplementation with alpha-tocopherol protected HAEC by reducing the cytotoxic effect of oxLDL, modulating PGI(2) production without having any effect on IL-1 beta. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(97)00185-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZG836 UT WOS:000073044900003 ER PT J AU Adams, AM Hoberg, EP McAlpine, DF Clayden, SL AF Adams, AM Hoberg, EP McAlpine, DF Clayden, SL TI Occurrence and morphological comparisons of Campula oblonga (Digenea : Campulidae), including a report from an atypical host, the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB New host records for Campula oblonga Cobbold, 1858 from the common dolphin. Delphinus delphis L., and from the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre), are reported herein. Campulids have not been reported previously from a host that was not a marine mammal. The excellent condition and small size of the gravid specimen and the diet and natural history of the thresher shark lead us to conclude that the digene was acquired from the consumption of infected fish. Specimens of C. oblonga from these 2 hosts and from harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), and from Dall's porpoises, Phocoenoides dalli (True). are compared, and a wide variation in ranges and values for characters is noted. The synonymy of Campula folium Ozaki. 1935 with C. oblonga is further supported by the apparent effect of the host on the size of the trematodes. Due to the degree of variation in measurements and the numerous factors that may impact these values, we recommend the use of qualitative morphologic characters for the identification of C. oblonga. C1 US FDA, Seafood Prod Res Ctr, Bothell, WA 98041 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. New Brunswick Museum, St John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada. Grand Manan Whale & Seabird Res Stn, N Head, Grand Manan E0G 2M0, Canada. RP Adams, AM (reprint author), US FDA, Seafood Prod Res Ctr, POB 3012, Bothell, WA 98041 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.2307/3284507 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZJ986 UT WOS:000073273600034 PM 9576521 ER PT J AU Aramini, JJ Stephen, C Dubey, JP AF Aramini, JJ Stephen, C Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasma gondii in Vancouver Island cougars (Felis concolor vancouverensis): Serology and oocyst shedding SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CATS; RESPONSES; TESTS; CYSTS AB One of 12 necropsied cougars (Felis concolor vancouverensis) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, shed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts confirmed by mouse bioassay. Eleven of the 12 cougars (92%) had antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test with titers of <1:25 (1 cougar), 1:50 (8 cougars), and 1:500 (3 cougars). One additional cougar fecal sample collected from the Victoria watershed environment also contained T. gondii oocysts. In 1995, the largest reported outbreak of human toxoplasmosis was linked to municipal drinking water in Victoria, British Columbia. This study supports the initial hypothesis at the time of the outbreak that not only domestic cats, but also cougars, pose a risk to Victoria's water supply. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Herd Med & Theriogenol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Malaspina Univ, Ctr Coastal Hlth, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada. USDA ARS, BARC E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aramini, JJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Herd Med & Theriogenol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 438 EP 440 DI 10.2307/3284508 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZJ986 UT WOS:000073273600035 PM 9576522 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Topper, MJ Nutter, FB AF Dubey, JP Topper, MJ Nutter, FB TI Muscular Sarcocystis infection in a bear (Ursus americanus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Sarcocysts of an unidentified Sarcocystis species were found in sections of skeletal muscles of a black bear (Ursus americanus) from North Carolina. Two sarcocysts in a section measured 45 x 37.5 mu m and 67.5 x 50 mu m and had a thin (<2 mu m) sarcocyst wall. The villar protrusions on the cyst wall were up to 2 mu m long and up to 0.7 mu m wide. The bradyzoites were approximately 6 x 2.5 mu m in size. This the first report of muscular Sarcocystis in a bear. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Compan Anim & Special Species Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.2307/3284512 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZJ986 UT WOS:000073273600039 PM 9576526 ER PT J AU Dugyala, RR Sharma, RP Tsunoda, M Riley, RT AF Dugyala, RR Sharma, RP Tsunoda, M Riley, RT TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a contributor in fumonisin B(1) toxicity SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Toxicol ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NOVO SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; T-CELL LINE; FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM; CHICKEN MACROPHAGE; HUMAN MONOCYTES; DNA-SYNTHESIS; APOPTOSIS; SPHINGOSINE AB Fumonisin B(1) is a toxic product of Fusarium moniliforme, which inhibits ceramide synthase, leading to accumulation of free sphingoid bases. Despite its known biochemical action, the mechanism of toxicity is not fully understood. Male BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with 0 to 6.75 mg/kg/day of fumonisin B(1) for 5 days. One day after the last treatment, spleens were collected, and peritoneal macrophages were obtained from separate groups after an intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate broth. Peripheral leukocyte counts were increased and kidney weights were decreased by fumonisin B(1) treatment. Presence of apoptotic cells in the liver and kidney of treated mice was confirmed by enzymatic immunoassay. Macrophages cultured with lipopolysaccharide indicated an increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but not of interleukin-1 alpha. No effect was seen on interferon-gamma production when splenocytes were incubated with concanavalin A. Elevation of leukocyte and reticulocyte counts was abrogated by pretreatment with anti-TNF-alpha antibody before a single dose fumonisin B(1) (25 mg/kg), supporting the hypothesis that the fumonisin B(1) toxicity involves TNF-alpha. Cultures of J774A.1 cells, when treated with fumonisin B(1), produced TNF-alpha in vitro. Results indicate that fumonisin B(1) toxicity may involve secretion of TNF-alpha by TNF-alpha-producing cells without altering interleukin-1 alpha or interferon-gamma. The influence on TNF-alpha-production may be a contributing factor to fumonisin B(1)-induced apoptosis and other observed toxic effects in animals. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rpsharma@calc.vet.uga.edu NR 58 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD APR PY 1998 VL 285 IS 1 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZG158 UT WOS:000072972200041 PM 9536027 ER PT J AU Aiken, GE AF Aiken, GE TI Steer performance and nutritive values for continuously and rotationally stocked bermudagrass sod-seeded with wheat and ryegrass SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-DURATION; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; FORAGE QUALITY; CALVES; HEIFER; GROWTH; YIELD; SWARD; LAMBS AB Considerable research has been conducted comparing animal and plant responses between rotational and continuous stocking, but more studies are needed to evaluate intensive, multi-paddock rotational stocking for managing forages in the southeastern USA. A 2-yr study was conducted with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures that were drill-planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to compare steer performance and forage nutritive values between continuous stocking, 3-paddock low-intensity and Il-paddock high-intensity rotational stocking systems for both the cool-season annuals and warm-season perennial. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein (CP) were similar (P > 0.10) between continuous stocking and averages of pregraze, midgraze, and postgraze sample times for both rotation systems. There were decreases (P < 0.05) of IVDMD over sample times within grazing periods for both rotation systems. Declines in IVDMD during the cool season (P < 0.001) occurred between midgraze and postgraze sample times while decreases during the warm season (P < 0.10) were detected throughout the grazing period. A distinct reduction in CP (P < 0.10) during grazing periods was observed only for the cool season in 1994. Average daily gain was not affected (P > 0.10) by the grazing treatments in either season. Higher stocking rates were achieved (P < 0.01) with rotational stocking than with continuous stocking during the cool season, but not (P > 0.10) during the warm season. Thus, there was higher (P < 0.05) liveweight gain per acre with rotational stocking during the cool season, but not (P > 0.10) during the warm season. Results of the study indicate that rotational stocking can enhance steer liveweight gain per acre because of increased stocking rate on wheat-ryegrass, but not on bermudagrass. Also, the more intensive Il-paddock system was not more productive than the 3-paddock system in either season. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Cent, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Cent, 6883 Hwy 23 S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZU149 UT WOS:000074167200003 ER PT J AU Ginn, LH Heatherly, LG Adams, ER Wesley, RA AF Ginn, LH Heatherly, LG Adams, ER Wesley, RA TI A sprayer for under-canopy application of herbicide sprays SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Herbicides applied postemergence to crops planted in rows must reach the target weed species to be effective, In numerous cases, the targeted species may be covered by leaves of a crop canopy, Our objective was to develop an apparatus that could be used effectively to apply directed herbicides postemergence to under-canopy areas of crops planted in narrow rows (less than or equal to 20 in.) so that the herbicide would reach the target species. We designed and constructed a sprayer that will attach to a 40- to 100-hp row-crop tractor having a PTO and standard Category (Cat.) II three-point hitch attachment. This unit delivers herbicide sprays beneath the canopy of crops so that the maximum amount of herbicide spray reaches the target species. Each nozzle that is directed to cover the space in a single between-row area is mounted on a wheel-supported frame so that the height of application is constant regardless of terrain. Use of this sprayer to direct herbicide sprays underneath the canopy reduces the effect of wind that causes drift in over-the-top applications. Thus, use of this sprayer ensures that the maximum amount of spray solution of any herbicide applied postemergence will contact the target weed species that may be partially overshadowed by leaves of the crop, and will be confined to the intended area of application. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZU149 UT WOS:000074167200005 ER PT J AU Ellis, JR AF Ellis, JR TI Post flood syndrome and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB In the past few years large areas of the Midwest and Great Plains have been inundated with water and plant P deficiency is often a problem after such events. Soil and plant samples were collected in 1994 in Missouri and Iowa from sites flooded and falloff ed in 1993. Plants were P deficient during early vegetative growth in spite of soil tests indicating adequate P availability and typical levels of starter fertilizer. The flood and fallow problem was associated with the loss of root colonizing vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi that benefit the plant by increasing uptake of P. The VAM fungi are dependent upon the plant for growth and reproduction and loss of host significantly reduces VAM fungal populations in soil. The VAM fungal populations increased with the presence of a crop in the year following the hood. A greenhouse study an the effect of flooding on VAM fungi indicates the number of VAM hyphae or spores producing colonization were not affected by an extended flooding period and therefore are related to the lack of host for an extended period of time in the same manner as "long fallow disorder" in Australia. The research conducted indicates that the Post Flood Syndrome was associated with the loss of VAM fungi. Use of starter fertilizer was beneficial in correcting Post Flood Syndrome but broadcast fertilizer application appeared to have an insignificant effect on reducing the P deficiency. The application of 80 Ib P/acre as starter fertilizer produced plants that were not P deficient. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Ellis, JR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 110 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jel-lis@unlinfo.unl.edu NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZU149 UT WOS:000074167200006 ER PT J AU Yamoah, CF Varvel, GE Francis, CA Waltman, WJ AF Yamoah, CF Varvel, GE Francis, CA Waltman, WJ TI Weather and management impact on crop yield variability in rotations SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN RATE; CORN YIELD; FERTILIZER; CLIMATE; SORGHUM; SYSTEMS AB Crop rotation offers several advantages to improve farmers' systems worldwide. The positive attributes of rotations are usually dependent upon crop choices, cropping sequence, soil fertility management, and weather factors. Of these, weather is most uncontrollable, but its effects can be partially manipulated through management. This study presents information on how weather affected cropping systems in a 12-yr span. The study also illustrates the use of indices of weather (composite) variables to predict yields. The composite variables are three biological windows (BW) and a standardized precipitation index (SPI). Biological windows based on soil temperature and soil moisture indicate the number of days favorable for or detrimental to crop growth. Biological window 2 (temperature > 41 degrees F+moist soil) in combination with May temperature explained more than 80% of the variability in corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) yields. August temperature negatively affected corn and soybean yields, especially in continuous monocrops. Preseason 9-mo SPI (September-May) explained up to 50% of the subsequent season's corn yields, and this information could influence crop choice. Overall, yields in rotations were higher than in continuous monocropping systems. Nitrogen fertilization increased cereal yields more in continuous monocropping than in rotations with legumes. Corn and soybean appeared more sensitive to soil moisture and temperature variability (P < 0.0001) than sorghum (Sorghum bicolor IL] Moench) (P > 0.05). Risk as measured by standard deviation in yields or incomes did not differ significantly among systems. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Cent Sustainable Agr Syst, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Francis, CA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Cent Sustainable Agr Syst, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM csas002@unlvm.unl.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZU149 UT WOS:000074167200009 ER PT J AU Meullenet, JF Lyon, BG Carpenter, JA Lyon, CE AF Meullenet, JF Lyon, BG Carpenter, JA Lyon, CE TI Relationship between sensory and instrumental texture profile attributes SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Texture relationships were studied using both sensory and instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) techniques to evaluate twenty-one food samples from a wide variety of foods. High linear correlations, were found between sensory and instrumental TPA parameters for hardness (r = 0.76) and springiness (r = 0.83). No significant correlations were found between sensory and instrumental TPA parameters for cohesiveness and chewiness. Logarithmic transformations of data improved correlations between sensory attributes and their instrumental corollaries. The correlation between sensory hardness and the logarithm of instrumental hardness was improved to r = 0.96. The correlation between the logarithm of both sensory and instrumental springiness was improved to r = 0.86. The correlation between the logarithms of both sensory and instrumental chewiness was improved to r = 0.54, which was significant at P < 0.05. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Meullenet, JF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. NR 23 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 11 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD APR PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.1998.tb00076.x PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZK197 UT WOS:000073295100006 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW AF Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW TI Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera : Cucujidae) in response to temperature gradients in stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptolestes ferrugineus; stored grain; movement; temperature gradient; spatial dynamics ID RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE; MOISTURE AB Temperature gradients were established in a 56 cm diameter cylinder with 9 cm high sides filled with 19.9 kg of hard red winter wheat to determine if adult rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), would disperse to warmer areas. C. ferrugineus moved into and remained in warmer areas of the grain mass after 24 h, Beetle preference for the warmest area of the grain mass occurred at 21-20 degrees C, 24-20 degrees C, and 42-20 degrees C temperature gradients. No preference was shown for any area of the grain mass where no gradient was established, The beetles were able to locate the warmest area even at the 21-20 degrees C gradient. In autumn, grain stored in bins cools fastest on the outside of the bulk and remains warmer longer in the center. This study suggests that C. ferrugineus should move toward the warmer center region of a grain mass as the periphery of the grain cools in the fall, This would allow C. ferrugineus populations to continue to increase in the center of the grain mass during the winter months in large, unaerated, grain bins. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 12 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR-JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(98)00002-2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZX651 UT WOS:000074540000003 ER PT J AU Dowdy, AK McGaughey, WH AF Dowdy, AK McGaughey, WH TI Stored-product insect activity outside of grain masses in commercial grain elevators in the midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE grain storage; population monitoring; refugia; stored products ID WHEAT; INFESTATION AB Knowledge of sources of insect infestation, population dynamics, and movement of pests is needed to effectively target and use both conventional and alternative pest management tactics. This study was conducted to determine the nature and source of insect infestations in commercial elevators with an emphasis on the relative importance of refugial populations in and around commercial facilities. Insect activity was monitored using two types of traps in several areas inside and outside concrete silos, Every area of all of the elevators examined had detectable populations of stored-product insects that could potentially migrate into grain in storage. A total of 13 beetle species and two species of moths were found, Each elevator had different problem areas that demonstrated the structural and management influences on insect movement. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowdy, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR-JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(97)00057-X PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZX651 UT WOS:000074540000006 ER PT J AU Preuss, HG Jarrell, ST Scheckenbach, R Lieberman, S Anderson, RA AF Preuss, HG Jarrell, ST Scheckenbach, R Lieberman, S Anderson, RA TI Comparative effects of chromium, vanadium and Gymnema sylvestre on sugar-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hypertension, sucrose-induced; chromium polynicotinate, effects on BP; bis(maltolato)oxovanadium, effects on BP; Gymnema sylvestre, effects on BP; TEARS, chromium effects ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ASCORBIC-ACID; LEAF EXTRACT; VITAMIN-C; HYPERINSULINEMIA; BIS(MALTOLATO)OXOVANADIUM(IV) AB Objective: Effects on systolic blood pressure (SEP) of ingesting three agents reported to influence insulin metabolism, i.e., chromium polynicotinate, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (BMOV), and the herb, Gymnema sylvestre, were assessed simultaneously in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: In the first study, SHR were fed either a starch, sugar, or sugar diet containing chromium polynicotinate, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium (BMOV), or G. sylvestre. Tail SEP was estimated indirectly and various blood chemistries were measured. TEARS formation was determined in hepatic and renal tissue. In a second study, tail SEP was measured in SHR ingesting diets containing different concentrations of BMOV. Results: Compared to starch, SHR consuming sucrose showed a significant elevation of SEP within days that was maintained for the duration of study. Addition of chromium polynicotinate to the sucrose diet at the beginning of study prevented the sucrose-induced elevation of SEP for 2 weeks, but SEP rose significantly after that. BMOV at high concentrations overcame the sucrose-induced rise in SEP and even decreased SEP below values seen in SHR eating the starch diet, but marked weight loss was noted. A second study examined different concentrations of BMOV. At 0.01% w/w concentration of BMOV, SEP was still significantly decreased, even though SHR did not lose body weight (BW) early on. SHR consuming G. sylvestre showed no change or even elevated SEP. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TEARS) formation, an estimate of lipid peroxidation, was decreased by chromium polynicotinate and BMOV, and renal TEARS by chromium polynicotinate. Circulating cholesterol concentrations were decreased in the SHR consuming G. sylvestre. Conclusions: Chromium decreases the portion of SEP elevated by high sucrose intake as shown previously, but high levels of sucrose ingestion can eventually overcome this. BMOV overcame sucrose-induced elevation of SEP as well as some of the "genetic hypertension." Different from chromium, this decrease was not overcome by high levels of dietary sucrose. The significant lowering of cholesterol with G. sylvestre ingestion indicates some effect on metabolism, but G. sylvestre did not lower and even raised SEP. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Inst Biomol Nutr, Eugene, OR USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Preuss, HG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bldg D,Room 371,4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 50 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZD908 UT WOS:000072737400005 PM 9550454 ER PT J AU Frykman, HB Snyder, JM King, JW AF Frykman, HB Snyder, JM King, JW TI Screening catalytic lipase activities with an analytical supercritical fluid extractor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrolysis; interesterification; lipase; phospholipids; sterols; supercritical extraction; supercritical reaction; triglycerides ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Two different screenings of several commercial lipases were performed to find a lipase with superior performance for the conversion of lipid moieties to their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives under supercritical conditions. The first screening was done under hydrolytic conditions in a buffer. The second screening was done under supercritical conditions with CO2, utilizing some of the same lipases for the methanolysis of different lipids. For the substrates studied, there was a significant difference in lipase activity under the two above conditions. Significant hydrolytic activity was demonstrated for three different lipid types (triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids) with Lipase PS30, but when the same lipase was immobilized on an Accurel carrier (polypropylene), the activity decreased considerably. The opposite was found for Lipase G, which showed strong activity when immobilized and under supercritical conditions. Furthermore, Chirozyme L-l was superior under supercritical conditions. The altered substrate specificity that some of these lipases show in supercritical CO2 suggests several interesting synthetic options and applications under these conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Frykman, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frykmahb@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0257-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK153 UT WOS:000073290700013 ER PT J AU Hampson, JW Foglia, TA AF Hampson, JW Foglia, TA TI Separation of tripalmitin from its hydrolysis products by simple isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE enzymatic hydrolysis; extraction; FFA; HPLC; neutral lipids; tripalmitin AB An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatographic method was developed for monitoring the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of solid triglycerides in supercritical carbon dioxide. The reaction products obtained consist of free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and unreacted triglycerides. For the method, developed with tripalmitin, a mobile phase of acetonitrile/chloroform/acetic acid (50:50:1, vol/vol/vol), a C-18 column, and refractive index detection were used. Analysis time is 7 min. Response factors were determined for each neutral lipid class, which permitted quantitation of the hydrolysis product mixture. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hampson, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 539 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s11746-998-0262-x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZK153 UT WOS:000073290700018 ER PT J AU Bernier, UR Carlson, DA Geden, CJ AF Bernier, UR Carlson, DA Geden, CJ TI Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons from parasitic wasps of the genus Muscidifurax SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BRANCHED ALCOHOLS; TSETSE-FLIES GLOSSINA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; IDENTIFICATION; PTEROMALIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DIPTERA; FLY AB Parasitic Hymenoptera can be difficult to identify by conventional taxonomic techniques. Examination of the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) provides a basis for chemotaxonomic differentiation, which may lead to the discovery of pheromones, and can be a means of examining colonies for species cross-contamination. The parasitic wasps examined were Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor, M, uniraptor, and the gregarious form of M, raptorellus. Species within the genus Muscidifurax, as well as the sex, can clearly be differentiated by examining the gas chromatograms of the CHCs. Identification of the alkanes by mass spectrometry shows uncommon dimethylalkanes and trimethylalkanes for members of the genus. The methyl branched cuticular hydrocarbons of these insects are rare compared to those found on insects reported in the literature, but are present in significant amounts on these insects. Additionally, sexual dimorphism is observed in long chain alkanes (C-21-C-39) present on male and female cuticular surfaces for these species. Females tend to have cuticular hydrocarbons with methyl branches located externally on the carbon backbone chain for dimethyl-, trimethyl-, and tetramethylalkanes, whereas males tend to have dimethyl-and trimethylalkanes located internally on the hydrocarbon backbone chains. Mass spectra of novel and rare methyl branched compounds identified on these parasitoids are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM ubernier@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 320 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(97)00288-2 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ZG151 UT WOS:000072971200009 PM 27518868 ER PT J AU Olson, EJ Epperson, WB Zeman, DH Fayer, R Hildreth, MB AF Olson, EJ Epperson, WB Zeman, DH Fayer, R Hildreth, MB TI Effects of an allicin-based product on cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bovine species; allicin; Cryptosporidium sp; diarrhea; neonatology ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; HALOFUGINONE LACTATE; GARLIC EXTRACT; EFFICACY; PARVUM; INHIBITION; GROWTH AB Objective-To evaluate effectiveness of an allicin-based product in neonatal calves inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum. Design-Randomized controlled study. Animals-43 neonatal calves. Procedure-Calves were inoculated with 1.5 X 10(6) Or 7.5 X 10(5) C parvum oocysts within 2 days alter birth. Calves were given an allicin-based product once alter inoculation or daily for 7 days after inoculation or were not treated. Calves that developed diarrhea were treated by administration of the product. Fecal consistency scores and weight gains were statistically evaluated. Results-Mean daily weight gain and severity of diarrhea in calves 4 to 21 days old were unaffected by prophylactic use of the product. However, intensive prophylactic administration may have delayed onset of C parvum-induced diarrhea in calves inoculated with the lower dose of oocysts. Clinical Implications-Administration of an allicin-based product did not alter duration of C parvum induced diarrhea or enhance weight gain in neonatal calves. However, intensive prophylactic administration of an allicin-based product may delay onset of diarrhea in calves exposed to C parvum oocysts. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Coll Agr & Biol Sci, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Coll Agr & Biol Sci, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immun & Dis Prevent Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hildreth, MB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Coll Agr & Biol Sci, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 7 BP 987 EP 990 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZF097 UT WOS:000072862300023 PM 9540869 ER PT J AU Schmugge, TJ Schmidt, GM AF Schmugge, TJ Schmidt, GM TI Surface temperature observations from AVHRR in FIFE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FIFE Symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American-Meteorological-Society CY 1996 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, FIFE ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION AB Observations of the surface radiometric temperature by the AVHRR sensor on board the NOAA-9 satellite during the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatalogy Project) Field Experiment conducted in central Kansas during 1987 are presented. The satellite observations were corrected for atmospheric effects using a path radiance model (MODTRAN3) and radiosonde measurements. Problems with this approach include the nonsimultaneity of the soundings with the overpass and errors involved in profile measurements. For the former, soundings before and after the overpass were interpolated to the time of the overpass. For the latter, some of the errors arise from the +/-0.5 degrees C uncertainty in the dry-and wet-bulb temperatures, which can produce up to a +/-14% relative uncertainty in the water vapor. To overcome this uncertainty, the water vapor profiles were adjusted until the channel 4 and 5 temperature differences over a large reservoir were reduced to zero. This adjusted profile was then used over the entire site. The results are compared to ground broadband temperature readings at 10 sites and to aircraft results from the thermal channel of the NS001 sensor on the C-130 aircraft. The AVHRR values were found to be 5 degrees to 6 degrees C warmer than the average of the ground measurements. This difference is attributed to the fact that the ground measurements were made preferentially on well-vegetated surfaces while the AVHRR integrates over the entire site, which includes many warm surfaces. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1239 EP 1246 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<1239:STOFAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZF369 UT WOS:000072890600011 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Yeargan, KV AF Cottrell, TE Yeargan, KV TI Intraguild predation between an introduced lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), and a native lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The introduction of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to the United States has led to its interaction with native coccinellid species. Harmonia axyridis adults and larvae co-occur temporally and spatially with adults and larvae of the native species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), which is the most abundant coccinellid species on sweet corn in Kentucky. We tested the capability of H. axyridis to develop on a diet of only C. maculata eggs and the propensity for either species to prey upon the other We found that H. axyridis larvae can complete development on a diet of only C. maculata eggs and that predation between H. axyridis and C. maculata larvae usually results in H. axyridis eating C. maculata. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 10 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 23 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1998 VL 71 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 187PV UT WOS:000079796400006 ER PT J AU Fuller, MP Wisniewski, M AF Fuller, MP Wisniewski, M TI The use of infrared thermal imaging in the study of ice nucleation and freezing of plants SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ice nucleation; infrared imaging; frost hardiness; exotherm; potato; Solanum tuberosum; cauliflower; Brassica oleracea var. botrytis ID CAULIFLOWER CURD; TENDER PLANTS; LEAVES; TISSUES; INJURY; WATER AB The results of using an infrared camera, Inframetrics Model 760 LW (Inframetrics, Billerica, MA, USA) and imaging system to record the ice nucleation events in two crop species, potato and cauliflower, is reported. Exotherms were easily visualised by a colour change on videotape. The influence of surface water on potato foliage was illustrated to stimulate warm temperature ice nucleation whilst the absence of surface water allowed relatively deep supercooling (to -8 degrees C). The technique enabled confirmation of the discrete freezing ability of cauliflower florets on an intact curd. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Plymouth, Seale Hayne Fac Agr Food & Land Use, Newton Abbot TQ12 6NQ, Devon, England. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Fuller, MP (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Seale Hayne Fac Agr Food & Land Use, Newton Abbot TQ12 6NQ, Devon, England. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(98)00013-8 PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 123WN UT WOS:000076148700002 ER PT J AU Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF AF Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF TI Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes and antibody against those viral genotypes in fetal bovine serum SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; CELL-LINES; BVD VIRUS; CATTLE; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; IDENTIFICATION; INSERTIONS; CULTURE AB One thousand lots of pooled fetal bovine serum (FBS) were tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and/or for contamination with neutralizing antibody against BVDV. Noncytopathic or cytopathic BVDV was isolated from 203 lots of FBS. Analysis of the viral isolates identified 115 type 1 and 65 type 2 BVDV isolates. An additional 23 virus isolates were mixtures of greater than or equal to 2 BVDV isolates and were not classified to viral genotype. Further characterization of the type 1 viruses identified 51 subgenotype la and 64 subgenotype Ib BVDV isolates. Viral neutralizing antibody was detected in 113 lots of FBS. Differential viral neutralization indicated that type 1 BVDV induced the antibody detected in 48 lots of FBS and type 2 BVDV induced the antibody detected In 16 lots of FBS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bolin, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 44 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZK116 UT WOS:000073286500003 PM 9576339 ER PT J AU Wesley, RD Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Clouser, DF Landgraf, JG Frey, ML AF Wesley, RD Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Clouser, DF Landgraf, JG Frey, ML TI Differentiation of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine strain from North American field strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ORF 5 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LELYSTAD-VIRUS; SWINE INFLUENZA; UNITED-STATES; PRRS VIRUS; PIGS; INFECTION; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; VR-2332; DISEASE AB The suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for differentiating a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine strain from other North American field strains was investigated. Open reading frame 5 nucleotide sequence data of the vaccine virus, its parent strain VR-2332, and 22 other strains of PRRSV included in this study indicated that 3 restriction enzyme gel patterns characterize the vaccine virus and the parent strain genotype. The combined 3 RFLP patterns differentiate the vaccine and parent virus from other PRRSV strains. This test will be a valuable tool in epidemiologic studies and will be useful in identifying individual strains in cases of multistrain PRRSV infections. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Diagnot Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wesley, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZK116 UT WOS:000073286500004 PM 9576340 ER PT J AU Andersen, AA Grimes, JE Shivaprasad, HL AF Andersen, AA Grimes, JE Shivaprasad, HL TI Serotyping of Chlamydia psittaci isolates from ratites SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Vet Med Diagnost Lab, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. RP Andersen, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZK116 UT WOS:000073286500014 PM 9576350 ER PT J AU Borca, MV Carrillo, C Zsak, L Laegreid, WW Kutish, GF Neilan, JG Burrage, TG Rock, DL AF Borca, MV Carrillo, C Zsak, L Laegreid, WW Kutish, GF Neilan, JG Burrage, TG Rock, DL TI Deletion of a CD2-like gene, 8-DR, from African swine fever virus affects viral infection in domestic swine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SURFACE-ANTIGENS; CD2; ADHESION; DNA; PROLIFERATION; HEMAGGLUTININ AB An African swine fever virus (ASFV) gene with similarity to the T-lymphocyte surface antigen CD2 has been found in the pathogenic African isolate Malawi Lil-20/1 (open reading frame [ORF] 8-DR) and a cell culture-adapted European virus, BA71V (ORF EP402R) and has been shown to be responsible for the hemadsorption phenomenon observed for ASFV-infected cells. The structural and functional similarities of the ASFV gene product to CD2, a cellular protein involved in cell-cell adhesion and T-cell-mediated immune responses, suggested a possible role for this gene in tissue tropism and/or immune evasion in the swine host, In this study, we constructed an ASFV 8-DR gene deletion mutant (Delta 8-DR) and its revertant (8-DR.R) from the Malawi Lil-20/1 isolate to examine gene function in vivo. In vitro, rig-DR, 8-DR.R, and the parental virus exhibited indistinguishable growth characteristics on primary porcine macrophage cell cultures. In vivo, 8-DR had no obvious effect on viral virulence in domestic pigs; disease onset, disease course, and mortality were similar for the mutant Delta 8-DR its revertant 8-DR.R and the parental virus. Altered viral infection was, however, observed for pigs infected with Delta 8-DR. A delay in spread to and/or replication of Delta 8-DR in the draining lymph node, a delay in generalization of infection, and a 100- to 1,000-fold reduction in virus titers in lymphoid tissue and bone marrow were observed. Onset of viremia for Delta 8-DR-infected animals was significantly delayed (by 2 to 5 days), and mean viremia titers were reduced approximately 10,000-fold at 5 days postinfection and 30- to 100-fold at later times; moreover, unlike in 8-DR.R-infected animals, the viremia was no longer predominantly erythrocyte associated but rather was equally distributed among erythrocyte, leukocyte, and plasma fractions. Mitogen-dependent lymphocyte proliferation of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro aas reduced by 90 to 95% following infection with 8-DR.R but remained unaltered following infection with Delta 8-DR, suggesting that 8-DR has immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Together, these results suggest an immunosuppressive role far 8-DR in the swine host which facilitates early events in viral infection. This may be of most significance for ASFV infection of its highly adapted natural host, the warthog. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 66 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2881 EP 2889 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZC506 UT WOS:000072586900036 PM 9525608 ER PT J AU Smith, EJ Brojatsch, J Naughton, J Young, JAT AF Smith, EJ Brojatsch, J Naughton, J Young, JAT TI The CAR1 gene encoding a cellular receptor specific for subgroup B and D avian leukosis viruses maps to the chicken tvb locus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Host susceptibility to subgroup B, D, and E avian leukosis viruses (ALV) is determined by specific alleles of the chicken tvb locus. Recently, a chicken gene that encodes a cellular receptor, designated CAR1, specific for subgroups B and D ALV was cloned, and it was proposed that this gene was the s3 allele of tvb (J. Brojatsch, J. Naughton, M. M. Rolls, K. Zingler, and J. A. T. Young, Cell 87:845-855, 1996). We now report that in a backcross derived from an F-1 (Jungle Fowl X White Leghorn [WL]) male mated with inbred WL females, the cloned ALV receptor gene cosegregated with two markers linked to tvb. The two markers used were a tvb(sl)-specific antigen recognized by the chicken R2 alloantiserum and restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with the expressed sequence tag com152e. With all three markers, no crossovers were observed among 52 backcross progeny tested and LOD linkage scores of 15.7 were obtained. These data demonstrate that CAR1 is the subgroup B and D ALV susceptibility gene located at tvb(s3). C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. OI brojatsch, jurgen/0000-0002-7424-365X FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA070810, CA 70810] NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 72 IS 4 BP 3501 EP 3503 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZC506 UT WOS:000072586900120 PM 9525691 ER PT J AU Purvis Jr Peterson, MJ Dronen, NO Lichtenfels Jr Silvy, NJ AF Purvis, JR Peterson, MJ Dronen, NO Lichtenfels, JR Silvy, NJ TI Northern bobwhites as disease indicators for the endangered Attwater's prairie chicken SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Attwater's prairie chicken; Colinus virginianus; infectious disease; northern bobwhite; parasite; serologic survey; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri ID RED GROUSE; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS; PARASITES; FLORIDA; QUAIL AB Because of limited access to the endangered Attwater's prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), we used a related species, the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), as a surrogate for disease evaluation. Free-living northern bobwhites (n = 62) on the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge (near Eagle Lake, Texas, USA) were examined during spring and fall 1993 for helminthic endoparasites and specific antibodies against the infectious agents responsible for nine infectious diseases. Trichostrongylus cramae, Raillietina sp., and Strongyloides avium were collected from 97, 44, and 32% of northern bobwhites examined, respectively. Dispharynx nasuta and Syngamus trachea also were found. No gross lesions due to parasites were observed. Specific antibody to Pasteurella multocida was found in 3 of 53 plasma samples. It is possible that potentially pathogenic species such as P. multocida, T. cramae, and D. nasuta could threaten sympatric Attwater's prairie chickens. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Peterson, MJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM markus.peterson@tpwd.state.tx.us RI Peterson, Markus/C-3303-2008 OI Peterson, Markus/0000-0001-6145-0134 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 2 BP 348 EP 354 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZJ559 UT WOS:000073228900016 PM 9577783 ER PT J AU Aigner, PA Block, WM Morrison, ML AF Aigner, PA Block, WM Morrison, ML TI Effect of firewood harvesting on birds in a California oak-pine woodland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE birds; brush piles; California; firewood harvesting; forest management; oak woodlands ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT AB Despite a history of oak clearing and thinning in California, little is known about the effects of firewood harvesting on wildlife in oak woodlands. We studied the effect of firewood harvesting on population trends of birds during the breeding season in an oak-pine woodland in the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, California. During fall-winter of 1993-94, total tree basal area on 30 3.1-ha study plots was reduced by approximately 23% aa removal of commercial-grade oaks, but all old-growth trees and trees with obvious nest cavities or woodpecker granaries were preserved. An additional 30 plots represented controls. We used point counts to derive a population index of birds 1 breeding season before and 2 breeding seasons after harvesting. We detected population shifts in 14 species (7 year-round residents, 4 breeding migrants, 1 migrant, 2 winter residents), of which 10 showed consistent population increases, 2 show ed consistent population decreases, and 2 showed varying population changes in the 2 seasons after harvesting. Sh of the species that increased on harvested plots appeared to respond to the presence of brush piles. Responses of other species were less clearly linked to a particular aspect of vegetation change. Although we found a negative effect of harvesting on only 2 species, the Pacific-slope flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) and Hutton's vireo (Vireo huttoni), statistical power to detect anything less than total extirpation of many uncommon species was <0.8. Our results indicate that small-scale firewood harvests that reduce basal area by <25% and preserve nest cavities and granary trees have minimal negative short-term effects on most of the more common bird species present during the breeding season, but we caution that effects on uncommon species may have gone undetected. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential importance of site fidelity brush-pile decay and vegetation recovery in affecting species' responses over the long term. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Aigner, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bblock/rmrs_flagstaff@fs.sed.us NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 485 EP 496 DI 10.2307/3802322 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200005 ER PT J AU Cummings, JL Clark, L Pochop, PA Davis, JE AF Cummings, JL Clark, L Pochop, PA Davis, JE TI Laboratory evaluation of a methyl anthranilate bead formulation on mallard feeding behavior SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; avoidance; feeding behavior; food flavor; mallard; methyl anthranilate; remediation; white phosphorus AB We applied methyl anthranilate (MA) bead formulation coded JR930413 to bottom sediment in a simulated pond setting to evaluate its repellency to captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We applied JR930413 at a rate of 21.7 kg/ha or 7 bead/cm(2) to bottom sediment. Methyl anthranialte bead formulation JR930413 was effective in reducing time mallards spent in pools (P less than or equal to 0.01). Application of JR930413 to contaminated waterfowl feeding areas at 21.7 kg/ha could reduce feeding and mortality and warrants further testing in the field. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Cummings, JL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Hlth Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.2307/3802332 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200015 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, LF Pearson, DE Henry, SE AF Ruggiero, LF Pearson, DE Henry, SE TI Characteristics of American marten den sites in Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE den sites; habitat selection; marten; Martes americana; maternal; natal; Wyoming ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; PREFERENCES; SELECTION AB We examined characteristics of den structures and den sites used by female American marten (Martes americana) for natal and maternal dens in the Sierra Madre Range, Wyoming. During 1988-95, we located 18 natal dens (parturition sites) and 97 maternal dens (sites where kits were present exclusive of parturition) used by 10 female marten. Important den structures included rock crevices (28%), snags (25%), red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) middens (19%), and logs (16%). Resource selection function (RSF) analysis showed that an individual selection model provided a significantly better fit than a null model or pooled selection model, indicating that the sample of marten selected maternal den sites that differed from random sites, and that individual animals did not select maternal den sites in the same manner. Six marten individually exhibited significant selection for maternal den sites within home ranges. Overall selection coefficients for maternal dens indicated the number of squirrel middens was the most important variable, follow ed by number of snags 20-40 cm diameter at breast height (dbh), number of snags greater than or equal to 41 cm dbh, and number of hard logs greater than or equal to 41 cm in diameter. Selection of natal den sites was also significant via comparison between selection and no-selection models, with number of middens, number of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii! and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) >20 cm dbh, and number of hard logs greater than or equal to 41 cm in diameter the most important variables in descending order of importance. Large logs, large snags, and large, live spruce and fir trees are important characteristics for marten den sites in the central Rocky Mountains. The prominence of middens at den sites suggests red squirrels provide important denning structures as well as prey for marten. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Ruggiero, LF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 663 EP 673 DI 10.2307/3802342 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200025 ER PT J AU Conner, MM Jaeger, MM Weller, TJ McCullough, DR AF Conner, MM Jaeger, MM Weller, TJ McCullough, DR TI Effect of coyote removal on sheep depredation in Northern California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California; Canis latrans; coyote removal; depredation; domestic sheep; Ovis aries ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS AB We used 13 years of historical data to investigate effects of coyote (Canis latrans) removal on depredation of domestic sheep. The 2,168-ha study area maintained >1,000 breeding ewes that produced lambs yearly. Records from 1981 through 1994, which included numbers of sheep, numbers of sheep known killed by coyotes, known numbers of coyotes removed, and annual numbers of trapper hours were summarized and analyzed on a yearly, seasonal, and monthly basis. We used regression analysis and found that annual, seasonal, or monthly depredation losses were not correlated with number of coyotes removed. Both annual number of lambs killed and number of coyotes removed were positively correlated with number of trapper hours. We used a cross-correlation analysis to detect any relation between coyote removal and subsequent depredation losses at all monthly intervals from 0 to 24 months. We found a trend of low negative correlation between depredation losses and number of coyotes removed for lags of 2-12 months, suggesting some reduction of sheep killing due to control efforts. Low correlations within years may be due to inconsistent removal of depredating coyotes while removing primarily young, nondepredating coyotes. Lack of correlation between years may have occurred because past control efforts have not had a lasting reduction on coyote density due to immigration, the compensatory nature of control efforts on coyote mortality, reproductive compensation in the resident coyote population, or all 3 factors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Wildlife Serv, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hopland Res & Extens Ctr, Hopland, CA 95449 USA. RP Conner, MM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 690 EP 699 DI 10.2307/3802345 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200028 ER PT J AU Neale, JCC Sacks, BN Jaeger, MM McCullough, DR AF Neale, JCC Sacks, BN Jaeger, MM McCullough, DR TI A comparison of bobcat and coyote predation on lambs in north-coastal California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bobcat; California; Canis latrans; coyote; lamb; Lynx rufus; predation; sheep ID RANGE AB We investigated predation on lambs by bobcats (Lynx rufus) relative to coyotes (Canis latrans) from Tune 1994 through November 1995 at Hopland Research and Extension Center (HREC) in north-coastal California, where both predators occur at equally high densities. Lamb losses during this study were typical for HREC and surrounding ranches and included 64 (5.3% of lambs pastured) confirmed predator kills and 134 (11.1%) missing individuals. Fifty-seven of the predator-killed lambs were attributed to coyotes, whereas none were assigned to bobcats. The proportion of bobcat seats containing sheep remains was small (4.2%), and occurrence did not peak in the lambing season. suggesting that sheep consumed by bobcats were scavenged. Sheep were common in coyote scats (21.4%) and occurred most frequently in seats from the winter-spring lambing season. Coyotes were responsible for all lamb kills in intensively monitored pastures for which predator species could be identified. Use of space by radiocollared bobcats was not noticeably influenced by the presence of lambs. We concluded that bobcats were not important predators of lambs at HREC and not the cause for the relatively large numbers of lambs missing and unaccounted for each year. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neale, JCC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.2307/3802346 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200029 ER PT J AU McClean, SA Rumble, MA King, RM Baker, WL AF McClean, SA Rumble, MA King, RM Baker, WL TI Evaluation of resource selection methods with different definitions of availability SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE availability; Merriam's turkeys; poults; resource selection analysis ID MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO MERRIAMI; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; HABITAT SELECTION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; PREFERENCE AB Because resource selection is of paramount importance to ecology and management of any species, we compared 6 statistical methods of analyzing resource selection data, given the known biological requirements of radiomarked Merriam's wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo; merriami) hens with poults in the Black Hills of South Dakota. A single variable, habitat, was used for the comparisons. Hen turkeys with poults are ideal for these comparisons because poults have narrow dietary protein requirements, and habitats that meet these requirements are well documented. We also tested the effects on the statistical methods of varying the habitats considered as available. Availability of habitats was defined by 100-, 200-, and 400-m-radii buffers around individual poult locations and also as the total study area. The 6 statistical techniques gave different results because of how the methods addressed variability in habitat use of individual birds and how availability was defined. These differences made identification of a "best" technique difficult. Only 1 method (Neu's) identified habitat selection patterns consistent with known requirements of poults at all levels of habitat availability.: However defining availability at the study-area level was generally superior to use of circular buffers. We recommend that during analyses of resource selection researchers include the study-area level of habitat availability based on the distribution of radiomarked animals. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog & Recreat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP McClean, SA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog & Recreat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008 NR 37 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.2307/3802356 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA ZJ057 UT WOS:000073175200039 ER PT J AU Abbaspour, KC Schulin, R van Genuchten, MT Schlappi, E AF Abbaspour, KC Schulin, R van Genuchten, MT Schlappi, E TI An alternative to cokriging for situations with small sample sizes SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cokriging; small sample size; pedotransfer functions; geostatistics; parameter uncertainty; measurement error ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; INFORMATION AB Lack of large datasets in soil protection studies and environmental engineering applications may deprive these fields of achieving accurate spatial estimates as derived with geostatistical techniques. A new estimation procedure, with the acronym Co_Est, is presented for situations involving primary and secondary datasets of sizes generally considered too small for geostatistical applications. For these situations, we suggest the transformation of the secondary dataset into the primary one using pedotransfer functions. The transformation will generate a larger set of the primary data which subsequently can be used in geostatistical analyses. The Co_Est procedure has provisions for handling measurement errors in the primary data, estimation errors in the converted secondary data, and uncertainty in the geostatistical parameters. Two different examples were used to demonstrate the applicability of Co_Est. The first example involves estimation of hydraulic conductivity random fields using 42 measured data and 258 values estimated from borehole profile descriptions. The second example consists of estimating chromium concentrations Scorn 50 measured chromium data and 150 values estimated from a relationship between chromium and copper concentrations. The examples indicate that in situations where the size of the primary data is small, Co Est can produce estimates which are comparable to cokriging estimates. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Soil Protect, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Colombi Schmutz Dorthe AG, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland. RP Abbaspour, KC (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Soil Protect, Grabenstr 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 3 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1021724830427 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA ZF761 UT WOS:000072930400002 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO TI Density-independent functions for on-line microwave moisture meters: a general discussion SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE; GRAINS; WHEAT AB Density-independent calibration functions are a suitable solution for problems involving variation of bulk density in on-line determination of the moisture content in particulate materials by microwave techniques. Foundations of three of these functions are briefly reviewed and their frequency and temperature dependences are shown for wheat. Their effectivenesses for prediction of the moisture content are compared and optimum conditions for a cost-effective moisture meter are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/9/4/003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ170 UT WOS:000073186500003 ER PT J AU Scrofano, MM Shang, F Nowell, TR Gong, X Smith, DE Kelliher, M Dunning, J Mura, CV Taylor, A AF Scrofano, MM Shang, F Nowell, TR Gong, X Smith, DE Kelliher, M Dunning, J Mura, CV Taylor, A TI Aging, calorie restriction and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in the livers of Emory mice SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorie restriction; aging; ubiquitin; liver; ATP-dependent ID LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDIZED ALPHA-CRYSTALLINS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FOOD RESTRICTION; RAT-LIVER; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; CATARACT FORMATION; ACTIVATING ENZYME AB Calorie restriction (R), the only known method to delay the aging process and extend mean and maximal lifespan, has been shown to delay the age-related decline in protein degradation. There are several proteolytic pathways. The ubiquitin-and ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway (UPP) is frequently associated with degradation of damaged abnormal and/or regulatory proteins. We examined the effect of aging and R on supernatants of livers taken from young (4.5 months) and old (23 months) Emery mice. Aging was associated with increased levels of endogenous ubiquitin conjugates, enhanced ability to form high molecular weight conjugates and ubiquitin activating (E1) and ubiquitin conjugating (E2) activity in the control (C) liver supernatants. The age-related increase in levels of endogenous ubiquitin conjugates in liver appears to be primarily due to increased E1 and E2 activities. R prevented the age-related increase in E1 and E2 activity, and thus prevented the age-related increase in levels of ubiquitin conjugates. In spite of the age-related increase in ubiquitin conjugates, no age-related changes in ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway were observed in the C animals. R was associated with an enhanced ability (130%) to degrade beta-lactoglobulin by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in livers from 4.5-month-old animals relative to age-matched C livers. However, rates of the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of beta-lactoglobulin in the 23-month-old C and R animals were indistinguishable. There were no age-or diet-related differences in the ability to degrade another substrate, oxidized ribonuclease (RNase). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Estudios Cient Santiago, Santiago 9, Chile. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566]; NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 98 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD APR 1 PY 1998 VL 101 IS 3 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(97)00178-4 PG 20 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZM092 UT WOS:000073503900009 PM 9622231 ER PT J AU Striffler, JS Polansky, MM Anderson, RA AF Striffler, JS Polansky, MM Anderson, RA TI Dietary chromium decreases insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat, mineral-imbalanced diet SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; TRIVALENT CHROMIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CELL-FUNCTION; BETA-CELL; SUCROSE; COPPER; CARBOHYDRATE; DEFICIENCY AB The effects of chromium (Cr) supplementation on diet-induced insulin resistance produced by feeding a high-fat, low-Cr diet were studied in rats to ascertain the role of Cr in insulin resistance, Wistar male rats were maintained for 16 weeks after weaning on a basal diet containing 40% lard, 30% sucrose, and 25% casein by weight and adequate vitamins and minerals without added Cr (-Cr). Fasting levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides and the responses during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were compared as indices of insulin resistance and the effectiveness of dietary Cr, IVGTTs and blood sampling for data analyses were performed over a 40-minute period after IV glucose injection (1.25 g/kg body weight) in overnight-fasted animals under pentobarbital anesthesia (40 mg/kg body weight), All animals were normoglycemic (-Cr, 109 +/- 3 mg/dL; +Cr, 119 +/- 5), with fasting insulin levels elevated in the -Cr group (65 +/- 10 mu U/mL) versus the +Cr group (31 +/- 4 mu U/mL). Increases in plasma triglycerides in the -Cr group were not significant. Following glucose injection, the rate of glucose clearance was lower in the -Cr group (1.74 +/- 0.22 v 2.39 +/- 0.11%/min), and 40-minute glucose areas in the -Cr group tended to be higher than in the +Cr group, The insulin response to glucose injection was 20% higher in the -Cr group. Forty-minute plasma triglyceride areas were lower in +Cr rats (875 +/- 62 v 1,143 +/- 97 mg/dL min in -Cr rats), These data demonstrate that the insulin resistance induced by feeding a high-fat, nutrient-stressed diet is improved by Cr. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NRFL, Bldg 307, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD APR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 4 BP 396 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90049-X PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZF774 UT WOS:000072931900006 PM 9550535 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B AF Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B TI A simplified sample preparation method from various foods for PCR detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica: a possible model for other food pathogens SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE detection; polymerase chain reaction; Yersinia enterocolitica; plasmid; virulence; food ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS AB A simplified method for the direct application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect plasmid-bearing virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) in a variety of foods. Strains of YEP+ representing five serotypes were detected in enriched swab samples of artificially contaminated pork chops, ground pork, cheese and zucchini using multiplex PCR analysis. The method was also effective for identifying YEP+ strains in naturally contaminated porcine tongues. The use of swabs eliminated time-consuming extraction of DNA from food, inhibition of PCR by food-derived DNA, interference by background flora and reduced the time needed for processing samples. The detection of other food pathogens should be feasible by this technique. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1998.0155 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA ZT067 UT WOS:000074044900003 PM 9633042 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR AF Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR TI Differentiation of types 1a, 1b and 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) by PCR SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE pestivirus; genotype; bovine viral diarrhoea virus; polymerase chain reaction; subgenotype; diagnostic ID 5' NONCODING REGION; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PESTIVIRUS; RNA; STRAINS; GENOME AB There are two genotypes among bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV), BVDV1 and BVDV2. Within the BVDV1 genotype there are two distinct subgenotypes, BVDV1a and BVDV1b. Serology and monoclonal antibody binding are used to differentiate BVDV from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV), the other members of the Pestivirus genus. These techniques are less useful in the differentiation and segregation of viruses within the BVDV species. In this study, differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification has been evaluated as a tool for segregating BVDV isolates into genotypes and subgenotypes. Polymerase chain reaction primers were selected based on the comparison of 5' untranslated region sequences from CSVF, BDV, BVDV1a, BVDV1b and BVDV2. Differential PCR tests were validated using 345 viruses isolated from cattle and small ruminants that had previously been segregated into genotypes and subgenotypes. There was 100% correlation between segregation by differential PCR and the previous segregation of these viral isolates. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 19 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1998.0158 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA ZT067 UT WOS:000074044900006 PM 9633045 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE Rykard, DM Bacon, CW Hanlin, RT AF Glenn, AE Rykard, DM Bacon, CW Hanlin, RT TI Molecular characterization of Myriogenospora atramentosa and its occurrence on some new hosts SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BALANSIA-EPICHLOE; GRASSES; RESISTANCE; DNA; POLYMERASE; SUGARCANE; RELATIVES; TOXICITY; LIMITS; FUNGUS AB Myriogenospora atramentosa produces partial to complete sterility of host grasses. Geographical and host species distributions were assessed and updated. It is reported only from the New World and appears to be limited to the highly evolved grass tribes Andropogoneae and Paniceae. Included in these tribes are the previously unreported host species Panicum scoparium, Paspalum urvillei, Erianthus brevibarbis, E. contortus, E. giganteus, and hybrids from crosses with Erianthus spp. Additionally, M. atramentosa is reported for the first time growing on Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass), and Panicum hemitomon in South Carolina, U.S.A. Sequence data (ITS regions 1 and 2 and 5.8S rDNA) from several isolates indicated that there is a significant level of DNA sequence differentiation between isolates of M. atramentosa, which suggests that there are at least two distinct sequence groups, or cryptic species, within the currently defined morphological species. C1 ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxins Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Coker Coll, Dept Biol, Hartsville, SC 29550 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxins Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 102 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1017/S0953756297005236 PN 4 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA ZE040 UT WOS:000072751300016 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, L Bronson, R Williams, BO Dyson, NJ Harlow, E Jacks, T AF Yamasaki, L Bronson, R Williams, BO Dyson, NJ Harlow, E Jacks, T TI Loss of E2F-1 reduces tumorigenesis and extends the lifespan of Rb1(+/-) mice SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID S-PHASE ENTRY; FIBROBLASTS LEADS; CHIMERIC MICE; APOPTOSIS; GENE; RB; EXPRESSION; MOUSE; OVEREXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Mutation of the retinoblastoma tumour-suppressor gene (RB) leads to the deregulation of many proteins and transcription factors that interact with the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB), including members of the E2F transcription factor family(1,2). As pRB is known to repress E2F transcriptional activity and overexpression of E2F is sufficient for cell cycle progression, it is thought that pRB suppresses growth in part by repressing E2F-mediated transcription(3). Previously, we reported that loss of E2f1 in mice results in tissue-specific tumour induction and tissue atrophy(4), demonstrating that E2F-1 normally controls growth both positively and negatively in a tissue-specific fashion(4,5). To determine whether E2F-1 deregulation-as a result of loss of pRB-promotes proliferation in vivo, we have tested whether loss of E2f1 interferes with the pituitary and thyroid tumorigenesis that occurs in Rb1(+/-) mice(6-9). We have found that loss of E2f1 reduces the frequency of pituitary and thyroid tumours, and greatly lengthens the lifespan of Rb1(+/-); E2f1(-/-) animals, demonstrating that E2F-1 is an important downstream target of pRB during tumorigenesis. Furthermore. loss of E2f1 reduces a previously reported strain-dependent difference in Rb1(+/-) lifespan(9,10), suggesting that E2f1 or an E2F-1-regulated gene acts as a genetic modifier between the 129/Sv and C57BL/6 strains. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, USDA,Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Dept Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yamasaki, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1102 Fairchild Bldg,1212 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Williams, Bart/A-3539-2013 OI Williams, Bart/0000-0002-5261-5301 NR 28 TC 223 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD APR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1038/ng0498-360 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ZE078 UT WOS:000072755500019 PM 9537419 ER PT J AU Barbo, DN Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Miller-Goodman, MS Stolte, K AF Barbo, DN Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Miller-Goodman, MS Stolte, K TI Diversity of an early successional plant community as influenced by ozone SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ozone; native plants; ecology; plant community; ecosystem structure ID GRASSLAND; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; EXPOSURE; PASTURE; AIR AB An early successional plant community was exposed to various ozone concentrations for two growing seasons (1994-1995) in open-top chambers in Auburn, Alabama, USA. The ozone treatments were: AA, ambient air (open plots); CF, carbon-filtered air (c. 0.5 x ambient air), 1 x, non-filtered air, and 2 x, twice ambient air. Vegetative canopy cover exhibited a pattern of accumulation in the spring, with maximum canopy cover attained in summer, then senescence of foliage in the autumn 1994. This pattern was not observed in 1995 as a result of a drought during the spring and summer. Varying ozone exposures caused shifts in the competitive interactions between plants, thereby altering community structure. Higher canopy cover, vertical canopy density (layers of foliage), species richness, diversity, and evenness existed in the CF treatments than in the other treatments. In addition, winged sumac (Rhus copallina L.) became a major component of the CF treatments only during 1995. Surprisingly, blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius Pursh.), a species considered ozone-sensitive, based on visible injury, dominated canopy cover within the 2 x treatments, 41 and 33% of total canopy cover in 1994 and 1995, respectively. From these results it is concluded that plant communities existing in areas where lower ozone concentrations are prevalent might be more complex and diverse than those existing in areas with higher ozone concentrations. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM chappe@forestry.auburn.edu NR 43 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 138 IS 4 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00138.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZP337 UT WOS:000073742200009 ER PT J AU Bureau, I Lewis, CG Fields, M AF Bureau, I Lewis, CG Fields, M TI Effect of hepatic iron on hypercholesterolemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia in copper-deficient fructose-fed rats SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper; iron; cholesterol; triacylglycerols ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; RISK; MEN; PATHOLOGY; PLASMA; LIVER AB The purpose of this investigation was to establish whether plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol(s) in copper deficiency can be increased or decreased by hepatic iron levels. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six dietary groups based on levels of dietary copper and iron. They were fed from weaning their respective diets for 6 wk. Forty percent of the copper-deficient rats fed a 15.7 mu mol Fe/g diet died; 22% of those fed a diet containing 8.6 mu mol Fe/g died; and there were no deaths in the 3.4 mu mol Fe/g diet group. Rats belonging to the group fed the high-iron diet also exhibited the highest levels of liver iron, liver glutathione, and plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol(s) compared with those fed either the adequate or low levels of dietary iron. There was a direct correlation (r = 0.82 and 0.77, respectively) between levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol(s) in plasma and hepatic iron concentrations. These results provide strong evidence that points to a major involvement of iron in the lipemia of copper deficiency. These data may be important to those individuals who consume large quantities of fortified iron foods and supplement with iron but whose intake of copper is suboptimal. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Universite Joseph Fourier, La Tronche, France. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Bldg 307,Room 330, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00490-5 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZL589 UT WOS:000073449500006 PM 9591309 ER PT J AU Berlin, E Kim, CS McClure, D Banks, MA Peters, RC AF Berlin, E Kim, CS McClure, D Banks, MA Peters, RC TI Brain and heart membrane fatty acid composition in miniature swine fed diets containing corn and menhaden oils SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Congress of Nutrition CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA DE n-3 fatty acids; synaptosomes; n-6 fatty acids; membrane fluidity; fish oil; docosahexaenoate ID VITAMIN-E; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; FISH-OIL; N-3; LIVER; FLUIDITY; PLASMA; CELLS; RATS; LIPIDS AB Thirty-six female minipigs, from 4.7-10.6 years old, were fed corn oil (CO) and/or menhaden oil (MO) in diets containing 0, 0.75, or 15% MO and sufficient CO to provide 15% total oil for 6 months. Half the animals were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding them a 13% lard, 2% cholesterol diet for 2 months prior to the experimental feeding period. Samples were taken from the same location in each animal from forebrain, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, and heart to isolate brain synaptosomes and heart plasma membranes. Pretreatment of the minipigs with cholesterol had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the fractions isolated and their membrane fluidity. Despite MO feeding, the long chain n-3 fatty acids were low in the heart plasma membranes compared to heart tissue homogenates from the same animals. Minipigs fed 15% MO showed significant increases in synaptosomal eicosapentaenoate (EPA) and docosapentaenoate (DPA). Docosahexaenoate (DHA) was incorporated into synaptosomes in animals fed 0.75% MO, at concentrations significantly higher than in the CO-fed pigs. Rigs fed 15% MO showed significantly lower brain DHA than those fed CO. The synaptosomal data for the pigs fed the various diets suggest that metabolic synthesis from linolenate, 18:3(n-3), may be a more important source bf brain DHA than diet, but that dietary n-6/n-3 ratios and levels of 18:3(n-3), EPA, DPA and DHA may require careful attention. The fatty acid changes did not affect fluidity determined by fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene or its polar derivatives. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Metab & Nutr Interact Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Div Toxicol Res, US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Peters, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Metab & Nutr Interact Lab, Bldg 307,Rm 323,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 751 EP 765 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00061-X PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZH278 UT WOS:000073091200018 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Velez, V Dalling, JW AF Tyree, MT Velez, V Dalling, JW TI Growth dynamics of root and shoot hydraulic conductance in seedlings of five neotropical tree species: scaling to show possible adaptation to differing light regimes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; root; shoot; growth dynamics; neotropical tree seedlings ID HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWMETER; 2 DESERT SUCCULENTS; ACER-SACCHARUM; WATER RELATIONS; ARCHITECTURE; RESISTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; FOREST; PANAMA AB The dynamics of growth (shoot and root dry weights, surface areas, hydraulic conductances, and root length) were measured in seedlings of five neotropical tree species aged 4-16 months. The species studied included two light-demanding pioneers (Miconia argentea and Apeiba membranacea) and three shade-tolerant young-or old-forest species (Pouteria reticulata, Gustavia superba, and Trichilia tuberculata). Growth analysis revealed that shoot and root dry weights and hydraulic conductances and leaf area all increased exponentially with time. Alternative methods of scaling measured parameters to reveal differences that might explain adaptations to microsites are discussed. Scaling root conductance to root surface area or root length revealed a few species differences but nothing that correlated with adaptation to light regimes. Scaling of root surface area or root length to root dry weight revealed that pioneers produced significantly more root area and length per gram dry weight investment than shade-tolerant species. Scaling of root and shoot hydraulic conductances to leaf area and scaling of root conductance to root;dry weight and shoot conductance to shoot dry weight also revealed that pioneers were significantly more conductive to water than shade-tolerant species. The advantages of scaling hydraulic parameters to leaf surface area are discussed in terms of the Ohm's law analogue of water flow in plants. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, S Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, POB 968, S Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 24 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 1998 VL 114 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s004420050450 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZL119 UT WOS:000073400700001 PM 28307771 ER PT J AU Kapel, CMO Webster, P Lind, P Pozio, E Henriksen, SA Murrell, KD Nansen, P AF Kapel, CMO Webster, P Lind, P Pozio, E Henriksen, SA Murrell, KD Nansen, P TI Trichinella spiralis, T-britovi, and T-nativa: infectivity, larval distribution in muscle, and antibody response after experimental infection of pigs SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREDILECTION SITES; GENUS TRICHINELLA; SWINE; PROTEINS; ECOLOGY; EUROPE; FOXES AB The infectivity of Trichinella spiralis, T. nativa, and T. britovi was experimentally compared in pigs. Blood sampling was performed weekly, and muscle juices were obtained at slaughter 10 weeks after inoculation. Muscle larvae were found in all of four pigs inoculated with T. spiralis [mean 190 larvae per gram (lpg)] and in three of four pigs inoculated with T. britovi (mean 7 lpg). No larvae were found in pigs inoculated with T. nativa. For T. spiralis and T. britovi, the neck muscle (m. splenius) appears to be a predilection site in addition to the tongue, the diaphram, and the jaw. High antibody responses were found in all experimental groups, independent of the antigen used, and even in pigs in which no muscle larvae were recovered. The strong and consistent antibody response found with meat juice indicates the usefulness of this material where a blood sample is not obtainable, e.g. meat samples from wild animals. Immunoblotting (Western blots) on slaughter sera revealed no species specificity when comparing homologous versus heterologous staining. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Danish Vet Lab, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Trichinella Reference Ctr, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Kapel, CMO (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Kapel, Christian/G-9168-2014 OI Kapel, Christian/0000-0002-9539-457X NR 29 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 264 EP 271 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZJ110 UT WOS:000073180500003 PM 9569089 ER PT J AU Cohen, WB Fiorella, M Gray, J Helmer, E Anderson, K AF Cohen, WB Fiorella, M Gray, J Helmer, E Anderson, K TI An efficient and accurate method for mapping forest clearcuts in the Pacific Northwest using Landsat imagery SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Two variations of image differencing were compared. The first was based on unsupervised classification, repeated five times, using five sequential date-pairs of difference images between 1972 and 1993. Referred to as merged image differencing, this method required merging the results from five separate time intervals into a single map of forest harvest activity. The other method involved a single unsupervised classification of the full sequential difference image data set, and was referred to as simultaneous image differencing. A thorough harvest map error assessment using an independent reference database was compared to two methods of assessment based on visual interpretation of the Landsat data used to develop the difference images. Results indicate that harvest activity was mapped using merged image differencing with greater than 90 percent accuracy, and that visual methods of error assessment using the Landsat images gave nearly identical results with those of the independent reference data. Simultaneous image differencing resulted in a map that was consistent with merged image differencing and more considerably more cost-effective to implement. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 4 BP 293 EP 300 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZH362 UT WOS:000073100900009 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Turley, RB AF Pettigrew, WT Turley, RB TI Variation in photosynthetic components among photosynthetically diverse cotton genotypes SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; Gossypium hirsutum; Rubisco ID LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT PRODUCTIVITY; HUMIDITY; CATALASE; LEAVES AB Photosynthesis is an important component of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield, but little has been done to increase the photosynthetic performance within the cotton germplasm pool. Part of this dilemma is due to the multi-component aspect of this process and also to lack of information on genetic variation among such components. The objectives of this research were to identify genetic variability in photosynthetic components for six cotton genotypes previously shown to differ in leaf CO2-exchange rates (CER) and to determine if an afternoon decline in photosynthesis altered genotypic differences in CER. CO2-exchange rates were measured at several internal CO2 levels (C-i) to generate CER vs. C-i curves for each genotype and thereby isolate some of the components of photosynthesis. Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), hydroxypyruvate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, and catalase activities were assayed on leaves used to generate the CER vs. C-i curves. Ambient CER and chlolophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements were taken before and after solar noon to test for an afternoon decline in photosynthesis. Dixie King, a low ambient CER genotype, exhibited a greater CO2 compensation point, lower carboxylation efficiency, and reduced Photosystem II (PS II) activity than the other genotypes. The carboxylation efficiency of DES 119 was 13% greater than STV 508 and 29% greater than Dixie King, but not different from the other genotypes in 1994. Pee Dee 3 had greater maximum assimilation rate (A) than all other genotypes except STV 213 in 1993, Although no significant genotype by time of day interaction was detected, CER and Chl fluorescence variable to maximum ratio (Fv/Fm) were reduced 8% and 39%, respectively, in the afternoon as compared to the morning, This study demonstrates genetic variations in many of the components of photosynthesis. However, the narrow range of variation in such components for superior photosynthesizing genotypes explains why difficulties are encountered when breeding for increased photosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 56 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1005902028459 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 105MH UT WOS:000075077000002 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Duke, SO Merrill, AJ Wang, E Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Duke, SO Merrill, AJ Wang, E Shier, WT TI Phytotoxicity of australifungin, AAL-toxins and fumonisin B-1 to Lemna pausicostata SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lemna pausicostata; Lemnaceae; duckweed; phytoxicity; phytotoxins; australifungin; australifunginol; AAL-toxin; fumonisins; sphingolipids ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURES; HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; TOMATO; ACCUMULATION; JIMSONWEED; CROP AB AAL-toxins and fumonisin B-1 are phytotoxic to susceptible plants by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase. Australifungin, which is structurally unrelated to these toxins, inhibits the same enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway of animals. In duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) cultures, 5 mu M australifungin caused accumulation of the sphingolipid precursors, phytospingosine and sphinganine, although less so than AAL-toxin T-A or FB1 at 1 mu M. Phytosphingosine and sphinganine began to accumulate after 12 h, followed by increased electrolyte leakage at 24 h. Electrolyte leakage with 5 mu M australifungin was somewhat less than 1 mu M fumonisin B-1 or AAL-toxin T-A. Morphological effects were not identical; fumonisin B-1 and AAL-toxin T-A mainly caused bleaching, while australifungin caused clumping of duckweed fronds. Our study shows that australifungin inhibits sphingolipid synthesis in plants, but is about eight times less potent than AAL-toxin T-A or fumonisin B1. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Res Ctr, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1509 EP 1514 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00781-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA ZP360 UT WOS:000073744500010 ER PT J AU Santamour, FS AF Santamour, FS TI Amygdalin in Prunus leaves SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Prunus; subg. Padus; subg. Laurocerasus; Rosaceae; cyanogenic glycosides; amygdalin; prunasin; inheritance AB The cyanogenic diglucoside amygdalin was found for the first time in the leaves of mature trees of several Prunus taxa: P. serotina and P. virginiana cv. Schubert of subg. Padus and P. ilicifolia and P. lyonii of subg. Laurocerasus. Leaves of other taxa in both subgenera contained only the monoglucoside prunasin. Amygdalin production was inherited in hybrids between P. padus cv. Grandiflorus and P. virginiana cv. Schubert. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Santamour, FS (reprint author), ARS, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1537 EP 1538 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00787-5 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA ZP360 UT WOS:000073744500016 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Lax, AR Guo, BZ Cleveland, TE Russin, JS AF Chen, ZY Brown, RL Lax, AR Guo, BZ Cleveland, TE Russin, JS TI Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in corn kernels is associated with a 14-kDa protein SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal protein ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ACTIVATED HAGEMAN-FACTOR; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; MAIZE INHIBITOR; SEEDS; WHEAT; PURIFICATION; INFECTION; EAR AB Corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus were extracted for protein analysis using a pH 2.8 buffer. The profile of protein extracts revealed that a 14-kDa protein is present in relatively high concentration in kernels of seven resistant corn genotypes, but is absent or present only in low concentration in kernels of six susceptible ones. The N-terminal sequence of this 14-kDa protein showed 100% homology to a corn trypsin inhibitor. The 14-kDa protein purified from resistant varieties also demonstrated in vitro inhibition of both trypsin activity and the growth of A. flavus. This is the first demonstration of antifungal activity of a corn 14-kDa trypsin inhibitor protein. The expression of this protein among tested genotypes may be related to their difference in resistance to A. flavus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Resistance Germplasm Enhancement Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 40 TC 86 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.4.276 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN193 UT WOS:000073619200001 PM 18944949 ER PT J AU El-Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M AF El-Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M TI Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the biological control of Botrytis cinerea by Candida saitoana in apple fruit SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epiphytic yeasts; gray mold; Penicillium rot; post-harvest decay ID POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BIOCONTROL; VEGETABLES; YEAST; MOLD AB Biocontrol activity of Candida saitoana and its interaction with Botrytis cinerea in apple wounds were investigated. When cultured together, yeast attached to Botrytis sp. hyphal walls. In wounded apple tissue, C. saitoana restricted the proliferation of B. cinerea, multiplied, and suppressed disease caused by either B. cinerea or Penicillium expansum. In inoculated apple tissue without the yeast, fungal colonization caused an extensive degradation of host walls and altered cellulose labeling patterns. Hyphae in close proximity to the antagonistic yeast exhibited severe cytological injury, such as cell wall swelling and protoplasm degeneration. Colonization of the wound Site by C. saitoana did not cause degradation of host cell walls. Host cell walls in close contact with C. saitoana cells and B. cinerea hyphae were well. preserved and displayed an intense and regular cellulose labeling pattern. In addition to restricting fungal colonization, C. saitoana induced the formation of structural defense responses in apple tissue. The ability of C. saitoana to prevent the necrotrophic growth of the pathogen and stimulate structural defense responses may be the basis of its biocontrol activity. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Sci & Technol Aliments, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP El-Ghaouth, A (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Sci & Technol Aliments, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM ghaouth@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 22 TC 86 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.4.282 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZN193 UT WOS:000073619200002 PM 18944950 ER PT J AU Rastogi, R Chourey, PS Muhitch, MJ AF Rastogi, R Chourey, PS Muhitch, MJ TI The maize glutamine synthetase GS(1-2) gene is preferentially expressed in kernel pedicels and is developmentally-regulated SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differential expression; glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) genes; kernel development; kernel pedicels; Zea mays ID AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; ZEA-MAYS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PLANTS; FAMILY; TISSUES; ROOTS; POLYPEPTIDES; CHLOROPLAST AB The pedicel region of Zea mays kernels contains a unique form of maize glutamine synthetase (GS), GS(p1). RNA blot analysis using GS gene-specific probes revealed that the expression of the GS(1-2) gene was specific to the pedicel and that it increased in the kernels during development. This pattern of the maize GS(1-2) gene expression is consistent with the tissue specificity of the GS(p1) protein and suggests that it encodes the GS(p1) isoform of maize GS. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rastogi, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO, 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ZJ667 UT WOS:000073240000011 PM 9615467 ER PT J AU Muhitch, MJ Shatters, RG AF Muhitch, MJ Shatters, RG TI Regulation of the maize ubiquitin (Ubi-1) promoter in developing maize (Zea mays L.) seeds examined using transient gene expression in kernels grown in vitro SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE maize; transient assay; gene expression; seeds ID POLYUBIQUITIN GENES; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; CULTURED INVITRO; ENDOSPERM CELLS; FUSION MARKER; HIGHER-PLANTS; NITROGEN; TISSUES; PROTEIN; STRESS AB Kernel culture was assessed for evaluating novel gene expression in developing maize (Zen mays L.) seeds by comparing the transient expression of maize ubiquitin (Ubi-l) promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) delivered by particle bombardment in kernels grown in culture with those grown in planta. With kernels from either source, GUS expression, as determined by histochemical staining, was widespread in young, actively growing kernels, but it diminished with kernel age and by 25 days after pollination was found only in the embryo. Transient expression of Ubi-1 in kernels grown in vitro was not affected by wounding, ethylene treatment, pathogen invasion, or heat shock. In contrast, the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin both stimulated transient Ubi-l expression in the endosperm, particularly at the periphery. Transient gene expression in developing maize seeds grown in vitro should allow for facile and rapid evaluation of the tissue-specificity and environmental responses of novel gene constructs in developing maize seeds. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Muhitch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6-7 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZJ952 UT WOS:000073270200008 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Skaria, M AF Shellie, KC Skaria, M TI Reduction of green mold on grapefruit after hot forced-air quarantine treatment SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE citrus; disinfestation; high temperature forced air; marketing ID HEAT-TREATMENT; ENHANCEMENT; ORANGES; FRUITS AB Lesions on grapefruit developing from wounds inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium digitatum just prior to heating for 300 min in 46 degrees C moist, forced air developed less rapidly during 4 days of storage at 21 degrees C than lesions formed from inoculations made after the fruit were heated or lesions on non-heated fruit. Since the lesion size on fruit inoculated after heating was similar to that on fruit that were not heated, induced host resistance via lignification or accumulation of phytoalexins probably did not occur. Results from this research demonstrate that development of green mold on grapefruit caused by P. digitatum is inhibited by time and temperature regimes of moist, forced air that are known to provide quarantine security against Mexican fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78599 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 4 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.380 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZE097 UT WOS:000072757400004 ER PT J AU Williams-Woodward, JL Pfleger, FL Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA AF Williams-Woodward, JL Pfleger, FL Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA TI Aphanomyces euteiches inoculum potential: A rolled-towel bioassay suitable for fine-textured soils SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A sensitive measure of soil inoculum potential is needed res evaluate field management of common root rot (aphanomyces euteiches) in peas (Pisum sativum). A modified rolled-towel (RT) bioassay had been proposed to measure soil inoculum potential in fine-textured soils used for pea production in Minnesota, Homogenized soil was used because organic debris containing the inoculum could not be separated by wet sieving. The poor precision prompted an evaluation of procedures to improve this modified RT bioassay, Seed treatment with a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite before pea seed germination and plant isolation procedures during the RT bioassay preparation/incubation reduced seedborne contamination and seedling loss to less than 5%. Tests conducted with pasteurized soil that was artificially infested with oospores showed the region of the pea taproot 1 to 2 cm below the seed to be more susceptible to infection (33% compared with 15% infected seedlings) than the region 1 to 2 cm above the root tip. A soil volume of 1.0 cm(3) increased inoculum potential compared with 0.5 cm(3) applied to each seedling but did not influence the random error; the 40-seedling compared with the 20-seedling RT bioassay reduced random error from 18 to 12%. The modified RT bioassay conducted on soil that was artificially infested after steam treatment or without steam treatment showed superior performance when using 40 seedlings compared with 20 seedlings when evaluated for accuracy and precision. Multiple infection theory demonstrated more multiple infections in the RT bioassay with a 0.5 cm(3) soil volume applied to each seedling, which shows that soil mass is a factor preventing a higher percentage of infected seedlings, These modifications to the RT bioassay improved the method enough to reduce the random error by one-half compared with using homogenized soil without the proposed modifications. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Minnesota Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pfleger, FL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 4 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.386 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZE097 UT WOS:000072757400006 ER PT J AU Stommel, JR Tousignant, ME Wai, T Pasini, R Kaper, JM AF Stommel, JR Tousignant, ME Wai, T Pasini, R Kaper, JM TI Viral satellite RNA expression in transgenic tomato confers field tolerance to cucumber mosaic virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; CARNA 5; Lycopersicon esculentum ID NATURAL EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MEDIATED PROTECTION; WHITE LEAF; PLANTS; NECROSIS; STRAIN; CARNA-5; DISEASE AB Field trials of transgenic tomato plants expressing an ameliorative satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were conducted to test the efficacy of satellite-transgenic technology to protect against CMV infection. Three transgenic tomato lines derived from two susceptible genotypes were evaluated over two growing seasons for viral symptoms and titers, satellite RNA expression, and fruit yield. Satellite-transgenic lines exhibited mild or no CMV symptoms and low viral titers relative to nontransformed plants. A significant negative correlation between satellite RNA levels and disease severity was evident in transgenic lines. Total marketable yield of CMV-infected satellite-transgenic lines was 40 to 84% greater than that of CMV-infected parent lines. Importantly, yield of CMV-infected satellite-transgenic lines did not differ significantly from mock-inoculated parent lines. Risk assessment results demonstrated low levels of satellite RNA transmission within the test site and no evidence of satellite RNA-induced damage on surrounding plants. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Agr Biotechnol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.391 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZE097 UT WOS:000072757400007 ER PT J AU Gillaspie, AG Hajimorad, MR Ghabrial, SA AF Gillaspie, AG Hajimorad, MR Ghabrial, SA TI Characterization of a severe strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus seedborne in cowpea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEED-BORNE VIRUSES; HOST PASSAGE; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; RNA-3 AB A new seedborne strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) that induces severe symptoms on many cowpea genotypes was detected in Georgia in 1994. This strain, designated CMV-Csb, is asymptomatic on tobacco, but it produces more severe cowpea stunt symptoms when present in combination with blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus than do the more prevalent CMV isolates. The new strain is seedborne in cowpea (1.5 to 37%), has no associated satellite RNA, and is classified as a member of subgroup I of CMV strains based on nucleic acid hybridization assays. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Gillaspie, AG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 4 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.419 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZE097 UT WOS:000072757400011 ER PT J AU Walker, SL Leath, S Murphy, JP Lommel, SA AF Walker, SL Leath, S Murphy, JP Lommel, SA TI Selection for resistance and tolerance to oat mosaic virus and oat golden stripe virus in hexaploid oats SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE multiple regression model; soil-borne virus ID WHEAT AB Coker 716, a hexaploid oat cultivar resistant to both oat mosaic virus (OMV) and oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) was crossed to three susceptible cultivars (Brooks, Madison, and Tech) to form three individual populations. Individual breeding lines were derived from each cross in the FZ generation and tested in plots consisting of equally spaced individual hills in OMV-and OGSV-infested soils and non-infested soils to evaluate resistance and yield loss of individual lines. Foliar symptoms, harvest index, and yield loss were examined as selection criteria for resistant genotypes. The study was conducted over 2 years at two North Carolina locations that differed in soil type and climate. Multiple regression models describing yield loss in each cross due to rating, year, and location were calculated. Coefficients of multiple determination in these models ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Yield loss ranged from 39 to 60% among different crosses. Infection by OMV and OGSV accounted for the majority of yield loss in two of the populations. Disease severity varied widely over years and locations. The results suggest that selection of lines with symptomatic tissue of 10% or less, or selection of tolerant lines, is needed for breeding progress. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Leath, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1998 VL 82 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.423 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZE097 UT WOS:000072757400012 ER PT J AU Feild, TS Nedbal, L Ort, DR AF Feild, TS Nedbal, L Ort, DR TI Nonphotochemical reduction of the plastoquinone pool in sunflower leaves originates from chlororespiration SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; CHARGE ACCUMULATION; STROMAL COMPONENTS; NDH GENES; CHLOROPLASTS; PLANT; DEHYDROGENASE; COMPLEX AB We investigated the relationship between nonphotochemical plastoquinone reduction and chlororespiration in leaves of growth-chamber-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Following a short induction period, leaves of previously illuminated sunflower showed a substantially increased level of minimal fluorescence following a light-to-dark transition. This increase in minimal fluorescence was reversed by far-red illumination, inhibited by rotenone or photooxidative methyl viologen treatment, and stimulated by fumigation with CO. Using flash-induced electrochromic absorption-change measurements, we observed that the capacity of sunflower to reduce plastoquinone in the dark influenced the activation state of the chloroplast ATP synthase, although chlororespiratory transmembrane electrochemical potential formation alone does not fully explain our observations. We have added several important new observations to the work of others, forming, to our knowledge, the first strong experimental evidence that chlororespiratory, nonphotochemical plastoquinone reduction and plastoquinol oxidation occur in the chloroplasts of higher plants. We have introduced procedures for monitoring and manipulating chlororespiratory activity in leaves that will be important in subsequent work aimed at defining the pathway and function of this dark electron flux in higher plant chloroplasts. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Ctr Photosynth, Inst Microbiol, Trebon 37981, Czech Republic. Global Climate Res Ctr, Trebon 37981, Czech Republic. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 50 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1104/pp.116.4.1209 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH801 UT WOS:000073149000003 ER PT J AU Ricard, B VanToai, T Chourey, P Saglio, P AF Ricard, B VanToai, T Chourey, P Saglio, P TI Evidence for the critical role of sucrose synthase for anoxic tolerance of maize roots using a double mutant SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; HYPOXIC ACCLIMATION; SOLUBLE SUGARS; ENERGY-CHARGE; TIPS; GENES; SEEDLINGS; RESPIRATION; WHEAT AB The induction of the sucrose synthase (SuSy) gene (SuSy) by low O-2, low temperature, and limiting carbohydrate supply suggested a role in carbohydrate metabolism under stress conditions. The isolation of a maize (Zea mays L.) line mutant for the two known SuSy genes but functionally normal showed that SuSy activity might not be required for aerobic growth and allowed the possibility of investigating its importance during anaerobic stress. As assessed by root elongation after return to air, hypoxic pretreatment improved anoxic tolerance, in correlation with the number of SuSy genes and the level of SuSy expression. Furthermore, root death in double-mutant seedlings during anoxic incubation could be attributed to the impaired utilization of sucrose (Suc). Collectively, these data provide unequivocal evidence that Suc is the principal C source and that SuSy is the main enzyme active in Suc breakdown in roots of maize seedlings deprived of O-2. In this situation, SuSy plays a critical role in anoxic tolerance. C1 Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Rech Bordeaux, Stn Physiol Vegetale, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ricard, B (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Rech Bordeaux, Stn Physiol Vegetale, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. EM ricard@bordeaux.inra.fr NR 34 TC 80 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1323 EP 1331 DI 10.1104/pp.116.4.1323 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH801 UT WOS:000073149000015 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW Grove, MJ AF Gardner, HW Grove, MJ TI Soybean lipoxygenase-1 oxidizes SZ-nonenal - A route to 4S-hydroperoxy-2E-nonenal and related products SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VICIA-FABA L; FATTY-ACIDS; LINOLEIC ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; OXYGENATION; ALDEHYDES; STEREOCHEMISTRY; HYDROPEROXIDES; BIOCHEMISTRY; SEED AB In previous work with soybean (Glycine max), it was reported that the initial product of 3Z-nonenal (NON) oxidation is 4-hydroperoxy-2E-nonenal (4-HPNE). 4-HPNE can be converted to 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal by a hydroperoxide-dependent peroxygenase. In the present work we have attempted to purify the 4-HPNE-producing oxygenase from soybean seed. Chromatography on various supports had shown that O-2 uptake with NON substrate consistently coincided with lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 activity. Compared with oxidation of LOX's preferred substrate, linoleic acid, the activity with NON was about 400- to 1000-fold less. Rather than obtaining the expected 4-HPNE, 1-oxo-2E-nonenal was the principal product of NON oxidation, presumably arising from the enzyme-generated alkoxyl radical of 4-HPNE. In further work a precipitous drop in activity was noted upon dilution of LOX-1 concentration; however, activity could be enhanced by spiking the reaction with 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid. Under these conditions the principal product of NON oxidation shifted to the expected 4-HPNE. 4-HPNE was demonstrated to be 83% of the 4S-hydroperoxy-stereoisomer. Therefore, LOX-1 is also a 3Z-alkenal oxygenase, and it exerts the same stereospecificity of oxidation as it does with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two other LOX isozymes of soybean seed were also found to oxidize NON to 4-HPNE with an excess of 4S-hydroperoxy-stereoisomer. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gardner, HW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1366 DI 10.1104/pp.116.4.1359 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH801 UT WOS:000073149000019 ER PT J AU Pineros, MA Shaff, JE Kochian, V AF Pineros, MA Shaff, JE Kochian, V TI Development, characterization, and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxes in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ROOTS; VIBRATING MICROELECTRODE; ALUMINUM-TOLERANT; CALCIUM FLUXES; NET FLUXES; CORN ROOTS; ION FLUXES; ELECTRODES; H+; CAERULESCENS AB A Cd(2+)-selective vibrating microelectrode was constructed using a neutral carrier-based Cd ionophore to investigate ion-transport processes along the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two species of Thlaspi, one a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator and the other a related nonaccumulator. In simple Cd(NO(3))(2) solutions, the electrode exhibited a Nernstian response in solutions with Cd(2+) activities as low as 50 nM. Addition of Ca(2+) to the calibration solutions did not influence the slope of the calibration curve but reduced the detection limit to a solution activity of 1 mu M Cd(2+). Addition of high concentrations of K(+) and Mg(2+) to the calibration solution to mimic the ionic composition of the cytoplasm affected neither the slope nor the sensitivity of the electrode, demonstrating the pH-insensitive electrode's potential for intracellular investigations. The electrode was assayed for selectivity and was shown to be at least 1000 times more selective for Cd(2+) than for any of those potentially interfering ions tested. Flux measurements along the roots of the two Thlaspi species showed no differences in the pattern or the magnitude of Cd(2+) uptake within the time frame considered. The Cd(2+)-selective microelectrode will permit detailed investigations of heavy-metal ion transport in plant roots, especially in the area of phytoremediation. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, V (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvkl@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 NR 39 TC 79 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1393 EP 1401 DI 10.1104/pp.116.4.1393 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH801 UT WOS:000073149000023 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Sullivan, LA Kochian, LV AF Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Sullivan, LA Kochian, LV TI Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE INBRED LINES; OAT ROOTS; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; ZINC; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOCHELATINS; ABSORPTION; KINETICS; PEPTIDES AB High Cd content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain grown in the United States and Canada presents potential health and economic problems for consumers and growers. in an effort to understand the biological processes that result in excess Cd accumulation, root Cd uptake and xylem translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat cultivars were studied. Whole-plant Cd accumulation was somewhat greater in the bread wheat cultivar, but this was probably because of increased apoplastic Cd binding. Concentration-dependent Cd-109(2+)-influx kinetics in both cultivars were characterized by smooth, nonsaturating curves that could be dissected into linear and saturable components, The saturable component likely represented carrier-mediated Cd influx across root-cell plasma membranes (Michaelis constant, 20-40 nM; maximum initial velocity, 26-29 nmol g(-1) fresh weight h(-1)), whereas linear Cd uptake represented cell wall binding of Cd-109. Cd translocation to shoots was greater in the bread wheat cultivar than in the durum cultivar because a larger proportion of root-absorbed Cd moved to shoots. Our results indicate that excess Cd accumulation in durum wheat grain is not correlated with seedling-root influx rates or root-to-shoot translocation, but may be related to phloem-mediated Cd transport to the grain. C1 Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hart, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 40 TC 227 Z9 288 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1420 DI 10.1104/pp.116.4.1413 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZH801 UT WOS:000073149000025 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI A role for jasmonates in climacteric fruit ripening SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ethylene; jasmonic acid; Lycopersicon (fruit ripening); Malus (fruit ripening); methyl jasmonate; ripening ID METHYL JASMONATE; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; TOMATO FRUIT; APPLE FRUITS; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; PERCEPTION AB Jasmonates are a class of oxylipins that induce a wide variety of higher-plant responses. To determine if jasmonates play a role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening, the effects of exogenous jasmonates on ethylene biosynthesis and color, as well as the endogenous concentrations of jasmonates were determined during the onset of ripening of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Cobra) fruit. Transient (12 h) treatment of pre-climacteric fruit discs with exogenous jasmonates at low concentration (1 or 10 mu M) promoted ethylene biosynthesis and color change in a concentration-dependent fashion, Activities of both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase and ACC synthase were stimulated by jasmonate treatments in this concentration range. The endogenous concentration of jasmonates increased transiently prior to the climacteric increase in ethylene biosynthesis during the onset of ripening of both apple and tomato fruit. The onset of tomato fruit ripening was also preceded by an increase in the percentage of the cis-isomer of jasmonic acid. Inhibition of ethylene action by diazocyclopentadiene negated the jasmonate-induced stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis, indicating jasmonates act at least in part via ethylene action, These results suggest jasmonates may play a role together with ethylene in regulating the early steps of climacteric fruit ripening. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 105 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 1998 VL 204 IS 4 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s004250050278 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZG554 UT WOS:000073015300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, SB Williams-Carrier, R Jackson, D Lemaux, PG AF Zhang, SB Williams-Carrier, R Jackson, D Lemaux, PG TI Expression of CDC2Zm and KNOTTED1 during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation in maize (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE gene expression (CDC2Zm, KN1); Hordeum (shoot meristem); organogenesis (in vitro); shoot meristem; Zea (shoot meristem) ID HOMEOBOX GENE; CELL-DIVISION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PROTEIN-KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS; P34CDC2; HOMOLOG; LEAF; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS AB Expression of CDC2Zm and KNOTTED1 (KN1) in maize (Zea mays L.) and their cross-reacting proteins in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using immunolocalization during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation. Expression of CDC2Zm, a protein involved in cell division, roughly correlated with in-vitro cell proliferation and in the meristematic domes CDC2Zm expression was triggered during in-vitro proliferation. Analysis of the expression of KN1, a protein necessary for maintenance of the shoot meristem, showed that KN1 or KN1-homologue(s) expression was retained In meristematic cells during in-vitro proliferation of axillary shoot meristems. Multiple adventitious shoot meristems appeared to form directly from the KN1- or KN1 homologue(s)-expressing meristematic cells in the in-vitro proliferating meristematic domes. However, unlike Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves ectopically expressing KN1 (G. Chuck et al., 1996 Plant Cell 8: 1277-1289; N., Sinha er al., 1993 Genes Dev. 7: 787-797), transgenic maize leaves over-expressing KN1 were unable to initiate adventitious shoot meristems on their surfaces either in planta or in vitro. Therefore, expression of KN1 is not the sole triggering factor responsible for inducing adventitious shoot meristem formation from in-vitro proliferating axillary shoot meristems in maize, Our results show that genes critical to cell division and plant development have utility in defining in-vitro plant morphogenesis at the molecular level and, in combination with transformation technologies, will be powerful tools in identifying the fundamental molecular and-or genetic triggering factor(s) responsible for reprogramming of plant cells during plant morphogenesis in-vitro. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shibo@nature.berkeley.edu NR 45 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 1998 VL 204 IS 4 BP 542 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s004250050289 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZG554 UT WOS:000073015300016 PM 9684373 ER PT J AU May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD AF May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD TI The effect of environmental temperature and body weight on growth rate and feed : gain of male broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE temperature; weight; growth; feed to gain ratio ID CHICKENS AB High environmental temperatures are detrimental to the growth and feed:gain of broilers. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of incremental differences in environmental temperature on growth and feed:gain. The data are needed for decisions about the profitability of energy inputs when managing the housing environment. In Trial 1, broiler chicks were reared as a group to 21 d on litter with constant lighting and with water and feed available for ad libitum consumption. They were then moved to 10 environmental chambers. Each chamber was set at a different temperature ranging from 21.1 C to 31.1 C in 1.11 C increments. Weight gain and feed:gain were determined when the broilers were 28, 35, and 42 d old. In Trials 2 and 3, broilers were placed in the environmental chambers, and weight gain and feed:gain were determined for the 42 to 49 d period. The data were analyzed statistically, and regression equations were obtained for growth and feed:gain. Equations were based on body weight and temperature, and the body weight equation was plotted as grams gain per bird per day. Feed:gain was plotted for that body weight and temperature. Body weight gain per day increased to a maximum with increasing weight and then declined. The body weight at the maximum rate of gain was inversely related to temperature. Feed:gain increased as body weight increased. Feed:gain was directly related to temperature at weights above 800 g and the effect of temperature increased as body weight increased. The data will be useful for the evaluation of various management scenarios to determine the inputs that are profitable. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP May, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 77 IS 4 BP 499 EP 501 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZF862 UT WOS:000072940700001 PM 9565229 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Chapman, HD Fitz-Coy, SH Balog, JM Huff, GR Huff, WE AF Rath, NC Chapman, HD Fitz-Coy, SH Balog, JM Huff, GR Huff, WE TI Effects of roxarsone and monensin on digital flexoral tendons of broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE roxarsone; monensin; tendon; biomechanical strength; collagen ID TOXICITY; COLLAGEN; CHONDROCYTES AB Roxarsone and monensin are common poultry feed additives that are used alone or in combination with other drugs to improve growth and feed utilization in young birds. The effects of monensin and roxarsone on the physiology of flexoral tendons of broiler chickens were examined to understand their relationships to leg weakness that have been occasionally associated with these drugs. Day-old chickens were fed either roxarsone or monensin for a period of 6 wk with two regimens of each of the drugs (roxarsone, 45.4 or 90.8 g/ton feed; monensin, 100 or 150 g/ton feed). None of the treatments had any adverse effect on the growth of the birds or caused any significant leg problem. Roxarsone at 45.4 g/ton caused a significant gain in body weight. The biomechanical strength of digital flexoral tendons was measured in several ways. There were no statistical differences in load at break, the modulus of elasticity, or stress or strain levels between different treatment groups and birds that received no medication. There were no differences in collagen, proteoglycan, and pyridinoline content of tendons. Sequential extraction of tendons with different solvents revealed a significant increase in the percentage of guanidine HCl extractible collagens in monensin-treated birds,and a decrease in the acid extractible collagen in both roxarsone-and monensin-treated groups. The relative content of collagen in acid extractible collagens were significantly small relative to total collagen content. Majority of collagen (84 to 90%) was extractible with pepsin. About 8 to 11% of total collagen was resistant to pepsin that was extractible with collagenase; this did not differ between treatment groups. Roxarsone treatment had no effect on the guanidine soluble collagen pool. The effect of monensin on the increase in guanidine soluble pool of collagen may relate to its disruptive effects on cellular secretory processes, which may be of significance in modulating connective tissue function in conjunction with other factors. However, in the present study, neither roxarsone nor monensin alone produced any significant leg problems nor caused any significant differences in the physiology of flexoral tendons or altered their biomechanical properties. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Alpharma Inc, Ft Lee, NJ 07024 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 77 IS 4 BP 523 EP 528 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZF862 UT WOS:000072940700005 PM 9565233 ER PT J AU Field, D Chemnick, L Robbins, M Garner, K Ryder, O AF Field, D Chemnick, L Robbins, M Garner, K Ryder, O TI Paternity determination in captive lowland gorillas and orangutans and wild mountain gorillas by microsatellite analysis SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE paternity testing; microsatellites; gorilla gorilla; Pongo pygmaeus; DNA typing ID MACAQUES MACACA-SYLVANUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HOMINOID PHYLOGENY; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; DNA; BEHAVIOR; COLONY; TREES AB Paternity exclusion studies provide useful information for testing certain theories of behavioral ecology and for the management and conservation of both wild and captive populations of endangered species. This study used eight human nuclear microsatellite loci, in the absence of species-specific PCR primers, to genetically identify the sires of 12 captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and 2 captive orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus and Pongo p. abelii). Parentage assignments were confirmed by excluding all except a single potential sire for each offspring with at least two loci. Sire-offspring relationships were verified in 12 of the 14 cases, and reassigned in the case of two gorilla offspring. The orangutan paternity typing was supplemented by DNA fingerprinting. Additionally, five of the eight microsatellite loci, in conjunction with behavioral data, were used for a non-exhaustive set of paternity exclusions for five wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei). The eight loci described in this study should be useful additions to the tools available for the study of genetics in the great apes. C1 Zool Soc San Diego, Ctr Reprod Endangered Species, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Field, D (reprint author), Zool Soc San Diego, Ctr Reprod Endangered Species, POB 551, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. RI Field, Dawn/C-1653-2010 NR 51 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU JAPAN MONKEY CENTRE PI INUYAMA AICHI PA PRIMATES, EDITORIAL OFFICE, INUYAMA AICHI, 484, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD APR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1007/BF02557731 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ZL548 UT WOS:000073445200008 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Davidson, JA AF Miller, DR Davidson, JA TI New species of armored scale (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Diaspididae) previously confused with Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE armored scale; Coccoidea; Diaspididae; pest; tulip poplar; lilac; Liriodendron; Syringa AB A new species of armored scale, Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Miller and Davidson, is described and illustrated. It occurs in the eastern and midwestern United States and parts of Mexico and has been reported as a pest of tulip poplar and lilac. It previously has been misidentified as H. diffinis (Newstead), which is a tropical species from the Caribbean Islands, Central America, South America, and Mexico. Lectotypes are designated for Aspidiotus diffinis Newstead, A. jatrophae Townsend and Cockerell, and A. jatrophae var. parrotti Newell. Aspidiotus fabernii Houser is transferred to Quadraspidiotus (new combination). C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,BARCW, Bldg 046, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400001 ER PT J AU Schauff, ME AF Schauff, ME TI New Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) reared from citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE biological control; taxonomy; Chalcidoidea; Eulophidae; citrus leafminer AB Two new species of Eulophidae, Pediobius puertoricensis and Chrysocharodes lasallei (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) reared from the citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from Puerto Rico and Colombia, respectively, are described and illustrated. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schauff, ME (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA ARS, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400009 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Evaniidae (Hymenoptera) in the mid-Atlantic states: Seasonal occurrence and identification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Evaniidae; ensign wasps; key; seasonal occurrence; Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; West Virginia ID ORIENTAL COCKROACH ORTHOPTERA; BLATTIDAE AB Six species of Evaniidae are found in the mid-Atlantic states. Evania appendigaster (L.) and Prosevania fuscipes (Illiger) are introduced species and are found only in urban situations. Evaniella semaeoda Bradley, Hyptia harpyoides Bradley, H. thoracica (Blanchard), and H. reticulata (Say) are native and are widely distributed and common in field collections. The peak flight time for all four native species is similar, from late June to the end of July, but they are present in low population levels into September. A key, supplemented with scanning electron photographs, is given for identification of the species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dsmith@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 275 EP 285 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400012 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Gullan, PJ Williams, DJ AF Miller, DR Gullan, PJ Williams, DJ TI Family placement of species previously included in the scale insect genus Sphaerococcus Maskell (Hemiptera : Coccoidea) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE scale insects; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae; Lecanodiaspididae; Asterolecaniidae; Eriococcidae; Aclerdidae; Beesoniidae; Kermesidae; Phoenicococcidae AB The genus Sphaerococcus Maskell has been the "dumping ground" for many rotund scale insects that did not seem to fit elsewhere. Although the genus is a member of the Pseudococcidae as defined by its type species, the family placement of many species is questionable or unknown. The purpose of this pager is to provide evidence for the correct family placement of each species described in Sphaerococcus. Twelve taxa are assigned to families in which they have never been placed previously and there are five new combinations and one new synonymy. C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,BARCW, Bldg 046, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 286 EP 305 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400013 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG Ferguson, DC AF Pogue, MG Ferguson, DC TI A revision of the cypress-feeding moths of the genus Cutina Walker (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cutina; Noctuidae; phylogeny; cypress; Taxodium AB The genus Cutina consists of 4 species that are associated with cypress (Taxodium spp.) swamps throughout the southeastern United States. Two species are described as new: C. aluticolor, n.sp., and C. arcuata, n.sp. Redescriptions of C. albopunctella Walker and C. distincta (Grote) are provided. C. albopunctella has been reared on bald cypress, Taxodium distichum (L.) L.C. Rich. A phylogenetic analysis of Cutina indicates that C. albopunctella is considered basal with C. distincta the sister species to the C. aluticolor + C. arcuata clade, with C. aluticolor and C. arcuata sister species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 331 EP 352 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400017 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS AF Konstantinov, AS TI On the structure and function of the female genitalia in flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE female genitalia; homology; function; Alticinae AB Structure, terminology and possible homology of female genitalia in flea beetles (Alticinae) are discussed. The relative position of the male and female genitalia was examined in a pair of Aphthona formosana Chen preserved in copulation. It is speculated that the vaginal palpi of the female genitalia and the median lobe of the male genitalia function together during copulation as an "internal courtship device" to regulate sperm transfer and egg fertilization. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Agr Res Serv,USDA, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400018 ER PT J AU Cavey, JF Hoebeke, ER Passoa, S Lingafelter, SW AF Cavey, JF Hoebeke, ER Passoa, S Lingafelter, SW TI A new exotic threat to North American hardwood forests: An Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (motschulsky) (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae). I. Larval description and diagnosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cerambycidae; longhorned beetle; Anoplophora; exotic pest AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), an Asian longhorned beetle native to eastern China, Korea, and Japan, was discovered in the New York City area attacking various hardwood trees in August 1996. This represents the first known infestation of any member of the lamiine genus Anoplophora in North America. To better enable identification of the immature stages of this important exotic forest pest, the mature larva is thoroughly described and illustrated with the use of photomicrographs. In addition, the larva of A. glabripennis is compared with North American larvae of the hardwood-feeding genera Xylotrechus, Neoclytus, Saperda, and Glycobius and of the conifer-feeding, morphologically similar genus Monochamus. C1 APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Natl Identif Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Cavey, JF (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Natl Identif Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 26 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1998 VL 100 IS 2 BP 373 EP 381 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZG951 UT WOS:000073056400020 ER PT J AU Davis, AM Pond, WG Wheeler, M Ishimura-Oka, K Su, DR Li, CM Mersmann, HJ AF Davis, AM Pond, WG Wheeler, M Ishimura-Oka, K Su, DR Li, CM Mersmann, HJ TI Alleles of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7) gene in pigs selected for high or low plasma total cholesterol SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE EXPRESSION; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; METABOLISM; SWINE; CLONING; ENZYME; LOCUS AB Crossbred pigs were selected for high (HTC) or low (LTC) plasma total cholesterol (TC). Pigs from the seventh (n = 51) and eighth (n = 92) generations were used to determine restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Using Taql restriction enzyme digestion, the frequencies of two alleles (2.8- or 5.0-kb fragments) of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7) gene were determined in the two populations as a potential indicator of TC concentration at 8 weeks of age. Only the 2.8-kb fragment allele was present in the 26 HTC pigs tested in Generation 7. In the LTC pigs both the 2.8- and 5.0-kb alleles were present in 12 pigs, and only the 5.0-kb allele was present in 13 pigs. The allele frequencies of the 2.8 and 5.0 fragments, respectively, were .26 and .74 in LTC pigs and 1.00 and 0 in HTC pigs. There was an association (P < .001) between the 5.0- and 2.8-kb CYP7 alleles, respectively, and low and high TC concentrations. In Generation 8, all HTC pigs were homozygous for the 2.8 kb allele, The 5.0 kb allele was present in all LTC pigs tested and was homozygous in 57% of LTC pigs. Mean plasma TC was 105.0 mg/dl in 30 pigs homozygous for the 2.8-kb allele in Generation 8; means for LTC pigs were 53.5 and 60.4 mg/dl in 35 pigs homozygous for the 5.0-kb allele and in 27 heterozygous pigs, respectively. High TC was associated with the presence of the 2.8-kb allele, and low TC was associated with the presence of the 5.0-kb allele in both Generations 7 and 8. We conclude that Taql RFLP analysis of the CYP7 gene is a reliable indicator for TC in these swine. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0001-5589-357X NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 217 IS 4 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA ZB770 UT WOS:000072506200010 PM 9521095 ER PT J AU Anderson, KA Rosenblum, PM Whiteside, BG Standage, RW Brandt, TM AF Anderson, KA Rosenblum, PM Whiteside, BG Standage, RW Brandt, TM TI Controlled spawning of longnose darters SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID FOUNTAIN DARTER AB Temperature (5-25 degrees C) and photoperiod (daylight of 10-14 h) were manipulated to induce spawning in groups and individual pairs of longnose darters Percina nasuta. The fish were maintained in tanks for up to 6 years and were fed blackworms, zooplankton, and aquatic insects harvested from hatchery ponds. The fish were spawned four times between June 1994 and February 1996. Eight females released over 3,400 eggs, of which 73% were deposited on Spawntex mats. Various incubation methods were used, and 706 fry (20% hatch) were produced. Fry were offered brine shrimp Artemia sp., copepods, and cladocerans (0.053-0.212 mm in diameter) and rotifers (0.053-0.106 mm in diameter) under various culture conditions. Mortality of fry was 100% within 9 d. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Biol Resources Div, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Brandt, TM (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1998 VL 60 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0137:CSOLD>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ZM982 UT WOS:000073596000010 ER PT J AU Sano, EE Moran, MS Huete, AR Miura, T AF Sano, EE Moran, MS Huete, AR Miura, T TI C- and multiangle Ku-band synthetic aperture radar data for bare soil moisture estimation in agricultural areas SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID WATER CONTENT; SURFACE; MODEL; BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING; COEFFICIENTS; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; ROUGHNESS AB A sensitivity analysis of C- band (5.3 GHz) and Ku-band (14.85 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to the bare soil moisture content of agricultural fields was conducted in this study. The C-band data were obtained with a 23 degrees incidence angle, whereas the Ku-band data were obtained with 35 degrees, 55 degrees, and 75 degrees incidence angles. The fields presented either a small-scale or an intermediate-scale periodic soil roughness components, associated with level-basin and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. For fields with a small-scale roughness component, the SAR data were sensitive to soil moisture, particularly at the C-band with a 23 degrees incidence angle and Ku-band with a 35 degrees incidence angle. For fields with a intermediate-scale roughness component, both C-and Ku-band data were nearly insensitive to soil moisture. By using a theoretical surface scattering model, this study also analysed the effects of different soil roughness components [root mean square (RMS) height h, correlation length, and periodic row structure] in the SAR data. For fields with RMS height <0.3 cm, a small variation in h (from. 0.1 to 0.3 cm) provoked a significant variation in the SAR data (zip to 8 dB). (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Sano, EE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, 429 Shantz Bldg,36, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00170-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZB754 UT WOS:000072504400007 ER PT J AU Lunney, JK AF Lunney, JK TI Cytokines orchestrating the immune response SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE biotherapeutics; colony-stimulating factors; disease resistance; genetics haematopoiesis; immune regulation; innate immunity; interferons; interleukins receptors ID PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-SUIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; MESSENGER-RNA; INTERFERON; DISEASE; PIGS; INTERLEUKIN-2; RESISTANCE; SWINE AB The author summarises the current knowledge of the major immune cytokines, their receptors and functions, and illustrates the pivotal role of cytokines in regulating immune responses. As researchers explore the factors which influence the genetics of disease resistance in livestock and poultry, alleles associated with differences in the expression of, and responsiveness to, cytokines will inevitably be defined. Variations in cytokine receptors, as well as in sensitivity to the rapidly expanding:array of cytokine agonists and antagonists, will also be identified. These differences influence not only disease resistance but also potential disease pathology and speed of recovery from infection. The author concludes with a discussion of some uses of cytokines in clinical practice. This area is the subject of active exploration with clinical trials in many species, addressing issues such as immune system stimulation and disease treatment with cytokine proteins. As veterinarians use such new biotherapeutics, the issue of genetic:control of responses to deliberate cytokine stimulation will become important to producers. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lunney, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Bldg 1040,Room 105, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZR648 UT WOS:000073999800006 PM 9638802 ER PT J AU Evans, WJ Roubenoff, R Shevitz, A AF Evans, WJ Roubenoff, R Shevitz, A TI Exercise and the treatment of wasting: Aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; ENDURANCE-TRAINED MEN; TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM; LOW-PROTEIN DIET; MUSCLE STRENGTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; CELL MASS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Donald W Reynolds Dept Geriatr, VA Med Ctr NMEL,NLR,Nutr Metab & Exercise Div, Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. VA Med Ctr, GRECC, Little Rock, AR USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tupper Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Evans, WJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Nutr Metab & Exercise Lab, Donald W Reynolds Dept Geriatr, VA Med Ctr NMEL,NLR,Nutr Metab & Exercise Div, 2200 Ft Roots Dr, Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11811]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45734] NR 82 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 25 IS 2 SU 6 BP 112 EP 122 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZT176 UT WOS:000074056800018 PM 9625393 ER PT J AU Jayachandran, K Stolpe, NB Moorman, TB Shea, PJ AF Jayachandran, K Stolpe, NB Moorman, TB Shea, PJ TI Application of (14)C-most-probable-number technique to enumerate atrazine-degrading microorganisms in soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; C-14 ATRAZINE; CLAY LOAM; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLITES; CARBON; PSEUDOMONAS; TRANSPORT AB The size and activity of atrazine-degrading populations are among the factors controlling atrazine persistence in soil. Populations of atrazine-degrading microorganisms in surface and subsurface soils were enumerated by the (14)C-most-probable-number ((14)C-MPN) technique using [(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine or [U-(14)C-ring]-atrazine in C-or N-limited media. The [(14)C-ethyl] atrazine served as a potential carbon source for a larger number of microorganisms than [U-(14)C-ring]-atrazine. Populations of atrazine-degrading microorganisms using [(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine as a carbon source ranged From 4670 to 31,930 cells g(-1) of surface soil, but were 1050 cells g(-1) in a subsurface sediment. The size of these [(14)-ethyl]-atrazine-degrading microbial populations were positively correlated (r(2)=0.81) to mineralization of [(14)C-ethyl]-atrazine added to soil, which suggests that atrazine-degrading populations may serve as an indicator of atrazine persistence in the soil environment. Populations degrading [U-(14)C-ring]-atrazine ranged from 130 to 1630 cells g(-1) soil in C-limited media and from 19 to 10,530 cells g-l soil in N-limited media. Population size and mineralization activity were generally increased by the frequency of atrazine use, suggesting that long-term exposure encourages microbial adaptation and growth. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00137-5 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZL934 UT WOS:000073488200012 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Scott, HD Shaffer, MJ Ahuja, LR AF Ma, LW Scott, HD Shaffer, MJ Ahuja, LR TI RZWQM simulations of water and nitrate movement in a manured tall fescue field SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modeling; waste management; broiler litter; nitrogen transport; groundwater quality ID POULTRY LITTER APPLICATION; BROMIDE BEHAVIOR; LAND APPLICATION; WASTE-DISPOSAL; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; RUNOFF; MODEL; SOIL AB Disposal of animal waste on agricultural lands has been a widely used practice. The mechanisms and processes controlling the fate of manure in agricultural systems have not been fully understood, however. In this study, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was used to simulate water and nitrate movement in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) field after broiler litter applications. The simulations were evaluated against experimental results from a well established tall fescue field in Fayetteville, Arkansas, which had not received any fertilizer or manure for several years before the experiment. Broiler litter was applied at 8.96 Mg/ha twice a year in the Spring and Fall. Tall fescue yield, soil nitrate-N, soil temperature, soil water content, and soil water pressure head were measured during the 2-year period. Generally, the model provided adequate predictions of soil temperature, soil water content, and soil water pressure head at various soil depths. It also predicted adequately the responses of soil profile (90 cm) nitrate-N to broiler litter applications, However, the model overpredicted nitrate concentration in water samples collected at 200-cm soil depth with suction lysimeters. This trend could be attributed to the effects of a fragipan at 80 to 114-cm soil depth on preferential transport of water and nitrate that was not considered in the model, It is also plausible that water samples from suction lysimeters did not represent preferential transport of nitrate in the field. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ahuja@gpsr.colostate.edu NR 38 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 4 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1097/00010694-199804000-00001 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZK682 UT WOS:000073350600001 ER PT J AU May, OL Taylor, RA AF May, OL Taylor, RA TI Breeding cottons with higher yarn tenacity SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Stronger cotton yarns are needed by the textile industry as knit and woven fabric manufacturing speeds increase, thus placing greater strain on cotton yarns. We compare fiber properties as selection criteria for the genetic improvement of yarn tenacity in a breeding population consisting of twenty-five cotton germplasm lines grown for two years at two locations near Florence, SC. Fiber properties measured with the fibrograph, Stelometer, fibronaire, and Arealometer are obtained on lint from each experimental line in this population, along with ring spun yarn with a tenacity of 27 tex (22 Ne). Among individual fiber properties, selection for 50% fiber span length results in the greatest gain in yarn tenacity. Simultaneous selection for low Micronaire reading, long 50% fiber span length, and high fiber tenacity improve yarn tenacity more so than selection for individual fiber properties. Selecting for fiber properties measured with the Arealometer generally results in lower gains in yarn tenacity. We show individual and combinations of fiber properties that are useful as selection criteria for yarn tenacity improvement. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Florence, SC 29506 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP May, OL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 1998 VL 68 IS 4 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1177/004051759806800409 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA ZD990 UT WOS:000072746000009 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Abraham-Pierce, FA Tam, A AF Anderson, OD Abraham-Pierce, FA Tam, A TI Conservation in wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin gene promoter sequences: comparisons among loci and among alleles of the GLU-B1-1 locus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE wheat; high-molecular-weight glutenin; promoter; transposon; genome evolution ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; INVERTED-REPEAT ELEMENTS; HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; STORAGE PROTEIN GENES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SUBUNIT GENE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PCR ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION; FAMILY AB The high-molecular-weight glutenin (HMW) genes and encoded subunits are known to be critical for wheat quality characteristics and are among the best-studied cereal research subjects. Two lines of experiments were undertaken to further understand the structure and high expression levels of the HMW-glutenin gene promoters. Cross hybridizations of clones of the paralogous x-type and y-type HMW-glutenin genes to a complete set of six genes from a single cultivar showed that each type hybridizes best within that type. The extent of hybridization was relatively restricted to the coding and immediate flanking DNA sequences. Additional DNA sequences were determined for four published members of the HMW-glutenin gene family (encoding subunits Ax2 double dagger, Bx7, Dx5, and Dy10) and showed that the flanking DNA of the examined genes diverge at approximately -1200 bp 5' to the start codon and 200-400 bp 3' to the stop codon. These divergence sites may indicate the boundaries of sequences important in gene expression. In addition, promoter sequences were determined for alleles of the Bx gene (Glu-B1-1), a gene reported to show higher levels of expression than other HMW-glutenin genes and with variation among cultivars. The sequences of Bx promoters from three cultivars and one wild tetraploid wheat indicated that all Bx alleles had few differences and contained a duplicated portion of the promoter sequence "cereal-box" previously suspected as a factor in higher levels of expression. Thus, the "cereal-box" duplication preceeded the origin of hexaploid wheat, and provides no evidence to explain the variations in Bx subunit synthesis levels. One active Bx allele contained a 185-bp insertion that evidently resulted from a transposition event. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 1998 VL 96 IS 5 BP 568 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s001220050775 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA ZN336 UT WOS:000073635700002 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Shane, JB Cali, PF Donnelly, JR Strimbeck, GR AF Schaberg, PG Shane, JB Cali, PF Donnelly, JR Strimbeck, GR TI Photosynthetic capacity of red spruce during winter SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; Picea rubens; temperature; winter thaw ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PINUS-SILVESTRIS; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; LEAVES AB We measured the photosynthetic capacity (P-max) of plantation-grown red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) during two winter seasons (1993-94 and 1994-95) and monitored field photosynthesis of these trees during one winter (1993-94). We also measured P-max for mature montane trees from January through May 1995. Changes in P-max and field photosynthesis closely paralleled seasonal changes in outdoor air temperature. However, during thaw periods, field photosynthesis was closely correlated with multiple-day temperature regimes, whereas P-max was closely correlated with single-day fluctuations in temperature. There was a strong association between short-term changes in ambient temperature and P-max during the extended thaw of January 1995. Significant increases in P-max occurred within two days of the start of this thaw. Repeated measurements of cut shoots kept indoors indicated that temperature-induced increases in P-max can occur within 3 h. Although significant correlations between P-max and stomatal conductance (g(s)) or intracelluar CO2 concentration (C-i) raised the possibility that increases in P-max resulted from increases in stomatal aperture, fluctuations in g(s) or C-i explained little of the overall variation in P-max. Following both natural and simulated thaws, P-max increased considerably but plateaued at only 37% of the mean photosynthetic rate reported for red spruce during the growing season. Thus, even though shoots were provided with near-optimal environmental conditions, and despite thaw-induced changes in physiology, significant limitations to winter photosynthesis remained. C1 NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZG380 UT WOS:000072995800008 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Tyree, MT Patino, S Carlton, MR AF Zotz, G Tyree, MT Patino, S Carlton, MR TI Hydraulic architecture and water use of selected species from a lower montane forest in Panama SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE hydraulic architecture; transpiration; lower montane forest; cloud forest ID HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWMETER; ACER-SACCHARUM; RAIN-FOREST; TREE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; MOUNTAINS; GROWTH AB Plant water relations of nine woody species were studied in a lower montane rain forest in Panama. These data provide a partial test of the hypothesis that hydraulic architecture of lower montane species might limit transpiration and thus leaf size or nutrient transport (as suggested by J. Cavelier and E. G. Leigh, respectively). Diurnal variation in leaf transpiration was closely correlated with changes in net radiation. Peak transpiration rates (7 x 10(-5) kg s(-1) m(-2)) were as high as peak transpiration rates from tropical lowland forests but mean daily water use [0.39 +/- 0.08 (SEM) kg m(-2) day(-1)] were mostly lower than comparable data from tropical lowland forests. Thus transpiration rates are sufficiently high for sufficiently long periods to make it unlikely that nutrient transport is Limited by transpiration. Another objective of this study was a comparison of two different methods to measure hydraulic conductance (K-h = flow rate per unit pressure gradient) and leaf specific conductance of stem segments (K-L = K-h/leaf area distal to the segment). The results obtained with the traditional conductivity apparatus and the high pressure flow meter method, yielded similar results in six out of seven cases. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM mtyree@zoo.uvm.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD APR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s004680050155 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZH558 UT WOS:000073123400008 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA AF Graybosch, RA TI Waxy wheats: Origin, properties, and prospects SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; 3 WX GENES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; COMMON WHEAT; NOODLE QUALITY; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; GRANULE; AMYLOPECTIN AB Starch amylose is synthesized through the activity of the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), there are three structural genes encoding isoforms of GBSS. Naturally occurring mutations (null alleles) resulting in the loss of one or more GBSS isoforms have recently been identified. The presence of one or two GBSS null alleles results in the production of starch with reduced amylose content. Reduced amylose wheats have been termed 'partial waxy'. Wheats with three GBSS null alleles produce essentially amylose-free, or waxy, starch. Partial waxy wheats are sources of flours with optimal quality characteristics in certain Asian wet noodle products. In addition, partial waxy wheats are essential to the development of waxy wheats with acceptable agronomic performance. Biochemical features of starch from waxy wheats are similar to those of waxy maize. Waxy wheats may find application in the production of modified food starches, as blending wheats for the formulation of superior noodle flours, and as a means to manipulate amylose contents in substrates for extrusion. Flour from waxy wheats may also be used to extend the shelf-life of baked goods, without a concomitant dilution of wheat gluten. Finally, waxy wheat may increase profitability to gluten manufacturers by providing a co-product with added value. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 43 TC 114 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0924-2244(98)00034-X PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 103XL UT WOS:000074983100001 ER PT J AU Cheng, YH Goff, JP Horst, RL AF Cheng, YH Goff, JP Horst, RL TI Restoring normal blood phosphorus concentrations in hypophosphatemic cattle with sodium phosphate SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheng, YH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 USA SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD APR PY 1998 VL 93 IS 4 BP 383 EP + PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZJ620 UT WOS:000073235000010 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI The environmental consequences of the conservation tillage adoption decision in agriculture in the United States SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; environment; input use; US agriculture ID LOW-INPUT AGRICULTURE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; DEMAND; ERROR; CORN AB The environmental consequences of conservation tillage practices are an important issue concerning the impact of agricultural production on the environment. While it is generally recognized that water runoff and soil erosion will decline as no tillage and mulch tillage systems are used more extensively on cropland, what will happen to pesticide and fertilizer use remains uncertain. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that this dicision is a two step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above average expenditure on pesticides and a below average expenditure on fuel and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting a no tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. C1 Econ Res Serv, Nat Resources & Environm Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Nat Resources & Environm Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD APR PY 1998 VL 103 IS 1-4 BP 9 EP 33 DI 10.1023/A:1004968616527 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA ZC638 UT WOS:000072601600002 ER PT J AU Reid, LM AF Reid, LM TI Calculation of average landslide frequency using climatic records SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Aerial photographs are used to develop a relationship between the number of debris slides generated during a hydrologic event and the size of the event, and the longterm average debris-slide frequency is calculated from climate records using the relation. For a site in California with an average of 8.3 slides km(-2) yr(-1), a sequence of four photo sets (representing 10-15 years, 35-50 observed slides, and 4-6 large storms) is needed to estimate the long-term debris-slide frequency to within 30% of the actual value (p = 0.90). If climatic records are used, a record length of 5-10 years (17-35 observed slides and 2-4 significant storms) is sufficient to provide the same accuracy. The climate-based model suggests that debris-slide frequency changed from approximately 1.6 to 8.3 slides km(-2) yr(-1) during the late 1930s owing to an increased frequency of high-intensity storms. The model accurately predicts the change in slide-scar density observed on sequential aerial photographs following the climatic shift. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 869 EP 877 DI 10.1029/97WR02682 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ZE657 UT WOS:000072816600028 ER PT J AU Schweizer, EE Westra, P Lybecker, DW AF Schweizer, EE Westra, P Lybecker, DW TI Seedbank and emerged annual weed populations in cornfields (Zea mays) in Colorado SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. #(3) SETVI; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; yellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. # SETLU; corn, Zea mays L.; frequency; species richness; survey; Amaranthus retroflexus; Setaria glauca; Setaria viridis; Zea mays; CHEAL; ECHCG; KCHSC; PANMI; SOLSA ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SPATIAL PATTERN-ANALYSIS; CROPS; SOIL; BANK; PARAMETERS; FIELDS AB Fifty irrigated cornfields in five eastern Colorado counties were sampled for their seedbanks and annual weed seedlings and mature populations between 1988 and 1992. Fourteen annual broadleaf species and seven annual grass species were identified in the 50 seedbanks sampled after the fields were tilled in the fall. Redroot pigweed and a mixture of green and yellow foxtail were the weed species encountered most, occurring in 90 and 54% of the fields, respectively. The single-plant populations of broadleaf and grass species in June and September were similar to those observed in the seedbanks. The number of weed species as seeds in the seedbank, June seedlings, and September plants per field ranged from zero to five grass species and zero to eight broadleaf species. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, AERC, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 104GE UT WOS:000075005700007 ER PT J AU Patterson, DT AF Patterson, DT TI Suppression of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) with polyethylene film mulch SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. # CYPRO; methyl bromide alternatives; weed suppression; CYPRO ID ESCULENTUS; SOIL AB In greenhouse experiments, translucent polyethylene film mulches reduced or eliminated purple nutsedge shoot emergence compared to a conventional, opaque, white/black polyethylene film mulch, The translucent mulches reduced purple nutsedge shoot biomass, tuber and rhizome number, and tuber biomass 85-99%. In a nonilluminated growth chamber, purple nutsedge shoots emerging from tubers readily penetrated translucent mulch as well as opaque mulch. Shoots emerging in pots illuminated by a mixture of fluorescent and incandescent lighting failed to penetrate translucent mulch but penetrated the opaque mulch. In field experiments, translucent mulches reduced emergence and growth of purple nutsedge 70-88% compared to opaque mulch, Numbers of viable tubers in the soil were reduced 65-76%, In greenhouse and field experiments, the translucent mulches elevated soil and air space temperatures 4-13 C compared to opaque mulch. However in the growth chamber experiment, air space temperatures were not affected by mulch type, and soil temperatures were only 0.4-0.6 C higher under the translucent mulches. Results suggest that the suppression of nutsedge emergence and growth by translucent mulch cannot be attributed to solarization effects. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Patterson, DT (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Agr, POB 27647, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 104GE UT WOS:000075005700013 ER PT J AU Hanks, JE Beck, JL AF Hanks, JE Beck, JL TI Sensor-controlled hooded sprayer for row crops SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.'Deltapine 3588'; application technology; intermittent spraying; optoelectronic; selective applicator; spectral reflectance; spot spraying; Sorghum halepense; Ipomoea hederacea; Ipomoea lacunosa; Sida spinosa; Cyperus rotundus; CYPRO; IPOHE; IPOLA; SIDSP; SORHA ID WEED AB Methods were developed and evaluated that utilize state of the art weed-sensing technology in row-crop production systems. Spectral differences in green living plants and bare soil allowed 'real-time' weed detection, with intermittent spraying of herbicide only where weeds were present. Sensor units were mounted in 0.7-m-wide hooded sprayers providing sensors with an unobstructed view of the area between soybean rows. Single hood and commercial-size eight-row systems were evaluated, and savings in glyphosate spray solution applied using sensors ranged from 63 to 85%, compared to conventional hooded spray systems with continuous application. Weed control by the sensor-controlled spray system was equal to the conventional system. This technology can significantly reduce herbicide usage and decrease production cost without reducing weed control. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hanks, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 104GE UT WOS:000075005700018 ER PT J AU Masters, RA Nissen, SJ AF Masters, RA Nissen, SJ TI Revegetating leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)-infested rangeland with native tallgrasses SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imazapyr, (+/-)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]- 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; sulfometuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. #(3) EPHFS; big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vitman 'Pawnee' # ANOGE; indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash 'Holt'; switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.'Trailblazer' # PANVI.; biological deversity; prescribed fire; grassland restoration; imazapyr; glyphosate; sulfometuron; native plants; warm-season grasses; cool-season grasses ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA CONTROL; IMAZETHAPYR; HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; IMIDAZOLINONE; PICLORAM; IMAZAPYR; 2,4-D; FATE AB Degradation of great Plains rangelands can be linked to past management practices that reduced native species diversity and accelerated establishment and expansion of exotic weeds and less desirable native species. Leafy spurge is an exotic perennial weed that infests more than 1 million ha in the northern Great Plains and reduces rangeland carrying capacity by competing with desirable forages and causing infested areas to be undesirable to cattle and wildlife. Research was conducted to determine the feasibility of using herbicides to suppress leafy spurge and other resident vegetation, which facilitated planting and establishment of native tallgrasses, Four experiments were conducted where 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg ai/ha imazapyr and 0.1 kg ai/ha sulfometuron were applied alone and in combination and 0.84 kg ai/ha glyphosate was applieci to leafy spurge-infested range sites in fall 1991 near Ainsworth, NE, and in fall 1991, 1992, and 1993 near Ansley, NE. Research areas were burned about 200 d after herbicide application to reduce plant residue. Monoculture stands of big bluestem and switchgrass were then no-till planted in each experiment and indiangrass was no-till planted in experiments initiated at Ansley in 1992 and 1993. Yields of the planted grasses, leafy spurge, and other vegetation were measured in August at each location starting the year after planting. Imazapyr was an essential component of treatments applied before planting to facilitate establishment of highly productive stands of the tallgrasses. Generally, yields were maximized by fall treatments of 0.28 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for big bluestem, 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr for indiangrass, and 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for switchgrass. Yields of the planted grasses were frequently four times greater where these herbicides were applied compared to where glyphosate or no herbicide were applied. Leafy spurge yields were usually reduced in areas where tallgrass yields were greatest. The sequential combination of suppressing vegetation with fall-applied herbicides, burning standing dead plant residue, then no-till planting desirable native tallgrasses in the spring increased productivity of these leafy spurge-infested range sites. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Masters, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 104GE UT WOS:000075005700029 ER PT J AU Young, JA Palmquist, DE Blank, RR AF Young, JA Palmquist, DE Blank, RR TI The ecology and control of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorsulfuron, 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benze nesulfonamide; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; 2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid; perennial pepperweed, Lepidium latifolium L, #(3) LEPLA; wetlands; riparian; noxious weed control; saline/alkaline soils AB Field experiments were conducted for the control of perennial pepperweed with tillage and herbicides. Perennial pepperweed infests a wide range of soils and plant communities. These studies were conducted in native hay meadows, with wild-flooding irrigation and saline/alkaline soils. Such meadows are typical of livestock ranches throughout the Intermountain Area. Tillage with periodic disking over a 2-yr period resulted in no permanent reduction in perennial pepperweed cover. Applications of 2,4-D or glyphosate eliminated perennial pepperweed seed production and greatly reduced top growth but had no permanent influence on cover of the weed by che second season following application. Applications of chlorsulfuron in the spring at flowering, in late summer after hay harvesting, or in the autumn, were effective in suppressing perennial pepperweed for 2 yr or more following application. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 104GE UT WOS:000075005700032 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT Tschernitz, JL AF Simpson, WT Tschernitz, JL TI Effect of thickness variation on warp in high-temperature drying plantation-grown loblolly pine 2 by 4's SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE warp; bow; crook; twist; loblolly pine ID LUMBER AB Currently, an increasing proportion of southern pine dimension lumber comes from plantations; therefore, an increase in grade, value, and volume loss from warp is expected. One factor that has not been fully explored is the effect of lumber thickness variation on warp. The primary objective of this study was to increase quantitative understanding of the effects of thickness variation on crook, bow, and twist during high-temperature kiln-drying of plantation-grown loblolly pine to determine the importance of its control on the development of warp. Plantation-grown, 2 by 4 (nominal 50- by 100-mm) loblolly pine were kiln-dried at high temperature after surfacing them in such a way as to produce certain patterns of thickness variation. One group was not surfaced, i.e., left as mill run. All boards in a second group were surfaced to the same thickness. In a third group, the boards were divided into thirds, and each third surfaced to a different thickness. In this group, boards of the same thickness were stacked in vertical alignment to exaggerate the effect of the thickness variation. The fourth group differed from the third group in that the three thicknesses were randomly placed in the package. The extreme thickness variations did aggravate warp, especially twist. As a result of better sticker contact, thick boards warped less than did thin boards. However, even with perfect sticker contact, a substantial amount of warp developed, indicating that control of thickness variation can reduce but will not eliminate warp. Correlation of warp with board characteristics suggests that boards containing pith warp more than ones without pith, and boards sawn from near the center of the tree warp more than boards farther from the center of the tree. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZG686 UT WOS:000073029200008 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Morrell, JJ AF Winandy, JE Morrell, JJ TI Effects of incising on lumber strength and stiffness: Relationships between incision density and depth, species, and MSR grade SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE incising; preservative; treatment; mechanical properties; lumber; Douglas-fir; Hem-Fir; Spruce-Pine-Fir (South); MSR; grade ID CCA-TREATED LUMBER AB This report describes the relationship of incising-induced strength loss in bending as a function of preservative treatment and incising pattern, density, and depth of penetration for various machine-stress-rated (MSR) grades of full-size 2 by 4 Douglas-fir, Hem-Fir, and Spruce-Pine-Fir (South) dimension lumber. This study may represent a worst-case "incising effects" scenario: although the incising patterns and depths selected for study represent commonly used industrial practices, the incising process itself was performed on dry lumber, which is not the standard practice of the treating industry. As we had expected on the basis of Canadian results, incising affected bending properties, such as modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and work to maximum load. Our results show that the combined incising-preservative effect on mean property values for lumber incised in the dry condition prior to treatment was in the range of a 0 to 10% loss in modulus of elasticity, 15% to 25% loss in modulus of rupture, and 30% to 50% loss in work to maximum load. The effect on properties at the lower end of the distribution, such as the allowable stress design value F-b was equal to or less than that on mean properties for the three species groups evaluated. While these results specifically apply to only MSR-graded standard 38-mm- (nominal 2-inch-) thick lumber and to lumber incised in the dry condition prior to treatment, they do imply that the new U.S. design adjustments for C-i in modulus of elasticity of 0.95 and F-b of 0.85 may not be sufficient for incised and treated material used in dry in-service conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Forest Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 185 EP 197 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZG686 UT WOS:000073029200010 ER PT J AU Huang, K Mohanty, BP Leij, FJ van Genuchten, MT AF Huang, K Mohanty, BP Leij, FJ van Genuchten, MT TI Solution of the nonlinear transport equation using modified Picard iteration SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute; transport; nonlinearity; iteration; numerical method ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; CONSERVATIVE NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW EQUATION; RICHARDS EQUATION; UNSATURATED FLOW; SOIL COLUMNS; GROUNDWATER; MODEL AB The transport and fate of reactive chemicals in groundwater is governed by equations which are often difficult to solve due to the nonlinear relationship between the solute concentrations for the liquid and solid phases. The nonlinearity may cause mass balance errors during the numerical simulation in addition to numerical errors for linear transport system. We have generalized the modified Picard iteration algorithm of Celia et al.(5) for unsaturated flow to solve the nonlinear transport equation. Written in a 'mixed-form' formulation, the total solute concentration is expanded in a Taylor series with respect to the solution concentration to linearize the transport equation, which is then solved with a conventional finite element method. Numerical results of this mixed-form algorithm are compared with those obtained with the concentration-based scheme using conventional Picard iteration. In general, the new solver resulted in negligible mass balance errors (<\10(-8)\%) and required less computational time than the conventional iteration scheme for the test examples, including transport involving highly nonlinear adsorption under steady-state as well as transient flow conditions. In contrast, mass balance errors resulting from the conventional Picard iteration method were higher than 10% for some highly nonlinear problems. Application of the modified Picard iteration scheme to solve the nonlinear transport equation may greatly reduce the mass balance errors and increase computational efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(96)00046-2 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA YR846 UT WOS:000071536800005 ER PT J AU Rossi, JE Goetsch, AL Galloway, DL AF Rossi, JE Goetsch, AL Galloway, DL TI Intake and digestion by Holstein steers consuming different particle size fractions of broiler litter SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; by-products; animal waste; intake; digestibility ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; PARTICULATE MARKERS; FEED-INTAKE; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGE; DIETS; PASSAGE AB Eight Holstein steers (153 +/- 13.6 kg body weight) were used in two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares with 21-day periods to determine effects of separating deep-stacked broiler litter into small and large particle size fractions on feed intake and digestibility. Steers were fed diets with or without two sources of deep-stacked broiler litter (source A: 24% crude protein and 35% neutral detergent fiber; source B: 23% crude protein and 44% neutral detergent fiber). All steers were fed ground corn at approximately 0.5% body weight (dry matter basis). Bermudagrass hay was consumed ad libitum by Control steers (without broiler litter) or at 0.5% body weight (dry matter basis) for treatments with dietary broiler litter. Broiler litter was consumed ad libitum without separation (whole; W) or after separation (l-mm screen aperture) into small(S; 27 and 33% crude protein for A and B, respectively) and large (L; 22 and 18% crude protein for A and B. respectively) particle size fractions. Organic matter intake was increased (P = 0.06) by dietary inclusion of broiler liner (4.55, 4.56, 4.63, 4.73, 4.24, 5.18, 4.74 and 4.59 kg day(-1) for Control-A, W-A, S-A, L-A, Control-B, W-B, S-B and L-B, respectively; SE 0.229). Total tract organic matter digestibility was greater (P = 0.08) for broiler litter source A than for B (57.4, 57.8, 54.9, 57.6, 56.5, 48.4, 46.9 and 54.8%; SE 3.83), and digestible organic matter intake tended (P = 0.11) to be greater for source A (2.56, 2.64, 2.54, 2.72, 2.36, 2.51, 2.16 and 2.58 kg day(-1) for Control-A, W-A, S-A, L-A, Control-B, W-B, S-B and L-B, respectively; SE 0.166). in conclusion, separating deep-stacked broiler litter into two particle size fractions did not alter feeding value as assessed by digestible organic matter intake by growing steers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00125-9 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZK960 UT WOS:000073384900013 ER PT J AU Hsiao, C Jacobs, SWL Barker, NP Chatterton, NJ AF Hsiao, C Jacobs, SWL Barker, NP Chatterton, NJ TI A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Arundinoideae (Poaceae) based on sequences of rDNA SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GRASS FAMILY POACEAE; SYSTEMATICS; DNA; GRAMINEAE; GENE AB Phylogenetic relationships of the whole Poaceae family inferred from the sequence data of rDNA (ITS) support the hypothesis that the arundinoids are monophyletic, not polyphyletic as previously proposed. The ITS sequence phylogeny of 42 arundinoid species demonstrates an early divergence of the Aristideae and three major groupings, corresponding loosely to the tribes Aristideae, Arundineae and Danthonieae. The Arundineae are resolved into two paraphyletic clades. In one clade, Arundo, Monachather, and Dregeochloa are the sister group to Amphipogon and Diplopogon. In the other clade, Phragmites, Molinia, Gynerium, Thysanolaena, Spartochloa, and Cyperochloa are the sister group to Eriachne and Micraira. Arundo is not closely related to Phragmites. The Danthonieae clade, including taxa from Africa, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, the South American Cortaderia, and the North American Danthonia, appears to be monophyletic. However, the genus Merxmuellera is polyphyletic. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Rhodes Univ, Dept Bot, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Jacobs, SWL (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1071/SB97001 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA ZG154 UT WOS:000072971700005 ER PT J AU van de Loo, FJ Salvucci, ME AF van de Loo, FJ Salvucci, ME TI Involvement of two aspartate residues of rubisco activase in coordination of the ATP gamma-phosphate and subunit cooperativity SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ADENYLATE KINASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; BINDING DOMAIN; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM; F1-ATPASE; HYDROLYSIS AB Aspartate residues are involved in coordination of the nucleotide-metal of several nucleotide triphosphatases. To examine interactions between Rubisco activase and ATP, site-directed mutations were made at two species-invariant aspartate residues, D174 and D231. In the absence of the magnesium cofactor, the mutant proteins D231R, D174Q, and D174A, but not D174E, bound ATP with higher affinity than did wild-type. In the presence of Mg2+, the affinity for ATP of D231R was further increased, but was reduced with mutations at D174. Although all mutants bound ATP, only D174E aggregated in response to ATP/Mg2+ and retained partial ATPase and Rubisco activation activities. In mixing experiments, the catalytically competent D174E stimulated wild-type ATPase activity, whereas the mutants lacking ATPase activity were inhibitory to wild-type enzyme and prevented aggregation. These results are consistent with a mechanism for activase that involves ATP-binding, subunit aggregation and ATP hydrolysis as sequential steps in the catalytic mechanism. The results also indicated that precise coordination of the gamma-phosphate is required for aggregation and depends on D174 and D231. To account for the pronounced cooperativity of Rubisco activase subunits, we suggest that coordination of the ATP gamma-phosphate may involve participation of residues from adjacent subunits. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. EM mesalvu@ix.netcom.com NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 13 BP 4621 EP 4625 DI 10.1021/bi972566e PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZG874 UT WOS:000073048700034 PM 9521782 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Sexton, WT Malone, CR AF Szaro, RC Sexton, WT Malone, CR TI The emergence of ecosystem management as a tool for meeting people's needs and sustaining ecosystems SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Editorial Material DE ecosystem management; socioeconomics; objectives; multiple-scales AB Ecosystem management is an approach that attempts to involve all stakeholders in defining sustainable alternatives for the interactions of people and the environments in which they live. Its goal is to restore and sustain the health, productivity, and biodiversity of ecosystems and the overall quality of life through a natural resource management approach that is fully integrated with social and economic needs. For practical purposes, ecosystem management is generally synonymous with sustainable development, sustainable management, sustainable forestry and a number of other terms being used to identify an ecological approach to land and resource management. Ecosystem management emphasizes place-or region-based objectives, with scopes and approaches defined appropriately for each given situation. Because natural ecosystems typically cross administrative and jurisdictional boundaries, managing them requires interactions among different stakeholders and institutions. Ecosystem management remains an evolving force that must yet respond and adapt to numerous challenges. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Nucl Waste Project Off, Carson City, NV 89710 USA. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), Int Union Forestry Res Org, Special Programme Dev Countries, Seckendorff Gudent Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00093-5 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800001 ER PT J AU Stein, SMH Gelburd, D AF Stein, SMH Gelburd, D TI Healthy ecosystems and sustainable economies: the federal interagency ecosystem management initiative SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem; ecosystem management; ecosystem approach; United States AB This article provides an overview of the process used by about 20 agencies of the United States federal government to review federal efforts to adopt an ecosystem approach and to recommend ways to strengthen this approach. The method utilized by these agencies was to form a Working Group representing each agency and to select seven case study sites where federal agencies were already working together to coordinate their efforts across an ecosystem. Based upon the results of the case studies and discussions with people involved in other ecosystem efforts, the Working Group identified key issues that need to be considered in order to strengthen this approach. Five issue groups were formed to further refine these issues and to make recommendations for effectively dealing with them. This paper provides brief descriptions of the case study sites, reviews the key issues and presents highlights of recommendations. It is the work of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of their respective federal agencies or of the Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stein, SMH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00099-6 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800007 ER PT J AU Lessard, G AF Lessard, G TI An adaptive approach to planning and decision-making SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; decision-making; assessment; scenario planning AB A formal process of adaptive management will be required to maximize the benefits of any option for land and natural resource management and to achieve long-term objectives through implementation of ecosystem management. The process itself is straightforward and simple: new information is identified, evaluated, and a determination is made whether to adjust strategy or goals. While relatively straightforward, applying the concept of adaptive management to complex management strategies requires answers to several critical questions. What new information should compel an adjustment to the management strategy? What threshold should trigger this adjustment? Who decides when and how to make adjustments? What are the definitions and thresholds of acceptable results? Adaptive ecosystem management depends on a continually evolving understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in both biological and social systems. Planning for and adapting to surprise will provide an actionary rather than a reactionary basis for more informed decisions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Lessard, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. EM gene.lessard/wo@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00100-X PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800008 ER PT J AU Szaro, RC Berc, J Cameron, S Cordle, S Crosby, M Martin, L Norton, D O'Malley, R Ruark, G AF Szaro, RC Berc, J Cameron, S Cordle, S Crosby, M Martin, L Norton, D O'Malley, R Ruark, G TI The ecosystem approach: science and information management issues, gaps and needs SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecological approach; information management; role of science AB Changing public expectations and increased public involvement have challenged traditional management policies and practices. And with these challenges, the need for scientific information as a foundation for resource management decisions continues to increase dramatically especially when policy and management decisions are highly dependent on the quality and quantity of the available information and science. To facilitate this, the interface between social, economic, physical-biological, and ecological models must be improved. New and existing research results have to be assembled and formatted into packages that are usable by managers and decision-makers so that they are able to reasonably predict the future condition of resources resulting from management options. This study identified several key gaps in the science base needed for the implementation of ecosystem management including: ecology on multiple scales, multiple species science, monitoring and evaluation, 'benchmarks' of ecosystem condition, socioeconomic sciences and valuation, human dimensions of natural resource use, ecological restoration technology development, quantifying uncertainty and assessing risk, modeling, and the adaptive management process. However, the major lessons learned through this study are that, whereas it may be important to identify key scientific gaps, the barriers and their solutions may be more social or institutional than scientific in nature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. John Hansen Business Ctr, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Off Management & Budget, Nat Resource Div, Washington, DC 20503 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessments 8601, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Water Resources Support Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. US EPA, Off Wetlands Oceans & Watersheds 4503F, Assessment & Watershed Protect Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20240 USA. Execut Off President, Environm Div, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20500 USA. RP Szaro, RC (reprint author), Int Union Forestry Res Org IUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, Seckendorff Guden Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00101-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800009 ER PT J AU Sexton, WT AF Sexton, WT TI Ecosystem management: expanding the resource management 'tool kit' SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; ecological approach; resource management AB Ecosystem management can be thought of as the minimum set of tools a land manager should have available in attempting to define sustainable alternatives for the interactions of people and the environment. It is a term that specifically refers to a process or set of activities for addressing resource management, not a prescribed outcome. As a pre-decisional process, ecosystem management amends and expands the resource management tool kit that field-level professionals rely on to understand and manage lands and resources in an ecological context. The focus of this paper is to highlight the activities in the ecosystem management 'tool kit' that are common for many agencies and organizations. Natural resources exist within certain limits and capacities. Humans are faced with difficult choices in determining how they will interact with the environment to provide for essential materials and services and maintain a healthy environment. The approach does not necessarily make hard choices any easier. The ecosystem management tool kit does support making difficult choices in the most informed and professional manner possible. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Sexton, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00102-3 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800010 ER PT J AU Kennedy, JJ Quigley, TM AF Kennedy, JJ Quigley, TM TI Evolution of USDA Forest Service organizational culture and adaptation issues in embracing an ecosystem management paradigm SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE natural resource or environmental values; natural resource or environmental policy; environmental management; professional subcultures AB This paper examines how the USDA Forest Service (USFS) adapted to the changing needs of American society in its industrial (about 1900-1969) and post-industrial (1970 up to present) stages of socio-economic development. Several marker events in Forest Service adaptation to a post-industrial American society are examined (e.g., Bitterroot clearcutting controversy). These events illustrate American cultural changes that have moved the agency toward its current 'ecosystem management' era of organizational evolution. Shifts and trends in agency values, policies, structures and operation to embrace and implement ecosystem management are examined. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Expt Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Kennedy, JJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00103-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800011 ER PT J AU Loeb, SC Lennartz, MR Szaro, RC AF Loeb, SC Lennartz, MR Szaro, RC TI The role of fish, wildlife and plant research in ecosystem management SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; adaptive management; fish, wildlife and plant research ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPES; FORESTS AB This paper examines the concepts of ecology, ecosystems, and ecosystem management and then further examines the role of fish, wildlife, and plant ecology research in ecosystem management, past, present, and future. it is often assumed that research in support of ecosystem management will entail comprehensive studies of entire ecosystems whereas research programs that focus on one species do not constitute ecosystem management level research. The supposed dichotomy between single species and ecosystem level approaches has been the focus of considerable debate. However, this is a false dichotomy and ecosystem studies and single-species studies simply represent two ends of a spectrum of approaches for understanding ecological processes. Given that the level of scientific investigation (e.g., individual species, community, or ecosystem) does not differentiate ecosystem management research from more traditional approaches, what are the distinguishing features? Ecosystem management research is broader in scope than more traditional ecological studies. A greater emphasis is also placed on integrating results of various studies and programs to understand larger scale interactions and the structure and function of ecosystems. Model building also plays a greater role in ecosystem management research efforts as a means of not only understanding ecosystem processes but also as a means of generating hypotheses. Although the primary responsibilities of research and management are different, there is much room for interaction and integration of functions. Consequently, adaptive management has become an important part of ecosystem management and will likely become a larger part of basic research programs. However, adaptive management experiments should not be the endpoint. Instead, results from adaptive management studies should be used to generate hypotheses that can be tested with more traditional and rigorous scientific methods. As managers begin to deal at larger spatial and longer temporal scales changes in the end-products of research will be necessary. The task of assessing present as well as future conditions will greatly increase the need for user-friendly analytical tools (e.g., simulation models) that allow managers to visualize conditions on a large scale. A balance of adaptive management and traditional experimental designs will ultimately lead to better models of management. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, SE Forest Expt Stn,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, SE Forest Expt Stn,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@clemson.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00105-9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800013 ER PT J AU Sexton, WT Szaro, RC AF Sexton, WT Szaro, RC TI Implementing ecosystem management: using multiple boundaries for organizing information SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; ecological classification AB Implementing ecosystem management requires learning to work with multiple factors, at multiple scales, using multiple boundaries and borders for organizing information. Traditional approaches often oversimplified information collection and analyses by relying on a limited set of classifications and information constructs. Experience has consistently shown that attempting to constrain analyses and assessments to one or a few organizing systems and related boundaries results in less than satisfactory information to support an ecological approach. Debates over which boundaries or borders are best and should therefore be the organizing device for ecosystem management are not useful or constructive. A more useful question is which set ecological approaches and their related boundaries provide the best information to address the resource issues at a particular time and place. Multiple boundaries, scales and factors increase the complexity of ecosystem management but also represent an essential component for improved understanding of the sustainable management of lands and resources. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Sexton, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00109-6 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800017 ER PT J AU Sexton, WT Dull, CW Szaro, RC AF Sexton, WT Dull, CW Szaro, RC TI Implementing ecosystem management: a framework for remotely sensed information at multiple scales SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem management; scale; remote sensing; ecological approach AB Many of the common 'tools' for developing information and implementing activities for ecosystem management are based on a multi-scale framework. This paper highlights the major elements of scale and level associated with an ecosystem management approach from two differing perspectives. The first summarizes a general framework for concepts recognizing multiple scales in four specific dimensions: biological, temporal, social and spatial. The second summarizes a current partnership among several US Government agencies to utilize remote sensing technologies as a common basis for the development of certain types of scale-dependent information for ecosystem management. Scale and level in ecological contexts are recognized as continuous variables, highly related to the landscapes, features and relationships of a particular situation, as well. as the specific interests of the observer. An initial simplification of scale, as related to remotely sensed data, to support the continuing evolution of ecosystem management is a necessary step in developing common understanding and information across large areas. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Sexton, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD MAR 31 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00110-2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ZV370 UT WOS:000074297800018 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Domier, LL McCoppin, NK D'Arcy, CJ Jin, H AF Moon, JS Domier, LL McCoppin, NK D'Arcy, CJ Jin, H TI Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that Rhopalosiphum padi virus is a member of a novel group of insect-infecting RNA viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING SITES; CRICKET PARALYSIS VIRUS; RIBOSOMAL ENTRY SITE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; DISEASE VIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS; POLYPROTEIN; TRANSLATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) is an aphid virus that has been considered a member of the Picornaviridae based on physicochemical properties. The 10,011-nt polyadenylated RNA genome of RhPV was completely sequenced, Analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFs). The predicted amino acid sequence of ORF1, representing the first 6600 ne of the RhPV genome, showed significant similarity to the nonstructural proteins of several plant and animal RNA viruses. Direct sequence analysis of the RhPV capsid proteins showed that ORF2, which represents the last 2900 nt, encodes the three structural proteins (28, 29, and 30 kDa). The predicted amino acid sequence of ORF2 is Very similar to the corresponding regions of Drosophila C virus, Plautia stali intestine virus, and to a partial sequence from the 3' end of the cricket paralysis virus genome. The sire Of initiation of protein synthesis for ORF2 could not be determined from the amino acid and nucleotide sequences. ORF1 is preceded by 579 nt of noncoding RNA and the two ORFs are separated by more than 500 nt of noncoding RNA. Like picornaviruses, these regions may function to facilitate the cap-independent initiation of translation of the two ORFs. These data suggest that RhPV, Drosophila C virus, Plautia stali intestine virus, and probably cricket paralysis virus are members of a unique group of small RNA viruses that infect primarily insects. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM l-domier@uiuc.edu NR 55 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 1998 VL 243 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9043 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZF672 UT WOS:000072920500006 PM 9527915 ER PT J AU Brattstrom, L Landgren, F Israelsson, B Lindgren, A Hultberg, B Andersson, A Cuskelly, G McNulty, H Strain, SS McPartlin, J Weir, DG Scott, JM den Heijer, M Brouwer, IA Blom, HJ Bos, GMJ Spaans, A Rosendaal, FR Thomas, CMG Haak, HL Wijermans, PW Gerrits, WBJ Naurath, HJ Joosten, E Riezler, R Stabler, SP Allen, RH Lindenbaum, J Pietrzik, K Prinz-Langenohl, R Dierkes, J Saltzman, E Mason, JB Jacques, P Selhub, J Salem, D Schaefer, E Rosenberg, IH Ubbink, J van der Mere, A Vermack, WJH Delport, R Becker, PJ Potgieter, HC Woodside, JV Yarnell, JWG McMaster, D Young, IS McCrum, EE Patterson, SS Gey, KF Evans, AE Clarke, R Appleby, P Harding, P Sherliker, P Collins, R Frost, C Leroy, V AF Brattstrom, L Landgren, F Israelsson, B Lindgren, A Hultberg, B Andersson, A Cuskelly, G McNulty, H Strain, SS McPartlin, J Weir, DG Scott, JM den Heijer, M Brouwer, IA Blom, HJ Bos, GMJ Spaans, A Rosendaal, FR Thomas, CMG Haak, HL Wijermans, PW Gerrits, WBJ Naurath, HJ Joosten, E Riezler, R Stabler, SP Allen, RH Lindenbaum, J Pietrzik, K Prinz-Langenohl, R Dierkes, J Saltzman, E Mason, JB Jacques, P Selhub, J Salem, D Schaefer, E Rosenberg, IH Ubbink, J van der Mere, A Vermack, WJH Delport, R Becker, PJ Potgieter, HC Woodside, JV Yarnell, JWG McMaster, D Young, IS McCrum, EE Patterson, SS Gey, KF Evans, AE Clarke, R Appleby, P Harding, P Sherliker, P Collins, R Frost, C Leroy, V CA Homocysteine Lower Trial Collaborat TI Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY POPULATION; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; RISK FACTOR; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; PRAVASTATIN AB Objective: To determine the size of reduction in homocysteine concentrations produced by dietary supplementation with folic acid and with vitamins B-12 or B-6. Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of folic acid based supplements on blood homocysteine concentrations. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the effects on homocysteine concentrations of different doses of folic acid and of the addition of vitamin B-12 or B-6. Subjects: Individual data on 1114 people included in 12 trials. Findings: The proportional and absolute reductions in blood homocysteine produced by folic acid supplements were greater at higher pretreatment blood homocysteine concentrations (P < 0.001) and at lower pretreament blood folate concentrations (P < 0.001). After standardisation to pretreatment blood concentrations of homocysteine of 12 mu mol/l and of folate of 12 nmol/l (approximate average concentrations for Western populations), dietary folic acid reduced blood homocysteine concentrations by 25% (95% confidence interval 23% to 28%; P < 0.001), with similar effects in the range of 0.5-5 mg folic acid daily, Vitamin B-12 (mean 0.5 mg daily) produced an additional 7% (3% to 10%) reduction in blood homocysteine, Vitamin B-6 (mean 16.5 mg daily) did not have a significant additional effect. Conclusions: Typically in Western populations, daily supplementation with both 0.5-5 mg folic acid and about 0.5 mg vitamin B-12 would be expected to reduce blood homocysteine concentrations by about a quarter to a third (for example, from about 12 mu mol/l to 8-9 mu mol/l). Large scale randomised trials of such regimens in high risk populations are now needed to determine whether lowering blood homocysteine concentrations reduces the risk of vascular disease. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Homocysteine Lowering Trialists Collaborat, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Univ Lund, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Trinity Coll, Dublin, Ireland. Leyenburg Hosp, The Hague, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Witten Herdecke, Witten, Germany. Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Med Stat Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Clarke, R (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Homocysteine Lowering Trialists Collaborat, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. EM robert.clarke@ctsu.ox.ac.uk RI Delport, Rhena/I-4614-2014; Thomas, C.M.G./L-4687-2015; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013 OI Delport, Rhena/0000-0002-6274-0923; Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616 NR 32 TC 696 Z9 714 U1 2 U2 20 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 21 PY 1998 VL 316 IS 7135 BP 894 EP 898 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZD691 UT WOS:000072713300026 ER PT J AU Yang, S Liu, X Tyree, MT AF Yang, S Liu, X Tyree, MT TI A model of stomatal conductance in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER RELATIONS; PLANT; TRANSPIRATION; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; HUMIDITY; LEAVES; LIGHT AB A model was developed to describe stomatal conductance as a function of photosynthetically active radiation, leaf water potential, leaf temperature, vapor pressure difference (leaf interior minus leaf surface) in Acer saccharum Marsh. The model used a multiplicative approach and used a new method for determining the functional dependence of stomatal conductance on individual variables. The functions: (1) were expressed using a linear spline technique; (2) were constrained by very general mechanisms of stomatal action rather than specific analytical equations; and (3) were directly determined from data measured in the field. The spline functions were fit by least square estimation applied to data under uncontrolled field conditions. This is in contrast to the normal method of measuring functions from experiments conducted under controlled conditions. The data used for spline fitting were obtained in the field from more than 40 detached branches on about 30 days during various weather conditions throughout two summers (1990 and 1992). Our model predicted nearly 80% of the observed variation in leaf stomatal conductance and 90% of the variation in transpiration for leaves on mature trees and on excised branches when leaf water potential was > -2 MPa. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAR 21 PY 1998 VL 191 IS 2 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0583 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA ZM808 UT WOS:000073577900007 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S AF Baldwin, RL McLeod, KR Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S TI Influence of chlortetracycline and dietary protein level on plasma somatomedin-C concentration, performance, visceral organ mass, and carcass merit of growing beef steers. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4931 BP A851 EP A851 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501314 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Anderson, RA Evans, WJ Campbell, WW AF Bhathena, SJ Anderson, RA Evans, WJ Campbell, WW TI Effect of chromium supplementation and resistance training on steroid hormones in older men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Geriatr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 6010 BP A1039 EP A1039 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502393 ER PT J AU Cao, G Shuckitt-Hale, B Bickford, PC Joseph, JA Prior, RL AF Cao, G Shuckitt-Hale, B Bickford, PC Joseph, JA Prior, RL TI Lung oxygen toxicity in rats is characterized by alteration in oxygen radical absorbance capacity and alleviated by blueberry supplementation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4722 BP A815 EP A815 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501105 ER PT J AU Caperna, TJ Talbot, NC AF Caperna, TJ Talbot, NC TI Long-term culture of adult porcine hepatocytes that display either parenchymal or bile duct morphology and phenotype. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3679 BP A633 EP A633 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500065 ER PT J AU Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK Lamon-Fava, S Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ AF Carrasco, WV Lichtenstein, AH Welty, FK Lamon-Fava, S Dolnikowski, G Schaefer, EJ TI Restriction of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol results in decreased HDL apolipoprotein (apo)AI secretion rate (SR) in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4732 BP A816 EP A816 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501115 ER PT J AU Chanmugam, P Morton, J Guthrie, J AF Chanmugam, P Morton, J Guthrie, J TI Reported changes in energy and fat intakes in adults and their food group sources SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4887 BP A844 EP A844 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501272 ER PT J AU Chun, L Wang, XD Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Chun, L Wang, XD Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Keratinized squamous epithelium and down-regulated RAR beta gene expression in the lung of cigarette smoke exposed ferret after beta-carotene supplementation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4962 BP A857 EP A857 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501347 ER PT J AU Croll, DH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Croll, DH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI De Novo cholesterol synthesis unchanged in corn oil or tallow diets supplemented with cholesterol. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Regis Coll, Weston, MA 02193 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4733 BP A817 EP A817 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501116 ER PT J AU Cross, NA Shetty, G Nordstrom, JW Davis, CA Kramer, TR AF Cross, NA Shetty, G Nordstrom, JW Davis, CA Kramer, TR TI Effects of mixed-carotenoid supplementation on plasma carotene levels and T-lymphocyte immune-competence in elderly black women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lincoln Univ, Dept Agr, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Nutr & Diet, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4963 BP A857 EP A857 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501345 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Reeds, PJ Jahoor, F Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Nguyen, HV Wray-Cahen, D Beckett, PR AF Davis, TA Reeds, PJ Jahoor, F Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Nguyen, HV Wray-Cahen, D Beckett, PR TI Differential effects of insulin on whole body protein turnover and tissue protein synthesis in neonates. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5605 BP A968 EP A968 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501988 ER PT J AU Deyhim, M Moser-Velllon, PB Gossage, C Douglass, L Kramer, TR AF Deyhim, M Moser-Velllon, PB Gossage, C Douglass, L Kramer, TR TI Effect of beta-carotene supplementation and lactation on carotenoid metabolism and lymphocyte proliferation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Dep Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4913 BP A848 EP A848 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501294 ER PT J AU During, A Albaugh, G Fields, M Lewis, C Smith, JC AF During, A Albaugh, G Fields, M Lewis, C Smith, JC TI beta-carotene conversion to retinal is associated with copper and/or iron levels in rat small intestine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5604 BP A967 EP A967 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501987 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Wong, WW AF Ellis, KJ Wong, WW TI Total body, extracellular, and intracellular water measurements in children: Comparison of deuterium and bromine dilution with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3782 BP A651 EP A651 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500166 ER PT J AU Finley, J Davis, C Feng, Y AF Finley, J Davis, C Feng, Y TI Nutritional bioavailability of selenium in broccoli. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4772 BP A823 EP A823 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501154 ER PT J AU Fiorotto, ML Delaughter, MC Schwartz, RJ AF Fiorotto, ML Delaughter, MC Schwartz, RJ TI Skeletal muscle growth in transgenic mice with muscle-specific overexpression of IGF-I. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, CNRC, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, CNRC, Dept Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5510 BP A951 EP A951 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501894 ER PT J AU Fleet, JC Bradley, J Wood, RJ AF Fleet, JC Bradley, J Wood, RJ TI Further support for specific regulation of calcium transport by 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D-3 in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5900 BP A1020 EP A1020 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502283 ER PT J AU Fleming, D Jacques, P Wilson, P Wood, R AF Fleming, D Jacques, P Wilson, P Wood, R TI Heme and supplemental iron intake increase the risk of high iron stores in a free-living elderly population: The Framingham heart study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4758 BP A821 EP A821 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501143 ER PT J AU Giahn, RP Lee, OA Yeung, A Miller, DD AF Giahn, RP Lee, OA Yeung, A Miller, DD TI Ferritin formation by Caco-2 cells predicts iron availability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4892 BP A845 EP A845 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501275 ER PT J AU Greenwald, RJ Chen, SJ Nguyen, D Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Greenwald, RJ Chen, SJ Nguyen, D Urban, JF Gause, WC TI CTLA-4 may deliver a positive T cell costimulatory signal at the initiation of a Th2 immune response in vivo SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 6128 BP A1059 EP A1059 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502511 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Trivers, KF AF Hadsell, DL Trivers, KF TI Regulation of milk protein mRNAs by glucose. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3689 BP A634 EP A634 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500073 ER PT J AU Halpner, A Belmont, C Handelman, G Blumberg, JB AF Halpner, A Belmont, C Handelman, G Blumberg, JB TI Oxidant-induced loss of vitamin C and vitamin E in primary rat hepatocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4720 BP A814 EP A814 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501101 ER PT J AU Han, O Fleet, JC Wood, RJ AF Han, O Fleet, JC Wood, RJ TI Reciprocal regulation of HFE and NRAMP2 gene expression by iron in human intestinal cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4753 BP A820 EP A820 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501135 ER PT J AU Han, SN Wu, D Ha, WK Smith, DE Beharka, A Wang, H Bender, BS Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Wu, D Ha, WK Smith, DE Beharka, A Wang, H Bender, BS Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E (E) supplementation increases splenocyte IL-2 and IFN-gamma production of old mice infected with influenza virus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4746 BP A819 EP A819 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501131 ER PT J AU Higbee, DR Hausman, DB Hausman, GJ Kras, KM Martin, RJ AF Higbee, DR Hausman, DB Hausman, GJ Kras, KM Martin, RJ TI Development of a new technique for quantifying total cell number in adipose tissue. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5009 BP A865 EP A865 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501393 ER PT J AU Hinds, T Knight, K Scholfield, D Hallfrisch, J Mazariegos, M Solomons, N AF Hinds, T Knight, K Scholfield, D Hallfrisch, J Mazariegos, M Solomons, N TI Homocysteinemia in rural and semi-rural guatemalan adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3980 BP A686 EP A686 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500365 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KK Gebbink, M D'Amore, PA AF Hirschi, KK Gebbink, M D'Amore, PA TI Retinoid regulation of vascular cell matrix, growth and differentiation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3883 BP A669 EP A669 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500269 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Zito, CA AF Hunt, JR Zito, CA TI Iron absorption adapts to dietary iron bioavailability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4757 BP A821 EP A821 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501140 ER PT J AU Ikeda, T Blumberg, JB Jones, LR Morad, M Suzuki, YJ AF Ikeda, T Blumberg, JB Jones, LR Morad, M Suzuki, YJ TI Interaction between redox- and, calcium-signaling in cardiac muscle. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4313 BP A744 EP A744 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500699 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Shuckitt-Hale, B Denisova, NA Prior, R Cao, G Bickford, PC AF Joseph, JA Shuckitt-Hale, B Denisova, NA Prior, R Cao, G Bickford, PC TI Strawberry, spinach or vitamin E supplementation retards age-related CNS and cognitive behavioral changes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5087 BP A878 EP A878 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501470 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ Banunk, A Xie, J AF Kehayias, JJ Banunk, A Xie, J TI Use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for body composition assessment: Effect of scanning mode and body thickness. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4854 BP A838 EP A838 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501239 ER PT J AU Kelley, D Taylor, PC Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE AF Kelley, D Taylor, PC Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE TI Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and immuncompetence in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5066 BP A875 EP A875 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501451 ER PT J AU Kellman, MF Urban, JF Chen, S Greenwald, RJ Nguyen, D Gause, WC AF Kellman, MF Urban, JF Chen, S Greenwald, RJ Nguyen, D Gause, WC TI The systemic but not mucosal Th2 response to H-polygyrus is impaired in CD28KO mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 6193 BP A1070 EP A1070 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502576 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Yeum, KJ Paiva, SAR Lee-Kim, YC Russell, RM AF Lee, KS Yeum, KJ Paiva, SAR Lee-Kim, YC Russell, RM TI Endogenous carotenoid concentrations in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of gastric cancer patients SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yonsei Univ, Sch Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UNESP, Fac Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4959 BP A856 EP A856 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501340 ER PT J AU Lee, OA Miller, DD Glahn, RP AF Lee, OA Miller, DD Glahn, RP TI Determination of optimal ascorbic acid to Fe ratio in commercial infant rice cereal. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4893 BP A845 EP A845 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501278 ER PT J AU Levander, OA Morris, VC Beck, MA AF Levander, OA Morris, VC Beck, MA TI Dietary iron overload stimulates conversion of a benign coxsackievirus (CVB3/0) to virulence in vitamin E deficient (-E) mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4897 BP A845 EP A845 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501280 ER PT J AU Lewis, AJ Dauncey, MJ Wester, TJ Burrin, DG AF Lewis, AJ Dauncey, MJ Wester, TJ Burrin, DG TI Exogenous growth hormone (GH) modulates gene expression in neonatal pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Babraham Inst, Cambridge CB2 4AT, England. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4936 BP A852 EP A852 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501317 ER PT J AU Martin, KR Meydani, M AF Martin, KR Meydani, M TI Effect of gamma (gamma-T) and alpha- (alpha-T) tocopherol on adhesion molecule expression and prostaglandin (PG) production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3827 BP A659 EP A659 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500211 ER PT J AU McLeod, KR Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Baldwin, RL AF McLeod, KR Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S Baldwin, RL TI Chlortetracycline affects plasma growth hormone and thyroid hormones in beef steers after challenge with thyrotropin releasing hormone plus growth hormone releasing hormone. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4932 BP A852 EP A852 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501315 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Wu, D Hayek, MG Martin, KR Meydani, SN AF Meydani, M Wu, D Hayek, MG Martin, KR Meydani, SN TI Effect of vitamin E (E) supplementation on plasma E and immune response of young and old beagle dogs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Iams Co, Lewisburg, OH 45338 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4866 BP A840 EP A840 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501251 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Barker, B Rosenbrough, RW AF Mitchell, AD Barker, B Rosenbrough, RW TI A comparative study of the use of DXA and TOBEC for small animal body composition measurements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3785 BP A651 EP A651 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500170 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, A Borrud, L Mickle, S Goldman, J Kott, P AF Moshfegh, A Borrud, L Mickle, S Goldman, J Kott, P TI Shifts in food intakes by the US population and implications for dietary status. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4882 BP A843 EP A843 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501264 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Nichols, VN Avery, S Quaroni, A Sterchi, EE Carrazza, FR AF Nichols, BL Nichols, VN Avery, S Quaroni, A Sterchi, EE Carrazza, FR TI Epigenetic suppression of maltase expression and activity in malnourished infants with poor responses to refeeding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Crianca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4712 BP A813 EP A813 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501095 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Yang, DX Abrams, SA AF O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Yang, DX Abrams, SA TI Maternal iron status influences iron transfer to the fetus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, CNRC, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4900 BP A846 EP A846 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501282 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Sandstead, HH Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Chen, XC Li, JS Yang, JJ Zhao, FJ AF Penland, JG Sandstead, HH Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Chen, XC Li, JS Yang, JJ Zhao, FJ TI Zinc and micronutrients affect cognitive and psychomotor function of rural Chinese children. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Qingdao Med Coll, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. 3rd Mil Med Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China. 2nd Mil Med Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3770 BP A649 EP A649 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500154 ER PT J AU Prakash, P Russell, RM Krinsky, NI AF Prakash, P Russell, RM Krinsky, NI TI In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4811 BP A830 EP A830 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501193 ER PT J AU Prapong, S Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL AF Prapong, S Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL TI Up-regulation of Ca-ATPase isotypes and 24-hydroxylase in bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 6001 BP A1037 EP A1037 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502383 ER PT J AU Prelack, K Stamatelatos, IE Yu, YM Sheridan, RL Dwyer, J Kehavias, JJ AF Prelack, K Stamatelatos, IE Yu, YM Sheridan, RL Dwyer, J Kehavias, JJ TI Nutritional assessment in critically ill children: Plasma bromide analysis by neutron activation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Shriners Hosp Crippled Children, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3788 BP A652 EP A652 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500172 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Booth, SL Sadowski, JA AF Prior, RL Cao, G Booth, SL Sadowski, JA TI Increased plasma antioxidant capacity with consumption of diets high in fruits and vegetables. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4723 BP A815 EP A815 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501108 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA AF Reinhardt, TA TI Ca2+-ATPase's and their expression in the mammary gland of pregnant and lactating rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 6000 BP A1037 EP A1037 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502385 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Caperna, TJ McMurtry, JP AF Richards, MP Caperna, TJ McMurtry, JP TI Development of a polyclonal peptide antiserum for the universal detection of leptin. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4840 BP A835 EP A835 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501223 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Simmon, FA AF Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Simmon, FA TI Neutralization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in serum-free cultures of porcine stromal-vascular cells increases adipocyte differentiation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4934 BP A852 EP A852 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501316 ER PT J AU Santos, MS Lichtenstein, AH Leka, LS Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN AF Santos, MS Lichtenstein, AH Leka, LS Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN TI Immunological effects of low-fat diets with and without weight loss. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5043 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501425 ER PT J AU Schoene, NW Guidry, CA AF Schoene, NW Guidry, CA TI Soy isoflavones fed to rats reduce thrombotic tendency of platelets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Req & Func Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3811 BP A656 EP A656 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500197 ER PT J AU Seale, JL AF Seale, JL TI Comparison of work performed to energy expended in a room calorimeter during exercise. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3799 BP A654 EP A654 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500183 ER PT J AU Seman, LJ El-Swefy, S El-Sweidy, M Schaefer, EJ Smith, D Ordovas, JM Meydani, M AF Seman, LJ El-Swefy, S El-Sweidy, M Schaefer, EJ Smith, D Ordovas, JM Meydani, M TI Dietary vitamin E, probucol and lovastatin reduce susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to lipid peroxidation in diabetic hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5826 BP A1007 EP A1007 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502208 ER PT J AU Serafini, M Wu, D Beharka, A Martin, KR Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Serafini, M Wu, D Beharka, A Martin, KR Meydani, M Meydani, SN TI Effect of different forms of vitamin E (E) on prostaglandin (PG)E-2 production and in vitro T cell proliferation of old mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3828 BP A659 EP A659 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500214 ER PT J AU Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC AF Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC TI Regulation of 24-hydroxylase by 1,25 (OH)(2) vitamin D-3 and its relation to calcium transport in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5899 BP A1019 EP A1019 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006502282 ER PT J AU Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, IB Suzuki, YI AF Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, IB Suzuki, YI TI Lipoic acid-mediated signal transduction. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4725 BP A815 EP A815 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501109 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Carpenter, CE AF Solomon, MB Carpenter, CE TI Morphology of muscles from callipyge and normal lambs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4839 BP A835 EP A835 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501220 ER PT J AU Solon, FS Ribaya-Mercado, JD Perfecto, CS Cabal-Barza, MA Tang, G Russell, RM Solon, MA AF Solon, FS Ribaya-Mercado, JD Perfecto, CS Cabal-Barza, MA Tang, G Russell, RM Solon, MA TI Improvement in vitamin A status of malnourished schoolchildren with fruit and vegetable intakes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Nutr Ctr Philippines, Makati, Philippines. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4873 BP A841 EP A841 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501257 ER PT J AU Sun, J Hayward, C Shinde, R Christenson, R Ford, SP Butler, JE AF Sun, J Hayward, C Shinde, R Christenson, R Ford, SP Butler, JE TI Four V-H and two D-H non-mutated gene segments encode the pre-immune repertoire of the piglet during 84 days in utero. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Interdisciplinary Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5121 BP A885 EP A885 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501504 ER PT J AU Tibaduiza, EC Fleet, JC Clagett-Dame, M Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Tibaduiza, EC Fleet, JC Clagett-Dame, M Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI beta-APO-carotenoic acids inhibit proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast tumor cell lines. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UNC Greensboro, Dept Nutr, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4715 BP A813 EP A813 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501098 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Puyau, MR Pivarnik, J Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF AF Treuth, MS Puyau, MR Pivarnik, J Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF TI Fitness in women during pregnancy and postpartum. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4956 BP A856 EP A856 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501341 ER PT J AU Vann, R Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Jahoor, F Nguyen, HV Steele, N Davis, TA AF Vann, R Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Jahoor, F Nguyen, HV Steele, N Davis, TA TI Somatotropin decreases proteolysis but does not stimulate whole body or tissue protein synthesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4935 BP A852 EP A852 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501319 ER PT J AU Wang, H Joseph, JA AF Wang, H Joseph, JA TI Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay and protection against oxidative stress in PC 12 cells by some dietary flavonoids. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4797 BP A828 EP A828 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501182 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF AF Wood, RJ Fleming, DJ Jacques, PF Wilson, PWF TI Iron status of the elderly Framingham Heart Study Cohort: An iron-replete population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4898 BP A846 EP A846 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501281 ER PT J AU Wu, D Meydani, M Leka, LS Blumberg, JB Handleman, GJ Meydani, SN AF Wu, D Meydani, M Leka, LS Blumberg, JB Handleman, GJ Meydani, SN TI Effect of black current seed oil (BCSO) supplementation on immune response of healthy elderly subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5035 BP A870 EP A870 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501418 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Ahn, SH Pajva, SAR Lee-Kim, YC Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Ahn, SH Pajva, SAR Lee-Kim, YC Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Correlation between carotenoid concentrations in serum and in normal breast tissues of women with benign breast tumor or breast cancer SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Gen Surg, Seoul, South Korea. UNESP, Fac Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 5595 BP A966 EP A966 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501977 ER PT J AU Zaslavsky, B Klevay, LM Uthus, EO AF Zaslavsky, B Klevay, LM Uthus, EO TI Nonlinear analysis of the interaction between copper and zinc in the rat. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 3861 BP A665 EP A665 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006500244 ER PT J AU Zosel, K Mazariegos, M Romero, ME Cassola, K Mena, I Solomons, NW Ribaya-Mercado, J Russell, RM AF Zosel, K Mazariegos, M Romero, ME Cassola, K Mena, I Solomons, NW Ribaya-Mercado, J Russell, RM TI Dietary adequacy of vitamin A in rural guatemalan elderly: Nutritional correlates and dependency of vitamin A fortified sugar. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 SU S MA 4874 BP A841 EP A841 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HD UT WOS:000076006501255 ER PT J AU Omar, AR Schat, KA Lee, LF Hunt, HD AF Omar, AR Schat, KA Lee, LF Hunt, HD TI Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing Marek's disease herpesvirus glycoprotein B SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease herpesvirus; glycoprotein B; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; recombinant fowlpox virus; cell-mediated immunity; vaccination ID SIMPLEX VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TYPE-1 GLYCOPROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DIFFERENT SEROTYPES; INFECTED CHICKENS; LETHAL CHALLENGE; PROTECTION; GENES AB Previously, we demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from MHC:(BB19)-B-19 and MHC:(BB21)-B-21 chickens inoculated with a non-oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV) vaccine strain, SE-1/12 can lyse syngeneic reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)-transformed cell lines expressing MDV pp38 or gB genes. In this study, we report the characterization of MDV gB-specific CTLs in chickens immunized with recombinant fowlpox virus expressing MDV gB gene (rFPV-gB). Spleen cells from rFPV-gB inoculated chickens (MHC:(BB19)-B-19), depleted for CD4+, CD8+, TCR gamma delta+, TCR alpha beta 1+ or TCR alpha beta 2+ cells were used as effector cells in chromium release assays. Effector cells depleted of CD8+ or TCR alpha beta 1+, but not CD4+, TCR gamma delta+ or TCR alpha beta 2+ markedly reduced the percentage of specific release (%SR). Compared to the %SR caused by the SV-1/12-sensitized CTLs, the %SR caused by rFPV-gB-sensitized CTLs was low, but statistically significant. This is a first report on the induction of MDV gB-specific CD8+ CTLs in chickens immunized with rFPV-gB vaccine. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Schat, KA (reprint author), Univ Agr Malaysia, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 18 PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00159-1 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZQ787 UT WOS:000073903000007 PM 9618870 ER PT J AU Moyes, RB Kogut, MH Droleskey, RE DeLoach, JR AF Moyes, RB Kogut, MH Droleskey, RE DeLoach, JR TI Differential expression of adhesion molecules by chicken heterophils activated in vivo with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD11b/CD18; integrin; chicken; heterophil; Salmonella; lymphokines ID IN-VIVO; MATRIX PROTEINS; MAC-1; NEUTROPHILS; LEUKOCYTES; MIGRATION; INVITRO; CD18; BETA-2-INTEGRINS; INTEGRINS AB Chicken heterophils activated in vivo following the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune T lymphokines (SE-ILK) have been implicated in the protection against SE organ invasion. SE-ILK induces a heterophilia and directly (or indirectly) activates the granulocytes. The invasion of SE provides the secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of bacterial invasion. We examined the mechanism of adherence within the avian heterophil system using an in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) matrix in which neutrophil adherence is primarily CD11/CD18 integrin mediated in mammalian systems. Activated heterophils displayed a four-fold increase in receptor-mediated adherence in vitro to BSA-coated slides as compared to control heterophils from PBS-injected birds. The increased adherence of activated heterophils can be partially blocked by either anti-alpha M (CD11b) or anti-beta 2 (CD18) antibodies in a dose dependent manner. Anti-alpha 3 (CD49c) antibody partially blocked adherence of both normal and activated cells. Fluorescence-activated cell scanning (FACS) analysis of the heterophils shows that both control and SE-ILK-activated heterophils collected at 4 h post injection with SE-ILK or PBS display similar amounts of integrin alpha 3 on their surface. This integrin is constitutively expressed and is responsible for the in vitro adherence of both groups. However, antibodies to the Mac-1 complex (CD11b/CD18) block only the adherence of SE-ILK-stimulated heterophils. Thus, the CD11b/CD18 heterodimer is apparently up regulated in response to the injected SE-ILK and plays a major role in the adherence of activated heterophils. Our studies in chickens parallel human and mouse studies showing the importance of the beta 2 integrins in adherence of activated cells. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@usda.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 18 PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00138-4 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZQ787 UT WOS:000073903000008 PM 9618871 ER PT J AU Abdel-Fattah, G Hadsell, DL AF Abdel-Fattah, G Hadsell, DL TI Activity of upstream stimulatory factor (USF) during mammary gland development and milk protein gene expression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1859 BP A319 EP A319 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401854 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Copeland, KC Gunn, SK Ellis, KE AF Abrams, SA Copeland, KC Gunn, SK Ellis, KE TI Ethnic differences in calcium metabolism in 7- and 8-year old girls. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2949 BP A507 EP A507 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402942 ER PT J AU Allen, PC AF Allen, PC TI Effects of in vivo treatment of coccidia-infected chickens with S-methylisothiourea. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3324 BP A573 EP A573 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403319 ER PT J AU Arnes, SK Gorham, B Abrams, SA AF Arnes, SK Gorham, B Abrams, SA TI Effects of increased calcium intake on absorption of calcium, iron, and zinc in preschool children. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3175 BP A547 EP A547 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403169 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Kris-Etherton, PM Emken, EA AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Kris-Etherton, PM Emken, EA TI Apparent digestibility of stearic acid versus other saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in healthy men fed mixed diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1354 BP A232 EP A232 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401351 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Barrett, JB AF Barb, CR Barrett, JB TI Neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates growth hormone (GH) secretion from pig pituitary cells in culture. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3139 BP A540 EP A540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403134 ER PT J AU Beecher, G Trainer, D Chakrabarti, E Holden, J AF Beecher, G Trainer, D Chakrabarti, E Holden, J TI Catechin content of teas sampled in the US SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1224 BP A622A EP A622A PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403614 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J TI Breath hydrogen and methane production after bread containing varying amounts of amylose. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2996 BP A516 EP A516 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402991 ER PT J AU Beharka, AA Meydani, M Leka, LS Meydani, SN AF Beharka, AA Meydani, M Leka, LS Meydani, SN TI Increased interleukin (IL)-6 production is not a normal consequence of aging. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1835 BP A315 EP A315 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401828 ER PT J AU Bonnel, E Ou, CN Rognerud, C Sutherland, B Woodhouse, L King, J AF Bonnel, E Ou, CN Rognerud, C Sutherland, B Woodhouse, L King, J TI Low zinc intake and intestinal function in healthy males SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2012 BP A346 EP A346 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402008 ER PT J AU Briske-Anderson, M Newman, SM Reeves, PG AF Briske-Anderson, M Newman, SM Reeves, PG TI Support membrane porosity influences the morphological uniformity of CACO-2 cells in culture. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2150 BP A370 EP A370 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402144 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Nejdlinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Nejdlinger, TR TI Carotenoid (CARO) half-lives in humans fed adequate preformed vitamin A. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3154 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403147 ER PT J AU Burrin, D Stoll, B Dudley, M Reeds, P Donovan, SM Fan, M AF Burrin, D Stoll, B Dudley, M Reeds, P Donovan, SM Fan, M TI Small intestinal growth and lactase synthesis in neonatal pigs fed formula supplemented with IGF-I. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3230 BP A556 EP A556 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403223 ER PT J AU Cahill, K Burri, BJ Sucher, K AF Cahill, K Burri, BJ Sucher, K TI Vitamin C status in healthy people with chronic non-progressive physical disabilities. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3240 BP A558 EP A558 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403236 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Hughes, VA Kehayias, JJ Singh, MAF AF Castaneda, C Hughes, VA Kehayias, JJ Singh, MAF TI Correlates of adductor pollicis muscle function in the elderly. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3088 BP A532 EP A532 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403083 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Latimer, M Dean, RG Hausman, GJ AF Chen, XL Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Latimer, M Dean, RG Hausman, GJ TI Regulation of leptin gene expression by hydrocortisone and thyroxine during fetal adipose tissue development SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3137 BP A540 EP A540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403133 ER PT J AU Choumenkovitch, SF Bagley, P Maeda, N Nadeau, M Smith, D Selhub, J AF Choumenkovitch, SF Bagley, P Maeda, N Nadeau, M Smith, D Selhub, J TI S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAR) in mice deficient in cystathionine B-synthase (CBS). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, JM USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3192 BP A550 EP A550 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403189 ER PT J AU Cleveland, L Goldman, J Borrud, L AF Cleveland, L Goldman, J Borrud, L TI Food intakes of US children and adolescents compared to recommendations. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1308 BP A224 EP A224 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401303 ER PT J AU Combs, G Meisner, C Fischer, P Cimma, J Rahman, A Hassan, N Kyaw-Myint, T Duxbury, J Welch, R Kabir, A Talukder, K Manaster, B Staab, D Haque, S AF Combs, G Meisner, C Fischer, P Cimma, J Rahman, A Hassan, N Kyaw-Myint, T Duxbury, J Welch, R Kabir, A Talukder, K Manaster, B Staab, D Haque, S TI Nutritional rickets in Bangladesh SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CIMMYT, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. UT, Grenoble, France. SARPV, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Univ Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh. USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. Inst Mother Child Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mem Christian Hosp, Chakaria, Bangladesh. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1997 BP A343 EP A343 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401992 ER PT J AU Cook, A Friday, J Ho, J Perloff, B AF Cook, A Friday, J Ho, J Perloff, B TI Folate fortification and projected average folate intakes of Americans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1318 BP A226 EP A226 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401315 ER PT J AU Davey, SL Bryden, NA Joseph, LJ Cyr-Campbell, D Anderson, RA Evans, WJ Campbell, WW AF Davey, SL Bryden, NA Joseph, LJ Cyr-Campbell, D Anderson, RA Evans, WJ Campbell, WW TI Strength training and chromium picolinate supplements: Effects on urinary excretion and % absorption of Cr in older men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Genet, Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1287 BP A220 EP A220 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401280 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Klevay, LM Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Davis, CD Klevay, LM Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Extracellular superoxide dismutase activity: A promising indicator of zinc status in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2013 BP A346 EP A346 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402006 ER PT J AU Denisova, NA Tsajoun, K Bielinski, D Palmer, H Paulson, EK Joseph, JA AF Denisova, NA Tsajoun, K Bielinski, D Palmer, H Paulson, EK Joseph, JA TI Age-related and area-specific regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by oxidative stress in synaptosomes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1844 BP A317 EP A317 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401841 ER PT J AU Ding, ST McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Effect of isoproterenol on the expression of beta-adrenergic receptors in pig adipocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3135 BP A540 EP A540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403132 ER PT J AU Fan, MZ Stoll, B Burrin, DG AF Fan, MZ Stoll, B Burrin, DG TI Isolation of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis of the small intestine in the neonatal pig. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3234 BP A557 EP A557 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403228 ER PT J AU Finkelman, FD Noben-Trauth, N Donaldson, DD Madden, KB Morris, SC Collins, M Urban, JF AF Finkelman, FD Noben-Trauth, N Donaldson, DD Madden, KB Morris, SC Collins, M Urban, JF TI IL-13, IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4R alpha), and Stat6, but not IL-4, are required to expel the GI nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3304 BP A569 EP A569 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403297 ER PT J AU Fong, AKH Kretsch, MJ AF Fong, AKH Kretsch, MJ TI Accuracy of food portion estimation by obese and normal-weight women when completing 7-day food records. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3056 BP A526 EP A526 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403050 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM TI Glucose & insulin responses to a new zero energy fiber source. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2060 BP A354 EP A354 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402056 ER PT J AU Hammell, DC Franklin, ST Nonnecke, BJ AF Hammell, DC Franklin, ST Nonnecke, BJ TI Use of the relative dose response assay to determine vitamin A status of calves. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3023 BP A520 EP A520 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403016 ER PT J AU Havel, PJ Stern, JS Keim, NL AF Havel, PJ Stern, JS Keim, NL TI Circulating leptin concentrations are related to eating behavior, and to appetite during energy restriction in women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1181 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401183 ER PT J AU Holden, J Bhagwat, S Beecher, G Davis, C Buzzard, IM Eldridge, A Schakel, S Trainer, D Gebhardt, S Haytowitz, D AF Holden, J Bhagwat, S Beecher, G Davis, C Buzzard, IM Eldridge, A Schakel, S Trainer, D Gebhardt, S Haytowitz, D TI USDA/NCC database for carotenoids in US foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nutr Coordinating Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3150 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403145 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, J Mehta, N Butte, N AF Hopkinson, J Mehta, N Butte, N TI Markers of bone metabolism in postpartum women are related to lactation and changes in bone density. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2958 BP A509 EP A509 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402955 ER PT J AU Hughes, VA Abad, L Wood, M Nelson, ME Roberts, S Kehayias, JJ Singh, MAF Roubenoff, R AF Hughes, VA Abad, L Wood, M Nelson, ME Roberts, S Kehayias, JJ Singh, MAF Roubenoff, R TI Does resting metabolic rate (RMR) adjusted for fat free mass (FFM) decline with age? Effect of body composition method and gender SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1183 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401184 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, CD TI Dietary boron enhances the beneficial effects of exercise training on bone calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations in the rat. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1197 BP A205 EP A205 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401197 ER PT J AU Jacob, R Jenden, D Okoji, R Allman, M Swendseid, M AF Jacob, R Jenden, D Okoji, R Allman, M Swendseid, M TI Choline status of men and women is decreased by low dietary folate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Biochem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2974 BP A512 EP A512 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402969 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Lozano, AA AF Johnson, WT Lozano, AA TI Maternal copper deficiency alters the distribution of protein kinase C isoforms in neonatal rat brain. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1164 BP A200 EP A200 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401166 ER PT J AU Judd, J Baer, D Clevidence, B Kris-Etherton, P Muesing, R Iwane, M Lichtenstein, A AF Judd, J Baer, D Clevidence, B Kris-Etherton, P Muesing, R Iwane, M Lichtenstein, A TI Blood lipid and lipoprotein modifying effects of trans monounsaturated fatty acids compared to carbohydrate, oleic acid, stearic acid, and C 12 : 0-16 : 0 saturated fatty acids in men fed controlled diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1339 BP A229 EP A229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401332 ER PT J AU Keim, NL Barbieri, TF Horn, WF AF Keim, NL Barbieri, TF Horn, WF TI Effects of acute and chronic dieting on energy expenditure and fat oxidation in women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1188 BP A204 EP A204 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401187 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM Shuler, TR AF Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM Shuler, TR TI Multiple nutritional elements in hair of one man over two decades. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1325 BP A227 EP A227 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401319 ER PT J AU Kramer, TR Rosebrock, JA AF Kramer, TR Rosebrock, JA TI T-lymphocyte responses in whole-blood cultures determined by measurement of newly synthesized DNA and ATP. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ImmTech Inc, New Windsor, MD 21776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1675 BP A287 EP A287 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401670 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Keim, NL AF Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Keim, NL TI Cognitive effects of a healthy weight loss regime: Moderate energy restriction combined with aerobic and weight training exercise. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2054 BP A353 EP A353 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402050 ER PT J AU Lanoue, L Strong, PL Hunt, CD Keen, CL AF Lanoue, L Strong, PL Hunt, CD Keen, CL TI Effects of boron deficiency and toxicity preimplantation mouse embryos. Defining the limits of boron nutriture using an in vitro model. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. US Borax, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1195 BP A205 EP A205 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401196 ER PT J AU Lee, H Gerrior, S AF Lee, H Gerrior, S TI Intakes of fat and cholesterol by consumers who drink whole or reduced-fat milks in the USA. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1307 BP A224 EP A224 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401302 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Burri, BJ Ducker, SR Clifford, AJ AF Lin, Y Burri, BJ Ducker, SR Clifford, AJ TI Beta-carotene metabolism study in women by administering retinyl-d6 acetate and beta-carotene-d6 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, WHNRC, PWA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3022 BP A520 EP A520 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403018 ER PT J AU Martin, A Palmer, HJ Prior, RL Paulson, KE Joseph, JJ AF Martin, A Palmer, HJ Prior, RL Paulson, KE Joseph, JJ TI Vitamin C reduces JNK protein kinase activation and H2O2 production in human astrocyte cells following treatment with TNF alpha. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1373 BP A235 EP A235 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401367 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Vinken, AG Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Saltzman, E Dallal, GE Vinken, AG Roberts, SB TI Factors determining energy intake from individual foods in identical twins consuming covertly manipulated high and low fat diets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2019 BP A347 EP A347 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402012 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Concentration of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype transcripts in porcine tissues. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3134 BP A540 EP A540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403129 ER PT J AU Meacham, SL Hunt, CD AF Meacham, SL Hunt, CD TI Copper content of common American foods. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Winthrop Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1159 BP A199 EP A199 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401158 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Lonnerdal, B Raboy, V Young, K Viteri, FE Brown, KH AF Mendoza, C Lonnerdal, B Raboy, V Young, K Viteri, FE Brown, KH TI Absorption of iron from unmodified maize and genetically altered, low-phytate maize fortified with ferrous sulfate or NaFeEDTA. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1247 BP A213 EP A213 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401243 ER PT J AU Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Dietary magnesium and fructose affect macromineral metabolism in men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2955 BP A508 EP A508 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402948 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Kertz, B Montandon, CM Parsons, R AF Motil, KJ Kertz, B Montandon, CM Parsons, R TI Do plasma amino acids serve as the precursor pool for maternal milk proteins? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1172 BP A201 EP A201 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401173 ER PT J AU Nair, PP Shami, S Davis, KE AF Nair, PP Shami, S Davis, KE TI Bile salt mediated potentiation of fecapentaene-14 induced SOS-mutagenicity in Escherichia coli PQ 37. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Req Func Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3276 BP A565 EP A565 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403271 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Manganese deprivation is not a propitious stressor of boron metabolism or nutrition. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1196 BP A205 EP A205 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401194 ER PT J AU Obermeyer, WR Kuzmycz, YC Warner, CR Garcia-Villanova, B Ellwood, KC AF Obermeyer, WR Kuzmycz, YC Warner, CR Garcia-Villanova, B Ellwood, KC TI A rapid technique for detection of antioxidant activity in dietary constituents. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Univ Granada, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Granada, Spain. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3257 BP A561 EP A561 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403251 ER PT J AU Omaye, ST Burri, BJ Senh, A Wah-Choi, Y Yeung, YO AF Omaye, ST Burri, BJ Senh, A Wah-Choi, Y Yeung, YO TI Serum ascorbic acid and uric acid levels in young women depleted of beta-carotene or supplemented with carotenoids. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nutr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3239 BP A558 EP A558 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403233 ER PT J AU Paetau, I Khachik, F Brown, ED Beecher, GR Kramer, TR Chittams, J Clevidence, BA AF Paetau, I Khachik, F Brown, ED Beecher, GR Kramer, TR Chittams, J Clevidence, BA TI Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrient Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3158 BP A544 EP A544 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403152 ER PT J AU Paiva, SAR Yeum, KJ Cao, G Prior, RL Russell, RM AF Paiva, SAR Yeum, KJ Cao, G Prior, RL Russell, RM TI Responses in plasma carotenoids following consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UNESP, Fac Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3156 BP A544 EP A544 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403151 ER PT J AU Park, JYK Burri, BJ Novotny, J Dueker, S Clifford, AJ AF Park, JYK Burri, BJ Novotny, J Dueker, S Clifford, AJ TI A compartment model of beta carotene in women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3161 BP A544 EP A544 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403156 ER PT J AU Paschall, KE Reilly, J Van Loan, MD King, JC AF Paschall, KE Reilly, J Van Loan, MD King, JC TI The relationship between basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass and fat mass shifts during pregnancy. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1184 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401182 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, P Haytowitz, D AF Pehrsson, P Haytowitz, D TI Key foods (contributors of critical nutrients) in the elderly population. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3086 BP A531 EP A531 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403079 ER PT J AU Pinna, K Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Sutherland, B Woodhouse, LR King, JC AF Pinna, K Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Sutherland, B Woodhouse, LR King, JC TI Effect of a low zinc intake on the immune response of healthy men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1267 BP A217 EP A217 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401264 ER PT J AU Qian, H Barb, CR Compton, MM Hausman, GJ Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Baile, CA AF Qian, H Barb, CR Compton, MM Hausman, GJ Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Baile, CA TI Leptin mRNA expression and serum concentrations in pigs as influenced by age, weight and estradiol. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3138 BP A540 EP A540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403131 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Briske-Anderson, M AF Reeves, PG Briske-Anderson, M TI Physiologic concentrations of zinc affect the rate and kinetics of copper uptake, transport and release in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1411 BP A242 EP A242 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401408 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Mazariegos, M Tang, G Mena, I Romero-Abal, ME Zosel, K Casasola, K Solomons, NW Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Mazariegos, M Tang, G Mena, I Romero-Abal, ME Zosel, K Casasola, K Solomons, NW Russell, RM TI Use of the deuterated retinol dilution method to assess total liver vitamin A in guatemalan elderly. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2042 BP A351 EP A351 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402038 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW Kahl, S AF Rosebrough, RW Kahl, S TI Prior thyroid status and the broiler's adaptation to triiodothyronine (T3) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2508 BP A432 EP A432 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402503 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Hunt, JR TI Iron status and oxidative stress in rats as affected by interactions among dietary iron, zinc and copper. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1279 BP A219 EP A219 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401273 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Dahlen, GM AF Saari, JT Dahlen, GM TI Nitric oxide synthase inhibition ameliorates the anemia of dietary copper deficiency. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1410 BP A242 EP A242 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401405 ER PT J AU Schakel, S Eldridge, A Buzzard, M Beecher, G Holden, J Trainer, D Davis, C Bhagwat, S Haytowitz, D Gebhardt, S Spangler, C AF Schakel, S Eldridge, A Buzzard, M Beecher, G Holden, J Trainer, D Davis, C Bhagwat, S Haytowitz, D Gebhardt, S Spangler, C TI Comparison of the carotenoid content of multicomponent foods determined by chemical analysis and by calculation using a nutrient database SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Nutr Coordinating Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3151 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403148 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Lominadze, D Saari, JT Miller, FN AF Schuschke, DA Lominadze, D Saari, JT Miller, FN TI Von Willebrand factor (vWF) but not superoxide dismutase (SOD) restores attenuated platelet thrombosis in copper-deficient rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1409 BP A241 EP A241 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401404 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC Beck, MA Levander, OA AF Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC Beck, MA Levander, OA TI Normally avirulent coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3/0) causes heart damage and death in mice pretreated with aurothioglucose (ATG). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3048 BP A525 EP A525 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403043 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR TI Temporal Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in T-cell receptor deficient mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3305 BP A569 EP A569 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403300 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Burrin, D Yu, H Henry, J Reeds, P AF Stoll, B Burrin, D Yu, H Henry, J Reeds, P TI Substrate metabolism by the portal drained viscera (PDV) of piglets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3142 BP A541 EP A541 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403138 ER PT J AU Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ Appel, LJ Miller, ER Maquire, MG Sehlub, J AF Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ Appel, LJ Miller, ER Maquire, MG Sehlub, J TI The impact of dietary intake of protein and coffee consumption on serum homocysteine concentration in an older aged population. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1333 BP A228 EP A228 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401326 ER PT J AU Sutherland, B Strong, P King, JC AF Sutherland, B Strong, P King, JC TI Boron intake and excretion in men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Borax, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1199 BP A206 EP A206 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401201 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, JB AF Suzuki, YJ Shi, SS Day, RM Chedid, M Blumberg, JB TI Homocysteine activates p44/42 MAP kinase through p21(ras)-dependent pathways. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1097 BP A188 EP A188 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401098 ER PT J AU Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, G Russell, RM AF Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, G Russell, RM TI Vitamin A equivalence of synthetic beta-carotene in humans determined by isotope reference method. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3153 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403149 ER PT J AU Tchoukalova, Y Grider, A Mouat, M Hausman, G AF Tchoukalova, Y Grider, A Mouat, M Hausman, G TI Analysis of preadipocyte proteins induced by magnesium deficient media SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3109 BP A535 EP A535 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403103 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rich, S Wilson, PWF Selhub, J AF Tucker, KL Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rich, S Wilson, PWF Selhub, J TI Relation between vitamin B12 source and prevalence of low plasma B12 in the Framingham offspring study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2002 BP A344 EP A344 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401997 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Poellot, RA AF Uthus, EO Poellot, RA TI High dietary sodium arsenite affects kidney trace element concentrations. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1290 BP A221 EP A221 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401287 ER PT J AU Wallock, L Tamura, T Ames, B Kutnink, M Johnston, K Jacob, R AF Wallock, L Tamura, T Ames, B Kutnink, M Johnston, K Jacob, R TI Folates in seminal plasma and relation to folate nutriture. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2972 BP A511 EP A511 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402965 ER PT J AU Wang, C Zhang, Y Turnlund, JR Xiong, YL Cantor, AH Lee, CJ AF Wang, C Zhang, Y Turnlund, JR Xiong, YL Cantor, AH Lee, CJ TI Effects of energy restriction and exercise on bone composition of adult rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kentucky State Univ, Commun Res Serv, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2960 BP A509 EP A509 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402956 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Liu, C Chung, J Stickel, F Seitz, HK Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Liu, C Chung, J Stickel, F Seitz, HK Russell, RM TI Chronic alcohol intake reduces plasma retinoic acid concentration but not retinoic acid receptors gene expression in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2040 BP A351 EP A351 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402037 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Haynes, JS Wannemuehler, MJ Harp, JA Sacco, RE AF Waters, WR Haynes, JS Wannemuehler, MJ Harp, JA Sacco, RE TI Infection with Cryptosporidium parvum initiates inflammatory bowel disease in germfree TCR-alpha-deficient mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3457 BP A595 EP A595 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403450 ER PT J AU Wildman, REC Klevay, LM AF Wildman, REC Klevay, LM TI Decreased bone integrity in mice with meat anemia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1278 BP A219 EP A219 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401275 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Stuff, JE Smith, EO AF Wong, WW Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Stuff, JE Smith, EO TI African-American girls expend less energy than Caucasian girls. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Texas Childrens Hosp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1185 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401185 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Lederer, L Lowe, NM King, JC AF Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Lederer, L Lowe, NM King, JC TI The effect of zinc intake on erythrocyte osmotic fragility in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RI Lowe, Nicola/B-5472-2013 OI Lowe, Nicola/0000-0002-6934-2768 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1270 BP A217 EP A217 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401263 ER PT J AU Wray-Cahen, D Caperna, TJ Steele, NC AF Wray-Cahen, D Caperna, TJ Steele, NC TI Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a carrier for intravenous infusion of palmitate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1353 BP A232 EP A232 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401348 ER PT J AU Yin, S Oin, J Gu, SF Xu, OM Zhao, SF Tang, G Russell, RM AF Yin, S Oin, J Gu, SF Xu, OM Zhao, SF Tang, G Russell, RM TI Green and yellow vegetables rich in provitamin A carotenoids can sustain vitamin A status of children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2043 BP A351 EP A351 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402036 ER PT J AU Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE O'Brien, KO Abrams, SA AF Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE O'Brien, KO Abrams, SA TI Efficacy of an iron supplementation program in pregnant Peruvian women: Iron indicators and absorption data SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, CNRC, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3119 BP A537 EP A537 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403113 ER PT J AU Zhu, SS Paiva, SAR Yeum, KJ Mason, J Russell, RM AF Zhu, SS Paiva, SAR Yeum, KJ Mason, J Russell, RM TI Changes of plasma carotenoids concentrations after one year supplementation of natural or synthetic beta-carotene SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Shanghai Inst Digest Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China. UNESP, Fac Med, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3155 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403150 ER PT J AU Ji, C Boyd, C Slaymaker, D Okinaka, Y Takeuchi, Y Midland, SL Sims, JJ Herman, E Keen, N AF Ji, C Boyd, C Slaymaker, D Okinaka, Y Takeuchi, Y Midland, SL Sims, JJ Herman, E Keen, N TI Characterization of a 34-kDa soybean binding protein for the syringolide elicitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; AVIRULENCE GENES; THIOL PROTEASES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; TOMATO; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; CLONING AB Syringolides are water-soluble, low-molecular-weight elicitors that trigger defense responses in soybean cultivars carrying the Rpg4 disease-resistance gene but not in rpg4 cultivars, I-125-syringolide 1 previously was shown to bind to a soluble protein(s) in extracts from soybean leaves, A 34-kDa protein that accounted for I-125-syringolide 1 binding activity was isolated with a syringolide affinity-gel column, Partial sequences of internal peptides of the 34-kDa protein were identical to P34, a previously described soybean seed allergen, In soybean seeds, P34 is processed from a 46-kDa precursor protein and was shown to have homology with thiol proteases, P34 is a moderately abundant protein in soybean seeds and cotyledons but its level in leaves is low, cDNAs encoding 46-, 34-, and 32-kDa forms of the soybean protein were cloned into the baculovirus vector, pVL1392, and expressed in insect cells, The resulting 32- and 34-kDa proteins, but not the 46-kDa protein, exhibited ligand-specific I-125-syringolide binding activity, These results suggest that P34 may be the receptor that mediates syringolide signaling. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Keen, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM Keen@ucracl.ucr.edu NR 36 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 6 BP 3306 EP 3311 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.6.3306 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZC589 UT WOS:000072596200107 PM 9501258 ER PT J AU Childress, WM Crisafulli, CM Rykiel, EJ AF Childress, WM Crisafulli, CM Rykiel, EJ TI Comparison of Markovian matrix models of a primary successional plant community SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Markov model; primary succession; Mount St. Helens; lupine; plant community dynamics ID DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; TRANSITION; CHAINS AB Markov matrix models have been used to simulate a variety of dynamic ecological systems such as communities and landscapes. An important question is whether time-homogeneous Markov models are adequate for successional dynamics or whether non-homogeneous models are needed to reflect changes in species composition over time. We evaluate some alternative Markov model formulations, ranging from homogeneous to semi homogeneous, to see which might be useful in replicating observed vegetation dynamics in a primary successional plant community at Mount St. Helens, Washington. We used a two-step multivariate process tt classify vegetation in 1 x 1 m quadrats in a 12 x 14 m study plot which was surveyed annually from 1983 to 1994. Four different Markov models were derived to simulate successional dynamics at the quadrat level, ranging from a completely time-homogeneous model based on quadrat class transitions pooled across all survey years, to one with annual constraints on classes allowed and with annually-adjusted transition probabilities based on these allowed classes. Although none of these models were particularly successful in replicating the observed number of vegetation classes or the number of quadrats in each class across all the survey years, the models with more annual constraints produced better results than the completely homogeneous model, The generally poor showing of these models relates primarily to annual variations in species dynamics in this community. The substantial turnover in species each year results in rapid turnover of vegetation classes, so that transitions among classes vary greatly from year to year. It appears that annual influences, both biotic and abiotic, must be implemented in the models for accurate simulations in this and probably most other primary successional communities. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. Mt St Helens Natl Volcan Monument, Amboy, WA 98601 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Childress, WM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM childres@mail.utep.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 16 PY 1998 VL 107 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00200-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZL174 UT WOS:000073406200008 ER PT J AU Register, KB AF Register, KB TI Biotinylated proteins of Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica cause false-positive reactions with biotinylated probes in colony lift-hybridization assays SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PCR; STRAINS; TOXIN; GENE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 257 IS 2 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1006/abio.1997.2556 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZC937 UT WOS:000072634000021 PM 9514790 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Fredrickson, EL Nachman, P Estell, RE Havstad, KM Murray, LW AF Anderson, DM Fredrickson, EL Nachman, P Estell, RE Havstad, KM Murray, LW TI Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced fluorescence; botanical composition; fecal analysis; plants ID GREEN PLANTS; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; LEAVES; EMISSION; SIGNATURES AB Filtrate from pre- and post-digested plant material was exposed to 355-nm pulsed laser light and the subsequent laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was recorded. Similarities and differences among spectra from 20 materials are discussed. Each material was replicated once, dried, ground, and exposed to chloroform (CHCl(3)) for 24 h. The material represented aged (1 to 18 years old) plants from different herbaceous (grasses and forbs) and woody plant life forms. Mean peak fluorescence recorded among materials differed (P < 0.0001) in both wavelength and peak amplitude (counts) across the spectral range (387 to 788 nm). Peak fluorescence was evaluated within each of three arbitrary color categories, blue near 455 nm and red near 674 nm, while only 16 of the materials produced a green peak near 528 nm. In general, the blue and green fluorescence peaks were broad while the red peak was narrow. Mean peak counts were largest in the red range. Varying amounts of laser beam absorption occurred among the materials evaluated due to different concentrations of filtrate and different absorption efficiencies; therefore, amplitude data (counts) were not used to determine statistical differences among materials. To overcome difficulties attributed to the raw count data, red/blue, red/green and blue/green count ratios within replicates were calculated. Using all three count ratios in a multivariate analysis of variance, the 16 materials could be separated into nine different (P < 0.05) material groupings. The LIF technique may provide a reliable means to separate ground pre- and post-digested plant materials following further research into determining what fluorophores are producing the spectral signatures and how sample preparation affect peak wavelengths. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept MSC 3JER, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept MSC 3JER, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM deanders@nmsu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 4 BP 315 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00088-6 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD685 UT WOS:000072712500004 ER PT J AU Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV AF Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV TI Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; HEAVY-METAL TOLERANCE; CESPITOSA L BEAUV; CO-TOLERANCE; CADMIUM UPTAKE; POPULATIONS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; LEAD; COPPER AB The success of phytoremediation hinges on the selection of plant species and soil amendments that maximize contaminant removal. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to be effective in phytoextracting Zn, particularly after the synthetic chelate EDTA has been applied to the soil. However, the effectiveness of grass species for phytoremediation has not been addressed in great detail. A hydroponic screening of 22 grass species indicated that oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) tolerated the high Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations present in the solution and also accumulated elevated concentrations of these metals in the plant shoots. A hydroponic experiment comparing these two grasses to Indian mustard indicated that, although shoot Zn concentrations were greater for Indian mustard, the grasses were considerably more tolerant. A pot experiment conducted using a Zn-contaminated soil showed that the addition of EDTA to the soil significantly increased Zn accumulation by B. juncea but not oat or barley. Nevertheless, barley accumulated >2 mg of Zn plant(-1), 2-4 times more Zn than what was observed in Indian mustard in the presence of EDTA. The results of this experiment suggest that barley has a phytoremediation potential equal to, if not greater than, that for B. juncea. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 28 TC 222 Z9 258 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 6 BP 802 EP 806 DI 10.1021/es970698p PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZC377 UT WOS:000072571800013 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Erat, S Denisova, N Villalobos-Molina, R AF Joseph, JA Erat, S Denisova, N Villalobos-Molina, R TI Receptor- and age-selective effects of dopamine oxidation on receptor-G protein interactions in the striatum SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dopamine; oxidative stress; D-1, D-2; muscarinic; 5-HT1A receptors; GTPase; free radical ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; H-3 DOPAMINE; RAT STRIATUM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MUSCARINIC CONTROL; EVOKED RELEASE; NEURONAL DEATH; CELL-DEATH; IN-VIVO AB The striatum contains a high concentration of oxidizable dopamine (DA), and the aged organism shows a decreased ability to respond to oxidative stress (OS), making this area extremely vulnerable to free radical insult. To determine the receptor specificity of this putative increase in OS sensitivity, striatal slices from 6- and 24-month-old animals were incubated (30 min, 37 degrees C) in a modified Krebs medium containing 0 to 500 mu M DA with or without a preincubation (15 min) in a nitrone trapping agent, 1 or 5 mM alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PEN), and changes in low K-m GTPase activity (an index of receptor-C protein coupling/uncoupling) assessed in muscarinic, 5-HT1A D-1, and D-2 receptors stimulated with carbachol, 8 OH-DPAT-HBr, SKF 38393, or quinelorane, respectively. DA exposure induced selective decreases in the stimulated activity in all of these receptor systems, and an overall increase in conjugated dienes (56%) of the young. In the case of carbachol and 8 OH-DPAT-HBr, the DA-induced deficits in GTPase stimulation were seen primarily in the young (61 and 32%, respectively), while DA-induced deficits in quinelorane (D-2) stimulation were seen in both age groups. In the case of SKF 38393-stimulation (D-1) the DA-induced deficits were higher in the striatal tissue from the old. The DA-induced decreases in carbachol stimulated GTPase activity in the tissue from the young could be prevented by pretreatment with PEN or the DA uptake inhibitor, nomifensin. No effect of nomifensin was seen in the old, because their DA uptake mechanisms were already compromised. These results suggest that although age-related declines in DA uptake may provide some protection against the OS effects in muscarinic or 5-HT1A receptors, other factors may increase the vulnerability of DA neurons to OS, even with reductions in DA uptake. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. IPN, CINVESTAV, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. RP Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA ARS, Room 919,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 24 IS 5 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00379-1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZG581 UT WOS:000073018000017 PM 9586813 ER PT J AU Sommerfeld, RA Knight, CA Laird, SK AF Sommerfeld, RA Knight, CA Laird, SK TI Diffusion of HNO3 in ice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SNOW AB We designed a series of experiments to verify the value of the diffusion coefficient of HNO3 in ice at -15 degrees C using a serial sectioning technique. Our first series of experiments with diffusion times of 70 to 100 h gave an average value of about 1.7 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1) (StD 0.8 x 10(-11)) and a second set of experiments at 1000 h resulted in an apparent diffusion coefficient of 10(-12) cm(2) s(-1). Our conclusion is that the observed gradients of HNO3 in ice were spurious and the result of serial contamination of the surfaces during sectioning of the ice. We call the diffusion coefficients "apparent" because in the present experiment we could not distinguish between an undetectable diffusion coefficient and undetectable solubility. In either case, the validity of the previously published results is questionable. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sommerfeld, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.1029/98GL00413 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ZD051 UT WOS:000072645900045 ER PT J AU Hayek, AM McCluskey, BJ Chavez, GT Salman, MD AF Hayek, AM McCluskey, BJ Chavez, GT Salman, MD TI Financial impact of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis on 16 beef ranches in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB Objective-To determine financial impact of an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado. Design-Survey and financial analysis. Sample Population-16 ranchers whose beef herds were affected by the 1995 outbreak. Procedure-Information concerning financial effects during the outbreak year was collected by personal interview of each rancher and examination of financial records. Results-Affected herds ranged from 79 to 956 cows (mean, 345). Cow case-fatality rates ranged from 0 to 80%, with calf case-fatality rates ranging from 0 to 28% and overall case-fatality rates of 0 to 15%. Median financial loss was $7,818/ranch and mean financial loss was $15,565/ranch, excluding total financial losses associated with sale of calves. Primary financial losses for these beef herds were attributed to increased culling rates, death of pregnant cows, loss of income from calves, and costs for additional labor during the outbreak. Some costs were attributable to a decrease in market price for beef and a drought during the year after the outbreak. Clinical Implications-financial losses for an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis can be attributed to effects of the disease and costs associated with imposed quarantines. C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McCluskey, BJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, 755 Parfet St, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 212 IS 6 BP 820 EP 823 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZJ034 UT WOS:000073172900030 PM 9530419 ER PT J AU Adlof, R Lamm, T AF Adlof, R Lamm, T TI Fractionation of cis- and trans-oleic, linoleic, and conjugated linoleic fatty acid methyl esters by silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE fatty acid methyl esters; oleic acid; linoleic acid; conjugated linoleic acid ID DIET AB Silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) using two commercially available columns connected in series and a solvent of 0.5% acetonitrile in hexane (1.0 ml/min), was used to fractionate a mixture of conjugated 18:2 isomers (as methyl esters) and resulted in an elution order (10 mu g sample size) of: 9-trans, 11-trans-18:2; 9-cis, 11-trans-18:2. A more complex mixture of cis and trans 9-18:1, 9,11-18:2 and 9,12-18:2 methyl esters could also be fractionated within 25 min. The elution order (10 mu g sample size) was found to be: 9-trans-18:1; 9-trans, 11-trans-18:2; 9-trans, 12-trans-18:2; 9-trans, 11-cis-18:2; 9-cis, 11-trans-18:2; 9-cis-18:1; 9-trans, 12-cis-18:2; 9-cis, 12-trans-18:2; 9-cis, 12-cis-18:2. The Ag-HPLC elution orders differed significantly from those obtained via gas chromatography on a polar stationary phase (30 m SP2380 capillary column; Elution order: 9-trans-18:1; 9-cis-18:1; 9-trans, 12-trans-18:2; 9-cis, 12-trans-18:2; 9-trans, 12-cis-18:2; 9-cis, 12-cis-18:2; 9-cis, 11-trans-18:2; 9-trans, 11-cis-18:2; 9-trans, 11-trans-18:2). The Ag-HPLC system was also used in the semi-preparative separation of a 10 mg sample of 9-trans, 11-trans-18:2 and 9-cis, 11-trans-18:2 fatty acid methyl esters. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 13 PY 1998 VL 799 IS 1-2 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01056-X PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZD766 UT WOS:000072721600032 ER PT J AU Eng, GY Maxwell, RJ Cohen, E Piotrowski, EG Fiddler, W AF Eng, GY Maxwell, RJ Cohen, E Piotrowski, EG Fiddler, W TI Determination of flumequine and oxolinic acid in fortified chicken tissue using on-line dialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE dialysis; sample handling; flumequine; oxolinic acid; antibiotics; fluoroquinolones ID BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; FISH; RESIDUES AB Isolation of the fluoroquinolones, flumequine and oxolinic acid, from fortified chicken liver was achieved using liquid-liquid extraction, aqueous on-line dialysis and trace enrichment. Dialysis, trace enrichment and column switching were performed using the ASTED system. Separation of the isolated compounds in the tissue extracts was performed using reversed-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection. This procedure yielded excellent mean recoveries at the 50, 25, 10 and 5 ng/g spiking levels for flumequine (94-96%; 4-9% R.S.D.) and at the 25 and 5 ng/g spiking levels for oxolinic acid (98-99%; 4-6% R.S.D.). Clean chromatograms were obtained, allowing detection of 5 ng/g flumequine and 2.5 ng/g oxolinic acid to be easily made. Due to its lower organic solvent consumption, automation and on-line capabilities, this method may be a suitable replacement for conventional chemical extraction techniques for drug residues in animal tissues. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Maxwell, RJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 13 PY 1998 VL 799 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01100-X PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZD766 UT WOS:000072721600036 ER PT J AU Meigs, JB Mittleman, MA Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA D'Agostino, RB Singer, DE Nathan, DM Schaefer, EJ Tofler, GH Wilson, PWF AF Meigs, JB Mittleman, MA Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA D'Agostino, RB Singer, DE Nathan, DM Schaefer, EJ Tofler, GH Wilson, PWF TI Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and small dense low density lipoprotein levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: The Framingham Offspring Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, IPCD, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, NIH, Framingham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 97 IS 8 MA 9 BP 815 EP 815 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YY916 UT WOS:000072200800028 ER PT J AU Meigs, JB Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Singer, DE Nathan, DM Schaefer, EJ Wilson, PWF AF Meigs, JB Ordovas, JM Cupples, LA Singer, DE Nathan, DM Schaefer, EJ Wilson, PWF TI Insulin resistance is unrelated to the apolipoprotein E polymorphism: the Framingham Offspring Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, NIH, Framingham, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 97 IS 8 MA P72 BP 831 EP 831 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YY916 UT WOS:000072200800123 ER PT J AU Yanai, RD Twery, MJ Stout, SL AF Yanai, RD Twery, MJ Stout, SL TI Woody understory response to changes in overstory density: thinning in Allegheny hardwoods SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE regeneration; model; beech; black cherry ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; REGENERATION; FOREST; PENNSYLVANIA; GROWTH; STANDS AB Understanding the effects of silvicultural treatments on understory vegetation is important in predicting the consequences of such treatments, not only on regeneration but also on wildlife habitat, visual qualities, and recreation. We sought to develop an empirical model of understory response that could be generalized to other forest types. We analyzed understory populations of tree species for 15 years following thinning to different residual relative densities in 50- to 55-year-old Allegheny hardwoods. The average number of stems 1 ft (0.3 m) tall to 1 in (2.5 cm) dbh increased for 3 to 5 years after thinning and then leveled-off or decreased after 10 or 15 years, The greatest density of understory stems developed at low residual density. In stems 1 to 3 ft (0.3 to 0.9 m) tall, the densities of shade-tolerant species were unresponsive to thinning while the shade-intolerant were most responsive. The shade-intolerant and -intermediate species increased in importance over time in the more heavily thinned treatments. In the 3 ft (0.9 m) tall to 1 in (2.5 cm) dbh size class, shade-intolerant and intermediate species were more responsive to thinning than tolerant species, but shade-tolerant species remained more important numerically throughout the study. In growth to > 1 in diameter classes was greatest by shade-tolerant stems, increased over time, and was enhanced by thinning. We used repeated measures analysis of variance to model the number of stems in these three size classes and three shade-tolerance classes as a function of residual relative density at thinning and time since treatment. These models explained 0.08 to 0.80 of the variation in stem numbers, depending on the size and tolerance class. These descriptions might be improved by reference to prior conditions of the regeneration or interfering herbaceous competition, but a model that required this information would not be capable of predicting responses to future treatments. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Yanai, RD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM rdyanai@mailbox.syr.edu NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00117-5 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YY670 UT WOS:000072171900005 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Franzreb, K AF Hanula, JL Franzreb, K TI Source, distribution and abundance of macroarthropods on the bark of longleaf pine: potential prey of the red-cockaded woodpecker SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diversity; bark; arthropod; Picoides borealis; Pinus palustris ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; BEHAVIOR; AGE AB Arthropod diversity, abundance and biomass on 50-70-year-old longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) tree boles were examined to determine the origin of the prey available to the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) and the variability of this prey over time. Traps designed to capture arthropods crawling on the bark (crawl traps), alighting on the bark (flight traps), and crawling on the ground (pitfall traps) were operated continuously for 12 months. Flight and crawl traps were placed at different heights. One-half of the trees with crawl traps were fitted with a barrier to prevent arthropods from crawling up from the ground. Arthropods were identified to genus from one weekly sample per month and subsamples were oven-dried and weighed to estimate biomass. The arthropod community on the bark included over 400 genera. Crawl trap captures were the most similar to the prey of P. borealis. Arthropod fauna captured in crawl traps had a 58% similarity to pitfall trap captures and a 60% similarity with flight trap captures. Flight and pitfall trap captures had a 10% similarity. Barriers to arthropod movement up the tree reduced the arthropod biomass on the bolt of the trees by 40-70%. Arthropod biomass was relatively evenly distributed over the tree, but varied seasonally with the highest biomass captured in the fall of the year. In general, the study showed that little of the arthropod biomass on the bark is in the form of arthropods that live exclusively in that habitat and that a large portion of the biomass is crawling up from the soil/litter layer. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, US Forest Serv, USDA, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Bldg,320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00119-9 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA YY670 UT WOS:000072171900008 ER PT J AU Cook, RJ AF Cook, RJ TI Toward a successful multinational crop plant genome initiative SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Protecting Our Food Supply - The Value of Plant Genome Initiatives CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Acad Sci AB Plant genome research is needed as the foundation for an entirely new level of efficiency and success in the application of genetics and breeding to crop plants and products from crop plants. Genetic improvements in crop plants beyond current capabilities are needed to meet the growing world demand not only for more food, but also a greater diversity of food, higher-quality food, and safer food, produced on less land, while conserving soil, water, and genetic resources. Plant biology research, which is poised for dramatic advances, also depends fundamentally on plant genome research. The current Arabidopsis Genome Project has proved of immediate value to plant biology research, but a much greater effort is needed to ensure the full benefits of plant biology and especially plant genome research to agriculture. International cooperation is critical, both because genome projects are too large for any one country and the information forthcoming is of benefit to the world and not just the countries that do the work. Recent research on grass genomes has revealed that, because of extensive senteny and colinearity within linkage groups that make up the chromosomes, new information on the genome of one grass can be used to understand the genomes and predict the location of genes on chromosomes of the other grasses. Genome research applied to grasses as a group thereby can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of breeding for improvement of each member of this group, which includes wheat, corn, and rice, the world's three most important sources of food. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rjcook@wsu.edu NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1993 EP 1995 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.5.1993 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA471 UT WOS:000072366600008 PM 9482822 ER PT J AU McMullen, MD Byrne, PF Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Lee, EA Widstrom, NW Coe, EH AF McMullen, MD Byrne, PF Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Lee, EA Widstrom, NW Coe, EH TI Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Protecting Our Food Supply - The Value of Plant Genome Initiatives CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Acad Sci DE Zea mays L.; flavonoid; flavone; insect resistance; Helicoverpa zea ID ZEA-MAYS; MAIZE; GENE; RESISTANCE; POPULATION; SILKS AB The interpretation of quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies is limited by the lack of information on metabolic pathways leading to most economic traits. inferences about the roles of the underlying genes with a pathway or the nature of their interaction with other loci are generally not possible. An exception is resistance to the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in maize (Zea mays L.) because of maysin, a C-glycosyl flavone synthesized in silks via a branch of the well characterized flavonoid pathway. Our results using flavone synthesis as a model QTL system indicate: (i) the importance of regulatory loci as QTLs, (ii) the importance of interconnecting biochemical pathways on product levels, (iii) evidence for "channeling" of intermediates, allowing independent synthesis of related compounds, (iv) the utility of QTL analysis in clarifying the role of specific genes in a biochemical pathway and (v) identification of a previously unknown locus on chromosome 9S affecting flavone level. A greater understanding of the genetic basis of maysin synthesis and associated corn earworm resistance should lead to improved breeding strategies. More broadly, the insights gained in relating a defined genetic and biochemical pathway affecting a quantitative trait should enhance interpretation of the biological basis of variation for other quantitative traits. C1 Agr Res Serv, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Agr Res Serv, Insect Biol & Populat Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 30 TC 93 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1996 EP 2000 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.5.1996 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA471 UT WOS:000072366600009 PM 9482823 ER PT J AU Coe, EH AF Coe, EH TI Potentials of the national corn genome initiative SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Protecting Our Food Supply - The Value of Plant Genome Initiatives CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Acad Sci DE Zea mays L.; genomics; expressed sequence tags; synteny; physical mapping ID MAIZE AB The present paper summarizes future needs in information and tools, technology, infrastructure, training, funding, and bioinformatics, to provide the genomic knowledge and tools for breeding and biotechnological goals in maize. The National Corn Genome Initiative (NCGA) has developed through actions taken by the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) and participation in a planning process by institutions, companies, and organizations. At the web address for the NCGI, http://www.inverizon.com/ncgi, are detailed analyses of goals and costs, impact and value, and strategy and approaches. The NCGI has also produced an informative and perceptive video suitable for public groups or schools, about agricultural contributions to life and the place of maize in these contributions. High potential can be expected, from cross-application of knowledge obtained in maize and other cereals. Development of information and tools for all crops, whether monocots or dicots, will be gained through an initiative, and each crop will be positioned to advance with cost-effective parallels, especially for expressed sequences, markers, and physical mapping. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coe, EH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 210 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2029 EP 2032 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2029 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA471 UT WOS:000072366600016 PM 9482830 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Kistler, HC Cigelnik, E Ploetz, RC AF O'Donnell, K Kistler, HC Cigelnik, E Ploetz, RC TI Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: Concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID F SP-CUBENSE; MOLECULAR MARKERS REVEAL; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STRAINS; TREE; DNA AB Panama disease of banana, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is a serious constraint both to the commercial production of banana and cultivation for subsistence agriculture. Previous work has indicated that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense consists of several clonal lineages that may be genetically distant. In this study we tested whether lineages of the Panama disease pathogen have a monophyletic origin by comparing DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. DNA sequences were obtained for translation elongation factor 1 alpha and the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA genes for F. oxysporum strains from banana, pathogenic strains from other hosts and putatively nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum. Cladograms for the two genes were highly concordant and a partition-homogeneity test indicated the two datasets could be combined. The tree inferred from the combined dataset resolved five lineages corresponding to "F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense" with a large dichotomy between two taxa represented by strains most commonly isolated from bananas with Panama disease. The results also demonstrate that the latter two taxa have significantly different chromosome numbers. F. oxysporum isolates collected as nonpathogenic or pathogenic to other hosts that have very similar or identical elongation factor 1 alpha and mitochondrial small subunit genotypes as banana pathogens were shown to cause little or no disease on banana. Taken together, these results indicate Panama disease of banana is caused by fungi with independent evolutionary origins. C1 Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 614 Z9 639 U1 13 U2 79 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2044 EP 2049 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2044 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA471 UT WOS:000072366600021 PM 9482835 ER PT J AU Colby, SM Crock, J Dowdle-Rizzo, B Lemaux, PG Croteau, R AF Colby, SM Crock, J Dowdle-Rizzo, B Lemaux, PG Croteau, R TI Germacrene C synthase from Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT Cherry tomato: cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of the multiple product sesquiterpene cyclase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE elemene; terpenoid cyclase; sesquiterpene synthase; farnesyl diphosphate cyclization ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; AROMA COMPONENTS; TERPENE CYCLASES; PYROPHOSPHATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE; VOLATILES; MECHANISM; HIRSUTUM AB Germacrene C was found by GC-MS and NMR analysis to be the most abundant sesquiterpene in the leaf oil of Lycopersicon esculentum cv, VFNT Cherry, with lesser amounts of germacrene A, guaia-6,9-diene, germacrene B, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, and germacrene D. Soluble enzyme preparations from leaves catalyzed the divalent metal ion-dependent cyclization of [1-H-3]farnesyl diphosphate to these same sesquiterpene olefins, as determined by radio-CC, To obtain a germacrene synthase cDNA, a set of degenerate primers was constructed based on conserved amino acid sequences of related terpenoid cyclases, With cDNA prepared from leaf epidermis-enriched mRNA, these primers amplified a 767-bp fragment that was used as a hybridization probe to screen the cDNA library, Thirty-one clones were evaluated for functional expression of terpenoid cyclase activity in Escherichia coli by using labeled geranyl, farnesyl, and geranylgeranyl diphosphates as substrates. Nine cDNA isolates expressed sesquiterpene synthase activity, and GC-MS analysis of the products identified germacrene C with smaller amounts of germacrene A B, and D, None of the expressed proteins was active with geranylgeranyl diphosphate; however, one truncated protein converted geranyl diphosphate to the moneterpene limonene, The cDNA inserts specify a deduced polypeptide of 548 amino acids (M-r = 64,114), and sequence comparison with other plant sesquiterpene cyclases indicates that germacrene C synthase most closely resembles cotton delta-cadinene synthase (50% identity). C1 Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Croteau, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM croteau@mail.wsu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM031354, GM31354] NR 33 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 3 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2216 EP 2221 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2216 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZA471 UT WOS:000072366600051 PM 9482865 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J TI Environmental and economic consequences of technology adoption: IPM in viticulture SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE pesticide use; toxicity; integrated pest management; grape production; self-selection ID PESTICIDES AB The impact of integrated pest management (IPM) on pesticide use, toxicity and other environmental characteristics, yields, and farm profits is examined for grape growers. The method is generally applicable for technology adoption and accounts for self-selectivity, simultaneity, and theoretical consistency. IPM adopters apply significantly less insecticides and fungicides than nonadopters among grape producers in six states, accounting for most of the U.S. production. Both the average toxicity and the Environmental Impact Quotient decrease slightly with adoption of insect IPM, but remain about the same for adopters and nonadopters of IPM for diseases. The effect of IPM adoption on yields and variable profits is positive but only significant for the case of IPM for diseases, i.e., the adoption of IPM for diseases increases yields and profits significantly. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Fernandez-Cornejo, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room 4052, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0169-5150(97)00054-6 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZK073 UT WOS:000073282200003 ER PT J AU Zabawa, RE Warren, ST AF Zabawa, RE Warren, ST TI From company to community: Agricultural community development in Macon County, Alabama, 1881 to the new deal SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on African Americans in Southern Agriculture 1877 - 1945 CY JUN, 1997 CL CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA SP Agr Hist Soc ID RESOURCE; FARMERS C1 Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Div Multidisciplinary Studies, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alabama Consortium Forestry Educ & Res, Tuskegee, AL USA. RP Zabawa, RE (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 72 IS 2 BP 459 EP 486 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 104KN UT WOS:000075013700019 ER PT J AU Warren, ST Zabawa, RE AF Warren, ST Zabawa, RE TI The origins of the Tuskegee National Forest: Nineteenth- and twentieth-century resettlement and land development programs in the black belt region of Alabama SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on African Americans in Southern Agriculture 1877 - 1945 CY JUN, 1997 CL CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA SP Agr Hist Soc C1 N Carolina State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Div Multidisciplinary Studies, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Alabama Consortium Forestry Educ & Res, Tuskegee, AL USA. Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Warren, ST (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Div Multidisciplinary Studies, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 72 IS 2 BP 487 EP 508 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 104KN UT WOS:000075013700020 ER PT J AU Powell, NL Wright, FS AF Powell, NL Wright, FS TI Subsurface microirrigated corn and peanut: Effect on soil pH SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil pH; subsurface microirrigation; corn; peanut; nitrogen; soil acidity ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; IRRIGATION METHOD; WATER-QUALITY; MICRO IRRIGATION; YIELD AB A five year study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using subsurface microirrigation for a corn (Zen mays L.) grain and peanut pod (Arachis hypogea L.) production rotation system in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the southeast United States. The effects of added fertilizer nutrients, chlorine, and amount of water applied to the soil on soil pH and total KCl exchangeable acidity were investigated. The soil was an Uchee loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludults). A total of 119 soil samples were taken from a 0.9 x 0.9 m soil profile area around the buried tubing at six sites within the research area to determine soil pH, total soil acidity. exchangeable Al acidity, and exchangeable H acidity. The value of the soil pH increased for the irrigated treatments when compared to the non-irrigated treatment. Treating the irrigation water with sodium hypochlorite to prevent emitter clogging had a net basic reaction with the soil even though 795 kg ha(-1) of N fertilizer was added to the soil during the five year study. Nitrogen added to the soil through the irrigation system included the ammonium, nitrates, and urea forms. All these forms have an acidifying effect on soil. The total KCl exchangeable soil acidity was related to exchangeable H. No exchangeable Al was detected. Exchangeable acidity patterns were similar to the pH patterns for all treatments. Application of chemicals through a subsurface microirrigation system does have a major effect on soil pH. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 VPI, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. SU, Tidewater Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Powell, NL (reprint author), VPI, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00055-3 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA ZP649 UT WOS:000073774600006 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ Karlen, DL AF Sadler, EJ Busscher, WJ Bauer, PJ Karlen, DL TI Spatial scale requirements for precision farming: A case study in the southeastern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER APPLICATION; SOIL AB Precision farming has created a critical need for spatial data on crop yield and related soil characteristics. However, because data are not without cost, users need practical guidelines for spatial resolution on which to collect soil and plant data. Our objectives were (i) to describe variation observed in crop response in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA, (ii) to compare it with variation in other regions, and (iii) to offer suggestions for precision farming practices in the southeastern Coastal Plain. From 1985 to 1995, corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields were mapped at from 10- to 20-m resolution in an 8-ha field at Florence, SC. Also available were topography (30-m resolution), depth to clay (15 m), and in 1993, plant height on one date (9 m), canopy temperature on four dates (1.5 m), and detailed crop and soil information at selected sites. Yield of all crops in all years was significantly (P < 0.0007), though not strongly (median r(2) = 0.3), correlated with soil map unit. In 1993, infrared thermometer canopy temperature minus sir temperature (Delta T-c) was correlated with soil map unit, even on the second day after a 46-mm rain. Spherical semivariograms fitted to yields had ranges from 57 to 252 m (median = 79 m) and nugget/sill ratios from 0.00 to 0.56 (median = 0.32). Semivariograms for canopy temperature and plant height had ranges from 43 to 77 m, If the spatial structure for common soil characteristics matches the spatial structure for crop response, Coastal Plain soils may require study at finer resolution than the >100-m grid that is commonly used in precision farming. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 90 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL113 UT WOS:000073400100014 ER PT J AU Pederson, GA Brink, GE AF Pederson, GA Brink, GE TI Cyanogenesis effect on insect damage to seedling white clover in a bermudagrass sod SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; ESTABLISHMENT; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM AB Cyanogenesis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) has been shown to confer resistance to a number of leaf-feeding insects and molluscs in laboratory and field studies. Most cultivars grown in tie USA, however, are acyanogenic. White clover seedlings may be damaged or killed by insect feeding during establishment into a pass sad, The objective of tin's study was to determine if white clover stand establishment in a grass sad is influenced by cyanogenesis. Two cyanogenic white clover populations, HCNpi and BLHplus, and two acyanogenic populations, 'Regal' and BLHminus, were sad-seeded into common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] at two Locations in 1994 and one location in 1995. The 1994 test in Forage Unit A was Planted on an Oktibbeha silty clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Dystrudert), The 1994 and 1995 tests in Forage Unit B mere planted on a Savannah fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudult). The studies mere conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at Mississippi State, MS. Cotyledons, unifoliate leaves, and trifoliate leaves mere rated for insect damage and leaf area loss due to insect feeding at 2, 4, and 6 wk after seeding. No differences were noted among the Populations for seedling survival at 2 wk after seeding. At 4 and 6 wk after seeding, the highly cyanogenic population, HCNpi, had fewer plants with trifoliate leaves damaged and lost less leaf area due to insect feeding than either acyanogenic population. Seedling survival at 6 mk was 88% for HCNpi, compared with 66% for acyanogenic Regal. Cyanogenesis in white clover reduced insect feeding damage and improved seedling survival in bermudagrass sod, The incorporation of limited levels of cyanogenesis into acyanogenic U.S. cultivars could improve seedling establishment without the animal toxicity concerns of highly cyanogenic types. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pederson, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 90 IS 2 BP 208 EP 210 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL113 UT WOS:000073400100017 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ AF Seiler, GJ TI Seed maturity, storage time and temperature, and media treatment effects on germination of two wild sunflowers SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVENA-FATUA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; DORMANCY; ETHANOL AB Dormancy in achenes (seeds) of wild sunflower (Helianthus) species ensures that they do not germinate in temperate climates until conditions are optimal for seedling survival. However, high achene dormancy results in low germination of achenes, precluding utilization of many wild species for domestic purposes, Interest in the use of native Helianthus species for domestic purposes such as low-maintenance ornamentals, revegetation, cut flowers, and genetic improvement of cultivated sunflower has recently increased. The objectives of this study were to evaluate germination media to overcome dormancy and enhance germination of two annual species, H. annuus L. and H. petiolaris Nutt., and to evaluate the influence of achene maturity and storage time and temperature on germination. A 1 mM gibberellic acid (GA(3)) medium was the most effective stimulant in laboratory tests for enhancing germination of H. annuus, Germination of treated achenes was 81%, compared with 38% for the control. Germination of H. petiolaris achenes was 60% with the 1 mM GA(3) medium, compared with 9% for the water control. This GA(3) medium enhanced germination regardless of achene maturity, storage time, or storage temperature. When averaged over all media, achene maturities, and storage times and temperatures, H. annuus had a germination of 41%, compared with only 21% for H. petiolaris, The age of the achenes at harvest influenced germination. Achenes harvested 20 d after flowering generally had greater germination than those harvested 40 d after flowering, especially for H. petiolaris, Storage time and temperature could not overcome the dormancy imposed prior to germination in either species. Utilization of germination media to enhance germination of wild Helianthus species will facilitate their use for domestic purposes. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM seilerg@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 90 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL113 UT WOS:000073400100020 ER PT J AU Harrell, DM Wilhelm, WW McMaster, GS AF Harrell, DM Wilhelm, WW McMaster, GS TI Scales 2: Computer program to convert among developmental stage scales for corn and small grains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-STAGES; DECIMAL CODE; WHEAT AB Producers and agronomists need crop developmental scales that are easy to use, universally accepted, and accurate. Development of such a scale requires correlation of stages among scales currently in use and correlation of developmental patterns among crops. A computer program for converting among stating systems is a useful tool in developing new staging systems with wider applicability. The BE CH scale (BASF-Bayer-Ciba-Geigy-Hoechst) has been proposed as a prototype of a universal scale. We have added the BBCH scale to our scale conversion program for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and developed a similar conversion program for corn (Zen mays L.), based on correlations reported in the literature, SCALES 2 provides a tool to translate among several widely used stales for corn and small-grain development, and can be used to develop familiarity with the various scales. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Harrell, DM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 90 IS 2 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL113 UT WOS:000073400100023 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Matthys, LA Johnson, LK AF Hunt, JR Matthys, LA Johnson, LK TI Zinc absorption, mineral balance, and blood lipids in women consuming controlled lactoovovegetarian and omnivorous diets for 8 wk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE zinc absorption; bioavailability; calcium; copper; magnesium; manganese; phosphorus; mineral balance; lactoovovegetarian diets; meat; phytic acid; lipoproteins; cholesterol; lipids; blood pressure; hypertension; women ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; COPPER ABSORPTION; VEGETARIAN DIETS; YOUNG MEN; CALCIUM; SERUM; IRON; PLASMA; MAGNESIUM; HUMANS AB Zinc absorption, mineral balance, and blood Lipid concentrations were measured in 21 women aged 33 +/- 7 y (range: 20-42 y) consuming controlled lactoovovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets for 8 wk each in a crossover design. The lactoovovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets, respectively, provided (by analysis) 973 and 995 mg Ca, 1.8 and 1.3 mg Cu, 367 and 260 mg Mg, 5.9 and 2.5 mg Mn, 1457 and 1667 mg P, 9.1 and 11.1 mg Zn, and (by calculation) 40 and 16 g dietary fiber, 2.5 and 0.8 mmol phytic acid, molar ratios of phytate to Zn of 14 and 5, and millimolar ratios of(phytate X Ca) to Zn of 344 and 111. Dietary zinc absorption was measured by extrinsic isotopic labeling and whole body counting. Plasma cholesterol, cholesterol fractions, and lipoproteins were reduced 7-12% with the lactoovovegetarian diet, consistent with predictions based on dietary cholesterol and fat. Blood pressure was unaffected. Calcium, copper, magnesium, and phosphorus balances were not different between diets; manganese balance tended to be greater with the lactoovovegetarian diet (P < 0.07). The lactoovovegetarian diet was associated with a 21% reduction in absorptive efficiency that, together with a 14% reduction in dietary zinc, reduced the amount of zinc absorbed by 35% (2.4 compared with 3.7 mg/d) and reduced plasma zinc by 5% within the normal range. Zinc balance was maintained with both diets. Although there is a greater risk of zinc deficiency in persons consuming lactoovovegetarian compared with omnivorous diets, with inclusion of whole grains and legumes zinc requirements can be met and zinc balance maintained. C1 Univ N Dakota, USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 50 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 3 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YY785 UT WOS:000072184900011 PM 9497185 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Kehayias, JJ Rosenberg, IH Heymsfield, SB Cannon, JG AF Roubenoff, R Kehayias, JJ Rosenberg, IH Heymsfield, SB Cannon, JG TI Standardization of nomenclature of body composition in weight loss - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Penn State Univ, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 67 IS 3 BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YY785 UT WOS:000072184900026 ER PT J AU Dudley, MA Burrin, DG Wykes, LJ Toffolo, G Cobelli, C Nichols, BL Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ AF Dudley, MA Burrin, DG Wykes, LJ Toffolo, G Cobelli, C Nichols, BL Rosenberger, J Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ TI Protein kinetics determined in vivo with a multiple-tracer, single-sample protocol: application to lactase synthesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brush border; compartmental modeling; fractional synthesis rate; glycoprotein; isotopomer; in vivo protein synthesis; lactase phlorizin hydrolase ID SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE; INVIVO; RAT; EXPRESSION; COLOSTRUM; TURNOVER; MUCOSA; PIG AB Precise analysis of the kinetics of protein/enzyme turnover in vivo has been hampered by the need to obtain multiple tissue samples at different times during the course of a continuous tracer infusion. We hypothesized that the problem could be overcome by using an overlapping (i.e., staggered) infusion of multiple stable amino acid isotopomers, which would take the place of multiple tissue samples. We have measured, in pigs, the in vivo synthesis rates of precursor (rapidly turning over) and mature (slowly turning over) polypeptides of lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a model for glycoprotein synthesis, by using an overlapping infusion of [H-2(3)]leucine, [C-13(1)]leucine, [C-13(1)]phenylalanine, [H-2(5)]phenylalanine, [C-13(6)]-phenylalanine, and [H-2(8)]phenylalanine. Blood samples were collected at timed intervals, and the small intestine was collected at the end of the infusion. The tracer-to-tracee ratios of each isotopomer were measured in the plasma and jejunal free amino acid pools as well as in purified LPH polypeptides. These values were used to estimate kinetic parameters in vive using a linear steady-state compartmental model. The fractional synthesis rates of the high-mannose, complex glycosylated and mature brush-border LPH polypeptides, so determined, were 3.3 +/- 1.1%/min, 17.4 +/- 11 %/min, and 0.089 +/- 0.02 %/min, respectively. We conclude that this multiple-tracer, single-sample protocol is a practicable approach to the in vive measurement of protein fractional synthesis rates when only a single tissue sample can be obtained. This method has broad application and should be particularly useful for studies in humans. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Univ Padua, Dept Elect & Informat, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Dudley, MA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 274 IS 3 BP G591 EP G598 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA ZA599 UT WOS:000072380800022 PM 9530162 ER PT J AU Errebhi, M Rosen, CJ Lauer, FI Martin, MW Bamberg, JB Birong, DE AF Errebhi, M Rosen, CJ Lauer, FI Martin, MW Bamberg, JB Birong, DE TI Screening of exotic potato germplasm for nitrogen uptake and biomass production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; USE EFFICIENCY; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES; NITRATE AB Exotic potato germplasm may contain useful traits for improving nitrogen CN) use efficiency in cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate a "mini" core collection of wild germplasm for biomass production, N uptake, and N use efficiency. A field study was conducted during the 1993 growing season on a loamy sand soil at Becker, Minnesota. Uniform transplants for 39 wild accessions and 3 varieties were grown under greenhouse conditions, and after 40 days, they were transplanted to the field. Plants were subjected to two N treatments, 0 and 225 kg N ha(-1), replicated three times in a split-plot design. Plant parts were collected separately 111 days after transplanting, dried, weighed, and analyzed for N concentration. Nitrogen rate and potato species had significant effects on total dry weight, N content, and tissue N concentration. The regression coefficient of N concentration on total dry weight was very low (r=0.22, NS), whereas the regression coefficient of total N content on total dry weight was high (r=0.94, P<0.001). At both low and high N environments, Russet Burbank had greater dry weight than all the accessions. Several wild accessions, especially S. chacoense, S. commersonii, S. kurtzianum, S. microdontum, and S. phureja, had equal to or greater dry weights than Russet Norkotah or Red Norland. For N uptake efficiency, 2, 7, and 20 accessions were ranked better than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Red Norland, respectively. Recovery of soil applied N by the varieties ranged from 16 to 36%; the top seven wild accessions recovered between 27 and 49%. Based on plant growth without added N fertilizer and relative response to N fertilizer, the species were categorized into four relative N use efficiency groups: good foragers with good response to N, poor foragers with good response to N, good foragers with poor response to N, and poor foragers with poor response to N. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Potato Intro Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Errebhi, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZR378 UT WOS:000073968700004 ER PT J AU Willis, RB Allen, PR AF Willis, RB Allen, PR TI Improved method for measuring hydrolyzable tannins using potassium iodate SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE tannins; hydrolyzable tannins; gallotannins; ellagitannins; potassium iodate; Prussian Blue spot test; gypsy moth; oak leaves ID GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE; HOST FOLIAGE; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH; DEFOLIATION; DIETS; ACID AB Until now, the recommended procedure for measuring hydrolyzable tannins has been to mis the reagent and sample, subject the mixture to a certain amount of chill, allow the reaction to continue for some time at a higher temperature and then measure the absorbance of the colored solution, The effect of different chill conditions has been studied by many workers but the effect of conditions after the chill period has not been studied, In this work, the effects of changing certain reaction variables during the increased temperature time period were examined and it was found that small changes in the reaction conditions resulted in large changes in the reaction process, Additionally, the behavior of the reaction depended on the variety of plant from which the hydrolyzable tannins were extracted and the time of the season when the leaves were collected. It is recommended that no chill be used in the colorimetric procedure but, instead, the following procedure should be used: extract the plant material with 70% acetone and take 1 ml of the extract plus 5 ml of 2.5% potassium iodate and place in a test-tube, Vortex mix the mixture and immediately place the test-tube in a 25 degrees C water bath, When the optimum length of time has passed (which should be determined for each type of plant material and must be precisely measured), remove the sample from the water-bath and measure the absorbance at 550 nm. C1 USDA, FS, NEFES, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Willis, RB (reprint author), USDA, FS, NEFES, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAR PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1039/a706862j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZC928 UT WOS:000072633100005 ER PT J AU Sanchez, V Carde, RT AF Sanchez, V Carde, RT TI Allozyme variability and genetic structure of Compsilura concinnata (Diptera : Tachinidae) populations in the northeastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Compsilura concinnata; Lymantria dispar; allozymes; biological control; population genetic structure; founder effect ID NATURAL ENEMIES; LYMANTRIIDAE; PARASITOIDS; DENSITY AB Following outbreaks of Lymantria dispar (L.) and Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) in New England in the early 1900s, the tachinid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) was collected from western Europe and released in northeastern Massachusetts in 1906 as a biological control agent. To determine the genotypic variation in populations of C. concinnata in the United States, we surveyed the allozymes in populations endemic to different geographic areas. We examined the genetic structure of C. concinnata populations from Pennsylvania New York, Maine, Connecticut, and Michigan by electrophoretic analysis of their allozymes. We evaluated genetic variability at 35 loci and found 7 polymorphic loci with 2 alleles per locus. The variability among northeastern populations of C. concinnata was greatest in 3 of 7 polymorphic loci (i.e., beta-esterase, hexoseaminidase, and phosphoglucomutase). There were no alleles unique to sites and only slight variation in allelic frequencies between sites. The low genetic variability within and among C. concinnata populations suggests there was much homogeneity in the genotypes of the founding colonies. Nonetheless, C. concinnata has established successfully and colonized new habitats. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Sanchez, V (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZT606 UT WOS:000074104700011 ER PT J AU Liao, CH McCallus, DE AF Liao, CH McCallus, DE TI Biochemical and genetic characterization of an extracellular protease from Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AERUGINOSA ALKALINE PROTEASE; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; PECTATE LYASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SECRETION; CLONING; BACTERIA; METALLOPROTEASE; VIRIDIFLAVA; PROTEINASE AB Pseudomonas fluorescens CY091 cultures produce an extracellular protease with an estimated molecular mass of 50 kDa. Production of this enzyme (designated AprX) was observed in media containing CaCl2 or SrCl2 but not in media containing ZnCl2, MgCl2, or MnCl2. The requirement of Ca2+ (or Sr2+) for enzyme production was concentration dependent, and the optimal concentration for production was determined to be 0.35 mM. Following ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, the AprX in the culture supernatant was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity, Over 20% of the enzyme activity was retained in the AprX sample which had been heated in boiling water for 10 min, indicating that the enzyme is highly resistant to heat inactivation, The enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline, but only 30% of the activity was inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EGTA, The gene encoding AprX was cloned from the genome of P. fluorescens CY091 by isolating cosmid clones capable of restoring the protease production in a nonproteolytic mutant of strain CY091, The genomic region of strain CY091 containing the aprX gene was located within a 7.3 kb DNA fragment, Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of this 7.3-kb fragment revealed the presence of a cluster of genes required for the production of extracellular AprX in P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli. The AprX protein showed 50 to 60% identity in amino acid sequence to the related proteases produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Erwinia chrysanthemi. Two conserved sequence domains possibly associated with Ca2+ and Zn2+ binding were identified. Immediately adjacent to the aprX structural gene, a gene (inh) encoding a putative protease inhibitor and three genes (aprD, aprE, and aprF), possibly required for the transport of AprX, were also identified. The organization of the gene cluster involved in the synthesis and secretion of AprX in P. fluorescens CY091 appears to be somewhat different from that previously demonstrated in P. aeruginosa and E. chrysanthemi. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 914 EP 921 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YZ798 UT WOS:000072292700017 PM 9501431 ER PT J AU Bond, DR Russell, JB AF Bond, DR Russell, JB TI Relationship between intracellular phosphate, proton motive force, and rate of nongrowth energy dissipation (energy spilling) in Streptococcus bovis JB1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRUVATE-KINASE; LACTIS; GLUCOSE; GROWTH; ATP; FERMENTATION; CONDUCTANCE; LIMITATION; METABOLISM; GLYCOLYSIS AB When the rate of glucose addition to nongrowing Streptococcus bovis cell suspensions was increased, the fermentation was homolactic, fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) increased, intracellular inorganic phosphate (P-i) declined, and the energy-spilling rate increased, ATP and ADP were not significantly affected by glucose consumption rate, but the decrease in P-i was sufficient to cause an increase in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (Delta G'p). The increase in Delta G'p was correlated with an increase in proton motive force (Delta p). S. bovis continuous cultures (dilution rate of 0.65 h(-1)) that were provided with ammonia as the sole nitrogen source also had high rates of lactate production and energy spilling, When Trypticase was added as a source of amino acids, lactate production decreased; a greater fraction of the glucose was converted to acetate, formate, and ethanol; and the energy-spilling rate decreased, Trypticase also caused a decrease in FDP, an increase in P-i, and a decrease in Delta p. The change in Delta p could be explained by P-i-dependent changes in the Delta G'p. When P-i declined, Delta G'p and Delta p increased, The ratio of Delta G'p to Delta p (millivolt per millivolt) was always high (>4) at low rates of energy spilling but declined when the energy-spilling rate increased, Based on these results, it appears that Delta p and the energy-spilling rate are responsive to fluctuations in the intracellular P-i concentration. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Bond, Daniel/0000-0001-8083-7107 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 976 EP 981 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YZ798 UT WOS:000072292700025 PM 9501437 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Graczyk, TK Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Farley, CA AF Fayer, R Graczyk, TK Lewis, EJ Trout, JM Farley, CA TI Survival of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in seawater and Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Chesapeake Bay SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE WATERS; BOVINE AB Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum placed in artificial seawater at salinities of 10, 20, and 30 ppt at 10 degrees C and at 10 ppt at 20 degrees C were infectious after 12 weeks, Those placed in seawater at 20 ppt and 30 ppt at 20 degrees C were infectious for 8 and 4 weeks, respectively, These findings suggested that oocysts could survive in estuarine waters long enough to be removed by filter feeders such as oysters, Thereafter, 30 Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were collected,vith a dredge or with hand tongs at each of six sites within Maryland tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay in May and June and in August and September of 1997, Hemocytes and gill washings from all oysters were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts by immunofluorescence microscopy utilizing a commercially available kit containing fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies, Giardia was not detected by this method from any of the 360 oysters examined, Presumptive identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts was made in either hemocytes or gill washings of oysters from all six sites both times that surveys were conducted, In addition, during August and September, for each of the six sites, hemocytes from the 30 oysters were pooled and gill washings from the oysters were pooled, Each pool was delivered by gastric intubation to a litter of neonatal mice to produce a bioassay for oocyst infectivity, Intestinal tissue from two of three mice that received gill washings from oysters collected at a site near a large cattle farm and shoreline homes with septic tanks was positive for developmental stages of C. parvum, These findings demonstrate for the first time that oysters in natural waters harbor infectious C. parvum oocysts and can serve as mechanical vectors of this pathogen. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 1070 EP 1074 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YZ798 UT WOS:000072292700040 PM 9501446 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL AF Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL TI Ability of apomorphine and lithium chloride to create food aversions in cattle SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conditioned food aversion; emetics; apomorphine toxicity ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; RATS; INGESTION; RETENTION; RUMINANTS; COCAINE; ROUTE AB Lithium chloride is the most common emetic used to create food aversions in laboratory animals and livestock. However, it is slowly excreted or metabolized, and requires several days for animals to recover. Because of its caustic nature and the large quantities required by cattle and sheep, lithium is best administered directly into the rumen and diluted by rumen fluid. The objective of this study was to evaluate apomorphine as an alternative emetic to create food aversions in cattle. A pilot study showed doses of apomorphine at 0.2 mg/kg BW caused some discomfort in cattle. Doses of 0.4 mg/kg BW and above resulted in severe intoxication and excessive discomfort. We then compared intramuscular injection of apomorphine at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg BW, to the standard dose of lithium chloride (200 mg/kg BW by gavage), and to a central treatment (200 mi water by gavage). Four heifers (428 kg) were randomly placed in each group. The heifers consumed flavored alfalfa pellets for 5 min, then were restrained in a chute and administered the respective treatment. The strength and longevity of the aversion was tested by offering the flavored pellets in single-choice extinction trials for six days. The Lithium group did not consume any flavored pellets, thus maintaining a total aversion. Both apomorphine groups reduced consumption to 40% of baseline intake, but the aversion extinguished by the end of the trial. There was no difference between the two apomorphine doses. Under these conditions, lithium chloride is superior to apomorphine in creating and maintaining taste aversions in cattle. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 56 IS 2-4 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00090-7 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA ZF731 UT WOS:000072927300005 ER PT J AU Jeffries, T Himmel, M AF Jeffries, T Himmel, M TI Applied biological research SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NREL, Golden, CO USA. RP Jeffries, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 70-2 BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF02920128 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZP593 UT WOS:000073769000012 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Dien, BS Bothast, RJ AF Saha, BC Dien, BS Bothast, RJ TI Fuel ethanol production from corn fiber - Current status and technical prospects SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO DE fuel ethanol; corn fiber; pretreatment; enzymatic saccharification; fermentation ID EXTRACELLULAR BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CANDIDA-WICKERHAMII; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; L-ARABINOSE; D-XYLOSE; PURIFICATION; STRAIN; TOLERANT; YEASTS AB Corn fiber, which consists of about 20% starch, 14% cellulose, and 35% hemicellulose, has the potential to serve as a low cost feedstock for production of fuel ethanol. Currently, the use of corn fiber to produce fuel ethanol faces significant technical and economic challenges. Its success depends largely on the development of environmentally friendly pretreatment procedures, highly effective enzyme systems for conversion of pretreated corn fiber to fermentable sugars, and efficient microorganisms to convert multiple sugars to ethanol. Several promising pretreatment and enzymatic processes for conversion of corn fiber cellulose, hemicellulose, and remaining starch to fermentable sugars were evaluated. These hydrolyzates were then examined for ethanol production in bioreactors, using genetically modified bacteria and yeast. Several novel enzymes were also developed for use in pretreated corn fiber saccharification. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 70-2 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF02920129 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZP593 UT WOS:000073769000013 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Yang, VW Davis, MW AF Jeffries, TW Yang, VW Davis, MW TI Comparative study of xylanase kinetics using dinitrosalicylic, arsenomolybdate, and ion chromatographic assays SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE oligosaccharides; degradation; pulsed amperometric detection; xylanase; chromatography AB Xylanases are commonly assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) or the arsenomolybdate (ARS) method. However, specific activities are many times higher with DNS than with ARS. This is because the DNS assay is more reactive and the ARS assay is less reactive with xylooligosaccharides than with xylose. Xylose is often used as a standard, even though oligosaccharides are prevalent, so the DNS method overestimates and the ARS method underestimates specific activity. Ion chromatography, with pulsed amperometric detection, separates and measures all products and intermediates, but quantitation on a molar basis is difficult, because few xylooligosaccharide response factors are known. This report directly compares these three assay methods for the assay of xylanase activities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 70-2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1007/BF02920142 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZP593 UT WOS:000073769000026 PM 18575995 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV AF Zimba, PV TI The use of nutrient enrichment bioassays to test for limiting factors affecting epiphytic growth in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: confirmation of nitrogen and silica limitation SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL LAKE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PERIPHYTON; WATERS AB Nutrient enrichment bioassays were developed to test for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silica (Si) limitation of epiphytic biomass in eutrophic Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA. Quarterly assays on artificial (plastic) Hydrilla plants exposed to lake water for 7 days prior to nutrient addition were evaluated by changes in chlorophyll-a relative to controls. Epiphytic biomass was measured at 24-h intervals for 72 h; nitrogen and silica additions had a stimulatory effect on biomass during all experiments, whereas phosphorus additions were never stimulatory. These results are consistent with recent analyses of phytoplankton growth limitation by nitrogen in this phosphorus-enriched ecosystem, and additionally suggest silica should be considered as a limiting nutrient for microalgal communities dominated by diatoms. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 141 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZG270 UT WOS:000072984200006 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO Faibis, V Jacobs, JM Jacobs, NJ AF Dayan, FE Duke, SO Faibis, V Jacobs, JM Jacobs, NJ TI Horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of deuteroporphyrin IX into chlorins SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chlorins; porphyrins; degradation; glutathione; peroxidase ID CHLOROPHYLL-PORPHYRIN; ONE-ELECTRON; GLUTATHIONE; RADICALS; EUGENOL; OXYGEN AB Chlorins are cyclic tetrapyrrole derivatives of great interest for use in photodynamic therapy, We have found that horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) (HRP) can convert deuteroporphyrin IX (Deutero) into chlorins, Some characteristics of this enzymatic transformation were investigated, The formation of chlorins was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the change in absorbance in the Q-band region (638 nn), The reaction occurred without addition of H2O2 and had a pH optimum of 7.5. The presence of thiol containing reductants, with a great preference for reduced glutathione, was required and could not be substituted by adding H2O2. Ascorbic acid acted as a potent inhibitor of the reaction, while other organic acids (citric and benzoic) had little to no inhibitory effect, The requirement for O-2 was suggested by the inhibitory effect of sodium hydrosulfite and was confirmed by carrying the assay in nitrogen-saturated solutions, Though the reaction occurred without adding H2O2, low amounts of H2O2 (3-30 mu M) were stimulatory to the assay, However, concentrations of 300 mu M H2O2 Or higher were inhibitory, Similarly, light was not required, but was stimulatory at low levels and inhibitory at high levels, Catalase and deferoxamine were inhibitory, but superoxide dismutase and mannitol had no effects. Kinetic analysis and respiratory studies suggest that HRP may initially react with reduced glutathione in a reaction that does not consume much oxygen, The ensuing steps, probably involving an oxygen free radical and porphyrin radical intermediates, consume a large amount of O-2 to oxidize Deutero into chlorin. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, NPURU,USDA,ARS, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, NPURU,USDA,ARS, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAR 1 PY 1998 VL 351 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1006/abbi.1997.0533 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YZ944 UT WOS:000072310900004 PM 9500844 ER PT J AU Xu, RP Yokoyama, WH Irving, D Rein, D Walzem, RL German, JB AF Xu, RP Yokoyama, WH Irving, D Rein, D Walzem, RL German, JB TI Effect of dietary catechin and vitamin E on aortic fatty streak accumulation in hypercholesterolemic hamsters SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; atherosclerosis; catechin; fatty streak accumulation; flavonoids; hamsters; lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoproteins; vitamin E ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FLAVONOID INTAKE; E CONSUMPTION; OXIDATION; PLASMA; WOMEN; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; LDL AB Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed for 16 weeks on a hypercholesterolemic diet containing, per kg, 150 g of lipids (90 g butterfat, 35 g vitamin E-stripped corn oil and 25 g fish oil), 2 g cholesterol and either 3 IU vitamin E (3 IU E), 3 IU vitamin E and 200 mg catechin hydrate (3 IU E-200 Cat) or 30 IU vitamin E (30 IU E). More fatty streaks, measured by Oil Red O staining, were deposited in aortas of hamsters fed 3 IU E than in those fed either 3 IU E-200 Cat or 30 IU E. Lipid staining increased with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in all animals. At the same concentration of LDL-C, animals fed either 3 IU E-200 Cat or 30 IU E developed less fatty streaks than those fed 3 IU E. Plasma LDL-C and total cholesterol were highest in hamsters fed 3 IU E and LDL-C and total cholesterol in animals fed 3 IU-200 Cat were not different from those fed either 3 IU E or 30 IU E. This study showed the importance of circulating plasma LDL-C on atherogenesis and the inhibitory effect on this process of both dietary vitamin E and catechin. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP German, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 44 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAR PY 1998 VL 137 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00248-7 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZG801 UT WOS:000073041100004 PM 9568734 ER PT J AU Tilly-Kiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Rintarahko, J Taskinen, MR AF Tilly-Kiesi, M Lichtenstein, AH Rintarahko, J Taskinen, MR TI Postprandial responses of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in subjects with apoA-I(Lys(107)-> 0) SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE postprandial; cholesterol; plasma lipids; LpAI; LpAI : AII; ApoA-I; triglyceride ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HEPATIC LIPASE; ALIMENTARY LIPEMIA; PARTICLES; METABOLISM; MEN AB Subjects with apoA-I(Lys(107)-->0) deletion mutation have reduced levels of plasma HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, apoA-II and Lp(AI:AII). In the present study were describe the postprandial responses of apoA-I(Lys(107)-->0) subjects (n=6) to the ingestion of a fat rich meal compared to the responses of their unaffected family members (n=6). The postprandial plasma triglyceride responses were comparable in the two groups of subjects. Plasma postprandial HDL cholesterol levels fell in both groups; patients (0.89+/-0.05-0.76+/-0.06 mmol/l, P=0.0032) and control subjects (1.32+/-0.25-1.18+/-0.21 mmol/l; P=0.0022). HDL2 cholesterol levels tended to rise, but the changes were not significant. By contrast, in both patients and control subjects, the HDL3 cholesterol levels fell; patients (0.52+/-0.15-0.37+/-0.11 mmol/l, P=0.0068) and control subjects (0.63+/-0.10-0.49+/-0.08 mmol/l, P=0.0078), respectively. In both patients and control subjects the plasma HDL2 mass increased in response to the fat meal; patients (94.7+/-37.3-114.3+/-28.8 mg/dl, P=0.0397) and control subjects (142.1+/-32.8-168.1+/-29.8 mg/dl, P=0.0298), whereas HDL3 mass decreased; patients (162.3+/-36.8-131.4+/-28.9 mg/dl, P=0.0251) and control subjects (185.5+/-34.1-161.1+/-29.0 mg/dl, P=0.0021), respectively. In control subjects the triglyceride levels increased in both HDL2 (0.10+/-0.06-0.17+/-0.06 mmol/l; P=0.0005) and to a lesser extent in HDL3 (0.10+/-0.03-0.12+/-0.02 mmol/l, P=0.0017). In patients, triglyceride levels in both HDL subclasses remained unchanged. Changes in the concentration of Lp(AI) in HDL2 and HDL3 were comparable in the two groups of subjects. The Lp(AI:AII) concentration in HDL2 remained unchanged in the patients, but increased in control subjects (change +27%, P=0.0026). Consequently, the 20% difference at baseline in the concentration of Lp(AI:AII) in HDL2 between the patients and control subjects increased postprandially to 45% (P=0.0240). The Lp(AI:AII) concentration in HDL3 decreased in both groups, but the changes were non-significant. Our findings show that in postprandial state, no accumulation of triglycerides in HDL subclasses occurs in patients with apoA-I(Lys(107)-->0) and that these patients appear to lack the ability to respond to fat feeding by increasing the Lp(AI:AII) concentration in HDL2. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Med, Helsinki, Finland. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tilly-Kiesi, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Med, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, Finland. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAR PY 1998 VL 137 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00250-5 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ZG801 UT WOS:000073041100005 PM 9568735 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ AF Massman, WJ TI A review of the molecular diffusivities of H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, O-3, SO2, NH3, N2O, NO, AND NO2 in air, O-2 AND N-2 near STP SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE gaseous coefficients of diffusivity; gaseous binary diffusion ID 11 POLYATOMIC GASES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LOW-DENSITY; EQUILIBRIUM AB Accurate knowledge of the coefficients of molecular diffusivity (D) of trace gases has important application to global change; atmospheric chemistry, combustion science, studies of indoor air pollution and atmosphere-biosphere interactions. This study reviews and re-analyzes the historical data and some modeling results for D for H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, O-3, SO2, NH3, N2O, NO, and NO2 in air, N-2 and O-2. Because CO and N-2 are isosteric molecules the self-diffusion coefficient for N-2 and D for N-2 in O-2 are also evaluated as an independent check on the determination of D for CO. Also included is the coefficient of self-diffusion of O-2 (D-O2,D-O2) because an earlier model parameterized D for O-3 in O-2 in terms of D-O2,D-O2. Because D is a function of temperature and pressure, all modeling results and data are corrected to 1 atm pressure and then used with a one-and two-parameter regression model to determine optimal values for the temperature exponent and the value of D at 0 degrees C. For most experimental data the loess regression technique is used to identify and eliminate outliers. To simplify comparisons and usage all results and recommendations are standardized to one regression curve. For some gases like H2O and CO2 present results are similar to some (but not all) values cited in current sources. However, the coefficient of diffusivity in air for some very important gases, such as O-3, NO and NO2, have never been measured and therefore, remain relatively uncertain. Based on present recommendations it is suggested that the ratio of the diffusivities of water vapor and ozone should be 1.51 rather than the often cited 1.65. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 137 TC 303 Z9 315 U1 14 U2 124 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00391-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZP044 UT WOS:000073710900015 ER PT J AU Souissi, T Kremer, RJ AF Souissi, T Kremer, RJ TI A rapid microplate callus bioassay for assessment of rhizobacteria for biocontrol of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; callus tissue culture; Euphorbia esula; leafy spurge; rhizosphere bacteria; weed management ID PLANT-GROWTH; CULTURE; PHYTOTOXICITY AB Screening large collections of microorganisms for potential biological control activity on economically important weeds is often difficult. Seeds required as indicator species are often not available in large supply and are highly variable in viability and germination, resulting in uneven seedling development. A bioassay system for rapidly assessing the phytotoxic effects of rhizobacteria was developed based on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) callus tissue culture in multiple-well plates. Callus pieces (0.5 g) were placed in 24-well plates containing Gamborg's B5 medium, inoculated with rhizobacterial suspension and incubated at 27 degrees C for 48 h. By rating inoculated callus for cellular damage, about 30% of rhizobacteria isolated from weedy Euophorbia spp. collected in Europe and North America were identified as being highly phytotoxic. Symptoms of phytotoxicity included growth reduction, discoloration and extensive cellular leakage. A high proportion of isolates found to be phytotoxic in tissue culture bioassays were similarly effective in standard leafy spurge seedling bioassays. The method is rapid, host specific and more uniform compared with assays using seedlings, and should be adaptable to other weed species for screening microorganisms for potential biocontrol activity. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, 144 Mumford Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 8 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZJ542 UT WOS:000073227200008 ER PT J AU Purcell, MF Herr, JC Messing, RH Wong, TTY AF Purcell, MF Herr, JC Messing, RH Wong, TTY TI Interactions between augmentatively released Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and a complex of opiine parasitoids in a commercial guava orchard SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE augmentative release; opiine; parasitoids; guava; tephritidae; biological control; Diachasmimorpha longicaudata; Biosteres arisanus; Biosteres vandenboschi; Psyttalia incisi ID ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY; TEPHRITIDAE POPULATION; ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; KULA AREA; HAWAII; ABUNDANCE; HOST AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of augmentatively releasing mass-reared Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) on a complex of four co-existing parasitoid species which attach the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). The species belonging to this complex are the egg-pupal parasitoid, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) and the larval-pupal parasitoids, Biosteres vandenbosch (Fullaway), D. longicaudata and Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri). The study site was a 160-ha commercial orchard of common guava, Psidium guajava L. (cv. Beaumont) located on Kauai island. One year before the release of D. longicaudata, B. arisanus was the dominant parasitoid, accounting for 91.1% of the parasitoids recovered. Despite releases of large numbers of D. longicaudata (600 000-800 000 parasitized puparial week), B. arisanus continued to account for 90% of all parasitoids recovered from the oriental fruit fly. The larval parasitoid P. incisi may have been reduced as a result of D. longicaudata releases. D. longicaudata was significantly more abundant in over-ripe and rotting fruits compared with freshly fallen fruits. However, no increase in the overall percentage parasitism was observed in any fruit ripeness category. B. arisanus was efficient at colonizing hosts when fruit fly densities and fruit abundance were relatively low in the orchard. The implications for future augmentative release programmes with D. longicaudata are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Fruit Vegetable & Ornamental Crop Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Kauai Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, Kapaa, HI 96746 USA. USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Purcell, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Fruit Vegetable & Ornamental Crop Res Lab, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 8 IS 1 BP 139 EP 151 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZJ542 UT WOS:000073227200013 ER PT J AU Van, TK Wheeler, GS Center, TD AF Van, TK Wheeler, GS Center, TD TI Competitive interactions between hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and vallisneria (Vallisneria americana) as influenced by insect herbivory SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; plant competition; addition series; dioecious hydrilla; vallisneria; Hydrellia pakistanae; Bagous hydrillae; herbivory; aquatic weeds ID HYDRELLIA-PAKISTANAE DIPTERA; ALTERNATIVE APPROACH; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GROWTH; COLEOPTERA; EPHYDRIDAE; DYNAMICS; AGENT; LAKE AB Two experiments (winter and summer) were conducted in outdoor tanks using addition-series methods to evaluate the impact of specialized feeding by two biological control agents, Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier and Bagous hydrillae O'Brien, on competitive interactions between hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] and vallisneria (Vallisneria americana Michx). Competitive abilities of each plant species were determined using the reciprocal-yield model of mean plant weight. In the absence of the biocontrol agents, intraspecific competition from hydrilla on itself was 8.3 times stronger than interspecific competition from vallisneria. Hydrellia pakistanae interfered with hydrilla canopy formation by removing as much as 80% of the plant biomass in the top 30 cm of the water column. Damage by H. pakistanae also caused a 43% reduction in hydrilla tuber production during the winter experiment. Similarly, B. hydrillae caused up to a 48% reduction in hydrilla plant weight in the summer experiment. Neither insect species damaged vallisneria. As a result, there were significant shifts in the competitive balance between hydrilla and vallisneria due to selective insect feedings. In the presence of H. pakistanae, hydrilla intraspecific competition was nearly equal to interspecific competition from vallisneria, indicating that hydrilla had lost its competitive edge over vallisneria. Bagous hydrillae also produced similar, but smaller, shifts in the relative competitive abilities of hydrilla and vallisneria. These results indicate that biological control agents can disrupt the competitive balance between plant species in favor of native species, thus adding another element to the weed biological control strategies. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Res Unit, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Res Unit, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 33 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0594 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZB942 UT WOS:000072523800001 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Vulinec, K Menezes, E Aluja, M AF Sivinski, J Vulinec, K Menezes, E Aluja, M TI The bionomics of Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera : Diapriidae) and other pupal parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; Chalcidae; Coptera; Diapriidae; Dirhinus; Pteromalidae; Spalangia ID FLY DIPTERA; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; APPLE MAGGOT; LOEW DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA; FORMICIDAE; PREDATION; LARVAL AB The endoparasitoid Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Diapriidae) was discovered in Mexico attacking the pupae of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). Typically, parasitoids of Diptera Cychlorrhapha pupae develop as ectoparasitoids and are generalists that attack hosts in a number of families. Aspects of the bionomics of C. haywardi were compared to those of two chalcidoid ectoparasitoids, Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood and Spalangia gemina Boucek. C. haywardi developed in three genera of Tephritidae, but not in species of other families. The two species of chalcidoids developed in all the calypterate and acalypterate hosts to which they were exposed. In an olfactometer C. haywardi preferred Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) pupae, while the chalcidoids preferred the pupae of Musca domestica L. This preference in S. gemina was diminished in insects that had been reared on A. suspensa. C. haywardi oviposited in the A. suspensa pupae that had been previously parasitized by the braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). However, it completed development only in unparasitized pupae. Mortality of the primary parasitoid due to D. himalayanus was approximately two-thirds the mortality inflicted on the host fly. S. gemina did not discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized pupae of A. suspensa and developed in both. C. haywardi appears to have a more restricted host range relative to chalcidoid pupal parasitoids and this may be due to its endoparasitic development. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0597 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZB942 UT WOS:000072523800002 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Greany, PD AF Carpenter, JE Greany, PD TI Comparative development and performance of artificially reared versus host-reared Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) wasps SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Diapetimorpha introita; Spodoptera; artificial diet; in vitro rearing ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PARASITISM; PREDATORS; PUPAE AB Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a native ectoparasitoid of Spodoptera spp. pupae, was reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet devoid of any insect host components. Diet-reared wasps demonstrated a propensity to search for and parasitize natural hosts in a field cage trial. Longevity of the diet-reared wasps was comparable with the longevity of wasps reared on host pupae. Survival rate of D. introita was 61.3% when reared on diet and 76.3% when reared on host pupae. Wasps reared on the artificial diet had longer developmental times, reduced fecundity, and reduced adult weights compared to wasps reared on host pupae. These studies suggest that future research efforts should focus on increasing fecundity and weight of diet-reared wasps and decreasing the mortality and developmental time of wasps reared on the artificial diet. The ability to rear D. introita on an inexpensive, artificial diet significantly enhances the potential of mass rearing this parasitoid for inundative releases against Spodoptera spp. C1 ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0596 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZB942 UT WOS:000072523800003 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Struttmann, JM Mornhinweg, DW AF Brewer, MJ Struttmann, JM Mornhinweg, DW TI Aphelinus albipodus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) and Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) parasitism on Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera : Aphididae) infesting barley plants differing in plant resistance to aphids SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; plant resistance; tritrophic interaction; Diuraphis noxia; Hordeum vulgare; Aphelinus albipodus; Diaeretiella rapae ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; HOSTS; DAMAGE AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), as a pest of small grains, ha's prompted research into biological control and host plant resistance. In the presence of Russian wheat aphid, leaves of a susceptible barley (Morex) are curled and chlorotic and sustain large densities of this aphid, while leaves of a resistant barley (STARS-9301B) remain hat and green and sustain fewer aphids. Might parasitism of Russian wheat aphid by Aphelinus albipodus Hayat & Fatima and Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh be affected differently by these plant types? When presented the plants separately and based on parasitism rate relative to aphid density, the larger D. rapae was more effective in parasitizing relatively high densities of aphids within curled leaves of Morex than relatively low densities of aphids on uncurled leaves of STARS-9301B. Parasitism by A. albipodus did not significantly differ among the plants. When given a choice of plants, approximately equal rates of parasitism occurred on the two plant lines for both parasitoid species, and parasitism by D. rapae was greater than A. albipodus. These data indicate that using parasitoid size as an indicator of success in a physically restricted environment may be misleading, when considered in a plant environment responsive in several manners to aphids (chlorosis, curling, and ability to sustain Russian wheat aphid). We expect that use of resistant barley will result in decreased parasitoid abundance as aphid densities decrease. However, parasitism rates are expected to be approximately equal on resistant and susceptible barley. In this system, plant resistance and biocontrol are compatible management strategies. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, POB 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0599 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA ZB942 UT WOS:000072523800010 ER PT J AU Childress, AM Bennett, JW Connick, WJ Daigle, DJ AF Childress, AM Bennett, JW Connick, WJ Daigle, DJ TI Formulation of filamentous fungi for bioremediation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; BIOAUGMENTATION; ALGINATE; INOCULA AB Mycelia of Marasmiellus troyanus embedded in calcium alginate granules with corn cob grits as a nutritive amendment were viable after one year with refrigeration but inviable when stored at room temperature. With refrigeration, Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelia and spores embedded in alginate were both viable after one year. At room temperature, spores encapsulated in alginate granules gave good viability while mycelial formulations did not. In all trials, corn cob grits was superior to saw dust for extending shelf life. Corn cob grits-amended granules of both species were able to germinate and grow in both uncontaminated soil and chemical waste-contaminated soil. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Childress, AM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1023/A:1008869323925 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZB490 UT WOS:000072477800006 ER PT J AU Medina, MB Fratamico, PM AF Medina, MB Fratamico, PM TI Binding interactions of collagen I, laminin and fibronectin with immobilized Escherichia coli O157 : H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; IDENTIFICATION; ATTACHMENT; ADHESIN; SITES AB Real-time interactions of collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate with immobilized Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells were studied with a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Results showed that collagen I and laminin bound to the E. coli surface but fibronectin had very low binding while hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate had no detectable interaction. Calcium ion inhibited laminin binding but enhanced collagen I binding. This research provides a model system to study the interactions of bacterial cells with extracellular matrix components. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mmedina@arserrc.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1008829609813 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ZB490 UT WOS:000072477800011 ER PT J AU Delaney, M Brown, S Lugo, AE Torres-Lezama, A Quintero, NB AF Delaney, M Brown, S Lugo, AE Torres-Lezama, A Quintero, NB TI The quantity and turnover of dead wood in permanent forest plots in six life zones of Venezuela SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE dead wood; tropical forests; turnover rate; Venezuela; woody debris ID NORTHEASTERN YUCATAN PENINSULA; TROPICAL FORESTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DEBRIS; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; OREGON; AMAZON; MASS AB Dead wood can be an important component of the carbon pool in many forests, but few measurements have been made of this pool in tropical forests. To fill this gap, we determined the quantity of dead wood (downed and standing dead) in 25 long-term (up to 30 yr) permanent forest plots located in six different life zones of Venezuela. Downed wood was separated into fine (< 10 cm in diameter) and coarse (greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter) classes, and three decomposition scares (sound, intermediate, or rotten). The total quantity of dead wood, averaged by life zone, was lowest in the dry (2.43 Mg/ha), reached a peak in the moist (42.33 Mg/ha) and decreased slightly in the wet (34.50 Mg/ha) life zone. Most of the dead wood was in the standing dead category (about 42-76% of the total). The decomposition state of dead wood in all plots was mostly rotten (45%) or intermediate (44%); there was little sound wood (11%). Turnover rates of dead wood generally ranged between 0.03/yr to 0.52/yr with no clear trend with life zone. The large amount of dead wood In some plots was equivalent to about 20 percent or less of aboveground biomass, indicating that dead wood can represent a significant amount of carbon in these forests. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Los Andes, Inst Silvicultura, Merida, Venezuela. RP Brown, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 33 TC 94 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 22 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00364.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZG159 UT WOS:000072972300001 ER PT J AU Dawson, JM Greathead, HMR Craigon, J Hachey, DL Reeds, PJ Pell, JM Buttery, PJ AF Dawson, JM Greathead, HMR Craigon, J Hachey, DL Reeds, PJ Pell, JM Buttery, PJ TI The interaction between nutritional status and growth hormone in young cattle: differential responsiveness of fat and protein metabolism SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; palmitate; leucine; cattle ID FACTOR-I; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; LIPID-METABOLISM; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWING PIGS; BEEF STEERS; IGF-I; INSULIN AB The effect of dietary intake level on in vivo plasma leucine and plasma palmitate flux rates and on the response to a bolus injection of bovine growth hormone (GH) was investigated in six young steers. Animals were fed on a pelleted diet of dried grass-barley (0.7:0.3, w/w) in quantities sufficient to supply 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4 or 2.65 x maintenance energy requirement, offered in hourly portions. Continuous intravenous infusions of [1-C-13]leucine or [1-C-13]palmitate were used to determine the flux of amino acid and fatty acid through the plasma pool before, immediately (1-3 h) after and 22-24 h after a subcutaneous injection of bovine GH (0.55 mg/kg body weight). Hourly blood samples were taken for 27 h to monitor the temporal responses of circulating hormones and metabolites following GH administration. The animal on the lowest plane of nutrition had elevated plasma GH and reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations compared with those fed on higher intake levels. Plasma leucine flux and leucine concentration increased with intake while palmitate flux and plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were inversely related to intake. Leucine flux rate decreased in the animals fed on the two highest intake levels in response to GH 22-24 h after administration, but plasma leucine concentrations were reduced in all animals at this time. Only the animal fed on the lowest intake level showed an immediate response to GH (within 3 h of administration) with increased palmitate flux and plasma NEFA concentrations but a lipolytic response was apparent in other animals 22-24 h post-administration although the magnitude of the response was markedly reduced at high intakes. We conclude that lipid and protein metabolism are differentially responsive to GH and nutritional status. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Babraham Inst, Cambridge CB2 4AT, England. RP Dawson, JM (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 79 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1079/BJN19980045 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZF259 UT WOS:000072879600008 PM 9577306 ER PT J AU Garbelotto, M Otrosina, WJ Cobb, FW Bruns, TD AF Garbelotto, M Otrosina, WJ Cobb, FW Bruns, TD TI The European S and F intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum may represent sympatric protospecies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE species complex; protospecies; sympatric; mating barriers; host specificity ID REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; DROSOPHILA-MOJAVENSIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; SEXUAL ISOLATION; DNA; ANIMALS; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIFICITY; SPECIATION; GENE AB In those regions of Europe where they coexist, the F and S intersterility groups (ISGs) of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. are primarily found on Abies spp. and Picea abies (L.) Karst., respectively. Eighty-three isolates of H. annosum were collected from Abies alba Mill. from 19 sites in Italy, including 10 Abies-Picea mixed conifer stands in the eastern Alps. The ISGs of a subsample of 34 isolates were determined by ISG-diagnostic arbitrary-primed (AP) PCR primers. For a subsample of 16 isolates, including two S isolates from Norway and one S isolate from California, nuclear markers generated by AP-PCR analysis, and mitochondrial markers generated by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and sequencing of the ML5-ML6 region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA gene indicated that, in Europe, (i) the F and S ISGs can be found in the same forest stand but they are two genetically distinct units with restricted gene flow between them; (ii) each of the two ISGs is monophyletic and may lack strong genetic substructuring in subpopulations; and (iii) the two ISGs are closely related to each other and their nearest common close relative is the allopatric S ISG from North America. By combining these results with paleobotanical information and results from previous studies, we postulate a recent sympatric divergence of these two groups driven by differential host specificity and mating barriers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Garbelotto, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 397 EP 409 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZX152 UT WOS:000074484600004 ER PT J AU Potash, LL Agee, JK AF Potash, LL Agee, JK TI The effect of fire on red heather (Phyllodoce empetriformis) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE red heather; Phyllodoce empetriformis; fire; subalpine meadows; Pacific Northwest ID SCOTTISH HEATHLAND COMMUNITIES; VEGETATIVE REGENERATION; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; WASHINGTON; ALPINE; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; FIELD AB Red heather (Phyllodoce empetriformis (Sw.) D. Don) recovery after experimental fires and wildfires was studied at five subalpine sites in Washington State, U.S.A. Experimental burn treatments showed that fire had a neutral to positive effect on stem numbers but generally a short-term negative effect on aboveground biomass production. Although there were no differences in effects between experimental burn and clip treatments, long-duration smoldering beyond that documented in our experiments may have more damaging, effects. On three wildfire sites, sprouting was vigorous after fire except at one site adjacent to forest cover where significant litter consumption occurred. The duration of fire, rather than its presence or absence, may be an important character of the fire regime in predicting post-fire response of red heather. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA. RP Agee, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 428 EP 433 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZX152 UT WOS:000074484600007 ER PT J AU Johnsen, KH Major, JE Loo, J McPhee, D AF Johnsen, KH Major, JE Loo, J McPhee, D TI Negative heterosis not apparent in 22-year-old hybrids of Picea mariana and Picea rubens SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE black spruce; heterosis; hybrid; photosynthesis; red spruce ID BLACK SPRUCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXCHANGE; NUCLEAR; GROWTH AB Work from the 1970s indicated that, relative to either parent species, crosses between red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were inferior with respect to both growth and photosynthesis. We re-examined the hypothesis that there is negative heterosis in hybrids of red and black spruce using 22-year-old trees in a common garden study planted on two sites. The trees were the product of controlled crossings and represent a continuum from hybrid class 0 (pure black spruce) to hybrid class 1 (pure red spruce). Progeny of all controlled crosses were measured for height and diameter. A subset of families were measured for gas exchange and were assessed using a hybrid index based on needle color, needle configuration, twig ridges, twig bark color, vegetative bud color, and cone scale morphology. Tree,growth rate linearly declined with the increasing proportion of red spruce germplasm (increasing hybrid index). In 1994, intermediate hybrid index classes did not differ in gas exchange from either pure black spruce (hybrid index class 0) or pure red spruce (hybrid index class 1), and in 1996, hybrids displayed slightly higher rates of gas exchange. Thus, negative heterosis was not apparent in 22-year-old trees. Individual tree hybrid index generally agreed with expectation based on midparent means, although the relationship was stronger on the higher productivity site (r(2) = 0.91) than the poorer productivity site (r(2) = 0.54). C1 Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Major, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 12254,3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 434 EP 439 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZX152 UT WOS:000074484600008 ER PT J AU Mischke, S AF Mischke, S TI Mycoparasitism of selected sclerotia-forming fungi by Sporidesmium sclerotivorum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Amphobotrys ricini; biocontrol; host-parasite interaction; Sclerotiniaceae; Sclerotium cepivorum; signal ID FACTORS AFFECTING GERMINATION; AMPHOBOTRYS-RICINI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Sporidesmium sclerotivorum Uecker, Ayers, & Adams is mycoparasite of sclerotia with potential for biocontrol. Sclerotia of fungi in the sclerotial lineage of the Sclerotiniaceae, including species of Sclerotinia, Botrytis, Amphobotrys, and Monilinia, stimulated germination of macroconidia of Sp. sclerotivorum. The mycoparasite readily colonized sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp. and Amphobotrys ricini (Buchwald) Hennebert both in soil and in vitro. Sclerotia of Botrytis spp. were parasitized only occasionally, and some Sclerotiniaceae were not parasitized. The limits on the ability of Sp, sclerotivorum to parasitize sclerotia support its classification as fastidious. Not even the first step in mycoparasitism, germination of Sp. sclerotivorum macroconidia, was triggered by sclerotia of fungi outside of the family. Amphobotrys I.ricini, the causal agent of gray mold of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), is a newly recognized host of Sp. sclerotivorum, and sclerotia of this pathogen were destructively colonized by the mycoparasite. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mischke, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Bldg 011A,Room 304, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 460 EP 466 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZX152 UT WOS:000074484600011 ER PT J AU Nijsse, J Erbe, E Brantjes, NBM Schel, JHN Wergin, WP AF Nijsse, J Erbe, E Brantjes, NBM Schel, JHN Wergin, WP TI Low-temperature scanning electron microscopic observations on endosperm in imbibed and germinated lettuce seeds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE endosperm; germination; Lactuca sativa; lettuce; low temperature scanning electron microscopy; seed ID LIGHT AB Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds were observed using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). The structure of imbibing and germinating seeds was characterized and compared with that of seeds in which these processes were inhibited by high temperature, far-red irradiation, or polyethylene glycol. Germination is not associated with general breakdown or digestion of the entire endosperm at the micropylar region. Embryos of seeds imbibed in polyethylene glycol, which inhibited germination, appeared to lack turgor and were not able to emerge from the endosperm. Thermal or far-red inhibitory treatments were associated with the appearance of complex membraneous structures in cells of the endosperm and the embryo. C1 Wageningen Univ Agr, Lab Plant Cytol & Morphol, Dept Plant Sci, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Electron Microscopy Unit, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. VanderHave Res, Rilland, Netherlands. RP Schel, JHN (reprint author), Wageningen Univ Agr, Lab Plant Cytol & Morphol, Dept Plant Sci, Arboretumlaan 4, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 509 EP 516 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZX152 UT WOS:000074484600017 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Emmingham, WH AF Entry, JA Emmingham, WH TI Influence of forest age on forms of carbon in Douglas-fir soils in the Oregon Coast Range SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; LIGHT-FRACTION; NITROGEN-AVAILABILITY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; STORAGE; DYNAMICS; LIGNIN; WOOD AB The amount and type of carbon (C) in a forest soil reflects the past balance between C accumulation and loss. In an old-growth forest soil, C is thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between accumulations and losses. Disturbance upsets this equilibrium by altering the microclimate, the amount and type of vegetation growing on a site, and properties that affect organic matter decomposition. We measured total C and forms of soil C in the L, F, and H layers and in the light fraction of soil organic matter in the 0-10 cm of mineral soil in old-, second-, and young-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) soils in the Oregon Coast Range. Total C in L, F, and H layers and in organic material in the top 10 cm of mineral soil in old-growth forests was higher than in young-or second-growth forests. Old-growth forests had a higher lignin concentration and lower concentrations of sugar, hemicellulose, and cellulose in the L, F, and in layers and in the light fraction of organic material than second-or young-growth forests. Old-growth forests had greater amounts of fats, waxes, and oils, sugar, cellulose, and lignin, in the L, F, and H layers per square hectare and greater amounts of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the light fraction of organic matter in the 0-10 cm of mineral soil per square hectare than young-and second-growth forests. Concentrations of fats, waxes, and oils, sugar, and tannin in the light fraction of organic matter in the 0-10 cm of mineral soil did not differ with forest age. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-3-390 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZT767 UT WOS:000074123600008 ER PT J AU Stelzer, HE Foster, GS Shaw, DV McRae, JB AF Stelzer, HE Foster, GS Shaw, DV McRae, JB TI Ten-year growth comparison between rooted cuttings and seedlings of loblolly pine (vol 28, pg 69, 1998) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Normal, AL 35762 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Int Forest Co, Odenville, AL 35120 USA. RP Stelzer, HE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, POB 1387, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZT767 UT WOS:000074123600022 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Thomazin, KB Garner, MM AF Dubey, JP Thomazin, KB Garner, MM TI Enteritis associated with coccidiosis in a German Shepherd dog SO CANINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB The following is a report of progressive enteritis in a fully vaccinated 10 month old neutered male German Shepherd dog. The dog was hospitalized and treated symptomatically for gastroenteritis. Routine lab work was unremarkable, yet the dog continued to deteriorate despite treatment and was ultimately euthanized. Based on biopsy samples from an abdominal exploratory and subsequent necropsy samples, the underlying cause appeared to be clinical coccidiosis. C1 Anim Hosp Newport Hills, Newcastle, WA 98059 USA. USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC C, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Phoenix Cent Lab, Everett, WA 98204 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Anim Hosp Newport Hills, 13018 SE 72nd, Newcastle, WA 98059 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI IRVINE PA 3 BURROUGHSDR, IRVINE, CA 92618-2804 USA SN 0094-4904 J9 CANINE PRACT JI Canine Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB237 UT WOS:000072450900002 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Coffin, DR AF Fishman, ML Coffin, DR TI Mechanical, microstructural and solubility properties of pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID PECTIN AB Citrus pectin was blended and cast into films with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH). PVOH and pectin were miscible in all proportions. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that pectin controls exhibited no thermal transitions, whereas PVOH controls exhibited a glass transition temperature (T-g) over a broad temperature range commencing at about 0 degrees C and ending about 50 degrees C. A mixture of 49% pectin, 21% PVOH and 30% glycerol exhibited lower storage moduli and mon flexibility than comparable mixtures of either pectin/PVOH or pectin/glycerol. Scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast optical microscopy indicated that the mixture was biphasic and a compatible composite either of PVOH in pectin or pectin in PVOH depending on which macromolecule was in excess. Elongation to break measurements revealed that pectin/PVOH films underwent a brittle to ductile transition with increasing PVOH composition. The addition of glycerol to pectin/PVOH films increased ductility significantly when films were relatively brittle. Initial moduli (IM) as a function of composition gave complex curves which exhibited either one or two local maxima depending on such factors as degree of hydrolysis and molar mass of the PVOH in addition to the moisture content of the film. Solubility studies in water revealed that, at 30 and 50 degrees C, only films with 30% PVOH or less were soluble. At 70 degrees C, all compositions were soluble but films containing pectin dissolved more rapidly than those without. The solution kinetics of pectin/PVOH films with 30% or less PVOH were approximated with zero-order kinetics and activation energies were about 3-5 kcal mol(-1). In general, addition of PVOH to pectin films resulted in films with more PVOH-like properties and addition of pectin to PVOH films resulted in films with mon pectin-like properties. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(97)00245-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 103YM UT WOS:000074985500008 ER PT J AU Ben-Shalom, N Conway, WS Gross, KC Sams, CE Pinto, R AF Ben-Shalom, N Conway, WS Gross, KC Sams, CE Pinto, R TI Differential degradation of apple cell walls in vitro by enzyme extracts from Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata (vol 33, pg 109, 1997) SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Correction C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Prod Qual & Dev Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Ben-Shalom, N (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(98)00028-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 103YM UT WOS:000074985500019 ER PT J AU Champagne, ET Lyon, BG Min, BK Vinyard, BT Bett, KL Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Kohlwey, DE AF Champagne, ET Lyon, BG Min, BK Vinyard, BT Bett, KL Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Kohlwey, DE TI Effects of postharvest processing on texture profile analysis of cooked rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY EVALUATION; GRAIN AB The effects of drying conditions, final moisture content, and degree of milling on the texture of cooked rice varieties, as measured by texture profile analysis, were investigated. Instrumentally measured textural properties were not significantly (alpha = 0.05) affected by drying conditions, with the exception of cohesiveness. Cohesiveness was lower in rice dried at lower temperatures (18 degrees C or ambient) than in that dried at the higher commercial temperatures. Final moisture content and degree of milling significantly (alpha = 0.05) affected textural property values for adhesiveness, cohesiveness, hardness, and springiness; their effects were interdependent. The effects of deep milling were more pronounced in the rice dried to 15% moisture than that dried to 12%. In general, textural property values for hardness were higher and those for cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness were lower in regular-milled rice dried to 15% moisture than in that dried to 12%. In contrast, hardness values were lower and cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness values were higher in deep-milled rice dried to 15% moisture than in that dried to 12% moisture. Deep milling resulted in rice with lower hardness values and higher cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness values. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. Korea Food Res Inst, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. ARS, USDA, Rice Qual Lab, Beaumont, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, Crowley, LA USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA USA. Riviana Foods Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Champagne, ET (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.2.181 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC695 UT WOS:000072607300003 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS Finney, PL Fleege, LM Andrews, LC AF Gaines, CS Finney, PL Fleege, LM Andrews, LC TI Use of aspiration and the single kernel characterization system to evaluate the puffed and shriveled condition of soft wheat grain SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HARDNESS; QUALITY AB Shriveled kernels lower wheat test weight and reduce milling flour yields. Test weight is also lowered by rain-dry cycles that cause kernels to puff (exhibit, in part, loosened layers of pericarp). A numeric score was developed for degree of puffing and for degree of shriveling based on simple measurement devices. Wheat samples were evaluated for test weight and Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness index, SKCS kernel weight, milling flour yield, and kernel density (hexane displacement). Those evaluations were performed before and after samples were air-aspirated to remove all shriveled kernels. Test weight, SKCS hardness index, and density of aspirated samples were used to develop a puffing score. Changes (resulting from aspiration) in test weight, SKCS kernel weight, and flour yield were used to develop a shriveling score. Higher puffing scores were related to elevated a-amylase activity. Puffed kernels were softer and were not associated with decreased flour yield. Puffing and shriveling scores were independent (poorly correlated), but together predicted 95% of the variation in original, nonaspirated test weight. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.2.207 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC695 UT WOS:000072607300007 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM AF Peterson, DM TI Malting oats: Effects on chemical composition of hull-less and hulled genotypes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIVE-VALUE; LIPASE ACTIVITY; CEREAL-GRAINS; NAKED OATS; BARLEY AB Samples of hull-less oat,genotypes from the Cooperative Naked Oat Test grown in Ottawa, ON, and Aberdeen, ID, were analyzed for their potential as a food malt. Malted oats had a lower concentration of petroleum ether-extractable lipid, but a much higher percentage of the lipid was in the form of free fatty acids. About 5% less starch and slightly more N was found in malted oats than in unmalted. Malted oats contained approximate to 8% soluble carbohydrate. During the germination phase of malting, nearly all the beta-glucan was degraded. alpha-Amylase activity of malted oats approached that of malting barleys, but diastatic power was much lower. Greats of hulled cultivars grown at Madison, WI, were malted and analyzed with similar results. Because the increased levels of free fatty acids in the malted grains may lead to the development of rancid flavors, a method to curtail their increase or selections of genotypes with a minimum increase during malting may be necessary to produce a useful malted food product. C1 ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 75 IS 2 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.2.230 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC695 UT WOS:000072607300011 ER PT J AU Wright, RJ Codling, EE Wright, SF AF Wright, RJ Codling, EE Wright, SF TI Root growth and trace element uptake in acid soils treated with coal combustion by-products SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOXICITY; RESIDUES AB Root growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) and trace element levels in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were determined in acid soils treated with 1.25 to 80 g kg(-1) of eight coal combustion by-products: fly ash (FA), bed ash (BA), cyclone ash (CA), limestone injection residue( LIMB), spray drier residue (SD), scrubber sludge (CS), stabilized scrubber sludge (SS) and gypsum-like material (G). Low application rates of by-products did not inhibit wheat seedling root growth. FA and G did not limit root growth at any application rate while Bq LIMB, SD and CA inhibited root growth at high rates. Ryegrass concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr were similar in treated and untreated soil. B, Se, As and Mo were increased in ryegrass grown in treated soil, but Se from FA treatments was the only potential food chain risk from a single application of these materials. The G material would seem to be the most benign for land application because it improved root growth without producing elevated trace element levels in plant material or soil solution. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wright, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1474 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10038-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YY443 UT WOS:000072147100021 ER PT J AU Brown, EW Allard, MW van der Zwet, T AF Brown, EW Allard, MW van der Zwet, T TI Phylogenetic characterization of the eubacterial lcrD gene family: Molecular evolutionary aspects of pathogen-induced hypersensitivity in plants SO CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-CALCIUM-RESPONSE; NEW-PROTEIN FAMILY; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; HRP GENES; ENTERIC BACTERIA; YERSINIA-PESTIS; EXPRESSION; CLUSTER; HARPIN; DETERMINANTS AB Hrp (hypersensitivity response and pathogenicity) genes encode signal-peptide independent transporter molecules that function in the Type III secretion pathway and are present in a number of plant pathogenic bacterial species. These Hrp transporter molecules largely export harpin and other virulence factors across the bacterial membrane and onto the plant surface where they aid in disease induction on host and hypersensitivity on non-host. Hrp loci are part of a larger transporter gene family known as the lcrD family which encode the low calcium response proteins. Members of this family serve to transport a number of diverse virulence factors in a variety of enteric and other purple bacteria species both pathogenic to animals and plants. In order to determine whether the trait of hrp-induced pathogenicity by different plant pathogenic bacterial species is the result of a single evolutionary event or evolved independently, cladistic analyses were performed on both the nucleotide and the amino acid coding sequences of the complete lcrD gene family. The results of these studies supported the existence of three distinct phylogenetic clades. The plant pathogenic bacterial lcrD or hrp genes formed a single group separate and distinct from the animal lcrD homologues which comprised the other two clades. These findings indicate that the hrp transporter genes do not capture the phylogenetic history of their host bacterial species, but rather that during evolution, the same lcrD gene was horizontally introduced into each of four different plant pathogenic species which may have resulted from four independent transfer events. This monophyletic partitioning of hrp genes precludes their use as reliable taxonomic markers while further supporting the current notion that hrp transport molecules function under a single conserved molecular mechanism. (C) 1998 The Willi Hennig Society. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Lab Microbial Genet, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Brown, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Lab Microbial Genet, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Browne@ncifcrf.gov NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0748-3007 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics-Int. J. Willi Hennig Soc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 45 EP 62 DI 10.1006/clad.1997.0054 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA ZG779 UT WOS:000073038500002 ER PT J AU Laegreid, W Hoffman, M Keen, J Elder, R Kwang, J AF Laegreid, W Hoffman, M Keen, J Elder, R Kwang, J TI Development of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to O157 antigen of Escherichia coli SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; CATTLE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; WASHINGTON; SEROTYPE AB The O157 antigen of Escherichia coli shares structural elements with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of other bacterial species, notably Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O9, a fact that confounds the interpretation of assays for anti-O157 antibodies. To address this problem, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was designed with E. coli O157:H7 LPS as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for E. coli O157, designated 13B3, as the competing antibody, The bELISA had equivalent sensitivity to, and significantly higher specificity than, the indirect ELISA (iELISA), detecting anti-O157 antibodies in sera from cattle experimentally inoculated with O157:H7, Only 13% of sera from naive heifers vaccinated for or experimentally infected with B. abortus had increased anti-O157 bELISA titers, while 61% of anti-O157 iELISA titers were increased, The bELISA is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of serum antibodies resulting from exposure to E. coli O157. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Laegreid, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA ZA823 UT WOS:000072405600019 PM 9521150 ER PT J AU Sivinski, JM Lloyd, JE Beshers, SN Davis, LR Sivinski, RG Wing, SR Sullivan, RT Cushing, PE Petersson, E AF Sivinski, JM Lloyd, JE Beshers, SN Davis, LR Sivinski, RG Wing, SR Sullivan, RT Cushing, PE Petersson, E TI A natural history of Pleotomodes needhami, Green (Coleoptera : Lampyridae): A firefly symbiont of ants SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A firefly, Pleotomodes needhami Green, lives in the nests of two, possibly three, species of ants. These ants are the fungus-growing Trachymrmex septentrionalis (McCook), the carnivorous Odontomachus clarus (Roger), and perhaps a Dorymyrmex sp. All known specimens of P. needhami have been collected on the grounds of the Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida. Larvae, pupae, and adults of both sexes were excavated from the brood-queen-fungal chambers of T. septentrionalis. Ants appeared to ignore the fireflies, and the fireflies were not seen to feed on ants or their brood. Larvae in captivity consumed snails on the soil surface at night and a single larva was captured on the surface in the field. Pupation begins in late March and the earliest collections of adults took place in the first half of April. Neotenous females emerge from ant colonies soon after dark and emit light while waiting near the nest entrance. Males luminesce in the presence of females. Larvae also produce light, both on the surface and underground in ant colonies. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Sivinski, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZE247 UT WOS:000072772900003 ER PT J AU Korthals, RL AF Korthals, RL TI Utilizing software engineering to improve software process capabilities within the Biological Engineering Research Unit SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE systems engineering; database; management quality AB This paper presents some changes implemented in the Biological Engineering Research Unit (BERU) to improve the development and support of software used in our research. BERU uses a diverse collection of computers covering everything from hand-held dataloggers to UNIX1 workstations. Most of our computer efforts are aimed at collecting, storing and analyzing research data. Software engineering concepts provide a roadmap to help recognize problems to focus efforts on improvements. The use of data modeling, configuration management, project planning, and oversight, quality assurance and other software-related improvements addressed by the BERU are presented as examples of how software engineering can be used to improve research efforts. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Korthals, RL (reprint author), 120 N Ind Ave,POB 388, Osborne, KS 67473 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(98)00002-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA ZP119 UT WOS:000073718300004 ER PT J AU DeHaven, WR Willems, R AF DeHaven, WR Willems, R TI The ins and outs of USDA's Animal Welfare Act enforcement SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP DeHaven, WR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA ZD396 UT WOS:000072681000002 ER PT J AU Klepper, EL AF Klepper, EL TI Great expectations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Pendelton, OR 97801 USA. RP Klepper, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 370, Pendelton, OR 97801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200001 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Holland, JB Lewers, KS AF Palmer, RG Holland, JB Lewers, KS TI Recombination values for the Ms6-W1 chromosome region in different genetic backgrounds in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC DIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISM; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; VARIETIES; LINKAGE AB Recombination values in plants are influenced by genetic Factors, environmental conditions, and their interactions. In soybean, Glycine mar (L.) Merr., the cosegregation method to produce hybrid seed depends on the close linkage of the Ms6(pollen fertility) locus and the W1 (flower color) locus. Twenty-four near-isogenic lines, cosegregating at the Ms6 and WI loci, (Ms6W1 ms6w1), were developed with the ms6-w1 donor cytoplasm and the recurrent parent cytoplasms. The objectives were to determine the recombination values between the Msd and W1 loci from both testcross and F2-family data. The recombination value for the Ms6 and W1 loci from the testcross data in the ms6-w1 donor cytoplasm was 3.14 +/- 0.80 and in the recurrent parent cytoplasms was 3.62 +/- 0.89. mom the F2-family data, the recombination value for the Msd and W1 loci in the ms6-w1 donor cytoplasm was 3.06 +/- 0.35 and in the recurrent parent cytoplasms was 4.90 +/- 0.35. The recombination values for the F2-family data were statistically significantly different (P = 0.05) for the ms6-w1 donor cytoplasm versus the recurrent parent cytoplasms. However, the recombination values are acceptable to continue to use the cosegregation method to produce hybrid soybean seed. C1 USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpalmer@iastate.edu OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200002 ER PT J AU Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF AF Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF TI Changes in agronomic and seed characteristics with selection for reduced palmitic acid content in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLEIC-ACID; OIL; TRAITS; PERFORMANCE; INHERITANCE; SUNFLOWER; MUTANTS; QUALITY; TRIALS AB Development of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars,vith reduced saturated fatty acid content is an important goal of soybean breeders. The objective of this study was to determine if genes for reduced palmitic acid content in the fatty acid germplasm N87-2122-4 were associated with changes in agronomic and seed quality characteristics. Approximately 22 reduced (54-72 g kg(-1)) and 22 normal (90-119 g kg(-1)) palmitic acid F-5:7 lines were sampled from each of two crosses N87-2122-4 x 'Kenwood' and N87-2122-4 x 'P9273' and grown in replicated tests at four North Carolina locations. Lines homozygous for the major reduced palmitic acid gene produced significantly (P < 0.01) less (approximate to 10%) seed yield than lines homozygous for the normal gene. Furthermore, selection differentials for the normal palmitic acid populations were significantly (P < 0.01) larger than for the reduced palmitic acid population. Oleic and linolenic acid contents were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for reduced palmitic acid lines, while the major reduced palmitic acid gene had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on linoleic and seed protein contents. Seed oil content was significantly (P < 0.05) greater among reduced palmitic acid Lines in the N87-2122-4 x Kenwood cross only. Genetic correlations were estimated among lines to examine the influence of selection for palmitic acid genetic modifiers on agronomic traits. Palmitic acid content was significantly (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with changes in oleic acid, and significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with changes in linolenic add contents. Genetic modifiers conditioning palmitic acid content seemed independent of genes controlling seed yield, suggesting that selection for reduced palmitic acid content among Lines homozygous for the reduced palmitic acid gene may be achieved without a reduction in seed yield. Efforts to further reduce palmitic acid content in populations fixed for the major palmitic acid gene should improve the quality of soybean oils produced for food processing markets. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rebetzke, GJ (reprint author), Plant Sci Cooperat Res Ctr, POB 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM G.Rebetzke@pi.csiro.au RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200003 ER PT J AU Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF AF Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF TI Genetic variation for modifiers controlling reduced saturated fatty acid content in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PALMITIC ACID; SEED OIL; OLEIC-ACID; INHERITANCE; SELECTION; REGISTRATION; PERCENTAGE; METABOLISM AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oils with reduced palmitic acid concentrations should comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for vegetable oils with lower saturated fatty acid contents. This study was designed to investigate the genetic basis for reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents in the seed oil of reduced palmitic acid germplasm, N87-2122-4. Crosses between N87-2122-4 and Midwest-adapted cultivars, Kenwood and P9273, revealed frequencies of reduced and normal palmitic acid among F-2 progeny consistent with segregation at a single major locus. There was a large phenotypic variation (15-30 g kg(-1)) for palmitic acid content measured on progeny homozygous for either reduced or normal palmitic acid alleles, however. Repeatability of this variation was examined in 87 reduced and normal palmitic F-5:7 lines randomly sampled from each cross. Reduced palmitic acid lines ranged between 54 and 72 g kg(-1), and normal palmitic acid Lines between 90 and 119 g kg(-1) for both crosses. No line produced significantly less palmitic acid than N87-2122-4 but approximate to 55% of the reduced palmitic acid lines were significantly greater (P < 0.01). The large genotypic ranges observed for both F-2 and F-5:7 generations may be explained by an undetermined number of genetic modifiers associated with the major palmitic acid Locus. Across both populations, the major reduced palmitic acid allele was associated with a 15% reduction in stearic acid content. However, genetic correlations for palmitic and stearic acid contents among lines homozygous for the major palmitic acid alleles were nonsignificant (r(g) = -0.30-0.18), enabling simultaneous selection of inbred lines producing both reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents. High narrow-sense heritabilities (>80%) for palmitic and stearic acid contents suggest that total saturates may be reduced by selection in few environments for major and modifier genes controlling reduced palmitic acid content. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rebetzke, GJ (reprint author), Plant Sci Cooperat Res Ctr, POB 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200004 ER PT J AU Weyhrich, RA Lamkey, KR Hallauer, AR AF Weyhrich, RA Lamkey, KR Hallauer, AR TI Responses to seven methods of recurrent selection in the BS11 maize population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HALF-SIB; IMPROVEMENT; CORN; EFFICIENCIES; HERITABILITY; PERFORMANCE; TESTCROSS; PROGENY; TRAITS AB Recurrent selection methods have been effectively used by maize (Zea mays L.) breeders to improve the performance of maize populations for quantitatively inherited traits. Although theoretical comparisons of such methods can be easily made, direct comparisons of the efficiencies of methods are time consuming and laborious. Because of these limitations, empirical data comparing multiple recurrent selection methods in the same base population are lacking for maize. Our study was designed to compare the response to selection for seven different methods (six intra-and one inter-population) in the BS11 maize population. A minimum of four cycles of selection were conducted for each of the following methods: mass, modified ear-to-row, half-sib with inbred tester, full-sib, S-1-progeny, S-2-progeny, and reciprocal full-sib selection. Selections for all programs except mass and reciprocal full-sib were based on an index composed of grain yield, grain moisture, stalk lodging, and root lodging. Each trait in the selection index was weighted according to its heritability. The populations per se, populations selfed, and testcrosses of the populations to the Cycle 0 population and to inbred B79 were evaluated in our study. Response to selection was measured for pain yield, grain moisture, stalk lodging, and root lodging along with other agronomic traits. All selection methods were successful in significantly improving the population per se performance for grain yield. S-2-progeny selection had the greatest response for grain yield of 4.5% cycle(-1) and mass selection had the lowest response (0.6 % cycle 1). All selection programs in which index selection,vas practiced, except for modified ear-to-row, were successful in improving the populations per se for all four traits simultaneously. Unlike some previous studies, inbred progeny selection methods (S-1, S-2) performed well in BS11 in comparison with other selection methods. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lamkey, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 308 EP 321 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200005 ER PT J AU Burton, GW Mullinix, BG AF Burton, GW Mullinix, BG TI Yield distributions of spaced plants within Pensacola bahiagrass populations developed by recurrent restricted phenotypic selection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Pensacola bahiagrass (Pb), Paspalum notatum Flugge var, saure Parodi, is a warm season perennial sward grass grazed by livestock on more than a million hectares in the southeastern USA. This research was designed to evaluate the 5-yr effect of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection (RRPS) on the average yield and the distribution of spaced plant yield (SPY) components within broad-based Population A and narrow-based Populations B and E. RRPS Cycles 0, 9, and 18 in Population A, and Cycles 0, 5, and 10 in Population B produced 5-yr average spaced-plant-population progress (SPPP) yields of 364, 1014, 1767, 823, 1158, and 1427 g plant(-1), respectively. The average SPY increase in Population A proceeded at the same rate from RRPS Cycles 16 to 22 as from 0 to 16 previously reported. The average SPY increase proceeded at a faster rate at RRPS Cycles 5, 6, and 7 for very narrow based Population E than for Populations A and E. Comparison of SPYs from different cycles in the 5-yr SPPP tests revealed that RRPS increased the number of high yielding plants and reduced the number of low yielding plants in successive cycles. RRPS Cycle 18 of Population A that produced two plants yielding 4540 g in the SPPP test had 27 plants weighing only 454 g. Seven, 14, and 22 cycles of RRPS were required to create plants with SPYs yielding 4086 g in 100-plant populations of E, B, and A, respectively. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Burton, GW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200008 ER PT J AU Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA AF Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA TI Selection response and developmental basis for early and late panicle emergence in Alamo switchgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIVERGENT SELECTION; ANTHESIS DATE; WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; CROP AB For many determinate crop species, delayed flowering, associated with the production of more mainstem leaves and/or a reduced rate of leaf appearance, extends the vegetative phase and results in higher biomass yields. Studies were carried out on 'Alamo' switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a potential biofuel crop, to determine the realized heritability and developmental basis for variation in the time to panicle emergence. A single cycle of divergent selection for time of panicle emergence (earliest and latest 3%) was carried out. Time of panicle emergence for the parent and progeny generation was evaluated in the field for 2yr and 1 yr in a greenhouse trial. For the parental generation, leaf emergence was monitored weekly and final leaf numbers were recorded. Panicle emergence for the selected early and late parents differed by an average of 22 d (10 d earlier and 12 d later than the original population). Realized heritabilities in the year following establishment were 1.0 and 0.92 for early and late panicle emergence, respectively. The early and late parent plants initiated growth at the same time in spring and produced leaves at the same rate; however, late plants produced from 0.7 to 2.1 more mainstem leaves than early plants. Similar leaf appearance rates, combined with higher final leaf numbers on late than on early plants, strongly suggested that late panicle emergence resulted from delayed floral initiation. This study showed that there is considerable genetic variation for flowering time in Alamo switchgrass and that the extended period of vegetative growth in late flowering types was associated with the production of more leaves. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Van Esbroeck, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 8604, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 342 EP 346 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200010 ER PT J AU Milach, SCK Rines, HW Phillips, RL Stuthman, DD Morikawa, T AF Milach, SCK Rines, HW Phillips, RL Stuthman, DD Morikawa, T TI Inheritance of a new dwarfing gene in oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; HEIGHT; PANICLE; SEMIDWARF; DWARFNESS AB One important goal in oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding is the development of shorter cultivars with increased resistance to lodging. Although seven dwarfing genes have been identified in oat, only two genes, Dw6 and Dw7, are still readily available in breeding programs. New sources of dwarfing genes were recently identified in Japan from accessions of ii. fatua L. and introgressed into the cultivar 'Kanota'. The objectives of this study were to examine seven of these new sources with apparent dominant genes for dwarfness in oat and to determine their usefulness in oat breeding. Allelism tests using analysis of Ft populations demonstrated that a new dominant dwarfing gene is present in the Japanese lines and that it is independent of the Dw6 and Dw7 loci. The symbol Dw8 has been assigned to the dwarfing gene found in the Japanese lines. F-2 populations derived from 17 crosses made among the seven Japanese lines did not segregate for height, indicating that the same dwarfing gene or closely linked genes were present in these lines. Based on the numbers of progenies analyzed from these crosses? we concluded that if there are distinct linked dominant dwarfing genes among the Japanese lines, there would be no more than 20% recombination among them. F-2 progenies from four Dw8 lines crossed with tall elite lines all segregated in a 3 dwarf: 1 tall ratio. The Dw8 gene, combined with other height modifier genes, may provide new opportunities for breeding for reduced plant height and improved lodging resistance in oat. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Fac Agron, Dept Plantas Lavoura, BR-90012970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Osaka Prefecture, Coll Agr, Lab Genet & Plant Breeding, Sakai, Osaka 593, Japan. RP Rines, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200013 ER PT J AU Obaidi, M Johnson, BE Van Vleck, LD Kachman, SD Smith, OS AF Obaidi, M Johnson, BE Van Vleck, LD Kachman, SD Smith, OS TI Family per se response to selling and selection in maize based on testcross performance: A simulation study SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Determining the appropriate number of lines to retain across generations during inbred line development in maize (Zea mays L.) is crucial for efficient allocation of resources. Although the primary interest during line development is performance of testcross progeny, genetic information on Lines per se adds to basic understanding of the genetic response of maize to inbreeding and selection. The objective of this research was to compare genetic responses of families per se to varying selection intensities across early generations of selfing in maize. A FORTRAN program simulating a stochastic genetic model with 30, 40, and 30% additive, dominant, and over-dominant loci, respectively, and a random environmental effect was used to compare varying combinations of selection intensities across generations. In the simulation, individual plants were evaluated on the basis of testcross progeny performance using multiple testers and environments. Individual plants corresponding to top performing testcross progenies were selected as parents for successive generations. Within each generation, phenotypic and genetic means of families per se increased with increased selection intensities. Response to selection in any given generation was not dependent on selection intensity used in the previous generation. Percent homozygosity and frequency of superior alleles increased as selection pressure intensified. Few original plants contributed to retained families with only approximately 5% of S-0 plants appearing in pedigrees of selected S-4 families. Retaining few but larger families resulted in increased genetic values of families per se, compared with saving a large number of smaller families, even though selection was based on testcross performance. C1 HybriTech Seed Int, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. MDS Harris, Lincoln, NE 68501 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Johnson, BE (reprint author), HybriTech Seed Int, 806 N 2nd St,POB 1320, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. EM blaine.e.johnson@monsanto.com NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 367 EP 371 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200016 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Snook, ME AF Widstrom, NW Snook, ME TI Genetic variation for maysin and its analogues in crosses among corn inbreds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; EARWORM; MAIZE; SILKS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; GROWTH AB The isolation and identification of maysin and two of its analogues, 3'-methoxymaysin and apimaysin (3'M+A), in the silks of corn, Zea mays L., has given plant breeders a new tool for reducing damage by larvae of the corn earworm, Nelicoverpa tea (Boddie). This study was initiated to examine the inheritance of these compounds so that a logical course for developing germplasm with high concentrations can be determined. Incorporation of the compounds into corn hybrids for the southern USA can then proceed. Twelve inbred lines were crossed in all combinations and evaluated for maysin and the sum of 3'-methoxymaysin plus apimaysin concentrations in their silks. Analysis of data from 2 yr by Griming's Method 3 Model I revealed that reciprocal and maternal effects mere not significantly different from zero. Subsequent pooling of reciprocal crosses in a Gardner-Eberhart Analysis If gave significant main effects (P < 0.01) and Sears x entries interactions (P < 0.05). Further partitioning of the variation established additive effects as the predominant source of genetic variation among the 66 crosses evaluated. Selection for increased maysin and (3'-methoxymaysin plus apimaysin) concentrations in corn silks should be successful by means of a simple backcrossing procedure or routine recurrent selection within a population. One or two inbreds, among the 12 tested, appear to be good candidates for establishing a selection program because they have both good general and specific combining ability. Maysin concentration and the sum of its analogues 3'-methoxymaysin and apimaysin are closely correlated in corn silks (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Widstrom, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200017 ER PT J AU Shannon, MC Rhoades, JD Draper, JH Scardaci, SC Spyres, MD AF Shannon, MC Rhoades, JD Draper, JH Scardaci, SC Spyres, MD TI Assessment of salt tolerance in rice cultivars in response to salinity problems in California SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; RESISTANCE AB Stringent requirements for water holding for California rice producers who use pesticides have resulted in the loss of stand and visible symptoms of leaf damage for some growers. A field survey and subsequent series of experiments were conducted to determine the range of salt tolerance among 11 cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that are common to northern California rice-growing areas. A field assessment made on several farms led to the conclusion that growth reduction and stand loss were correlated with high salinity in soil mud and water. Plants from saline basins had significantly higher concentrations of leaf Na+ and Cl- than those from less saline basins. Greenhouse studies were conducted in sand cultures and flooded with saline waters having average electrical conductivities of approximately 1 (control), 3, 7, 11, 13, and 16 dS m(-1). Salinity decreased emergence rates and final stand and led to reductions in shoot and root fresh and dry weights. At the highest salinity, shoot weights were 20% of the control after 17 d. Leaf tissues of plants grown at 16 dS m(-1) had five times as much Nat and three times as much Cl- as controls. Leaf concentration of K+ was decreased by about 40% by salinity, but tissue levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were unaffected. Ln a second experiment, salinity treatments were lowered to 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6, 8, and 10 dS m(-1). There were significant differences in growth rates related to cultivar, but relative salt tolerance differences were negligible, leading to the conclusion that genetic differences among the rice cultivars are limited. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, PWA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Ext, Colusa, CA 95932 USA. RP Shannon, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, PWA, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 16 TC 76 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 394 EP 398 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200021 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Camp, CR Matheny, TA AF Hunt, PG Bauer, PJ Camp, CR Matheny, TA TI Nitrogen accumulation in cotton grown continuously or in rotation with peanut using subsurface microirrigation and GOSSYM/COMAX management SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; DRY-MATTER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; SOIL; IRRIGATION; TILLAGE; YIELD AB Excessive N application to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an unnecessary cost and a potential cause of elevated groundwater N. The objectives of this study were to determine if seed yields or excess N were affected by timing of N application via buried microirrigation tubing, tubing spacing, or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) rotation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split-plot arrangement with four replications. The main plots (continuous cotton and peanut-cotton rotation) were planted with cotton cultivar PD 3 in May of 1991 through 1994 on an Eunola loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludult). Water and N were applied through microirrigation tubing that was buried 0.30 m directly under each row (IR) or under alternate row middles (AM). Sidedress-N was applied in one 112-kg ha(-1) application (STD); five, 22-kg ha(-1) increments (INC); or 11- to 22-kg ha(-1) increments when required by GOSSYM/COMAX (GC) [a cotton growth model/expert system]. Rotation did not significantly affect any of the measured parameters. Cotton managed with the IR-STD treatment had the highest seed yield, 2.02 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). The GC management did not improve seed yield, but it did reduce excess N (fertilizer N - seed N) to <20 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). The best overall treatment was AM-CC. It had 1.87 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) seed yield, 8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) excess N, 45 kg less N applied, and 50% less tubing installed. Cotton managed by AM-GC also had a low (9.2) ratio of accumulated shoot N per 100 kg of lint. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200023 ER PT J AU Bushamuka, VN Zobel, RW AF Bushamuka, VN Zobel, RW TI Maize and soybean tap, basal, and lateral root responses to a stratified acid, aluminum-toxic soil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION CULTURE; WHEAT CULTIVARS; TOLERANCE; ELONGATION; GENETICS; GROWTH AB Although crop seedling root systems are made up of several types of root (e.g., tap, basal, and lateral roots) there has been little attempt to determine their respective sensitivity to abiotic stresses. Most acidic agricultural fields are treated so that they are only slightly or non-Al-toxic in the topsoil with Al-toxicity in the subsoil-effectively stratifying the soil profile relative to Al-toxicity. To determine if there is differential root type sensitivity to Al-toxic soils, several maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars reported to be Al-tolerant, or sensitive, were grown in containers with a stratified soil. This assembled soil consisted of a non-Al-toxic, 100-mm-deep top layer and a 200-mm-deep Al-toxic bottom layer of Porter soil, a coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrepts, pH 4.5 and 92% Al saturation. Containers, backed with X-ray film, were exposed to a neutron beam to determine tap, basal, and lateral root lengths in both layers. Root lengths, relative to a limed control for each cultivar, in the Al-toxic bottom layer suggest that the tap, basal, and lateral roots of maize cv. CMS-36 are each Al-tolerant. The other "tolerant" maize and soybean cultivars had only one or two root types tolerant with the remaining root type(s), and all root types on the sensitive cultivars, showing no growth in the Al-toxic bottom layer. Only two cultivars, maize cv. SA-6 and soybean cv. Ferry, increased lateral root production in the non-toxic top layer, a classic avoidance response. This variation in root type response to an AI-toxic bottom layer observed among the previously identified Al-tolerant cultivars emphasizes the importance of considering different root types as distinct entities in studies of root function. C1 ARS, USDA, REE, NAA,AS&WCR, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, REE, NAA,AS&WCR, POB 400,1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rzobel@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 416 EP 421 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200024 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DC Nelson, NO AF Nielsen, DC Nelson, NO TI Black bean sensitivity to water stress at various growth stages SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD; SYSTEMS AB Producers relying on the traditional central Great Plains cropping system of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow could increase crop yield and resource sustainability by changing to more diverse crop rotations. Crops suited to the variable timing and amount of precipitation characteristic of this region need to be identified so that rotations can be diversified. This study was conducted to determine the effects of water deficit at various growth stages on leaf area index, plant height, yield components, soil water extraction pattern, and seasonal water use of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The study was conducted during the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons near Akron, CO, on a Rage silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustoll). An automated rainout shelter was used to eliminate precipitation. Irrigation treatments consisted of withholding water at vegetative, reproductive, or grain-filling growth stages. All treatments received 18.3 cm of water during the growing season. Water stress during the vegetative growth stage produced the shortest plants with the least leaf area. Soil water extraction and total water use were also least when water was withheld during the vegetative stage. Seed yield was reduced because of reductions in pods per plant and/or seeds per pod when water stress occurred during the reproductive stage. Black bean appears to have potential as a dryland rotation crop in the central Great Plains when soil mater profiles are near field capacity at planting and normal to above normal precipitation is expected. C1 ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, POB 400, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 16 TC 50 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200025 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Schumacher, TE Clay, SA Ellsbury, MM Pravecek, M Evenson, PD AF Riedell, WE Schumacher, TE Clay, SA Ellsbury, MM Pravecek, M Evenson, PD TI Corn and soil fertility responses to crop rotation with low, medium, or high inputs SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; YIELD; TILLAGE AB Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in annual rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has greater mineral nutrient accumulation and higher yields than torn grown in monoculture. This study was conducted to determine holy crop rotation (continuous corn vs, corn rotated with soybean) with different input levels (tillage, herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer rates varied to achieve high, intermediate, and low treatments) affected corn shoot dry weight, mineral nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) composition at tasseling, pre-growing-season soil fertility (pH, organic matter, NO3--N, P, lit, and total N), and grain yield on a Vienna loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) near Brookings, SD. Crop rotation increased total soil N and NO3--N but decreased P when compared with continuous corn. The high input treatment resulted in higher soil NO3--N levels than either the intermediate or low input treatments. Rotation with intermediate input increased corn shoot dry weight and P, K, and Ca accumulation compared with continuous corn with intermediate input. Grain yield responded differently to input levels within the two rotations. Corn yield Following soybean was 32% greater than for continuous corn with intermediate inputs, but with high input levels there was no difference between rotation treatments. These results suggest that the level of inputs provided for corn can effect the crop rotation response. C1 ARS, USDA, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wriedell@ngirl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200026 ER PT J AU Morrison, TA Jung, HG Buxton, DR Hatfield, RD AF Morrison, TA Jung, HG Buxton, DR Hatfield, RD TI Cell-wall composition of maize internodes of varying maturity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; MONOCOTYLEDONS; HEMICELLULOSE; DIGESTIBILITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEPOSITION; GRASSES; FIBER AB Incorporation of polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic acids, and lignin were quantified in successive internodes along the maize (Zea mays L.) stall;, which displayed progressively greater cellular development. Rind and pith tissues of growth chamber-grown plants were dissected from internodes at the 15th leaf stage of development and cell-wall neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin, syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, and ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (PCA) ester and ether concentrations were determined. From the youngest internode (I13) to the oldest (I7), cell-walt concentrations increased in rind tissue, whereas in pith tissue concentrations increased through I10, then plateaued. Cell-wall lignin concentrations increased from 75 to 140 g kg(-1) and neutral sugar and uronic acid concentrations decreased from 836 and 101 g kg(-1) to 759 and 36 g kg(-1) cell wall, respectively. Rind vascular tissue, which lignified earlier and to a greater extent than pith tissue, had significantly higher levels of FA and PCA esters. Ferulic acid ester levels rose in younger I13 through IIO, peaking at 6.6 g kg(-1) cell wall, but declined to 3.6 g kg(-1) cell wall in older, lignifying I9 through I7. Ferulic acid ether levels rose and peaked early in lignification, but fell during subsequent maturation. Concentrations of PCA esters rose with internode maturity (from 1.8-23 g kg(-1) cell wall) and this pattern mirrored a steady rise in S/G ratio of the lignin. Our results suggest that FA is laid down in ester linkages to primary cell-wall polysaccharides and provides ether-linkage initiation sites for lignin. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Buxton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Natl Program Staff, Bldg 005,Rm 212,BARC W 103000 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM DRB@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 17 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200031 ER PT J AU Byrne, PF McMullen, MD Wiseman, BR Snook, ME Musket, TA Theuri, JM Widstrom, NW Coe, EH AF Byrne, PF McMullen, MD Wiseman, BR Snook, ME Musket, TA Theuri, JM Widstrom, NW Coe, EH TI Maize silk maysin concentration and corn earworm antibiosis: QTLs and genetic mechanisms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA-MAYS; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; INHERITANCE; GROWTH; PLANT AB Growth of the corn earworm (Helicoverpa tea Boddie), a major pest of maize (Zea mays L.), is inhibited by high concentrations of maysin, a C-glycosyl flavone, in maize silks. To advance understanding of the genetic control of silk maysin concentration and antibiosis to corn earworm, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study in a population derived from a cross of high-maysin (GE37) and low-maysin (FF8) lines. Both lines have phenotypically identical, functional alleles at the pi. locus, a regulator of the biochemical pathway leading to maysin synthesis. We evaluated 250 (GE37 x FF8)F-23 families far (i) restriction fragment length polymorphisms at 121 loci, (ii) silk maysin concentrations in two locations tin Georgia and Missouri), and (iii) weight of corn earworm larvae grown on artificial diet containing oven dried silks. For maysin concentration in both locations, composite interval mapping revealed major QTLs in the asg20-whp1 interval of chromosome 2 and near the wx1 locus on chromosome 9; smaller effects were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. For larval weight, the largest QTL was detected in the asg2O-whp1 interval, and major effects were also associated with chromosomes 1 and 6. However, we found no effect on larval weight at wx1. Significant (P < 0.001) epistasis was observed for all traits. Our results suggest that whp1 on chromosome 2, a gene that encodes chalcone synthase and sm1, a silk-specific gene on chromosome 6, are candidate genes affecting maysin concentration and corn earworm larval weight in this population. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200032 ER PT J AU Njiti, VN Doubler, TW Suttner, RJ Gray, LE Gibson, PT Lightfoot, DA AF Njiti, VN Doubler, TW Suttner, RJ Gray, LE Gibson, PT Lightfoot, DA TI Resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome and root colonization by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycine in near-isogenic lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; INTEGRATION; POPULATION; PRIMERS AB One genomic region in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 'Essex' and three in 'Forrest' underlie field resistance to sudden death syndrome (SDS) leaf scorch in their recombinant inbred line (RIL) progeny. Root infection by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycine precedes the leaf scorch caused by SDS. Forrest shows rate-reducing resistance to both root colonization by F. solani and leaf scorch, whereas Essex does not. Our objective was to determine whether genomic regions that underlie resistance to the SDS leaf scorch also caused resistance to root colonization by F. solani in near-isogeneic lines (NILs). The NILs were derived from individual plants selected from within one recombinant-inbred line (ExF34). ExF34 was heterogenous within regions of linkage group C2 and G, each of which encompassed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SDS. Using DNA markers, four genotypic classes could be identified. The QTL effects were compared with two SDS disease parameters, leaf scorch measured as SDS disease index (DX) at the R6 growth stage and root colonization by F. solani measured as infection severity (IS) at the R5.5 and R8 growth stages. The Forrest allele of the genomic region on linkage group G was consistently associated with decreased DX (P < 0.05-0.0004) and IS (P < 0.05-0.0017). The Essex allele of the genomic region on linkage group C2 caused a decrease in DX (P > 0.05) and IS in the susceptible pair of the four ML clases st R5.5 but not R8. Therefore, the QTL on linkage group G and C2 confer separate components of resistance to SDS that are suitable for selection in a resistance gene pyramid. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mol Sci Program, Carbondale, IL 62091 USA. Zenecca Inc, Garst Inc, Slater, IA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lightfoot, DA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mol Sci Program, Carbondale, IL 62091 USA. EM GA4082@SIU.EDU OI Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 472 EP 477 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200033 ER PT J AU Storlie, EW Allan, RE Walker-Simmons, MK AF Storlie, EW Allan, RE Walker-Simmons, MK TI Effect of the Vrn1-Fr1 interval on cold hardiness levels in near-isogenic wheat lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L; FROST-RESISTANCE; GENETIC-CONTROL; WINTER-WHEAT; VERNALIZATION REQUIREMENT; CHROMOSOME 5A; BARLEY; WINTERHARDINESS; INHERITANCE; COMPONENTS AB We investigated the feasibility of cold hardiness manipulation in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., with the Vrn1-Fr1 interval on chromosome 5AL. The interval contains a gene(s) that has influenced vernalization requirements and cold hardiness levels. We conducted LT50 tests (lethal temperature of 50% of plants) on wheat NILs (near-isogenic lines) that differed for alleles at the Vrn1-Fr1 interval, to determine the effects of the interval on cold hardiness levels between hardy and nonhardy wheat. The Mts were derived from five backcrosses between a spring wheat recurrent parent,'Marfed', and two winter wheat donor parents, 'Suweon 185' and 'Chugoku 81', hardy and nonhardy, respectively. The developed populations were Suweon 185/6*Marfed and Chugoku 81/6*Marfed spring and winter NILs. Results showed that the winter NILs could tolerate a 4.3 degrees C colder LT50 store than the spring NILs, and that the Suweon 185/6*Marfed winter Mts could tolerate a 0.5 degrees C colder LT50 than Chugoku 81/6*Marfed winter Mts. Results indicate that the Vrn1-Fr1 interval explained between 71 and 91% of the variation for LT50 scores between these genotypes. The Mts were analyzed with the probe Xwg644 to confirm linkage with the Vrn1-Fr1 interval and to determine its utility as a marker for vernalization requirement and cold hardiness. EcoRI-digested DNA of the winter and spring Mt wheat, probed with Xwg644, showed that a 9.7-kb band co-segregated with the winter growth habit. Results indicate that differences in cold hardiness levels between winter wheat cultivars may be explained by this interval and that the interval may be manipulated through plant breeding to improve the cold hardiness of cultivars. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Walker-Simmons, MK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ksimmons@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200035 ER PT J AU Johnson, LD Marquez-Ortiz, JJ Lamb, JFS Barnes, DK AF Johnson, LD Marquez-Ortiz, JJ Lamb, JFS Barnes, DK TI Root morphology of alfalfa plant introductions and cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLLECTION AB Alfalfa (Medicago spp.) root morphology has a critical role in plant persistence and productivity traits. The objectives of this research were to evaluate root morphological traits for 1067 plant introductions (PIs) from diverse geographic origins and from 110 North American cultivars. All entries were grown in 2-m rows at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount, MN. Plants from both studies were evaluated during autumn of the establishment year for taproot diameter (TD), lateral root number (LRN), lateral root diameter (LRD), lateral root position (LRP), and fibrous root mass (FRM). Variability was observed among PIs and North American cultivars for all traits. The range for all traits were greater in the PIs than in the cultivars. Discriminant analysis using root morphological traits to generate canonical functions separated PIs assigned to germplasm groups from different geographic origins. Among the PIs, TD and LRD were positively correlated and LRN, LRP, and FRM were negatively correlated with fall dormancy. Discriminant analysis using root traits to generate canonical functions separated the very fall dormant from the non-dormant classes. Semi-dormant classes for cultivars released before 1980 had some overlap, but some individual classes could be distinguished by root traits. Semi-dormant classes for cultivars released after 1979 could not be separated. Fall dormancy was negatively correlated with LRN, LRD, LRP, and FRM for cultivars released before 1980, but FRM was the only root trait correlated with fall dormancy for cultivars released after 1979. Our results suggest that recent plant breeding strategies for semi-dormant alfalfa has influenced the relationship between fall dormancy and root morphology. Variation observed for root morphological traits among all alfalfa entries evaluated indicated that selection for specific root modifications could be effective. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. APDO, CELALA, INIFAP, Torreon 27000, Coahuila, Mexico. Cal W Seeds, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200037 ER PT J AU Nualsri, C Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ AF Nualsri, C Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ TI Rhizomatous Lotus corniculatus L.: III. Introgression of rhizomes into autogamous germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL GERMPLASM; REGISTRATION; PERSISTENCE; MORPHOLOGY AB Introduction of genes for rhizomes from wild Lotus corniculatus L. germplasm into domesticated germplasm may be an important step towards improving persistence of cultivated L. corniculatus, normally a cross-pollinated herbage crop. This study was initiated to determine if rhizomes could be transferred to a L. corniculatus germplasm that sexually reproduces via autogamy. Autogamy is an unusual reproductive expression in this typically self-incompatible species. Compatibility was high between the autogamous germplasm AG-S4 and five wild Moroccan accessions with rhizomes. Higher crossing success was obtained when AG-S4 was used as a maternal parent Most seeds produced were normal in appearance and size and had high germination. The resulting F(1) progeny were morphologically intermediate between the parents for size and shape of leaf and floral characters, but appeared more similar to their Moroccan parents. Differences between reciprocal crosses were not evident. Hybridity of progeny was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using eight primers. Fertility of F(1) progeny was low relative to their parents. Meiosis of parental genotypes was characterized by a high frequency of bivalents, but the meiotic behavior of their F(1) hybrids was more irregular. The frequency of univalents varied from 0 to 8 with an average 2.4 per cell, indicating homology of chromosomes between AG-S4 and Moroccan accessions was not complete. Rhizomes were successfully expressed in F(1) hybrids and a small, number were found to also be autogamous. The autogamous hybrids will be important tools to elucidate the inheritance of rhizomes in L. corniculatus. Selection among the hybrids could lead to autogamous, rhizomatous cultivars of L. corniculatus. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM pbeuselinck@psu.missouri.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200038 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Moore, KJ AF Vogel, KP Moore, KJ TI Forage yield and quality of tall wheatgrass accessions in the USDA germplasm collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPE AB Tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Liu and Wang] is a cool-season bunchgass from southern Europe and Asia Minor that is tolerant to saline or alkaline soils. The genetic base of tall wheatgrass cultivars is narrow. The lineages of four of the six cultivars of tall wheatgrass developed and released in the USA and Canada trace to a common accession, PI 98526. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of variation in the USDA collection of tall wheatgrass for forage quality, yield, and other agronomic traits. All available accessions of tap wheatgrass (n = 50) from the USDA Western Regional Plant Introduction Station at Pullman, WA, and two check cultivars, Platte and Jose, were used in the study. Greenhouse grown seedlings were transplanted in 1989 into a replicated field evaluation nursery located about 35 km west of Omaha, NE. An evaluation plot consisted of a single row of 10 plants spaced on 1.1-m centers. The experimental design was a blocks-in replicates design with two replications. The plots were evaluated for forage yield and quality including in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), protein content, and other traits in 1990 and 1991. Several of the PI lines had forage yields equivalent to the check cultivars. One accession, PI 98526, had higher first harvest IVDMD than the check cultivars; other accessions had IVDMD values equivalent to the check cultivars. In addition to having high yields and high IVDMD, these accessions also were equivalent to the check cultivars in other agronomic traits as indicated by high leafiness and inflorescence scores. The results indicate that superior germplasm exists in the USDA tall wheatgrass germplasm collection that can be used to develop improved cultivars of tap wheatgrass with improved forage quality as measured by IVDMD. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Wheat Sorghun & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Wheat Sorghun & Forage Res Unit, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200039 ER PT J AU Bianchi-Hall, CM Carter, TE Rufty, TW Arellano, C Boerma, HR Ashley, DA Burton, JW AF Bianchi-Hall, CM Carter, TE Rufty, TW Arellano, C Boerma, HR Ashley, DA Burton, JW TI Heritability and resource allocation of aluminum tolerance derived from soybean PI 416937 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID-SOIL; ROOT-GROWTH; SOLUTION CULTURE; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; TOXICITY; SELECTION; SUBSOIL; STRESS; TRAITS AB Aluminum toxicity restricts soybean [Glycine mar(L.) Merr.] yield in many growing areas. When correction of toxicity by management is impractical, an economically sound alternative is to develop Al tolerant cultivars. Heritability (BZ) estimates for Al tolerance in hydroponics would aid in the efficient design of selection programs for cultivar development. Our objectives were to determine the h(2) of Al tolerance in a F-4-derived population using tap root extension in hydroponics culture as the indicator of tolerance. The 120 random F-4-derived lines of sensitive 'Young' x tolerant PI 416937 were evaluated in the absence (NOAL) and presence (HIAL) of Al (2 mu M Al3+ activity) by means of a split-plot design. Aluminum stress increased seedling tap root extension 3% in PI 416937 and decreased extension in Young 53%. Mean progeny performance decreased 31%. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) progeny and progeny x Al interaction effects, indicating heritable genetic variation for Al tolerance. The h(2) under HIAL was moderate (0.57) on a single-replication basis and high (0.87) based upon five replicates, indicating the relative ease by which Al tolerance may be improved. Tolerance expressed as percent of control (PC) had a similar h(2). Approximately 6% of the F-4-derived progeny in this study were numerically similar to the parents for Al response under HIAL, suggesting that three to five genes may control Al tolerance and that a population size of 150 random inbred lines may be needed to assure full recovery of Al tolerance in the progeny of future breeding populations. Expected gain and risk avoidance analysis suggested that two or three replications are sufficient for initial screening of single seed descent (SSD) populations derived from the PI 416937 and that employment of this PI as a control enhances the ability of the breeder to discard inferior types during screening. Practical advice is presented to assist plant breeders in the efficient improvement of Al tolerance in soybean. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200040 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Majerus, ME Scheetz, JG Holzworth, LK Nielson, DC AF Jones, TA Majerus, ME Scheetz, JG Holzworth, LK Nielson, DC TI Registration of 'Rimrock' Indian ricegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RETENTION C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. USDA, NRCS, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 539 EP 540 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200051 ER PT J AU Kirby, JS Melouk, HA Stevens, TE Banks, DJ Sholar, JR Damicone, JP Jackson, KE AF Kirby, JS Melouk, HA Stevens, TE Banks, DJ Sholar, JR Damicone, JP Jackson, KE TI Registration of 'Southwest Runner' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Kirby, JS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 545 EP 546 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200059 ER PT J AU Nickell, CD Noel, GR Tharp, JE Cary, TR Thomas, DJ AF Nickell, CD Noel, GR Tharp, JE Cary, TR Thomas, DJ TI Registration of 'LN92-11008' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nickell, CD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200060 ER PT J AU Sleper, DA Nickell, CD Noel, GR Cary, TR Thomas, DJ Clark, KM Arelli, APR AF Sleper, DA Nickell, CD Noel, GR Cary, TR Thomas, DJ Clark, KM Arelli, APR TI Registration of 'Maverick' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 549 EP 550 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200066 ER PT J AU Busch, RH McVey, DV Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Warnes, DD Wilcoxson, RD Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA Edwards, I Schmidt, HJ AF Busch, RH McVey, DV Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Warnes, DD Wilcoxson, RD Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA Edwards, I Schmidt, HJ TI Registration of 'BacUp' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Univ Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Moorhead, MN 56560 USA. RP Busch, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 550 EP 551 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200067 ER PT J AU Sorrells, ME Anderson, JA AF Sorrells, ME Anderson, JA TI Registration of 'Cayuga' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sorrells, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, 252 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200069 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Ratcliffe, RH Huber, DM Buechley, GC Cambron, SE AF Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Ratcliffe, RH Huber, DM Buechley, GC Cambron, SE TI Registration of 'Patterson' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200071 ER PT J AU Eizenga, GC Phillips, TD AF Eizenga, GC Phillips, TD TI Registration of 13 monosomic tall fescue genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, SPA, NRGEEC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, NRGEEC, 2900 Hwy 130 E,POB 287, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 554 EP 555 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200073 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ TI Registration of A3N242 and A3N243 sudangrass genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200074 ER PT J AU Phillips, TD Eizenga, GC Pedersen, JF Burrus, PB AF Phillips, TD Eizenga, GC Pedersen, JF Burrus, PB TI Registration of orchardgrass germplasms KY 07G23-334 and KY 07G23-336 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Rice Germplasm Enhancement & Evaluat Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Tobacco & Forage Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200080 ER PT J AU Wesenberg, DM Baenziger, PS Rasmusson, DC Burrup, DE Jones, BL AF Wesenberg, DM Baenziger, PS Rasmusson, DC Burrup, DE Jones, BL TI Registration of 88Ab536-B barley germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Idaho, USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen Res & Ext Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wesenberg, DM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen Res & Ext Ctr, POB 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200079 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Lewers, KS AF Palmer, RG Lewers, KS TI Registration of 68 soybean germplasm lines segregating for male sterility SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC DIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVARS C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR Unit, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 560 EP 562 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200081 ER PT J AU Devine, TE AF Devine, TE TI Registration of BARC-13 vegetable soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Inst Plant Sci, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20707 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Inst Plant Sci, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20707 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200082 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL AF Williams, WP Windham, GL TI Registration of root-knot nematode resistant maize germplasm lines Mp709, Mp710, Mp711, and Mp712 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200083 ER PT J AU Dahlberg, JA Rosenow, DT Peterson, GC Clark, LE Miller, FR Sotomayor-Rios, A Hamburger, AJ Madera-Torres, P Quiles-Belen, A Woodfin, CA AF Dahlberg, JA Rosenow, DT Peterson, GC Clark, LE Miller, FR Sotomayor-Rios, A Hamburger, AJ Madera-Torres, P Quiles-Belen, A Woodfin, CA TI Registration of 40 converted Sorghum germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dahlberg, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, TARS, Box 70, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 564 EP 565 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200084 ER PT J AU Phillips, TD Eizenga, GC Pedersen, JF Burrus, PB AF Phillips, TD Eizenga, GC Pedersen, JF Burrus, PB TI Registration of KY-leafy timothy germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Rice Germplasm Enhancement & Evaluat Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Wheat Sorghum & Forage Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Tobacco & Forage Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200086 ER PT J AU Rooney, WL Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA AF Rooney, WL Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA TI Registration of Tx2909 and Tx2910 sorghum germplasm (sudangrass type) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Rooney, WL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200085 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Young, LD AF Kilen, TC Young, LD TI Registration of D94-6041 soybean germplasm line resistant to Phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INHERITANCE C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 196, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200087 ER PT J AU Murphy, JP Leath, S Huynh, D Navarro, RA Shi, A AF Murphy, JP Leath, S Huynh, D Navarro, RA Shi, A TI Registration of NC96BGTD1, NC96BGTD2, and NC96BGTD3 wheat germplasm resistant to powdery mildew SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT C1 USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 570 EP 571 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200091 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Mozingo, RW AF Coffelt, TA Mozingo, RW TI Registration of VGP 10 peanut germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Tidewater Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 573 EP 574 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200095 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Mason, JB TI Chemoprevention of colon cancer SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; RISK; TRIAL AB Colorectal cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in North America. Prevention of the disease is an inherently more attractive approach to dealing with the problem than treatment of existing disease for both medical and fiscal reasons. Chemoprevention is a promising tool for colorectal cancer prevention and should assume an increasingly prominent role since decades of advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have produced only minor declines in mortality from this cancer. The evaluation of natural and synthetic agents that can attenuate the risk of colon cancer should lead to new strategies for colon cancer chemoprevention. This review summarizes the most recent advances in chemoprevention studies including laboratory, epidemiologic, and clinical research, and includes some discussion of the presumptive mechanism(s) by which each prospective chemopreventive agent produces its protective effects. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1097/00001574-199803000-00015 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YZ249 UT WOS:000072235200015 ER PT J AU Dennis, B Kemp, WP Taper, ML AF Dennis, B Kemp, WP Taper, ML TI Joint density dependence SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bull trout; density dependence; grasshoppers; locusts; logistic model; metapopulation; multivariate time series; nonlinear autoregressive model; population viability analysis; stochastic population model ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER ORTHOPTERA; SEQUENTIAL CENSUSES; ANIMAL NUMBERS; POPULATION PERSISTENCE; LEAST-SQUARES; TIME-SERIES; TESTS; STABILIZATION; ACRIDIDAE; DYNAMICS AB We present a new multivariate model for describing jointly fluctuating, density-dependent populations. The model is a stochastic, multivariate version of a discrete-time logistic model that explicitly accounts for spatial variation of growth rate parameters and covariances of fluctuations between populations. Statistical methods for applying the model to time series data on population abundances are described in detail. We derive formulas for maximum-likelihood estimates of model parameters, and we develop hypothesis tests for various reduced model structures, such as density independence or zero covariance. The applicability of the model to any given data set can be thoroughly evaluated with diagnostic procedures. As examples, we apply the model to two population systems: rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in three physiographic regions of Montana, USA, and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in four tributaries of the Flathead River in Montana. The model and associated statistical methods have potentially important applications in conservation biology for describing metapopulations and for assessing joint jeopardy of multiple populations. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dennis, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 74 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 1998 VL 79 IS 2 BP 426 EP 441 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0426:JDD]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZA653 UT WOS:000072387600006 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ AF Gustafson, EJ TI Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: What is the state of the art? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE spatial pattern; index; indices; spatial heterogeneity; patchiness; landscape ecology; scale; geostatistics; autocovariation; spatial models ID ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; HABITAT; HETEROGENEITY; INDEXES; DIVERSITY; BIRDS; QUANTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITIES AB Landscape ecology is based on the premise that there are strong links between ecological pattern and ecological function and process. Ecological systems are spatially heterogeneous, exhibiting considerable complexity and variability in time and space. This variability is typically represented by categorical maps or by a collection of samples taken at specific spatial locations (point data). Categorical maps quantize variability by identifying patches that are relatively homogeneous and that exhibit a relatively abrupt transition to adjacent areas. Alternatively, point-data analysis (geostatistics) assumes that the system property is spatially continuous, making fewer assumptions about the nature of spatial structure. Each data model provides capabilities that the other does not, and they should be considered complementary. Although the concept of patches is intuitive and consistent with much of ecological theory, point-data analysis can answer two of the most critical questions in spatial pattern analysis: what is the appropriate scale to conduct the analysis, and what is the nature of the spatial structure? I review the techniques to evaluate categorical maps and spatial point data, and make observations about the interpretation of spatial pattern indices and the appropriate application of the techniques. Pattern analysis techniques are most useful when applied and interpreted in the context of the organism(s) and ecological processes of interest, and at appropriate scales, although some may be useful as coarse-filter indicators of ecosystem function. I suggest several important needs for future research, including continued investigation of scaling issues, development of indices that measure specific components of spatial pattern, and efforts to make point-data analysis more compatible with ecological theory. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM ericgus@newnorth.net NR 91 TC 772 Z9 852 U1 14 U2 255 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 1 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s100219900011 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115QM UT WOS:000075676200002 ER PT J AU Schmerr, MJ Jenny, A AF Schmerr, MJ Jenny, A TI A diagnostic test for scrapie-infected sheep using a capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with fluorescent-labeled peptides SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE prion protein; immune complexes; capillary electrophoresis ID PRION PROTEIN; IMMUNOCAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; COMPETITION ASSAY; AFFINITY; BIOLOGY; BRAIN AB Scrapie in sheep and goats is the prototype of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies found in humans and animals. A feature of these diseases is the accumulation of rod-shaped fibrils in the brain that form from an aggregated protein. This protein (PrPSC) is a protease-resistant form of a normal host cell protein. When the aggregated protein is denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and beta-mercaptoethanol, a monomer form of similar to 27 kDa molecular mass is observed. A competition immunoassay to detect PrPSC from scrapie-infected sheep was developed using free zone capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for detection and flourescein-labeled synthetic peptides from PrPSC. Antibodies were made to each respective pep tide and used in the competition assay. The fluorescent-labeled peptides bound to the antibody were separated from the unbound peptides using 200 mM Tricine, pH 8.0, containing 0.1% n-octylglucoside and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The amount of antibody that would bind similar to 50% of the fluorescent-labeled peptide was determined for each peptide. When unlabeled peptide was added to the assay, similar to 2 fmoles of the peptide could be measured. When PrPSC extracted from infected sheep brain was added to the assay, approximately 135 pg of PrPSC could be detected. When preparations from normal sheep were assayed, there was little or no competition for the bound peptides. Assays using two of the peptides, peptides spanning amino acid positions 142-154 and 155-178, clearly differentiated scrapie-positive sheep from normal animals. This assay is a new method that can be used to diagnose scrapie and, possibly, other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals and in humans. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schmerr, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1002/elps.1150190308 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZD713 UT WOS:000072716000007 PM 9551793 ER PT J AU Raguso, RA Light, DM AF Raguso, RA Light, DM TI Electroantennogram responses of male Sphinx perelegans hawkmoths to floral and 'green-leaf volatiles' SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE EAG; Sphingidae; olfaction; pollination; Hyles lineata; floral scent; Clarkia breweri; night-blooming flowers ID CLARKIA-BREWERI; POLLINATION; SPHINGIDAE; MOTHS; SCENT; ORCHIDACEAE; ONAGRACEAE; LEPIDOPTERA; CHEMOTYPES; EVOLUTION AB Electroantennograms (EAGs) from field-collected male Sphinx perelegans hawkmoths were recorded in response to 10 individual floral scent compounds identified from Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae), 21 additional volatiles characteristic of other night-blooming flowers, and eight 'green leaf' volatiles. Measurable EAG responses were elicited to all compounds tested, but the most effective antennal stimulants were benzyl acetate, linalool, methyl salicylate and trans-2-hexenal. Mean, pooled EAGs to oxygenated terpenoids, aromatic esters and fatty acid derivatives were larger in magnitude than those in response to aromatic aldehydes/alcohols, monoterpenes and nitrogen-bearing compounds. The rank order of male S. perelegans' EAGs did not differ significantly from that of previously recorded responses of male Hyles lineata to the same scent compounds, and EAG magnitudes were generally larger for S. perelegans than for H. lineata. Both hawkmoth species are shown to have broad olfactory receptivities and could potentially respond to a wide array of plant volatiles;Is floral attractants. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Raguso, RA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Div Neurobiol, ARL, 611 Gould Simpson Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 51 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 86 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00291.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZF130 UT WOS:000072865600008 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Van, TK Center, TD AF Wheeler, GS Van, TK Center, TD TI Fecundity and egg distribution of the herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis as influenced by quality of the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE fecundity; host plant quality; Pistia stratiotes; Spodoptera pectinicornis; nitrogen; trichomes; oviposition; biological control of weeds ID SAMEA-MULTIPLICALIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SURVIVAL; AVAILABILITY; BUTTERFLIES; TRICHOMES; DEFENSES; FOLIAGE; INSECTS AB We determined the influence of host quality of the floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) on the fecundity and egg distribution of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Different nutritional levels were produced by growing plants with relatively low and high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Female and male pupal biomass were significantly greater when the larvae were fed leaves from the high fertilizer plants. Although the fertilizer treatments did not significantly influence total fecundity, there was an indirect effect as adults from larger pupae were more fecund. Regardless nf treatment ovipositing females, formed a depression in the leaf surface by removing trichomes into which they deposited the egg masses. Most of the egg masses were laid on the lower leaf surface, on leaf positions 5-8 (counting from the young inner to the outer leaves) and during days 1-2 post-eclosion. Most of the eggs were laid in masses but about 12% were solitary. Females fed the low fertilizer treatment laid a greater proportion (mean +/- s.e.) of their eggs as solitary eggs (17.3 +/- 3.4% of total eggs) than did females fed the high fertilizer treatment (8.3 +/- 2.3% of total eggs). The increased percentage of solitary eggs laid by the females from the low quality larval diet may be an adaptive response to decrease competition among the progeny. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Weed Res Unit, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Weed Res Unit, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 86 IS 3 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00292.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZF130 UT WOS:000072865600009 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Miller, SS AF Brown, MW Miller, SS TI Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in apple orchards of eastern West Virginia and the impact of invasion by Harmonia axyridis SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY; NORTH-AMERICA; LADY BEETLES; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE AB Twenty-five species of Coccinellidae were found on apple in eastern West Virginia from 1983 to 1996. From 1989 through 1994, the exotic coccinellid, Coccinella septempunctata (first collected in 1983), has dominated the fauna of the tribe Coccinellini. Another adventive species, Harmonia axyridis (first collected in 1994), became the dominant species in the tribe Coccinellini in 1995, and continues to dominate the coccinelline guild on apple. Harmonia axyridis has displaced C. septempunctata and is providing better biological control of Aphis spiraecola on apple in eastern West Virginia. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 109 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZH638 UT WOS:000073131800011 ER PT J AU Wright, RJ Codling, EE Stuczynski, T Siddaramappa, R AF Wright, RJ Codling, EE Stuczynski, T Siddaramappa, R TI Influence of soil-applied coal combustion byproducts on growth and elemental composition of annual ryegrass SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE coal combustion by-products; trace elements; ryegrass growth ID BY-PRODUCTS; FLY-ASH; NUTRITION; RESIDUES; PH AB The total annual production of coal combustion by-products in the USA is expected to exceed 150 million Mg by the year 2000. Agricultural utilisation may offer a partial solution to disposal problems, but the benefits and risks associated with using these materials must be assessed. Four coal combustion by-products, bed ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) from a fluidised-bed combustion furnace and stabilised scrubber sludge (SS) and a high gypsum content by-product (G) from flue gas desulphurisation processes were added to two soils at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg(-1). The growth and elemental composition of 'Gulf' annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were evaluated in the treated soils. Adding FA, SS and G to both soils at application rates of up to 80 g kg(-1) was not detrimental to the growth of ryegrass and resulted in higher yields than controls in some instances. Adding BA created a high alkalinity, high soluble-salt environment that initially inhibited seedling germination and significantly reduced (p<0.05) yields of dry matter, so it will probably need to be restricted to rates of lime requirement. Ryegrass concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr were similar in control and treated soils, but levels of B, Se, As and Mo were raised in treatments. Based on low trace-element concentrations in ryegrass shoots and in soil solution, Se from FA application may be the only potential food-chain risk associated with application of the four coal combustion by-products used in this investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wright, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 007,Room 224,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD MAR PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1006571026303 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA ZD511 UT WOS:000072693300003 ER PT J AU Patz, JA Martens, WJM Focks, DA Jetten, TH AF Patz, JA Martens, WJM Focks, DA Jetten, TH TI Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE Aedes; biological models; climate; dengue; greenhouse effect; risk assessment; virus diseases ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; LIFE TABLE MODEL; SEA-LEVEL; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; CULICIDAE; DISEASES; DETERMINANTS; PERSPECTIVE AB Climate factors influence the transmission of dengue fever, the world's most widespread vector-borne virus. We examined the potential added risk posed by global climate change on dengue transmission using computer-based simulation analysis to link temperature output from three climate general circulation models (GCMs) to a dengue vectorial capacity equation. Our outcome measure, epidemic potential, is the reciprocal of the critical mosquito density threshold of the vectorial capacity equation. An increase in epidemic potential indicates that a smaller number of mosquitoes can maintain a state of endemicity of disease where dengue virus is introduced. Baseline climate data for comparison are from 1931 to 1980. Among the three GCMs, the average projected temperature elevation was 1.16 degrees C, expected by the year 2050. All three GCMs projected a temperature-related increase in potential seasonal transmission in five selected cities, as well as an increase in global epidemic potential, with the largest area change occurring in temper ate regions. For regions already at risk, the aggregate epidemic potential across the three scenarios rose on average between 31 and 47% (range, 24-74%). If climate change occurs, as many climatologists believe, this will increase the epidemic potential of dengue-carrying mosquitoes, given viral introduction and susceptible human populations. Our risk assessment suggests that increased incidence map first occur in regions bordering: endemic zones in latitude or altitude. Endemic locations may be at higher risk from hemorrhagic dengue if transmission intensity increases. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Maastricht Univ, Dept Math, Maastricht, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Entomol, Grad Sch Prod Ecol, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Patz, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 7041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Martens, Pim/A-9297-2011; Jetten, Theo/G-1721-2015 OI Jetten, Theo/0000-0001-9592-4895 NR 59 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 38 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 106 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106147 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 110JX UT WOS:000075378600019 PM 9452414 ER PT J AU Loague, K Corwin, DL Ellsworth, TR AF Loague, K Corwin, DL Ellsworth, TR TI The challenge of predicting nonpoint source pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; ASSESSMENTS; HAWAII C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USGS, Ctr Earth Sci Informat Res, Stanford, CA USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Loague, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 5 BP 130A EP 133A PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YZ913 UT WOS:000072307100023 PM 21662151 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, RT Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Norred, WP AF Voss, KA Riley, RT Bacon, CW Meredith, FI Norred, WP TI Toxicity and sphinganine levels are correlated in rats fed fumonisin B-1 (FB1) or hydrolyzed FB1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; hydrolyzed fumonisins; nixtamalization; sphingolipids; toxicity ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; EXPOSURE AB Nixtamalization of Fusarium moniliforme culture material reduced, but did not eliminate, its toxicity to rats. Liver and kidney sphinganine concentration and sphinganine to sphingosine ratio of the animals fed diets containing water extracted (8 ppm fumonisin B-1 (FB1)), nixtamalized (58 ppm hydrolyzed FB1), or unprocessed culture material (71 ppm FB1) were increased compared to those fed a diet lacking detectable fumonisins. Increases were generally correlated with the severity of hepatic and renal lesions and were highly correlated (P < 0.0001) with body weight effects and serum chemical indications of hepatotoxicity. The findings are further evidence that inhibition of the enzyme ceramide synthase may be a key event in fumonisin toxigenesis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(97)10009-6 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZL173 UT WOS:000073406100002 PM 21781855 ER PT J AU Spiecker, H Gottschalk, KW AF Spiecker, H Gottschalk, KW TI Special feature: Recent problems in oak decline - Preface SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Forest Growth, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Spiecker, H (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Forest Growth, Bertoedstr 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZG057 UT WOS:000072961300001 ER PT J AU Gottschalk, KW Colbert, JJ Feicht, DL AF Gottschalk, KW Colbert, JJ Feicht, DL TI Tree mortality risk of oak due to gypsy moth SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUFRO XX World Congress CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org AB We present prediction models for estimating tree mortality resulting from gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, defoliation in mixed oak, Quercus sp., forests. These models differ from previous work by including defoliation as a factor in the analysis. Defoliation intensity, initial tree crown condition (crown vigour), crown position, and species grouping classes were highly significant in categorical analysis of variance for mortality. Heavy defoliation Intensity was shown to have a strong, consistent influence in increasing the probability of tree mortality. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis, a binomial decision tree procedure, was used to develop prediction models of mortality risk for use by forest managers. The best decision tree had 65 groups that correctly classified 75% of the live trees and 76% of ihe dead trees. Models were run separately by defoliation class and provided correct classifications between 63 and 78% of the trees. Forest land managers can use these models to assign probabilities of death for moderate and heavy defoliation intensity levels and compare predicted mortality to mortality of undefoliated trees to determine how gypsy moth defoliation will affect their stands. The probabilities can be used to develop marking guides based on projected defoliation levels for implementing silvicultural treatments to minimize gypsy moth effects in forest stands prior to infestation. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gottschalk, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 121 EP 132 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZG057 UT WOS:000072961300005 ER PT J AU Van Driesche, RG Idoine, K Rose, M Bryan, M AF Van Driesche, RG Idoine, K Rose, M Bryan, M TI Release, establishment and spread of Asian natural enemies of euonymus scale (homoptera : diaspididae) in New England SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Chilocorus kuwanae; Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus; Coccobius sp. nr. fulvus; biological control; establishment AB Between 1990 and 1995, the USDA/APHIS National Biological Control Laboratory in Niles, MI, Texas A&M University, and the University of Massachusetts conducted a biological control introduction program against the Asian diaspidid scale insect Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), a pest of woody landscape plants. Two species of predators (Chilocorus huwanae Silvestri, Coleop.: Coccinellidae and Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus Enrody-Younga, Coleop.: Cybocephalidae) and three aphelinid parasitoids (Encarsia sp. nr. diaspidicola [Silvestri], Coccobius sp. nr. fulvus [Compere et Annecke], and Aphytis sp.) were collected near Beijing, China and released in southern New England. We report establishment of C. kuwanae, C. sp. nr. nipponicus and Coccobius sp. nr. fulvus in Massachusetts. Chilocorus huwanae has spread throughout southern New England and the proportion of euonymus shrubs in landscape-level surveys bearing C. kuwanae stages was positively related to scale density, with the coccinellid present on 1.1%, 6.3%, 12.5%, and 26.3% of shrubs whose scale populations were classified as none, light, medium, and heavy, among 4843 plants examined from 1992-1994 in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Cybocephalus sp. nr. nipponicus and C, sp. nr. fulvus, while established at some release sites, have been observed to spread to new locations in only one and two instances, respectively. Encarsia sp. nr. diaspidicola was recovered at some release locations, but establishment is uncertain. No recoveries were made of the Aphytis sp. parasitoid, but this species was released later than the other species and further recovery efforts are needed. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Extens Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA APHIS, Natl Biol Control Lab, Niles, MI 49120 USA. RP Van Driesche, RG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 101TT UT WOS:000074884800001 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA AF Teal, PEA TI Stimulation of sex pheromone production in corn earworm moths by injection of extracts of heads of males of the caribbean fruit fly SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone biosynthesis; neuropeptide; Caribbean fruit fly; corn earworm moth ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; BIOSYNTHESIS; FEMALES; QUANTIFICATION; NEUROPEPTIDE; LEPIDOPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; PERIODICITY; PHOTOPHASE; VOLATILES AB Females of the Corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa tea Boddie, were induced to produce sex pheromone during the photophase, when no pheromone is normally produced, by injection of aqueous extracts obtained from the heads of sexually mature males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). The amounts of sex pheromone present in extracts of pheromone glands from moths, obtained 1 h after injection of between 0.25-10 head equivalents of extracts, were greater than that present in extracts from females injected with only saline. Moths injected with 1 head equivalent of fly extract produced as much pheromone as was produced by moths injected with 5 pmol of synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). However, the amount of pheromone was lower in extracts obtained from females injected with 10 head equivalents than in extracts from females injected with 1 head equivalent. ELISA studies, conducted using antisera which binds with PBAN, and the biologically active C-terminal decapeptide fragment of PBAN, indicated that material present in extracts from fly heads bound with the antibody in a dose dependent fashion. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.2307/3496000 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 101TT UT WOS:000074884800011 ER PT J AU Knipling, EF AF Knipling, EF TI Sterile insect and parasite augmentation techniques: Unexploited solutions for many insect pest problems SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE POPULATION; HYMENOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; BRACONIDAE C1 ARS, Div Entomol Res, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 134 EP 160 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 101TT UT WOS:000074884800016 ER PT J AU Lagrotte, LJ AF Lagrotte, LJ TI Thanks for renewing interest SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Lagrotte, LJ (reprint author), USDA, Winter Haven, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZB100 UT WOS:000072435700001 ER PT J AU Kline, DE Widoyoko, A Wiedenbeck, JK Araman, PA AF Kline, DE Widoyoko, A Wiedenbeck, JK Araman, PA TI Performance of color camera machine vision in automated furniture rough mill systems SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMBER AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of color camera machine vision for lumber processing in a furniture rough mill. The study used 134 red oak boards to compare the performance of automated gang-rip-first rough mill yield based on a prototype color camera lumber inspection system developed at Virginia Tech with both estimated optimum rough mill yield and actual measured rough mill yield. Automated yield was found to be 56.3 percent compared to 69.1 percent(optimum) and 65.6 percent (observed). The relatively low yield based on the color camera lumber scanning system was due to the fact that image processing algorithms were very sensitive and tended to identify and cut out defects that were not truly present. The natural variations in the color of clear wood of red oak suggests that other sensing techniques along with color sensing will be needed to accurately characterize those lumber features that are important in furniture rough mill processing. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 25061 USA. Samarinda Forestry Senior High Sch, Samarinda, Indonesia. Samarinda Foresty Training Ctr, Samarinda, Indonesia. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, So Expt Sta, USDA, Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kline, DE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 25061 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 3 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZD763 UT WOS:000072721300010 ER PT J AU Helmer, WA Stokke, DD Sun, J AF Helmer, WA Stokke, DD Sun, J TI A case study of fluidized-bed combustion of wood/coal mixtures. Part A. The effect of wood particle size SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cofiring wood with coal provides many advantages compared to burning each fuel individually. The effects of cofiring these fuels has not been adequately studied. In the present study, debarked silver maple wood was supplied from a short-rotation biomass farm. This fuel was burned simultaneously with high sulfur (3%) Illinois bituminous coal in a small-diameter fluidized bed combustor. Emissions of SO2 were reduced slightly as the percentage of wood in the mixture was increased. Wood particle size difference had little effect on emissions of oxides of nitrogen. Combustion temperature and excess air level are probably more crucial combustion parameters with respect to SO2 and NOx emissions generated. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Helmer, WA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 3 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZD763 UT WOS:000072721300011 ER PT J AU Thomas, RE AF Thomas, RE TI ROMI-CROSS: An analysis tool for crosscut-first roughmill operations SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB ROMI-CROSS is a computer software package designed for use by crosscut-first roughmill operators and researchers. ROMI-CROSS allows users to examine the interactions and impacts of various roughmill operations. Variables that can be examined include chopsaw optimization strategies, cutting bills, and lumber grade mixes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Thomas, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 3 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZD763 UT WOS:000072721300015 ER PT J AU Keegan, CE Wichman, DP Blatner, KA Van Hooser, DD Willits, SA AF Keegan, CE Wichman, DP Blatner, KA Van Hooser, DD Willits, SA TI Mill residue volume factor changes in Idaho and Montana SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper reports mill residue factors indicating volumes of residue generated per thousand board feet (MBF) of lumber produced and per thousand square feet (MSF) of plywood produced by mills in Idaho and Montana. Historic trends and projected changes are detailed. Since 1969 there has been an approximate 30 percent reduction in the volume of residue produced per MBF of lumber and a 20 percent reduction per MSF of plywood produced by Idaho mills. Montana's sawmills and plywood plants saw a 16 and 11 percent decline, respectively. The largest changes among the various components of mill residue were decreases in sawdust, planer shavings, and bark. Much smaller changes were observed in the volume of chips or coarse residue generated, and the volume of coarse residue generated per unit of lumber and plywood produced increased slightly over the past 25 years in Montana. The analysis indicates that in the next decade, the volume of mill residue per unit of lumber produced will decline 9 to 25 percent; for plywood the decline is expected to be 10 to 14 percent, Improved mill technology, such as better log positioning, thinner sawkerfs, smaller target green lumber sizes, greater drying and planing efficiency, and plywood lathes capable of peeling to a smaller core diameter, has been primarily responsible for reductions in the volume of residue produced. C1 Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Res Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, Inventory Monitoring & Evaluat Program, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Sta, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory Monitoring & Evaluat Program, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Keegan, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 3 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZD763 UT WOS:000072721300016 ER PT J AU Chen, PYS Zhang, GQ Van Sambeek, JW AF Chen, PYS Zhang, GQ Van Sambeek, JW TI Relationships among growth rate, vessel lumen area, and wood permeability for three central hardwood species SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BLACK-WALNUT AB The goal of mo st silvicultural practices is to increase tree height and diameter growth. However, very little is known about the effect of different growth rates on hardwood permeability. A thorough understanding of wood permeability is essential for proper wood drying and treatment. Twelve trees of the same age were cut and divided into three diameter growth classes of four trees each for northern red oak, black walnut, and yellow-poplar. Vessel lumen area and the longitudinal and radial permeabilities of the sapwood of each species were measured to evaluate the effect of diameter growth rate on vessel lumen area percentage and on the intrinsic permeability. The longitudinal permeability of the outer heartwood of each species also was determined to evaluate the effect of growth rate on the decrease in longitudinal permeability following sapwood conversion to heartwood. Faster diameter growth produced higher longitudinal permeability in the sapwood of yellow-poplar, but not in the sapwood of northern red oak or black walnut. Growth rate had no effect on either vessel lumen area percentage or decrease in longitudinal permeability in newly formed heartwood for all three species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Missouri, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, PYS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, SIU Mailcode 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 48 IS 3 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZD763 UT WOS:000072721300020 ER PT J AU Bridgwater, FE Bramlett, DL Byram, TD Lowe, WJ AF Bridgwater, FE Bramlett, DL Byram, TD Lowe, WJ TI Controlled mass pollination in loblolly pine to increase genetic gains SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE supplemental mass pollination; expected genetic gains; pollen contamination AB Controlled mass pollination (CMP) is one way to increase genetic gains from traditional wind-pollinated seed orchards. Methodology is under development by several forestry companies in the southern USA. Costs of CMP depend on the efficient installation, pollination, and removal of inexpensive paper bags. Even in pilot-scale studies these costs seem reasonable. Net present values from CMP in a sample of sixty-seven loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchards in the Western Gulf Forest Tree Improvement Program are conservatively expected to average $108 per acre of plantation established with seedlings from CMP among the best six parents in each of five breeding regions and $154 per acre for CMP among the best pair of parents in each breeding region. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Forest Sci Lab, US Forest Serv, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bridgwater, FE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Forest Sci Lab, US Forest Serv, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM137 UT WOS:000073508400032 ER PT J AU Angradi, T Hood, R AF Angradi, T Hood, R TI An application of the plaster dissolution method for quantifying water velocity in the shallow hyporheic zone of an Appalachian stream system SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION; HYDROLOGIC EXCHANGE; DESERT STREAM; RIVER; PERSPECTIVES; GROUNDWATER; SUBSTRATUM; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; MOTION AB 1. A method for quantifying interstitial water velocity based on the dissolution rate of plaster of Paris standards was developed as part of a study of vertical, longitudinal (1-4 order sites) and seasonal variation in the biotic and physical characteristics of the shallow hyporheic zone (0-30 cm) of a headwater stream system in West Virginia, U.S.A. 2. A calibration model was developed using a water velocity simulation tank to relate mass loss of plaster standards to water velocity and temperature. The model was then used to calculate water velocity through artificial substrata embedded in the shallow hyporheic zone of four stream reaches based on in situ mass loss of plaster standards. 3. Water velocity in the hyporheic zone increased with stream order, was highest in early spring and winter during high stream base flows, and decreased with depth into the substratum. There was a strong interaction between depth and season: during periods of high stream discharge, water velocity through the upper level of the shallow hyporheic zone (0-10 cm into the substrate) increased disproportionately more than velocity at greater depths. Mean interstitial velocity in March ranged from 0 cm s(-1) in the lowest level (20-30 cm) to 3.5 cm s(-1) at the upper level (0-10 cm) at the first-order site, and from 2.5 cm s(-1) (20-30 cm) to 9.5 cm s(-1) (0-10 cm s(-1)) at the fourth-order site. Gradients in stream discharge and sediment permeability accounted for treatment effects. 4. Use of calibrated data improved the ability to resolve among-season differences in interstitial water movement over the use of uncalibrated mass loss data. For some applications of the plaster standard method, empirical calibration may not be necessary. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. RP Angradi, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00280.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZF319 UT WOS:000072885600009 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT Hammons, HK Bryan, SR Hoagland, PD AF Gillespie, DT Hammons, HK Bryan, SR Hoagland, PD TI Enhancing aqueous SEC - Improving aqueous size exclusion chromatography resolution SO GENETIC ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Article C1 Viscotek Corp, Houston, TX USA. USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0270-6377 J9 GENET ENG NEWS JI Genet. Eng. News PD MAR 1 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 5 BP 21 EP + PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZB847 UT WOS:000072514000012 ER PT J AU Veldkamp, E Keller, M Nunez, M AF Veldkamp, E Keller, M Nunez, M TI Effects of pasture management on N2O and NO emissions from soils in the humid tropics of Costa Rica SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST SOILS; NITROUS-OXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) from agricultural soils in the tropics are important in the global budgets of these trace gases. We made monthly measurements of N2O and NO emissions from pastures with three different management systems on volcanic soils in northwestern Costa Rica: traditional (no N input from fertilizer or legumes), pastures with a grass-legume combination, and pastures fertilized with 300 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1). Average annual N2O emissions were 2.7 ng N cm(-2)h(-1) from the traditional pastures, 4.9 ng N cm(-2)h(-1) from the grass-legume pastures, and 25.8 ng N cm(-2)h(-1) from the fertilized pastures. Average annual NO emissions were 0.9, 1.3, and 5.3 ng N cm(-2)h(-1) from traditional, grass-legume and fertilized pastures, respectively. In a separate experiment the effects of ammonium, nitrate, and urea-based fertilizer mixtures on nitrogen oxide fluxes were compared. We measured nitrogen oxide fluxes following four different fertilization events. Nitrogen oxide fluxes were among the highest ever measured. The difference in soil water content between the fertilization events had a far greater effect on N2O and NO emissions than the effect of fertilizer composition. We conclude that the concept of "emission factors" for calculating N2O and NO emissions from different types of N fertilizer is flawed because environmental factors are more important than the type of N fertilizer. To estimate fertilizer-induced N2O emission in tropical agriculture, stratification according to soil moisture regime is more useful than stratification according to fertilizer composition. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Foresty, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Veldkamp, E (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernahrung, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM eveldka@mailer.gwdg.de; lba.ecology@unh.edu RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 28 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1029/97GB02730 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZB470 UT WOS:000072475200005 ER PT J AU Martin, RE Scholes, MC Mosier, AR Ojima, DS Holland, EA Parton, WJ AF Martin, RE Scholes, MC Mosier, AR Ojima, DS Holland, EA Parton, WJ TI Controls on annual emissions of nitric oxide from soils of the Colorado shortgrass steppe SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English Finnish DT Article ID DRY TROPICAL FOREST; NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; N2O FLUXES; NO; NITRIFICATION; TROPOSPHERE; PRAIRIE; MODEL AB Estimates of NO(x) (NO+NO(2)) emissions from temperate grasslands range from 0.003 to 101 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1) (average 4.17 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1)). As a result of this uncertainty, the potential contribution of soil NO(x) emissions to the global budget and to nitrogen loss for this ecosystem is unclear. The few existing measurements are short-term observations of growing-season fluxes. We measured soil NO(x) emissions from six sites within the shortgrass steppe at the Central Plains Experimental Range in Colorado from June 1994 through October 1995. The soils at these sites provided a range of texture (from a sandy loam to a clay loam) and soil moisture. Mean NO(x) emissions over the sampling period ranged from 2.6 to 5.7 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1) from the four unfertilized sites. Temperature was the dominant control on seasonal variations in NO(x) fluxes. Seasonal fluxes were highest in the summers (5.4 to 10.5 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1)) and lowest in the winter (0.2 to 1.5 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1)). The winter NO(x) emissions contribute up to 25% to the mean annual flux. Water-filled pore space (WFPS) alone was a poor predictor of NO(x) emissions; however, peak NO(x) emissions were found near the field capacities for these soils (32-35% WFPS for coarse soils and 66% WFPS for fine-textured soils). Water additions produced large (22-51 ng NO-N m(-2)s(-1)) but short-lived (24 hour) pulses of NO(x) emissions that were independent of both the amount of water added and the number of antecedent dry days. Short-term increases in NO(x) flux stimulated by wetting are significant, and increase the summer estimate of NO(x) emissions 8 times estimates calculated from periodic sampling. Nitrogen applied in previous studies, 5 to 12 years earlier, increased the average annual NO(x) emissions approximately 1.5 times. Extrapolating our estimate to similar systems around the world, we estimate that grassland ecosystems, globally, emit 1.0 Tg N yr(-1) as NO(x). A current estimate of NO(x) emissions from grassland soils is 0.6 Tg N yr(-1) [Davidson, 1991]. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Bot, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Martin, RE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM robin.martin@unh.edu; MARY@gecko.biol.wits.ac.az; amosier@lamar.colostate.edu; dennis@nrel.colostate.edu; eholland@acd.ucar.edu RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1029/97GB03501 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZB470 UT WOS:000072475200006 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Effects of environment during growth on the sensitivity of leaf conductance to changes in humidity SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide concentration; humidity; light; stomatal conductance; temperature; vapour pressure difference ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; RESPONSES; MODEL; CO2; C-3 AB Soybeans (Glycine max) and grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) were grown at a range of temperatures, carbon dioxide concentrations and light conditions in controlled environment chambers, and the response of leaf conductance to water vapour to changes in humidity was then measured under a standard set of conditions. The sensitivity of conductance was analysed in terms of (i) the absolute sensitivity of conductance to changes in leaf to air water vapour pressure difference (LAVPD), (ii) the sensitivity of conductance relative to the absolute value of conductance, and (iii) the slope of the relationship between conductance and an index incorporating assimilation rate, carbon dioxide concentration and relative humidity. The sensitivity of conductance varied substantially with growth conditions for all three analyses in both species. The growth temperature of 25 degrees C increased the sensitivity of conductance by all three measures compared with growth at 20 or 30 degrees C in amaranth, with little difference between 25 and 30 degrees C in soybean. Growth at elevated carbon dioxide decreased sensitivity in amaranth by all three measures, and decreased the absolute but not the relative sensitivity in soybean. Growth at reduced photon flux density and growth at high stand density reduced sensitivity in amaranth by all three measures. In soybean, growth at high stand density reduced sensitivity by all three measures, but growth at low photon flux density increased the relative sensitivity. The sensitivity of leaf conductance to changes in humidity varied by a factor of two or more with growth environment by all measures of sensitivity in both the C3 and the C4 species. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00148.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZF050 UT WOS:000072857700003 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Wright, JT AF Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Wright, JT TI Growth factor regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBP) and preadipocyte differentiation in porcine stromal vascular cell cultures SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE TGF-beta; IGF-1; binding proteins; regulation; primary culture; adipocyte; pig ID FACTOR-I; FACTOR-BETA; SERUM; SECRETION; FETAL; PIG; EXPRESSION AB The influence of anti-IGF-1 and anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) neutralizing antibodies on preadipocyte differentiation and secretion of IGFBPs was examined in serum free porcine stromal-vascular cultures. Cultures were stained for morphological analysis and conditioned media were collected for: TGF-beta determination by ELISA, IGF-1 by RIA, and IGFBP analysis by ligand blotting. After 6 d of treatment, anti-TGF-beta increased fat cell proportions by 2.7 fold compared to controls. Anti-IGF-1 decreased fat cell proportions by 14-fold. Anti-TGF-beta increased concentrations of IGF-1 5.8-fold and IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 by 8- and 7-fold in conditioned media whereas IGFBP-4 decreased 5-fold. Anti-IGF-1 increased concentrations of IGFBP-2 and 3 by 9- and 35-fold, respectively. TGF-P increased concentrations of IGFBP-1, 2 and 3 by 3-fold, 18-fold and 3-fold, respectively, after 9 d in culture (6 d of treatment). There was no change in TGF-beta levels in anti-IGF-1 treated cultures compared to controls. Control antibodies and negative controls had no effect. These results provide evidence that endogenously produced IGF-1 and TGF-beta has a major influence on preadipocyte differentiation in serum free media by modulating IGFBP production/secretion. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Georgia SW State Univ, Americus, GA USA. RP Richardson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 USA SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SPR-SUM PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA ZY044 UT WOS:000074581000001 PM 9666352 ER PT J AU Yeakley, JA Swank, WT Swift, LW Hornberger, GM Shugart, HH AF Yeakley, JA Swank, WT Swift, LW Hornberger, GM Shugart, HH TI Soil moisture gradients and controls on a southern Appalachian hillslope from drought through recharge SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; CATCHMENT; MODEL AB Soil moisture gradients along hillslopes in humid watersheds, although indicated by vegetation gradients and by studies using models, have been difficult to confirm empirically. While soil properties and topographic features are the two general physiographic factors controlling soil moisture on hillslopes, studies have shown conflicting results regarding which factor is more important. The relative importance of topographic and soil property controls was examined in an upland forested watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachian mountains. Soil moisture was measured along a hillslope transect with a mesic-to-xeric forest vegetation gradient over a period spanning precipitation extremes. The hillslope transect was instrumented with a time domain reflectometry (TDR) network at two depths. Soil moisture was measured during a severe autumn drought and subsequent winter precipitation recharge. In the upper soil depth (0-30 cm), moisture gradients persisted throughout the measurement period, and topography exerted dominant control. For the entire root zone(0-90 cm), soil moisture gradients were found only during drought. Control on soil moisture was due to both topography and storage before drought. During and after recharge, variations in soil texture and horizon distribution exerted dominant control on soil moisture content in the root zone (0-90 cm). These results indicate that topographic factors assert more control over hillslope soil moisture during drier periods as drainage progresses, while variations in soil water storage properties are more important during wetter periods. Hillslope: soil moisture gradients in southern Appalachian watersheds appear to be restricted to upper soil layers, with deeper hillslope soil moisture gradients occurring only with sufficient drought. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Expt Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Yeakley, JA (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Environm Sci & Resources Program, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RI Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009 NR 47 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 2 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 215EU UT WOS:000081369600005 ER PT J AU Abbott, TP Vaughn, SF Dowd, PF Mojtahedi, H Wilson, RF AF Abbott, TP Vaughn, SF Dowd, PF Mojtahedi, H Wilson, RF TI Potential uses of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE sicklepod; Cassia obtusifolia; gum; nematode; inhibitor; fall armyworm; Allelochemical; Spodoptera frugiperda; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; soil amendment ID MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; SEEDS AB Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) is a leguminous weed species that has become a severe problem in soybean production throughout the Southern United States. Economic incentives, such as premiums for low levels of foreign matter from cleaning soybeans prior to sale, could generate a large source of sicklepod seed in that area. This study was undertaken to evaluate C. obtusifolia seed for potential applications. As much as 41% of the seed was extractable. Some extracts were strong inhibitors of wheat, velvetleaf and sicklepod root growth, causing discoloration of the root meristems in a manner similar to that caused by naphthoquinones such as juglone and plumbagin. Some extracts increased weight gain in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) causing them to grow to 50-100% larger than controls in a 7-day trial. Survival of Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in the soil was inversely correlated to the amount of ground whole sicklepod amendment. No phytotoxic effects of the meal amendment on tomato plants or inhibition of germination for several crop seeds was observed at the levels tested. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Abbott, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 8 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(97)10010-3 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZG085 UT WOS:000072964100008 ER PT J AU Casey, TA Herring, CJ Schneider, RA Bosworth, BT Whipp, SC AF Casey, TA Herring, CJ Schneider, RA Bosworth, BT Whipp, SC TI Expression of heat-stable enterotoxin STb by adherent Escherichia coli is not sufficient to cause severe diarrhea in neonatal pigs SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; TOXIN; PREVALENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; THAILAND; INVIVO; GENES AB The role of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin B (STb) in neonatal porcine diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli was examined by comparing adherent isogenic strains with or without STb. The cloned STb gene (in the plasmid pRAS1) was electroporated into a nonenterotoxigenic strain (226M) which expresses the F41 adhesin. Strain 226M pRAS1 adhered and expressed STb in vivo, causing fluid secretion in ligated ileal loops in neonatal pigs. Although Strain 226M pRAS1 caused very mild diarrhea in some orally inoculated neonatal pigs, the weight loss in these pigs was similar to that caused by the parental strain without STb. We conclude that STb does not significantly contribute to diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in neonatal pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Casey, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1272 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YY565 UT WOS:000072160900056 PM 9488426 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Broza, R Hemphill, M Perera, OP AF Shirk, PD Broza, R Hemphill, M Perera, OP TI alpha-Crystallin protein cognates in eggs of the moth, Plodia interpunctella: possible chaperones for the follicular epithelium yolk protein SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-crystallins; chaperones; small heat shock proteins; lepidoptera; germ cells ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; B-CRYSTALLIN; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; IMMUNOREACTIVE ALPHA; LENS CRYSTALLINS; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; TISSUES AB alpha-Crystallin protein cognates were found in germ cells of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Shirk and Zimowska, 1997). A cDNA clone of 674 bp with a single open reading frame was isolated for a 25000 molecular weight polypeptide member of this family, alpha CP25, and a single transcript of approximately 700 bp was found in the ovary of vitellogenic females. Both the DNA sequence and predicted amino acid sequence showed considerable homology with the embryonic lethal gene, l(2)efl, in Drosophila,melanagaster. In addition to the sequence for l(2)efl, the predicted amino acid sequence for alpha cp25 also showed significant sequence similarity with the alpha-crystallin A chain polypeptides from the lenses of vertebrate eyes. An N-terminal hydrophobic aggregation site and a C-terminal protective binding site common to alpha-crystallin proteins were present in the predicted alpha cp25 and l(2)efl amino acid sequences, while only the C-terminal protective binding site was present in the small heat shock protein sequences from D. melanogaster. On the other hand, the cDNA sequence for alpha cp25 showed more similarity to small heat shock proteins in D. melanogaster. This evidence suggests that although the alpha-crystallin protein cognates in P. interpunctella evolved from a gene common with small heat shock protein genes, the amino acid sequence has converged on a structure similar to that of alpha-crystallin proteins. Native immunoblot analysis showed that the alpha-crystallin proteins formed high molecular weight complexes with the follicular epithelium yolk protein (FEYP) but not vitellin in yolk. An electroblot binding assay was used to show that the germcell alpha-crystallins of P. interpunctella bind specifically with the FEYP and that the binding was reversible in the presence of ATP or low pH. This evidence in conjunction with the evidence that the alpha-crystallins and FEYP form a stable complex that co-purifies from native egg proteins suggests that the alpha-crystallin cognates function as chaperones for the follicular epithelium yolk proteins in the embryos of P. interpunctella. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00111-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA ZW530 UT WOS:000074420200004 PM 9654738 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Thayer, DW Speer, CA Shen, SK AF Dubey, JP Thayer, DW Speer, CA Shen, SK TI Effect of gamma irradiation on unsporulated and sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; coccidia; irradiation; sporulated oocysts; unsporulated oocysts ID TISSUE CYSTS; INFECTIVITY; PORK AB The effect of Cs-137 irradiation on unsporulated and sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts was investigated as a model system for sterilisation of fruit contaminated with other coccidia such as Cyclospora or Cryptosporidium. Unsporulated oocysts irradiated at greater than or equal to 0.4 to 0.8kGy sporulated but were not infective to mice. Sporulated oocysts irradiated at greater than or equal to 0.4kGy were able to excyst, and sporozoites were infective but not capable of inducing a viable infection in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was detected in histologic sections of mice up to 5 days but not at 7 days after feeding oocysts irradiated at 0.5kGy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that sporozoites from irradiated oocysts penetrated enterocytes and all cells in the lamina propria except for red blood cells. Sporozoites appeared normal ultrastructurally and formed a typical parasitophorous vacuole containing a well-developed tubulovesicular membrane network. Raspberries inoculated with sporulated T. gondii oocysts were rendered innocuous after irradiation at 0.4kGy. Results indicate that irradiation at 0.5kGy is effective in "killing" coccidian oocysts on fruits and vegetables. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA,Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, NAA, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA,Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC E Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@ggpl.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)83432-7 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZD450 UT WOS:000072687200001 PM 9559356 ER PT J AU Hemphill, A Gajendran, N Sonda, S Fuchs, N Gottstein, B Hentrich, B AF Hemphill, A Gajendran, N Sonda, S Fuchs, N Gottstein, B Hentrich, B TI Identification and characterisation of a dense granule-associated protein in Neospora caninum tachyzoites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Apicomplexa; Neospora caninum; neosporosis; dense granules; invasion; parasitophorous vacuole membrane; immunogold-EM ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SURFACE PROTEIN; INVASION; DIAGNOSIS; CELLS; DNA; DOGS; GENE AB Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite which is morphologically and ultrastructurally very similar to Toxoplasma gondii. In order to identify molecules involved in host cell entry and subsequent modification of the parasitophorous vacuole, a polyclonal antiserum directed against N. caninum tachyzoites was raised in a rabbit. Subcellular fractionation of tachyzoites was performed using the non-ionic detergent Triton-X-114. Membrane fractions were analysed by immunoblotting using the polyclonal antiserum. One of the immunoreactive protein bands had a mol. wt of 33 000 and was subsequently named Nc-p33. Affinity-purified anti-Nc-p33 antibodies were used to characterise this polypeptide using SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, Western blot analysis and immuno-EM. Nc-p33 was found in two isolates of N. caninum (NC-1 and Liverpool), but could not be detected in T. gondii tachyzoites. Immunogold EM revealed that Nc-p33 constituted a dense granule-associated protein, and Western blotting demonstrated that Nc-p33 was most likely identical to the recently described antigen NCDG1. Shortly after invasion. this dense granule protein was targeted to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, and, at later timepoints after infection, was also found on the parasitophorous vacuolar network. This suggested that Nc-p33 could play a functional role in the modification of the parasitophorous vacuole and its membrane. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Parasitol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Inst Gen Microbiol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Dis Resistance Lab, LPSI, USDA,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hemphill, A (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Parasitol, Langgassstr 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM hemphill@ipa.unibe.ch NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00193-8 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZD450 UT WOS:000072687200006 PM 9559361 ER PT J AU Barta, JR Coles, BA Schito, ML Fernando, MA Martin, A Danforth, HD AF Barta, JR Coles, BA Schito, ML Fernando, MA Martin, A Danforth, HD TI Analysis of infraspecific variation among five strains of Eimeria maxima from North America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE coccidiosis; poultry; immunological variation; genetic characterisation; ribosomal genes; sequencing; RAPD-PCR; SDS-PAGE ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ANTICOCCIDIAL DRUGS; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; POLYMORPHIC DNA; DOMESTIC-FOWL; COCCIDIOSIS; TENELLA; RESISTANCE AB Two laboratory strains from the eastern shore of Maryland 15 years ago and from an Ontario broiler house 23 years ago and three recent field strains of Eimeria maxima (isolated in Maryland, North Carolina and Florida) were examined for phenotypic and genotypic variation using protein profiles, random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR analysis and DNA sequences obtained from the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA genes. Staining profiles obtained by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE of sporozoite proteins were identical in all five strains. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR analysis with high %G-C content decamers as primers, we were able to confirm that the five strains are all E. maxima, but were unable to discern any relationships among them because of the limited number of shared polymorphisms identified. In contrast, cloning and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer-1, 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer-2 regions of the rRNA genes provided sufficient sequence information to infer phylogenetic relationships among the strains. Almost all of the infraspecific variation was located in the internal transcribed spacer regions. Only two base changes were identified within the 5.8S rRNA gene. Evolutionary relationships among the strains inferred using parsimony analysis of the aligned internal transcribed spacer sequences were well supported, but the hypothesised relationships did not correlate well with the demonstrated immunological cross-reactivities of these strains. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Embrex Corp, RTP, NC 27709 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barta, JR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00211-7 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZD450 UT WOS:000072687200011 PM 9559366 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Romand, S Hilali, M Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Romand, S Hilali, M Kwok, OCH Thulliez, P TI Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Egypt SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma Gondii; antibodies; direct agglutination test; Egypt; water buffaloes; Bubalus bubalis ID SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; INFECTION; TESTS AB Sera from 75 water buffaloes from Egypt were examined using a direct agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol for antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 51 (68%) of 75 buffaloes in titres of 1:20 (six buffaloes), 1:40 (15 buffaloes), 1:160 (one buffalo), 1:320 (one buffalo) and greater than or equal to 1:640 (28 buffaloes), using N. caninum formalin-preserved whole tachyzoites as antigen. Antibodies to T. gondii were not found in a 1:100 dilution of serum of any of the 75 buffaloes, using T. gondii as antigen, indicating specificity in the detection of antibodies to N. caninum. This is the first report of N. caninum prevalence in water buffaloes, which are economically very important domestic animals in developing countries. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Giza, Egypt. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab,BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Hilali, Mosaad/O-9443-2016; OI A. Hilali, Mosaad/0000-0002-9930-8501 NR 9 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 527 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00190-2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ZD450 UT WOS:000072687200016 PM 9559371 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M Fernandez-Cornejo, J AF Ollinger, M Fernandez-Cornejo, J TI Sunk costs and regulation in the US pesticide industry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE sunk costs; pesticide regulation; market structure ID MARKET-STRUCTURE; HORIZONTAL MERGERS; FIRM SIZE; INNOVATION; DETERMINANTS; POLICY AB This paper examines the impact of sunk costs and market demand on the number of innovative companies, the U.S. market share of foreign-based firms, and merger choice in the U.S. Pesticide Industry. Results are consistent with Sutton's (1991) view of sunk costs and market structure in that rising endogenous sunk research costs and exogenous sunk pesticide product regulation costs and declining demand negatively affect the number of firms in the industry, have a stronger negative impact on the number of smaller firms, and encourage foreign-based Firm expansion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7187 J9 INT J IND ORGAN JI Int. J. Ind. Organ. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 139 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0167-7187(96)01049-1 PG 30 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA ZH479 UT WOS:000073115200001 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Windham, WR Barton, FE AF Kays, SE Windham, WR Barton, FE TI Prediction of total dietary fiber by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in high-fat- and high-sugar-containing cereal products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; near-infrared; chemometrics; cereal ID FOODS; SPECTRA; BRAN AB The near-infrared (NIR) spectral properties of cereal products containing high fat or high sugar can differ substantially from the spectral properties of other cereal products. An existing NIR model, using preprocessed reflectance spectra and partial least-squares analysis, for the prediction of total dietary fiber in cereal products was expanded to two new models called (1) the "fat-expanded" model and (2) the "fat- and sugar-expanded" model. The fat-expanded model enlarges the existing model with high-fat-content products as calibration samples, and the "fat- and sugar-expanded" model also includes products with high sugar and high crystalline sugar content. The dry milled cereal and grain products were analyzed in the laboratory according to AOAC method 991.43 for the determination of total dietary fiber, and NIR reflectance spectra were collected with a scanning monochromator. Data analysis and selection of representative high-fat and high-sugar samples were performed with a commercial analysis program. The two expanded models had standard errors of cross-validation and R-2 similar to those of the existing model, with acceptable standard error of performance and r(2) when tested with independent validation samples. The existing model was, thus, expanded to include high-fat, high-sugar, and high crystalline sugar cereal products while maintaining prediction accuracy. C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.1021/jf9706484 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC845 UT WOS:000072624200010 ER PT J AU Gan, JY Papiernik, S Yates, SR AF Gan, JY Papiernik, S Yates, SR TI Static headspace and gas chromatographic analysis of fumigant residues in soil and water SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE headspace analysis; static headspace analysis; fumigants; 1,3-dichloropropene; methyl isothiocyanate ID CHARCOAL SAMPLING TUBES; METHYL-BROMIDE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; AIR; ISOTHIOCYANATE; OPTIMIZATION; SUBSTANCES; ORGANICS; GC AB Soil fumigants are characterized by high vapor pressures and low boiling points, which determine that the commonly used solvent extraction-based methods are not suitable for sample preparation. The paper reports static headspace gas chromatography (GC) methods for the analysis of the fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in soil and water, Method optimization was achieved by modifying the sample matrix with concentrated salt solution and adjusting sample equilibration temperature and time on the headspace autosampler. The headspace GC methods' showed similar to 1. order of magnitude greater GC response than a cold solvent extraction method under the same GC conditions and also gave cleaner chromatograms and more stable baselines. When applied to soil samples taken from a fumigated field, the headspacee GC method showed reproducibility similar to that of a solvent extraction method but had an improved detectability fur deep-layer samples that contained low levels of 1,3-D. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM jgan@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 986 EP 990 DI 10.1021/jf970735w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC845 UT WOS:000072624200032 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE AF Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE TI Near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stems SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform; Raman; flax; carbohydrates; phenolics; wax; fiber; bast; core; cuticle; epidermis ID STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; CELL-WALLS; FIBER; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTRA; MICROPROBE; WOOD; NMR AB Samples of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem and its anatomical parts were studied by near-infrared Fourier transform Raman (NIR-FT-Raman) spectroscopy to determine if the major chemical components of each could be detected by this method. The Raman spectra of reference compounds from relatively pure materials served as models for the chemical components. Bands for cellulose were greatest in the fibers. Hemicellulosic polysaccharides were observed to be prevalent in bast tissue and fibers. Weak signals for pectins were observed in the best, cuticle/epidermis, fibers, and stem. Bands for aromatic rings were detectable in all materials. Bands from waxes/fatty acid esters were detectable in the cuticle/epidermal tissue. The results indicated that NIR-FT-Raman could be used detect the major chemical components in flax in situ and provide a simple, rapid, and noninvasive assessment of their relative amounts and location within the tissues of the flax plant. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Himmelsbach, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM dshimmel@athens.net NR 35 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1021/jf970656k PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC845 UT WOS:000072624200033 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Dutko, TJ Buckley, SA Muldoon, MT Holtzapple, CK Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Dutko, TJ Buckley, SA Muldoon, MT Holtzapple, CK Stanker, LH TI Detection of halofuginone residues in chicken liver tissue by HPLC and a monoclonal-based immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE broilers; chicken liver tissue; coccidiostat; ELISA; halofuginone; HPLC; immunoassay AB The quinazolinone halofuginone (Hal) is a feed additive used worldwide to prevent coccidiosis in commercial poultry production. The current regulatory method for determining the action level of Hal residues in poultry involves measuring parent Hal in liver tissue by HPLC. That procedure is not amenable to high sample throughput due to a complex and tedious sample preparation scheme. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) that can be used as a screening tool for determining Hal in chicken liver tissue is described. The cELISA method was evaluated using standard curves made in both assay buffer and chicken liver extract. The results demonstrated that standard curves made in assay buffer could be used for the cELISA. HPLC vs cELISA results were obtained during two studies; the first study used spiked chicken liver tissue, and the second study used both spiked chicken liver tissue and incurred levels of Hal in chicken liver tissue. There was good agreement in the results obtained by HPLC and cELISA. However, in most cases the recovery was higher using the cELISA method than with the HPLC method. In addition, the cELISA method does not require the use of organic solvents. These data clearly demonstrate that the cELISA method could be used as a screening method for the analysis of Hal in chicken liver tissue. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1054 DI 10.1021/jf970817k PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC845 UT WOS:000072624200043 ER PT J AU Zeringue, HJ Shih, BY AF Zeringue, HJ Shih, BY TI Extraction and separation of the bright-greenish-yellow fluorescent material from aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. infected cotton lint by HPLC-UV/FL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; Gossypium hirsutum L; bright-greenish-yellow fluorescence (BGY-F); Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin; HPLC-UV/F ID PEROXIDASE AB To isolate the bright-greenish-yellow-fluorescence (BGY-F) material associated with aflatoxin contamination on cotton lint, various in vitro chemical and in vivo natural BGY-F reaction products were prepared. BGY-F material was obtained from reactions involving (1) kojic acid (KA) and H(2)O(2), (b) KA, peroxidase, and H(2)O(2), (c) fresh cotton locules treated with KA and H(2)O(2), (d) detached cotton locules inoculated with an aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus spore suspension, and (e) live developing cotton bells inoculated with aflatoxigenic A. flavus. BGY-F preparations separated on TLC resulted in the same R(f) value (0.52), indicating the possibility of the same compound. Under HPLC conditions, at a 380 nm wavelength setting, BGY-F retention times ranged 5.74-6.09 min; under fluorescent detection at 435 nm (excitation) and 494 nm (emission), retention times ranged from 5.75 to 6.09 min. Apparently, in all methods used to form the BGY-F compound, both in vivo and in vitro, only one compound with specific chromatographic characteristics was produced, and the product is likely an oxidized form of KA. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Zeringue, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM zeringue@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1075 DI 10.1021/jf9707391 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZC845 UT WOS:000072624200047 ER PT J AU Sprinkle, JE Ferrell, CL Holloway, JW Warrington, BG Greene, LW Wu, G Stuth, JW AF Sprinkle, JE Ferrell, CL Holloway, JW Warrington, BG Greene, LW Wu, G Stuth, JW TI Adipose tissue partitioning of limit-fed beef cattle and beef cattle with ad libitum access to feed differing in adaptation to heat SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein lipase; beef cattle; breeds; heat; adipose tissue ID COWS AB We compared fat distribution and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in steers differing in adaptability to the subtropics. Steers were fed a grain diet (3.13 Mcal ME/kg DM) at limited (150 kcal ME.kg(-.75).d(-1);.23 kg ADG) or ad libitum levels for 140 d, then slaughtered. Sixteen British- (8 Angus, 8 Hereford; S), 16 Boran- (R), 16 Brahman- (B), and 16 Tuli- (T) cross steers from MARC III composite cows were used. Adipose tissue samples from perirenal, omental, and subcutaneous depots were analyzed for LPL activity. Carcass measurements including omental, external, and seam fat trim from 1/2 of the carcass were measured. Subcutaneous fat had greater (P < .05) LPL activity than fat from the other depots. Generally, there were no differences (P > .05) in fat distribution for steers fed at limited levels. Means for ADG, slaughter weights, carcass weights, yield grades, and carcass lipid weights for S and B fed for ad libitum intake were greater (P < .05) than those for T and R. Marbling was greatest (P < .05) for S and did not differ (P > .05) for the other breeds with ad libitum intake. Factor analysis of fat depots for animals with ad libitum intake indicated that Bos taurus cattle differing in adaptation to heat deposited fat differently; S deposited greater (P < .05) proportions of carcass fat and T deposited greater (P < .05) proportions of internal fat. It seems that accumulation of internal fat is detrimental for ADC for Bos taurus cattle. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sprinkle, JE (reprint author), Gila Cty Cooperat Extens, POB 2297, Payson, AZ 85547 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 665 EP 673 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD408 UT WOS:000072682200001 PM 9535321 ER PT J AU Cole, NA AF Cole, NA TI Influence of predeprivation diet nutrient density and sodium chloride content on nutrient losses and repletion in lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deprivation; electrolytes; sodium; salt; potassium; lambs ID WATER-DEPRIVATION; BEEF STEERS; FEEDER STEERS; WEIGHT LOST; TRANSIT; SUPPLEMENTATION; POTASSIUM; CALVES AB Six crossbred lambs (32 +/- 2 kg) in a 6 x 6 Latin square design were used to determine the effects of predeprivation diet nutrient density and NaCl content on nutrient losses during periods of feed and mater deprivation and nutrient repletion. Treatments consisted of two predeprivation dietary nutrient densities (low [LOW] and moderate [MOD]) and three NaCl intakes (0, 2, or 4 g/d) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. During the 4-d predeprivation phase, lambs fed the MOD diet had greater (P < .05) K retention and lower (P < .01) Na retention than lambs fed the LOW diet. Retention of Na increased linearly (P < .01), whereas retention of K decreased linearly (P < .01) with increasing NaCl intakes. During the 3-d deprivation phase, lambs fed the MOD diet had lower (P < .01) Na losses than lambs fed the LOW diet. Losses of Na increased linearly (P < .01), whereas losses of K decreased linearly (P < .05) with increasing NaCl intakes. During the predeprivation and deprivation phases, cumulative losses of K were greater (P < .05) and cumulative losses of Na were lower (P < .05) in lambs fed the LOW diet than in lambs fed the MOD diet. Cumulative losses of K increased linearly (P < .05) as predeprivation NaCl intake increased. Predeprivation NaCl intakes did not affect (P > .10) total retention of water, Na, or K for the overall 4-d sampling period. Predeprivation salt intakes affected Na and K losses during a simulated marketing-transport period. However, after 7 d on the realimentation diet, predeprivation diet nutrient density and NaCl intake did not affect the balance of these nutrients. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 674 EP 680 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD408 UT WOS:000072682200002 PM 9535322 ER PT J AU Wang, ZS Goetsch, AL AF Wang, ZS Goetsch, AL TI Intake and digestion by Holstein steers consuming diets based on litter harvested after different numbers of broiler growing periods or with molasses addition before deep-stacking SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; poultry manure; feed intake; digestibility ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; PARTICULATE MARKERS; PARTICLE-SIZE AB We determined the effects on feed intake and digestibility by Holstein steers of af the number of broiler growing periods before litter harvest and dietary level of broiler litter and 2) level of molasses added to broiler litter before deep-stacking. In Exp. 1, eight steers (179 +/- 7.4 kg average BW) were used in two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares(2 x 4 factorial) with 21-d periods, Broiler litter harvested after one, three, or six 6-wk growing periods (1P, 3P, and 6P, respectively) mixed with .5 or 1.5% BW of ground corn (.5C and 1.5C, respectively) was consumed ad libitum. Bermudagrass hay was fed to 1P, 3P, and 6P steers at .5% BW and was ingested ad libitum by Control steers, along with feeding of .5 or 1.5% BW of corn (DM basis). Broiler litter was 63, 43, and 35% NDF, 2.2, 3.5, and 4.1% N, and 18, 30, and 27% ash for 1P, 3P, and 6P, respectively. Total tract digestibility of NDF was 53.7, 29.4, 50.4, 58.1, 31.3, 30.8, 34.1, and 49.5% (SE 3.50), and digestible OM intake was 2.21, 1.70, 2.27, 2.39, 2.26, 3.18, 2.93, and 3.34 kg/d (SE .160) for .5C-Control, .5C-1P, .5C-3P, .5C-6P, 1.5C-Control, 1.5C-1P, 1.5C-3P, and 1.5C-6P, respectively. In Exp. 2, five steers (228 +/- 6.0 kg average BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square with 21-d periods. Offered diets were 15% bermudagrass hay and 60% broiler litter (6P of Exp. 1; DM). Molasses was offered at 0, 3.2, or 6.7% of total DM, with the balance of the diet composed of corn. Molasses for two treatments was mixed with. litter at meals, whereas for two other treatments molasses and litter were mixed before deep-stacking. Only a few minor treatment effects on intakes and digestibilities occurred. In conclusion, digestible OM intake by growing steers was less for litter harvested after one broiler growing period than after three or six when fed with only .5% BW of corn, although the effect of the number of periods was negligible with corn given at 1.5% BW. Molasses addition before deep-stacking or at meals did not enhance feeding value of litter harvested after six broiler growing periods. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 880 EP 887 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD408 UT WOS:000072682200031 PM 9535351 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA AF Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA TI Efficiency of energy and nitrogen loss and gain in mature cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cows; restricted feeding; energy; nitrogen; maintenance ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; NONLACTATING COWS; SHEEP; BODY; STEERS AB Our objective was to quantify the energy and nitrogen balances of mature cows fed a fixed amount of forage. Six cows were assigned to each of two treatments. At time 0, control cows received 83.55 +/- .52 g of chopped brome hay.(BWkg)(-.75).d(-1). Feed intake remained fixed (9,103 +/- 217 g/d) over the entire 224 d of the study. At time 0 treated cows received 82.10 +/- 1.26 g of chopped brome hay.(BWkg)(-.75).d(-1) (9,083 +/- 113 g/d). After time 0, treated cows were offered 65% of the time-0 feed intake for the first 112 d (Phase 1) and 135% of the time-0 feed intake for the last 112 d (Phase 2), Treatments were designed so that the total amount of feed received during the 224 d was the same for each treatment. Additional balance measurements were made on d 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 189, and 224. Although treatment groups differed within phases for cumulative heat production, control cows did not differ from treated cows in total heat produced during the 224-d study (P = .60). Net retained energy over the entire 224-d period did not differ between treatments (P = .43). Treated animals retained more nitrogen than did control animals (P = .008). The increased efficiency of nutrient utilization during refeeding in cows allowed to fluctuate in weight offers the potential to develop feeding strategies that improve grazed forage utilization and reduce supplemental feed. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3 BP 896 EP 905 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD408 UT WOS:000072682200033 PM 9535353 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Griffin, DL Volz, SA Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Griffin, DL Volz, SA Johnston, JJ TI Reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of chlorophacinone and diphacinone in steam-rolled oat baits and steam-rolled oat/wax baits SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL-TISSUES; RODENTICIDES; SEPARATION; RESIDUES; SERUM AB A reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for analysis of steam-rolled oat (SRO) baits fortified with either chlorophacinone or diphacinone. Baits were prepared with and without paraffin wax. Chlorophacinone or diphacinone was extracted from wax-free SRO baits with 5 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate methanolic ion-pairing solution. Wax baits were initially extracted with petroleum ether and then cleaned up by liquid extraction into methanolic ion-pairing solution containing 20% water. SRO extracts were analyzed with reversed-phase ion-pair LC. Chlorophacinone and diphacinone were quantified by UV absorption at 325 nm. Recoveries from SRO fortified with chlorophacinone at 25 and 150 mu g/g were 90.7 and 90.8%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.5 and 92.3%, respectively. Recoveries from wax baits fortified at 25 and 75 mu g/g chlorophacinone were 98.5 and 100%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.6 and 98.0%, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in SRO baits were estimated to be 1.0 and 0.76 mu g/g, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in wax baits were estimated to be 4.2 and 2.8 mu g/g, respectively. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, 3350 Eastbrook Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 349 EP 357 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZE544 UT WOS:000072804100005 PM 9549068 ER PT J AU Reamer, RH Dey, BP White, CA Mageau, RP AF Reamer, RH Dey, BP White, CA Mageau, RP TI Comparison of monolayer and bilayer plates used in antibiotic assay SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Standard curves of 5 antibiotics were determined in an antibiotic assay using bilayer and monolayer agar plates and AOAC-specified test organisms and agar media. Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341a and antibiotic medium No. 2 were used to prepare the penicillin G standard curve. The same organism and antibiotic medium No. 11 were used to prepare the erythromycin standard curve. Standard curves for streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were prepared, respectively, with antibiotic medium No. 5 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, antibiotic medium No. 8 and B. cereus ATCC 11778, and antibiotic medium No. 11 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Assays of inhibition by meat fortified with penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin also were performed on monolayer and bilayer plates. Differences in standard curves and inhibitory responses obtained with monolayer and bilayer plates were <10%. Thus, monolayer plates are acceptable for use in analyses of meat and poultry for antibiotics residues, with savings in laboratory resources and time. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPHS, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mageau, RP (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPHS, Div Microbiol, 3714 Franklin Court Suites,1400 Independence Ave,S, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZE544 UT WOS:000072804100012 PM 9549074 ER PT J AU Reising, KP AF Reising, KP TI Ivermectin quantitation with an abamectin internal standard SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The potent antiparasitic ivermectin is detected at low concentrations (ng/g) in liver and muscle tissue by liquid chromatography after conversion to a fluorescent derivative with 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride. This acetylation reaction can be compromised by residual water that leads to decreased yields. Yields of derivatives of ivermectin and abamectin, a related avermectin, are identical under all circumstances tested. Use of abamectin as an internal standard eliminates derivative yield as a source of analytical variation. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Eastern Lab, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Reising, KP (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Eastern Lab, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZE544 UT WOS:000072804100021 PM 9549082 ER PT J AU Reising, KP Di Benedetto, NM AF Reising, KP Di Benedetto, NM TI Solid-phase extraction cleanup for ivermectin in liver tissue SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION AB Extraction of liver tissue with organic solvent produces coextractants with compounds of interest. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup of liver tissue developed for ivermectin removes nonpolar coextractants. Liver extract that has been reduced to dryness is reconstituted in 0.5 mL acetonitrile. The mixture is passed through 0.1 g C-18 SPE column, and the eluate is collected. The column is eluted further with 2 mL acetonitrile. Combined eluates are derivatized with 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride, and the ivermectin derivative is determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Eastern Lab, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Xenobiot SRL, RA-1419 Capital Federal, Argentina. RP Reising, KP (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Eastern Lab, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 484 EP 487 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA ZE544 UT WOS:000072804100022 PM 9549083 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL AF Goetsch, AL TI Heat production by grazing ewes with low forage mass and supplemental grain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE energy metabolism; heat production; grazing; supplementation ID ENERGY-UTILIZATION; SHEEP; METABOLISM; EFFICIENCY; NUTRITION; RUMINANTS; CATTLE; COST AB Three nature Dorset ewes, with catheters in portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins and a mesenteric artery, were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square (two 28-day periods and one 35-day) to determine effects of level of supplemental corn (0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight; dry matter) on intake, digestion, grazing behavior and heat production by the whole body and splanchnic and extra-splanchnic tissues with grazing of paddocks low in forage mass. Live and dead forage availability ranged from 1 to 4 kg and 17 to 40 kg dry matter per 0.036-ha paddock, respectively; initial period ewe conditions were 72-12.5 kg shrunk body weight, 47+/-0.4% fat and 11+/-0.1% protein; and in periods, 1, 2 and 3 hand-plucked forage samples were 17, 20 and 29% crude protein and 62, 56 and 58% neutral detergent fiber, respectively Metabolizable energy intake (1.39, 2.32 and 3.16 Mcal/day; SE 0.11) and energy accretion (-1.09, 0.02 and 0.39 Mcal/day; SE 0.224) increased linearly with increasing corn level (P<0.01 and = 0.04, respectively) and grazing time decreased [(P = 0.06) 76, 63 and 48% of daylight for 0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight of corn, respectively; SE 4.9]. However, corn level did not affect (P>0.10) whole body heat (2.48, 2.30 and 2.77 Mcal/day; SE 0.171), heat increment (0.91, 0.80 and 1.24 Mcal/day; SE 0.172), splanchnic bed heat (1.09, 1.12 and 1.05 Mcal/day; SE 0.091) or extra-splanchnic tissue heat (1.39, 1.18 and 1.72 Mcal/day for 0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight of corn, respectively; SE 0.241). In conclusion, with increasing intakes of con, total dry matter and metabolizable energy by ewes, increased heat produced in dietary energy metabolism for tissue maintenance or maintenance plus energy accretion may only have compensated for decreased grazing-related or -specific heat production by both splanchnic and extra-splanchnic tissues, resulting in decreased tissue mobilization or increased energy accretion. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PI IZATNAGAR PA 151, JANAKPURI, IZATNAGAR 243 122, INDIA SN 0971-2119 J9 J APPL ANIM RES JI J. Appl. Anim. Res. PD MAR-JUN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 79 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZG321 UT WOS:000072989800005 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Kulhavy, DL Yan, SC AF Sun, JH Kulhavy, DL Yan, SC TI Prediction models of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lep., Tortricidae) infestation using soil and tree factors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Prediction models for estimating infestations by Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) in young loblolly pine plantations in East Texas were developed using multivariate regression analysis based on selected soil and tree factors. Results of regression models show that foliage nutrients, tree water potential and tree height play important roles in NPTM infestation. Overall, these factors predict whole tree infestation better than top two whorls infestation. The importance and correlation of the factors differed for the prediction model of top two whorl and whole tree infestations. C1 NE Forestry Univ, Dept Forestry, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Forest@uga.cc.uga.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 122 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZD723 UT WOS:000072717000001 ER PT J AU Lyon, CE Lyon, BG Dickens, JA AF Lyon, CE Lyon, BG Dickens, JA TI Effects of carcass stimulation, deboning time, and marination on color and texture of broiler breast meat SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE color; deboning time; electric stimulation; marination; texture; yield ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; PECTORALIS-MUSCLE; TURKEY MEAT; TENDERNESS; TENDERIZATION; POSTMORTEM; FILLETS AB Toughness of cooked broiler breast meat continues to be a problem for processors, and post-chill deboning time is the most significant factor in the ultimate texture of intact breast meat. However, this 6- to 12-hr aging time is costly in refrigerated space, equipment, and labor. Two treatments - electric stimulation of carcasses during bleeding and marination of muscles in salt/phosphate solutions - are known to alter the biochemistry of the muscle and the texture of cooked breast meat. Combinations of these treatments were evaluated under commercial conditions to determine their effects on meat color and texture. Both electrical stimulation and marination resulted in lower shear values (more tender meat) compared to nonstimulated and unmarinated controls. The lowest shear values were noted for the combination of stimulation followed by marination. Using this combination of treatments resulted in tender cooked breast meat without any additional aging beyond 1 hr chilling. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PP & MQRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Lyon, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, PP & MQRU, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZH922 UT WOS:000073161300006 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH AF Byrd, JA Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH TI Horizontal transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chicks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; chick; hatchery; Salmonella; transmission ID CECAL BACTERIA; COLONIZATION; HATCHERIES; CONTAMINATION; POULTRY; CULTURE AB Broiler breeder flocks and hatcheries have been identified as reservoirs of salmonellae and potential sources of Salmonella infection for highly susceptible day-old chicks. Once salmonellae have colonized the gastrointestinal tract of the chick, the bacteria replicate and are shed into the environment to contaminate it and to colonize other chicks. Salmonella will continue to cycle throughout the broiler flock via bird to bird contact, and any facilities that have housed the flock will become a potential reservoir for future flocks. The present studies were conducted to evaluate horizontal transmission of Salmonella typhimurium from challenged chicks (seeders) to non-challenged broiler chicks (contacts). Data from the present study suggest that the spread of Salmonella from seeder chicks to contact chicks is dependent on the Salmonella challenge dose and not the number of chicks originally exposed. Horizontal transmission of Salmonella to unchallenged contact chicks from seeders initially challenged with 100 Salmonella or more will limit the effectiveness of any post-hatchery Salmonella control program after they leave the hatchery. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZH922 UT WOS:000073161300009 ER PT J AU Bader, JA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Connolly, MA Barbaree, JM AF Bader, JA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Connolly, MA Barbaree, JM TI Genomic subtyping of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from diseased channel catfish by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA AB Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) combined with an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR primer (ERIC II) was used to genomically subtype 20 isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Nineteen isolates were derived from channel catfish Ictalurus, us punctatus (18 from the southeastern United States and an American Type Culture Collection reference strain), and 1 isolate was derived from a walking catfish Clarias batrachus from Thailand. From these isolates, four major subgroupings of E. ictaluri were observed. These subgroups were distributed with the following prevalences: subgroup 1, 55%; subgroup 4, 20%; subgroup 2, 15%; and subgroup 3. 10%. Biochemical analysis showed homogeneity among isolates and was not useful for discriminating between isolates. C1 USDA, ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bader, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0022:GSOEII>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA ZK594 UT WOS:000073340800003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Klesius, PH AF Jenkins, JA Klesius, PH TI Elicitation of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LEUKOCYTES; SEPARATION; GRADIENT AB Four chemicals were evaluated for elicitation of macrophages in peritoneal cavities of 250-300g healthy channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Cellular exudates were collected at 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 20 d following intraperitoneal injections with squalene, Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), goat serum, thioglycollate, or as a control, phosphate-buffered saline. Injection with either squalene or FIA induced significantly greater (P less than or equal to 0.0001) macrophage recruitment than the other chemicals. The effectiveness of squalene and FIA was compared further by macrophage collection daily for 7 d. Squalene and FIA elicited similarly high macrophage responses (P less than or equal to 0.0450), the highest being 3.43 x 10(6) macrophages/mL (SE, 2.4 x 10(6)) at 99% purity at day 2 and 2.1 x 10(6) macrophages/mL (SE, 0.7 x 10(6)) at day 14 at 80% purity, respectively. In both experiments, the time after injection was not statistically significant, nor was there an interaction between time and chemicals. The occurrence of cells other than macrophages decreased with time to yield macrophage recoveries of 47-99% for squalene and 30-80% for FIA. Two subsets of macrophages were observed by means of flow cytometry. As demonstrated by chemiluminescence, the squalene-elicited cells produced high-energy oxygen compounds important to the phagocytic process. C1 US Dept Interior, Natl Biol Serv, SE Fish Cultural Lab, Route 3,Box 86, Marion, AL 36756 USA. USDA, ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0069:EOMFTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA ZK594 UT WOS:000073340800009 ER PT J AU Gallagher, JC Kinyamu, HK Fowler, SE Dawson-Hughes, B Dalsky, GP Sherman, SS AF Gallagher, JC Kinyamu, HK Fowler, SE Dawson-Hughes, B Dalsky, GP Sherman, SS TI Calciotropic hormones and bone markers in the elderly SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res ID IMMUNOREACTIVE PARATHYROID-HORMONE; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; VITAMIN-D STATUS; SERUM 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; OSTEOPOROTIC WOMEN; PROTEIN; MENOPAUSE; TURNOVER; DENSITY AB There is a lack of substantial data on changes in calciotropic hormones and bone markers in elderly subjects living in North America, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and bone markers (serum osteocalcin and urine N-telopeptide), were measured in 735 Caucasian subjects (235 men and 500 women) aged 65-87 years, There was a significant increase in serum osteocalcin and urine N-telopeptide with age in men, and a significant increase in serum osteocalcin with age in women, Serum PTH and 25(OH)D showed no significant change with age in men or women, After adjusting for age, calcium intake, serum creatinine, season, and weight, mean serum PTH (p = 0.01), serum osteocalcin (p = 0.0001) and 24 h urine N-telopeptide (p = 0.0001) were higher in women than men, and mean serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.0001) and 24 h urine calcium (p = 0.0001) were higher in men than women, Serum PTH was correlated with serum osteocalcin in men and women, r = 0.24, r = 0.17, p < 0.001, but not with urine N-telopeptide. Serum PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = -0.25, r = -0.34, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.14, r = 0.17, p < 0.01) in men and women. The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels below 12 ng/ml was only 3.3% in females and 0.4% in men, Thus vitamin D deficiency was very uncommon in the U.S.A. compared with Europe, Although mean serum PTH was increased in the elderly, only 4-6% had PTH levels above the normal range, In summary, the increase in serum PTH in the elderly can be explained more by changes in vitamin D status than by declining renal function, These data also show significantly higher (p = 0.001) bone remodeling markers in women. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Bone Metab Unit, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gallagher, JC (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Bone Metab Unit, 601 N 30th St, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 10353, AG 10382, UO1-AG10373] NR 46 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.475 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YZ967 UT WOS:000072313100016 PM 9525348 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Abrams, SA Liang, LK Ellis, KJ Gagel, RF AF O'Brien, KO Abrams, SA Liang, LK Ellis, KJ Gagel, RF TI Bone turnover response to changes in calcium intake is altered in girls and adult women in families with histories of osteoporosis SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; MASS; ABSORPTION; CHILDREN; KINETICS; DAUGHTERS; EXCRETION; FEMALES; BALANCE; ISOTOPE AB Heredity and environmental factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis, Because calcium is the major mineral in bone and adolescence is a key period in bone acquisition, we hypothesized that bone turnover would be less responsive to alterations in dietary calcium intake in both girls and adult women from families with histories of osteoporosis, To address this issue, we studied calcium kinetics in the maternal grandmother (age range 56-81 years), mother (age range 32-47 years), and granddaughter (age range 8-15 years) in 10 multigenerational families, In five families,the mother and/or grandmother had osteoporosis (bone mineral density greater than or equal to 2 SD below the age-specific mean), To examine both active and passive calcium absorption, families consumed low-(279 +/- 64 mg/day) and high-(1580 +/- 385) calcium diets for 10 days prior to administration of oral (Ca-46) and intravenous (Ca-42) stable isotopes, Using repeated measures analysis of variance, fractional calcium absorption, true calcium absorption, bone calcium deposition, and the balance in bone calcium turnover were all significantly affected by diet (p < 0.01), Females from nonosteoporotic families had decreased bone calcium resorption with little change in bone calcium deposition during the high-calcium study, In contrast, girls and adult women from osteoporotic families had increased both bone calcium deposition and resorption during the high-calcium period, leading to a less positive balance in bone calcium turnover, A significant interaction between bone status and diet was found for bone calcium resorption (p < 0.05) and approached significance for bone calcium deposition (p < 0.07), effects which were independent of generation, We conclude that girls and women from osteoporotic families have a significantly altered bone turnover response to acute changes in calcium intake. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 2505, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.491 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YZ967 UT WOS:000072313100018 PM 9525350 ER PT J AU Song, HP Delwiche, SR Line, MJ AF Song, HP Delwiche, SR Line, MJ TI Moisture distribution in a mature soft wheat grain by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; magnetic resonance imaging; moisture; single grain ID MAIZE KERNELS; CRACKING; WATER; NMR; MRI AB Moisture-tempering is typically performed prior to first break in wheat milling operations to enhance separation of bran, germ, and endosperm. To improve the milling performance and to increase yield, a better knowledge of moisture distribution and migration in individual wheat grains during tempering is essential. The research described herein was conducted to demonstrate the non-destructive measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of moisture in a single wheat grain. A 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was adapted for the probing of single wheat grains at storage moistures (c. 12% wet basis). The technique is demonstrated in this report on one grain. A 3D projection reconstruction (3DPR) technique was used to acquire high resolution proton density images. The spatial resolution of the images was 94 x 94 x 94 mu m(3). The 3D proton density images were related to the 3D moisture distribution in the wheat grain. At 12% moisture content, the moisture distribution in the starchy endosperm of the wheat was not uniform. The variation of the moisture distribution was from 7.3% to 16.4% wb. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1997.0163 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ZG785 UT WOS:000073039200009 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW AF Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW TI A versatile and quantitative volatile-delivery system for laboratory bioassays SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volatile compounds; bioassay; manometer; Nitidulidae; Carpophilus humeralis; solid-phase microextraction; gas chromatography; wind tunnel ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; HEMIPTERUS; RELEASE AB A versatile moving-air system is described for delivering volatiles into a wind tunnel or other bioassay device. The system controls up to four volatile sources at one time. There is a calibrated, adjustable splitter for each source so that any percentage of a source's airstream, or none of it, can be directed to the system outlet at any moment. Thus, the system allows the sample volatiles to be bioassayed in any order and at any level or in mixtures of any desired proportions. Volatile sources of many types can be used, including single chemicals in slow-release formulations, mixtures of chemicals, or volatiles from living organisms. The volatile stream can be sampled by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) just before it enters the wind tunnel. Analysis of the SPME sample by gas chromatography allows absolute delivery rates of volatile components to be calculated. System performance was characterized with physical measurements and with bioassay experiments involving Carpophilus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). One bioassay experiment demonstrated how volatiles from a microbial culture (fermenting bread dough) and a synthetic counterpart (an aqueous solution of acetaldehyde, ethanol, I-propanol, isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and ethyl acetate) could be compared at a range of dose levels, with just one sample of each type. These natural and synthetic volatile sources delivered very similar amounts of the above compounds and produced nearly identical dose-response curves. In another experiment, three bread dough volatiles (ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate) were tested in mixtures. Each component was used at four different levels (giving a total of 64 experimental treatments), but just one physical sample was needed for each chemical. The experiment provided clear information about response thresholds and interactions among these host volatiles. The volatile delivery system is versatile, easy to operate, and can be constructed from inexpensive materials. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 3 BP 535 EP 558 DI 10.1023/A:1022369020687 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD987 UT WOS:000072745700009 ER PT J AU Fried, SK Bunkin, DA Greenberg, AS AF Fried, SK Bunkin, DA Greenberg, AS TI Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: Depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL CANCER CACHEXIA; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; FACTOR-ALPHA; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; IN-VIVO; CORTISOL SECRETION; RAT ADIPOCYTES; CELL SIZE; EXPRESSION AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether human adipocytes from different depots of obese subjects produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and whether IL-6 release is regulated by glucocorticoids. Fragments of omental and abdominal sc adipose tissue released immunodetectable IL-6 into the medium during acute incubations. Omental adipose tissue released 2-3 times more IL-6 than did sc adipose tissue. Isolated adipocytes prepared from these tissues also released IL-6 (omental > sc), but this accounted for only 10% of the total tissue release. Culture of adipose tissue fragments for 7 days with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone markedly suppressed IL-6 production. These data show for the first time that substantial quantities of IL-6 (up to 75 ng/mL) accumulate in the medium during incubations of both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Although little is known about the effects of IL-6 on adipose tissue, one action is a down-regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. The regulated production of this multifunctional cytokine may modulate regional adipose tissue metabolism and may contribute to the recently reported correlation between serum IL-6 and the level of obesity. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fried, SK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Nutr Sci, Thompson Hall,Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 37 TC 1024 Z9 1067 U1 4 U2 28 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 83 IS 3 BP 847 EP 850 DI 10.1210/jc.83.3.847 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZA804 UT WOS:000072403500025 PM 9506738 ER PT J AU de Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF de Echaide, ST Knowles, DP McGuire, TC Palmer, GH Suarez, CE McElwain, TF TI Detection of cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested PCR and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODOMINANT 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION; RICKETTSEMIA; COMPLEMENT; BABESIOSIS; DIAGNOSIS AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 (rMSP5-cELISA) of Anaplasma marginale was validated in a naturally infected cattle herd in an area of eastern Oregon where A. marginale is endemic. The true positive and negative A. marginale infection status of 235 randomly selected cattle was determined by using a nested PCR (nPCR) coupled with msp5 sequence analysis and hybridization. Judgment of the reliability of the nPCR and hybridization for detection of persistent infections was based on three observations. First, the nPCR was able to detect as few as 30 infected erythrocytes per mi. Second, the nPCR was able to consistently detect low levels of rickettsemia in seven carrier cattle experimentally infected with A. marginale. Third, msp5 sequence analysis showed >95% identity among 30 nPCR amplicons from cattle naturally infected with field strains of A. marginale. The nPCR and hybridization identified 151 infected and 84 uninfected cattle among the 235 animals tested. With a cutoff point of 28%, the rMSP5-cELISA showed a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%. These results indicate that the rMSP5-cELISA can sensitively and specifically detect cattle with naturally acquired persistent A. marginale infections and suggest that it is an excellent assay for epidemiological studies, eradication programs, and regulation of international cattle movement. C1 Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. EEA Rafalea, Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP McElwain, TF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 45 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YX389 UT WOS:000072035100031 PM 9508311 ER PT J AU Dosogne, H Capuco, AV Paape, MJ Roets, E Burvenich, C Fenwick, B AF Dosogne, H Capuco, AV Paape, MJ Roets, E Burvenich, C Fenwick, B TI Reduction of acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity in circulating neutrophils from cows after parturition SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mastitis; neutrophils; endotoxin ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ENZYMATIC DEACYLATION; BOVINE MASTITIS; ENDOTOXIN; CD14; BINDING; PROTEIN; INFLAMMATION AB Bovine neutrophils contain the enzyme acyloxyacyl hydrolase, which hydrolyzes the acyloxyacyl linkage of the two nonhydroxylated fatty acyl chains to two 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the highly conserved lipid A part of endotoxins with high specificity. This hydrolysis decreases the toxicity of lipid A, but the immunostimulatory capacity of endotoxins is largely maintained. In two trials, we studied the activity of acyloxyacyl hydrolase in neutrophils that had been isolated from the blood of 18 dairy cows around parturition. Between 10 and 26 d after parturition, the activity of acyloxyacyl hydrolase in neutrophils decreased approximately 20% below prepartum activity. At about 2 mo after parturition, acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity returned to prepartum values. Changes in acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity could not be attributed to changes in binding of lipopolysaccharides by the CD14 molecules on neutrophils or monocytes. We hypothesize that decreased acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity in neutrophils shortly after parturition is a factor that increases the susceptibility of dairy cows to coliform mastitis during early lactation. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 672 EP 677 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZG308 UT WOS:000072988100010 PM 9565869 ER PT J AU Schmidtmann, ET Schlater, JL Maupin, GO Mertins, JW AF Schmidtmann, ET Schlater, JL Maupin, GO Mertins, JW TI Vegetational associations of host-seeking adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari : Ixodidae), on dairy farms in northwestern Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ticks; dairy cattle; risk of encounter; Lyme disease ID LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY; NEW-YORK; CONNECTICUT; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; ECOLOGY; REMOVAL AB As a measure of the risk for exposure to Lyme disease, we estimated the distribution of host-seeking adults of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, on daily farms in Barren County in northwestern Wisconsin. Vegetation ecotypes that were common to 18 farms that were representative of the county were surveyed by flag sampling. Tick prevalence and abundance, which were similar during fall and spring periods, were very lawn in farmhouse yards and forage croplands; only a single male was collected from 17 lawns. Sampling of 18 pastures with lactating cows also yielded only a single I. scapularis. In contrast, I. scapularis adults were captured in 9 of 37 samples from 18 pastures with heifers and dry cows; in those pastures, ticks were associated with woods and secondary vegetation or margins of pastures adjacent to woodlands. Blacklegged ticks were most prevalent and numerous in ungrazed woodlands; adults were captured in 27 of 53 samples on 13 of 15 farms, particularly when evidence of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), was apparent. The risk of encountering adult blacklegged ticks on dairy farms in Barren County, Wisconsin is therefore greatest in woodlands habitat. The presence of adult ticks in pastures with heifers and dry cows establishes an ecological basis for the exposure of dairy cattle to adult I. scapularis. Pastures with lactating cows, farmhouse yards, and forage croplands represent negligible risk. C1 Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Vet Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Schmidtmann, ET (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZG308 UT WOS:000072988100015 PM 9565874 ER PT J AU Waldo, DR Capuco, AV Rexroad, CE AF Waldo, DR Capuco, AV Rexroad, CE TI Milk production of Holstein heifers fed either alfalfa or corn silage diets at two rates of daily gain SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heifer growth; growth diet; milk production; component production ID MAMMARY GROWTH; HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; DAIRY HEIFERS; NUTRITION; PLANE; WEIGHT; COWS; AGE AB Seventy-five prepubertal heifers mere fed diets based on either alfalfa silage or corn silage plus soybean meal for daily gains of either 725 or 950 g/d in a 2 x 2 factorial. Heifers were fed from 175 to 325 kg of body weight (BW). The alfalfa diet contained more digestible protein and less digestible energy than did the diet containing corn silage plus soybean meal. Actual gains were preexperimental BW gain, 633 g/d; lowest experimental BW gain, 785 g/d; highest experimental BW gain, 994 g/d; lowest postexperimental BW gain, 494 g/d; and highest postexperimental BW gain, 546 g/d. Compensatory postexperimental BW gains of heifers fed a common diet allowed the heifers to calve at 732 d of age. The postcalving BW was 508 kg, and precalving height at withers was 134 cm. A total mixed diet containing 17.1% CP and digestible energy at 3.12 Mcal/kg of dry matter was fed during lactation. Feed intake, milk and milk component production, and milk composition were not affected by either experimental diet or growth rate. As covariates, milk production was related to age at calving and was more strongly related to BW after calving, but no differences were observed among growth diets. Differences in protein and energy concentrations in experimental growth diets did not affect lactation performance. About 75% of total BW gains during the treatment period occurred before puberty, but rate of gain did not affect milk production. This lack of an effect of prepubertal growth rates on the milk production of primiparous heifers is consistent with six other similar studies that were conducted recently. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Waldo, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 756 EP 764 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZG308 UT WOS:000072988100020 PM 9565879 ER PT J AU Hanson, GD Cunningham, LC Morehart, MJ Parsons, RL AF Hanson, GD Cunningham, LC Morehart, MJ Parsons, RL TI Profitability of moderate intensive grazing of dairy cows in the northeast SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grazing; profitability; northeast; intensive ID PASTURE PROGRAM; FERTILITY; NITROGEN AB Empirical analyses of the profitability of moderate grazing are presented based on sample dairy farms in Pennsylvania and New York. Net income per cow was higher for dairy farms that employed moderate intensive grazing than for dairy farms that employed extensive grazing. Income appeared to be adequate for family living expenses, but moderate intensive grazing could not be considered a high profit system. Detailed analyses of dairy farms that employed moderate and extensive grazing in northern Pennsylvania indicated that returns to management and owner equity were higher for pasture enterprises than for corn silage or hay enterprises. Positive dairy profits were related to lower feed costs. Milk production was lower on farms that employed moderate grazing than on farms that employed extensive grazing. Legit regression analysis characterized farms that employed moderate intensive grazing as oriented toward dairy rather than toward crop production; these farms had lower culling rates and a greater dependence on milk sales as a share of total sales. The reduced use of fertilizers and chemicals suggests that moderate grazing had environmentally sustainable features. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Agr Credit Assoc, York Farm Credit, Chambersburg, PA 17201 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Hanson, GD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 821 EP 829 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ZG308 UT WOS:000072988100028 PM 9565887 ER PT J AU Li, MD Ford, JJ AF Li, MD Ford, JJ TI A comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PHYLOGENETIC VARIABILITY; PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; SALMON GONADOTROPINS; BOOTSTRAP ESTIMATION; ENCODING GENES AB On the basis of nucleotide sequences of the coding region and their predicted amino acid sequences, 58 glycoprotein hormone subunit genes were compared, aligned and used to construct phylogenetic trees for this family. The analysis included 17 alpha-subunits, eight TSH beta-, six FSH beta-, 17 LH beta/CG beta-, four fish gonadotropin (GTH)-I beta-, five fish GTH-II beta- and one additional fish GTH beta-subunits. The reliability of the phylogenetic trees was probed with the bootstrapping test. Our results indicated that: both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the family diverged from a common ancestral gene about 927 million years ago; the initial precursor of the beta-subunit duplicated to give rise to the LH beta and a second hormone, the latter then duplicating to FSH beta and TSH beta, so that FSH beta is related more to TSH beta than to LH beta; and bony fish GTH-I beta is highly related to mammalian FSH beta, whereas the bony fish GTH-II beta is more related to mammalian LH beta. For scientific consistency and convenience, we propose that the following nomenclature be adopted; all fish gonadotropins of type I be classified as FSH and all type II be classified as LH hormones, In addition, on the basis of results from this and other studies, we propose an evolutionary history for this glycoprotein hormone family. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this family would not only provide clues to understanding thyrotropin and gonadotropin functions, but would also allow further revision of the present nomenclature of the gonadotropins in fish. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Endocrine Res Lab, Minneapolis Med Res Fdn, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA. RP Li, MD (reprint author), 914 S 8th St,D-3, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA. NR 90 TC 102 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 EI 1479-6805 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 156 IS 3 BP 529 EP 542 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1560529 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZA427 UT WOS:000072362400016 PM 9582510 ER PT J AU Daniel, TC Sharpley, AN Lemunyon, JL AF Daniel, TC Sharpley, AN Lemunyon, JL TI Agricultural phosphorus and eutrophication: A symposium overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP ASA, Soil Sci Soc Amer, CSSA ID POULTRY LITTER; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; WATER; AMENDMENTS; TOXINS AB Phosphorus in runoff from agricultural land is an important component of nonpoint-source pollution and can accelerate eutrophication of lakes and streams, Long-term land application of P as fertilizer and animal wastes has resulted in elevated levels of soil P in many locations in the USA, Problems with soils high in P are often aggravated by the proximity of many of these areas to P-sensitive water bodies, such as the Great Lakes, Chesapeake and Delaware Bags, Lake Okeechobee, and the Everglades, This paper provides a brief overview of the issues and options related to management of agricultural P that were discussed at a special symposium titled, "Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication," held at the November 1996 American Society of Agronomy annual meetings, Topics discussed at the symposium and reviewed here included the role off in eutrophication; identification of P-sensitive water bodies; P transport mechanisms, chemical forms and fate of P; identification of P source areas; modeling of P transport; water quality criteria; and management of soil and manure P, off-farm P inputs, and P transport processes. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Manage Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, NRCS, South Natl Tech Ctr, Arlington, TX 76018 USA. RP Daniel, TC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 45 TC 302 Z9 371 U1 19 U2 135 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD782 UT WOS:000072723300002 ER PT J AU Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN AF Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN TI Hydrologic controls on phosphorus loss from upland agricultural watersheds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP ASA, Soil Sci Soc Amer, CSSA ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; AREAS AB Development of strategies for controlling P loss from upland agricultural watersheds requires an ability to identify specific source areas of P at field and farm scales, and to predict their resultant effects at the watershed scale. Key to identification of P source areas is defining the interaction between P availability over the landscape and its potential for movement to the watershed outlet by runoff and erosion, A current weakness in quantifying this interaction is determining specific zones of runoff and erosion within a watershed, that is, source areas for the P transport mechanisms. Research results from a series of studies within a small, upland agricultural watershed in fast-central Pennsylvania show that the zones of runoff production, and consequently the areas ultimately controlling most P transport, are often a limited and identifiable portion of the landscape. Quantifying the hydrologic controls on P transport within and from a watershed in this way allows us to focus management options on small and definable portions of the total watershed that contribute most P export. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gburek, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 35 TC 244 Z9 277 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD782 UT WOS:000072723300005 ER PT J AU Cassell, EA Dorioz, JM Kort, RL Hoffmann, JP Meals, DW Kirschtel, D Braun, DC AF Cassell, EA Dorioz, JM Kort, RL Hoffmann, JP Meals, DW Kirschtel, D Braun, DC TI Modeling phosphorus dynamics in ecosystems: Mass balance and dynamic simulation approaches SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP ASA, Soil Sci Soc Amer, CSSA ID NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; EXPORT AB Phosphorus (P) export from agriculture is a major cause of eutrophication in many lake ecosystems. Human activity, hydrology, and physicochemical and biological processes that store, transform, and transport P, define P export patterns over time and space. We suggest that an ecosystem paradigm is useful to holistically view P dynamics within complex watersheds. An ecosystem model of a dairy agricultural system was created within a hierarchical compartment-flux structure of a conceptual watershed ecosystem. Mass balance calculations with our Agriculture Ecosystem model (AEP model) describe P dynamics for the farm system, which are driven by the amount of P stored in agricultural soils and system management practices. Longterm P dynamics respond predominately to human interventions in watersheds and define conditions for future generations, Model simulations suggest that long-term environmental protection programs should incorporate the notions of P sustainability into management decisions. Dynamic simulation modeling is a valuable paradigm for understanding how complex watersheds process P and for developing management perspectives and public policy to achieve goals of environmental quality as well as economic and resource sustainability. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Inst Limnol, F-74203 Thonon Les Bains, France. USDA, Natl Resources Conserv Serv, Winooski, VT 05404 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Cassell, EA (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD782 UT WOS:000072723300007 ER PT J AU Ertl, DS Young, KA Raboy, V AF Ertl, DS Young, KA Raboy, V TI Plant genetic approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural production SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP ASA, Soil Sci Soc Amer, CSSA ID SOYBEAN-MEAL; PHYTIC ACID; PHYTASE; DIETS; PIGS AB Much of the P in corn (Zea mays L.) grain is present in the form of phytic acid. Phytic acid P is unavailable to monogastric animals with most being excreted in the waste, As a result, the substantial P stores in grain are essentially,Fasted and may contribute to water pollution rather than animal productivity, The initial goal of this research was to isolate chemically induced mutants with reduced levels of phytic add P in corn, Such mutants, referred to as low phytic acid or Ipa were isolated and were found to have little or no other effect on kernel composition including no effect on total grain P content, The first mutant characterized, lpa1-1, contains a 65% reduction in phytic acid and is accompanied by a molar-equivalent increase in inorganic P, This mutant was backcrossed into elite corn inbred lines and resulting hybrids were evaluated for yield and other important agronomic traits. Preliminary field trials indicated germination, stalk strength, grain moisture at harvest, and flowering date were not affected by lpa1-1. Some, but not all, lpa1-1 hybrids had yield reductions, In a preliminary chick feeding trial, the low phytic acid grain resulted in greater P availability and reduced P content in the waste. Altering the phytic acid content genetically in corn is possible and may have the potential to improve feeding efficiencies and reduce P released to the environment. C1 Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Ertl, DS (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, POB 85, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. EM ertld@phibred.com OI Ertl, David/0000-0003-1374-2970 NR 13 TC 118 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD782 UT WOS:000072723300008 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Robbins, CW AF Lentz, RD Sojka, RE Robbins, CW TI Reducing phosphorus losses from surface-irrigated fields: Emerging polyacrylamide technology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutrophication CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP ASA, Soil Sci Soc Amer, CSSA ID FURROW EROSION; SOIL-EROSION; TILLAGE; RUNOFF; CONSERVATION; SEDIMENT AB Most P losses from surface-irrigated fields occur via runoff, are associated with eroded sediment, and can be minimized by eliminating irrigation-induced erosion. A convenient new practice that eliminates furrow irrigation-induced soil losses uses a high molecular weight, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) applied to initial irrigation inflows. We hypothesized that, compared to control furrows, PAM treatment would reduce field losses of ortho P, total P, NO3 and lower tailwater chemical oxygen demand (GOD), Two PAR I treatments were tested: lie applied 10 mg L-1 PAM only during the furrow advance (i.e., the application was halted after runoff began) and C-1 applied 1 mg L-1 PAR I continuously throughout the irrigation. Soil was Portneuf silt learn (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) with 1.6% slope. Initial inflows were cut bark from 23 to 15 L min(-1) after 1.5 to 6 h. Total soil loss over four irrigations,vas 3.06 Mg ha(-1) for control furrows vs. 0.33 (C-1) and 0.24 (I-10) for PAM-treated furrows. Ortho-P and total P concentrations in control tailwaters were five to seven times that of PAM treatments, and COD levels were four times those of PAM treatments. Runoff in controls was two times that of PAM-treated furrows. PAM-I-10 lowered furrow stream nutrient concentrations more than did PAM-C-1, but owing to disparities in runoff, the two treatments produced similar cumulative sediment and nutrient mass losses, The PAM is effective, convenient, and economical, and greatly reduces P and organic material (GOD) losses from surface-irrigated fields. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 N, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 37 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZD782 UT WOS:000072723300009 ER EF