FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Humes, KS Starks, PJ AF Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Humes, KS Starks, PJ TI Estimation of surface heat fluxes at field scale using surface layer versus mixed-layer atmospheric variables with radiometric temperature observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; HETEROGENEOUS LAND SURFACES; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSIBLE-HEAT; VEGETATION INDEXES; EDDY-CORRELATION; ENERGY BALANCE; VAPOR TRANSFER; MODELS AB Radiometric surface temperature observations T-R(phi), near-surface meteorological/surface energy flux (METFLUX), and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data were collected during the Washita '94 Experiment conducted in re Little Washita Experimental Watershed near Chickasha, Oklahoma. The T-R(phi) measurements were made from ground and aircraft platforms near the METFLUX stations located over vegetated surfaces of varying amounts of cover and over bare soil. Continuous, half-hourly averaged ground-based T-R(phi) measurements essentially at the point scale were calibrated with periodic ground transect and aircraft-based T-R(phi) observations at coarser resolutions so that the continuous T-R(phi) measurements would be representative of surface temperatures at the held scale (i.e., on the order of 10(4) m(2)). The METFLUX data were collected nominally at 2 m above the surface, while ABL measurements were made in the lower 8-10 km of the atmosphere. The "local" wind speed, u, and air temperature, T-A, from the METFLUX stations, as well as the mixed-layer wind speed, U-M, and potential temperature, Theta(M), were used in a two-source energy balance model for computing fluxes with continuous T-R(phi) measurements from the various surfaces. Standard Monin-Obukhov surface layer similarity was used with the "local" u and T-A data From the METFLUX stations. Bulk similarity approaches were used with the U-M and Theta(M), data referenced either to ABL height or the top of the surface layer. This latter approach of using mixed-layer data to drive model computations for the different sites is similar to the so-called flux-aggregation schemes or methods proposed to account for subgrid variability in atmospheric models, such as the "tile" or "mosaic" approach. There was less agreement between modeled and measured fluxes when using mixed-layer versus local meteorological variables data for driving the model, and the type of bulk formulation used (i.e., whether local or regional surface roughness was used) also had a significant impact on the results. Differences between the flux observations and model predictions using surface layer similarity with local u and T-A data were about 25% on average, while using die bulk formulations with U-M and Theta(M) differences averaged about 30%. This larger difference was caused by an increase in biases and scatter between modeled and measured fluxes for some sites. Therefore, computing spatially distributed local-scale fluxes with ABL observations of mixed-layer properties will probably yield less reliable Bur predictions than using local meteorological data, if available. Given the uncertainty in flux observations is about 20%, these estimates are still considered reasonable and moreover permit the mapping of spatially distributed surface fluxes at regional scales using a single observation of U-M and Theta(M) with high resolution T-R(phi) data. Such T-R(phi) observations with a 90-m pixel resolution will be available from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer to be launched on NASA's Earth Observing System. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USDA ARS Grazinglands Res, El Reno, OK USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsuda.gov NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0224:EOSHFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166AH UT WOS:000078553700006 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Kay, FR AF Whitford, WG Kay, FR TI Biopedturbation by mammals in deserts: a review SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Ecological, Evolutionary, and Geomorphologic Significance of Open Burrow Systems in Conjunction with the 7th International Theriological Congress CY SEP 06-11, 1997 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO DE biopedturbation; burrows; deserts; disturbance; fossorial rodents; small mammals; patch dynamics; soil properties ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; TAILED KANGAROO RAT; MIMA-LIKE MOUNDS; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; SMALL STONE CONTENT; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MOLE-RATS; POCKET GOPHERS; CAPE-PROVINCE AB Disturbance-caused patchiness is important for development and maintenance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ecosystems. Mammals are important agents of biopedturbation (soil disturbance by organisms) which is a major source of patchiness in arid ecosystems. The contribution of soil disturbance by mammals to heterogeneity is a function of the size and longevity of the soil disturbance. Foraging pits produced by a variety of mammals are relatively short-lived features that trap plant litter and seeds that are rapidly buried. These form nutrient-rich germination sites. High water infiltration rates, a low bulk density rooting environment, and frequently increased soil nutrient content (especially mounds of central-place foragers and larder-hoarders) characterize warren complexes. Productivity tends to be higher on these mounds and the vegetation tends to differ in composition and richness from the surrounding areas. Soil ejected from fossorial mammal burrow systems is generally of low bulk density, erodes readily, and varies greatly with respect to concentration of nutrients and organic matter depending upon the species and landscape in which the species lives. The variability in soil properties of fossorial burrow system ejecta mounds precludes generalizations about the effects of these disturbances on vegetation. Long-lived features such as Mima-like mounds and heuweltjies are nutrient-rich features that support high productivity and a distinct floral assemblage. There is a significant relationship between longevity of mammal soil disturbance and size of the disturbance: longevity in years = 9.33 Area(0.735). The data suggest that pedturbation by mammals can be an important force in pedogenesis, in structuring landscapes, and in maintaining heterogeneity in ecosystems. Data on mammalian pedturbation is based on scattered autecological studies. There is a need for long-term studies that focus on biopedturbation (soil disturbance by invertebrates and vertebrates) as a process at scales from the patch to the landscape. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range,POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM fkay@swca.com NR 142 TC 141 Z9 158 U1 6 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2 BP 203 EP 230 DI 10.1006/jare.1998.0482 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180AV UT WOS:000079363400007 ER PT J AU Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B AF Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B TI Smoking increases bone loss and decreases intestinal calcium absorption SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MEN; MASS; HORMONES; TESTS; RISK AB Cigarette use is a risk factor for increased bone mineral density (BMD) loss but the mechanisms are not well understood. The relationship of smoking to rates of BMD change at the femoral neck, spine, and total body, and to intestinal calcium absorption were examined in 402 elderly men and women (32 smokers, 370 nonsmokers) who participated in a 3-year placebo-controlled study of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Subjects in the supplemented group took 500 mg/day of elemental calcium and 700 IU/day of cholecalciferol. Two-hour calcium absorption fraction was determined three times, at 18, 30, and 36 months, with a single isotope method utilizing Ca-45 in a subset of 333 subjects. Annualized rates of BMD loss (adjusted for baseline BMD, weight, age, gender, supplementation status, and dietary calcium intake) were higher in smokers than nonsmokers at the femoral neck (-0.714 +/- 0.285 %/year vs. +0.038 +/- 0.084 %/year, p < 0.02), and total body (-0.360 +/- 0.101 %/year vs. -0.152 +/- 0.030 %/year, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed at the spine (+0.260 +/- 0.252 %/year in smokers vs. +0.593 +/- 0.074 %/year in nonsmokers, p = 0.21). The mean (+/- SEM) calcium absorption fraction was lower in smokers (12.9 +/- 0.8%, n = 23) than nonsmokers (14.6 +/- 0.2%, n = 310,p < 0.05) after adjustment for gender, age, supplementation status, and dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes. Smokers of at least 20 cigarettes per day (n = 15) had the lowest mean absorption fraction (12.1 +/- 1.1%). With calcium and vitamin D supplementation, the proportionate increase in urinary calcium/creatinine excretion was lower in smokers (44 +/- 12%) than nonsmokers (79 +/- 9%, p < 0.05). These results suggest that smoking accelerates bone loss from the femoral neck and total body in the elderly and that less efficient calcium absorption may be one contributing factor. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Krall, EA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 26 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.2.215 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 161NE UT WOS:000078294700008 PM 9933475 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Lehmann, B Raju, N Ebel, JG Manzell, KL Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, AN Lehmann, B Raju, N Ebel, JG Manzell, KL Rupprecht, CE TI Experimental lead toxicosis of raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Four pairs of raccoons were treated orally with the following doses of lead acetate (mg/kg; 5 days/week, for 8 weeks): 0 (control), 1,2 and 4. In the six experimental animals, this treatment produced dose-dependent increases in blood lead, without clinical signs or changes in haematological parameters. After 8 weeks, the liver and kidney of all lead-treated animals and the calvarium and radius of those receiving doses of 2 and 1 mg/kg contained elevated concentrations of lead. Acid-fast inclusions were observed by light and electron microscopy in the kidneys of all raccoons receiving the two highest doses and in one animal receiving the lowest dose. Hepatic acid-fast inclusions were seen in only one animal (dose 4 mg/kg). No inclusions were seen in osteoclasts of the radius. It is suggested that the findings, which support earlier observations that raccoons are fairly resistant to lead, may be of value in studying interactions between lead exposure and oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies. (C) 1999 W.B. Saunders Company Limited. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Toxicol, Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14800 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Neurovirol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Vet Lab, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 120 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1053/jcpa.1998.0261 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 164EC UT WOS:000078448800003 PM 10087488 ER PT J AU Kimura, K Goff, JP Kehrli, ME Harp, JA AF Kimura, K Goff, JP Kehrli, ME Harp, JA TI Phenotype analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in periparturient dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; periparturient; lymphocyte; CD4; CD8; and gamma delta T-cell receptor positive cells ID POSTPARTUM PERIOD; BOVINE; DISORDERS AB Impaired immune function during the periparturient period contributes to the increased susceptibility of the cow to infectious disease around the time of calving. Changes in subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the immediate periparturient period can contribute to the observed immunosuppression in cows, but it is not known exactly when and what changes occur. Using a flow cytometer and monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic markers on mononuclear cells, the populations Of CD3, CD4, CDs, and gamma delta T-cell receptor positive cells were examined in eight periparturient Jersey cows during the 2 wk before and 2 wk after parturition. The percentage of cells that were positive for CD3, CD4, and gamma delta T-cell receptor markers exhibited a significant decline before calving and reached a nadir at calving. These percentages did not return to precalving levels until 2 wk after calving. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that declining T-cell populations may contribute to the immunosuppression reported for dairy cows at calving. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 82 IS 2 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 168TY UT WOS:000078709800010 PM 10068953 ER PT J AU Norman, HD VanRaden, PM Wright, JR Clay, JS AF Norman, HD VanRaden, PM Wright, JR Clay, JS TI Comparison of test interval and best prediction methods for estimation of lactation yield from monthly, am-pm, and trimonthly testing SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE test interval method; best prediction; lactation yield AB A method with best prediction properties that condenses information from all test days into measures of lactation yield and persistency has been proposed as a possible replacement for the test interval method and projection factors. The proposed method uses previously established correlations between individual test days and includes inversion of a matrix for each lactation. Milk weights that were representative of monthly, a.m.-p.m., and trimonthly test plans were examined to compare the accuracy of best prediction and test interval methods for estimating lactation yield. Individual milk weights or daily yields of 658 Canadian cows in 17 herds were selected to correspond to test intervals for 100,000 US cows. For a.m.-p.m. testing, the initial milk weight that was credited was selected randomly from the a.m. or p.m. milking and was alternated thereafter. Trimonthly credits were from one of the first three designated test day weights, selected randomly, and each third designated test weight thereafter. Correlations between 305-d actual lactation yield and lactation estimates by the test interval method were 0.97, 0.96, and 0.93 for monthly, a.m.-p.m., and trimonthly testing, respectively. Corresponding correlations for the best prediction method were 0.97, 0.97, and 0.93. Standard deviations of differences between estimated and 305-d actual yields for monthly, a.m.-p.m., and trimonthly testing were 373, 400, and 546 kg, respectively, for best prediction regressed on herd mean, which was a reduction in estimation error of 4, 6, and 10% over the test interval method. The advantage of best prediction was moderate if two milk weights were recorded monthly and was larger if testing was less frequent. Advantages also were found for fat and protein yields estimated by multitrait best prediction for records with reduced component sampling. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dairy Records Management Syst, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 82 IS 2 BP 438 EP 444 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 168TY UT WOS:000078709800022 PM 10068965 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC Henneberry, TJ AF Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC Henneberry, TJ TI Comparison of neem, urea, and amitraz as oviposition suppressants and larvicides against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Azadirachta indica; seed treatment; soil application; Azatin; foliar spray ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; SEED EXTRACT; RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDES; AZADIRACHTIN; CALIFORNIA; SYNERGISM AB The activities of 2 formulations of neem seed extract, a crude extract from India, and Azatin, a neem-based insecticide, in addition to urea and a mixture of neem seed extract + urea were investigated as oviposition suppressants and larvicides against Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Both seed and soil applications to cotton were tested. Oviposition was not significantly suppressed by pretreatment of cotton seeds by neem seed extract but was when it was applied as a soil treatment. However, both seed and soil applications of neem seed extract produced significant mortality of immatures leading to reduced emergence of adults. Azatin was effective in suppression of oviposition as well as in inducing larval mortality by both methods of application Treatment of cotton seeds by urea was effective in reducing oviposition but failed to do so in a soil application Treatment of seeds or soil by urea was not toxic to immatures. However? a mixture of neem seed extract + urea suppressed oviposition and killed larvae, thus reducing the numbers of adult whiteflies that emerged. Foliar applications of neem seed extract and Amitraz, a nonchlorinated formamadine, were investigated in another series of tests of their effects on oviposition and development of whitefly immatures. Both compounds effectively suppressed oviposition and induced mortality of immatures. Ovicidal activity of Amitraz appeared to occur late in embryonic development, or even postembryonically during eclosion. These results suggest that the use of neem or Amitraz as alternative chemicals in a resistance management program for whiteflies deserves consideration. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400005 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Bennett, GA McGuire, MR Nelsen, TC Shasha, BS Simmons, FW AF Dowd, PF Bennett, GA McGuire, MR Nelsen, TC Shasha, BS Simmons, FW TI Adherent malathion flour granules as an environmentally selective control for chewing insect pests of dent corn ears: Indirect reduction of mycotoxigenic ear molds SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa; Carpophilus; Ostrinia; Zea; Fusarium; fumonisin ID MAIZE; ROT; INFECTION; BEETLES AB Reductions of incidence of chewing ear pests produced by application of adherent granular malathion were associated with reductions of mycotoxigenic fungi in each of 4 yr. In a 2-yr comparative study, the incidence of potentially mycotoxigenic Fusarium fungi was significantly reduced bs a single hand application of 0.1% (AI) granules at 11 kg granules/ha (0.011 kg/ha [AI]) compared with control plots, and was approximately equal to plots receiving 5 sprays of malathion at 1.1 kg/ha (AI) each. In a 2nd series of studies at this site, the use of IZ malathion granules at 11 kg granules/ha (0.11 kg/ha [AI]) significantly reduced the incidence of chewing corn ear insect pests and visible Fusarium mold in 2 corn hybrids that differed in relative resistance to Fusarium moniliforme Scheld. Different rates of adherent malathion granules were applied with conventional equipment in a small-plot study near Metamora, IL. Because of poor coverage in the ear zone, control of insects and indirect control of Fusarium ear mold was limited. Although year and hybrid effects were involved, there was generally a positive association between insect damage and incidence of mold in the 1994 and 1995 hand-application studies. Relative insect damage at harvest was significantly correlated with fumonisin levels of the hybrids treated in 1995. Thus, in addition to the economic and environmental benefits derived from using granules containing low malathion compared with conventional formulations for insect control described previously, use of these granules also may indirectly reduce ear molds and associated mycotoxins in corn. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400008 ER PT J AU Harris, JW Harbo, JR AF Harris, JW Harbo, JR TI Low sperm counts and reduced fecundity of mites in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) resistant to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; mite fecundity; suppression of mite reproduction ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; JUVENILE-HORMONE TITER; WORKER BROOD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OUD; LIGUSTICA; BEHAVIOR; CERANA; HERITABILITY; INFESTATION AB A breeding program for honey bees, Apis mellifera L., resistant to varroa mites, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, selected for bees that maintain low populations of mites with decreased reproduction. This study examines the causes for this suppressed mite reproduction. Nonreproductive mites were classified into 3 groups as follows: (1) mites that were alive but did not lay eggs, (2) mites that began laying eggs later than normal, and (3) mites that died before laying eggs (usually <2% of mites in worker brood). Mites that did not lay any eggs had significantly fewer spermatozoa (4 +/- 8 [mean +/- SD] n = 33) in their seminal receptacle than normally reproductive mites (27 +/- 14, n = 45). About half of the mites that produced no progeny had no spermatozoa in their seminal receptacles. Hence, the failure to produce progeny was related to fertilization of the female mite. Reproductive mites produced fewer progeny in colonies that had a higher proportion of nonreproductive mites. Therefore, both absolute infertility and reduced fecundity may be associated with the same host-related factors. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Room 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400010 ER PT J AU Pingel, RL Lewis, LC AF Pingel, RL Lewis, LC TI Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, and their mixture on three lepidopteran corn ear pests SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Ostrinia nubilalis; Spodoptera frugiperda; modified droplet bioassay method ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE AB The Ist step in developing microbials as alternatives to chemical insecticides is to determine susceptibility of insects and virulence of the microbials in the laboratory. Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) and 3 Bacillus thuringiensis products, HD-1-S-1980, XenTari, and Javelin, were bioassayed against neonate Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and Spodoptera frugiperda (I. E. Smith) by using a droplet feeding method. The Virulence of the B. thuringiensis materials for H. ten and S. frugiperda was Javelin > XenTari > HD-1-S-1980 and for O. nubilalis it was Javelin > XenTari and HD-1-S-1980. AfMNPV was most Virulent to H. tea, followed by S. frugiperda, and O. nubilalis. The effect of XenTari and AfMNPV mixtures on the mortality of the 3 corn ear pests also was examined. Mixtures of entomopathogens either had no effect on mortality when compared with both pathogens alone or mortality caused by the virus was reduced with the addition of B. thuringiensis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pingel, RL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400011 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Chauvin, RL AF Lacey, LA Chauvin, RL TI Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of diapausing codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in fruit bins SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema carpocapsae; Steinernema kraussei; Heterorhabditis marelatus; Cydia pomonella; entomopathogenic nematodes ID METHYL-BROMIDE; MATING DISRUPTION; TEMPERATURE; HETERORHABDITIS; OLETHREUTIDAE; REPRODUCTION; INFECTIVITY; FUMIGATION; STORAGE; LARVAE AB Fruit bins infested with diapausing larvae of codling moth larvae, Cydia pomonella (L), are a source of reinfestation of orchards and may jeopardize the success of mating disruption programs and other control strategies. Bins are not routinely treated for control of overwintering codling moth before placing them in orchards. Entomopathogenic nematodes provide a noninsecticidal alternative to methyl bromide that could be applied at the Lime bins are submerged in dump tanks at the packing house for notation of fruit. Diapausing codling moth larvae in miniature fruit bins were highly susceptible to infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser). Immersion of bins in suspensions of S. carpocapsae ranging from 5 to 100 infective juveniles pet milliliter of water resulted in 68-100% mortality. Immersion times of 1 or 5 min in suspensions with 5 infective juveniles of S. carpocapsae per milliliter of water, with and without Tween 80 (0.01%), yielded essentially the same mortality of codling moth larvae. Highest mortalities in codling moth larvae (88%) after treatment of bins in suspensions of 5 infective juveniles of S, carpocapsae per milliliter of water were observed after incubation for 24 h at 25 degrees C and 70% RH. Lowest mortalities (37%) were observed after incubation at 15 degrees C and 35% RH Comparative tests conducted with Heterorhabditis marelatus Liu & Berry, Steinernema kraussei (Steiner), and S. carpocapsae with 5 infective juveniles per milliliter of water resulted in 21.7, 53.9, and 68.7% mortality, respectively. The use of miniature fruit bins as described in this article provides an effective means of assessing nematode efficacy without the cumbersome size of commercial bins. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400013 PM 10036984 ER PT J AU Porter, SD Alonso, LE AF Porter, SD Alonso, LE TI Host specificity of fire ant decapitating flies (Diptera : Phoridae) in laboratory oviposition tests SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis; Pseudacteon; biocontrol; classical biological control; parasitoid; Brazil ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE AB Host specificities of 3 species of Pseudacteon decapitating flies (P, litoralis Borgmeier, P. tricuspis Borgmeier, P. wasmanni Schmitz) were tested in quarantine facilities in Gainesville, FL. Female flies from Brazil were placed into test trays containing either red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren; tropical fire ants, Solenopsis geminata Forel; or native ants from 6 other genera (Crematogaster, Pheidole, Aphaenogaster, Neivamyrmex, Forelius, Camponotus). Tests lasted 60-90 min The 3 species of flies tested were all at least 15 times more likely to attack their natural host, S. invicta, than they were to attack the native fire ant, S. geminata. More than 200 larvae resulted from numerous attacks on S. invicta workers. No larvae resulted from the few possible attacks on S. geminata or the other species of ants that were tested. We induced several P tricuspis to attack a few S. geminata workers by mixing these workers in with freeze-killed S. invicta workers. One adult fly emerged from these attacks, demonstrating that P. tricuspis can develop in S, geminata workers. This indicates that the field release of P. tricuspis poses some risk to native fire ants; however, the extremely low rates of attack on S. geminata in the laboratory and in the held indicate that this risk would be minimal The argument is made that this small risk is acceptable because, among other things, native fire ants are under much more risk from expanding populations of imported are ants than they would be from imported Pseudacteon flies. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 110 EP 114 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400014 ER PT J AU Hardee, DD Jones, GD Adams, LC AF Hardee, DD Jones, GD Adams, LC TI Emergence, movement, and host plants of boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in the Delta of Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; grandlure; pheromone; traps; movement; host plants ID NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; SPRING EMERGENCE; COTTON; SURVIVAL; TEXAS; THRESHOLDS AB More boil weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were captured after 20 May in 1995-1997 in grandlure-baited traps 1-5 km from cotton in Washington County, MS, than in traps near cotton. Even though few weevils were trapped from first bloom to mature boil (about 1 July to 18 August), >5 times as many weevils were captured in traps 1-5 km away from cotton than in traps near cotton. This suggested that competition from male weevils feeding in cotton as well as cotton odors may have masked late-season ovenwintering emergence. These results further suggested that overwintered weevils continue to emerge in low numbers into August, and that considerable movement of weevils (both overwintering and reproductive) occurred throughout the growing season. Numbers of overwintered weevils trapped from 23 March to 29 lune 1996 were only 5% of those trapped during the same period in 1995. Wowever, numbers captured from Ig August to es December 1996 equalled those for the same period in 1995, which showed the powerful ability of the boil weevil to rebuild from low numbers in a single season. Boil weevils responding to traps were slightly >50% females before July I, increased to almost 100% females in midseason, and declined to slightly >50% females again in late season. Over 5,000 boil weevils were examined in 1996 for pollen grains in the midgut throughout the year, and over 300 plant taxa were identified. A majority of the taxa occurred in the Anacardiaceae (sumac), Asteraceae (sunflower), Cheno-am (Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae, goosefoot, and pigweed), Fagaceae (oak), Malvaceae (mallow), and Poaceae (grass) families. These results indicated that noncotton hosts were potentially important in survival of boll weevils throughout the year but not a factor in reproduction, because boil weevils have been found to reproduce only on cotton in the Mississippi Delta. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hardee, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400017 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND Hendrichs, J Katsoyannos, BI Vasquez, LA Ros, JP Zumreoglu, A Pereira, R Bakri, A Seewooruthun, SI Heath, RR AF Epsky, ND Hendrichs, J Katsoyannos, BI Vasquez, LA Ros, JP Zumreoglu, A Pereira, R Bakri, A Seewooruthun, SI Heath, RR TI Field evaluation of female-targeted trapping systems for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) in seven countries SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; trapping; synthetic attractant ID SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; TRAPS AB Field trials were conducted in Greece, Honduras, Mauritius,Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey to compare captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), among several types of traps baited with female-targeted attractants. Most of the field trials were conducted in Citrus orchards, although tests were also conducted in other C. capitata hosts. C. capitata population levels, as indicated by average (standard deviation) number of males captured in male-targeted trimedlure-baited Jackson traps, varied from 0.2 (0.10) to 54.4 (17.49) flies per trap per day. Female-targeted trapping systems included: food-based synthetic lures of ammonium acetate and putrescine alone (2 component attractant) and in combination with trimethylamine (3 component attractant) tested in either wet traps (with water) or dry traps (with pesticide or sticky insert); Frutect traps baited with proprietary liquid protein bait; and McPhail-type traps baited with an aqueous solution of NuLure and bow, which is the standard female-targeted trapping system for C. capitata. Traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured equal or greater numbers of females than the McPhail-type traps baited with NuLure/borax solution and Frutect traps in 10 of the II tests conducted. In 3 of the trials with the lowest C. capitata population levels, traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured more flies than the trimedlure-baited Jackson traps. Females accounted for 43-90% of the total capture in the female-targeted trapping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 156 EP 164 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400020 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Throne, JE Wang, D Baker, JE AF Dowell, FE Throne, JE Wang, D Baker, JE TI Identifying stored-grain insects using near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beetles; near-infrared spectroscopy; stored grain; taxonomy; neural networks ID LIPIDS AB Proper identification of insects in grain storage facilities is critical for predicting development of pest populations and for making management decisions. However, many stored-grain insect pests are difficult to identify, even for trained personnel. We examined the possibility that near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could be used for taxonomic purposes based on the premise that every species map have a unique chemical composition. Tests were conducted with 11 species of beetles commonly associated with stored grain. Spectra from individual insects were collected by using a near-infrared diode-array spectrometer. Calibrations were developed by using partial least squares analysis and neural networks. The neural networks calibration correctly identified >99% of test insects as primary or secondary pests and correctly identified >95% of test insects to genus. Evidence indicates that absorption characteristics of cuticular lipids may contribute to the classification of these species. We believe that this technology could be used for rapid, automated identification of many other organisms. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 14 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400021 ER PT J AU Ellsbury, MM Exner, DN Cruse, RM AF Ellsbury, MM Exner, DN Cruse, RM TI Movement of corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) between border rows of soybean and corn in a strip intercropping system SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn rootworm; strip intercropping; crop rotation ID AMENDED SOIL; COMPACTION; DIABROTICA; ELATERIDAE; TOXICITY; TILLAGE; EGGS AB Strip intercropping of corn may provide spatial and temporal diversity for management of extended-diapause corn rootworm populations. Strip-intercropped corn may sustain infestations of corn rootworm larvae attributable to migration of larvae into Ist-yr corn from soil previously planted to corn. Row-specific distribution of corn rootworm eggs and adult emergence were determined in a strip intercropped system, and effects of interstrip cultural and insecticidal treatments on rootworm infestation of outer rows were evaluated. Corn rootworm eggs were found in all rows of strips previously planted to corn. Root injury ratings were significantly higher in the outer rows than in the interior rows of corn adjacent to the previous year's corn strips. Oilseed meal and insecticide treatments were associated with lower corn rootworm adult emergence and larval root injury than was found in untreated plots. Higher rootworm adult emergence and root injury scores in tillage treatments, where the soil was disturbed by ripping with a cultivator shank, were attributed to increased soil pore space that facilitated larval movement into adjacent corn strips. Fewer adults emerged and less root injury occurred in outer rows of corn adjacent to soybean strips that were subjected to interrow soil compaction from wheel traffic. In severely infested fields, deliberate compaction of interrow soil or incorporation of cruciferous plant material into soil between strips are possible noninsecticidal management options for reducing severe corn rootworm infestation of outside rows of corn in strip intercropping systems. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400028 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE Williams, DF Oi, DH AF Morrison, JE Williams, DF Oi, DH TI Effect of crop seed water content on the rate of seed damage by red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; corn; wheat; sorghum; soybean; cotton ID SORGHUM AB Red imported fire ants, Solenopis invicta Buren, are known to feed upon planted field crop seed; however, the relationship with varying levels of seed water content is not known. Lf red imported fire ants are feeding on planted seed during periods of slow seed germination, and if the seed are more palatable or otherwise more easily damaged at elevated water contents, the risk of crop-stand loss is increased. In this study, 5 types of field crop seeds-wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zea mays L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; and soybean, Glycine max L.-were exposed to red imported fire ants under laboratory conditions to measure damage caused by feeding. The seeds were dry and on moistened filter paper for maximum rate of germination, and at 20, 40, and 60% water contents for various parts of the study. Moistened seed suffered 2-90 times more damage in 48 h than comparable dry seed. When commercial sorghum seed was tested at 4 initial water contents, seed damage increased approximate to 22 times over damage to dry seed. A model was developed to predict the feeding damage to commercial sorghum seed as a function of elapsed time and seed water content. The risk of feeding damage relative to germination increased up to as much as 20 times when the initial water content was 60% compared with dry seed, except for corn damage. which was relatively insensitive to water content. We conclude from laboratory studies that crop-stand losses are likely to be most severe for wheat and grain sorghum when moistened seed are exposed to feeding by red imported fire ants. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Nat Resources Conservat Res Unit, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Nat Resources Conservat Res Unit, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400029 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT Crisosto, CH AF Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT Crisosto, CH TI Low temperature storage combined with sulfur dioxide slow release pads for quarantine control of omnivorous leafroller Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Platynota stultana; Vitis vinifera; quarantine treatments ID FRUIT MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SEEDLESS GRAPES; STONE FRUITS AB Low temperature storage combined with sulfur dioxide slow release pads caused 100% mortality of omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walshingham, 2nd instar (the least susceptible stage to low temperature storage) after 3 wk of exposure in table grapes, Vitis vinifera L. Temperatures in packed grape clusters decreased from ambient to 2 degrees C within approximate to 2 d after placement in storage. Sulfur dioxide concentrations in the grape clusters ranged between 0.2 and 1.0 ppm during the to 6-wk storage period The combination treatment incorporates existing packinghouse facilities and has potential to be used as an alternative to chemical fumigants such as methyl bromide to control pests of regulatory concern in exported table grapes. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400032 ER PT J AU Lynch, RE Wiseman, BR Plaisted, D Warnick, D AF Lynch, RE Wiseman, BR Plaisted, D Warnick, D TI Evaluation of transgenic sweet corn hybrids expressing CryIA(b) toxin for resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera frugiperda; Bacillus thuringiensis gene; sweet corn; transgenic plants ID THURINGIENSIS DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; INSECT CONTROL PROTEIN; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD PERFORMANCE; TOMATO PLANTS; GENE; TOBACCO; PYRALIDAE; COTTON AB Many of the lepidopterous insects which attack sweet corn, Zen mays L., are susceptible to insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Berliner) (Btk). Transgenic sweet corn expressing a synthetic cry gene for production of a Btk-insecticidal protein may provide a more environmentally acceptable means of sweet corn production. Eight transgenic sweet corn hybrids containing a synthetic gene for CryIA(b) protein production (BT11 event) were evaluated for resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Laboratory tests revealed that all Btk sweet corn hybrids were highly resistant to leaf and silk feeding by neonate 3 and 6 d old corn earworm larvae. Ear damage in the field to the Btk sweet corn hybrids caused by corn earworm was negligible. All Btk sweet corn hybrids, except Btk 95-0901, were moderately resistant to leaf and silk feeding by the fall armyworm. Survival and weight gain were reduced when neonates were fed excised whorl leaves of the Btk plants. Weight gain, but not survival, was reduced when 3- and 6-d-old fall armyworm larvae were fed excised whorl leaves of the Btk plants. Btk sweet corn hybrids appear to be ideal candidates for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for both the fresh and processing sweet corn markets, and their use should drastically reduce the quantity of insecticides currently used to control these pests in sweet corn. With appropriate cultural practices, it is highly unlikely that Btk sweet corn will contribute to the development of resistance to Btk proteins in these insects because of the high toxicity of the Cry proteins expressed in these sweet corn hybrids and the harvest of sweet corn ears from fields before larvae can complete development. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lynch, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 30 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166QK UT WOS:000078588400034 PM 10036986 ER PT J AU Stevens, TH Dennis, D Kittredge, D Rickenbach, M AF Stevens, TH Dennis, D Kittredge, D Rickenbach, M TI Attitudes and preferences toward co-operative agreements for management of private forestlands in the North-eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Forest fragmentation is increasing throughout much of the United States. Co-operative management agreements are a potential solution to this problem and this case study suggests that non-industrial private landowners in the North-eastern United Stales are as likely to undertake collaborative management programs as they are to undertake the same management programs independently. However the probability of undertaking any of the management programs examined in this study was low, suggesting that incentives for co-operative management between landowners may be needed. And, regardless of whether management is co-operative or independent, the estimated probability of program adoption is higher when management focuses on amenities, such as wildlife habitat compared to timber harvests. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05492 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oregon State Univ, Forestry Extens, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Stevens, TH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, 226 Draper Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 IS 2 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1006/jema.1998.0248 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166KR UT WOS:000078575600002 ER PT J AU Tillotson, K McCue, PM Granstrom, DE Dargatz, DA Smith, MO Traub-Dargatz, JL AF Tillotson, K McCue, PM Granstrom, DE Dargatz, DA Smith, MO Traub-Dargatz, JL TI Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in northern Colorado SO JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SPOROCYSTS AB Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in northern Colorado during 1995 and 1996. Design: Prevalence survey. Sample Population: Aliquots of serum were collected from 608 equids from samples submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Colorado State University for testing for antibodies to equine infectious anemia (EIA). Procedure: Sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to S. neurona using Western blot analyses. Information regarding age, gender, breed, county of origin and quarter of the year when the sample was collected was recorded for each animal from the EIA form. Data were analyzed using chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression, Results: Seroprevalence was 33.6%. Gender and county of origin were not associated with seroprevalence. Variables that were associated with seropositivity included age, breed, and quarter of the year. Seroprevalence increased with age. The highest seroprevalence, 66.6%, was found in the group that represented ponies and non-horse equids. Stock breeds had a seroprevalence of 32.6% and hot-blooded breeds had a seroprevalence of 27.9%. Seroprevalence was lowest during the coldest months (20.1%). Clinical Implication: Data from this sample population indicate that exposure of horses to S. neurona in northern Colorado is less than that reported for eastern regions of the United States, The overall seroprevalence is similar to that reported in horses from eastern Oregon. Although additional data are necessary, this finding suggests that areas of lower seroprevalence in the Rocky Mountain states corresponds to areas of lower opossum density. The results of this survey further support the conclusion that although a negative serum antibody test for S. neurona in a horse with neurologic signs may help rule out equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) as a diagnosis, a positive serum test result alone, especially in a clinically normal horse, does not lead to a definitive diagnosis of EPM. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Tillotson, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM E JONES DVM PI WILDOMAR PA 20225 GRAND AVE, WILDOMAR, CA 92595 USA SN 0737-0806 J9 J EQUINE VET SCI JI J. Equine Vet. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0737-0806(99)80102-6 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 173LZ UT WOS:000078983200006 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Sinclair, TR Purcell, LC AF Serraj, R Sinclair, TR Purcell, LC TI Symbiotic N-2 fixation response to drought SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE drought stress; legumes; nodule; symbiotic N-2 fixation ID LEGUME ROOT-NODULES; VICIA-FABA L; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI STRAINS; NITROGEN-FIXING ACTIVITY; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; SEASON FOOD LEGUMES; WATER-STRESS; SOYBEAN NODULES; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION AB Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is highly sensitive to drought, which results in decreased N accumulation and yield of legume crops. The effects of drought stress on N-2 fixation usually have been perceived as a consequence of straightforward physiological responses acting on nitrogenase activity and involving exclusively one of three mechanisms: carbon shortage, oxygen limitation, or feedback regulation by nitrogen accumulation. The sensitivity of the nodule water economy to the volumetric flow rate of the phloem into the nodule offers a common framework to understand each of these mechanisms. As these processes are sensitive to volumetric phloem flow into the nodules, variations in phloem flow as a result of changes in turgor pressure in the leaves are likely to cause rapid changes in nodule activity, This could explain the special sensitivity of N-2 fixation to drying soils. It seems likely that N feedback may be especially important in explaining the response mechanism in nodules, A number of studies have indicated that a nitrogenous signal(s), associated with N accumulation in the shoot and nodule, exists in legume plants so that N, fixation is inhibited early in soil drying. The existence of genetic variation in N-2 fixation response to water deficits among legume cultivars opens the possibility for enhancing N-2 fixation tolerance to drought through selection and breeding. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 138 TC 209 Z9 226 U1 9 U2 69 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 50 IS 331 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1093/jexbot/50.331.143 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 166KF UT WOS:000078574200001 ER PT J AU Siragusa, GR Cotter, CN Dorsa, WJ AF Siragusa, GR Cotter, CN Dorsa, WJ TI "Bacterial profile of ground beef made from carcass tissue experimentally contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage bacteria before being washed with hot water, alkaline solution, or organic acid and then stored at 4 or 12 degrees C," a comment on: J. Food Prot. 61(9): 1109-1118 (1998) - Response SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200002 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Response surface models for effects of temperature, pH, and previous growth pH on growth kinetics of Salmonella typhimurium in brain heart infusion broth SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; ANAEROBIC GROWTH; AEROBIC GROWTH; NITRITE; ATMOSPHERE AB Response surface models were developed for effects of temperature (15 to 40 degrees C), pH (5.2 to 7.4), and previous growth pH (5.7 to 8.6) on lag time (lambda) and specific growth rate (mu) of Salmonella Typhimurium in brain heart infusion broth (BHIB). Seventy-five growth curves for model development and 30 growth curves for model validation were fit to a two-phase linear growth model to obtain direct estimates of lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium in BPIIB. Response surface models for natural logarithm transformations of lambda and mu as a function of temperature, pH, and previous growth pH were obtained by regression analysis. Previous growth pH did not alter (P > 0.05) or interact with temperature or pH to alter subsequent growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium. However, lambda and mu of Salmonella Typhimurium in BHIB were affected (P < 0.05) by linear and quadratic effects of temperature and pH. The models were validated against data not used in their development. Mean absolute relative error of predictions (model accuracy) was 7.8% for lambda and 6.6% for mu. Median relative error of predictions (model bias) was -1.8% for lambda and -2.8% for mu. Results of the current study indicated that the models developed accurately predicted growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium in BHIB within the matrix of factors modeled and that the range of previous growth pH (5.7 to 8.6) investigated did not alter the subsequent growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium in BHIB. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA,ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA,ARS, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM toscar@umes-bird.umd.edu NR 21 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200003 PM 10030626 ER PT J AU Sair, AI Booren, AM Berry, BW Smith, DM AF Sair, AI Booren, AM Berry, BW Smith, DM TI Residual triose phosphate isomerase activity and color measurements to determine adequate cooking of ground beef patties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID END-POINT TEMPERATURE; INTERNAL COOKED COLOR; INDICATORS AB The objectives were to (i) compare the use of triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) activity and internal color scores for determination of cooking adequacy of beef patties and (ii) determine the effect of frozen storage and fat content on residual TPI activity in ground beef. Ground beef patties (24.4% fat) were cooked to five temperatures ranging from 60.0 to 82.2 degrees C. TPI activity decreased as beef patty cooking temperature was increased from 60.0 to 71.1 degrees C; however, no difference (P > 0.05) in activity (6.3 U/kg meat) was observed in patties cooked to 71.1 degrees C and above. Degree of doneness color scores, a* values and b* values, of ground beef patties decreased as internal temperature was increased from 60.0 to 71.1 degrees C; however, temperature had no effect on L* values. TPI activity in raw ground beef after five freeze-thaw cycles did not differ from the control. Three freeze-thaw cycles of raw ground beef resulted in a 57.2% decrease in TPI activity after cooking. TPI activity of cooked beef increased during 2 months of frozen storage, but TPI activity in ground beef stored for 3 months or longer did not differ from the unfrozen control. While past research has shown color to be a poor indicator of adequate thermal processing, our results suggest that undercooked ground beef patties could be distinguished from those that had been adequately cooked following U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines using residual TPI activity as a marker. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM smithde@pilot.msu.edu RI Smith, Denise/E-7258-2016 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200012 PM 10030635 ER PT J AU Alavi, SH Puri, VM Knabel, SJ Mohtar, RH Whiting, RC AF Alavi, SH Puri, VM Knabel, SJ Mohtar, RH Whiting, RC TI Development and validation of a dynamic growth model for Listeria monocytogenes in fluid whole milk SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; PASTEURIZED MILK; TEMPERATURE; FOOD AB Listeria monocytogenes, a psychrotrophic microorganism, has been the cause of several food-borne illness outbreaks, including those traced back to pasteurized fluid milk and milk products. This microorganism is especially important because it can grow at storage temperatures recommended for milk (less than or equal to 7 degrees C). Growth of L. monocytogenes in fluid milk depends to a large extent on the varying temperatures it is exposed to in the postpasteurization phase, i.e., during in-plant storage, transportation, and storage at retail stores. Growth data for L. monocytogenes in sterilized whale milk were collected at 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C, Specific growth rate and maximum population density were calculated at each temperature using these data. The data for growth rates versus temperature were fitted to the Zwietering square root model. This equation was used to develop a dynamic growth model (i.e., the Baranyi dynamic growth model or BDGM) for L. monocytogenes based on a system of equations which had an intrinsic parameter for simulating the lag phase. Results from validation of the BDGM for a rapidly fluctuating temperature profile showed that although the exponential growth phase of the culture under dynamic temperature conditions was modeled accurately, the lag phase duration was overestimated. For an alpha(o) (initial physiological state parameter) value of 0.137, which corresponded to the mean temperature of 15 degrees C, the population densities were underpredicted, although the experimental data fell within the narrow band calculated for extreme values of alpha(o). The maximum relative error between the experimental data and the curve based on an average alpha(o) value was 10.42%, and the root mean square error was 0.28 log CFU/ml. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, ERRC, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Puri, VM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 229 Ag Engn Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vmpuri@psu.edu NR 20 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 170 EP 176 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200014 PM 10030637 ER PT J AU Palumbo, SA Pickard, A Call, JE AF Palumbo, SA Pickard, A Call, JE TI Fate of gram-positive bacteria in reconditioned, pork-processing plant water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; DRINKING-WATER; GROWTH; SURVIVAL AB This study investigated the responses of Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus aureus (196E), and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in water from a local meat-processing plant. Each bacterium was added to a starting count of 3 log(10) CFU/ml and held from 5 to 28 degrees C. At intervals (0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days), aliquots were plated on appropriate selective agars. In contrast to the gram-negative bacteria studied previously and which grew, the three gram-positive bacteria survived with some slight increase in number in only nonchlorinated, reconditioned water, either filtered (0.22 mu m pore size) or nonfiltered. The presence of chlorine in either potable or reconditioned water contributed to the rapid decline in viable counts for all three bacteria. These results further emphasize the importance of residual chlorine in preventing the growth of these gram-positive bacteria in potable and reconditioned waters. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Palumbo, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM spalumbo@arserrc.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200018 PM 10030641 ER PT J AU Friedman, ST AF Friedman, ST TI Forest regeneration practices - How regional certification standards compare SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB A review of standards for forest regeneration in 11 regional certification schemes reveals some slight shifts from current local practices. Although forest management in much of the United States is already incorporating many of the practices the standards seek to promote, certification under these schemes would likely result in more natural regeneration and maintenance of a greater diversity of species. Except in special cases, there would be less need for genetic engineering and more attention to local seed collection and seed zoning, and thus a need for better seed certification. Economic consequences for industrial forestry might include some forgone opportunities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Friedman, ST (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 97 IS 2 BP 23 EP 32 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 163MZ UT WOS:000078410700007 ER PT J AU Allende, R Lewis, TL Lu, Z Rock, DL Kutish, GF Ali, A Doster, AR Osorio, FA AF Allende, R Lewis, TL Lu, Z Rock, DL Kutish, GF Ali, A Doster, AR Osorio, FA TI North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SUBGENOMIC MESSENGER-RNAS; LELYSTAD VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; DNA-SEQUENCES; PRRS VIRUS; REPLICATION AB Although North American and European serotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are recognized, only the genome of the European Lelystad strain (LV) has been sequenced completely. Here, the genome of the pathogenic North American PRRSV isolate 16244B has been sequenced and compared with LV, The genomic organization of 16244B was the same as LV but with only 63.4% nucleotide identity. The 189 nucleotide 5' non-coding region (NCR) of 16244B was distinct from the LV NCR, with good conservation (83%) only over a 43 base region immediately upstream of open reading frame (ORF) 1 a. Major differences were found in the region encoding the non-structural part of the ORF 1 a polyprotein, which shared only 47% amino acid identity over 2503 residues of the six non-structural proteins (Nsps) encoded. Nsp2, thought to have a species-specific function, showed the greatest divergence, sharing only 32% amino acid identity with LV and containing 120 additional amino acids in the central region. Nsps encoded by the 5'-proximal and central regions of ORF1b had from 66 to 75% amino acid identity; however, the carboxy-terminal protein CP4 was distinct (42% identity). The ORF1a-1b frameshift region of 16244B had 98% nucleotide identity with LV, Consistent with previous reports for North American isolates, the six structural proteins encoded were 58 to 79% identical to LV proteins. The 3' NCR (150 nucleotides) was 76% identical between isolates. These genomic differences confirm the presence of distinct North American and European PRRSV genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Kutish, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM gkutish@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 61 TC 216 Z9 264 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 BP 307 EP 315 PN 2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 168MM UT WOS:000078696800005 PM 10073689 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Shames, D King, JC Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Shames, D King, JC Abrams, SA TI A compartmental model of zinc kinetics in children. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 SU S BP 134A EP 134A PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 158VG UT WOS:000078137600720 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Ford, GD AF Suzuki, YJ Ford, GD TI Redox regulation of signal transduction in cardiac and smooth muscle SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE calcium; cell signaling; reactive oxygen species; ryanodine receptor; sarcoplasmic reticulum; superoxide ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CA2+ RELEASE CHANNEL; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CALCIUM RELEASE; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CA-2+ RELEASE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES AB In addition to the well-known property of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause non-specific cellular damage. the potential role of ROS in regulation of signal transduction has been recognized. Studies of vascular smooth muscle cells strongly suggest that ROS are required for cell growth signaling. The IP3-induced Ca2+ release from vascular smooth muscle can be selectively stimulated by ROS which may enhance signal transduction for muscle contraction and gene expression. The subunit-subunit contact within the ryanodine receptor complex, as well as intermolecular interactions between the ryanodine receptor and triadin, are redox sensitive, suggesting that ROS may regulate cardiac muscle Ca2+-signaling events. The biochemistry of ROS and thiol regulation may allow for specific interactions between ROS and target molecules during redox regulation. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Physiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Suzuki, YJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 72 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1006/jmcc.1998.0872 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 167PA UT WOS:000078641400004 PM 10093047 ER PT J AU Soman, AG Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Soman, AG Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from a sclerotium-colonizing isolate of Mortierella vinacea SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB The known compound methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzoate (1) and three new related metabolites, which we have named mortivinacins A (2), B (3), and C (4), were identified as metabolites of the fungus Mortierella vinacea. Nicotinic acid (5) was also encountered. This isolate of M. vinacea was obtained from an Aspergillus flavus sclerotium during field studies of sclerotium longevity in soil. Compounds 1-5 were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of organic extracts from M. vinacea solid-substrate fermentation cultures, and the structures were assigned by analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were responsible for the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extract. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 386 EP 388 DI 10.1021/np980411h PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 173BJ UT WOS:000078960800056 PM 10075797 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR James, LF Panter, KE Pfister, JA Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL AF Gardner, DR James, LF Panter, KE Pfister, JA Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL TI Ponderosa pine and broom snakeweed: Poisonous plants that affect livestock SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID ISOCUPRESSIC ACID; NEEDLE INGESTION; RANGE CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; ABORTION; MICE; COWS AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and the snakeweeds (Gutierrezia sarothrae and G. microcephala) are two groups of range plants that are poisonous to livestock. Ponderosa pine causes late-term abortions in cattle, and the snakeweeds are toxic and also cause abortions in cattle, sheep, and goats. Research is underway at the USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plants Research Laboratory to better understand livestock poisonings caused by grazing ponderosa pine needles and the snakeweeds and to provide methods of reducing losses to the livestock and supporting industries. This review includes the history of the problem, a brief description of the signs of poisoning, the research to identify the chemical toxins, and current management practices on prevention of poisonings. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500003 PM 10091125 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Panter, KE Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR Molyneux, RJ Pfister, JA AF Stegelmeier, BL James, LF Panter, KE Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR Molyneux, RJ Pfister, JA TI The pathogenesis and toxicokinetics of locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) poisoning in livestock SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID NEURONAL STORAGE DISEASE; ALPHA-MANNOSIDOSIS; PHASE-I; SWAINSONINE; SHEEP; CATTLE; INHIBITOR; GLYCOPROTEINS; LENTIGINOSUS; GROWTH AB Locoweed poisoning is a chronic disease that develops in livestock grazing for several weeks on certain Astragalus and Oxytropis spp. that contain the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. The purpose of this review is to present recent research on swainsonine toxicokinetics and locoweed-induced clinical and histologic lesions. Swainsonine inihibits cellular mannosidases resulting in lysosomal storage disease similar to genetic mannosidosis. Diagnosis of clinical poisoning is generally made by documenting exposure, identifying the neurologic signs, and analyzing serum for cr-mannosidase activity and swainsonine. All tissues of poisoned animals contained swainsonine, and the clearance rates from most tissues was about 20 hours (T1/2 half life). The liver and kidney had longer rate of about 60 hours (T1/2). This suggests that poisoned animals should be allowed a 28-day withdrawal to insure complete swainsonine clearance. Poisoning results in vacuolation of most tissues that is most obvious in neurons and epithelial cells. Most of these histologic lesions resolved shortly after poisoning is discontinued; however, some neurologic changes are irreversible and permanent. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 96610 USA. NR 81 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500004 PM 10091126 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH James, LF AF Ralphs, MH James, LF TI Locoweed grazing SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID PHENOLOGICAL GROWTH STAGE; WHITE LOCOWEED; NEW-MEXICO; CATTLE; PREFERENCE; PRESSURE AB Locoweed is the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the western U.S. Eleven species of Astragalus and Oxytropis (and many varieties within these species) cause locoism. Many locoweed species are endemic and are restricted to a narrow niche or habitat. Other locoweed species experience extreme population cycles; the population explodes in wet years and dies off in drought. A few species, such as O. sericea, are relatively stable and cause persistent poisoning problems. Knowledge of where locoweeds grow and the environmental conditions when they become a threat is important to manage livestock and avoid poisoning. Locoweeds are relatively palatable. Many locoweeds are the first plants to begin growth in the spring and regrow in the fall. Livestock generally prefer the green-growing locoweeds to other forage that is dormant in the late fall, winter, and spring. The most effective management stratgegy is to deny livestock access to locoweeds during critical periods when they are more palatable than the associated forage. Herbicides can control existing locoweed populations acid provide "safe" pastures for critical periods. However, locoweed seed in soil will germinate and re-establish when environmental conditions are favorable. Good range management and wise grazing strategies can provide adequate forage for livestock and prevent them from grazing locoweed during non-critical periods of the year when it is relatively less palatable than associated forages. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM mralphs@cc.usu.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500005 PM 10091127 ER PT J AU Panter, KE James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA AF Panter, KE James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA TI Locoweeds: Effects on reproduction in livestock SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; SWAINSONINE; SHEEP; INHIBITOR; LESIONS; DISEASE; CALVES; CATTLE AB Locoweeds (species of Oxytropis and Astragalus containing the toxin swainsonine) cause severe adverse effects on reproductive function in livestock. All aspects of reproduction can be affected: mating behavior and libido in males; estrus in females; abortion/embryonic loss of the fetus; and behavioral retardation of offspring. While much research has been done to describe and histologically characterize these effects, we have only begun to understand the magnitude of the problem, to define the mechanisms involved, or to develop strategies to prevent losses. Recent research has described the effects of locoweed ingestion in cycling cows and ewes. Briefly, feeding trials with locoweeds in cycling and pregnant cows have demonstrated ovarian dysfunction in a dose-dependent pattern, delayed estrus, extended estrous cycle length during the follicular and luteal phases, delayed conception (repeat breeders), and hydrops and abortion. Similar effects were observed in sheep. In rams, locoweed consumption altered breeding behavior, changed libido, and inhibited normal spermatogenesis. Neurological dysfunction also inhibited normal reproductive behavior, and some of these effects were permanent and progressive. In this article we briefly review the pathophysiological effects of locoweeds on reproduction. C1 Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kpanter@cc.usu.edu NR 49 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500006 PM 10091128 ER PT J AU James, LF AF James, LF TI Teratological research at the USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID LOCOWEED ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM; HEART-FAILURE; CATTLE; LAMBS; INGESTION; FETAL; SHEEP AB Research on teratogenic plants started at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory in the mid 1950s when Dr. Wayne Binns, Director of the laboratory, was asked to investigate the cause of a cyclopian facial/skeletal birth defect in lambs. Dr. Lynn F. James joined the staff shortly after. These two people worked as a team wherein most planning was done jointly with Binns supervising most of the laboratory work and James the field studies. It was determined that when pregnant ewes grazed Veratrum californicum on day 14 of gestation a significant number of lambs had the cyclopic defect. Skeletal and cleft palate birth defects in calves was associated with pregnant cows grazing certain lupine species during 40-70 days of gestation. Shortly thereafter research work was initiated on locoweed which caused abortions, wasting, right heart failure, skeletal birth defects, and fetal right heart failure. Dr. Richard F. Keeler, a chemist who joined the staff in the early 1960s, isolated and character-ized the teratogens in V. californicum as the steroidal alkaloids cyclopamine, jervine, and cycloposine. He also described the teratogen in lupines as the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine and the piperidine alkaloid ammodendrine. Drs. Russell Molyneux and James identified the toxin in locoweed as the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. In 1974 the editor of Nutrition Today (Vols. 9 and 4) wrote "The idea that birth defects occurring in humans may be in some way related to diet is not widely held..." Dr. Lynn James pointed out in this issue that such defects in animals can be produced with absolute predictability and regularity by foods ordinarily beneficial to livestock. Management strategies have been developed to prevent or minimize the economic impact of the cyclopian lamb and the crooked calf condition on livestock producers and well on the way to doing the same with locoweed. It is of interest to note that livestock research on Veratrum, lupines and locoweed and toxins therefrom are now significant research tools for specific human health problems. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 63 EP 80 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500007 PM 10091129 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Panter, KE Manners, GD Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL Schoch, TK AF Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Panter, KE Manners, GD Ralphs, MH Stegelmeier, BL Schoch, TK TI Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning in livestock SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-BUNGAROTOXIN BINDING; GRAZING TALL LARKSPUR; NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; TOXIC ALKALOIDS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; INFESTED RANGELAND; LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; CATTLE; METHYLLYCACONITINE; BARBEYI AB Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are toxic plants that contain numerous diterpenoid alkaloids which occur as one of two structural types: (1) lycotonine, and (2) 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL-type). Among the lycoctonine type alkaloids are three N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL-type) alkaloids which appear to be most toxic: methyllycaconitine (MLA), 14-deacetylnudicauline (DAN), and nudicauline. An ester function at C-18 is an important structural requirement for toxicity. Intoxication results from neuromuscular paralysis, as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the muscle and brain are blocked by toxic alkaloids. Clinical signs include labored breathing, rapid and irregular heartbeat, muscular weakness, and collapse. Toxic alkaloid concentration generally declines in tall larkspurs with maturation, but alkaloid concentration varies over years and from plant to plant, and is of little use for predicting consumption by cattle. Knowledge of toxic alkaloid concentration is valuable for management purposes when cattle begin to eat larkspur. Cattle generally begin consuming tall larkspur after flowering racemes are elongated, and consumption increases as larkspur matures. Weather is also a major factor in cattle consumption, as cattle tend to eat more larkspur during or just after summer storms. Management options that may be useful for livestock producers include conditioning cattle to avoid larkspur (food aversion learning), grazing tall larkspur ranges before flowering (early grazing) and after seed shatter (late grazing), grazing sheep before cattle, herbicidal control of larkspur plants, and drug therapy for intoxicated animals. Some potentially fruitful research avenues include examining alkaloid chemistry in low and plains larkspurs, developing immunologic methods for analyzing larkspur alkaloids, developing drug therapy, and devising grazing regimes specifically for low and plains larkspur. C1 ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jpfister@cc.usu.edu NR 76 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 11 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500008 PM 10091130 ER PT J AU Stegelmeier, BL Edgar, JA Colegate, SM Gardner, DR Schoch, TK Coulombe, RA Molyneux, RJ AF Stegelmeier, BL Edgar, JA Colegate, SM Gardner, DR Schoch, TK Coulombe, RA Molyneux, RJ TI Pyrrolizidine alkaloid plants, metabolism and toxicity SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Review ID VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PLANTAGINEUM PATERSON CURSE; GROUNDSEL SENECIO-RIDDELLII; JACOBAEA TANSY RAGWORT; SYMPHYTUM-OFFICINALE L; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; ECHIUM-PLANTAGINEUM; HERBAL TEA; RAT-LIVER AB More than 350 PAs have been identified in over 6,000 plants in the Boraginaceae, Compositae, and Leguminosae families (Table 1). About half of the identified PAs are toxic and several have been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. PA-containing plants have worldwide distribution, and they probably are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. In many locations, PA-containing plants are introduced species that are considered invasive, noxious weeds. Both native and introduced PA-containing plants often infest open ranges and fields, replacing nutritious plants. Many are not palatable and livestock avoid eating them if other forages are available. However, as they invade fields or crops, plant parts or seeds can contaminate prepared feeds and grains which are then readily eaten by many animals. Human poisonings most often are a result of food contamination or when PA-containing plants are used for medicinal purposes. This is a review of current information on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms of PA toxicity. Additional discussion includes current and future research objectives with an emphasis on the development of better diagnostics, pyrrole kinetics, and the effects of low dose PA exposure. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. CSIRO, Div Anim Hlth, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bsteg@cc.usu.edu RI Coulombe, Roger/G-7523-2012 NR 155 TC 175 Z9 183 U1 7 U2 59 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 95 EP 116 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500009 PM 10091131 ER PT J AU Panter, KE James, LF Gardner, DR AF Panter, KE James, LF Gardner, DR TI Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: Toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; CONIUM-MACULATUM; MATERNAL INGESTION; QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; NEWBORN PIGS; CLEFT-PALATE; TOBACCO; GLAUCA; CATTLE; ARGENTEUS AB Many species of lupines contain quinolizidine or piperidine alkaloids known to be toxic or teratogenic to livestock. Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum) and Nicotiana spp. including N. tabacum and N. glauca contain toxic and teratogenic piperidine alkaloids. The toxic and teratogenic effects from these plant species have distinct similarities including maternal muscular weakness and ataxia and fetal contracture-type skeletal defects and cleft palate. It is believed that the mechanism of action of the piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid-induced teratogenesis is the same; however, there are some differences in incidence, susceptible gestational periods, and severity between livestock species. Wildlife species have also been poisoned after eating poison-hemlock but no terata have been reported. The most widespread problem for livestock producers in recent times has been lupine-induced "crooked calf disease." Crooked calf disease is characterized as skeletal contracture-type malformations and occasional cleft palate in calves after maternal ingestion of lupines containing the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine during gestation days 40-100. Similar malformations have been induced in cattle and goats with lupines containing the piperidine alkaloids ammodendrine, N-methyl ammodendrine, and N-acetyl hystrine and in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs with poison-hemlock containing predominantly coniine or gamma-coniceine and N. glauca containing anabasine. Toxic and teratogenic effects have been linked to structural aspects of these alkaloids, and the mechanism of action is believed to be associated with an alkaloid-induced inhibition of fetal movement during specific gestational periods. This review presents a historical perspective, description and distribution of lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp., toxic and teratogenic effects and management information to reduce losses. C1 Agr Res Serv, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 87 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 21 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 117 EP 134 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 176QE UT WOS:000079162500010 PM 10091132 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Chen, HL Vogel, S Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Lammi-Keefe, CJ AF Tucker, KL Chen, HL Vogel, S Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Lammi-Keefe, CJ TI Carotenoid intakes, assessed by dietary questionnaire, are associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations in an elderly population SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; dietary questionnaire; humans; plasma; phytochemicals ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS; BETA-CAROTENE; COMPOSITION DATABASE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; VITAMIN-A; SERUM; WOMEN; RETINOL AB High intakes of fruits and vegetables and of carotenoids are associated with a lower risk for a variety of chronic diseases. It is therefore important to test the validity of dietary questionnaires that assess these intakes. We compared intakes of five carotenoids, as calculated from responses to the Willett 126-item food-frequency questionnaire, with corresponding biochemical measures. Subjects included 346 women and 201 men, aged 67-93 y, in the Framingham Heart Study. Unadjusted correlations were higher among women than men as follows: alpha-carotene 0.33 and 0.18, beta-carotene, 0.36 and 0.25; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.44 and 0.32; lycopene, 0.35 and 0.21; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.27 and 0.10, respectively. Adjustment for age, energy intake, body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), plasma cholesterol concentrations and smoking reduced the gender differences, respectively, to the following: alpha-carotene 0.30 and 0.28; beta-carotene, 0.34 and 0.31; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.45 and 0.36; lycopene, 0.38 and 0.31; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.24 and 0.14. Plots of adjusted mean plasma carotenoid concentration by quintile of respective carotenoid intake show apparent greater responsiveness among women, compared with men, to dietary intake of alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, but similar blood-diet relationships for lycopene and lutein + zeaxanthin. Reported daily intake of fruits and vegetables correlated most strongly with plasma beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene among women and with plasma alpha- and beta-carotene among men. With the exception of lutein + zeaxanthin, this dietary questionnaire does provide reasonable rankings of carotenoid status among elderly subjects, with the strongest correlations for beta-cryptoxanthin, Appropriate adjustment of confounders is necessary to clarify these associations among men. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR/AG 41398] NR 34 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 129 IS 2 BP 438 EP 445 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 166YB UT WOS:000078604600017 PM 10024624 ER PT J AU Carlson, SJ Andrews, MS Bickel, GW AF Carlson, SJ Andrews, MS Bickel, GW TI Measuring food insecurity and hunger in the United States: Development of a national benchmark measure and prevalence estimates SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembly and Physiology of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins - Its Not Just for Heart Disease Anymore, as part of Experimental Biology 98 CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRNACISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Energy & Macronutrient Res Interest Sect, Egg Nutr Ctr, Amer Heart Assoc, W States Affiliate, Merck Res Labs, Bristol Meyers Squibb Pharmaceut Res Inst, Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res DE US hunger prevalence; US hunger measurement; US food security; food-security scale; Rasch measurement ID IDENTIFICATION AB Since 1992, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) has led a collaborative effort to develop a comprehensive benchmark measure of the severity and prevalence of food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Based on prior research and wide consultation, a survey instrument specifically relevant to U.S. conditions was designed and tested. Through its Current Population Survey (CPS), the U.S. Bureau of the Census has fielded this instrument each year since 1995. A measurement scale was derived from the data through fitting, testing and validating a Rasch scale. The unidimensional Rasch model corresponds to the form of the phenomenon being measured, i.e., the severity of food insufficiency due to inadequate resources as directly experienced and reported in U.S. households. A categorical measure reflecting designated ranges of severity on the scale was constructed for consistent comparison of prevalence estimates over time and across population groups. The technical basis and initial results of the new measure were reported in September 1997. For the 12 months ending April 1995, an estimated 11.9% of U.S. households (35 million persons) were food insecure. Among these, 4.1% of households (with 6.9 million adults and 4.3 million children) showed a recurring pattern of hunger due to inadequate resources for one or more of their adult and/or child members sometime during the period. The new measure has been incorporated into other federal surveys and is being used by researchers throughout the U.S. and Canada. C1 USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. USDA, Food & Rural Econ Div, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bickel, GW (reprint author), USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 42 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP 510S EP 516S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 167YP UT WOS:000078662900015 PM 10064320 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB AF Stephensen, CB TI Burden of infection on growth failure SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembly and Physiology of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins - Its Not Just for Heart Disease Anymore, as part of Experimental Biology 98 CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRNACISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Energy & Macronutrient Res Interest Sect, Egg Nutr Ctr, Amer Heart Assoc, W States Affiliate, Merck Res Labs, Bristol Meyers Squibb Pharmaceut Res Inst, Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res DE infection; diarrhea; pneumonia; inflammation; acute phase response; linear growth; stunting ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; VITAMIN-A STATUS; BONE-GROWTH; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; MALNUTRITION; ILLNESSES; MEASLES; DISEASE AB The high prevalence of infections among children living in poor areas of developing countries impairs linear growth in these populations. Acute, invasive infections, which provoke a systemic response (e.g., dysentery and pneumonia), and chronic infections, which affect the host over a sustained period (e.g., gut helminth infections), have a substantial effect on linear growth. Such infections can diminish linear growth by affecting nutritional status. This occurs because infections may decrease food intake, impair nutrient absorption, cause direct nutrient losses, increase metabolic requirements or catabolic losses of nutrients and, possibly, impair transport of nutrients to target tissues. In addition, induction of the acute phase response and production of proinflammatory cytokines may directly affect the process of bone remodeling that is required for long bone growth. Infection of cells directly involved in bone remodeling (osteoclasts or osteoblasts) by specific viruses may also directly affect linear growth. Many interventions are possible to diminish the effect of infection on growth. Prevention of disease through sanitation, vector control, promotion of breast-feeding and vaccination is crucial. Appropriate treatment of infections (e.g., antibiotics for pneumonia) as well as supportive nutritional therapy (again including breast-feeding) during and after recovery, is also important. Targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease the prevalence of gut helminth infections may also be appropriate in areas in which such infections are widespread. Such interventions are of public health benefit not only because they reduce the incidence or severity of infections, but also because they decrease the long-term detrimental effect of malnutrition on populations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 129 IS 2 SU S BP 534S EP 538S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 167YP UT WOS:000078662900021 PM 10064326 ER PT J AU Jarvinen, JA Dubey, JP Althouse, GC AF Jarvinen, JA Dubey, JP Althouse, GC TI Clinical and serologic evaluation of two llamas (Lama glama) infected with Toxoplasma gondii during gestation SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOCYSTS; CATS AB Two pregnant Ilamas (Lama glarna) infected with Toxoplasma gondii and their offspring were evaluated clinically and serologically. Llama 1 was inoculated orally with I,000 infective oocysts of the P89 strain of T. gondii at 82 days of gestation (DOG). Llama 2 became naturally infected with T. gondii between 26 and 119 DOG. Both Ilamas remained clinically normal and delivered healthy offspring. Sera collected from both Ilamas during pregnancy and from their offspring before and after colostral ingestion were evaluated for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), indirect hemagglutination test (MAT), and the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT). In Ilama I, MAT antibody titers were <1:20, 1:320, 1:1,280, 1:640, and 1:80 at 82, 97, 109, 132, and 152 DOG, respectively. The MAT titers In naturally infected Ilama 2 were <1:32, 1:320-1:640, and 1:1,280 at 26, 119-200, and 346 DOG, respectively. In both Ilamas, antibody titers in the DT were of similar magnitude as the MAT, but titers in the LAT and MAT were inconsistent. Antibodies to T. gondii were not detected in precolostral sera obtained from offspring of both Ilamas suggesting there was no fetal T. gondii infection. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, BARC E, LPSI, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jarvinen, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 85 IS 1 BP 142 EP 144 DI 10.2307/3285721 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 170LB UT WOS:000078806200030 PM 10207383 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Wen, JP AF Abrams, SA Wen, JP TI Methodologies for using stable isotopes to assess magnesium absorption and secretion in children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE magnesium absorption; stable isotopes; mass spectrometry; minerals ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; BALANCE; BIOAVAILABILITY; METABOLISM; TRACERS; EXCRETION; KINETICS AB Objective: To provide methodological information regarding the absorption and excretion of dietary magnesium by children and adolescents. Methods: Recently, stable isotope techniques for assessing magnesium absorption and excretion have been developed which allow for these studies to be safely performed in subjects-of all ages. In the report, we describe the dosing and sample requirements for such studies. Results: Our data demonstrate that, after oral and intravenous dosing of isotopes, a complete 72-hour urine collection will allow for determination of fractional magnesium absorption. In our study, urinary, but not endogenous fecal magnesium excretion, was closely correlated with magnesium intake (r = 0.47, p = 0.02 vs r = 0.08, p = 0.69). As endogenous fecal magnesium excretion is small relative to urinary magnesium excretion, measurement of endogenous fecal magnesium excretion is not needed to make a reasonable estimate of net magnesium retention for most studies. Using high-precision analytical techniques, an intravenous dose of Mg-25 of approximately 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg would be adequate for absorption measurements. Conclusions: The cost and availability of isotopes and their analysis are such that it should be feasible for increasing numbers of investigators to make use of these techniques. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 167JT UT WOS:000078629700006 PM 10067656 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG TI Dietary fructose but not starch is responsible for hyperlipidemia associated with copper deficiency in rats: Effect of high-fat diet SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; starch; fructose; high-fat; cholesterol; triglycerides ID HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CARBOHYDRATE; ZINC AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that copper deficiency in rats may be hyperlipidemic only when the diets consumed contain nutrients which contribute to blood lipids such as fructose and high fat. Methods: Weanling male Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets which contained either starch or fructose as their sole carbohydrate source. The diets were either inadequate (0.6 mu g Cu/g) or adequate (6.0 mu g Cu/g) in copper and contained either high (300 g/kg) or low (60 g/kg) fat. At the end of the 4th week the rats were killed. Livers were analyzed for copper content. Plasma was analyzed for cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Results: High-fat diet did not increase blood lipids in rats fed a copper-deficient diet containing starch. In contrast, the combination of high-fat diet with fructose increased blood triglycerides and fructose with copper deficiency resulted in a significant increases in blood cholesterol. Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia of copper deficiency in rats is dependent on synergistic effects between dietary fructose and copper deficiency and fructose and amount of dietary fat. Hyperlipidemia does not develop if starch is the main source of dietary carbohydrate in a copper-deficient diet even if a high-fat diet is fed. C1 USDA, BHNRC, ARS, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA, BHNRC, ARS, NRFL, Bldg 307,Rm 330,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 167JT UT WOS:000078629700013 PM 10067663 ER PT J AU Kopp-Hoolihan, LE Van Loan, MD Mentzer, WC Heyman, MB AF Kopp-Hoolihan, LE Van Loan, MD Mentzer, WC Heyman, MB TI Elevated resting energy expenditure in adolescents with sickle cell anemia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY PROTEIN-TURNOVER; METABOLIC-RATE; NONOBESE ADOLESCENTS; DISEASE; CHILDREN; OBESE; DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; WATER AB Objective To assess the reliability of standard prediction equations in estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) values in adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Subjects/design Body composition and metabolic measurements were performed in 8 adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years, with homozygous sickle cell anemia. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry under standard conditions, and measurements were compared with 4 prediction formulas (Harris-Benedict, Schofield, Mayo Clinic, and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University). Fat-free mass was measured to assess REE per unit of actively metabolizing tissue. Fat-free mass was expressed as a mean of values obtained by densitometry, deuterium dilution, K-40-counting, and total body electrical conductivity. Statistical analyses Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to determine whether measured REE values and predicted values differed. The Fischer test was used to identify which predicted values differed significantly from the measured REE. Results All 4 prediction formulas significantly underestimated REE. Group mean values for the prediction formulas ranged from 83% to 89% of the measured value. REE averaged 47.7+/-10.0 kcal/kg fat-fret mass per day, which is 30% to 50% higher than reported values in healthy adolescent populations. Conclusions These data suggest that REE is elevated in adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Standard equations used to predict REE are unreliable in these patients. Applications REE in patients with sickle cell anemia is best determined by indirect or direct measurement of energy expenditure. Clinically useful formulas to estimate REE should be developed for patients with conditions, including sickle cell anemia, where the metabolic rate may be altered. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Dairy Council Calif, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. No Calif Sickle Cell Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Heyman, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD07397] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 99 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00047-4 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 162UF UT WOS:000078364600013 PM 9972187 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Deiss, J Bailey, DG AF Mozersky, SM Deiss, J Bailey, DG TI Viscometric assay of the protease activity of bate and drum liquor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A viscometric procedure has been developed for the assay of general (non-specific) proteolytic activity, in particular the proteolytic activity of bate in the drum during the course of the bating operation. The basic features of the assay procedure are as follows: (1) a commercially available gelatin is used as substrate, (2) a clarified sample of drum liquor is added, (3) the resulting mixture is incubated at 40 degrees C for 20 min or 60 min, (4) enzymatic activity is terminated with a stop reagent, and (5) the viscosity of the resulting solution is measured at 40 degrees C. Any one of a variety of instruments may be used to measure the viscosity, including a simple glass viscometer of the Cannon-Fenske type. The dependence of the measured viscosity on the concentration of proteolytic enzyme is well described by a double exponential decay curve. Numerous samples can be run simultaneously (with staggering). C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Shenandoah Univ, Dept Chem, Winchester, VA USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB-MAR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 2 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 173EM UT WOS:000078968300002 ER PT J AU Brown, EM AF Brown, EM TI Effects of neutral salts on collagen structure and chromium-collagen interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; STABILITY AB Tanning, the multi-step process whereby complex salts of Cr(III) crosslink collagen fibrils, is more an art form than a science and the mechanism of the chromium-collagen interaction is poorly understood. The long range goal of this research is to develop an experimental model with which to study the interactions of Cr(III) with collagen that are characteristic of tanning. In the present study, the thermal stability of acid soluble collagen from bovine skin is studied by circular dichroism spectropolarimetry. The melting curve for the triple helix of calf skin collagen in 0.05 M acetic acid was analyzed in terms of a pre-transition followed by complete denaturation, with a characteristic Tp = 34.0 degrees C and Td = 40.7 degrees C. For pepsin solubilized, adult bovine dermal collagen, slightly lower denaturation temperatures were observed - Tp = 31.0 degrees C, Td = 37.7 degrees C probably due to the removal of the nonhelical telopeptides in the solubilization of adult skin collagen. The addition of salts, NaCl or KCl, initially had a destabilizing effect on the triple helix, lowering both Tp and Td nearly in parallel. At low concentrations of NaCl, preferential binding occurred with apparent dissociation constants Kd(Tp) = 0.034 M and Kd(Td)= 0.017 M for calf skin collagen at 1 mg/mL in 0.05 M acetic acid, suggesting the possibility of site preferential interactions contributing to the observed melting behavior. As the salt concentration was increased between 0.1 M and 0.5 M, little further destabilization was observed, but Tp and Td became indistinguishable. At 0.4 M NaCl (0.5 M KCl) the samples began to gel. Here, water-structuring effects may play a role. In contrast, under conditions of the model tanning system, where Cr(III) was added at pH 2 and the pH was then adjusted to 4.5 with bicarbonate, the 'tanned' collagen gelled at a salt concentration of 0.1 M. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB-MAR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 2 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 173EM UT WOS:000078968300003 ER PT J AU An, WD Hong, JK Pintauro, PN Warner, K Neff, W AF An, WD Hong, JK Pintauro, PN Warner, K Neff, W TI The electrochemical hydrogenation of edible oils in a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. II. Hydrogenation selectivity studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bimetallic catalyst; electrochemical hydrogenation; fatty acid selectivity; membrane electrode assembly; Pd-black catalyst; selective hydrogenation; solid polymer electrolyte; soybean oil; specific isomerization selectivity; trans fatty acid isomers ID SOYBEAN OIL; PALLADIUM; CATALYSTS AB Soybean oil has been hydrogenated electrochemically in a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactor at 60 degrees C and 1 atm pressure. These experiments focused on identifying cathode designs and reactor operation conditions that improved fatty acid hydrogenation selectivities. Increasing oil mass transfer into and out of the Pd-black cathode catalyst layer (by increasing the porosity of the cathode carbon paper/cloth backing material, increasing the oil feed flow rate, and inserting a turbulence promoter into the oil feed flow channel) decreased the concentrations of stearic acid and linolenic acid in oil products [for example, an iodine value (IV) 98 oil contained 12.2% C-18:0 and 2.3% C-18:3]. When a second metal (Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ag, Cu, or Co) was electrodeposited on a Pd-black powder cathode, substantial increases in the linolenate, linoleate, and oleate selectivities were observed. For example, a Pd/Co cathode was used to synthesize an IV 113 soybean oil with 5.3% stearic acid and 2.3% linolenic acid. The trans isomer content of soybean oil products was in the range of 6-9.5% (corresponding to specific isomerization indices of 0.15-0.40, depending on the product IV) and did not increase significantly for high fatty acid hydrogenation selectivity conditions. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pintauro, PN (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s11746-999-0221-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174KQ UT WOS:000079034700010 ER PT J AU Ketcheson, GL Megahan, WF King, JG AF Ketcheson, GL Megahan, WF King, JG TI "R1-R4" and "BOISED" sediment prediction model tests using forest roads in granitics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment model; BOISED; erosion; sediment prediction; test ID IDAHO; ROADFILLS; EROSION AB Erosion and sedimentation data from research watersheds in the Silver Creek Study Area in central Idaho were used to test the prediction of logging road erosion using the R1-R4 sediment yield model, and sediment delivery using the "BOISED" sediment yield prediction model. Three small watersheds were instrumented and monitored such that erosion from newly constructed roads and sediment delivery to the mouths of the watersheds could be measured for four years following road construction. The errors for annual surface erosion predictions for the two standard road tests ranged from +31.2 t/ha/yr (+15 percent) to -30.3 t/ha/yr (-63 percent) with an average of zero t/ha/yr and a standard deviation of the differences of 18.7 t/ha/yr. The annual prediction errors for the three watershed scale tests had a greater range from -40.8 t/ha/yr (-70 percent) to +65.3 t/ha/yr (+38 percent) with a mean of -1.9 t/ha/yr and a standard deviation of the differences of 25.2 t/ha/yr. Sediment yields predicted by BOISED (watershed scale tests) were consistently greater (average of 2.5 times) than measured sediment yields. Hillslope sediment delivery coefficients in BOISED appear to be overly conservative to account for average site conditions and road locations, and thus over-predict sediment delivery. Mass erosion predictions from BOISED appear to predict volume well (465 tonnes actual versus 710 tonnes predicted, or a 35 percent difference) over 15 to 20 years, however mass wasting is more episodic than the model predicts. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Mt Baker Snoqualmie Natl Forest, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA. Natl Council Paper Ind Air & Stream Improvement, NCASI, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Ketcheson, GL (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Mt Baker Snoqualmie Natl Forest, 21905 64th Ave W, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA. EM r6pnw_mbs@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05454.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 179TM UT WOS:000079345200007 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Haan, CT Dutnell, RC AF Harmel, RD Haan, CT Dutnell, RC TI Evaluation of Rosgen's streambank erosion potential assessment in northeast Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Rosgen; stream classification; bank erosion; stream morphology AB In this study three components of the Rosgen Level III Stream Reach Condition Assessment were tested for their ability to predict short-term erosion rates. Rosgen's bank erosion potential (BEP) ratings and near bank stress (NBS) estimates and the Pfankuch channel stability ratings were evaluated. Thirty-six banks with a range of BEP ratings and NBS estimates were selected on the 101 km Upper Illinois River in northeast Oklahoma. The Upper Illinois River is a meandering, gravel-dominated, riffle/pool channel. Cumulative erosion data measured with bank pins after four 2.0 to 2.5-year return period flows from September 1996 to July 1997 were used in the analyses. When integrated as indicated in Rosgen (1996), the BEP indices and NBS estimates were poor predictors of bank erosion. Individually, the grouped BEP ratings and Pfankuch ratings performed relatively well compared to grouped NBS estimates in predicting erosion; however, the variability of erosion was large within each rating group. Linear regression between erosion and BEP numerical indices and Pfankuch scores was significant (alpha = 0.05), but variability was high (illustrated by low r(2) values). Regression between erosion and NBS estimates was not significant. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma Conservat Commiss, Oklahoma City, OK 73106 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05456.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 179TM UT WOS:000079345200009 ER PT J AU Edwards, DR Moore, PA Workman, SR Bushee, EL AF Edwards, DR Moore, PA Workman, SR Bushee, EL TI Runoff of metals from alum-treated horse manure and municipal sludge SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE manure; sludge; metals; runoff ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WATER-QUALITY; POULTRY LITTER; LAND APPLICATION; SOIL; NITROGEN; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISPOSAL; COPPER; IMPACT AB Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalloids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al-2(SO4)(3).(14H(2)O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and S, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and S, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Bushee, EL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM dedwards@bae.uky.edu NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05460.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 179TM UT WOS:000079345200013 ER PT J AU Troendle, CA Stednick, JD AF Troendle, CA Stednick, JD TI "Effects of basin scale timber harvest on water yield and peak streamflow," by Timothy A. Burton - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CREEK C1 USDA, FS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Watershed Sci Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Troendle, CA (reprint author), USDA, FS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rmrs@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05462.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 179TM UT WOS:000079345200015 ER PT J AU Fields, MJ Coffin, DP Gosz, JR AF Fields, MJ Coffin, DP Gosz, JR TI Burrowing activities of kangaroo rats and patterns in plant species dominance at a shortgrass steppe-desert grassland ecotone SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua; Chihuahuan desert; Dipodomys spectabilis; disturbance; dominant species; kangaroo rat ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; DISTURBANCE SIZE; BLUE GRAMA; NEW-MEXICO; LONG-TERM; MOUNDS; ASSEMBLAGES AB Our objective was to evaluate the effects of burrowing activities by banner-tail kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis Merriam) on plant community structure and species dominance for two patch types at the ecotone between shortgrass steppe and desert grassland in New Mexico, USA. 10 mounds produced by kangaroo rats were selected in patches dominated by Bouteloua gracilis (the dominant in shortgrass steppe communities) and 10 mounds were selected in patches dominated by B. eriopoda (the dominant in Chihuahuan desert grasslands). Plant cover and density by species were sampled from three locations associated with each mound: the mound proper, the edge of the mound in the transition area, and the off-mound vegetation. Similar cover of B, eriopoda for the edges of mounds in both patch types indicates the ability of this species to respond to animal disturbances regardless of the amount of cover in the surrounding undisturbed vegetation. By contrast, cover of B. gracilis was low for all mounds and mound edges in patches dominated by this species. Much higher cover of B. eriopoda on mound edges compared to the undisturbed vegetation in B. gracilis-dominated patches indicates that kangaroo rats have important positive effects on this species. Lower cover of perennial grasses and higher cover of forbs, shrubs, and succulents on the edges of mounds in B. eriopoda-dominated patches compared to patches dominated by B. gracilis indicate the importance of surrounding vegetation to plant responses on disturbed areas. Our results show that kangaroo rats have important effects on both species dominance and composition for different patch types, and may provide a mechanism for small-scale dominance patterns at an ecotone; thus providing further support for their role as keystone species in desert grasslands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Biol, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Coffin, DP (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept 3JER, Jornada Expt Range,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 51 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.2307/3237167 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 183ZA UT WOS:000079583800014 ER PT J AU DeHaven, WR AF DeHaven, WR TI Looking at the bigger picture SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP DeHaven, WR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 4700 River Rd,Unit 51, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 164XP UT WOS:000078489100008 ER PT J AU Cunningham, JJ Priddy, DC AF Cunningham, JJ Priddy, DC TI A low-cost chamber for rodent CO2 euthanasia SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. R&D Serv, Spring, TX USA. RP Cunningham, JJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 164XP UT WOS:000078489100012 ER PT J AU Lewandrowski, J Schimmelpfennig, D AF Lewandrowski, J Schimmelpfennig, D TI Economic implications of climate change for US agriculture: Assessing recent evidence SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID IMPACTS AB Recent studies estimate potential economic impacts of climate change on U.S. agriculture. While results are not directly comparable, several ''big picture'' lessons can be drawn. These broader findings are developed and put into a policy context. While the estimated impacts on U.S, agriculture, and the U.S. economy, do not yet justify costly adaptation or mitigation strategies, some regional and environmental impacts could be quite severe. Current policy efforts should focus on reducing climate change uncertainties and increasing farm sector flexibility. From a national perspective, Suture agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions could be partially met through adjustments of farm practices. (JEL Q11). C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Lewandrowski, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 75 IS 1 BP 39 EP 57 DI 10.2307/3146992 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188DB UT WOS:000079828900003 ER PT J AU Jatoi, A Daly, BDT Hughes, V Dallal, GE Roubenoff, R AF Jatoi, A Daly, BDT Hughes, V Dallal, GE Roubenoff, R TI The prognostic effect of increased resting energy expenditure prior to treatment for lung cancer SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; indirect calorimetry; lung cancer; metabolism ID BODY-COMPOSITION AB Objective: Increased resting energy expenditure (:REE) is thought to confer a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no study has validated this hypothesis to date. This study's objective was to examine the prognostic significance of REE in NSCLC. Methods: Seventeen patients with NSCLC (stages IA-IIIB) underwent measurement of REE with indirect calorimetry before the initiation of cancer treatment. Similar measurements were performed in 17 control subjects, each of whom was matched to a cancer patient by age (+/- 5 years), sex and body mass index (+/- 3 kg/m(2)). Patients were classified as hypermetabolic or hypometabolic based on a direct comparison of measured REE between cancer patients and their matched controls. After cancer treatment, these 17 patients were followed for evidence of metastatic disease for up to 32 months. Results: Six patients developed metastatic disease. The eight hypometabolic cancer patients had a significantly shorter mean disease-free survival compared to the nine hypermetabolic cancer patients: 19 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 12, 26) versus 29 months (95% CI 24, 34), respectively (P < 0.05 by log-rank test). In contrast, Cox regression showed no relationship between disease-free survival and differences in REE between cancer patients and their matched controls (P = 0.20). Conclusions: These results suggest that hypermetabolism may predict a longer disease-free survival in NSCLC patients. This finding differs From the prevailing hypothesis that hypometabolic patients with NSCLC survive longer, and deserves further investigation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Biostat Sect, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jatoi, A (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Med Oncol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [F32CA69742]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00054-36A1] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD FEB PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(99)00008-2 PG 6 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 183EH UT WOS:000079540700006 PM 10217619 ER PT J AU Paszek, AA Wilkie, PJ Flickinger, GH Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW Schook, LB AF Paszek, AA Wilkie, PJ Flickinger, GH Rohrer, GA Alexander, LJ Beattie, CW Schook, LB TI Interval mapping of growth in divergent swine cross SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE; PIGS; MAPS AB A genomic scan of 18 swine autosomal chromosomes was constructed with 119 polymorphic microsatellite (ms) markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 11 growth traits in the University of Illinois Meishan x Yorkshire Swine Resource Family. A significant QTL effect was found for post-weaning average daily gain (ADG) between 5.5 and 56 kg of body weight that mapped between markers SW373 and SW1301 near the telomere of Chromosome (Chr) 1 q (SSC1). This QTL effect had a nominal (pointwise) p-value of 0.000007, a genome wide p-value of 0.012, and accounted for 26% of the F-2 phenotypic variance. The same chromosome region also had significant effects on ADG between birth and 56 kg body weight (p-value =.000227), and on ADG between 35 and 56 kg (p-value =.00077). These observations suggest that a significant QTL for post-weaning growth resides on SSC1. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Food Anim Biotechnol Ctr,Program Comparat Genom, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schook, LB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Food Anim Biotechnol Ctr,Program Comparat Genom, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Schook, Lawrence/0000-0002-6580-8364 NR 25 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s003359900955 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 163BQ UT WOS:000078382700007 PM 9922390 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW Beattie, CW Smith, TPL Kappes, SM AF Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW Beattie, CW Smith, TPL Kappes, SM TI Identification and genetic mapping of bovine chemokine genes expressed in epithelial cells SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BINDING-PROTEIN GC; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIV-1 INFECTION; MESSENGER-RNA; LINKAGE MAP; DNA; POLYMORPHISM AB RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed (RAP)-PCR was used to identify two bovine genes that were differentially expressed in epithelial cells during an inflammatory response. RNA fingerprints revealed two differentially amplified transcripts when monolayers of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were stimulated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with cycloheximide (CX). Sequence analysis showed that both transcripts encoded members of the alpha C-X-C chemokine family; one was interleukin 8 (IL-8), and the other was a protein closely related to bovine growth-regulated protein (GRO)-gamma (89% identical). The latter putative epithelial cell inflammatory protein was designated ECIP-1. IL-8 and ECIP-I genes were placed on the cattle genetic map with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers amplified from genomic DNA. Multi-point linkage analysis indicated that the gene locations were indistinguishable from those of serum albumin (ALB) and vitamin D-binding protein (GC) on bovine Chromosome (BTA) 6. In humans, ALE and GC are located near IL-8, GRO-gamma, and seven other alpha chemokines on Chr 4 (HSA 4q 11-4q13), suggesting that this gene cluster has been conserved on BTA6. These results provide a starting point for characterizing allelic variation in chemokine genes and their role in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s003359900957 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 163BQ UT WOS:000078382700009 PM 9922392 ER PT J AU Fields, M Lewis, CG AF Fields, M Lewis, CG TI Cholesterol-lowering nature of unsaturated fat in rats may be due to its inability to increase hepatic iron SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS; DIETARY IRON; COA DESATURASE; HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; ABSORPTION; ACID; REDUCTION; FRUCTOSE; PLASMA AB The present investigation was conducted to determine whether the cholesterol-raising properties of saturated fat and cholesterol-lowering properties of unsaturated fat are associated with levels of hepatic iron. The magnitude of hepatic iron retention was manipulated by feeding rats diets that were either copper-deficient or -adequate, iron-adequate or -supplemented, and contained either beef tallow or corn oil. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight dietary groups according to the type of dietary fat (beef tallow or corn oil) and level of dietary copper (0.74 or 6.9 mu g Cu/g diet) or iron (44.4 or 86.7 mu g Fe/g diet). Beef tallow and copper deficiency alone increased hepatic iron levels, which in turn were associated with increased plasma cholesterol. When the three dietary factors were combined, ie, iron, beef tallow, and copper deficiency, they induced the highest magnitude of hepatic iron retention, which in turn was associated with the highest concentration of plasma cholesterol, In contrast, when hepatic iron retention was not increased, such as by feeding a diet containing corn oil or by consumption of a copper-adequate diet, plasma cholesterol was not elevated. Based on these data, it is suggested that nutrients that have the ability to increase hepatic iron have the potential to increase plasma cholesterol. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, BARC E, Bldg 307,Room 330, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 48 IS 2 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(99)90034-3 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166HR UT WOS:000078570600011 PM 10024082 ER PT J AU Chan, KM Andres, LP Polykovskaya, Y Brown, WF AF Chan, KM Andres, LP Polykovskaya, Y Brown, WF TI The effects of training through high-frequency electrical stimulation on the physiological properties of single human thenar motor units SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Peripheral-Nerve-Society CY JUL, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Peripheral Nerve Soc DE human; motor units; muscle contraction; electrophysiology; training ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AXON STIMULATION; STRENGTH; ADAPTATIONS; CONTRACTIONS; HYPERTROPHY; RECRUITMENT; VOLUNTARY; FORCE AB The relative impact of training on motor units (MUs) with differing physiological characteristics remains controversial. To examine this issue, we longitudinally tracked the contractile and electrical characteristics of six human thenar MUs in 2 young healthy subjects before, during, and following an intermittent, high-frequency electrical stimulation program. Responses of MUs with differing baseline physiological characteristics varied widely. While the twitch and maximal tetanic tensions of the slower and fatigue-resistant MUs increased, tensions of the faster and more fatigable MUs declined. The fatigue resistance of the faster and more fatigable MUs, on the other hand, increased while that of the slower MUs remained unchanged. Although electrical stimulation of individual MUs allowed their training to be precisely controlled, it will be of practical importance to determine whether similar divergent MU contractile changes also occur with voluntary training. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 New England Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chan, KM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 513, Div Neurosci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD FEB PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199902)22:2<186::AID-MUS6>3.0.CO;2-I PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 163BR UT WOS:000078382800006 PM 10024131 ER PT J AU Yates, IE Hiett, KL Kapczynski, DR Smart, W Glenn, AE Hinton, DM Bacon, CW Meinersmann, R Liu, S Jaworski, AJ AF Yates, IE Hiett, KL Kapczynski, DR Smart, W Glenn, AE Hinton, DM Bacon, CW Meinersmann, R Liu, S Jaworski, AJ TI GUS transformation of the maize fungal endophyte Fusarium moniliforme SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; ROOT COLONIZATION; PROMOTER ACTIVITY; CORN; OXYSPORUM; GENE; RESISTANCE; PATHOGEN; STRAINS; ASSAY AB Visual markers detectable by histochemical staining have been developed for analysing the time course and tissue specificity of maize infections by Fusarium moniliforme. Three F. moniliforme strains, RRC 374, MRC 826 and RRC PAT, were transformed with a plasmid, pHPG, containing the gusA reporter gene which codes for P-glucuronidase (GUS) and the hph gene for hygromycin resistance as the selectable marker. Introduction of plasmid DNA into germinating conidia yielded 1.2 x 10(-7) transformants per conidium; expression of both gusA and hph was however, transient. Stable transformants were obtained using protoplasts as the recipient but transformation frequency was reduced. Southern blot and PCR analyses confirmed incorporation of pHPG into the genome of all three F. moniliforme strains with gusA properly inserted in MRC 826 and RRC PAT, but apparently disrupted in RRC 374. The growth pattern for transformed F. moniliforme isolates and the parental wild types followed a sigmoid curve on minimal and enriched media. Hygromycin totally inhibited growth for wild type isolates, but not of transformants. Transformed isolates maintained the ability to infect the maize plant. Thus, this study is the first report of F. moniliforme transformed with a visibly detectable reporter gene to use for analysing this endophyte-host interaction of world-wide importance to animal and human health. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30501 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Yates, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1017/S0953756298006911 PN 2 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 176YZ UT WOS:000079181200001 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Hiremath, ST Podila, GK AF Kim, SJ Hiremath, ST Podila, GK TI Cloning and identification of symbiosis-regulated genes from the ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; POLYPEPTIDES; COLONIZATION; DISPLAY; RNA AB An in vitro conifer ectomycorrhizal model system was developed to study changes in gene expression during the establishment of symbiotic relationship. Using the model system and the mRNA differential display technique, we have identified cDNA clones from Laccaria bicolor that appear to be involved in establishing and maintaining the symbiotic relationship between L. bicolor and red pine. These differentially expressed cDNA clones were obtained from mRNA extracted hom the fungus 6-24 h after initiation of interaction. BLAST analysis showed that sequences of these clones did not match with any of the previously characterized genes. The cDNAs had regions with varying degrees of similarity to genes involved in signal transduction and transcriptional activation. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Podila, GK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1400 Townsend, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1017/S0953756298006881 PN 2 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 176YZ UT WOS:000079181200007 ER PT J AU Meng, XQ Shoemaker, RC Yang, XB AF Meng, XQ Shoemaker, RC Yang, XB TI Analysis of pathogenicity and genetic variation among Phytophthora sojae isolates using RAPD SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID F-SP GLYCINEA; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; AVIRULENCE GENES; SOYBEAN FIELDS; DNA MARKER; RACES; INHERITANCE; MEGASPERMA; LINKAGE; FUNGI AB Fifty-five Phytophthora sojae isolates were collected from soil samples and diseased soybean plants from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota in 1994 and 1995. Races for the isolates were determined. DNA of P. sojae isolates was amplified with 16 Operon decanucleotide primers. Twenty-three of 75 amplified fragments were polymorphic. Based on the 23 RAPD markers, a dendrogram depicting the relatedness of the isolates was constructed using UFGMA. The P. sojae isolates clustered into four distinct groups. The isolates of races 3, 4 and 25 clustered into group I. The isolates of races I, 8 and 13 clustered into group II. The isolates of race 5 clustered into group III, and the isolates of race 7 clustered into group IV. Genetic diversity was detected among isolates of races I, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 25 but not among isolates of races 8 and 13. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yang, XB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1017/S0953756298006893 PN 2 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 176YZ UT WOS:000079181200008 ER PT J AU Shih, FF Champagne, ET Daigle, K Zarins, Z AF Shih, FF Champagne, ET Daigle, K Zarins, Z TI Use of enzymes in the processing of protein products from rice bran and rice flour SO NAHRUNG-FOOD LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-EVALUATION; ALPHA-AMYLASE AB Large quantities of rice bran and broken rice are generated as co-products during the milling of rice. Rice bran adn, to a lesser extent, broken rice are under-utilized. The protein they contain is particularly nutritious and hypoallergenic for use in foods. However, to enhance the use of rice proteins, it is desirable to develop effective methods to separate or concentrate the protein component from these rice co-products. In this investigation, rice bran and rice flour from broken rice were treated with starch and carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes including alpha-amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase. The enzymatic processing of rice bran resulted in soluble and insoluble rice products, with protein content ranging from 10% to 27%. In the case of rice flour, the starch component was effectively solubilized, and the insoluble fraction was found to contain up to 79% protein. Processing conditions were discussed, and the protein enriched products were analysed for chemical, physical, and functional properties. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Shih, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0027-769X J9 NAHRUNG JI Nahr.-Food PD FEB PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19990101)43:1<14::AID-FOOD14>3.0.CO;2-K PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 170EZ UT WOS:000078794500004 ER PT J AU Shaw, CG Everest, FH Swanston, DN Julin, KR Allen, SD AF Shaw, CG Everest, FH Swanston, DN Julin, KR Allen, SD TI Independent scientific review in natural resources management: A recent example from the Tongass Land Management Plan SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99821 USA. RP Shaw, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99821 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 73 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 205ZB UT WOS:000080850100011 ER PT J AU Wang, XD AF Wang, XD TI Chronic alcohol intake interferes with retinoid metabolism and signaling SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; FAT-STORING CELLS; CHRONIC ETHANOL-CONSUMPTION; VITAMIN-A; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; COLLAGEN-SYNTHESIS; LIVER-INJURY; RAT; FIBROSIS; OXIDATION AB Chronic and excessive ethanol consumption is associated with cellular proliferation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer of the liver. The critical event in early alcohol-induced hepatic injury is an alcohol-induced activation (cell proliferation and increased fibrogenesis) of hepatic stellate cells. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol causes proliferative activation in hepatic stellate cells have not been identified An important characteristic of alcohol-induced injury is impaired vitamin A nutritional status. The demonstration that retinoic acid is the most physiologically active derivative of vitamin A and the discovery of retinoic acid receptors provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the actions of vitamin A and alcohol on hepatic cell proliferation. Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic alcohol intake can reduce hepatic retinoic acid concentrations, diminish retinoid signaling, and enhance activator protein-1 (AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos)) expression in rat liver. These are the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms whereby ethanol ingestion results in hepatic stellate cell proliferative activation and hepatic fibrogenesis. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 57 IS 2 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 172EH UT WOS:000078909900003 PM 10079703 ER PT J AU Schanler, RJ Shulman, RJ Lau, C Smith, EO Heitkemper, MM AF Schanler, RJ Shulman, RJ Lau, C Smith, EO Heitkemper, MM TI Feeding strategies for premature infants: Randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE enteral feeding; tube-feeding; feeding methods; premature infants; GI priming ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; NEONATAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; FORTIFIED MOTHERS MILK; PRETERM INFANTS; ENTERAL NUTRITION; MATURATION; BALANCE; GROWTH AB Background Data on enteral feeding management of premature infants are limited and often not the subject of randomized clinical trials. Several small studies suggest benefits from the early initiation of feeding, but do not assess the combined effects of time of initiation of feeding, tube-feeding method and type of milk used. Either singly or in combination, these treatments may affect growth, bone mineralization, biochemical measures of nutritional status, and feeding tolerance, and, ultimately, the duration of hospitalization. Methods. A total of 171 premature infants, stratified by gestational age (26 to 30 weeks) and diet (human milk or preterm formula) were assigned randomly among four treatment combinations in a balanced two-way design comparing the presence or absence of gastrointestinal (GI) priming for 10 days and continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus tube-feeding. Results. The major outcome, time required for infants to attain full oral feeding, was similar among treatments. GI priming was not associated with any measured adverse effect and was associated with better calcium and phosphorus retention, higher serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity, and shorter intestinal transit times. The bolus tube-feeding method was associated with significantly less feeding intolerance and greater rate of weight gain than the continuous method. In addition, the greater the quantity of human milk fed, the lower the morbidity. Conclusions. Early GI priming with human milk,using the bolus tube-feeding method, may provide the best advantage for the premature infant. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biobehav Nursing, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schanler, RJ (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO-1-RR-00188]; NICHD NIH HHS [R0-1-HD-28140] NR 30 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 IS 2 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1542/peds.103.2.434 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 163ZU UT WOS:000078437800007 PM 9925837 ER PT J AU Scharf, ME Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD AF Scharf, ME Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD TI Metabolism of carbaryl by insecticide-resistant and -susceptible western corn rootworm populations (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANISMS AB Metabolic and integumental mechanisms of carbaryl resistance were investigated using [C-14] carbaryl in three western corn rootworm populations from Nebraska (two resistant and one susceptible). In diagnostic concentration bioassays of carbaryl toxicity, mortality was 94% for the susceptible population, and 63 and 29% for the resistant populations; confirming the presence of resistance as previously characterized. Penetration of carbaryl through the integument of the three populations was not different, suggesting that there are no integumental barriers involved in the resistance. Iii vivo distribution studies did not-identify any notable differences between populations except increased excretion rates in the resistant populations. In vivo metabolism studies identified more substantial increases in the disappearance of carbaryl and in naphthyl acetamide formation for the resistant populations. In vitro microsomal metabolism of carbaryl resulted in increased NADPH-dependent disappearance of carbaryl and in formation of naphthyl acetamide and naphthol for both resistant populations. In vitro metabolism of carbaryl by soluble proteins identified increased naphthol formation (via hydrolysis) in both resistant populations, and increased polar metabolites in the presence of reduced glutathione for one of the resistant populations. Based on their apparent lack of interaction with the parent compound carbaryl, glutathione S-transferases appear to have an exclusive role in conjugation of secondary metabolites. Although qualitative differences are apparent between the two resistant populations studied, results indicate the primary importance of both cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases in carbaryl resistance. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, S Central Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Plant Ind Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1006/pest.1998.2389 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 183LD UT WOS:000079554300003 ER PT J AU Streibig, JC Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Duke, SO AF Streibig, JC Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Duke, SO TI Joint action of natural and synthetic photosystem II inhibitors SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixtures; oxygen evolution; sorgoleone; diuron; bentazone; isobole; Additive Dose Model; dose-response curves ID PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; ROOT EXUDATE; MIXTURES AB The inhibitory action on photosystem II of four sorgoleone analogues, isolated from Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, and two synthetic inhibitors, diuron and bentazone, was tested by measuring oxygen evolution of thylakoid membranes. The inhibition of oxygen evolution for mixtures of inhibitors was compared with the Additive Dose Model (ADM). ADM assumes that, at a defined response level, the effect of a mixture of inhibitors can be unambiguously expressed by the potency of either of the inhibitors applied separately. The slope of the logistic dose-response curves differed between the inhibitors; sorgoleone analogues had the steepest and bentazone the shallowest slope. The difference in slopes makes the interpretation of the isoboles less general and may reflect the differences in the interaction between the natural and the synthetic inhibitors with the binding site. The results suggest that there may be some limitation to ADM, namely that compounds with the same site of action might have different response curves if their mechanism of binding is different. The joint action of inhibitors follows ADM at I-50. Therefore, the inhibitors can replace each other in any mixture ratio, based on the relative potencies of the pure inhibitors, without changing each other's effect on oxygen evolution. The joint action at I-20 and I-80 sometimes diverged from ADM. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Sect Weed Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Streibig, JC (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Sect Weed Sci, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Streibig, Jens Carl/G-5959-2014; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Streibig, Jens Carl/0000-0002-6204-4004; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1002/ps.2780550205 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 170TG UT WOS:000078821700004 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, SR AF Wang, D Yates, SR TI Spatial and temporal distributions of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil under drip and shank application and implications for pest control efficacy using concentration-time index SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumigant; 1,3-dichloropropene; distribution; efficacy; concentration-time index ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSIONS; COMPUTED CONCENTRATIONS; REDUCED DOSAGE; FIELDS; VOLATILIZATION; ISOTHIOCYANATE; TRANSFORMATION; FUMIGANTS; INJECTION; AIR AB A held experiment was conducted to study the spatial and temporal distributions of (EZ)-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in the soil and effects on pest control efficacy. An emulsifiable concentrate formulation of 1,3-D (Telone EC) was applied with drip irrigation at 47 kg AI ha(-1) to two different depths (2.5 and 20.3 cm, respectively). Comparisons were made between the two drip treatments and a direct shank injection of 1,3-D (Telone II) at 112 kg AI ha(-1). Concentrations of 1,3-D in soil air were measured at several locations over time to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics, and to calculate the concentration-time index (CT). Citrus nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) were placed in the fumigated soil at 25 am depth and their mortality rates were compared to the calculated CT. Distributions of 1,3-D were found to be relatively uniform in both the drip irrigation and the shank injection treatment. An application rate of 47 kg ha(-1) with drip irrigation was sufficient to achieve significant concentration levels in soil beds. Applying 1,3-D with direct shank injection at 112 kg ha(-1) extended the measurable concentration levels to the furrows between the soil beds and to a depth of Im below the soil surface, Effective control of T, semipenetrans was achieved with both the drip irrigation and the shank injection. A threshold soil 1,3-D CT value of 12 mu g h cm(-3) was needed to reach a 100% efficacy for T. semipenetrans. The study indicates that 1,3-D fumigation may be carried out with drip irrigation at very low rate, and a CT index may be derived to aid in the determination of a minimum effective dosage. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199902)55:2<154::AID-PS882>3.0.CO;2-J PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 170TG UT WOS:000078821700006 ER PT J AU Kaiser, WM Weiner, H Huber, SC AF Kaiser, WM Weiner, H Huber, SC TI Nitrate reductase in higher plants: A case study for transduction of environmental stimuli into control of catalytic activity SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Review ID REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE; SPINACIA-OLERACEA LEAVES; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; RAPID MODULATION; REVERSIBLE PHOSPHORYLATION; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHATASE 2A; BARLEY ROOTS; WILD-TYPE AB In higher plants, cytosolic NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase (NR) is rapidly modulated by environmental conditions such as Light, CO2, or oxygen availability. In lea,es, NR is activated by photosynthesis, reaching an activation state of 60-80%. In the dark, or after stomatal closure, leaf NR is inactivated down to 20 or 40% of its maximum activity. In roots, hypoxia or anoxia activate NR, whereas high oxygen supply inactivates IVR. Spinach leaf NR is inactivated by phosphorylation of serine 543 and subsequent Mg2+-dependent binding of 14-3-3 proteins at, or close to, this phosphorylation site. At least three different protein kinases (NR-PK) have been identified in spinach leaves that are able to phosphorylate NR on serine 543. Two of them show up as calmodulin-like domain protein kinases (CDPKs), and one as a SNF1-like protein kinase. Dephosphorylation of serine 543 is catalyzed by a Mg2+-dependent protein phosphatase and by a type 2A protein phosphatase (NR-PP), which is regulated by a trimer/dimer interconversion. The NR-PKs, NR-PPs, and 14-3-3s are present el en in NR-depleted plant tissues. Artificial activation of NR in vivo is achieved by cellular acidification, by respiratory inhibitors, or by mannose feeding. As for anoxia, these treatments seem to act, at least in part, via cytosolic acidification, mediated by low cytosolic.-ITP levels. Activation is also achieved by ionophore-induced release of divalent cations from the cytosol. In addition, cytosolic AMP and phosphate esters seem to regulate NR-PK and IVR-PP activities, thereby adapting NR activity within minutes to the changing environment. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Mol Pflanzenphysiol & Biophys, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kaiser, WM (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Mol Pflanzenphysiol & Biophys, Julius Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 52 TC 112 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 19 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 186RA UT WOS:000079741700025 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Hernandez, A Allen, SN Moraes, RM Vroman, JA Avery, MA Duke, SO AF Dayan, FE Hernandez, A Allen, SN Moraes, RM Vroman, JA Avery, MA Duke, SO TI Comparative phytotoxicity of artemisinin and several sesquiterpene analogues SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMALARIAL AGENT ARTEMISININ; MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTERS; QINGHAOSU; ANNUA C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Columbus, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Columbus, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Columbus, MS 38677 USA. Univ Basque Country, EHU, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Vegetal & Ecol, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, Columbus, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@ag.gov RI HERNANDEZ, ANTONIO/L-1702-2014; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI HERNANDEZ, ANTONIO/0000-0002-8718-7685; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 26 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 1999 VL 50 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00568-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 165EH UT WOS:000078506700012 ER PT J AU Peng, JP Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Peng, JP Lu, FC Ralph, J TI The DFRC method for lignin analysis - Part 5 - Isochroman lignin trimers from DFRC-degraded Pinus taeda SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda L; lignin; DFRC-degradation; structural elucidation; trimer; softwood AB A pair of new aryl isochroman lignin trimers, 7-acetoxy-1-{2-acetoxy-1-[4-(3-acetoxyprop-2-enyl)]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-3-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-acetoxymethyl-6-methoxy-isochromans, along with three related dimers were isolated from DFRC degraded loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood following gel permeation and reversed-phase TLC and HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by means of 2D-NMR, FAB-MS and GC-MS analyses. These two trimers contained a unique beta-1 inter-unit linkage with a 6-membered di-alpha-ether ring and with the original sidechain migrated. The mechanistic plausibility of the lignification pathway, the isolation of expected DFRC degradation dimers and trimers, and the tentative identification of the aryl isochroman structure in pine milled wood lignins by NMR spectroscopy, all suggest that such structures, or their precursors, are present in native lignins (in their unacetylated forms). An unrelated trimer possessing 5-5/beta-beta interunit linkages was also isolated and characterized. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 1999 VL 50 IS 4 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00572-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 165EH UT WOS:000078506700020 ER PT J AU Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Russin, JS AF Brown, RL Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Russin, JS TI Advances in the development of host resistance in corn to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE crop resistance; mycotoxins; preharvest aflatoxin elimination ID COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; MAIZE KERNELS; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; INFECTION; ACCUMULATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; GERMINATION; GENOTYPES; PROTEINS; EAR AB Aflatoxins are toxic, highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which when produced during fungal infection of a susceptible crop in the field or after harvest contaminate food and feed and threaten human and animal health. Although there are several management strategies that may reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn, the preeminent strategy for elimination of aflatoxin is to develop preharvest host resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. This strategy has gained even greater prominence due to recent discoveries of natural resistance in corn that can be exploited in plant-breeding strategies. The ability to identify resistant corn genotypes has been enhanced by the development of a laboratory kernel-screening assay and by a strain of A. flavus genetically engineered to produce beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme whose activity can be monitored to assess the degree of fungal infection in kernels. Investigations of resistant corn genotypes have associated kernel pericarp wax characteristics with resistance, identified kernel proteins associated with resistance to and inhibition of fungal growth or aflatoxin biosynthesis, and identified chromosome regions associated with resistance to Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production. Such research advances could lead, in the near future, to commercially available, agronomically acceptable corn lines with multiple preharvest resistances to aflatoxin contamination. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 45 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 89 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.2.113 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 163FB UT WOS:000078392100002 PM 18944783 ER PT J AU Bristow, PR Martin, RR AF Bristow, PR Martin, RR TI Transmission and the role of honeybees in field spread of blueberry shock ilarvirus, a pollen-borne virus of highbush blueberry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; cultivar reaction ID PRUNUS NECROTIC RINGSPOT; LEAF MOTTLE VIRUS; TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS; SEED; LOCATION; THRIPS; DWARF AB The rapid and random spread of blueberry shock ilarvirus (BlShV) in commercial plantings suggested that insects played a role in transmission. Transmission from infected field plants to trap plants only occurred during bloom, indicating that flowers were the avenue for infection and flower-visiting insects including pollinators were involved. Trap plants readily became infected during bloom when a honeybee hive was included in cages with diseased field plants and trap plants. There was limited transmission in cages without a hive and no transmission when healthy field bushes were caged with trap plants either with or without honeybees. Infective pollen survived within the hive for 1 but not 2 weeks. Western flower thrips did not transmit BlShV when they were allowed to feed on caged flowering trap plants in the presence of a source of infected pollen. Results of pollen washes, cell disruption, and electron microscopy show that particles of BlShV were on, in, and between the cells of the pollen tetrad. Pollen from infected plants germinated as readily as pollen from healthy plants. BlShV was seedborne, but at a low level. All 42 cultivars tested were susceptible to BlShV when inoculated by grafting. The primary mechanism of transmission appears to be the transfer of BlShV-contaminated pollen by honeybees from flowers on infected plants to flowers on healthy plants. C1 Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bristow, PR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 7612 Pioneer Way E, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 89 IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.2.124 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 163FB UT WOS:000078392100004 PM 18944785 ER PT J AU Stromberg, KD Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ AF Stromberg, KD Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ TI Relationship between phyllosphere population sizes of Xanthomonas translucens pv translucens and bacterial leaf streak severity on wheat seedlings SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIBLE SIGNAL MOLECULE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DISEASE REACTIONS; BROWN SPOT; CAMPESTRIS; VESICATORIA; SURVIVAL; EXCLUSION; VIRULENCE; STRAINS AB The relationship between leaf-associated population sizes of Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens on asymptomatic leaves and subsequent bacterial leaf streak (BLS) severity was investigated. In three experiments, X. translucens pv. translucens was spray-inoculated onto 10-day-old wheat seedlings over a range of inoculum densities of X. translucens pv. translucens. Leaf-associated pathogen population sizes recovered 48 h after inoculation were highly predictive of BLS severity 7 days after inoculation (R-2 = 0.970, P < 0.0001). The relationship between pathogen population size on leaves and subsequent BLS severity was best described by the logistic model. Leaf-associated X. translucens pv. translucens population size and BLS severity from a particular pathogen inoculum density often varied among experiments; however, the disease severity level caused by a particular leaf-associated X. translucens pv. translucens population size was not significantly different among experiments. Biological and disease control implications of the X. translucens pv. translucens population size-BLS severity relationship are discussed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kinkel, LL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 89 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.2.131 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 163FB UT WOS:000078392100005 PM 18944786 ER PT J AU Munkvold, GP Hellmich, RL Rice, LG AF Munkvold, GP Hellmich, RL Rice, LG TI Comparison of fumonisin concentrations in kernels of transgenic Bt maize hybrids and nontransgenic hybrids SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE corn; Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; TOXIN AAL; CORN; INFECTION; CELLS AB Maize hybrids genetically engineered with genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) express CryIA(b) and other Cry proteins that are toxic to certain insects, particularly the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Maize kernel feeding by O. nubilalis often leads to infection by fungi in the genus Fusarium, including the fumonisin-producing species F. verticillioides and F. proliferatrum. In field experiments in 1995, 1996, and 1997, transgenic maize hybrids and near-isogenic, nontransgenic hybrids were manually infested with neonatal European corn borer larvae. Manual infestation increased Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin concentrations in kernels of nontransgenic hybrids. Transgenic hybrids with kernel expression of CryIA(b) consistently experienced less insect feeding on kernels and less Fusarium ear rot than their nontransgenic counterparts. In manually infested treatments, these hybrids also exhibited lower concentrations of fumonisins in kernels compared with their nontransgenic counterparts. In manually infested treatments in 1995, mean fumonisin B(1) concentrations were 8.8 mu g/g in the nontransgenic hybrid and 6.7 or 3.0 mu g/g in transgenic hybrids. In 1996, mean fumonisin B(1) concentrations in manually infested treatments were 4.9 mu g/g (range 2.3 to 8.8) for nontransgenic and 1.2 mu g/g (range 1.0 to 1.3) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. Mean total fumonisin concentrations (fumonisin B(1) + B(2) + B(3)) were 7.0 mu g/g(range 3.0 to 12.2) for nontransgenic and 1.7 mu g/g (range 1.5 to 1.9) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. In 1997, mean fumonisin B(1) concentrations in manually infested treatments were 11.8 mu g/g (range 7.6 to 17.3) for nontransgenic and 1.3 mu g/g (range 0.8 to 2.2) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression of CryIA(b) or Cry9C. Mean total fumonisin concentrations were 16.5 mu g/g (range 10.7 to 24.0) for nontransgenic and 2.1 mu g/g (range 1.5 to 3.1) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. Transgenic hybrids that do not express CryIA(b) or Cry9C in kernels did not consistently have fumonisin concentrations different from the nontransgenic hybrids. Higher fumonisin concentrations in nontransgenic hybrids were associated with high European corn borer populations during the early reproductive stages of the maize plants. These results indicate that under some conditions, genetic engineering of maize for insect resistance may enhance its safety for animal and human consumption. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Munkvold, GP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM munkvold@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 205 Z9 226 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 83 IS 2 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.2.130 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 160MH UT WOS:000078234100007 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Margosan, DA Mlikota, F Usall, J Michael, IF AF Smilanick, JL Margosan, DA Mlikota, F Usall, J Michael, IF TI Control of citrus green mold by carbonate and bicarbonate salts and the influence of commercial postharvest practices on their efficacy SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RESISTANT; IMAZALIL; ORANGES; LEMONS AB The toxicity to Penicillium digitatum and practical use of carbonate and bicarbonate salts to control green mold were determined. The effective dose (ED50) concentrations to inhibit the germination of P. digitatum spores of sodium carbonate (SC), potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate (SBC), ammonium bicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate were 5.0, 6.2, 14.1, 16.4, and 33.4 mM, respectively. All were fungistatic because spores removed from the solutions germinated in potato dextrose broth. SC and SBC were equal and superior to the other salts for control of green mold on lemons and oranges inoculated 24 h before treatment. When sodium content and high pH must be minimized, SBC could replace SC. Furthermore, because a higher proportion of NaOCl would be present in the active hypochlorous acid at the lower pH of SBC compared to SC, sanitation of the SBC solution should be easier to maintain. NaOCl (200 mu g/ml) added to SBC at pH 7.5 improved green mold control. Rinse water as high as 50 ml per fruit applied after SC did not reduce its effectiveness; however, high-pressure water cleaning after SC did. Conversely, high-pressure water cleaning of fruit before SC improved control of green mold. The risk of injury to fruit posed by SC treatment was determined by immersing oranges for 1 min in 3% (wt/vol) SC at 28, 33, 44, 50, 56, or 61 degrees C (+/-1 degrees C) and followed by storage for 3 weeks at 10 degrees C. Rind injuries occurred only after treatment at 56 and 61 degrees C. The risk of injury is low because these temperatures exceed that needed for control of green mold. SC was compatible with subsequent imazalil and biological control treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. IRTA, Ctr UDL, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. LLC, Adv Packinghouse Syst, Fresno, CA 93721 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. EM Jsmilanick@aol.com NR 41 TC 142 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 83 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.2.139 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 160MH UT WOS:000078234100008 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL AF Bruckart, WL TI A simple quantitative procedure for inoculation of safflower with teliospores of the rust fungus, Puccinia carthami SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE risk assessment ID JACEAE AB A procedure is needed to determine susceptibility of safflower seedlings to teliospore inoculations of foreign accessions of Puccinia jaceae, a candidate agent for biological control of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle). The indigenous safflower rust pathogen, P. carthami, served as both model and basis for a future comparative study of these two rust fungi on safflower. The procedure involves inoculation of 2-day-old safflower seedlings on the hypocotyl near the base of the cotyledons with a known number of teliospores suspended in a 1-mu l drop of a 0.1% water agar and wetting agent carrier. Advantages of this procedure include (i) quantification, by spore type, of inoculum applied to each seedling, (ii) precise placement of inoculum on test plants, and (iii) conservation of inoculum. Results were verified in studies with two safflower cultivars inoculated with 0, 15, 60, or 240 teliospores of either of two isolates of P. carthami. Plant height and dry weight data collected 6 weeks after inoculation revealed significant interactions for cultivar x inoculum concentration and for isolate x inoculum concentration. Similar results were achieved when safflower seeds were rolled in dry teliospores of P. carthami but not when seedlings grew through teliospore-infested sand. The latter two approaches (dry teliospore and infested sand inoculation) require much merle inoculum and are only semiquantitative. The microliter drop procedure has potential usefulness in host range and quantitative studies involving other pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM bruckart@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 83 IS 2 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.2.181 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 160MH UT WOS:000078234100016 ER PT J AU Toroser, D McMichael, R Krause, KP Kurreck, J Sonnewald, U Stitt, M Huber, SC AF Toroser, D McMichael, R Krause, KP Kurreck, J Sonnewald, U Stitt, M Huber, SC TI Site-directed mutagenesis of serine 158 demonstrates its role in spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase modulation SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; NITRATE REDUCTASE; DEPHOSPHO-FORMS; NEGATIVE CHARGE; 2 MUTANTS; LEAVES; PURIFICATION; 14-3-3-PROTEIN; ACTIVATION AB Site-directed mutagenesis of spinach sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) was performed to investigate the role of Ser158 in the modulation of spinach leaf SPS. Tobacco plants expressing the spinach wild-type (WT), S158A, S158T and S157F/S158E SPS transgenes were produced. Expression of transgenes appeared not to reduce expression of the tobacco host SPS. SPS activity in the WT and the S158T SPS transgenics showed light/dark modulation, whereas the S158A and S157F/S158E mutants were not similarly light/dark modulated: the S158A mutant enzyme was not inactivated in the dark, and the S157F/S158E was not activated in the light. The inability to modulate the activity of the S158A mutant enzyme by protein phosphorylation was demonstrated in vitro. The WT spinach enzyme immunopurified from dark transgenic tobacco leaves had a low initial activation state, and could be activated by PP2A and subsequently inactivated by SPS-kinase plus ATP. Rapid purification of the S158A mutant enzyme from dark leaves of transgenic plants using spinach-specific monoclonal antibodies yielded enzyme that had a high initial activation state, and pre-incubation with leaf PP2A or ATP plus SPS-kinase (the PK(III) enzyme) caused little modulation of activity. The results demonstrate the regulatory significance of Ser158 as the major site responsible for dark inactivation of spinach SPS in vivo, and indicate that the significance of phosphorylation is the introduction of a negative charge at the Ser158 position. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Zeneca Mogen, NL-2300 AP Leiden, Netherlands. Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res, D-006466 Gatersleben, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Bot, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM steve_huber@ncsu.edu RI Kurreck, Jens/B-7785-2008; Sonnewald, Uwe/J-7875-2012 OI Sonnewald, Uwe/0000-0003-1835-5339 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00389.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 180VQ UT WOS:000079406200008 PM 10205897 ER PT J AU Kossack, DS Kinlaw, CS AF Kossack, DS Kinlaw, CS TI IFG, a gypsy-like retrotransposon in Pinus (Pinaceae), has an extensive history in pines SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy-like element; Pinaceae; Pinus; retrotransposon; reverse transcriptase; retroelement ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RETROVIRAL PROTEINS; TRANSFER-RNA; GENUS PINUS; DROSOPHILA; GENES; COPIA AB A 1 kb EcoRI restriction fragment cloned from a band visible in an agarose gel of Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine) genomic DNA is present in both subgenera of Pinus with at least 10(4) copies/genome. A full-length copy of this repeated element recovered from a P. radiata (Monterey pine) genomic DNA library was found to possess all of the sequence features associated with gypsy-like retrotransposons. This report describes the biology and history of the IFG (Institute of Forest Genetics) family of retrotransposons. The characterized IFG7 is 5937 bp long. Immediately interior to its 5' and 3' long terminal repeats are sequences consistent with primer binding sites for reverse transcription of the RNA genome. Presumptive gene products associated with retrotransposition appear to be coded in a single reading frame and are in the same order as the gypsy-like retrotransposons and retroviruses. The 1.0 kb EcoRI fragment of IFG elements codes for the 3' half of IFG's reverse transcriptase and the entire RNase H domain. Southern blot analysis suggests IFG was present in Pinaceae before its division into its modern genera. Sequence analysis of IFG 1.0 kb RI fragments and southern analysis also suggest that IFG continued to evolve in Pinus with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) subfamilies appearing early in the history of each subgenus often correlating with subdivisions of Pinus. Features shared with other plant retrotransposons are also discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Kossack, DS (reprint author), POB 268, Davenport, CA 95017 USA. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1023/A:1006115732620 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 178WL UT WOS:000079292100003 PM 10092171 ER PT J AU Thelen, JJ Miernyk, JA Randall, DD AF Thelen, JJ Miernyk, JA Randall, DD TI Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase from maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; BETA-SUBUNIT; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; COMPLEX; PHOSPHORYLATION; PURIFICATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; NUCLEOTIDE; INTRONS; SITES AB Four cDNAs, one encoding an cu-subunit and three encoding beta-subunits of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, were isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) libraries. The deduced amino acid sequences of both alpha- and beta-subunits are approximately 80% identical with Arabidopsis and pea (Pisum sativum L.) homologs. The mature N terminus was determined for the beta-subunit by microsequencing the protein purified from etiolated maize shoot mitochondria and was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This ingle isoelectric species comprised multiple isoforms. Both alpha- and beta-subunits are encoded by multigene families in maize, as determined by Southern-blot analyses. RNA transcripts for both alpha- and beta-subunits were more abundant in roots than in young leaves or etiolated shoots. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was also higher in roots (5-fold) compared with etiolated shoots and leaves. Both subunits were present at similar levels in all tissues examined, indicating coordinated gene regulation. The protein levels were highest in heterotrophic organs and in pollen, which contained about 2-fold more protein than any other organ examined. The relative abundance of these proteins in nonphotosynthetic tissues may reflect a high cellular content of mitochondria, a high level of respiratory activity, or an extra plastidial requirement for acetate. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bchemdr@showme.missouri.edu NR 30 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 119 IS 2 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1104/pp.119.2.635 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 166PP UT WOS:000078586300031 PM 9952460 ER PT J AU Kurek, I Aviezer, K Erel, N Herman, E Breiman, A AF Kurek, I Aviezer, K Erel, N Herman, E Breiman, A TI The wheat peptidyl prolyl cis-trans-isomerase FKBP77 is heat induced and developmentally regulated SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT DOMAIN; STEROID-RECEPTOR COMPLEXES; FK506 BINDING-PROTEIN; SHOCK PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; CYCLOPHILIN GENE; HIGHER-PLANTS; IMMUNOPHILIN; EXPRESSION; HSP90 AB We isolated a cDNA encoding a 568-amino acid, heat-stress-induced peptidyl prolyl isomerase belonging to the FK506-binding-protein (FKBP) family. The open reading frame encodes for a peptidyl prolyl isomerase that possesses three FKBP-12-like domains, a putative tetratricopeptide motif, and a calmodulin-binding domain. Specific antibodies showed that the open reading frame encodes a heat-induced 77-kD protein, the wheat FKBP77 (wFKBP77), which exhibits 84% identity with the wFKBP73 and 42% identity with the human FKBP59. Because of the high similarity in sequence to wFKBP73, wFKBP77 was designated as the heat-induced isoform. The wFKBP77 mRNA steady-state level was 14-fold higher at 37 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The wFKBP77 transcript abundance was the highest in mature embryos that had imbibed and 2-d-old green shoots exposed to 37 degrees C, and decreased to 6% in 6-d-old green shoots. The transcript level returned to the level detected at 25 degrees C after recovery of the embryos for 90 min at 25 degrees C. We compared wFKBP73 and wFKBP77 with the heat-shock proteins having cognate and heat-stress-induced counterparts. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Breiman, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM adina@ccsg.tau.ac.il NR 69 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 119 IS 2 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1104/pp.119.2.693 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 166PP UT WOS:000078586300037 PM 9952466 ER PT J AU Mithofer, A Ebel, J Bhagwat, AA Boller, T Neuhaus-Url, G AF Mithofer, A Ebel, J Bhagwat, AA Boller, T Neuhaus-Url, G TI Transgenic aequorin monitors cytosolic calcium transients in soybean cells challenged with beta-glucan or chitin elicitors SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE aequorin; cytosolic calcium; beta-glucan elicitor; Glycine (Ca(2+) transients) ID HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; GLYCINE-MAX L; GLUCOSIDE PHYTOALEXIN ELICITOR; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; F-SP GLYCINEA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PLANT DEFENSE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; CYTOPLASMIC CALCIUM AB Transgenic soybean (Glycine max L.) cells expressing aequorin were used to monitor changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations in response to treatment with fungal elicitors. After an apparent lag phase of about 60 s, both chitin fragments and beta-glucan elicitors caused a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca concentration, which peaked within 2-2.5 min of treatment. The Ca(2+) concentration then decreased and reached the basal level after about 5 min in the case of the treatment with chitin fragments, while a second rise in the Ca(2+) concentration with a maximum occurring after about 7-8 min was observed in the case of beta-glucan treatment. Calibration of the signals showed that the elicitors enhanced the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration from resting concentrations as low as 0.1 mu M to highest levels of about 2 mu M. Dose-response experiments showed that the concentration of elicitors giving a Ca(2+) response at the 50% level was 0.4 nM for the chitin fragment and 28 mu M and 72 mu M, respectively, for a synthetic hepta-beta-glucoside and a fungal beta-glucan fraction. The beta-glucan- or N,N'.N ",N"'-tetraacetyl chitotetratose (CH4)-induced Ca(2+) signals were inhibited by both the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and by the Ca(2+)-channel inhibitor La(3+). Neomycin, whose target in plant cells has not yet been clearly identified, reduced predominantly the expression of the second peak of the biphasic Ca(2+) curve following beta-glucan treatment. Bacterial cyclic beta-glucans known to elicitor-sensing mechanism of soybean cells, and is probably connected with the subsequent activation of defence responses. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Friedrich Miescher Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. RP Mithofer, A (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Bot, Menzingerstr 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany. EM amithoef@botanik.biologie.uni-muenchen.de RI Boller, Thomas/G-3500-2012 NR 50 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 1999 VL 207 IS 4 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s004250050519 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171WE UT WOS:000078886400012 ER PT J AU Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Pantaloni, M Spangenberger, A Harper, JS Lui, F Gardner, D Wierenga, TL Edstrom, LE AF Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Pantaloni, M Spangenberger, A Harper, JS Lui, F Gardner, D Wierenga, TL Edstrom, LE TI The fetal cleft palate: I. Characterization of a congenital model SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Plastic-Surgery-Research-Council CY APR 04-07, 1998 CL LOMA LINDA, CALIFORNIA SP Plast Surg Res Council ID OXO-NORLEUCINE DON; WILD TREE TOBACCO; NICOTIANA-GLAUCA; CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH; MATERNAL INGESTION; CONIUM-MACULATUM; SCAR FORMATION; OVINE MODEL; REPAIR; LIP AB Any animal model of a human congenital anomaly established by iatrogenic methods involving intrauterine fetal manipulation has limited clinical applicability. A congenital model that more closely simulates the etiopathogenesis of a human anomaly may provide data that can more readily be extrapolated to that anomaly and, therefore, be used in diagnostic and management strategies. The present work provides a description and characterization of a congenital model of cleft palate in the goat. Palatal shelf closure normally occurs at approximately day 38 of gestation in the caprine species. Sixteen pregnant goats were gavaged twice daily during gestational days 32 through 41 [term, 145 days] with a plant slurry of Nicotiana glauca containing the piperidine alkaloid teratogen anabasine. Gross analysis and measurement of fetal clefts were performed at 60, 70, and 85 days gestation (four fetuses were studied at each time point). Seventeen clefted kids were sacrificed at specific intervals after birth (2 weeks, and 1, 3, and 6 months); after skull debridement and preparation, they were compared with 12 unclefted control kids. Complete clefting of the secondary palate occurred in 97 percent of the fetuses. In all cases, the cleft extended from the posterior aspect of the alveolar ridge to the uvula; the majority of these clefts were bilateral, with complete detachment of the vomer. Morphologically, these clefts were similar to human clefts. Eighteen percent of clefted newborn kids demonstrated gross maxillary hypoplasia and midfacial retrusion at birth with a relative Class III malocclusion. Direct measurement of the congenital caprine skulls confirmed these findings. The incidence of midfacial growth abnormalities in these clefted animals raises questions regarding the etiopathogenesis of facial dysmorphology that is unrelated to scarring of the maxilla. This congenital cleft palate model is currently being used to explore these questions and others related to craniofacial growth and palatal function after in utero repair. C1 Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Sch Med, Dept Plast Surg, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Sch Med, Div Biol & Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Weinzweig, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, 10 Penn Tower,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 54 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 103 IS 2 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1097/00006534-199902000-00009 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 162ED UT WOS:000078331800009 PM 9950527 ER PT J AU Stange, RR McDonald, RE AF Stange, RR McDonald, RE TI A simple and rapid method for determination of lignin in plant tissues - its usefulness in elicitor screening and comparison to the thioglycolic acid method SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignification; elicitors; measurement; thioglycolic acid; resistance ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSE; OLIGOGALACTURONIDES; LIGNIFICATION; PHYTOALEXINS; DEPOSITION; METABOLISM; PATHOGENS; CHITOSAN; CELLS AB Lignification of injuries is an important component of a plant's defense against postharvest diseases. Currently available methods for determination of lignin are slow and tedious. We describe a method to rapidly quantify lignin in plant tissue discs based on measurement of color difference following selective staining with Schiffs reagent. The effect of elicitor treatment on accumulation of lignin at 30 degrees C was evaluated using storage tissues of four plants. Root tissues of daikon, turnip and sweet potato all exhibited increased lignification in response to elicitation with pectinase, chitosan or a yeast extract. Acorn squash tissue responded only to pectinase. Squash tissue elicited and then held at 28 degrees C for 18 h developed considerable resistance to infection by Penicillium italicum. Accumulation of lignin over time was determined by both the color difference method and the thioglycolic acid (TGA) method. These two methods gave very different impressions of the accumulation of lignin over time. However, each method gave very similar results on all four plants tested. As measured by the color difference method, lignin accumulation became apparent only 4 h after elicitation and the lignification process was complete within 24 h. In contrast, lignin accumulation by the TGA method was much slower, increases were not evident until 8-12 h after elicitation, and lignin continued to accumulate for a further 36 h. The difference between the results obtained with these two methods may be explained by the solubility of the lignin when first formed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Stange, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00076-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 166GU UT WOS:000078568500010 ER PT J AU Barnhart, ET Cladwell, DJ Crouch, MC Byrd, JA Corrier, DE Hargis, BM AF Barnhart, ET Cladwell, DJ Crouch, MC Byrd, JA Corrier, DE Hargis, BM TI Effect of lactose administration in drinking water prior to and during feed withdrawal on Salmonella recovery from broiler crops and ceca SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; broiler; crops; lactose; ceca ID DIETARY LACTOSE; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; CHICKENS; ENTERITIDIS; ANAEROBES; INFECTION AB Salmonella contamination of the chicken crop has been reported to increase markedly and significantly during feed withdrawal, probably due to coprophagy, and may contribute to carcass contamination at processing. The effect of prolonged lactose administration (2.5%) in the drinking water on the incidence of Salmonella recovery from broiler crops or ceca was evaluated in seven experiments. In these experiments, all or a percentage (providing seeders and contacts) of 7-wk-old broilers were challenged with similar to 1 x 10(8) cfu Salmonella enteritidis and provided lactose for 5 or 11 d prior to and during an 18 or 24 h feed withdrawal period. A small but significant lactose-mediated reduction in Salmonella contamination of crops was observed in one of two identical experiments with 18 h feed withdrawal. Extending the feed withdrawal period to 24 h did not improve the ability of lactose to affect Salmonella recovery from crops or ceca. Similarly, lactose did not affect Salmonella recovery when the percentage of birds challenged was reduced to 3 out of 16 and Salmonella recovery from crops or ceca of unchallenged, contact broilers was measured. Extending the duration of exposure to 2.5% lactose in the drinking water from 5 to 11 d did not improve the ability of lactose to affect Salmonella recovery. Taken together, these data suggest that provision of 2.5% lactose in the drinking water during the last 5 to 11 d of growout prior to slaughter will not be useful in an integrated Salmonella control program under commercial conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 164VL UT WOS:000078484200008 PM 10051033 ER PT J AU Salter, D Balander, R Crittenden, L AF Salter, D Balander, R Crittenden, L TI Evaluation of Japanese quail as a model system for avian transgenesis using avian leukosis viruses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE avian leukosis virus; retroviral vectors; Japanese quail; transgenic; model system ID CHICKEN GERM LINE; RETROVIRUSES; INSERTION; BIRDS; GENES AB Vertical transmission of avian leukosis viruses (ALV) can occur genetically through the germline for both male and female chickens but only nongenetically or congenitally through the female. We had previously shown that tolerantly ALV-infected males, from ALV injection into fertile chicken eggs at day of set, can transmit proviral DNA to their progeny through the germline. An attempt was made to repeat this successful retroviral germline insertion technique of chickens in Japanese quail. After an initial difficulty of infecting quail chicks in ovo at day of set with high titer nonpathogenic recombinant and pathogenic ALV, adequate numbers of tolerantly ALV-infected quail were produced by injecting ALV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) at day of set. Tolerantly ALV-infected male and female quail were then mated to nonviremic quail and vertical transmission of ALV to progeny chicks was determined by analyzing blood for viral antigens and proviral DNA using standard techniques. Vertical transmission of ALV was only detected in the progeny of viremic females. Thus, little or no germline transmission of ALV to progeny occurred from viremic males. Tolerantly ALV-infected males and females from congenital ALV infection, which should infect the embryo and presumably the primordial germ cells (PGC) earlier than egg injection, were mated to nonviremic quails. Vertical transmission of ALV to progeny chicks was analyzed as before. Again, vertical transmission of ALV was only detected in the progeny of viremic females. We conclude that Japanese quail will not be useful in avian transgenic studies involving ALV retroviral vectors. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Salter, D (reprint author), Univ W Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Livingston, AL 35470 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 230 EP 234 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 164VL UT WOS:000078484200011 PM 10051036 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM Walker-Simmons, MK AF Donoghue, AM Walker-Simmons, MK TI The influence of wheat dehydration-induced proteins on the function of turkey spermatozoa after twenty-four-hour in vitro storage SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sperm; dehydration; sperm storage; fertility; turkey ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; HEAT-STABLE PROTEINS; PERIVITELLINE LAYER; FERTILIZING ABILITY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SPERM; EGGS; ARABIDOPSIS; MOTILITY; PENETRATION AB Dehydration-induced proteins and other osmo-protectants enable plants to survive dehydration stress. The object of this study was to determine whether dehydration-induced proteins from wheat seeds could protect turkey sperm and improve survival and function after liquid storage. A partially purified heat-soluble protein extract was isolated from dry, mature wheat seed embryos and added to semen diluent. Hens were inseminated with either fresh or semen stored 24 h at 5 C and fertility and hatchability data collected. The addition of 10% wheat protein extract to semen stored 24 h at 5 C improved fertility and hatchability of eggs over semen stored in diluent alone (P < 0.05). The heat-soluble proteins isolated from wheat seed embryos are capable of protecting turkey sperm during in vitro storage and could potentially improve long-term storage of sperm from other species. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM annie@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 164VL UT WOS:000078484200012 PM 10051037 ER PT J AU Young, LL Buhr, RJ Lyon, CE AF Young, LL Buhr, RJ Lyon, CE TI Effect of polyphosphate treatment and electrical stimulation on postchill changes in quality of broiler breast meat SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphate; electrical stimulation; moisture binding; poultry meat; meat quality ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES; TENDERNESS; CARCASSES; TEXTURE; FILLETS; MUSCLE AB The objective of this study was to assess effects of treating electrically stimulated broiler forequarters with polyphosphates after various aging periods on quality. Ninety-six mixed sex broilers were electrically stunned and slaughtered. Half the carcasses were electrically stimulated during bleeding and half were not. Forequarters were harvested immediately after chilling and after 2, 4, and 6 h postchill. Left forequarters were marinated in salt solution and right forequarters in salt solution plus sodium tripolyphosphate. After marination, the quarters were cooked. Yield and meat pH were evaluated immediately after marinating; and color, yield, and cooking loss were evaluated after cooking. Electrical stimulation resulted in a decline in muscle pH for the 0 postchill group. The pH of muscles from unstimulated and stimulated carcasses from the remainder of the postchill times were equivalent. Phosphate treatment increased pH at all postchill times. Electrical stimulation of the marinated quarters increased cooking loss and decreased yield regardless of marinade composition. Both cooking loss and yield were superior for forequarters harvested at 0 or 2 h postchill compared to those harvested at 4 or 6 h postchill. The phosphate improved moisture binding regardless of electrical treatment or time of harvest. Color values of cooked muscles were unaffected by marination time, but the phosphate-treated muscles had higher b* (yellowness) values than controls. Shear values of unstimulated carcasses that received phosphate treatment were 35% greater than those that received no phosphate treatment. When the carcasses were electrically stimulated, the toughening effect of the phosphate was eliminated. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Young, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 164VL UT WOS:000078484200015 PM 10051040 ER PT J AU Thaler, AM AF Thaler, AM TI The United States perspective towards poultry slaughter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stunning; humane slaughter; poultry slaughter; legislation AB Handling and immobilizing animals prior to slaughter can be viewed from three interrelated and sometimes competing perspectives: processing efficiency, worker safety, and humaneness. Efforts to pass laws requiring humane slaughter of livestock and poultry spanned over 60 yr. The first, The Humane Slaughter Act of 1958, Public Law 85-765, applicable only to livestock plants supplying meat to the Federal Government, passed because of the right mix of available technology, experience with stunning methods, and moral suasion. This proposed law was not supported by the Department of Agriculture because of concerns over anticipated problems with its administration. The 1958 law became effective in 1960 and did not include humane slaughter requirements for ritual handling. By 1977, 26 states had enacted their own humane slaughter laws to cover Livestock packers not included under the federal statute. The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978 extended the 1958 requirements to all livestock slaughter facilities, both federal and state, including facilities in foreign countries exporting to the U.S. The Department of Agriculture supported the 1978 legislation. The poultry industry was not included in either law primarily because electrical stunning was being used for the majority of birds slaughtered. The technology to humanely slaughter poultry is widely used but not all poultry are stunned before slaughter. Experience with stunning technology has shown well-defined production efficiency. Expanded use of stunning methods and research to confirm effectiveness from a humane slaughter perspective is needed to assure consumers that the industry will voluntarily continue humane practices. C1 USDA, FSIS, OPPDE, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Thaler, AM (reprint author), USDA, FSIS, OPPDE, Room 202 Cotton Annex,300 12th St NW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 78 IS 2 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 164VL UT WOS:000078484200022 PM 10051047 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI The genetics of serum lipid responsiveness to dietary interventions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Nutrition-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1998 CL UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SP Nutr Soc HO UNIV SURREY DE dietary fats; cholesterol; lipoproteins; genetics; atherosclerosis ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; B SIGNAL PEPTIDE; INSERTION-DELETION POLYMORPHISM; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION SURVIVORS; RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN; PLASMA HDL-CHOLESTEROL AB CHD is a multifactorial disease that is associated with non-modifiable risk factors, such as age, gender and genetic background, and with modifiable risk factors, including elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Lifestyle modification should be the primary treatment for lowering cholesterol values. The modifications recommended include dietary changes, regular aerobic exercise, and normalization of body weight. The recommended dietary changes include restriction in the amount of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol together with an increase in the consumption of complex carbohydrate and dietary fibre, especially water-soluble fibre. However, nutrition scientists continue to question the value of these universal concepts and the public health benefits of low-fat diets, and an intense debate has been conducted in the literature on whether to focus on reduction of total fat or to aim efforts primarily towards reducing the consumption of saturated and trans fats. Moreover, it is well known that there is a striking variability between subjects in the response of serum cholesterol to diet. Multiple studies have examined the gene-diet interactions in the response of plasma lipid concentrations to changes in dietary fat and/or cholesterol. These studies have focused on candidate genes known to play key roles in lipoprotein metabolism. Among the gene loci examined, APOE has been the most studied, and the current evidence suggests that this locus might be responsible for some of the inter-individual variability in dietary response. Other loci, including APOA4, APOA1, APOB, APOC3, LPL and CETP have also been found to account for some of the variability in the fasting and fed states. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ordovas_li@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 185 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 58 IS 1 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.1079/PNS19990023 PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 195JU UT WOS:000080247900021 PM 10343355 ER PT J AU Sauvant, D Meschy, F Mertens, D AF Sauvant, D Meschy, F Mertens, D TI Components of ruminal acidosis and acidogenic effects of diets. SO PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES LA French DT Article ID DAIRY-COWS; RUMEN; REQUIREMENTS; CONSEQUENCES; DIGESTION; MATTER; CATTLE; PH AB Ruminal acidosis is a major concern in modern nutrition of ruminant. Effectively, the increase of production potentials has been associated with a subsequent increase of the proportion of concentrate in the diets. Therefore the reticulo rumen of the high yielding ruminants has to digest increased quantities of fermentable organic matter. The following fermentation rate is sometimes dramatically increased, therefore ruminant pH decreases and this acidosis status lead to several zootechnical drawbacks: negative digestive interactions, decrease of the milk fat content, digestive and metabolic pathologies... An acidosis status of the rumen is the consequence of a reduction of salivary flow which recycles phosphate and bicarbonate buffers. The assessment of acidosis status is performed hom the pH measurement of the rumen fluid. It is generally believed that the mean pH must not be less than an approximative value of 6.25. Numerous experimentations allowed to demonstrate that various diet characteristics have an influence on the ruminal pH. Considering the threshold value of 6.25, it is possible to define the corresponding recommended values for the various diet items. A part of the allowances are expressed as minimal values. Thus it is recommended that the diets contain a minimum of 35 % of NDF (% diet Dry matter), 25 % of forage NDF, 2.5 mm of mean particle size in the diets or 40 % of the diet dry matter hom particles larger than 2 mm. Other recommandations are under the form of constraints of maximum. Thus the concentrate proportion in the diet must remain below to around 45 %/DM. For starch, the corresponding value is of 25 % dry matter and for ruminal degradable starch, it is of 20 % of DM. Moreover, it is recommended that the index of mastication of the diets must be maintained to values greater than 40 min /kg DM intake. Otherwise, it known that high levels of intake induce a shorter transit time and a lower pH. in the rumen. Thus the mean pH presents values below the threshold of 6.25 when the level of DM intake is higher than about 2.5 % of live weight. Endly when the animal has a rate of intake, more than 50 g/min, pH values become less than 6.25. in case of high risk of acidosis, it is recommended to provide mineral buffers at an approximative rate of I to 2 % of DM intake. In conclusion, it is very important to characterise precisely the diets which are offered to ruminants by taking into account safety parameters in addition to the classical parameters of the nutritive value. An example of empirical prediction of the pH hom such criteria is given. C1 Dept Anim Sci, F-75345 Paris 05, France. USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sauvant, D (reprint author), Dept Anim Sci, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, F-75345 Paris 05, France. NR 29 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS CEDEX 07 PA 147 RUE DE L UNIVERSITE, 75338 PARIS CEDEX 07, FRANCE SN 0990-0632 J9 PROD ANIM JI Prod. Anim. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 184ET UT WOS:000079598000005 ER PT J AU Goyal, SK Seyfried, MS O'Neill, PE AF Goyal, SK Seyfried, MS O'Neill, PE TI Correction of surface roughness and topographic effects on airborne SAR in mountainous rangeland areas SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SOIL-MOISTURE ESTIMATION; BARE SOIL; SCATTERING MODEL; MICROWAVE; DEPENDENCE; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTER; CALIBRATION AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has potential use as a means of measuring soil-water content from space or high altitude airborne platforms. However, the signal from other landscape features, such as topography, vegetation, and surface roughness, may overwhelm and confound the soil moisture signal. Previous researchers tried to correct for topographic effects using incident angle (theta) as the most significant landscape variable. Those corrections were not effective because of the poor correlation between the SAR backscatter coefficient (sigma(0)) and theta. This may be attributed to surface roughness, vegetation effects, or low resolution digital elevation data. In this article, we determined the effects of vegetation, surface roughness, and topography on sigma(0). By comparing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the SAR-based vegetation index (SBVI), it was found that the sparse vegetation cover of sagebrush in the rangeland areas of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) does not affect L band HH polarization SAR sigma(0). Root mean square (RMS) height of surface (h), determined using L band copolarized SAR sigma(0) in an empirical algorithm (Dubois et al., 1995), helped in stratifying the study area into low and high surface roughness areas. The high surface roughness areas, determined using the algorithm, were found to match with very rocky and extremely rocky areas, classified using detailed soil type information in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The performance of theta-based correction function improved significantly after incorporating h into the mode. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1999. C1 Idaho Dept Water Resources, Boise, ID 83706 USA. ARS, USDA, Boise, ID USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Goyal, SK (reprint author), Idaho Dept Water Resources, 1301 N Orchard St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM sgoyal@idwr.state.id.us RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00077-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 160XB UT WOS:000078256200001 ER PT J AU Ehrenberg, BL Lamon-Fava, S Corbett, KE McNamara, JR Dallal, GE Schaefer, EJ AF Ehrenberg, BL Lamon-Fava, S Corbett, KE McNamara, JR Dallal, GE Schaefer, EJ TI Comparison of the effects of pravastatin and lovastatin on sleep disturbance in hypercholesterolemic subjects SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A; lovastatin; pravastatin; hypercholesterolemia ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; DISEASE; PLASMA AB We have studied the effects of two cholesterol-lowering medications, lovastatin and pravastatin, on different sleep parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects. These medications are 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors. Only subjects who had complained of sleep disturbance while on previous treatment with lovastatin were enrolled. Sixteen subjects (11 men and 5 women) underwent a randomized. double-blind, three-way crossover treatment with lovastatin, pravastatin, and placebo. Each phase of the study lasted 4 weeks. A placebo wash-out period of 4 weeks separated each treatment phase. At the end of each treatment phase, subjects were admitted to the sleep laboratory for 2 consecutive nights. No statistical differences were detected during treatment with lovastatin, pravastatin, and placebo for sleep parameters such as total sleep time, total awake time, wake time after sleep onset, efficiency of sleep, and percent of different phases of sleep. Our study suggests that lovastatin and pravastatin do not have a significant effect on sleep parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects that could explain their complaints of insomnia. Nevertheless, the subjects did have moderate sleep disturbances that could account for insomnia and most likely predate the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. C1 New England Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet Metab & Mol Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Div Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Ehrenberg, BL (reprint author), New England Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 750 Washington St,Box 4, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 211HR UT WOS:000081155300015 PM 9989373 ER PT J AU Contreras, A Paape, MJ Miller, RH AF Contreras, A Paape, MJ Miller, RH TI Prevalence of subclinical intramammary infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in a commercial dairy goat herd SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dairy goats; Staphylococcus epidermidis; somatic cell count; caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; MILK; LACTATION; MASTITIS; PATHOGENS; PARITY; UDDER; STAGE AB One herd with 138 lactating goats that had a high somatic cell count (SCC) in bulk tank milk was studied. Foremilk was sampled for bacteriology and SCC at two samplings 28 days apart on the Dairy Herd Improvement Association test day. Blood samples were obtained for serological analyses of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Bacterial intramammary infection (IMI) was diagnosed when the same pathogen was isolated twice from the same udder half. The prevalence of IMI was 34%. Most of the pathogens isolated (95.7%) were Staphylococcus spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant species (66.7%), and most of these had similar biochemical profiles. Seroprevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection as assayed by agar gel immunodiffusion was 94.3%. Composite SCC as compiled by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association averaged 10(6)/ml for the first sampling and 1.27x10(6)/ml for the second sampling. Uninfected right and left udder halves had a lower foremilk SCC (1.3 and 1.0x10(6)/ml, respectively) than the infected right and left udder halves (1.74 and 1.66x10(6)/ml), respectively, but only in the left halves was the difference significant. Halves infected by S. epidermidis averaged higher SCC (1.8x10(6)/ml) than the halves infected by other staphylococci (1.5 x 10(6)/ml). Milk SCC increased as parity increased. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. ARS, Immunol & Dis Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Contreras, A (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Fac Vet, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00147-3 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 172PX UT WOS:000078934000004 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL AF Goetsch, AL TI Growing and finishing performance by lambs differing in growth potential consuming diets during growing varying in levels of corn and lumen undegradable protein SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sheep; feed intake; growth; diet; supplementation ID REFED BEEF STEERS; AD-LIBITUM; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; FEED-INTAKE; NET FLUX; EFFICIENCY; NUTRIENTS; WETHERS; QUALITY; SHEEP AB Forty-eight 3.5-month-old lambs were used (2x2x2x2 factorial arrangement) to determine effects of corn and rumen undegradable protein (R) levels in growing diets on growing (56 days) and subsequent finishing (47 days) performance by lambs differing in growth potential. During the growing phase, the basal diet consisted of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) hay (8% CP) consumed ad libitum and 0.3% BW of soybean meal. Factors investigated were: 1.0 vs 2.5% BW (LC and HC, respectively) of ground corn; 0 vs 0.5% BW (S and SR, respectively) of a mixture of fish, feather, and blood meals (36, 27, and 37%, respectively); ewes vs wethers (17.91+/-0.63 and 19.2+/-0.66 kg initial BW, respectively); and Romanov (RV) x St. Croix vs Suffolk (SU) x St. Croix (18.2+/-0.61 and 18.7+/-0.63 kg initial BW, respectively). During the finishing phase, all lambs consumed ad libitum the same 80% concentrate, 20% CP diet. Dry matter intakes during growing (0.83, 0.96, 0.97, and 0.97 kg/day; SE=0.023) and finishing (1.47, 1.67, 1.66, and 1.56 kg/day for LC-S, LC-SR, HC-S, and HC-SR, respectively; SE=0.052) were affected by interactions (p=0.05) between corn and R levels. Corn and R levels increased (p less than or equal to 0.02) mass of fat (4.68, 5.82, 6.25, and 7.02 kg; SE=0.271) and protein (3.91, 4.11, 4.15, and 4.40 kg for LC-S, LC-SR, HC-S, and HC-SR, respectively; SE=0.031) after growing, although effects, particularly those of corn level, varied with sire breed [fat: 5.49, 5.01, 6.13, and 7.15 kg (SE=0.286); protein: 4.07, 3.96, 4.18, and 4.37 kg for RV-LC, RV-HC, SU-LC, and SU-HC, respectively (SE=0.065)]. Dietary corn level during growing increased accretion of empty BW [268, 258, 289, and 276 g/day; SE=9.3 (p=0.10)] and fat [151, 152, 167, and 164 g/day for LC-S, LC-SR, HC-S, and HC-SR, respectively; SE=5.9 (p=0.08)] during finishing. In conclusion, different concentrate levels and types during growing may comparably affect growth during growing, but can have dissimilar impact on finishing performance, and such effects are more likely to vary with growth potential as affected by genotype than gender. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00137-0 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 172PX UT WOS:000078934000010 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Shao, M AF Jaynes, DB Shao, M TI Evaluation of a simple technique for estimating two-domain transport parameters SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solute transport; two-domain model; mobile-immobile water; inverse methods; tracers; infiltrometer ID IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ION-EXCHANGE; POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL; COEFFICIENT; MODELS AB A simple method has been proposed for estimating the fraction of mobile water (beta) and the solute transfer rate coefficient (omega) of the mobile-immobile (MIM) solute transport model. The method is based on a log-linear solution to the MIM equations that are simplified by assuming that dispersion, D, is negligible and that the tracer concentration in the mobile domain is equal to the input tracer concentration. We evaluated these assumptions by computing parameter estimates with the log-linear solution and the solution to the complete MIM equations with D preset to a negligible value using synthetic data sets created for a range of transport conditions. We found the assumption of negligible D to be valid for Peclet numbers, P, > 100 at any omega and for omega < 0.01 at any P, For P < 0.3, D is too large to assume negligible and obtain accurate parameter estimates for most omega values. At omega > 1, the solute transport system effectively degenerates into a single mobile domain, and the approach performs poorly for most P values. At intermediate P and omega conditions, the accuracy of the method depends on the specific transport conditions determined by P, omega, and beta, The log-linear solution to the MIM equations provided worse estimates of beta and omega across much of the omega and P range reported in the literature than the complete solution with a small preset value of D, A modified version of the log-linear solution that relaxed the assumption of resident tracer concentration equal to in-put concentration yielded accurate parameter estimates for a wider range of conditions than the log-linear solution but a smaller range than the complete solution. When applied to a set of measured data from two soils, the three estimation methods gave similar values for beta and omega values within a factor of 1.5. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Natl Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1097/00010694-199902000-00002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 171FP UT WOS:000078852400002 ER PT J AU Buschiazzo, DE Zobeck, TM Aimar, SB AF Buschiazzo, DE Zobeck, TM Aimar, SB TI Wind erosion in loess soils of the Semiarid Argentinian Pampas SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aeolian processes; saltation; dust; aerosols AB This study is the first effort to measure wind erosion in the field in South America. Wind erosion of two bare soils, a loamy sand surface Typic Ustipsamment and a sandy loam surface Entic Haplustoll of the Semiarid Argentinian Pampas, were measured in the field during wind storms that started on June 16 (mean wind speed = 14 km/h; storm duration 103 h) and June 30 (mean wind speed = 21.4 km/h; storm duration 25 h) of 1995, Measurements were made with dust samplers placed at heights of 0.135, 0.54, and 1.47 m within a 1-ha field. Mass nux (amount of eroded material within a given time) was larger in the Ustipsamment soils than in the Haplustoll soils in both storms. A maximum amount of transported dust was found within the limits of the studied field (100 x 100 m(2)) during the June 16 wind storm and outside the studied field during the June 30 wind storm. This was attributed to the variation in wind direction on June 16, The total amount of material eroded from the field during each storm reached 1.82 mt ha(-1) in the Ustipsamment and 0.29 mt ha(-1) in the Haplustoll on June 16 and 0.98 mt ha(-1) in the Ustipsamment and 0.75 mt ha(-1) in the Haplustoll on June 30, Wind velocity was high enough to erode the loosened Ustipsamment but not the better structured Haplustoll on June 16, On June 30, wind velocity was high enough to erode both soils, but a shorter storm duration did not allow the erosion of large amounts of soil. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EEA INTA Anguil, RA-6326 Anguil, Argentina. Univ Nac La Pampa, Fac Agron, RA-6300 Santa Rose, Argentina. RP Buschiazzo, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rte 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 13 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1097/00010694-199902000-00008 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 171FP UT WOS:000078852400007 ER PT J AU Johnson, RA Evans, JW Green, DW AF Johnson, RA Evans, JW Green, DW TI Nonparametric Bayesian predictive distributions for future order statistics SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet process; predictive distributions; monitoring quality AB We derive the predictive distribution for a specified order statistic, determined from a future random sample, under a Dirichlet process prior. Two variants of the approach are treated and some limiting cases studied. A practical application to monitoring the strength of lumber is discussed, including choices of prior expectation, and comparisons made to a Bayesian parametric approach. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rich@stat.wisc.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0167-7152(98)00161-8 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 155EE UT WOS:000077932600005 ER PT J AU Anandjiwala, RD Goswami, BC Bragg, CK Bargeron, JD AF Anandjiwala, RD Goswami, BC Bragg, CK Bargeron, JD TI Structure-property relationship of blended cotton yarns made from low and high tenacity fibers SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRAIN RATE; RING-SPUN; SPINNABILITY AB The tensile response of staple yarns is usually determined by their structure and the mechanical properties of their constituent fibers. Yam structure is influenced by the radial disposition of fibers along the yam length, commonly known as migration, and the packing density of the fibers in the yam cross section. These, in turn, are affected by fiber properties, yam factors, and the dynamics of preparatory and spinning processes. Yam structure development is further complicated when the yam is spun from blends of different fiber types because the blending method usually profoundly influences the position and orientation of the fibers in the yam matrix. This investigation is concerned with the effect of fiber properties and yam structure on the tensile properties of ring spun yarns made from a 50:50 blend of high (Pima) and low (Upland) tenacity cotton fibers spun using intimate and drawframe blending techniques. The drawframe blended yam in this work is produced by arranging all high tenacity fiber slivers in the center of the drawframe creel to determine if preferential positioning in the core of the yam helps to improve the strength of drawframe blended yam compared with intimate blended yarns. The findings reveal that intimate blended yam has better tensile strength than drawframe blended yam, even though more high strength Pima cotton fibers are positioned in the core of the yam. This is because non-uniform fiber distribution resulting from blending of different fibers affects the migratory behavior of fibers. The tensile failure of such yarns is governed by the mode of fiber breakage and fiber slippage as determined by the yam structure-fiber distribution and migration-rather than predominantly by fiber breakage compared with strength. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Text Fiber & Polymer Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Anandjiwala, RD (reprint author), Arvind Mills Ltd, Narottam Lalbhai Res Ctr, Naroda Rd, Ahmedabad 380025, Gujarat, India. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1177/004051759906900208 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 166DV UT WOS:000078561700008 ER PT J AU Bevers, M Flather, CH AF Bevers, M Flather, CH TI Numerically exploring habitat fragmentation effects on populations using cell-based coupled map lattices SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial models; dispersal; population persistence; critical patch size; critical patch arrangement; spatial heterogeneity; reaction-diffusion; metapopulations ID MODELS; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; EXTINCTION; DIFFUSION; STABILITY; SHAPE AB We examine habitat size, shape, and arrangement effects on populations using a discrete reaction-diffusion model. Diffusion is modeled passively and applied to a cellular grid of territories forming a coupled map lattice. Dispersal mortality is proportional to the amount of nonhabitat and fully occupied habitat surrounding a given cell, with distance decay. After verifying that our model produces the results expected for single patches of uniform habitat, we investigate heterogeneous and fragmented model landscapes. In heterogeneous single-patch systems near critical patch size, populations approach Gaussian spatial distributions with total population constrained by the capacity of the most limiting cell. In fragmented habitat landscapes, threshold effects are more complex and parametrically sensitive. The results from our experiments suggest the following: the ability to achieve persistence in hyper-dispersed patchy habitats by adding similarly fragmented patches requires meeting threshold reproduction rates; persistent metapopulations in which no local population is individually persistent appear when dispersal distances and reproduction rates are both high, but only within narrow parameter ranges that are close to extinction thresholds; successful use of stepping-stone patches to support metapopulation systems appears unlikely for passively diffusing species; elongated patches offer early colonization advantages, but blocky patches offer greater population resilience near extinction thresholds. A common theme running through our findings is that population viability estimates may depend on our ability to determine when population and habitat systems are approaching extinction threshold conditions, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bevers, M (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mbevers@lamar.colostate.edu RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1006/tpbi.1998.1392 PG 16 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 166DF UT WOS:000078560400005 PM 9925809 ER PT J AU Tang, ZM Chambers, JL Guddanti, S Barnett, JP AF Tang, ZM Chambers, JL Guddanti, S Barnett, JP TI Thinning, fertilization, and crown position interact to control physiological responses of loblolly pine SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; Pinus taeda; PPFD; stomatal conductance; temperature; transpiration; water status ID 5 GROWING SEASONS; DOUGLAS-FIR; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; EXCHANGE; STANDS; TREES; EFFICIENCY AB To examine physiological responses to thinning, fertilization, and crown position, we measured net photosynthesis (P-n), transpiration (E), vapor pressure difference (VPD), stomatal conductance (g(s)), and xylem pressure potential (Psi(1)) between 0930 and 1130 h under ambient conditions in the upper and lower crowns of a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation six years (1994) after the treatments were applied. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and air temperature (T-a) within the canopy were also recorded. Needle P-n of thinned trees was significantly enhanced by 22-54% in the lower crown, because canopy PPFD increased by 28-52%. Lower crown foliage of thinned plots also had higher E and g(s) than foliage of unthinned plots, but thinning had no effect on needle Psi(1) and predawn xylem pressure potential (0430-0530 h; Psi(pd)) Tree water status did not limit P-n, E and g(s) during the late-morning measurements. Fertilization significantly decreased within-canopy PPFD and T-a. Needle Psi(1) was increased in fertilized stands, whereas P-n, E and g(s) were not significantly altered. Upper crown foliage had significantly greater PPFD, P-n, VPD, g(s), E, and more negative Psi(1) than lower crown foliage. In both crown positions, needle P-n was closely related to g(s), PPFD and T-a (R-2 = 0.77 for the upper crown and 0.82 for the lower crown). We conclude that (1) silvicultural manipulation causes microclimate changes within the crowns of large trees, and (2) needle physiology adjusts to the within-crown environmental conditions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Tang, ZM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 163ZB UT WOS:000078436000003 ER PT J AU Lo Bianco, R Rieger, M Sung, SJS AF Lo Bianco, R Rieger, M Sung, SJS TI Carbohydrate metabolism of vegetative and reproductive sinks in the late-maturing peach cultivar 'Encore' SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid invertase; fruit; growth; neutral invertase; shoot tips; sorbitol dehydrogenase; sorbitol oxidase; sucrose; sucrose synthase ID APPLE FRUIT; SORBITOL METABOLISM; TOMATO FRUITS; SUCROSE; LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; INVERTASE; ENZYMES; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB Activities of NAD(+)-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDI-I), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase (AI), and neutral invertase (NI) in 'Encore' peach (Prunus persica L.) fruits and developing shoot tips were assayed during the growing season to determine whether carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes could serve as indicators of sink strength. In fruit flesh, SS activity was detected during Stage I of growth, when cells were actively dividing, and SDH activity was detected during Stage III, when cells were actively enlarging. Acid invertase activity was detected during Stage I and showed a closer correlation with relative increase in fruit weight during the growing season than SS activity. During seed filling and pit hardening (Stage II), when relative fruit growth rate was slowest, activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in fruit flesh were not detectable. No SOX activity was detected during Stages I and II. The highest sucrose content occurred near the end of fruit development when the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes were low. In developing shoot tips, the sorbitol:sucrose ratio was 2:1 (w/w) and SDH activity was low at the beginning and end of the season when vegetative growth was slowest. The sorbitol:sucrose ratio changed to 1:1 (w/w) along with an increase in SDH activity in shoot tips during the mid-growing season. In 'Nemaguard' peach, SDH exhibited higher activity in root tips than in other organs. Among the sorbitol- and sucrose-metabolizing enzyme activities, only SDH activity was positively correlated with shoot growth in 'Nemaguard' plants. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Inst Tree Root Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lo Bianco, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Lo Bianco, Riccardo/M-3724-2015 OI Lo Bianco, Riccardo/0000-0003-2568-2880 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 163ZB UT WOS:000078436000005 ER PT J AU Edwards, PJ Gregory, JD Allen, HL AF Edwards, PJ Gregory, JD Allen, HL TI Seasonal sulfate deposition and export patterns for a small Appalachian watershed SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE inputs; outputs; seasonal accumulations; seasonal deficits; soil leachate ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; SULFUR RETENTION; HARDWOOD FOREST; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; SITES AB Sulfate deposition and exports from 1988-92 were analyzed for a small headwater catchment in north-central West Virginia. Annual sulfate inputs, estimated by applying throughfall-adjusted ratios to bulk deposition values, and outputs were approximately equal for the five years. Annual mean throughfall-adjusted deposition and export loads were 55.78 and 55.48 kg ha(-1),respectively. While these results indicate the watershed has reached sulfate equilibrium relative to current deposition levels, seasonal sulfate accumulations and deficits were evident. Deposition and exports averaged 5.61 and 2.49 kg ha(-1) mo(-1), respectively, during the growing season, and 3.69 and 5.22 kg ha(-1) mo(-1) during the dormant season. Sulfur accumulated within the soil during the growing season mo because inputs of wet and dry sulfur deposition were high while outputs were negligible. The latter was due largely to the lack of runoff resulting from high evapotranspirational demands. By contrast, net sulfate losses occurred during dormant seasons, primarily due to high runoff, even though inputs declined during this season. Researchers working on other watersheds have interpreted similar input/output patterns to mean that sulfate accumulated during the growing season is the source of sulfate exported during the dormant season. However, radioisotopic evidence from a companion study on this watershed showed that some labeled sulfate applied to the watershed more than a year earlier was still present in the organic and mineral soil layers at the point of application (with some as soluble sulfate), and in soil water dispersed throughout the watershed. Tts presence indicates that dormant season exports can originate from sulfate deposited over longer periods than just the previous growing season or even previous year. Volume-weighted concentrations in soil leachate suggest that dormant-season sulfate losses resulted from progressive depletion of the anion through the soil profile. During the fall and early winter, soluble sulfate was depleted in the upper soil horizons; in later winter, depletion occurred in the lower horizons. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Sch Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1023/A:1005087421791 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 170GP UT WOS:000078798200009 ER PT J AU Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Louie, P Leavesley, G Emerson, D Hanson, CL Golubev, VS Elomaa, E Gunther, T Pangburn, T Kang, E Milkovic, J AF Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Louie, P Leavesley, G Emerson, D Hanson, CL Golubev, VS Elomaa, E Gunther, T Pangburn, T Kang, E Milkovic, J TI Quantification of precipitation measurement discontinuity induced by wind shields on national gauges SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POINT PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY; VARIABILITY; CANADA AB Various combinations of wind shields and national precipitation gauges commonly used in countries of the northern hemisphere have been studied in this paper, using the combined intercomparison data collected at 14 sites during the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Project. The results show that wind shields improve gauge catch of precipitation, particularly for snow. Shielded gauges, on average, measure 20-70% more snow than unshielded gauges. Without a doubt, the use of wind shields on precipitation gauges has introduced a significant discontinuity into precipitation records,particularly in cold and windy regions. This discontinuity is not constant and it varies with wind speed, temperature, and precipitation type. Adjustment for this discontinuity is necessary to obtain homogenous precipitation data for climate change and hydrological studies. The relation of the relative catch ratio (RCR, ratio of measurements of shielded gauge to unshielded gauge) versus wind speed and temperature has been developed for Alter and Tretyakov wind shields. Strong linear relations between measurements of shielded gauge and unshielded gauge have also been found for different precipitation types. The linear relation does not fully take into account the varying effect of wind and temperature on gauge catch. Overadjustment by the linear relation may occur at those sites with lower wind speeds, and underadjustment may occur at those stations with higher wind speeds. The RCR technique is anticipated to be more applicable in a wide range of climate conditions. The RCR technique and the linear relation have been tested at selected WMO intercomparison stations, and reasonable agreement between the adjusted amounts and the shielded gauge measurements was obtained at most of the sites. Test application of the developed methodologies to a regional or national network is therefore recommended to further evaluate their applicability in different climate conditions. Significant increase of precipitation is expected due to the adjustment particularly in high latitudes and other cold regions. This will have a meaningful impact on climate variation and change analyses. C1 Inst Global Change Res, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Atmospher Environm Serv, Climate Res Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. Finnish Meteorol Inst, SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland. German Weather Serv, D-1115 Berlin, Germany. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lanzhou Inst Glaciol & Geocryol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Hydrometeorol Inst, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Yang, DQ (reprint author), Inst Global Change Res, Minato Ku, SEAVANS Bldg N,7th Floor,1-2-1 Shibaura, Tokyo, Japan. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 491 EP 508 DI 10.1029/1998WR900042 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 160FY UT WOS:000078220800013 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM Swanson, FJ AF Wondzell, SM Swanson, FJ TI Floods, channel change, and the hyporheic zone SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 4TH-ORDER MOUNTAIN STREAM; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LOTIC DISTURBANCE; HEADWATER STREAMS; 3RD-ORDER STREAM; WATER EXCHANGE; STORM DYNAMICS; SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER; RETENTION AB We investigated the influence of flood-induced channel changes on the hyporheic zone of 4th- and 5th-order reaches of a mountain stream network. Preflood versus postflood comparisons were made in three study reaches from well networks established before and reestablished after a major flood. Flood effects were scale dependent and varied with channel constraint and the dominant channel forming process. Large changes were observed in unconstrained stream reaches where channel incision drove large changes in subsurface flow paths and the extent of the hyporheic zone. However, subreach scale differences were apparent. In the lower portion of the studied reach, channel incision lowered the water table, leading to abandonment of secondary channels, and decreased the extent of the hyporheic zone that previously extended more than 30 m into the floodplain. In contrast, the extent of the hyporheic zone increased at the head of the studied reach where channel incision steepened head gradients through a meander bend. In another unconstrained reach, lateral channel jumps dramatically altered exchange flow paths. However, the extensive hyporheic zone was maintained throughout the reach. Less change was observed in the constrained stream reach where both the depth and area of sediment available to be reworked by the flood were limited by bedrock constraining the width of the valley floor. This flood dramatically changed the hyporheic zone at the three study sites and these physical changes are expected to be biologically important, considering the role of the hyporheic zone in stream ecosystem processes. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 50 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1029/1998WR900047 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 160FY UT WOS:000078220800019 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Sutherland, JB Tanner, LA Henderson, AL Cerniglia, CE AF Castlebury, LA Sutherland, JB Tanner, LA Henderson, AL Cerniglia, CE TI Short Communication: Use of a bioassay to evaluate the toxicity of beauvericin to bacteria SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobes; bacteria; beauvericin; bioassay; mycotoxins ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORN AB An agar diffusion bioassay was used to compare the sensitivities of bacteria to the mycotoxin beauvericin. Bacillus pumilus LACB101 was inhibited by filter-paper disks containing 0.1 mu g of beauvericin; B. cereus, B. mycoides, B. sphaericus, Paenibacillus alvei, P. azotofixans, P. macquariensis, and P. pulvifaciens by 1 mu g; and P. validus by 25 mu g. The anaerobes Eubacterium biforme, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, P. productus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Clostridium perfringens were also inhibited by beauvericin. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Sutherland, JB (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 200PK UT WOS:000080548800022 ER PT J AU Feresu, SB Bolin, CA van de Kemp, H Korver, H AF Feresu, SB Bolin, CA van de Kemp, H Korver, H TI Identification of a serogroup Bataviae Leptospira strain isolated from an ox in Zimbabwe SO ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY PARASITOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; INTERROGANS; CATTLE; SEROVARS AB A strain belonging to the genus Leptospira serogroup Bataviae, isolated from an ox at slaughter in Zimbabwe, was identified by using cross-agglutinin absorption, the monoclonal antibody, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Results of both serological tests used showed that the isolate (strain SBF 37) was antigenically similar to reference strain Paidjan and therefore belongs to serovar paidjan. Strain SBF 37 was, however, genetically different from strain Paidjan since their chromosomal DNA had different restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. The Zimbabwe paidjan strain was identified as belonging to the species Leptospira kirschneri while strain Paidjan reacted as a member of one of the non-kiuschneri species in the polymerase chain reaction. The Zimbabwe isolate therefore belongs to Leptospira kirschneri serovar paidjan. C1 Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biol Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Royal Trop Inst, NH Swellengrebel Lab Trop Hyg, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Feresu, SB (reprint author), Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biol Sci, Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0934-8840 J9 ZBL BAKT-INT J MED M JI Zent.bl. Bakteriol.-Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 289 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 172WE UT WOS:000078947600003 PM 10096163 ER PT J AU Legendre, BL Clarke, MA Godshall, MA Grisham, MP AF Legendre, BL Clarke, MA Godshall, MA Grisham, MP TI Developments in sugarcane agriculture that affect processing SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article AB Extensive research shows that sugarcane quality directly affects sugar yield and quality. Quality can be influenced by ever-changing developments in sugarcane agriculture including new cultivars, chemical ripeners, cultural practices and harvesting systems, and new disease and insect pests. These developments differentially affect the yield of sugar per unit area and the cane and juice quality. Additional research has shown that these changing developments can have serious deleterious effects on the levels of soluble solids, sucrose, purity, fiber, reducing sugars, total polysaccharides including starch and dextran, phenolics, inorganic ash, proanthocyanidin, and other parameters of cane or juice. This paper will discuss how these developments in sugarcane agriculture affect processing. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. Sugar Proc Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Legendre, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD FEB PY 1999 VL 124 IS 2 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 172WY UT WOS:000078949500009 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH AF Ralphs, MH TI Lithium residue in milk from doses used to condition taste aversions and effects on nursing calves SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lithium chloride; conditioned taste aversion; milk; lactation; cattle ID FOOD AVERSIONS; LAMBS; MOTHER; CATTLE; ACQUISITION; AVOIDANCE; SELECTION; INGESTION; TOXICOSIS; NAIVE AB Lithium chloride (LiCI) is the principal emetic used to condition food aversions in livestock. The objective of this study was to determine if lithium (Li) is excreted in milk in sufficient quantities to avert nursing calves to their mothers milk. In trial I, three lactating cows were gavaged with LiCI at 100, 150 and 200 mg / kg BW. Milk production and lithium concentration in blood serum and milk was measured periodically for 96 h. Milk production declined 20% the first day following dosing, but increased to pretreatment levels by 96 h. Lithium in blood and milk peaked at 10 h after dosing, then declined to pretreatment levels by 96 h. Peak blood serum levels for the 200 mg LiCl/kg dose was 19.3 ppm, compared to 13.8 and 11.5 ppm for the 150 and 100 mg/kg dose respectively. Peak Li level in milk was 4 ppm for the 200 mg/kg dose. Total Li excreted in milk during the first 24 h was 16.8 mg at this dose. The calculated minimum Li required to create an aversion in a 100 kg calf was 1400 mg. Calves' behavioral response to Li in their mothers' milk was observed in trial 2. Milk intake declined 10% following dosing their mothers with 200 mg/kg LiCI, presumably because of the reduction in milk production, as we observed in trial 1. However, there was no difference in nursing time before of after dosing their mothers. Lithium in calves' blood serum was negligible. There was no observable adverse effect of the low Li levels in the cows milk, suggesting there is no threat of averting calves to their mothers milk when using LiCI to avert the cows to poisonous plants. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00199-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 159XN UT WOS:000078200800002 ER PT J AU Von Beust, BR Brown, WC Estes, DM Zarlenga, DS McElwain, TF Palmer, GH AF Von Beust, BR Brown, WC Estes, DM Zarlenga, DS McElwain, TF Palmer, GH TI Development and in vitro characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing bovine leukemia virus gp51 in combination with bovine IL4 or IL12 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccinia virus; bovine IL12; bovine IL4 ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; T-CELL RESPONSES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INTERLEUKIN-12; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; CLONING; GENE AB Type 1 and type 2 immune responses are modulated by IL12 or IL4, respectively, at the time of lymphocyte priming. Importantly, type 1 responses have been associated with resistance to retroviral infection in mice, humans, and ruminants. Specifically, vaccination of sheep with vaccinia virus expressing bovine leukemia virus (BLV) gp51 resulted in protective immunity with the characteristics of a type I response, whereas vaccination of cattle resulted in a non-protective type 2 response. In order to test the hypothesis that cattle inoculated with BLV gp51 and IL12 will respond with a type 1 response, a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BLV gp51 together with bovine IL12 was developed and characterized in vitro. For induction of type 2 responses a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp5I with bovine IL4 was similarly constructed and characterized. In this study recombinant cassettes were developed containing either the BLVenv gene alone or in combination with bovine IL4 or the two genes, p35 and p40, encoding bovine IL12. Correct alignment with p7.5 or p11 vaccinia promoters and orientation was confirmed by complete sequencing. Recombinant vaccinia viruses were generated by homologous recombination, selected based on large plaque formation due to reconstitution of the vp37 gene, and structurally confirmed by Southern blotting. Transcription of recombinant BLVenv, bovine IL4, p35 and p40 was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Expression of BLVenv gp51 protein and bovine IL4 was shown by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Biologically active bovine IL4 expressed by vaccinia virus stimulated lymphoblast proliferation, B lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of CD40L, and inhibited IFN gamma, secretion from PHA activated PBMC in a dose dependent fashion. Finally, bovine IL12 expression and biological function was confirmed by dose dependent induction of IFN gamma secretion by PHA activated PBMC and the moderate enhancement of lymphoblast proliferation. In conclusion, bovine IL12 and IL4 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in vitro clearly exhibited type 1-type 2 modulating properties. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Immunobiol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Von Beust, BR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5-K11-AI01281] NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 28 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 384 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00208-4 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 146EB UT WOS:000077414100012 PM 9987178 ER PT J AU Gamble, HR Bush, E AF Gamble, HR Bush, E TI Seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in domestic swine based on the National Animal Health Monitoring System's 1990 and 1995 swine surveys SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella spiralis; trichinellosis; enzyme immunoassay; swine; food safety; public health ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRICHINOSIS OUTBREAK; SLAUGHTERHOUSES AB Swine sera collected by the US Department of Agriculture's Center for Animal Health Monitoring during 1990 and 1995 was tested for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis using an enzyme immunoassay. From a total of 3048 sera collected from lactating sows in 1990, five sera tested positive for a prevalence of 0.16%. From a total of 7987 sera collected from both finishing pigs and gestating sows in 1995, one serum was positive for a prevalence of 0.013%. Responses to questionnaires administered at the time of serum collection showed that seropositive farms had management variables consistent with known risk factors for exposure to trichinae. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gamble, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN 28 PY 1999 VL 80 IS 4 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00232-5 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 158YC UT WOS:000078144200004 PM 9950336 ER PT J AU Gao, F Yates, SR AF Gao, F Yates, SR TI Laboratory study of closed and dynamic flux chambers: Experimental results and implications for field application (vol 103, pg 26,115, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Correction C1 Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Air Qual Management Sect, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Phys & Pesticide Unit, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Air Qual Management Sect, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D2 BP 2209 EP 2209 DI 10.1029/1998JD200127 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160QJ UT WOS:000078242200024 ER PT J AU Gao, F Yates, SR AF Gao, F Yates, SR TI Simulation of enclosure-based methods for measuring gas emissions from soil to the atmosphere (vol 103, pg 26,127, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Correction C1 Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Air Qual Management Sect, Dover, DE 19901 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Phys & Pesticide Unit, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Air Qual Management Sect, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D2 BP 2211 EP 2211 DI 10.1029/1998JD200128 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160QJ UT WOS:000078242200025 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA Sterba, H AF Monserud, RA Sterba, H TI Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE growth model; mixed-species; mortality; stand simulation; survival ID AREA INCREMENT MODEL; STANDS; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; PINE; APPLICABILITY; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; CROWN AB Individual tree mortality models were developed for the six major forest species of Austria: Norway spruce (Picea abies), white fir (Abies alba), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus silvatica), and oak (Quercus spp.); a joint model for the remaining broadleaf species was also developed. Data came from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent plot network of the Austrian National Forest Inventory. Parameters of the logistic equation were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. For all species, we found the hyperbolic transformation of diameter (D-1) to be highly significant in predicting the high mortality rates for small diameter trees and decreasing mortality rates for larger diameters. For spruce, a quadratic transformation in D was needed to accurately model the increase in mortality observed for large, low-vigor trees with diameter >70 cm, which resulted in a U-shaped distribution. Crown ratio was also consistently significant, except for oak. We likewise found basal-area-in-larger-trees (BAL) to be a highly significant predictor of mortality rate for all species except fir and oak. Predicted mortality rate increases as the basal area in larger trees increases and as crown ratio decreases. The resulting logistic mortality model had the same general form for all species, with the signs of all parameters conforming to expectations. In general, chi-square statistics indicate that the most important variable is D-L, th, second most important is crown ratio, and the third most important predictor is BAL. The relative importance of crown ratio appears to be greater for shade tolerant species (fir, beech, spruce) than for shade intolerant species (larch, Scots pine, oak). Examination of graphs of observed vs. predicted mortality rates reveals that the species-specific mortality models are all well behaved, and match the observed mortality rates quite well. The D-1 transformation is flexible, as can be seen by comparing rather different mortality rates of larch and Scots pine. Predicted and observedmortality rates with respect to crown ratio are quite close to the observed mortality rates for all but the smallest crown ratios (CR<20%), a class with very few observations. Finally, the logistic mortality models passed a validation test on independent data not used in parameter estimation. The key ingredient for obtaining a good mortality model is a data set that is both large and representative of the population under study, and the Austrian National Forest Inventory data satisfy both requirements. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Agr Univ Vienna, Inst Waldwachstumsforsch, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 SW yamhill 200, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 66 TC 184 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 1999 VL 113 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00419-8 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 158AZ UT WOS:000078095000001 ER PT J AU Brose, P Van Lear, D Cooper, R AF Brose, P Van Lear, D Cooper, R TI Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Liriodendron; oak regeneration; prescribed fire; Quercus; shelterwood system; yellow-poplar ID DISTURBANCE; SEEDLINGS; AMERICA; FOREST AB Regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region is a major problem because of intense competition from yellow-poplar. As a potential solution to this problem, we tested the hypothesis that a shelterwood harvest of an oak-dominated stand, followed several years later by a prescribed fire, would adequately regenerate the stand. Three oak-dominated stands, in which shelterwood harvests had been conducted several years earlier, were each divided into spring burn, summer burn, winter burn, and control treatments. Three years after the prescribed fires, oak had higher density and stocking in burned as compared to unburned areas while yellow-poplar had its highest density and stocking in the controls. Season-of-burn interacted with fire intensity to create several probable outcomes of stand development. Areas treated with high-intensity fire during the spring will develop into oak-dominated stands after just one burn. Controls and areas treated with low-intensity fire will become dominated by yellow-poplar. Other combinations of fire intensity and season-of-burn will produce mixed hardwood stands with varying proportions of oak. Combining shelterwood harvesting with prescribed fire appears to be a viable method for regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region and may be applicable elsewhere. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Brose, P (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 47 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 1999 VL 113 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00423-X PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 158AZ UT WOS:000078095000002 ER PT J AU Waldrop, TA Brose, PH AF Waldrop, TA Brose, PH TI A comparison of fire intensity levels for stand replacement of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed burning; fire severity; discriminant function analysis; insolation; serotiny AB Stand-replacement prescribed fire has been recommended to regenerate stands of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) in the southern Appalachian mountains because the species has serotinous cones and is shade-intolerant. A 350 ha prescribed fire in northeast Georgia provided an opportunity to observe overstory mortality and regeneration of table mountain pine at various levels of fire intensity. Fire intensity for each of 60 study plots was classified by discriminant function analysis. Fires of low and medium-low intensity gave rise to abundant regeneration but may not have killed enough of the overstory to prevent shading. High-intensity fires killed almost all overstory trees but may have destroyed some of the seeds. Fires of medium-high intensity may have been the best choice; they killed overstory trees and allowed abundant regeneration. The forest floor remained thick after fires of all intensities, but roots of pine seedlings penetrated duff layers up to 7.5 cm thick to reach the mineral soil. In this study area, fire intensity levels did not have to reach extreme levels in order to successfully regenerate table mountain pine. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Waldrop, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 239 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 1999 VL 113 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00422-8 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 158AZ UT WOS:000078095000004 ER PT J AU Agassi, M Bradford, JM AF Agassi, M Bradford, JM TI Methodologies for interrill soil erosion studies SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interrill erodibility; rainfall intensity; natural rainstorms ID SIMULATED RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS; SPLASH DETACHMENT; ERODIBILITY VARIATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SINGLE WATERDROP; RAINDROP IMPACT; LASER SCANNER; RUNOFF; INTENSITY; SLOPE AB Due to wide range of experimental techniques reported in the literature for determining interrill erodibility and soil loss values, meaningful comparisons between experiments often cannot be made. Furthermore, inaccurate concepts are developed because erosion processes are dependent upon methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss problems related to both laboratory and field rainfall simulator experiments. Rainfall simulators cannot duplicate a wide range of rainfall intensities and, at the same time, have similar energies as natural rainstorms, unless several different nozzles are used. Rainfall intensity in most simulators is created by varying the frequency of spray oscillation. This intermittent spray characteristic of most simulators, and the constant drop size characteristic of other simulators, greatly affects results. Erosion pan design for laboratory studies and preparation of soil samples placed in the pans also can influence erosion results. We conclude that standardization of rainfall simulator design and test procedures will allow better comparison of erosion results to be made among researchers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Rupin Inst, Soil Eros Res Stn, IL-40250 Emek Hefer, Israel. RP Bradford, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM bradford@pop.tamu.edu NR 87 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN 18 PY 1999 VL 49 IS 4 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00182-2 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 165RD UT WOS:000078534300001 ER PT J AU Sugiura, SH Raboy, V Young, KA Dong, FM Hardy, RW AF Sugiura, SH Raboy, V Young, KA Dong, FM Hardy, RW TI Availability of phosphorus and trace elements in low-phytate varieties of barley and corn for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; phytate; corn; barley; bioavailability; sustainability ID CHANNEL CATFISH; ZINC; PHOSPHATE AB Approximately two-thirds of phosphorus in various grains is present as phytate, which is not well-utilized by fish and other monogastric species. Besides its low availability of phosphorus, phytate is reported to reduce the availability of other dietary nutrients to animals. Single-gene, non-lethal low phytic acid (Ipa) mutations in corn and barley cause the seed to store most of the phosphorus as inorganic phosphorus instead of as phytate phosphorus. Theoretically, using these mutant grains containing lower levels of phytate in animal feeds should reduce phosphorus excretion by the animals, provided that available phosphorus levels in feeds containing these grains are appropriately adjusted downward. This study was conducted as a first step to determine if the biological availability of phosphorus in the low-phytate mutants of barley, dent corn and flint corn differed significantly from that in ordinary grains for fish. Also of interest was the effect, if any, on the availability of other minerals in formulated feeds containing the low-phytate grains. Feeding trials demonstrated that the apparent availability of phosphorus in low-phytate grains was significantly higher than that in ordinary grains when they were combined with low-ash ingredients. Fecal phosphorus content (on average) decreased 50.2% (in phytate-phosphorus) or 42.9% (in total phosphorus) by replacing ordinary grains with low-phytate grains in the low-ash diets. The apparent availabilities of calcium, iron, zinc and strontium also were significantly higher in the low-ash diet containing low-phytate dent corn than that containing ordinary dent corn. However, no such increase was observed with low-phytate barley or low-phytate flint corn over their counterpart grains in either calcium, iron or zinc. The apparent availabilities of copper, manganese, magnesium, potassium and sodium were not significantly different between ordinary and low-phytate grains. The apparent digestibility of dry matter also was not significantly different between ordinary and low-phytate grains. The results of this study suggest that a substantial reduction of phosphorus discharge from fish, poultry and animal farms could be achieved simply by replacing ordinary grains with low-phytate mutant grains in low-ash feeds. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F,Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 170 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00414-1 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 155AZ UT WOS:000077924800009 ER PT J AU Mikaelian, I Tremblay, MP Montpetit, C Tessaro, SV Cho, HJ House, C Measures, L Martineau, D AF Mikaelian, I Tremblay, MP Montpetit, C Tessaro, SV Cho, HJ House, C Measures, L Martineau, D TI Seroprevalence of selected viral infections in a population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus lecuas) in Canada SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1; INCIDENTAL LESIONS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES; BRITISH WATERS; MORTALITY; PARASITES; DISTEMPER; DOLPHINS; LEUCAS C1 Canadian Cooperat Hlth Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Ctr Quebecois Sante Anim Sauvages, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Univ Quebec, Inst Armand Frappier, Minist Agr Pecheries & Alimentat Quebec, Laval, PQ H7N 4Z3, Canada. Agr Canada, Anim Dis Res Inst, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada. USDA ARS, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mt Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Martineau, D (reprint author), Canadian Cooperat Hlth Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JAN 9 PY 1999 VL 144 IS 2 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 160MY UT WOS:000078235500009 PM 10028586 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Liu, C Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Liu, C Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Retinoid signaling and activator protein-1 expression in ferrets given beta-carotene supplements and exposed to tobacco smoke SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; HUMAN LUNG-CANCER; IN-VITRO; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; VITAMIN-A; CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; VIVO AB Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that individuals who eat more fruits and vegetables and/or have high levels of serum beta-carotene have a lower risk of cancer, especially lung cancer. However, recent human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements have shown an increase in the risk of lung cancer among smokers and asbestos workers. In this study, we used an animal model system to evaluate the hazard associated with a combination of high-dose beta-carotene supplementation and tobacco smoking. Methods: Ferrets were given a beta-carotene supplement, exposed to cigarette smoke, or both for 6 months. Cell proliferation and squamous metaplasia in lung tissue were assessed by examination of proliferating-cell nuclear antigen expression and histopathologic examination, respectively, beta-Carotene and retinoid concentrations in lung tissue and plasma samples were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography, Expression of genes for retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and activator protein-1 (encoded by the c-Jun and c-Fos genes) in lung tissue specimens was examined by western blotting. Results: A strong proliferative response in lung tissue and squamous metaplasia was observed in all beta-carotene-supplemented animals, and this response was enhanced by exposure to tobacco smoke. When compared with control groups, all three treatment groups had statistically significantly lower concentrations of retinoic acid in lung tissue, and they exhibited 18%-73% reductions in RAR beta gene expression; however, RAR alpha and RAR gamma gene expression was not reduced. Ferrets given a p-carotene supplement and exposed to tobacco smoke had threefold to fourfold elevated expression of the c-Jun and c-Fos genes. Conclusions: Diminished retinoid signaling, resulting from the suppression of RAR beta gene expression and overexpression of activator protein-1, could be a mechanism to enhance lung tumorigenesis after high-dose beta-carotene supplementation and exposure to tobacco smoke. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195] NR 37 TC 263 Z9 270 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JAN 6 PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1093/jnci/91.1.60 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 155BV UT WOS:000077926800014 PM 9890171 ER PT J AU Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Croteau, RB Shuler, ML AF Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Croteau, RB Shuler, ML TI The kinetics of taxoid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Taxus following elicitation with methyl jasmonate SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE paclitaxel; Taxol; methyl jasmonate; cell suspension culture; elicitor; Taxus; yew ID INDOLE ALKALOID PRODUCTION; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; PACIFIC YEW; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; PACLITAXEL; CUSPIDATA; INDUCTION; ANALOGS; TAXANES; GROWTH AB Cell suspension cultures of Taxus canadensis and Taxus cuspidata rapidly produced paclitaxel (Taxol) and other taxoids in response to elicitation with methyl jasmonate. By optimizing the concentration of the elicitor, and the timing of elicitation, we have achieved the most rapid accumulation of paclitaxel in a plant cell culture, yet reported. The greatest accumulation of paclitaxel occurred when methyl jasmonate was added to cultures at a final concentration of 200 mu M on day 7 of the culture cycle. The concentration of paclitaxel increased in the extracellular (cell-free) medium to 117 mg/day within 5 days following elicitation, equivalent to a rate of 23.4 mg/L per day. Paclitaxel was only one of many taxoids whose concentrations increased significantly in response to elicitation. Despite the rapid accumulation and high concentration of paclitaxel, its concentration never exceeded 20% of the total taxoids produced in the elicited culture. Two other taxoids, 13-acetyl-9-dihydrobaccatin III and baccatin VI, accounted for 39% to 62% of the total taxoids in elicited cultures. The accumulation of baccatin III did not parallel the pattern of accumulation for paclitaxel. Baccatin III continued to accumulate until the end of the cu Itu re cycle, at which point most of the cells in the culture were dead, implying a possible role as a degradation product of taxoid biosynthesis, rather than as a precursor. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 97-105, 1999. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Shuler, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55254, CA55138-02] NR 30 TC 234 Z9 273 U1 1 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 5 PY 1999 VL 62 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19990105)62:1<97::AID-BIT11>3.0.CO;2-C PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 140FM UT WOS:000077076800011 PM 10099517 ER PT J AU Kuzio, J Pearson, MN Harwood, SH Funk, CJ Evans, JT Slavicek, JM Rohrmann, GF AF Kuzio, J Pearson, MN Harwood, SH Funk, CJ Evans, JT Slavicek, JM Rohrmann, GF TI Sequence and analysis of the genome of a Baculovirus pathogenic for Lymantria dispar SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; genome sequence ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; LATE GENE-EXPRESSION; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA BACULOVIRUS; ORGYIA-PSEUDOTSUGATA; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA-REPLICATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS PROTEINS; HOMOLOGOUS REGIONS AB The genome of the Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) was sequenced and analyzed. It is composed of 161,046 bases with a G + C content of 57.5% and contains 163 putative open reading frames (ORFs) of greater than or equal to 150 nucleotides. Homologs were found to 95 of the 155 genes predicted for the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) genome. More than 9% of the LdMNPV genome was occupied by 16 repeated genes related to AcMNPV ORF2. Readily identifiable homologs of several genes that have been reported to play important roles in the AcMNPV life cycle are not present; these include ie-2, a transcriptional transactivator, and gp64, a major envelope glycoprotein of the nonoccluded form of the virus. A number of genes lacking in AcMNPV but present in other baculoviruses were identified; these include two viral enhancing factor homologs, a second copy of a conotoxin-like gene, and a dutpase homolog. Although a single gene predicted to encode a large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase was found, two different copies of the small subunit gene were present. In addition, homologs of genes not previously reported for baculoviruses were identified, including a predicted protein with homology to DNA ligases and another that has motifs most closely related to a yeast mitochondrial helicase. Thirteen homologous regions (hrs) containing 54 repeated sequences that include 30-bp imperfect palindromes were identified. The imperfect palindromes are related to those from other baculoviruses. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Rohrmann, GF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rohrmann@bcc.orst.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 53233C] NR 81 TC 240 Z9 277 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 1999 VL 253 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9469 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 158YG UT WOS:000078144600004 PM 9887315 ER PT J AU Huber, AM Davidson, KW O'Brien-Morse, ME Sadowski, JA AF Huber, AM Davidson, KW O'Brien-Morse, ME Sadowski, JA TI Gender differences in hepatic phylloquinone and menaquinones in the vitamin K-deficient and -supplemented rat SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE phylloquinone; menaquinone; gender; vitamin K deficiency; Gla excretion; liver ID DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; PLASMA; PROTHROMBIN; PROTEINS; LIVER AB Gender differences in relation to vitamin K were investigated in the rat. Hepatic phylloquinone and menaquinone (MK-1 to MK-10) concentrations, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) excretion, plasma phylloquinone and percent prothrombin were measured in male and female rats on a chow diet (24.5 ng phylloquinone and 8.8 mu g menadione), and on phylloquinone deficient and -supplemented purified diets (0.38 and 1400 ng phylloquinone/g, respectively). Mean hepatic phylloquinone concentrations varied with dietary intake and ranged from 6.8 +/- 9.0 pmol/g in the deficient male, to 171.1 +/- 56.9 pmol/g in the supplemented female. Menaquinones accounted for a large proportion of total vitamin K in the liver of males and females with MK-4, MK-6, and MK-IO present in highest concentrations. On the chow and supplemented diets, females had significantly higher MK-4, MK-6, and MK-10 concentrations in their livers (P < 0.05). On the phylloquinone-deficient diet (-K-1), hepatic phylloquinone, MK-4, and to a lesser extent MK-6 (but not MK-IO) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). In the phylloquinone-supplemented male and female groups, which did not receive menadione during the experimental period, MK-4 increased above that in the chow groups suggesting synthesis of MK-4 from phylloquinone which was statistically significant in the female (P < 0.01). A significant gender difference (P < 0.05) was also observed for urinary Gla excretion with less Gla excreted by the females indicating that females may require less dietary phylloquinone than males of the same body weight. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Huber, AM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin K Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD JAN 4 PY 1999 VL 1426 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0304-4165(98)00121-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 163AZ UT WOS:000078381200004 PM 9878685 ER PT J AU Itoh, A Vick, BA AF Itoh, A Vick, BA TI The purification and characterization of fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase in sunflower SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; hydroperoxide lyase; sunflower; (Helianthus annuus L.) ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY; LINOLEIC-ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; FRUIT; CYTOCHROME-P450; IDENTIFICATION; SEEDLINGS; PLANTS AB Two fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPO lyase I and II) were purified to apparent homogeneity from etiolated hypocotyls of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by a combination of ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. The two HPO lyases were separated during the hydrophobic interaction chromatography step, with HPO lyase I more hydrophilic than HPO lyase II. The estimated M-r of both native HPO lyases was determined by gel filtration to be 200 000, and SDS-PAGE in the presence of 100 mM dithiothreitol showed that the enzyme was composed of a single 53 kDa peptide, suggesting that the enzyme exists as a tetramer in vivo. HPO lyase was also abundant in the cotyledons and green leaves. HPO lyases I and II from hypocotyl metabolized 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid and 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid to the same extent, but the green leaf enzyme was more than ten-fold more active with 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid than 13-hydroprroxylinoleic acid. A difference spectrum between CO-bound and CO-unbound dithionite-reduced HPO lyase I showed an absorbance maximum at 452 nm, indicating that it was a cytochrome P450-type enzyme. The activities of HPO lyase I and II were significantly inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid, sulfhydryl reagents, and piperonylbutoxide, which is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vick, BA (reprint author), ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM vick@badlands.nodak.edu NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-1981 J9 BBA-MOL CELL BIOL L JI BBA-Mol. Cell. Biol. Lipids PD JAN 4 PY 1999 VL 1436 IS 3 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S0005-2760(98)00161-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 176PA UT WOS:000079159400024 PM 9989282 ER PT J AU Dosogne, H Burvenich, C Freeman, AE Kehrli, ME Detilleux, JC Sulon, J Beckers, JF Hoeben, D AF Dosogne, H Burvenich, C Freeman, AE Kehrli, ME Detilleux, JC Sulon, J Beckers, JF Hoeben, D TI Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early post-partum dairy cows SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy-associated glycoprotein; polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte function; immunosuppression; mastitis ID RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PERIOD; BLOOD; MILK; CORTICOSTEROIDS; PARTURITION AB Phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) isolated from blood and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) concentrations in plasma were evaluated in two longitudinal studies in dairy cows from 3 weeks before until 5 weeks after calving, carried out in the United States and in Europe. Ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus by blood PMN increased during the first week after calving and normalised 3 weeks post-partum. Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli did not change in the early post-partum period. In both studies, a significant decrease in oxidative burst activity of PMN was observed between 1 and 3 weeks after calving. In all cows, a very significant increase in plasma bPAG concentration was found between 1 week before and 2 weeks after calving. The peak of bPAG concentration in plasma immediately preceded the alterations of blood PMN functions. These results suggest that bPAG may be associated with inhibition of PMN function of dairy cows during the early post-partum period. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merebeke, Belgium. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merebeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@rug.ac.be NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 4 PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00215-3 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 159KM UT WOS:000078171500004 PM 9950353 ER PT B AU Vega, FE Mercadier, G Dowd, PF AF Vega, FE Mercadier, G Dowd, PF GP ASIC ASIC TI Fungi associated with the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera : Scolytidae). SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COLLOQUIUM ON COFFEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Scientific Colloquium on Coffee CY AUG 02-08, 1999 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Assoc Sci Int Cafe ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; OCHRATOXIN-A; CORN; CONTAMINATION; HISTORY; ENZYMES; HYBRIDS; KERNELS; FIELD AB Insects have been shown to serve as vectors for a wide array of fungi. In some cases, insect-vectored fungi produce potent toxins in the host plant, which might create problems for the food industry. Recent findings indicate that the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) could be vectoring toxigenic fungi in coffee plantations. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCIENTIFIQUE INT CAFE PI PARIS PA 42, RUE SCHEFFER, 75116 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1999 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BQ18X UT WOS:000087386900038 ER PT B AU Forcella, F AF Forcella, F BE Marshal, G TI Weed seed bank dynamics under herbicide tolerant crops SO 1999 BRIGHTON CONFERENCE: WEEDS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Brighton Conference on Weeds CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND ID GLYCINE-MAX AB Successfully marketed herbicide tolerant crops (HTCs) are associated with herbicides that lack residual activity and the promotion of reduced tillage. As a consequence of these associations, consistently excellent weed control will be necessary to stabilize or reduce weed seed banks. For excellent weed control to occur in HTCs, application timing of associated herbicides will be the single most critical factor. The threshold for application timing will be simpler and more easily determined for weeds that emerge early and quickly. Weeds with protracted emergence periods, or those that simply emerge late, will be more difficult to control. Increases in seed bank densities may be expected for these latter species under HTC management. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 1-901396-53-3 PY 1999 BP 409 EP 416 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BP16B UT WOS:000084242900061 ER PT B AU Groom, L Mott, L Shaler, S AF Groom, L Mott, L Shaler, S BE Wolcott, MP Tichy, RJ Bender, DA TI Relationship between fiber furnish properties and the structural performance of MDF SO 33RD INTERNATIONAL PARTICLEBOARD/COMPOSITE MATERIALS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium CY APR 13-15, 1999 CL WASHINGTON ST UNIV, PULLMAN, WA SP Washington St Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Coll Engn & Architecture HO WASHINGTON ST UNIV ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS AB The structural performance of medium density fiberboard (MDF) is attributable to three primary variables which;are: physical and mechanical properties of individual wood fibers; fiber-to-fiber stress transfer; and fiber orientation, These origins of fiber properties and stress transfer can be traced to the fiber generation method wherein fiber orientation is associated with mat formation. This paper is part of an on-going study to determine the mechanisms governing the stiffness and strength of fiber-based composites. Preliminary data are presented in this paper focusing on the effect of juvenility and fiber generation on the mechanical properties of individual wood fibers and the subsequent properties of MDF panels. Development of panel stiffness and strength is also discussed with regards to fiber packing and stress transfer as determined by testing oriented and un-oriented panels as well as direct observation with microtomography. C1 US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Groom, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 641067, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA PY 1999 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQ10F UT WOS:000087178500013 ER PT J AU Tollefson, L Fedorka-Cray, PJ Angulo, FJ AF Tollefson, L Fedorka-Cray, PJ Angulo, FJ TI Public health aspects of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the USA SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Internordic Symposium of the Nordic-Committee-for-Veterinary-Scientific-Cooperation (NKVet) CY NOV 07-08, 1997 CL SUNDVOLDEN, NORWAY SP Nord Comm Vet Sci Cooperat ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANIMALS; CATTLE C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, MPH, DVM, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tollefson, L (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, MPH, DVM, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DANSKE DYRLAEGEFORENING PI VANLOSE PA ROSENLUNDS ALLE 8, DK-2720 VANLOSE, DENMARK SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PY 1999 SU 92 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 272MZ UT WOS:000084655600009 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Bronson, CR Schnable, PS Horner, HT AF Wise, RP Bronson, CR Schnable, PS Horner, HT TI The genetics, pathology, and molecular biology of T-cytoplasm male sterility in maize SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 65 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID CORN LEAF BLIGHT; MAYDIS RACE-T; ZEA-MAYS-L; NUCLEAR FERTILITY RESTORER; CELL-ABLATION STRATEGY; OPEN READING FRAME; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-MAYDIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 186 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1999 VL 65 BP 79 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60911-6 PG 54 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BQ31B UT WOS:000087894900002 ER PT S AU Parker, DR Norvell, WA AF Parker, DR Norvell, WA BE Sparks, DL TI Advances in solution culture methods for plant mineral nutrition research SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 65 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTION; FLOWING SOLUTION CULTURE; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; RELATIVE ADDITION RATE; MES 2(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHANESULFONIC ACID; ZINC-PHOSPHORUS INTERACTIONS; SOIL SOLUTION COMPOSITION; LOW ROOT TEMPERATURE; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; BRASSICA-NAPUS L C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Sect, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Parker, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Soil & Water Sci Sect, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 226 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000765-7 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1999 VL 65 BP 151 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60913-X PG 63 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BQ31B UT WOS:000087894900004 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC AF Sinclair, TR Muchow, RC TI Radiation use efficiency SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 65 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; ARID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENT; INTERCEPTED SOLAR-RADIATION; SOYBEAN GRAIN PRODUCTION; LEAF NITROGEN-CONTENT; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; PEARL-MILLET C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CSIRO, Cunningham Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 129 TC 352 Z9 377 U1 15 U2 95 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1999 VL 65 BP 215 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60914-1 PG 51 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BQ31B UT WOS:000087894900005 ER PT S AU Jacob, RA AF Jacob, RA BE Zappia, V DellaRagione, F Barbarisi, A Russo, GL DelloIacovo, R TI The role of micronutrients in DNA synthesis and maintenance SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION AND CANCER 2 SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Nutrition and Cancer CY OCT 20-23, 1998 CL NATL TUMOR INST FDN PASCALE, NAPLES, ITALY SP 2nd Univ Naples, Inst Biochem Macromolec, Regi Govt, Natl Res Council, Inst Food Sci & Technol, Natl Tumor Inst Fdn Pascale, 2nd Univ Naples, Italian Inst Philosoph Stud, Italian Hlth Minist, Local Govt HO NATL TUMOR INST FDN PASCALE ID POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-ACTIVITY; FOLATE/METHYL-DEFICIENT RATS; DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE POOL IMBALANCE; VITAMIN-C SUPPLEMENTATION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; ASCORBIC-ACID; FOLIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE AB Recent research has indicated that the micronutrients, folate, niacin, and vitamin C may be important for various aspects of DNA and chromosome integrity. Folate is an essential cofactor for biosynthesis of deoxynucleotides and DNA methylation reactions. Niacin provides ADP-ribose units for proteins which are involved in DNA replication and repair. Vitamin C, a primary intracellular antioxidant, may provide protection against oxidative DNA base damage. Evidence for the importance of these micronutrients in DNA synthesis and repair is reviewed. The evidence is substantial for some of these nutrients and merely suggestive, even controversial, for others. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jacob, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2047 Wickson Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46306-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1999 VL 472 BP 101 EP 113 PG 13 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP89R UT WOS:000086535300010 PM 10736620 ER PT B AU Kehrli, ME Burton, JL Nonnecke, BJ Lee, EK AF Kehrli, ME Burton, JL Nonnecke, BJ Lee, EK BE Schultz, RD TI Effects of stress on leukocyte trafficking and immune responses: Implications for vaccination SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; DELTA T-CELLS; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; L-SELECTIN C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kehrli, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 109 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 61 EP 81 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100006 PM 9890010 ER PT B AU Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA BE Schultz, RD TI Development and use of modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID CHANNEL CATFISH; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; ROUGH STRAIN; BALB/C MICE; IMMUNITY; PROTECTION; IMMERSION C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 523 EP 537 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100036 PM 9890040 ER PT B AU Gorham, JR AF Gorham, JR BE Schultz, RD TI Some experiments and field observations of distemper in mink and ferrets SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID VIRUS C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gorham, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 557 EP 570 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100039 PM 9890043 ER PT B AU Espeseth, DA Myers, TJ AF Espeseth, DA Myers, TJ BE Schultz, RD TI Authorities and procedures for licensing veterinary biological products in the United States SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Riverdale, MD 20782 USA. RP Espeseth, DA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Riverdale, MD 20782 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100041 PM 9890045 ER PT B AU Sutton, DL AF Sutton, DL BE Schultz, RD TI Specific licensing considerations for modified live pseudorabies vaccines in the United States SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN C1 USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Licensing & Policy Dev, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Sutton, DL (reprint author), USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Licensing & Policy Dev, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100045 PM 9890049 ER PT B AU Siev, D AF Siev, D BE Schultz, RD TI An introduction to analytical methods for the postmarketing surveillance of veterinary vaccines SO ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, VOL 41: VETERINARY VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS SE ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (ACADEMIC PRESS) LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics Conference (IVVDC) CY 1997 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; POISSON REGRESSION; LINEAR-MODELS; TESTS; OVERDISPERSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SYSTEMS C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Siev, D (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Biol, 510 S 17th St, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-039242-9 J9 ADV VETER MED AP PY 1999 VL 41 BP 749 EP 774 PG 26 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BM63P UT WOS:000079315100054 PM 9890058 ER PT J AU Hammond, J Lecoq, H Raccah, B AF Hammond, J Lecoq, H Raccah, B TI Epidemiological risks from mixed virus infections and transgenic plants expressing viral genes SO ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH, VOL 54 SE ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; PLUM POX VIRUS; DEFECTIVE INTERFERING RNAS; CHLOROTIC MOTTLE VIRUS; CELL-TO-CELL; PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; CYMBIDIUM RINGSPOT VIRUS; LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT; POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INRA, Pathol Vegetale Stn, F-84143 Montfavet, France. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Virol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Plants Res Uni, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 477 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 1999 VL 54 BP 189 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60368-1 PG 126 WC Virology SC Virology GA BP54S UT WOS:000085466600006 PM 10547677 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B AF Shukitt-Hale, B TI The effects of aging and oxidative stress on psychomotor and cognitive behavior SO AGE LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; WATER-MAZE; AGED RATS; PROTEIN OXIDATION; SPATIAL MEMORY; FREE-RADICALS; ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT; LEARNING-DEFICITS; MALE FISCHER-344; MOUSE-BRAIN AB Decrements in motor and cognitive function occur in aging, possibly due to oxidative stress-induced damage to the brain. Declines in antioxidant defense mechanisms have been postulated as a causative factor in these age-related decrements, however a clear link between oxidative stress (OS) and behavioral changes in aging has yet to be established. This review shows that age-validated psychomotor and cognitive tests are sensitive to behavioral deficits under different models of OS, including: 1) decreasing OS protection by depleting glutathione and then increasing the OS with dopamine; 2) 100% oxygen exposure; and 3) radiation. Furthermore, interventions that reduce OS result in concurrent improvements in age-associated behavioral deficits. Therefore, age-related changes in behavior may result from an inability to cope with OS that occurs throughout the life-span. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Rm 919, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI MEDIA PA SALLY BALIN MEDICAL CENTER, 110 CHESLEY DR, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD JAN PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s11357-999-0002-7 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 220ZZ UT WOS:000081700900002 PM 23604386 ER PT J AU Ma, QL Hook, JE Wauchope, RD AF Ma, QL Hook, JE Wauchope, RD TI Evapotranspiration predictions: a comparison among GLEAMS, Opus, PRZM-2, and RZWQM models in a humid and thermic climate SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; simulation; model comparison ID EVAPORATION AB Environmental fate models are increasingly used to evaluate potential impacts of agrochemicals on water quality to aid in decision making. However, errors in predicting processes like evapotranspiration (ET), which is rarely measured during model validation studies, can significantly affect predictions of chemical fate and transport. This study compared approaches and predictions for ET by GLEAMS, Opus, PRZM-2, and RZWQM and determined effects of the predicted ET on simulations of other hydrology components. The ET was investigated for 2 years of various fallow-corn growing seasons under sprinkler irrigation. The comparison included annual cumulative daily potential ET (ETp), actual ET, and partitioning of total ET between soil evaporation (E-s) and crop transpiration (E-t). When measured pan evaporation was used for calculating ETp (the pan evaporation method), Opus, PRZM-2, and RZWQM predicted 74, 65, and 59%, respectively, of the 10-year average ET reported for a nearby site. When the energy-balance equations were used for calculating ETp (the combination methods), GLEAMS, Opus, PRZM-2, and RZWQM predicted 84, 105, 60, and 72% of the reported ET, respectively. The pan evaporation method predicted a similar amount of ET to the combination methods for bare soil, but predicted less ET when both E-s and E-t occurred. RZWQM reasonably predicted partitioning of ET to E-s, while GLEAMS and Opus over-predicted this partitioning. A close correlation between soil water storage in the root zone and ET suggests that accurate soil water content predictions were fundamental to ET predictions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Nematodes Weeds & Crops Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hook, JE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jimhook@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 59 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(98)00081-X PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 170RH UT WOS:000078819500003 ER PT B AU Crook, FW AF Crook, FW GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI An analysis of China's food grain security policy SO AGRICULTURE IN CHINA AND OECD COUNTRIES: PAST POLICIES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Policies in China - Review, Outlook and Challenges CY NOV, 1998 CL OECD, PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev HO OECD C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Crook, FW (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-17094-4 J9 OECD PROC PY 1999 BP 55 EP 73 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN70S UT WOS:000082652900004 ER PT B AU Colby, H Zhong, FN Giordano, M AF Colby, H Zhong, FN Giordano, M GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI A review of China's meat production statistics new estimates and implications for trade SO AGRICULTURE IN CHINA AND OECD COUNTRIES: PAST POLICIES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Policies in China - Review, Outlook and Challenges CY NOV, 1998 CL OECD, PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev HO OECD AB China's official meat production statistics appear to overstate actual output when compared with household per capita consumption survey data. This article uses that survey data to estimate China's meat production and then assesses the potential implications for China's future agricultural trade of a reduction in China's official meat production series. The results of the analysis suggest China's official 1996 meat production statistics may overstate actual output by at least 30 per cent. Such a dramatic reduction in China's domestic meat production reduces future projected import demand for coarse grains and protein meals. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Colby, H (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-17094-4 J9 OECD PROC PY 1999 BP 185 EP 213 PG 29 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN70S UT WOS:000082652900013 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Read, JC Reed, RL AF Sanderson, MA Read, JC Reed, RL TI Harvest management of switchgrass for biomass feedstock and forage production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-PRODUCTION; QUALITY; COMPONENTS; KINETICS; YIELD AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a warm-season perennial grass native to North America, has potential as a biomass energy crop. Our objective was to develop harvest management recommendations for biomass feedstock and forage production,'Alamo' switchgrass was established in 1992 at Stephenville and Dallas, TX, Four harvest frequencies tone to four cuts per year) and three final autumn harvests (Sept., Oct., or Nov.) were imposed from 1993 to 1996, Tiller densities were counted each spring. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in 1993 and 1994, Concentrations of NDF were lowest (avg, = 640 g kg(-1)) and of CP (avg, = 110 g kg(-1)) were highest in May-harvested biomass. Forage quality of regrowth decreased with age, reaching NDF concentrations of 790 g kg(-1) and CP of <20 g kg(-1). Total seasonal yields decreased as harvest frequency increased; however, a severe drought reversed this trend at Dallas in 1996, The highest yields (15-20 Mg ha(-1)) occurred with a single harvest in mid-September. Delaying the final harvest until November reduced yields. Harvest date and frequency did not affect tiller density, although tiller density decreased from 900 to 650 and 630 to 310 m(-2) at Dallas and Stephenville, respectively, during 1994 to 1997. Thus, a single mid September harvest should maximize biomass yields in the south-central USA. A two-cut (spring-autumn) system may allow a fanner to use initial growth as forage and the regrowth for biomass, but total yields would be reduced. More frequent harvests would reduce yields further. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 21 TC 90 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900002 ER PT J AU Williams, MJ Hammond, AC AF Williams, MJ Hammond, AC TI Rotational vs. continuous intensive stocking management of bahiagrass pasture for cows and calves SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RHIZOMA PEANUT; PERFORMANCE; GRASS AB Rapid growth of warm-season grasses such as bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is associated with their rapid decline in nutritional value. Grazing management that better matches forage growth and animal intake may improve animal performance on warm-season grass pastures. A 3-yr study (1989-1991) was conducted at the USDA-ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL, to determine the effect of the same stocking rate with either rotational or continuous intensive stocking (CIS; temporary increase in stocking density during periods of rapid forage growth) management on herbage mass, forage crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and the performance of cows and calves (Bos taurus). Cow performance was judged on weight, body condition score (BCS), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN, mg dL(-1)), and pregnancy rate; calf performance was judged on average daily gain (ADG), adjusted 205-d weaning weight, and BCS. Herbage mass of both grazing treatments was similar until the start of the rainy season (June-July). Stocking density of CIS cattle increased by 75%, which resulted in an increase in herbage mass of 250 to 1150 kg ha(-1) on rotationally grazed pastures, but this tvas not significant. Even at the increased stocking density, herbage mass of grazed CIS pastures continued to increase in 2 out of 3 yr, indicating that animal selectivity was not limited by grazing treatment. Crude protein and IVOMD concentrations were not affected by grazing. As a consequence, none of the animal performance variables measured was affected by grazing management. The main advantages of CIS are less labor and fencing, and reserving an area for production of winter feed. Herbage mass on ungrazed CIS pastures (3000-4200 kg ha(-1)) would have produced between 1700 and 2400 kg hay ha(-1). C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900003 ER PT J AU van Evert, FK Spaans, EJA Krieger, SD Carlis, JV Baker, JM AF van Evert, FK Spaans, EJA Krieger, SD Carlis, JV Baker, JM TI A database for agroecological research data: I. Data model SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Data from agroecological experiments are typically stored in a collection of minimally documented computer files, with additional information entered into field or lab books, As a result of this fragmentation of data and lack of proper documentation, information may be lost and data manipulation is generally cumbersome, error-prone, and hard to automate, Modern database technology has the potential to resolve these issues. Storing experiment data in a database solves the problem of fragmentation because all data are in the database; the problem of documentation is solved by making the relations between different items of information explicit during the design of the database; and the problem of manipulation is solved by the powerful query languages available with modern database management systems. As a first step in the construction of a generally applicable database for use in agroecological research, we used a formal method to design a data model that explicitly describes the types of information ('entities') one may want to remember about experiments and the relationships between these entities. The data model described here consists of 40 entities and 54 relationships. The entities are classified in five categories: (i) experiments, including statistical design; (ii) objects on which measurements are made; (iii) measurement protocol and equipment; (iv) measurements; and (v) field operations. We describe in detail how the information from several common types of measurements is stored using the proposed data model and conclude that the data model adequately describes the information that scientists in agroecological disciplines need to remember about their experiments. C1 DLO, Inst Agrobiol & Soil Fertil, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EARTH, Las Mercedes, Costa Rica. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP van Evert, FK (reprint author), DLO, Inst Agrobiol & Soil Fertil, POB 17, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Van Evert, Frits/B-7039-2011 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900009 ER PT J AU van Evert, FK Spaans, EJA Krieger, SD Carlis, JV Baker, JM AF van Evert, FK Spaans, EJA Krieger, SD Carlis, JV Baker, JM TI A database for agroecological research data: II. A relational implementation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB With the goal of creating a generally applicable database for agroecological research data, wt developed and described a data model. The objective of the present work was to determine the practical usefulness of a database implemented from that data model. We used a commercially available relational database management system and mapped the entities of the logical data structure to tables, entity attributes to table columns, and entity relationships to foreign keys. The attributes of the entity representing measurement values were distributed over two tables, both to reduce the size of the database and to reduce the response time of queries involving this entity. We found that loading data into the database was the most significant hurdle to its use, and so developed a set of stored procedures that function as a data input language. The input language and other methods were used to load the data from an intensively monitored, multisite, multiyear experiment into the database. The database was used to manage, explore, and analyze the data from these experiments, as well as to share the data between collaborators and with others in an effective wag. We conclude that a database implemented from the previously designed data model is a practical and extremely useful tool for research. C1 DLO, Inst Agrobiol & Soil Fertil, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EARTH, Las Mercedes, Costa Rica. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP van Evert, FK (reprint author), DLO, Inst Agrobiol & Soil Fertil, POB 14, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Van Evert, Frits/B-7039-2011 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900010 ER PT J AU Wilcox, JR Zhang, GD AF Wilcox, JR Zhang, GD TI Noncontiguous replications in soybean performance tests SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soybean [Glycine max (L,) Merr,] performance trials are commonly conducted in randomized complete block designs with contiguous replications. Local environmental hazards such as hail, flooding, or herbicide drift can result in the loss of entire experiments and the included germplasm with contiguous replications. Noncontiguous replications, spatially separated at a location, minimize chances of local hazards affecting all replications. Our objective was to compare the validity of data from noncontiguous vs. contiguous replications of soybean performance trials. Eleven performance tests were conducted over a 3-yr period in three-replicate randomized complete block designs using both contiguous and noncontiguous replications. Distance between noncontiguous replications varied from 200 to 800 m. Twenty-five to 40 lines in either Maturity Group II or m were evaluated in each test. Traits measured were plant maturity, mature plant height, and seed Yield. Variability among lines was significant (P = 0.01) using both contiguous and noncontiguous replications in all 11 tests for plant maturity and plant height. Variability among lines was significant (P = 0.05) for seed yield in 7 of 11 tests of contiguous replications and in 9 of 11 tests of noncontiguous replications. Correlation coefficients among line means between the two types of replication varied from 0.83 to 0.98 for maturity, from 0.51 to 0.94 for plant height, and from 0.51 to 0.89 for seed yield in those tests where significant variation was observed among lines. Evaluating soybean lines in tests using noncontiguous replications requires no more effort or spare than using contiguous replications. The results demonstrate that noncontiguous replications are an effective and useful alternative to contiguous replications for soybean performance tests. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wilcox, JR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS Crop Prod & Pest Control Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900011 ER PT J AU Sij, JW Bowers, GR Way, MO Boykin, DL AF Sij, JW Bowers, GR Way, MO Boykin, DL TI Insect defoliation and population dynamics in blends of resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYST NEMATODE; CROPPING SEQUENCES; REGISTRATION; PERFORMANCE; YIELD AB Phytophagous insects can cause significant economic yield loss in soybean [Glycine maw (L,) Merr.] production areas of the southern United States. Although breeding efforts have resulted in developing insect-resistant cultivars. the yield potential of these cultivars is generally lower than conventional cultivars under conditions of Light insect pressure. The objective of this study was to determine if a blend of insect resistant and insect susceptible cultivars affords some degree of insect control while maintaining high yields under high insect pressure environments. Experiments were conducted on a Labelle soil (Oxyaquic Vertic Argiaquolls) near Beaumont, TX, in 1990 to 1992, The 3-yr field study included five population ratios of Maturity Group VIII cultivars Dowling (insect susceptible, S) and Crockett (insect resistant, R): 100 S:0 R, 75 S:25 R, 50 S:50 R, 25 S:75 R, and 0 S:100 R, Plots were sampled weekly for insects and percent leaf defoliation when insect populations began to increase in late summer. Data were analyzed with blend treated as a linear trend. Insert counts of six major pests showed that, of 18 possible year-insect combinations, in only three cases were there significant population differences due to blend. In late season, the percent defoliation of Crockett increased in all 3 yr as the percentage of Crockett in the blend increased. By contrast, as the percentage of Dowling in the blend increased, the percent defoliation of Dowling decreased in 2 of the 3 yr, Therefore, blending Crockett and Dowling did not offer insect defoliation protection for Dowling and may have had an apposite effect. Maximum percent defoliation for Crockett was generally 40 to 50% less than that for Dowling, In 1990 and 1991, blending had no effect on yield or seed quality. In 1992, there was a significant, negative effect on yield (b = -4.46) and seed quality (b = 0.01) as the percentage of Crockett increased in the blend. Blends of these cultivars did not improve yield of Dowling under conditions of insect pressure compared with a pure stand of Dowling. A blend of insect resistant and susceptible cultivars did not appear to be a suitable insect control management strategy in soybean. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sij, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Box 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900013 ER PT J AU Buxton, DR Anderson, IC Hallam, A AF Buxton, DR Anderson, IC Hallam, A TI Performance of sweet and forage sorghum grown continuously, double-cropped with winter rye, or in rotation with soybean and maize SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSEQUENT CORN; ETHANOL; NITROGEN; YIELD; SOIL; CARBOHYDRATE; REQUIREMENTS; FERTILIZER; NUTRIENT; BIOMASS AB Double-cropping sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with winter rye (Secale cereale L.) could increase annual dry matter production in the North-Central region of the USA and reduce soil erosion and other environmental concerns. We conducted this study to compare yield, chemical composition, erosion potential, and economics of sorghum grown continuously (sole crop), in a 3-yr rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or double-cropped with winter rye (rye-sorghum). The experiment was on a Typic Calciaquoll soil in central Iowa with a slope of less than 1% and on mixed Vertic Argiaquoll, Typic Hapludoll, and Aquertic Argiudoll soils in southern Iowa with 2 to 7% slope. Applied N moderately affected sole-cropped sorghum, with yields of 13.5, 16.1, 16.9, and 15.9 t ha(-1) when fertilized with 0, 70, 140, and 280 kg ha(-1) N, respectively. Rye-sorghum was highly responsive to N, with combined yields at 72, 84, 95, and 110% of sole-cropped sorghum fertilized with the same annual rate of N. Drought dramatically reduced rye-sorghum yields. Sole-cropped sweet sorghum had yields similar to sweet sorghum grown in the 3-yr rotation. Environmental conditions associated with years and locations affected fiber components, N, and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of sor ghum. Use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation revealed that planting rye before sorghum would reduce estimated soil loss at both locations, but the loss was still unacceptably high on the sloping soil in southern Iowa (22 t ha(-1)). An economic partial budget showed that rye-sorghum cost $147 ha(-1) more to produce than sole-cropped sorghum. We conclude that, if winter rye is to be grown as a double crop with sorghum in the North-Central region, it will likely be because of its positive influence on the environment and not because of potential for improved yield. C1 ARS, USDA, NPS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buxton, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900015 ER PT J AU Smart, JR Bradford, JM AF Smart, JR Bradford, JM TI Conservation tillage corn production for a semiarid, subtropical environment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BORER LEPIDOPTERA; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; WATER; FERTILIZATION; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; RUNOFF AB Because of the extreme climatic differences between their regions, farmers in southern Texas and northern Mexico have been reluctant to adopt conservation tillage systems developed in the north-central or midwestern United States. With greater knowledge of the benefits and risks of conservation tillage practices under a semiarid, subtropical environment, producers can make better decisions regarding tillage practices. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of conventional and conservation tillage on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and production costs during the transition from conventional to reduced tillage and provide farmers with guidelines for implementing conservation tillage in a subtropical, semiarid environment through evaluation of grain yield and production economics as affected by tillage. Conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage with wide V-sweeps (RT), and preplant no-tillage (PPNT) were compared for both spring and fall corn production over three years. Grain yields for PPNT were lower than CT in the spring (-9%) and fall (-20%) of the first cropping year. Yields in PPNT were equivalent or up to 12% greater than CT yields in Years 2 and 3. Production costs mere lower in the PPNT than in the CT, because of the reduced number of tillage trips over the field. A three-year average of net returns for corn grown in the PPNT spring treatment was $47 ha(-1) greater than RT, and $104 ha(-1) more than the CT systems. Average fall corn net returns over three years for the PPNT were $5 ha(-1) more than RT and $101 ha(-1) more than CT systems. Average net returns from PPNT for spring and fall cropping seasons over three years was $23 ha(-1) greater than the RT and $101 ha(-1) greater than CT. Greater economic returns and lower production costs of PPNT compared with CT systems for all seasons and Sears were the result of reduced energy and operator time requirements. The conservation tillage systems (RT and PPNT) resulted in greater economic returns, compared with a CT tillage system, due to both greater yields in dry Sears and lower production costs in all years. C1 ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Smart, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900018 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, WW Liebig, MA Varvel, GE Blackmer, TM AF Wilhelm, WW Liebig, MA Varvel, GE Blackmer, TM TI Midseason stalk breakage in corn as affected by crop rotation, hybrid, and nitrogen fertilizer rate SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In July of 1993 and 1994, southern Nebraska experienced devastating windstorms, with winds estimated to exceed 45 m s(-1). These storms resulted in severe brittle-snap of corn (Zea mays L.), with stalks breaking near the primary ear node in the basal portion of an elongating internode, In the storm path were several experiments established on a Herd silt loam (Cumulic Haplustolls) to determine the effect of selected management practices (crop rotation, hybrid selection, planting date, and N fertilization) on nitrate leaching to ground water from irrigated cropland. After the storms, the number of broken plants was determined in these experiments to evaluate how management practices influenced severity of the damage. In 1993, crop rotation, hybrid, planting date, and N fertilization, and their interactions, all affected the amount of brittle-snap, Treatments that resulted in more rapid growth (optimum to excess N rates, corn rotated with soybean [Glycine max- (L.) Merr,], and early planting) increased the severity of damage. In continuous corn, 7% of the plants broke, compared with 33% for rotated corn; damage ranged from 4 to 33% among hybrids; and percent broken plants increased quadratically, from 8% for the 0 kg N ha(-1) treatment to 24% at N rates equal to or greater than 80 kg N ha(-1). Only the hybrid factor was significant in 1994, Amount of brittle-snap was related to stage of development (r = 0,55, n = 160, P < 0,001), The great difference in severity of damage among hybrids indicates that the current best management strategy to limit brittle-snap losses is to plant hybrids less prone to breakage. Alternative management strategies, such as late planting, suboptimal N rates, and continuous cropping of corn, all are known to limit yield regardless of windstorms. There is a need for greater knowledge of cell and tissue characteristics that render hybrids susceptible or resistant to brittle-snap. Also, methods for simulating brittle-snap are needed to foster effective selection for resistant lines in breeding programs. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Wilhelm, WW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 119 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 91 IS 1 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 191TD UT WOS:000080036900025 ER PT S AU Greer, JD AF Greer, JD BE Fishell, WG TI Remote sensing in the Forest Service; the biennial conference on remote sensing and GIS in natural resource management; An historical overview SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXIII CY JUL 20-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE remote sensing; training; GIS; Forest Service AB Since the first one in 1986, the US Forest Service has hosted a biennial conference on remote sensing for workers in natural resource management where they could exchange information about their projects and needs. This paper briefly reviews the history of the conference inducting an analysis of the subjects of the papers that have been given. An invitation to participate is extended to others who may be interested in how airborne reconnaissance, remote sensing space based sensors, GIS, GPS, and research are used by Forest Service personnel in the management of natural resources. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Applicat Remote Sensing Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Greer, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Applicat Remote Sensing Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3237-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3751 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.372659 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Cell Biology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP33V UT WOS:000084756800004 ER PT J AU Larson, J AF Larson, J TI The animal welfare information center - a brief overview SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVEN ZU TIEREXPERIMENTEN LA English DT Article DE 3R; animal welfare information center; national agricultural library; information services; publications; electronic resources; user statistics AB The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) of USDA's National Agricultural Library was established by a mandate of the U.S. Congress in the 1985 Amendments of the Animal Welfare Act. The Act regulates how warm-blooded animals are treated as they ave in biomedical research, for toxicity testing, as specimens in higher education, or exhibited in circuses, zoos and aquaria. Large volume dog dealers also come under the Act. In the 1985 Amendments, the U.S. Congress instructs the Center fa provide information on topics such as: alternatives to painful procedures, anesthetics, analgesics, tranquilizers, improved methodologies, training materials for those who use animals, environmental enrichment for primates, and exercise for dogs. This overview of the AWIC program discusses the historical aspects of the Center, and will illustrate how the U.S. Congressional mandate is currently carried out via the Center's national and international activities, services, publications, and outreach to U.S. regulated community. Some data regarding the use of the Center's products and services is presented. C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Larson, J (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG PA VANGEROWSTR 20, D-69115 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0946-7785 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN TIEREXP JI Altex Altern. Tierexp. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 251VQ UT WOS:000083467400032 ER PT J AU Golan, E Kuchler, F AF Golan, E Kuchler, F TI Willingness to pay for food safety: Costs and benefits of accurate measures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID HEALTH RISKS C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Golan, E (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1191 DI 10.2307/1244105 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000030 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, M Kuch, P AF Ribaudo, M Kuch, P TI The Clean Water Action Plan: New directions or going in circles? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Natl Resources Sectors Staff, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Ribaudo, M (reprint author), USDA, Resource Econ Div, Econ Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1209 DI 10.2307/1244108 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000033 ER PT J AU Horan, RD Shortle, JS Abler, DG AF Horan, RD Shortle, JS Abler, DG TI Green payments for nonpoint pollution control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID DESIGN C1 USDA, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Horan, RD (reprint author), USDA, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Resource Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1215 DI 10.2307/1244109 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000034 ER PT J AU Johnson, RS Wheeler, WJ Christensen, LA AF Johnson, RS Wheeler, WJ Christensen, LA TI EPA's approach to controlling pollution from animal feeding operations: An economic analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID COSTS C1 US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wheeler, WJ (reprint author), US EPA, Engn & Anal Div, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1221 DI 10.2307/1244110 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000035 ER PT J AU Makki, S Schnepf, R Skees, J Harwood, J Jagger, C Driscoll, J Miranda, M Glauber, J Tweeten, L AF Makki, S Schnepf, R Skees, J Harwood, J Jagger, C Driscoll, J Miranda, M Glauber, J Tweeten, L TI The farm safety net: What's in it for agricultural risk insurance? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, Off Econ, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1273 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000049 ER PT J AU Sumner, D Jetter, K Forsythe, K Smith, VK AF Sumner, D Jetter, K Forsythe, K Smith, VK TI The WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1274 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000052 ER PT J AU Wiebe, K Lal, R Crosson, P Hopkins, J Shapouri, S AF Wiebe, K Lal, R Crosson, P Hopkins, J Shapouri, S TI Global economic and environmental effects of land degradation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1273 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000050 ER PT J AU Clauson, A Martinez, S Clauson, A Martinez, S Meyer, S Purcell, WD AF Clauson, A Martinez, S Clauson, A Martinez, S Meyer, S Purcell, WD TI Responses to changing consumer tastes and preferences in the beef, pork, and poultry industries. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1274 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000053 ER PT J AU Greene, C Duffy, M Dobbs, T Klonsky, K Olson, K Klemme, R AF Greene, C Duffy, M Dobbs, T Klonsky, K Olson, K Klemme, R TI The economics of organic farming: What can long-term cropping systems research tell us? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1274 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000055 ER PT J AU Harwood, J Bremel, R Dunahay, T Collins, H Evenson, R Smith, K AF Harwood, J Bremel, R Dunahay, T Collins, H Evenson, R Smith, K TI Blending science and economics in emerging agricultural biotechnology issues. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Delta & Pine Land Co, Scott, MS USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1274 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000056 ER PT J AU Perry, J Vandeman, A Korb, P Martin, L AF Perry, J Vandeman, A Korb, P Martin, L TI Gender matters: Roles in the profession and on the farm. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1274 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000054 ER PT J AU Smith, P Chuang, LH Smith, P Ervin, D Archer, D Towery, D AF Smith, P Chuang, LH Smith, P Ervin, D Archer, D Towery, D TI Conservation technology - Making choices. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1275 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000059 ER PT J AU Barkley, P Houck, J Wunderlich, G McCalla, A Raup, P Stanton, B AF Barkley, P Houck, J Wunderlich, G McCalla, A Raup, P Stanton, B TI Fellows' retrospective: Reflections on Dr. Philip Raup's career. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1276 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000067 ER PT J AU Champ, P Brown, T Chivers, J Zhao, JH Kling, C MacNair, D Taylor, C Van Houtven, G Pattanayak, S AF Champ, P Brown, T Chivers, J Zhao, JH Kling, C MacNair, D Taylor, C Van Houtven, G Pattanayak, S TI Valuation: Issues and methods. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1275 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000062 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Cubie, J Caswell, M Huang, WY Griffin, S Soule, M Skees, J AF Huang, WY Cubie, J Caswell, M Huang, WY Griffin, S Soule, M Skees, J TI Promoting conservation adoption through insurance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1275 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000061 ER PT J AU Stierna, J Smith, P Chuang, LH Batie, S Beasley, M Featherston, J AF Stierna, J Smith, P Chuang, LH Batie, S Beasley, M Featherston, J TI Implementing animal waste management policy-federal, state, and private sector perspectives. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NRCS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1275 EP 1275 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000065 ER PT J AU Lence, S LaDue, EL Duncan, M Jolly, R Ryan, JT AF Lence, S LaDue, EL Duncan, M Jolly, R Ryan, JT TI Financial risks under freedom to farm. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1276 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000071 ER PT J AU Stafford, T Torgerson, R Fulton, J Richards, T Little, R Onunkwo, E Boland, M AF Stafford, T Torgerson, R Fulton, J Richards, T Little, R Onunkwo, E Boland, M TI Problems and opportunities for cooperatives in the face of agribusiness consolidation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Rural Business Cooperat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1277 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000074 ER PT J AU Gallo, A Cotterill, R Gallo, A Plato, G Price, G Cotterill, R AF Gallo, A Cotterill, R Gallo, A Plato, G Price, G Cotterill, R TI Shifting competitive fortunes in the American breakfast cereals industry: Temporary price wars or permanent changes? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1277 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000075 ER PT J AU Short, S Eidman, V McBrice, W Hinman, H Erker, M AF Short, S Eidman, V McBrice, W Hinman, H Erker, M TI Progress on implementing the recommendations of the AAEA task force on commodity costs and returns. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1277 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000077 ER PT J AU Singh, SP Kuhn, B Andrews, SHM Jensen, H Kinsey, J Goetz, S Debertin, D Tegegne, F Ekanem, E Muhammad, S Comer, S AF Singh, SP Kuhn, B Andrews, SHM Jensen, H Kinsey, J Goetz, S Debertin, D Tegegne, F Ekanem, E Muhammad, S Comer, S TI Assessing the use of electronic benefits transfer (EBT) for delivering food assistance benefits. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1278 EP 1278 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000082 ER PT J AU Stam, J Duncan, M Stam, J Womack, A Richardson, J Harl, N Duncan, M Saxowsky, D AF Stam, J Duncan, M Stam, J Womack, A Richardson, J Harl, N Duncan, M Saxowsky, D TI The industrialization of US agriculture and the decline in commodity prices: Implications for risk management tools. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1278 EP 1278 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000083 ER PT J AU Cochrane, N Bohman, M Cochrane, N Hoskin, R Paarlberg, P Haley, M AF Cochrane, N Bohman, M Cochrane, N Hoskin, R Paarlberg, P Haley, M TI Restructuring of livestock sectors in the transition economies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1279 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000088 ER PT J AU Crook, F Rozelle, S Huang, J Diao, XS Li, H Li, G West, L AF Crook, F Rozelle, S Huang, J Diao, XS Li, H Li, G West, L TI Twenty years of rural reform in China: Where does policy stand? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. US Bur Census, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1279 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000089 ER PT J AU Hoffman, L Link, J Dixit, PM Malaga, J Skully, D Link, J Klindworth, K Zahniser, S AF Hoffman, L Link, J Dixit, PM Malaga, J Skully, D Link, J Klindworth, K Zahniser, S TI NAFTA's first five years: The remaining issues - Structural changes and employment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1279 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000090 ER PT J AU Roberts, RK English, BC Roberts, RK Thomasson, JA Raper, RL Tyler, DD English, BC AF Roberts, RK English, BC Roberts, RK Thomasson, JA Raper, RL Tyler, DD English, BC TI The role of agricultural economists in multidisciplinary precision farming research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1280 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000093 ER PT J AU Soule, M Mendoza, M Soule, M Gabre-Madhin, EZ Umali, D Tangka, F Pryor, S AF Soule, M Mendoza, M Soule, M Gabre-Madhin, EZ Umali, D Tangka, F Pryor, S TI Agricultural economists and gender in the international workplace. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1279 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000087 ER PT J AU Trueblood, M Shapouri, S Shapouri, S Abbott, P Trueblood, M Shapouri, S AF Trueblood, M Shapouri, S Shapouri, S Abbott, P Trueblood, M Shapouri, S TI WTO and the LDCs: Agricultural issues for the next round. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1279 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000092 ER PT J AU Canning, P Tsigas, M Canning, P Durst, R Monke, J Patrick, G Tsigas, M Leathers, H Hertel, T AF Canning, P Tsigas, M Canning, P Durst, R Monke, J Patrick, G Tsigas, M Leathers, H Hertel, T TI Do taxes matter? A food and farm perspective. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1280 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000097 ER PT J AU Young, D Allen, R Young, D House, C Reilly, J AF Young, D Allen, R Young, D House, C Reilly, J TI Access and availability of ag census and other USDA data in the electronic age: How well is it working? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, NASS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1280 EP 1280 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000094 ER PT J AU Onunkwo, I Epperson, J AF Onunkwo, I Epperson, J TI Export demand for US pecans: Impacts of US export promotion programs. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1283 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000112 ER PT J AU van Wenum, J Lansink, AO Wossink, A AF van Wenum, J Lansink, AO Wossink, A TI Farm heterogeneity in wildlife. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Wageningen Univ Agr, Wageningen, Netherlands. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Wossink, G./M-1092-2013; Oude Lansink, Alfons/H-8840-2012 OI Wossink, G./0000-0002-3845-6228; Oude Lansink, Alfons/0000-0002-9273-6044 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1283 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000115 ER PT J AU Beach, R Holt, M AF Beach, R Holt, M TI Incorporating quadratic scale curves in inverse demand systems. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1284 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000119 ER PT J AU Guru, M Wailes, E Cramer, G AF Guru, M Wailes, E Cramer, G TI Impact of pesticide regulatory policies on US rice production. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1285 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000131 ER PT J AU Hurley, T Seccho, S Hellmich, R AF Hurley, T Seccho, S Hellmich, R TI Managing the risk of European corn borer resistance to Bt corn: An assessment of controversial refuge recommendations. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1285 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000134 ER PT J AU Young, CE Westcott, P Hoffman, L Lin, W Rosen, S AF Young, CE Westcott, P Hoffman, L Lin, W Rosen, S TI An economic analysis of a food security reserve: Commodity versus cash. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1285 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000135 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J Pho, V AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J Pho, V TI Induced innovation and the economics of herbicide use. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1287 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000146 ER PT J AU Onofri, A Fulginiti, L AF Onofri, A Fulginiti, L TI Public capital, R&D, agricultural production, and endogenous growth. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1286 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000145 ER PT J AU Tegene, A Claassen, R AF Tegene, A Claassen, R TI Productivity, erodibility, and land use in agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1289 EP 1289 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000172 ER PT J AU Bolling, HC Somwaru, A AF Bolling, HC Somwaru, A TI US foreign direct investment and trade: Substitutes or complements? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1290 EP 1290 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000179 ER PT J AU Jekanowski, M Binkley, J AF Jekanowski, M Binkley, J TI An investigation of food expenditure patterns across US states. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1290 EP 1290 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000176 ER PT J AU Mishra, A Morehart, M AF Mishra, A Morehart, M TI Permanent income and wealth accumulation: An empirical investigation of US farm households. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1292 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000192 ER PT J AU Steele, C AF Steele, C TI The application of value-added accounting to analyze farm-level structure and performance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1291 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000191 ER PT J AU Gundersen, C Kelly, T AF Gundersen, C Kelly, T TI The impact of food assistance programs an poverty in Mexico. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Middlebury Coll, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1292 EP 1292 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000195 ER PT J AU Variyam, J Blaylock, J Smallwood, D AF Variyam, J Blaylock, J Smallwood, D TI Characterizing the distribution of macronutrient intake among US adults: A quantile regression approach. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000206 ER PT J AU Tareen, I Wetzstein, M Duffield, J AF Tareen, I Wetzstein, M Duffield, J TI Determining the substitutability of inputs in a stochastic environment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1295 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000223 ER PT J AU Jekanowski, M AF Jekanowski, M TI Competition in the market for prepared meals: The increasing role of supermarket food service. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1299 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000258 ER PT J AU Kriesel, W English, D AF Kriesel, W English, D TI The case of logging and recreation in the Southern Appalachians. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1299 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000264 ER PT J AU Worth, T AF Worth, T TI Qualify, reputation, and imports. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1300 EP 1300 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000271 ER PT J AU Gulati, S Mishra, A AF Gulati, S Mishra, A TI A nonparametric analysis of economies of scale in US agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1301 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000278 ER PT J AU Lin, W Skinner, B Sanford, S Ugarte, DD AF Lin, W Skinner, B Sanford, S Ugarte, DD TI The impact of planting flexibility under the 1996 Farm Act on the US major field crops sector. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, FSA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000298 ER PT J AU Makki, S Somwaru, A AF Makki, S Somwaru, A TI The demand for multiple crop insurance products. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000293 ER PT J AU Mishra, A El-Osta, H AF Mishra, A El-Osta, H TI Sources of variability of farm household income: A cross-sectional analysis (1991-1995). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000295 ER PT J AU Satyanarayana, V Makki, S AF Satyanarayana, V Makki, S TI Assessing market risk in agriculture: Theory and evidence. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Express, New York, NY 10285 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1303 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000296 ER PT J AU Martinez, S AF Martinez, S TI Vertical coordination in the pork industry: Lessons from the poultry and egg industries. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1305 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000311 ER PT J AU Taha, F AF Taha, F TI Forecast livestock demand in selected Middle Eastern countries: An econometrics approach. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1304 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000305 ER PT J AU Covey, T AF Covey, T TI Bankers as probability forecasters of interest rates on long-term real estate loans. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1306 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000328 ER PT J AU Hopkins, J Southgate, D Gonzales-Vega, C AF Hopkins, J Southgate, D Gonzales-Vega, C TI Rural poverty and land degradation in El Salvador. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1306 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000323 ER PT J AU Moss, C Peruso, L Erickson, K AF Moss, C Peruso, L Erickson, K TI Spatial information in farmland values: An entropy approach. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1307 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000329 ER PT J AU Schnepf, R Goodwin, B AF Schnepf, R Goodwin, B TI Long-run price risk in US agricultural markets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1309 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000348 ER PT J AU Canning, P AF Canning, P TI Farm structure revisited: An integrated model of production and consumption. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1311 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000366 ER PT J AU Claassen, R Horan, R AF Claassen, R Horan, R TI Environmental policy, heterogeneity, and returns to land in agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1312 EP 1312 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000373 ER PT J AU Peters, M Claassen, R Heimlich, R Ribaudo, M AF Peters, M Claassen, R Heimlich, R Ribaudo, M TI Comparing alternative policies for hypoxia mitigation in the Gulf of Mexico. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1312 EP 1312 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000375 ER PT J AU Mullarkey, D Bishop, R AF Mullarkey, D Bishop, R TI Sensitivity to scope: Evidence from a CVM study of wetlands. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1313 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000386 ER PT J AU Narrod, C Malcolm, S Ollinger, M Roberts, T AF Narrod, C Malcolm, S Ollinger, M Roberts, T TI Pathogen reduction options in slaughter-houses and methods for evaluating their economic effectiveness. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, FSIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1314 EP 1314 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000396 ER PT J AU Tsigas, M Ingco, M AF Tsigas, M Ingco, M TI Market access liberalization in the next round of WTO negotiations: A general equilibrium assessment of tariff-rate quotas. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1314 EP 1314 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000390 ER PT J AU Andrews, M Gundersen, C AF Andrews, M Gundersen, C TI A reconsideration of stigma in the food stamp program. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1316 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000406 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Aillery, M Moore, M Schaible, G Gollehon, N AF Weinberg, M Aillery, M Moore, M Schaible, G Gollehon, N TI Salmon recovery in the Columbia river basin: An analysis of recovery measures affecting the agricultural sector. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, ERS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1316 EP 1316 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000414 ER PT J AU Hsu, HH Colby, H AF Hsu, HH Colby, H TI Gauging the global impact of China liberalizing its cotton market SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1318 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000425 ER PT J AU Tsigas, M Canning, P AF Tsigas, M Canning, P TI An analysis of fundamental tax reform in the United States: Implications for farm and food sectors. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1317 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000417 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Somwaru, A Dyck, J Skully, D Lee, CK AF Diao, XS Somwaru, A Dyck, J Skully, D Lee, CK TI Costs of South Korea's agricultural policy choices - A general equilibrium analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1319 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000440 ER PT J AU Valdes, C Tsigas, M AF Valdes, C Tsigas, M TI Multilateral trade negotiations in the Latin American region: Economywide and sectoral impacts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1320 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000442 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S Klotz-Ingram, C AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S Klotz-Ingram, C TI Microeconomic and environmental effects of adopting genetically engineered soybeans for herbicide tolerance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1320 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000444 ER PT J AU Jans, S Fernandez-Cornejo, J Klotz-Ingram, C AF Jans, S Fernandez-Cornejo, J Klotz-Ingram, C TI Farm-level economic and environmental effects of adopting Bt cotton. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1320 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000445 ER PT J AU Roe, T Gopinath, M Diao, XS AF Roe, T Gopinath, M Diao, XS TI Growth theory and accounting for growth in US agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1320 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000443 ER PT J AU Glaser, L AF Glaser, L TI The market for processed organic products. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000457 ER PT J AU Huang, K AF Huang, K TI Food demand structural change and nutrition implication. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000453 ER PT J AU Hanson, T Hite, D Meerungruang, S Bosworth, B AF Hanson, T Hite, D Meerungruang, S Bosworth, B TI A complete demand analysis for genetic characteristics of aquacultured catfish. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1323 EP 1323 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000472 ER PT J AU Liefert, W Liefert, O AF Liefert, W Liefert, O TI An elasticities approach to estimating excess demand in price-controlled markets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1323 EP 1323 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000470 ER PT J AU Lin, W Vocke, G AF Lin, W Vocke, G TI Hard white wheat: A niche or mainstream market? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1323 EP 1323 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000467 ER PT J AU Disney, WT Belfrage, J Corso, B AF Disney, WT Belfrage, J Corso, B TI The economic feasibility of vaccination as a means of controlling the spread of EMD. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1325 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000485 ER PT J AU Kim, CS AF Kim, CS TI How economists have failed in evaluating the benefits of reducing nonpoint-source pollution. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1324 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000484 ER PT J AU Kantor, LS Young, CE AF Kantor, LS Young, CE TI Moving toward the food guide pyramid: Implications for US agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000492 ER PT J AU Lipton, K Kantor, L Manchester, A Oliviera, V AF Lipton, K Kantor, L Manchester, A Oliviera, V TI Estimating and addressing America's food losses. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000487 ER PT J AU Soule, M Tegene, A Wiebe, K AF Soule, M Tegene, A Wiebe, K TI Land tenure and the adoption of conservation practices in US soybean production. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000494 ER PT J AU Ali, M Brooks, N AF Ali, M Brooks, N TI Trends in costs of production and farm prices for major crops, 1975-97. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000496 ER PT J AU Leetmaa, S Bernstein, J AF Leetmaa, S Bernstein, J TI Europe's Agenda 2000: Will it live up to all of the hype? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000504 ER PT J AU McBride, W Banker, D Green, R AF McBride, W Banker, D Green, R TI Farm typology-efficiency relationships in US agriculture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000501 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J AF Sullivan, J TI Changes in size and location of hog production: Causes and effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000497 ER PT J AU Daberkow, SG McBride, WD AF Daberkow, SG McBride, WD TI Exploring the economic potential of remotely sensed images: A case study of aerial photography in irrigated corn. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1327 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000508 ER PT J AU Day-Rubenstein, K Stuart, M AF Day-Rubenstein, K Stuart, M TI Agricultural land use in tropical countries: Patterns, determinants, and implications for biodiversity loss. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1327 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000511 ER PT J AU Smith, M AF Smith, M TI Source water protection: How much benefit? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1327 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000507 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Cane, JH AF Sampson, BJ Cane, JH TI Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on flower, pollen, and nectar production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Hydrophyllaceae; Limnanthaceae; Limnanthes; Phacelia; pollination; ultraviolet-B radiation ID UV-B; BEES HYMENOPTERA; SOLITARY BEES; ENVIRONMENT; POLLINATION; ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; SPECTRA; FOLIAGE; GROWTH AB Intensified ultraviolet-B radiation or UV-B (wavelengths between 280 and 320 nm) can delay flowering and diminish lifetime flower production in a few plants. Here we studied the effects of enhanced UV-B on floral traits crucial to pollination and pollinator reproduction. We observed simultaneous flowering responses of a new crop plant, Limnanthes alba (Limnathaceae), and a wildflower Phacelia campanularia (Hydrophyllaceae), to five lifetime UV-B dosages ranging between 2.74 and 15.93 kJ.m(-2).d(-1), Floral traits known to link plant pollination with bee host preference, host fidelity and larval development were measured. Intensified UV-B had no overall effect on nectar and pollen production of L. alba and P. campanularia flowers. A quadratic relationship between UV-B and nectar sugar production occurred in P. campanularia and showed that even subambient UV-B dosages can be deleterious for a floral trait. Other floral responses to UV-B were more dramatic and idiosyncratic. As UV-B dosage increased, L. alba plants were less likely to flower, but suffered no delays in flowering or reductions to lifetime flower production for those that did Bower. Conversely, an equal proportion of P. campanularia plants flowered under all UV-B treatments, but these same plants experienced delayed onset to bloom and produced fewer flowers at greater UV-B intensities. Therefore, intensified UV-B elicits idiosyncratic responses in flowering phenology and flower production from these two annual plants. Diurnal patterns in nectar and pollen production strongly coincided with fluctuating humidity and only weakly with UV-B dosage. Overall, our results indicated that intensified UVB can alter some flowering traits that impinge upon plant competition for pollinator services, as well as plant and pollinator reproductive success. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.2307/2656959 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 159HD UT WOS:000078165700010 PM 21680350 ER PT J AU Bourdon, I Yokoyama, W Davis, P Hudson, C Backus, R Richter, D Knuckles, B Schneeman, BO AF Bourdon, I Yokoyama, W Davis, P Hudson, C Backus, R Richter, D Knuckles, B Schneeman, BO TI Postprandial lipid, glucose, insulin, and cholecystokinin responses in men fed barley pasta enriched with beta-glucan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fiber; barley; cholesterol; cholecystokinin; beta-glucan; glucose; insulin; triacylglycerol; pasta; viscous polysaccharides; men ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; OAT-BRAN; GLYCEMIC RESPONSE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; HEALTHY-ADULTS; DIETARY FIBER; TEST MEALS; LIPEMIA; STARCH AB Background: Fiber regulates the rate and site of lipid and carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thus can modify the alimentary responses to a meal. When fiber sources containing viscous polysaccharides are included in a meal, a slower rate of carbohydrate and lipid absorption will modify the alimentary hormone and lipid responses. Objective: We investigated in 11 healthy men the response of insulin. glucose, cholecystokinin, and lipid to 2 test meals containing beta-glucan. Design: One of the meals was high in fiber (15.7 g) and the other meal was low in fiber (5.0 g). The low-fiber meal contained pasta made with wheat flour. The high-fiber meals contained pasta prepared by replacing 40% of the wheat with 2 types of barley flour: barley naturally high in beta-glucan and the other a flour enriched in beta-glucan during processing. Results: Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased significantly after all meals but the insulin response was more blunted after the barley-containing meals. The test meals were low in fat (25% of energy) but elicited an increase in plasma triacylglycerol and cholecystokinin. Cholecystokinin remained elevated for a longer time after the barley-containing meals. After the low-fiber meal, plasma cholesterol concentrations did not change significantly; however, 4 h after the barley-containing meals, the cholesterol concentration dropped below the fasting concentration and was significantly lower than that after the low-fiber meal. Conclusions: Carbohydrate was more slowly absorbed from the 2 high-fiber meals. Consumption of the barley-containing meals appeared to stimulate reverse cholesterol transport, which may contribute to the cholesterol-lowering ability of barley. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nutr, Div Clin Nutr & Metab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Lab, Albany, CA USA. RP Schneeman, BO (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Nutr, Div Clin Nutr & Metab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM boschneeman@ucdavis.edu NR 50 TC 182 Z9 194 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156KC UT WOS:000077999300011 PM 9925123 ER PT J AU Feskanich, D Weber, P Willett, WC Rockett, H Booth, SL Colditz, GA AF Feskanich, D Weber, P Willett, WC Rockett, H Booth, SL Colditz, GA TI Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bone; diet; fractures; hips; osteoporosis; phylloquinone; undercarboxylated osteocalcin; vitamin K; Nurses' Health Study; women ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; DIETARY PHYLLOQUINONE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CIRCULATING LEVELS; OSTEOPOROSIS; CELLS AB Background: Vitamin K mediates the gamma-carboxylation of glutamyl residues on several bone proteins, notably osteocalcin. High serum concentrations of undercarboxylated osteocalcin and low serum concentrations of vitamin K are associated with lower bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture. However, data are limited on the effects of dietary vitamin K. Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that high intakes of vitamin K are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in women. Design: We conducted a prospective analysis within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Diet was assessed in 72 327 women aged 38-63 y with a food-frequency questionnaire in 1984 (baseline). During the subsequent 10 y of follow-up, 270 hip fractures resulting from low or moderate trauma were reported. Results: Women in quintiles 2-5 of vitamin K intake had a significantly lower age-adjusted relative risk (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.93) of hip fracture than women in the lowest quintile (<109 mu g/d). Risk did not decrease between quintiles 2 and 5 and risk estimates were not altered when other risk factors for osteoporosis, including calcium and vitamin D intakes, were added to the models. Risk of hip fracture was also inversely associated with lettuce consumption (RR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.78) for one or more servings per day compared with one or fewer servings per week), the food that contributed the most to dietary vitamin K intakes. Conclusions: Low intakes of vitamin K may increase the risk of hip fracture in women. The data support the suggestion for a reassessment of the Vitamin K requirements that are based on bone health and blood coagulation. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Roche Vitamins Inc, Human Nutr Res, Parsippany, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Feskanich, D (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM diane.feskanich@channing.harvard.edu RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40356]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR41383] NR 50 TC 251 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156KC UT WOS:000077999300014 PM 9925126 ER PT J AU Saltzman, JR Russell, RM Golner, B Barakat, S Dallal, GE Goldin, BR AF Saltzman, JR Russell, RM Golner, B Barakat, S Dallal, GE Goldin, BR TI A randomized trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 to treat lactose intolerance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lactose intolerance; Lactobacillus acidophilus; breath-hydrogen test; omeprazole; hypochlorhydria; humans ID ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; INTESTINAL-CELLS; YOGURT; MALABSORPTION; ABSORPTION; MILK; MALDIGESTERS; TOLERANCE; INGESTION; SYMPTOMS AB Background: Lactose intolerance is the most common disorder of intestinal carbohydrate digestion. Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 is a strain of lactobacilli with properties of marked intestinal adherence and high beta-galactosidase activity. Objective: This study was designed to determine whether oral feeding of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 leads to a lactose-tolerant state. Design: We studied 42 subjects with self-reported lactose intolerance and performed breath-hydrogen tests to determine whether they were lactose maldigesters, Subjects with established lactose maldigestion (n = 24) were invited to be randomly assigned to an omeprazole-treated (hypochlorhydric) group or a non-omeprazole-treated group, but 6 subjects chose not to participate. All randomly assigned subjects (n = 18) ingested Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 twice per day for 7 d and stool samples were collected. Breath-hydrogen tests were performed and symptom scores were recorded at baseline and after lactobacilli ingestion. Results: Lactose maldigestion was established in 24 of 42 subjects (57%) with self-reported lactose intolerance. In 18 lactose-maldigesting subjects, overall hydrogen production and symptom scores after ingestion of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 were not significantly different from baseline values. Live Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 was recovered in stool samples from 7 subjects. Conclusions: Lactose intolerance is overreported in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms after lactose ingestion. Treatment of lactose-maldigesting subjects with and without hypochlorhydria with Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 for 7 d failed to change breath-hydrogen excretion significantly after lactose ingestion. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Saltzman, JR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 69 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 156KC UT WOS:000077999300024 PM 9925136 ER PT J AU Rogers, RA Rogers, LA AF Rogers, RA Rogers, LA TI Environmental and linguistic evidence relevant to New World colonization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 1999 SU 28 BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 184JE UT WOS:000079607500430 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Jackson, A Gazzard, B Philips, G Sharpstone, D Frazer, ME Heird, W AF Jahoor, F Jackson, A Gazzard, B Philips, G Sharpstone, D Frazer, ME Heird, W TI Erythrocyte glutathione deficiency in symptom-free HIV infection is associated with decreased synthesis rate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE glutathione synthesis; human immunodeficiency virus infection; N-acetylcysteine; stable isotope ID RETINAL METABOLISM; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ABNORMALITIES; GALACTOSEMIA; BLOOD; AIDS AB Although several studies have documented intra- and extracellular glutathione (GSH) deficiency in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the mechanisms responsible for the altered GSH homeostasis remain unknown. To determine whether decreased synthesis contributes to this alteration of GSH homeostasis, a primed-constant infusion of[H-2(2)]glycine was used to measure the fractional and absolute rates of synthesis of GSH in five healthy and five symptom-free HIV-infected subjects before and after supplementation for 1 wk with N-acetylcysteine. The erythrocyte GSH concentration of the HIV-infected group was lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control group (1.4 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.08 mmol/l). The smaller erythrocyte GSH pool of the HIV-infected group was associated with a significantly slower (P < 0.01) absolute synthesis rate of GSH (1.15 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.71 +/- 0.15 mmol.l(-1).day(-1)) compared with controls. Cysteine supplementation elicited significant increases in both the absolute rate of synthesis and the concentration of erythrocyte GSH. These results suggest that the GSH deficiency of HIV infection is due in part to a reduced synthesis rate secondary to a shortage in cysteine availability. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, London SW10 9TH, England. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 24 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 276 IS 1 BP E205 EP E211 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 157UL UT WOS:000078080000024 PM 9886968 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Burrin, DG Henry, JF Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ AF Stoll, B Burrin, DG Henry, JF Jahoor, F Reeds, PJ TI Dietary and systemic phenylalanine utilization for mucosal and hepatic constitutive protein synthesis in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE splanchnic metabolism; stable isotopes ID AMINO-ACIDS; PRECURSOR POOL; KINETICS; LEUCINE; L-<1-C-13,N-15>LEUCINE; TRACER AB The objective of this study was to quantify the utilization of dietary and systemic phenylalanine for mucosal and hepatic constitutive protein synthesis in piglets. Seven female piglets (7.6 kg) bearing arterial, portal? peripheral venous, and gastric catheters were fed a high-protein diet and infused intragastrically with U-C-13-labeled protein and intravenously with [H-2(phenyl)(5)]phenylalanine ([H-2(5)]phenylalanine) for 6 h. The isotopic enrichment of the two phenylalanine tracers was measured in arterial and portal blood, in mucosal and hepatic-free and protein-bound phenylalanine, and in very low-density apolipoprotein B-100, albumin, and fibrinogen. The relative isotopic enrichments of the tracers in mucosal-free (ratio of H-2(5)- to U-C-13-labeled = 0.20 +/- 0.05) and protein-bound (0.32 +/- 0.08) phenylalanine differed significantly (P < 0.01). Although this suggests preferential use of arterial phenylalanine for mucosal protein synthesis, on a molar basis, 59 +/- 6% of the mucosal protein was derived from dietary phenylalanine. There were significant differences (P < 0.025) between the relative labeling of the two tracers in arterial (ratio of H-2(5)- to U-C-13-labeled = 1.25 +/- 0.48) and portal(ratio of H-2(5)- to U-C-13-labeled = 0.72 +/- 0.18) phenylalanine. The mean ratio of the two tracers in all proteins of hepatic origin that were analyzed (0.69 +/- 0.18) was similar to that of portal phenylalanine. We conclude that in the fed state portal phenylalanine is preferentially used for constitutive as well as secreted hepatic protein synthesis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stoll, B (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-33920] NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 276 IS 1 BP G49 EP G57 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 158DT UT WOS:000078101300008 PM 9886978 ER PT J AU Ashwell, CM Czerwinski, SM Brocht, DM McMurtry, JP AF Ashwell, CM Czerwinski, SM Brocht, DM McMurtry, JP TI Hormonal regulation of leptin expression in broiler chickens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian embryo; yolk sac; insulin; dexamethasone; estrogen; glucagon; insulin-like growth factor I ID HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; INSULIN AB Leptin, the polypeptide hormone encoded by the obese gene, is secreted by adipose tissue and has been shown to induce satiety and increase energy expenditure in mammals. In this study, we confirmed the presence of a leptin homolog in liver and adipose tissues of broiler chickens. Leptin expression was also detected in chicken embryonic Liver and yolk sac. The effects of hormone treatment on leptin expression in chickens were also investigated. Leptin expression in the liver is increased by insulin and dexamethasone and decreased by glucagon and estrogen. There was no induction of leptin expression in adipose tissue by any treatment, whereas only estrogen decreased adipose expression. The differential effect on liver and adipose tissue suggests that adipocytes in chickens may be expressing leptin at a maximal rate or that its mechanism of expression regulation differs from liver. The localization of leptin expression and tissue-specific effects of hormone treatments on leptin expression observed in chickens may indicate a relationship between leptin and avian lipid metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McMurtry, JP (reprint author), BARC E, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 276 IS 1 BP R226 EP R232 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 157PT UT WOS:000078071400029 PM 9887199 ER PT J AU Brown, CR McNabnay, M Dean, B AF Brown, CR McNabnay, M Dean, B TI Genetic characterization of reduced melanin formation in tuber tissue of Solanum hjertingii and hybrids with cultivated diploids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polyphenol oxidase; catechol; bruise; melanin; mechanical damage; blackspot ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; POTATO CLONES; BLACKSPOT SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENOTYPES; EXPRESSION; TYROSINE; RESISTANCE; FAMILY AB The degree of enzymatic browning in tubers was examined quantitatively in five plant introduction (PI) accessions of Solanum hjertingii and in hybrids of this species with cultivated diploids that had high enzymatic browning. Polyphenol oxidase activity and melanin formation in S. hjertingii accessions was subjected to an analysis of variance, There was significant variation in melanin formation within accessions but the between accession component was not significant. This indicates that it would be most advantageous to select low melanin formation by evaluating individual genotypes within an accession. Significant variation for PPO activity existed between accessions, indicating that selection on the basis of accession means would be the best means of selecting for lower PPO activity. Both parameters were much lower in all S, hjertingii genotypes compared to tetraploid cultivars known for their susceptibility to internal blackspot when mechanically damaged, The reduced browning ire S, hjertingii was due to a lack of PPO activity and not the shortage of substrate. Progenies, and parents of four crosses between selected S, hjertingii genotypes and cultivated diploids were measured for PPO activity and melanin formation. The mean performance of the progenies was closest to the S, hjertingii parent in all cases. Degree of dominance indicated nearly complete dominance or overdominance in the direction of the S, hjertingii parent. These results are discussed in Light of other work which indicates that protein antigenic to PPO antibody is present in S, hjertingii. It appears that inactive PPO is present in the tubers. The pronounced dominance of low PPO activity and suppression of melanin formation in the hybrids with S. hjertingii is premising for the utility of this wild species as a source of genetic factors that, upon introgression into the cultivated potato gene pool, would suppress browning. C1 Washington State Univ, IAREC, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, IAREC, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 170WM UT WOS:000078830100007 ER PT J AU Corsini, D Pavek, J Brown, C Inglis, D Martin, M Powelson, M Dorrance, A Lozoya-Saldana, H AF Corsini, D Pavek, J Brown, C Inglis, D Martin, M Powelson, M Dorrance, A Lozoya-Saldana, H TI Late blight resistant potato germplasm release AWN86514-2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; CLONAL LINEAGES; GREENHOUSE; SOLANUM AB Potato breeding selection AWN86514-2, Solanum tuberosum gp tuberosum, is being released as germplasm that is highly resistant to prevalent North American strains of Phytophthora infestans. This selection has been tested under field conditions in Mount Vernon, Washington (P. infestans US11 and US8 with complex virulence pathotypes), as well as Corvallis, Oregon, and eight other locations in North America (predominantly P. infestans US8) between 1994 and 1997. Both foliage and tubers show partial resistance, Although AWN86514-2 is pollen sterile, it can be successfully used as a female parent. An average of 34% of the progeny from crosses between AWN86514-2 and four susceptible clones mere resistant to late blight when tested at Toluca, Mexico, in 1996. AWN86514-2 also has high resistance to Verticillium wilt and potato virus Y. AWN86514-2 is late maturing, with medium yields of smooth, long-oblong, buff-skinned tubers. Specific gravity is high and french fry color from 7 C (45 F) storage is excellent. The male parent of AWN86514-2 was Ranger Russet, a dual purpose french fry and fresh market variety, and the female parent was KSA195-96, a selection made at Aberdeen, Idaho, fi om Polish germplasm received as true seed from the Polish Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute. Possible sources of the late blight resistance in this clone include S. acaule, S. demissum, S. phureja, S. simiplicifolium, S. stoloniferum, and S. tuberosum gp andigena which are in the Lineage of KSA195-96. This germplasm was developed and released by USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. C1 Univ Idaho, R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Irrigated AG R&E Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Corsini, D (reprint author), Univ Idaho, R&E Ctr, POB AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 170WM UT WOS:000078830100008 ER PT J AU Stallknecht, DE Howerth, EW Reeves, CL Seal, BS AF Stallknecht, DE Howerth, EW Reeves, CL Seal, BS TI Potential for contact and mechanical vector transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey in pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; OSSABAW ISLAND; FERAL SWINE; SEROTYPE; PSYCHODIDAE; INFECTION; GEORGIA; RNA AB Objective-To determine whether swine could be infected with vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) by routes simulating mechanical vector and contact transmission, and to document clinical response and measure source, duration, and extent of associated viral shedding. Animals-48 approximately 10-kg male pigs. Procedure-7 inoculation routes were tested at 3 virus concentrations (10(6), 10(4), and 10(2) median tissue culture-infective doses [TCID50]). Inoculation routes included intradermal (snout), topical application of virus to a scarified area (ear or mucous membrane of the lip), mucosal (oral or conjunctiva) application, and nasal instillation (drop or aerosol). Swine were monitored daily for clinical disease, seroconversion, and virus isolation. Results-Virus was isolated from swab specimens of nasal planum, nasal cavity, saliva, tonsil, and feces from 15 pigs infected by intradermal snout inoculation (10(6) and 10(4) TCID50), scarification of the lip (10(6) and 10(4) TCID50), and oral route (10(6) TCID50). Virus was not isolated from plasma. Vesicular lesions were restrict ed to pigs inoculated via intradermal snout and lip scarification routes. Seroconversion was detected in 23 pigs inoculated by ail routes except intranasal aerosol and conjunctival. Frequency of virus isolation from these pigs was dependent on serologic status and presence of vesicular lesions. Conclusions-Viral titers obtained from swab specimens and infective doses indicated that sufficient virus is shed from infected swine for contact or mechanical transmission to occur. Amount of virus is highest when lesions are present and before seroconversion. Pigs may represent an effective targe-animal model for studying pathogenesis and transmission of VSV-NJ. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Stallknecht, DE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156JP UT WOS:000077998100006 PM 9918146 ER PT J AU Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Wesley, RD Clouser, DF Vorwald, AC Roof, MB AF Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Wesley, RD Clouser, DF Vorwald, AC Roof, MB TI Diagnostic implications of concurrent inoculation with attenuated and virulent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Objective-To determine the predominant strain of progeny virus in samples obtained from cell cultures and pigs exposed simultaneously to attenuated and virulent strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Sample population-Cell cultures and twenty 4-week-old pigs. Procedure-Cell cultures and pigs were simultaneously exposed to various relative concentrations of an attenuated, cell-culture-adapted vaccine strain and a virulent field strain of PRRSV. Progeny virus obtained at selected intervals thereafter was tested to determine strain identity by use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results-Progeny virus from infected cell cultures comprised the attenuated strain, alone or in combination with the virulent strain, except when cultures had been exposed to a large excess (> 100,000-fold) of the virulent strain. Progeny virus from infected pigs comprised only the virulent strain regardless of the relative concentrations of the 2 strains to which the pigs had been exposed. Conclusions-During concurrent replication in cell cultures, the attenuated strain quickly predominated. Conversely, during concurrent replication in pigs, the virulent strain quickly predominated. Clinical Relevance-it is unlikely that only an attenuated strain of PRRSV would be identified by RFLP testing of samples obtained from pigs concurrently infected with a virulent strain of PRRSV. Nevertheless, the ability of a cell-culture-adapted attenuated strain of PRRSV to predominate during cell culture passage (the first step in the current RFLP testing procedure) indicated that, if possible, samples should be obtained from pigs that do not have a history of direct or indirect exposure to attenuated-virus vaccine. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Unit, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. BI NOBL Labs Roof, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mengeling, WL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Unit, Virol Swine Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 156JP UT WOS:000077998100019 PM 9918159 ER PT J AU Jones, AL Longland, WS AF Jones, AL Longland, WS TI Effects of cattle grazing on salt desert rodent communities SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; HETEROMYID RODENTS; POPULATION; RESPONSES; BIRDS; SITE AB Cattle grazing has been shown to alter various features of desert communities that may impact microhabitats required by various species of desert rodents, with unknown implications for desert rodent communities. We conducted a series of studies at heavily and lightly grazed sites to investigate effects of cattle grazing on desert rodent relative abundances, home range sizes and microhabitat use in salt desert shrub communities of the western Great Basin Desert. Monitoring of rodent populations with repeated live trapping showed that different levels of grazing were associated with differences in relative abundances of some species of rodents. Specifically, Dipodomys merriami was significantly more abundant in heavily grazed areas, and Perognathus longimembris was significantly more abundant in lightly grazed areas. Our studies showed that cattle, by preferentially feeding on certain plants, can create conditions that are more suitable for some species of rodents, while reducing important microhabitat for other species. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Jones, AL (reprint author), Wild Utah Project, 165 S Main, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 141 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1999)141[0001:EOCGOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160QL UT WOS:000078242400001 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML Shillingsford, M AF Haag, WR Warren, ML Shillingsford, M TI Host fishes and host-attracting behavior of Lampsilis altilis and Villosa vibex (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; PELECYPODA; MOLLUSCA AB Suitable host fishes were identified for two species of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from the Coosa River drainage, Mobile Basin: Lampsilis altilis, the fine-lined pocketbook and Villosa vibex the southern rainbow. Suitable hosts are defined as fishes that pl produce juvenile mussels from glochidial infestations in the laboratory. Larvae of both L. altilis and V. vibex transformed successfully on four species of sunfishes (Centrarchidae): Lepomis cyanellus, Micropterus coosae, M. punctulatus and M. salmoides. For both mussel species transformation success on L. cyanellus was highly variable and generally lower than on Micropterus spp. Gravid female L. altilis and I: vibex display highly modified mantle margin lures in the early spring. In addition to displaying mantle lures, L. altilis produce superconglutinates, similar to those recently described for three other species of Lampsilis in the southeastern U.S. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 141 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1999)141[0149:HFAHAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160QL UT WOS:000078242400014 ER PT B AU Lewellen, RT Wisler, GC Liu, HY Kaffka, SR Sears, JL Duffus, JE AF Lewellen, RT Wisler, GC Liu, HY Kaffka, SR Sears, JL Duffus, JE GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Reaction of sugarbeet breeding lines and hybrids to beet chlorosis luteovirus. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200038 ER PT B AU McGrath, JM AF McGrath, JM GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Sugarbeet seed germination and emergence in the laboratory and field: new approach to an old problem. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200039 ER PT B AU Yu, MH AF Yu, MH GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Root-knot nematodes in California and the development of resistant sugarbeet varieties SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Yu, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200040 ER PT B AU Lewellen, RT Schrandt, JK AF Lewellen, RT Schrandt, JK GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in sugarbeet derived from Seta maritima. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200041 ER PT B AU McGrath, JM AF McGrath, JM GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Genetic diversity in selected, historical USDA sugarbeet germplasm releases and Beta vulgaris ssp maritima. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200042 ER PT B AU Panella, L AF Panella, L GP ASSBT ASSBT TI The use of germplasm in sugar beet breeding - A breeder's forum SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200044 ER PT B AU Wisler, GC Lewellen, RT Sears, JL Liu, HY Duffus, JE AF Wisler, GC Lewellen, RT Sears, JL Liu, HY Duffus, JE GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Differences in beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) levels among susceptible and resistant sugar beet cultivars grown in the United States. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol ID RHIZOMANIA AB Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) levels as measured by TAS-ELISA were compared to biological evaluations in representative commercial and experimental sugar beet cultivars that range in reactions to rhizomania from uniformly susceptible to highly resistant and were developed for production in the United States. Differences in absorbance (A(405nm)) values measured among the eight cultivars closely corresponded to allelic dosage and to the frequency of the Rz allele that conditions resistance to BNYVV. A diploid (Rzrz) hybrid had a significantly lower absorbance value than a similar triploid (Rzrzrz) hybrid. Cultivars that segregated (Rzrz:rzrz) had higher absorbance values than uniformly resistant (Rzrz) hybrids as would be expected. For all cultivars, differences were observed among harvest dates, with progressively lower absorbance values measured as the season progressed. Absorbance values were significantly positively correlated with rhizomania disease index scores and negatively correlated with individual root weight, plot root weight, and sugar yield. This information is useful in resistance breeding and evaluation programs, and for the sugar industry in consideration of cultivar choice, inoculum production and rotations for future cropping. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Wisler, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 183 EP 196 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200045 ER PT B AU Weiland, JJ Smith, GA Panella, L AF Weiland, JJ Smith, GA Panella, L GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Greenhouse assay for the evaluation of sugarbeet resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol AB Evaluation of sugarbeet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot using field nurseries can be costly and subject to environmental variables that restrict disease development. A rapid method for the detection of resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot in sugarbeet in the greenhouse was developed. Sterile barley grain inoculated with an isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (R9 isolate) known to cause root rot in sugarbeet is the basic inoculum. Infested grain is used to inoculate' 5 week-old sugarbeet plants in the greenhouse and evaluation of root rot severity is determined at 2-3 weeks post-inoculation. Sugarbeet germplasm fi-om the USDA Fort Collins breeding program and one commercial hybrid were used to validate the method and included highly resistant material (FC7092 and FC718) and highly susceptible material (FC403, FC607, and Maribo 'Ultramono'). Ranking of the germplasm accessions for percent healthy roots after inoculation in the greenhouse was similar to the ranking of the same germplasm in the Rhizoctonia root rot nursery in Fort Collins over several years of testing. The method can be used for the selection of individuals exhibiting superior root rot resistance from a segregating population. Evaluation of progeny in a segregating population using the assay can improve the accuracy of root rot resistance scoring for use in molecular marker mapping programs. A preliminary characterization of resistance gene candidates (RGCs) amplified by the polymerase chain reaction that differ between plants exhibiting root rot resistance and root rot susceptibility is presented. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 211 EP 212 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200050 ER PT B AU Johnson, DJ Halloin, JM AF Johnson, DJ Halloin, JM GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Progress in development of a sugarbeet seedling assay for resistance to Aphanomyces cochlioides. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200052 ER PT B AU Weiland, JJ AF Weiland, JJ GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Discrimination of sugarbeet fungal pathogens using amplified DNA from regions of the actin and rRNA genes. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol AB Determination of the causal agents of seedling damping-off and adult root rot can be confounded by misclassification of the disease-causing organism and by the presence of co-colonizing saprophytes. The actin and nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were used as targets in the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols that permitted discrimination of common sugarbeet fungal pathogens without the need for phytopathological expertise. Using DNA primers (5FWDACT and MIDREVACT) directed to conserved regions in the actin gene, amplified DNA was generated from genomic DNA prepared from Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporium, Phoma betae, and Cercospora beticola that was of a size consistent with the amplification of actin gene sequences. Use of primers ITS1 and ITS4 in the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rRNA gene of these fungi also yielded products consistent with the amplification of this gene region. Size polymorphisms in the DNA amplified with the actin and rRNA primer pairs observed between pathogens in different genera also were consistent with the known sequence diversity that exists within these two genes. Where amplified product DNA size was indistinguishable between any two members of differing fungal genera, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) observed after restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified DNA permitted discrimination of the pathogens. Use of the assay in the detection of A. cochlioides in infected sugarbeet seedlings is presented. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200053 ER PT B AU Wozniak, CA AF Wozniak, CA GP ASSBT ASSBT TI A novel fungus pathogenic to the sugarbeet root maggot. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 225 EP 226 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200057 ER PT B AU Martin, SS Thomas, JM AF Martin, SS Thomas, JM GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Glucosinolate composition of trap crop mustard is influenced by nutrient availability and photoperiod. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200058 ER PT B AU Eide, JD Smith, GA Weiland, JJ AF Eide, JD Smith, GA Weiland, JJ GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Use of PCR to detect the sugarbeet root maggot biocontrol fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 228 EP 228 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200059 ER PT B AU Campbell, LG Smith, GA Eide, JD Smith, LJ AF Campbell, LG Smith, GA Eide, JD Smith, LJ GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Metarhizium anisoplaie as a biocontrol agent for sugarbeet root maggot. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 231 EP 231 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200061 ER PT B AU Kuykendall, LD Smigocki, AC AF Kuykendall, LD Smigocki, AC GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Cercospora beticola interactions with axenic sugar beet shoot cultures SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab,Beltsville Area, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kuykendall, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab,Beltsville Area, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200062 ER PT B AU Klotz, KL AF Klotz, KL GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Contribution of invertase and sucrose synthase isoenzymes to sucrose losses in sugarbeet SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol ID STORAGE; BEET; ROOTS C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200067 ER PT B AU Saunders, JW AF Saunders, JW GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Sugarbeet tissue culture media differentially support the growth of sugarbeet pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Cercospora beticola, and Aphanomyces cochlioides. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 264 EP 264 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200068 ER PT B AU Smigocki, A Wilhite, S Elden, T Armstrong, S Wozniak, C AF Smigocki, A Wilhite, S Elden, T Armstrong, S Wozniak, C GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Biotechnological strategies for effective control of the sugarbeet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis Roder). SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 265 EP 265 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200069 ER PT B AU Halloin, JM Petty, CA AF Halloin, JM Petty, CA GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Alternative methods for density grading of sugarbeet seeds: A proposal SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol AB Sugarbeet seeds are selected on "gravity tables" to provide high density seeds that exhibit superior germination and emergence to non-selected seeds. Use of gravity tables allows separation under dry conditions, thus, the seeds do not require drying before treatment and packaging. However, the advent and increased use of seed priming and other preconditioning treatments obviate the need for keeping seeds dry, and opens alternative, and possibly more useful methods of gravity grading that involve moistening of seeds. We propose two methods of achieving gravity-based seed separation with moist seeds. 1) Premoistened seeds could be dispensed into a stream of flowing water. Seeds with densities less than 1.0 (that of water) would float, whereas those with greater densities would sink in the flowing water, with the velocity of sinking being dependant upon their relative densities. Passage of the moving stream of seeds and water through a set of baffles would allow separation of seeds into discrete, preselected density classes. 2) Alternatively, mixtures of seeds and water could be pumped into hydrocyclones. The flow of material into these devices produces a cyclonic flow within them that causes centrifugal separations of materials that then can be drawn off in a binary separation. Either of these proposed grading methods seems likely to provide improved gravity-based separations that may provide planting seed of improved quality. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Halloin, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200077 ER PT B AU Liu, HY Wisler, GC Sears, JL Duffus, JE AF Liu, HY Wisler, GC Sears, JL Duffus, JE GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Beet chlorosis virus - A new luteovirus affecting sugarbeet. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200078 ER PT B AU Ivic, SD Mccanna, IJ Sicher, RC Smigocki, AC AF Ivic, SD Mccanna, IJ Sicher, RC Smigocki, AC GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Carbohydrate content of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) transformed with a cytokinin biosynthesis gene SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200079 ER PT B AU Panella, L Liovic, I Ruppell, EG Kristek, A AF Panella, L Liovic, I Ruppell, EG Kristek, A GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Varied response of Beta vulgaris L. plant introductions to Cercospora beticola in different environments. SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200083 ER PT B AU Pingel, RL Smith, GA Campbell, LG Eide, JD AF Pingel, RL Smith, GA Campbell, LG Eide, JD GP ASSBT ASSBT TI Persistence and movement of fungal conidia applied to soil for the management of the sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder). SO AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the American-Society-of-Sugar-Beet-Technologists CY FEB 10-13, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Sugar Beet Technol ID METARHIZIUM AB The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, has potential as an alternative to chemical soil insecticides for the management of the sugarbeet root maggot. For 3 years (1996-98) in the same field, soil applications of an isolate of the fungus (ARS-T1) were in a rotation of wheat, barley, and sugarbeets and seasons (fall and spring) to evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies. There is a need to better understand what happens to the fungus in the soil after applications (i.e., what concentration of conidia is present, do conidia persist throughout the season, does the fungal concentration build up with repeated applications or timing of applications, and do conidia move within the soil profile?). From May 27 to Aug 19 of 1998, soil samples within the top 22.5 cm (in increments of 7.5 cm) of the soil profile were taken every 2 weeks and analyzed for the presence and quantity of conidia. Concentrations of conidia for the fungal treatments ranged from approximate to 4.0 x 10(4)-1.6 x 10(5) CFU/g of soil throughout the sampling period. The number of conidia did not increase with more applications, nor did timing of applications (fall vs, spring) affect the levels of conidia present in the soil. 57-89% of the conidia was present in the top 7.5 cm of the soil profile, and there were significantly fewer conidia present in the middle and bottom 7.5 cm of the soil profile when applications were made for only 2 years. The data suggest the fungus persists overwinter and during the period of maggot activity with no appreciable reduction in conidial concentration, there is minimal buildup of inoculum over the years or with timing of applications, and there is more downward movement of conidia with more years of applications. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Pingel, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 N 18th St, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY SUGAR BEET TECHNOLOGISTS PI DENVER PA 800 GRANT STREET SUITE 500, DENVER, CO 80203 USA PY 1999 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BQ08R UT WOS:000087105200084 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT AF Silverstein, JT TI Effect of day length on feed intake in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 5 SI SI MA 169 BP 29A EP 30A PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 292NE UT WOS:000085800400170 ER PT J AU Oros, G Ujvary, I Nachman, RJ AF Oros, G Ujvary, I Nachman, RJ TI Antimicrobial activity of o-carboranylalanine SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE amino acids; o-carboranylalanine; histidine; bacteria; fungi; oomycota; Plasmopara ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; AMINO-ACIDS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; CANCER; CAR AB Functionalized polyhedral carboranes, including amino acid analogs, have unique physicochemical properties and are used as experimental anticancer agents. However, our current knowledge on their effect in nonmammalian biological systems is limited. We investigated the activity spectrum in vitro of o-carboranylalanine (o-Cba), considered to be a highly lipophilic analog of phenylalanine, against representative plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi of various taxonomic position. The antibacterial effect of o-Cba against some species was comparable to that of the widely used agricultural antibiotic, streptomycin. The sensitivity of individual bacterial species to o-Cba within the same genus varied to a greater extent than the average sensitivity of various genera. In general, this carborane-containing amino acid was more toxic to Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus) than to Gram negative ones (Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Xanthomonas). Compared to the commercial fungicide, prochloraz, o-Cba was weakly toxic against various fungi (Zygo- and Ascomycota). It was also inferior to the commercial fungicide metalaxyl in inhibiting the vegetative growth of oomyceteous plant pathogens (Pythium irregulare, Phytophthora cryptogea and Plasmopara halstedii). Against the asexual spores of P. halstedii, o-Cba, however, was over a thousandfold more active than tridemorph, a selective zoospore inhibitor fungicide. For all taxonomic groups, the observed antimicrobial effect of o-Cba could be diminished with histidine, but not with phenylalanine. In studies on healthy and mildew-infected sunflower and tobacco plants o-Cba showed neither fungicidal nor phytotoxic effects at 500ppm. This is the first report on the biological activity spectrum of a carborane-containing amino acid. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX USA. RP Oros, G (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, PF 102, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. RI Oros, Gyula/B-1489-2012 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/BF01361661 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 269AZ UT WOS:000084454700004 PM 10707765 ER PT J AU Horne, E Coyle, T O'Keeffe, M Brandon, DL AF Horne, E Coyle, T O'Keeffe, M Brandon, DL TI Immobilisation of thiabendazole specific antibodies on an agarose matrix for application in immunoaffinity chromatography SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDIATED CLEANUP PROCEDURE; SAMPLE PRETREATMENT; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; BOVINE URINE; METABOLITE; CHLORAMPHENICOL AB The covalent immobilisation of two monoclonal antibodies teach of which binds both thiabendazole and its metabolite, 5-hydroxythiabendazole) on an agarose matrix is described. Immunoaffinity columns, made using these immunosorbents, bound radiolabelled thiabendazole and a number of eluents, were evaluated, with ethanol-water (70%) being selected as the most suitable. Re-equilibration of the immunosorbent was possible by purging with water, resulting in a reusable column. The columns were found to be stable under the conditions employed. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. ARS, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP O'Keeffe, M (reprint author), TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JAN PY 1999 VL 124 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1039/a805220d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 159LT UT WOS:000078175200017 ER PT J AU Bernier, UR Booth, MM Yost, RA AF Bernier, UR Booth, MM Yost, RA TI Analysis of human skin emanations by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. 1. Thermal desorption of attractants for the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) from handled glass beads SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Handled glass has the ability to collect and concentrate nonaqueous human shin emanations while minimizing the collection of aqueous perspiration. Compounds originating from the skin and collected on glass have previously been found to attract the Aedes aegypti species of mosquito. Therefore, glass beads were used as the medium to collect skin emanations from humans for subsequent chemical analysis. This process consisted of a 5-15-min collection of sample on glass beads, followed by loading the beads into a gas chromatograph (GC) injector insert for subsequent desorption of the collected compounds onto the GC column. After cryofocusing by liquid nitrogen at the head of the column, the thermally desorbed compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. Microscale purge and trap introduction was also used to provide complementary information. In this case, the beads are held in a round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen, and heated as the concentrator collects the headspace above the beads. The chromatograms produced by both of these sample introduction methods demonstrate good resolution of a complex sample. Cryofocusing volatiles from handled glass allowed identification of lactic acid, aliphatic fatty acids, and other polar to nonpolar compounds of moderate volatility while purge and trap allowed detection of nonpolar to moderately polar compounds of high volatility. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 20 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1021/ac980990v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 155BF UT WOS:000077925500011 PM 9921122 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW AF Bartelt, RJ Zilkowski, BW TI Nonequilbrium quantitation of volatiles in air streams by solid-phase microextraction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a valuable technique for analyzing air-borne organic compounds; one important application is measuring concentrations when these are constant over time, Quantitation normally relies on the SPME fiber being fully equilibrated with the sample medium. Unfortunately, relatively heavy compounds do not equilibrate within a reasonable amount of time, and this has limited the scope of SPME, The ability to quantitate during equilibration was needed and was the focus of this investigation. This entailed having apr accurate description of SPME kinetics, and the kinetics of extraction by poly(dimethylsiloxane) fibers was studied for alkanes of 9-22 carbons, primary alcohols of 6-13 carbons, and methyl esters of 6-16-carbon acids. Sampling was from air streams in which analyte concentrations were effectively constant, and sampling times ranged from 30 min to 3 days. Other experimental variables included sampling temperature, fiber coating thickness, air flow rate, and tubing diameter in which the SPME sampling took: place, Over 1900 data points were acquired. Previous theoretical kinetic models were not applicable to the present experimental conditions, but a simple kinetic equation was formulated that described the data very well; its key property is an explicit relationship between fiber sensitivity and equilibration time, Using nonlinear regression, the equation parameters were linked to known properties of the analyte (the functional group and GC retention index on a nonpolar column) and to certain sampling conditions (temperature, sampling duration, air now rate, tubing diameter). The regression equation serves as a practical quantitation formula and allows the absolute concentration of the analyte in the air stream to be calculated directly from the amount extracted by the SPME fiber (which is easily measured by GC), regardless of whether equilibrium has been established or not, as long as the above analyte properties and sampling conditions are known. The residual variability for the model (RSD = 9.4%) was only slightly larger than the variability inherent in SPME alone (similar to 5%). Considerations for SPME sampling from air are discussed, and new fiber calibration information is presented for the larger hydrocarbons, alcohols, and methyl esters. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1021/ac980785f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 155BF UT WOS:000077925500023 PM 21662930 ER PT J AU Adams, TS AF Adams, TS TI Hematophagy and hormone release SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE diuresis; molting; oogenesis; juvenile hormone; ecdysteroid; neuropeptides ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; INSECT RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; HOST-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; MYOTROPIC OVULATION HORMONE; LARVAL-ADULT DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; JUVENILE-HORMONE; FOLLICLE CELLS; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; FAT-BODY AB Hematophagy is a life style exhibited by approximate to 14,000 species of insects from 5 orders, but detailed physiological information is available for only a few species. This review focuses on 2 well-studied insects, Rhodnius prolixus Stal an obligatory hematophage, and Aedes aegypti (L.), an optional hematophage. Emphasis is placed on hormones that are released after blood-feeding that stimulate diuresis, molting, and reproduction. Even though these 2 insects have been studied since the 1930s, many areas of research are still unexplored. The review and extensive reference list will be beneficial for researchers working with predacious Hemiptera and protein-feeding Diptera. C1 USDA ARS, IGBR, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, IGBR, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 143 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 162MJ UT WOS:000078350400001 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Greenstone, MH AF Zhu, YC Greenstone, MH TI Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing three species and two strains of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) from Diuraphis noxia and Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Aphelinidae; Aphelinus; aphid; Aphididae; biological control; parasitoid ID VARIPES FOERSTER HYMENOPTERA; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI; NATURAL ENEMIES; SOUTHERN FRANCE; GREAT-PLAINS AB Ribosomal DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were cloned and sequenced from Aphelinus albipodus Hayat & Fatima, A varipes (Foerster),and 2 strains of A. asychis Walker, all endoparasitoids that have been released against the Russian wheat al,hid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed on the basis of these rDNA sequences, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully distinguishes all 4 Aphelinus populations from each other and from the Russian wheat aphid and another economically important cereal aphid, the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Two additional strains of A. asychis and 4 postrelease populations of A. albipodus are also correctly identified to species with these primers. An additional strain of A. varipes was not separable from A. albipodus, but on microscopic analysis it proved to be morphologically anomalous. Using this technique, A. asychis DNA is detectable in a parasitized Russian wheat aphid 24 h after parasitization. The sensitivity is 10(-3) adult wasp DNA equivalent. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1310 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 162MJ UT WOS:000078350400010 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Harrington, TC AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA Harrington, TC TI Association between Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) and Fusarium solani (Moniliales : Tuberculariaceae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hypothenemus hampei; Fusarium solani; Nectria hematococca; ambrosia; coffee ID IDENTIFICATION; PRIMERS AB The fungus Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo was isolated from adult females of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) from 2 different populations (Tapachula, Chipas, Mexico; and Allada, Benin, Africa), F. solani was isolated from 60% of H. hampei females reared on an artificial diet for 3 generations, from 90% of field-collected female beetles from Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, and from 100% of field-collected female beetles from Allada, Benin. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear rDNA of the isolates from Mexico and Benin were similar to each other and to published sequences of F. solani (asexual states of Nectria hematococca). The possibility of a symbiotic association between F. solani and H. hampei is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 92 IS 1 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 162MJ UT WOS:000078350400013 ER PT J AU Shanower, TG Romeis, J Minja, EM AF Shanower, TG Romeis, J Minja, EM TI Insect pests of pigeonpea and their management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cajanus cajan; Helicoverpa armigera; Melanagromyza spp.; Clavigralla spp.; Maruca vitrata ID TESTULALIS GEYER LEPIDOPTERA; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; LEGUME POD BORER; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; PLANT PREFERENCE; CAJANUS-CAJAN; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in semi-arid tropical and subtropical farming systems, providing high quality vegetable protein, animal feed, and firewood. Insect pests feeding on flowers, pods, and seeds are the most important biotic constraint affecting pigeonpea yields. This review summarizes the biology and ecology of the three most important groups of pests: flower- and pod-feeding Lepidoptera, pod-sucking Hemiptera, and seed-feeding Diptera and Hymenoptera. Recent research investigating the complex interactions among pigeonpea, its key pests, and their natural enemies is also reviewed. These relationships have implications on the pest status of individual species and on possible control strategies. Pigeonpea pest management research has focused until recently on the identification and development of resistant cultivars and on chemical control. Future research must focus on environmentally sound pest management strategies that are compatible with the needs and limitations of pigeonpea farmers. Several priority areas for research are suggested. C1 Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RI Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 NR 114 TC 58 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1999 VL 44 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.77 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163ZA UT WOS:000078435900005 PM 15012370 ER PT J AU Bellotti, AC Smith, L Lapointe, SL AF Bellotti, AC Smith, L Lapointe, SL TI Recent advances in cassava pest management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE integrated pest management (IPM); biological control; host plant resistance; whiteflies; mites; mealybugs; hornworms; farmer participatory research ID MONONYCHELLUS-TANAJOA ACARI; PHENACOCCUS-MANIHOTI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GREEN MITE; WATER-STRESS; EPIDINOCARSIS-LOPEZI; AFRICA; TETRANYCHIDAE; ALEYRODIDAE; COLOMBIA AB Cassava (Manihot esculenta) occupies a uniquely important position as a food security crop for smallholder farmers in areas of the tropics where climate, soils, or societal stresses constrain production. Given its reliability and productivity, cassava is the most important locally produced food in a third of the world's low-income, food-deficit countries. It is the fourth most important source of carbohydrates for human consumption in the tropics, after rice, sugar, and maize. World production of cassava from 1994-1996 averaged 166 million tons/year grown on 16.6 million hectares (ha), for an average yield of 9.9 tons/ha. Approximately 57% is used for human consumption, 32% for animal feed and industrial purposes, and 11% is waste. Africa accounts for 51.3% of the production; Asia, 29.4%; and Latin America, 19.3%. The area planted to cassava in Africa, Asia, and Latin America is 10.3, 3.7, and 2.6 million ha, respectively. C1 Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali 6713, Colombia. USDA, Agr Res Stn, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA, Agr Res Stn, Apopka, FL 32712 USA. RP Bellotti, AC (reprint author), Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali 6713, Colombia. EM a.belotti@agnet.com NR 186 TC 75 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1999 VL 44 BP 343 EP 370 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.343 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163ZA UT WOS:000078435900015 PM 9990720 ER PT J AU Hopper, KR AF Hopper, KR TI Risk-spreading and bet-hedging in insect population biology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE facultative diapause; spatial distribution of oviposition; migration polyphenism; egg size; genetic polymorphism ID CRICKET ALLONEMOBIUS-SOCIUS; WITHIN-GENERATION VARIANCE; MILKWEED BUGS ONCOPELTUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; DIAPAUSE INDUCTION; FITNESS FUNCTIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; VARYING ENVIRONMENTS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES AB In evolutionary ecology, risk-spreading (i.e. bet-hedging) is the idea that unpredictably variable environments favor genotypes with lower variance in fitness at the cost of lower arithmetic mean fitness. Variance in fitness can be reduced by physiology or behavior that spreads risk of encountering an unfavorable environment over time or space. Such risk-spreading can be achieved by a single phenotype that avoids risks (conservative risk-spreading) or by phenotypic variation expressed by a single genotype (diversified risk-spreading). Across these categories, three types of risk-spreading can be usefully distinguished: temporal. metapopulation, and within-generation. Theory suggests that temporal and metapopulation risk-spreading may work under a broad range of population sites, but within-generation risk-spreading appears to work only when populations are small. Although genetic polymorphisms have sometimes been treated as risk-spreading, the underlying mechanisms are different, and they often require different conditions for their evolution and thus are better treated separately. I review the types of evidence that could be used to test for risk-spreading and discuss evidence for risk-spreading in facultative diapause, migration polyphenism, spatial distribution of oviposition, egg size, and other miscellaneous traits. Although risk-spreading theory is voluminous and well developed in some ways, rarely has it been used to generate detailed, testable hypotheses about the evolution of risk-spreading. Furthermore, although there is evidence for risk-spreading, particularly in facultative diapause, I have been unable to find any definitive tests with unequivocal results showing that risk-spreading has been a major factor in the evolution of insect behaviors or life histories. To advance our understanding of risk-spreading in the wild, we need (a) explicit empirical models that predict levels of diversifying risk-spreading for several insect populations in several environments that vary in uncertainty, and (b) tests of these models using measurements of phenotypes and their fitnesses over several generations in each environment. C1 ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 114 TC 209 Z9 213 U1 9 U2 74 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1999 VL 44 BP 535 EP 560 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.535 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163ZA UT WOS:000078435900022 PM 15012381 ER PT J AU Selhub, J AF Selhub, J TI Homocysteine metabolism. SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE folate; vitamin B-12; vitamin B-6 ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; GLYCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; INDEPENDENT RISK-FACTORS AB Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid whose metabolism stands at the intersection of two pathways: remethylation to methionine, which requires folate and vitamin B-12 (Or betaine in an alternative reaction); and transsulfuration to cystathionine, which requires pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. The two pathways are coordinated by S-adenosylmethionine, which acts as an allosteric inhibitor of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase reaction and as an activator of cystathionine beta-synthase. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition that recent epidemiological studies have shown to be associated with increased risk of vascular disease, arises from disrupted homocysteine metabolism. Severe hyperhomocysteinemia is due to rare genetic defects resulting in deficiencies in cystathionine beta synthase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, or in enzymes involved in methyl-B-12 synthesis and homocysteine methylation. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia seen in fasting conditions is due to mild impairment in the methylation pathway (i.e. folate or B-12 deficiencies or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thermolability). Post-methionine-load hyperhomocysteinemia may be due to heterozygous cystathionine beta-synthase defect or B-6 deficiency. Early studies with nonphysiological high homocysteine levels showed a variety of deleterious effects on endothelial or smooth muscle cells in culture. More recent studies with human beings and animals with mild hyperhomocysteinemia provided encouraging results in the attempt to understand the mechanism that underlies this relationship between mild elevations of plasma homocysteine and vascular disease. The studies with animal models indicated the possibility that the effect of elevated homocysteine is multifactorial, affecting both the vascular wall structure and the blood coagulation system. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 150 TC 723 Z9 747 U1 7 U2 53 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1999 VL 19 BP 217 EP 246 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.217 PG 30 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 226EL UT WOS:000082007300012 PM 10448523 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC TI Chromium as a supplement SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE carbohydrate metabolism; insulin; body composition; animals; humans ID GROWING-FINISHING PIGS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; STRESSED FEEDER CALVES; DIETARY CHROMIUM; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; INORGANIC CHROMIUM; ELDERLY SUBJECTS AB Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral element that has received considerable public attention. The suggestion that Cr intake is generally low has generated interest regarding the purported beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on biological function and health of animals and humans. This review briefly describes key aspects of Cr nutritional status and evaluates the effects of Cr supplementation on various components of biological function, body composition, and health. A novel biological role of Cr in regulation of insulin function is described. Although promising results of Cr supplementation are presented, the considerable challenge of developing methods for routine assessment of Cr nutriture in humans remains. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 107 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1999 VL 19 BP 279 EP 302 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.279 PG 24 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 226EL UT WOS:000082007300014 PM 10448525 ER PT J AU Baik, HW Russell, RM AF Baik, HW Russell, RM TI Vitamin B-12 deficiency in the elderly SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE atrophic gastritis; hypochlorhydria; malabsorption of protein-bound vitamin B-12; food fortification ID PROTEIN-BOUND COBALAMIN; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; SERUM METHYLMALONIC ACID; NITROUS-OXIDE ANESTHESIA; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; INTRINSIC-FACTOR; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION; MEGALOBLASTIC-ANEMIA; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE AB Vitamin B-12 deficiency is estimated to affect 10%-15% of people over the age of 60, and the laboratory diagnosis is usually based on low serum vitamin B12 levels or elevated serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels. Although elderly people with low vitamin B-12 Status frequently lack the classical signs and symptoms of vitamin Bit deficiency, e.g. megaloblastic anemia, precise evaluation and treatment in this population is important. Absorption of crystalline vitamin B-12 does not decline with advancing age. However, compared with the younger population, absorption of protein-bound vitamin Bit is decreased in the elderly, owing to a high prevalence of atrophic gastritis in this age group. Atrophic gastritis results in a low acid-pepsin secretion by the gastric mucosa, which in turn results in a reduced release of free vitamin B12 from food proteins. Furthermore, hypochlorhydria in atrophic gastritis results in bacterial overgrowth of the stomach and small intestine, and these bacteria may bind vitamin B-12 for their own use. The ability to absorb crystalline vitamin B-12 remains intact in older people with atrophic gastritis. The 1998 recommended daily allowance for vitamin B-12 is 2.4 mu g, but elderly people should try to obtain their vitamin B-12 from either supplements or fortified foods (e.g. fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereals) to ensure adequate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Because the American food supply is now being fortified with folic acid, concern is increasing about neurologic exacerbation in individuals with marginal vitamin B-12 status and high-dose folate intake. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Baik, HW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 152 TC 213 Z9 227 U1 4 U2 34 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1999 VL 19 BP 357 EP 377 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.357 PG 21 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 226EL UT WOS:000082007300018 PM 10448529 ER PT J AU Cowling, EB Kelman, A AF Cowling, EB Kelman, A TI George Henry Hepting: Pioneer leader in forest pathology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item DE air pollution impacts on forests; climate impacts on forests; decay and discolorations in wood products; diseases of forest and shade trees; forest pathology; International Tree Disease Register C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cowling, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1999 VL 37 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.19 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 251LD UT WOS:000083446400002 PM 11701815 ER PT J AU Bender, CL Rangaswamy, V Loper, J AF Bender, CL Rangaswamy, V Loper, J TI Polyketide production by plant-associated pseudomonads SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE coronatine; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol; mupirocin; pyoluteorin ID SYRINGAE PV TOMATO; BLACK ROOT-ROT; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; FLUORESCENS PF-5; CORONAFACIC ACID; CORONAMIC ACID; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIBIOTIC 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; ENGINEERED BIOSYNTHESIS AB Polyketides constitute a huge family of structurally diverse natural products including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic compounds, and antiparasitics. Most of the research on polyketide synthesis in bacteria has focused on compounds synthesized by Streptomyces or other actinomycetes; however, plant-associated pseudomonads also produce a variety of compounds via the polyketide pathway including the phytotoxin coronatine, the antibiotic mupirocin, and the antifungal compounds pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. This review focuses on the mode of action, regulation, biosynthesis, and genetics of these four compounds and the potential use of Pseudomonas-derived polyketide synthases in the generation of novel compounds with unique activities. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 110, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bender, CL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 110, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 94 TC 63 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1999 VL 37 BP 175 EP 196 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.175 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 251LD UT WOS:000083446400008 ER PT J AU Cunfer, BM Ueng, PP AF Cunfer, BM Ueng, PP TI Taxonomy and identification of Septoria and Stagonospora species on small-grain cereals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cereal diseases; anamorph; teleomorph; Septoria tritici; Stagonospora nodorum; Leptosphaeria; Phaeosphaeria ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; LEPTOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; DETACHED LEAVES; DNA-SEQUENCES; WHEAT SEED; BARLEY; PASSAGE AB Numerous significant changes have been made in the taxonomy of both the anamorphs and teleomorphs of the Septoria group of leaf spot pathogens on small grain cereals during the past 30 years. The pathogens fall into two related but distinct groups, with anamorphic genera now placed in Septoria and Stagonospora of the Sphaeropsidales. Each of these genera has distinct teleomorphs in the Loculoascomycetes in Mycosphaerella and Phaeosphaeria. These reclassifications were based largely on fungal morphology and host pathogenicity as originally characterized. Recent studies have investigated the phylogenetic relationships among these species using the techniques of molecular genetics, and have related molecular characteristics to taxonomy based on classical morphology. A clearer understanding of the taxonomy of this group will enhance our ability to diagnose and manage these important cereal pathogens. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Unit, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cunfer, BM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 120 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1999 VL 37 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.267 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 251LD UT WOS:000083446400011 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA DellaPenna, D AF Grusak, MA DellaPenna, D TI Improving the nutrient composition of plants to enhance human nutrition and health SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE minerals; vitamins; iron; alpha-tocopherol; phytochemicals ID GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE; RECOMMENDED DIETARY-ALLOWANCES; VITAMIN-E CONTENT; P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; IRON-STRESS-RESPONSE; PISUM-SATIVUM; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; FE-EFFICIENCY; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION AB Plant foods contain almost all of the mineral and organic nutrients established as essential for human nutrition, as well as a number of unique organic phytochemicals that have been linked to the promotion of good health. Because the concentrations of many of these dietary constituents are often low in edible plant sources, research is under way to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their transport, synthesis and accumulation in plants. This knowledge can be used to develop strategies with which to manipulate crop plants, and thereby improve their nutritional quality. Improvement strategies will differ between various nutrients, but generalizations can be made for mineral or organic nutrients. This review focuses on the plant nutritional physiology and biochemistry of two essential human nutrients, iron and vitamin E, to provide examples of the type of information that is needed, and the strategies that can be used, to improve the mineral or organic nutrient composition of plants. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Penna, Maria Pietronilla/0000-0002-0982-3893 NR 169 TC 248 Z9 277 U1 8 U2 52 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1999 VL 50 BP 133 EP 161 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.133 PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 213TB UT WOS:000081288400006 ER PT B AU Nobes, GAR Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Nobes, GAR Orts, WJ Glenn, GM GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Orientation studies of microbial polyesters at the air-water interface SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers ID BACTERIAL AB The orientation of organic thin films of natural polymers of microbial origin was studied with the aid of Langmuir-Blodgett films and x-ray reflectivity. The polymer system studied included a number of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of microbial polyesters which include both thermoplastic and elastomeric materials and which have previously been shown to form stable monolayers at the air-water interface. The spreading behavior of each polymer was studied and the orientation of the polymer following transfer to a substrate was determined using x-ray reflectivity. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Nobes, GAR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 2185 EP 2189 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900414 ER PT B AU Orts, WJ Godbout, DL Marchessault, RH Revol, JF AF Orts, WJ Godbout, DL Marchessault, RH Revol, JF GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Effect of length on tee alignment of cellulose microfibrils: A small angle neutron scattering study SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers ID CRYSTALLITES AB Cellulose microfibrils obtained by the acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers were aligned in magnetic and shear fields. Small angle neutron scattering, SANS, was used to describe the effect of particle size on alignment. In a 2 Telsa magnetic field, aqueous suspensions of microfibrils exhibit enhanced cholesteric ordering; i.e, the entire sample becomes aligned in a helicoidal, chiral nematic arrangement with the chiral nematic axis aligned in the field direction. In a shear field, cellulose microfibrils align in a simple nematic arrangement, with no evidence of the chiral nematic (cholesteric) packing. The SANS interference peaks indicative of microfibril alignment sharpen with increasing shear rate regardless or me size or microfibrils. Length has a significant effect on the relaxation of enhanced ordering, with longer particles (280 nm in length) remaining remarkably ordered for many hours after cessation of shear, while shorter particles (<180 nm) lose their order within minutes. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 2195 EP 2199 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900416 ER PT B AU Momany, FA Willett, JL AF Momany, FA Willett, JL GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Molecular modeling studies of the molecular components of starch. I. An atomistic model of the double helical structure of amylose and amylopectin SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers ID CRYSTALLINE AB Starch is made of amylose and highly branched (amylopectin) alpha-linked chains of D-anhydroglucose. A detailed atomistic model for the amylose and amylopectin components of starch was simulated using established molecular modeling methods. In particular, attention is paid to the formation of A and B amylose in the double helix configuration, and to the formation of the double helix configuration after the branch point in amylopectin. Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out over extended periods of time, and calculations suggest that the observed crystallographic parameters for the A and B forms of amylose can be reproduced with water molecules either inside the core of the double helix or with the core devoid of water. In both cases the strand repeat distance of similar to 2.14 nm is found. Models of the amylopectin macroscopic formation are described and speculation as to the molecular details of the amorphous high solvent and crystalline starch structure are made. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 2402 EP 2406 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900454 ER PT J AU de Lucca, AJ Walsh, TJ AF de Lucca, AJ Walsh, TJ TI Antifungal peptides: Novel therapeutic compounds against emerging pathogens SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Review ID EXPERIMENTAL DISSEMINATED CANDIDIASIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; TRACHEAL ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; RABBIT GRANULOCYTE PEPTIDES; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL DEFENSINS; SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; NEOFORMANS IN-VITRO; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NCI, Immunocompromised Host Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP de Lucca, AJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM adelucca@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 191 TC 176 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 163UD UT WOS:000078424000001 PM 9869556 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Eischen, FA Baxter, JR Elzen, GW Wilson, WT AF Elzen, PJ Eischen, FA Baxter, JR Elzen, GW Wilson, WT TI Detection of resistance in US Varroa jacobsoni Oud. (Mesostigmata : Varroidae) to the acaricide fluvalinate SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa jacobsoni; fluvalinate; resistance; US; honey bee; Apis mellifera; Apistan (R) ID INSECTICIDES; HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Populations of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. from three geographic regions of the United States were assayed for resistance to fluvalinate. A bioassay using a discriminating concentration estimated to cause approximately 80-90 % mortality in a fluvalinate-susceptible strain of V. jacobsoni was used to compare percent mortalities between locations. An average of 73.3 % mortality was seen in two additional operations in Texas, not significantly less than the susceptible strain. An average of 23.7 % mortality was found for mites tested in Florida that had originated from field control failures; Florida test mortality was significantly less than that of the susceptible strain. An average of 65.1 % mortality was found for mites tested in California, also significantly less than mortality of susceptible mites. However, no field control failures were reported for the mites tested in California. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1051/apido:19990102 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 175YT UT WOS:000079124200002 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA AF de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA TI Occurrence of two genotypes of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in North America SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa jacobsoni; genotype; RAPD; North America; USA; Canada; Mexico; Russia; Europe ID MITE POPULATIONS; BRAZIL; BEES; CLIMATE AB Both the Russian and Japanese genotypes of Varroa jacobsoni were present in the United Stares and Canada. Only the Russian genotype was found in Mexico. Our results suggest that North America, and especially the United States has had more than one introduction of Varroa jacobsoni. Differences in virulence among strains of V. jacobsoni may be the basis for reports of regional variation in honey bee resistance to Varroa. Thus, further studies on the interaction between Varroa and honey bee genotypes are needed to fully resolve the issue. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1051/apido:19990104 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 175YT UT WOS:000079124200004 ER PT J AU Feldlaufer, MF AF Feldlaufer, MF TI Tau-fluvalinate content of Apistan (R) strips SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE tau-fluvalinate content; Apistan (R); liquid chromatography; Apistan (R) resistance ID EFFICACY AB The tau-fluvalinate content of 13 lot numbers of Apistan(R) strips was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average percent tau-fluvalinate in strips from each lot number ranged from 9.95 to 10.64 %, which falls within the range specified in the Confidential Statement of Formula (CSF) on file with the Environmental Protection Agency. It is not likely that the reduced efficacy in parasitic mite (Varroa jacobsoni) control reported in certain areas of the US is due to the tau-fluvalinate content of Apistan(R) strips. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feldlaufer, MF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mfeldlau@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1051/apido:19990105 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 175YT UT WOS:000079124200005 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Conway, WS Brown, MW Sapers, GM Fratamico, P Buchanan, RL AF Janisiewicz, WJ Conway, WS Brown, MW Sapers, GM Fratamico, P Buchanan, RL TI Fate of Escherichia coli0157 : H7 on fresh-cut apple tissue and its potential for transmission by fruit flies SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; COLI O157-H7; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; VEGETABLES; PATHOGENS; PRODUCE; STORAGE; CIDER AB Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, as well as nonpathogenic strains ATCC 11775 and ATCC 23716, grew exponentially in wounds on Golden Delicious apple fruit. The exponential growth occurred over a longer time period on fruit inoculated with a lower concentration of the bacterium than on fruit inoculated with a higher concentration. The bacterium reached the maximum population supported in the wounds regardless of the initial inoculum concentrations. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 in various concentrations of sterilized apple juice and unsterilized cider declined over time and declined more quickly in diluted juice and cider. The decline was greater in the unsterilized cider than in juice, which may have resulted from the interaction of E, coli O157:H7 with natural populations of yeasts that increased with time. Experiments on the transmission of E. coli by fruit flies, collected from a compost pile of decaying apples and peaches, were conducted with strain F-11775, a fluorescent transformant of nonpathogenic E, coli ATCC 11775. Fruit dies were easily contaminated externally and internally with E, coli F-11775 after contact with the bacterium source. The flies transmitted this bacterium to uncontaminated apple wounds, resulting in a high incidence of contaminated wounds. Populations of the bacterium in apple wounds increased significantly during the first 48 h after transmission. Further studies under commercial conditions are necessary to confirm these findings. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 28 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 154RD UT WOS:000077901800001 PM 9872751 ER PT J AU Kedera, CJ Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE AF Kedera, CJ Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE TI Incidence of Fusarium spp. and levels of fumonisin B-1 in maize in western Kenya SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; SECTION LISEOLA; MONILIFORME; CONTAMINATION; ZEARALENONE; POPULATIONS; MUTANTS; HYBRIDS; FOODS AB Maize kernel samples were collected in 1996 from smallholder farm storages in the districts of Bomet, Bungoma, Kakamega, Kericho, Kisii, Nandi, Siaya, Trans Nzoia, and Vihiga in the tropical highlands of western Kenya, Two-thirds of the samples were good-quality maize, and one-third were poor-quality maize with a high incidence of visibly diseased kernels. One hundred fifty-three maize samples were assessed for Fusarium infection by culturing kernels on a selective medium. The isolates obtained were identified to the species level based on morphology and on formation of the sexual stage in Gibberella fujikuroi mating population tests. Fusarium moniliforme (G. fujikuroi mating population A) was isolated most frequently, but F. subglutinans (G. fujikuroi mating population E), F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F, solani, and other Fusarium species were also isolated. The high incidence of kernel infection with the fumonisin-producing species F. moniliforme indicated a potential for fumonisin contamination of Kenyan maize. However, analysis of 197 maize kernel samples by high-performance liquid chromatography found little fumonisin B-1 in most of the samples. Forty-seven percent of the samples contained fumonisin B-1 at levels above the detection limit (100 ng/g), but only 5% were above 1,000 ng/g, a proposed level of concern for human consumption. The four most-contaminated samples,,vith fumonisin B-1 levels ranging from 3,600 to 11,600 ng/g, were from poor-quality maize collected in the Kisii district. Many samples with a high incidence of visibly diseased kernels contained little or no fumonisin B-1, despite the presence off. moniliforme. This result may be attributable to the inability of F. moniliforme isolates present in Kenyan maize to produce fumonisins, to the presence of other ear rot fungi, and/or to environmental conditions unfavorable for fumonisin production. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 30 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 154RD UT WOS:000077901800007 PM 9872757 ER PT J AU Thomasson, JA Pennington, DA Pringle, HC Columbus, EP Thomson, SJ Byler, RK AF Thomasson, JA Pennington, DA Pringle, HC Columbus, EP Thomson, SJ Byler, RK TI Cotton mass flow measurement: Experiments with two optical devices SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; yield monitoring; process control; cotton ginning; mass flow AB Mass flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed cotton is important in at feast two processes: yield monitoring during harvesting, and input and output determinations at various stages of ginning. In this work, two experimental devices were constructed and tested for measuring the flow of pneumatically conveyed cotton. One (device A) was used to collect data in the seed-cotton unloading duct of a gin, a cotton picker duct, and a lint-cleaner-waste duct. The other (device B) was used to collect data in the seed-cotton unloading duct of a gin and a lint-cleaner-waste duct. Tests were conducted in which known amounts of cotton were conveyed through the duct over a known time period, making it possible to calculate the average actual material flow rate. The average output of each device during the test runs was also calculated. Actual flow rate wars compared to measured flow rate with linear regression. For seed cotton in the unloading duct, both devices performed well. For seed cotton in the picker chute, device A performed well, but device B was not tested. For waste in the lint-cleaner-waste duct, device A performed well and better than device B. In most cases, the correlation between sensor output and cotton mass flow was strong. Both devices look promising for application in appropriate locations in a cotton picker or gin. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Yazoo Mississippi Delta Joint Water Management Di, Stoneville, MS USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. USDA ARS, Appl & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, US Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomasson, JA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9623, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 237VU UT WOS:000082677900002 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL AF Peterson, DL TI Economical evaluation of an apple harvest aid for inclined trellised canopies SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE apples; fruit harvesting; hand harvesting; harvest aids; productivity AB An economic analysis was conducted to compare harvesting costs of an experimental mechanical apple harvest aid and commercial hand harvesting for an 8- and la-week harvest season. Under no conditions were harvest costs for the mechanical apple harvest aid at or below current commercial hand harvesting costs. However, a three-worker harvest aid operated for 12 weeks with workers picking at 8.17 kg/worker-mm came close to being a breakeven situation with hand harvesting. If a financial breakeven situation between the harvest aid and hand harvesting exist, the harvest aid may be adopted by the apple industry since the harvest aid requires less labor. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 237VU UT WOS:000082677900006 ER PT J AU Stetson, LE Meyer, SM AF Stetson, LE Meyer, SM TI Electrical systems for dairies for entering into the next century SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE electric wiring; electrical codes; electric power; dairies AB Electrical equipment and wiring methods appropriate for the environments found in dairy housing are discussed. Proper grounding of systems and equipment and selection of overcurrent devices to facilitate fail-safe electrical systems are presented. Methods to limit voltage drop to 5% from the facility power source to the end-use equipment are offered There are recommendations for locating equipment, wiring methods, and additional safety switches for protection of equipment for facilitating service. Since many recommendations are general, there are suggested references for further details on wiring and equipment selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stetson, LE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 252 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 237VU UT WOS:000082677900012 ER PT J AU Begonia, MF Kremer, RJ AF Begonia, MF Kremer, RJ TI Chemotaxis of deleterious rhizobacteria to birdsfoot trefoil SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deleterious rhizobacteria; chemotaxis; spermosphere; rhizosphere; microbial ecology; birdsfoot trefoil; Lotus corniculatus ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TI-PLASMID; PLANT; BACTERIA; GENES; SEEDS; SOIL AB Intact seeds and seed and seedling root exudates of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were used as chemoattractants in experiments to determine the relative importance of chemotaxis in spermosphere and rhizosphere colonization by selected rhizobacteria. Results for soft-agar, capillary tube and soil chemotaxis assays indicated that selected deleterious rhizobacteria were attracted to seed and seedling root exudates. Several sugars and phenolic fractions detected in exudates were chemoattractants for these rhizobacteria. Using soil-chemotaxis assemblies, migration of rhizobacterial isolates through 2 cm distances of soil toward birdsfoot trefoil seeds was detected within 24 h. Isolates were not detected at the same site in soils without seeds until 72 h after inoculation. These results suggest that attraction of deleterious rhizobacteria toward seeds and seedling roots mediated by exudates (chemotaxis) might be the first step in the establishment and subsequent colonization of bacteria involved in soilborne disease complexes of birdsfoot trefoil. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM snrbobk@showme.missouri.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 160RU UT WOS:000078245400005 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, AJ TI Microbial activity in response to water-filled pore space of variably eroded southern Piedmont soils SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon mineralization; microbial biomass; nitrogen mineralization; soil texture; soil water ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; BULK-DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION; MOISTURE; CARBON AB Potential C and N mineralization and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) are soil biological properties important in understanding nutrient and organic matter dynamics. Knowledge of soil water content at a matric potential near field capacity is needed to determine these biological properties. The objective of this study was to examine whether adjustment of soil water content to a common level of water-filled pore space (WFPS) may be an acceptable alternative that would require little prior analysis in comparison with adjustment based on matric potential. Potential C and N mineralization and SMBC were determined from 15 variably eroded soils of the Madison-Cecil-Pacolet association (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) in response to WFPS. The levels of WFPS to achieve maximum activity and biomass under naturally settled conditions were unaffected by clay content and occurred at 0.42+/-0.03 m(3) m(-3) for net N mineralization during 24 days of incubation, 0.51+/-0.22 m(3) m(-3) for specific respiratory activity of SMBC, 0.60+/-0.07 m(3) m(-3) for cumulative C mineralization during 24 d of incubation, and 0.76+/-0.27 m(3) m(-3) for SMBC. Selecting a common WFPS level of 0.5 m(3) m(-3) resulted in 96+/-2%, 97+/-5%, 97+/-4%, and 88+/-10% of the maximum for these four properties, respectively, and was a reasonable compromise when attempting to estimate these properties during simultaneous incubations. Adjusting soil water content based on WFPS was simpler and nearly as reliable as based on matric potential, in which soil water content at -33 kPa varied from 0.16 to 0.30 g g(-1). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 30 TC 107 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00128-0 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 160RU UT WOS:000078245400010 ER PT J AU Summerfelt, ST Adler, PR Glenn, DM Kretschmann, RN AF Summerfelt, ST Adler, PR Glenn, DM Kretschmann, RN TI Aquaculture sludge removal and stabilization within created wetlands SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE denitrification; horizontal flow; nitrification; overland flow; reed beds; sand drying beds; sludge dewatering; sludge treatment; vetiver; vertical flow ID SYSTEM AB The objective of this research was to investigate treatment of the concentrated solids discharge produced during clarifier backwash within an aquaculture facility. Solids removal and stabilization were investigated within two types of created wetlands where water flowed either: (1) vertically, down through a porous substrate; or (2) horizontally, over soil and through plant hedges. Six 3.7 x 1.2 x 0.8-m (L x W x H) wetland cells were used to provide three replicates for both types of wetland. Approximately equal numbers of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) tillers were planted on both wetlands types in November of 1994. Sludge (7500 mg l(-1) solids) was loaded onto both wetland types six times day(-1), with no scheduled drying cycle, from 12 May 1995 until 28 February 1996. Sludge was applied at a rate of about 1.35 cm day(-1), or about 30 kg dry solids m(-2) year(-1). Results from this short study indicated that the vertical flow and horizontal flow wetlands, respectively, removed 98 and 96% TSS, 91 and 72% total COD, and 81 and 30% dissolved COD. Both types of wetland cells removed most (82-93%) of the total kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved phosphate. Measurements of sludge depths and TVS at the end of the study indicated considerable mineralization occurred in the wetlands; stored sludge at the end of the study had 50% less TVS than untreated sludge. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Summerfelt, ST (reprint author), Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, POB 1746, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM ssummerf@ix.netcom.com NR 23 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00042-9 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 160RH UT WOS:000078244400002 ER PT J AU Van, TK Wheeler, GS Center, TD AF Van, TK Wheeler, GS Center, TD TI Competition between Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria americana as influenced by soil fertility SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE growth; biomass production; nutrient enrichment; competition ID NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND; GRADIENT; MACROPHYTES; COEXISTENCE; HEATHLAND; ISLAND; MICHX AB The influence of soil fertility on competitive interactions between dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] and American eelgrass (Vallisneria americana Michx) was investigated. Addition series experiments were conducted with mixed plantings of Hydrilla : Vallisneria grown at two levels of soil fertility. Competitive abilities of each plant species were determined using the reciprocal-yield model of mean plant weight. In monocultures, Hydrilla biomass averaged six times higher at high fertility as compared to biomass at low fertility whereas only a two-fold increase in biomass was obtained with Vallisneria grown in similar fertility treatments. In mixed cultures at high fertility, Hydrilla was the stronger competitor relative to Vallisneria, with one Hydrilla plant being competitively equivalent to 7.2 Vallisneria plants in terms of their respective abilities to reduce Hydrilla biomass. Under nutrient limiting conditions, however, Hydrilla growth and its competitive advantage over Vallisneria were both depressed, and Vallisneria was the dominant species. These data indicated that differential response to increased nutrient inputs is one major determinant of competitive success in mixtures of dioecious Hydrilla and Vallisneria. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 62 IS 4 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00100-4 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172ND UT WOS:000078929900002 ER PT J AU Grosz, MD Fahrenkrug, S Macneil, MD AF Grosz, MD Fahrenkrug, S Macneil, MD TI Comparative positional candidate cloning: KIT as a candidate gene for the Hereford coat colour phenotype SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article AB Coat color has been implicated in predisposition to Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (,,cancer eye") and sunburned udders, both of which occur at higher frequencies in Hereford populations. In a backcross mapping population, the S (spotting) locus has been mapped by genetic linkage to bovine chromosome 6, showing complete linkage with microsatellite marker CA028. The phenotype and mode of inheritance of the bovine S locus is reminiscent of allelic variation at positionally homologous murine loci Data is presented indicating genetic linkage between the bovine S locus and markers physically proximal to c-Kit on chromosome 6. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grosz, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Rt 1 Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 1999 VL 42 SI SI BP 160 EP 162 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 265JV UT WOS:000084240400032 ER PT J AU Smagghe, G Gelman, D Tirry, L AF Smagghe, G Gelman, D Tirry, L TI In vivo and in vitro effects of tebufenozide and 20-hydroxyecdysone on chitin synthesis SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Ecdysone Workshop CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL JENA, GERMANY DE ecdysone agonist; tebufenozide (RH-5992); ecdysteroid; beet armyworm; European corn borer; cuticulogenesis; chitin synthesis; N-acetylglucosamine incorporation ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSTEROID AGONISTS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; ECLOSION HORMONE; ECDYSONE AGONIST; MANDUCA-SEXTA; 5TH INSTARS AB Last-instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, fed on diet containing the nonsteroidal molting hormone agonist, tebufenozide, at 1 mg/liter, exhibited a premature induction of chitin synthesis. Treatment with tebufenozide apparently caused normal amounts of chitin to be formed in the cuticle. This effect complemented the precocious induction of larval molting (apolysis) that was observed in response to tebufenozide. Subsequently, normal ecdysis was inhibited and treated larvae died while still within their old cuticle. In another series of experiments, I-day-old pupae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, were injected with various doses of tebufenozide or 20E. Incorporation of N-[acetyl-1-C-14]glucosamine served as a measure of chitin production and was monitored in cultured day-4 and day-5 claspers. Tebufenozide at 100, 200, and 400 ng induced synthesis in day-4 claspers and incorporation was enhanced 8-fold as compared to control claspers. A similar stimulation of chitin synthesis was observed with 2,000 ng of 20E. For day-5 claspers, high doses of tebufenozide inhibited chitin synthesis. Treatment with tebufenozide had a deleterious effect on adult development and even at the lowest dose injected, 10 ng, adult eclosion was completely inhibited. Our current results indicate that in both larvae and pupae/ pharate adults, tebufenozide can induce the premature synthesis of chitin as can 20E, but the effective dose of tebufenozide is much lower than that for 20E. The results support the view that tebufenozide, although nonsteroidal in nature, is able to mimic the activity of ecdysteroids in inducing chitin synthesis. However, development in treated insects is abnormal and the newly formed cuticle is imperfect and unable to survive a molt. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 41:33-41, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Dept Crop Protect, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smagghe, G (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, Dept Crop Protect, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Guy.Smagghe@rug.ac.be NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)41:1<33::AID-ARCH6>3.0.CO;2-M PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 193NA UT WOS:000080141700006 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB AF Gelman, DB TI Parasitoid physiology and biochemistry effects on the host insect - Preface SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP I EP I DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)40:13.0.CO;2-E PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 163DH UT WOS:000078387100001 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Kelly, TJ Reed, DA Beckage, NE AF Gelman, DB Kelly, TJ Reed, DA Beckage, NE TI Synthesis/release of ecdysteroids by Cotesia congregata, a parasitoid wasp of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host/parasite interactions; ecdysteroid; parasitoid ecdysteroid production/release; molting; metamorphosis; developmental arrest ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; LARVAL-PUPAL DEVELOPMENT; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; HOST LARVAE; 5TH INSTARS; HEMOLYMPH; ACCUMULATION; HYMENOPTERA AB Parasitized Manduca sexta undergo developmental arrest in the instar (typically the fifth) from which the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata will emerge, Host hemolymph ecdysteroid titers as well as levels of other regulatory molecules are manipulated by the parasitoid to create an environmental milieu which is most suitable for the wasp to complete its life cycle, Based on the results of in vivo studies (reported earlier), the parasitoid appears to require a host hemolymph ecdysteroid titer of 300-400 pg/mu l, which it effects in its host, in part, by synthesizing and releasing ecdysteroid, Here we used in vitro incubation to characterize C,congregata's synthesis and release of this group of steroid hormones. In addition, we identified physical characteristics as markers for tracking parasitoid ecdysteroid content as well as hormone synthesis and release, Ecdysteroid content of whole body homogenates increased with parasitoid age. Body length, anal vesicle size and time of ecdysis provided more precise indicators of times when ecdysteroid content would be high or low Ecdysteroid levels peaked at the time of the parasitoid's molt from the Ist to the 2nd instar and again in the largest parasitoids that were preparing for their molt to the 3rd instar. Ecdysteroid synthesis and release also increased with parasitoid age. When body length was the independent variable, synthesis and release peaked in larvae that were 3.0 mm (often undergoing a molt), dipped in larvae that were 3.6 mm (post-molt), and rose again as larvae increased in length, E, 20HE and polar ecdysteroids were the predominant ecdysteroids released on days 1 through 4. Thus, an ecdysteroid known to be physiologically active is released by the parasitoid, This is the first time that a precise, detailed system of markers has been identified for tracking C, congregata development, Our results support the view that parasitoid synthesis and release of ecdysteroids are associated with specific events in the parasitoid's life cycle and can be predicted by selected physical markers including parasitoid size and instar, size/degree of ballooning of the anal vesicle, and shedding of the Ist instar cuticle. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USDA, ARS, IBL, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, IBL, PSI, Room 322,Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gelman@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)40:1<17::AID-ARCH3>3.0.CO;2-# PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 163DH UT WOS:000078387100003 ER PT J AU Hopkins, TL Starkey, SR Xu, R Merritt, ME Schaefer, J Kramer, KJ AF Hopkins, TL Starkey, SR Xu, R Merritt, ME Schaefer, J Kramer, KJ TI Catechols involved in sclerotization of cuticle and egg pods of the grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, and their interactions with cuticular proteins SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect cuticle; sclerotization; catecholamines; catechols; N-acetyldopamine; grasshopper; Melanoplus sanguinipcs; egg pod; ootheca ID SOLID-STATE C-13; INSECT CUTICLE; ORTHO-DIPHENOLS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CROSS-LINKS; N-15 NMR; HEMOLYMPH; ACETYLDOPAMINE; PUPAL AB N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) is the major catechol in the hemolymph of nymphal and adult grasshoppers, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), and mainly occurs as an acid-labile conjugate indicated to be a sulfate ester. Its concentration increases in last instar nymphs and peaks during adult cuticle sclerotization. Dopamine (DA), the precursor of NADA and melanic pigments, is about 10 times lower in concentration than NADA, but shows a similar pattern of accumulation. NADA also predominates in cuticle, but its concentration is lowest during the active period of sclerotization, reflecting its role as a precursor for quinonoid tanning agents. Two other catechols, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DOBA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET), also occur in hemolymph and cuticle, and their profiles suggest a role in cuticle stabilization. Solid-state NMR analysis of sclerotized grasshopper cuticle (fifth instar exuviae) estimated the relative abundances of organic components to be 59% protein, 33% chitin, 6% catechols, and 2% lipid. About 99% of the catechols are covalently bound in the cuticle, and therefore are involved in sclerotization of the protein-chitin matrix. To determine the types of catechol covalent interactions in the exocuticle, samples of powdered exuviae were heated in HCL under different hydrolytic conditions to release adducts and cross-linked products. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylketoethanol (DOPKET) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylketoethylamine (arterenone) are the major hydrolysis products in weak and strong acid, respectively, and primarily represent NADA oligomers that apparently serve as cross-links and filler material in sclerotized cuticle. Intermediate amounts of norepinephrine (NE) are released, which represent N-acetylnorepinephrine (NANE), a hydrolysis product of NADA bonded by the b-carbon to cuticular proteins and possibly chitin. Small quantities of histidyl-DA and histidyl-DOPET ring and side-chain C-N adducts are released by strong acid hydrolysis. Therefore, grasshopper cuticle appears to be sclerotized by both o-quinones and p-quinone methides of NADA and dehydro-NADA, which results in a variety of C-O and C-N covalent bonds linked primarily through the side-chain carbons of the catechol moiety to amino acid residues in cuticular proteins. The primary catechol extracted from both the female accessory glands/calyx and the proteinaceous frothy material of the egg pod is DOBA, which also commonly occurs in cockroach accessory glands and oothecae, presumably as a tanning agent precursor. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was also detected in extracts of the accessory glands/calyx of grasshoppers, and may serve as a precursor for DOBA synthesis. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hopkins, TL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)40:3<119::AID-ARCH1>3.0.CO;2-H PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 184EC UT WOS:000079596600001 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Jaffe, H Gelman, DB Hakim, RS AF Loeb, MJ Jaffe, H Gelman, DB Hakim, RS TI Two polypeptide factors that promote differentiation of insect midgut stem cells in vitro SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differentiation factor; midgut; Heliothis virescens; Manduca sexta; stem cells ID GROWTH-FACTOR; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FAT-BODY; FAMILY; LARVAE; PURIFICATION; EPITHELIUM; EXTRACTS AB Isolated stem cells from the midguts of Manduca sexta and Heliothis virescens can be induced to differentiate in vitro by either of two polypeptide factors, One of the peptides was isolated from culture medium conditioned by differentiating mixed midgut cells; we used high performance liquid chromatographic separation and Edman degradation of the most prominent active peak. It is a polypeptide with 30 amino acid residues (3,244 Dal, with the sequence HVGKTPIVGQPSIPGGPVRLCPGRIR-YFKI, and is identical to the C-terminal peptide of bovine fetuin. A portion of this molecule (HVGKTPIVGQPSIPGGPVRLCPGRIR) was synthesized and was found to be very active in inducing differentiation of H. virescens midgut seem cells. It was designated Midgut Differentiation Factor 1 (MDF1), Proteolysis of bovine fetuin with chymotrypsin allowed isolation of a pentamer, Midgut Differentiation Factor 2 (MDF2) with the sequence HRAHY corresponding to a portion of the fetuin molecule near MDF1, Synthetic MDF2 was also biologically active in midgut stem cell bioassays, Dose response curves indicate activity in physiological ranges from 10(-14) to 10(-9) M for MDF1 and 10(-15) to 10(-5) M for MDF2. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NINDS, NIH, LNC, Prot Peptide Sequencing Fac, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A Rm 211 BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)40:3<129::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-B PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 184EC UT WOS:000079596600002 PM 10207992 ER PT J AU Perera, OP Shirk, PD AF Perera, OP Shirk, PD TI cDNA of YP4, a follicular epithelium yolk protein subunit, in the moth, Plodia interpunctella SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oocyte; ovary; reproduction; PCR; 5 ' RACE ID EGG-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; BOMBYX-MORI; VITELLOGENIC FOLLICLES; SILKWORM; GENE; PURIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB YP4, a subunit of the follicular epithelium yolk protein in the moth, Plodia interpunctella, is produced in the follicle cells during vitellogenesis and after secretion is taken up into the oocyte and stored in the yolk spheres for utilization during embryogenesis. In order to identify the cDNA clones for YP4, a degenerate PCR primer was designed to six amino acid residues identified in the NH2-terminal sequence of mature YP4. The YP4 degenerate primer plus T7 reverse PCR primer produced a PCR product from a cDNA library for the majority of the YP4 coding sequence. Combined cDNA and 5' RACE sequencing showed the YP4 transcript to be 991 bp in length with a single open reading frame for a predicted polypeptide of 299 amino acids. Northern analysis showed a single YP4 transcript was present in ovarian RNA that was approximately 1 kb in length. The predicted amino acid sequence for YP4 from P. interpunctella was most closely related to the predicted YP4 protein from the moth, Galleria mellonella, and the spherulin 2a protein from the slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1999)40:3<157::AID-ARCH5>3.0.CO;2-W PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 184EC UT WOS:000079596600005 PM 10207993 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA Lynn, DE AF Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA Lynn, DE TI In vitro rearing of Edovum puttleri, an egg parasitoid of the Colorado potato beetle, on artificial diets: Effects of insect cell line-conditioned medium SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; insect cell line; in vitro culture; Edovum puttleri; parasitoid development ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES BRACONIDAE; GROWTH-FACTORS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FAT-BODY; HOST; HEMOLYMPH; CULTURE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PURIFICATION; COLEOPTERA AB Effects of conditioned media prepared from cell lines derived from 11 insect species (six families, three orders) on the in vitro growth and development of the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri were investigated. The parasitoid exhibited significantly different responses to the various insect cell line-conditioned media that were incorporated into the artificial diets, When cell lines were derived from embryos, higher percentages of 3rd instars and prepupae were observed than when cell lines were derived from fat body or ovaries. Medium conditioned with cell line IPLB-CPB2 derived from the embryos of the Colorado potato beetle produced the best result, Preconditioning time was important, In general, 5 days of preconditioning appeared to be optimal. The growth- and development-promoting effect may have resulted from growth factors or growth-supporting factors produced/released by the insect cell lines into the culture medium. Upon storage at 0-4 degrees C for 7-14 days, the ability of cell line-conditioned medium to promote development beyond the second instar was greatly reduced (approximately 10-55%). Our studies demonstrated that to support the in vitro growth and development of E. puttleri, insect hemolymph could be successfully replaced with insect cell line-conditioned medium, These findings should facilitate the development of a cost-effective mass-rearing system for E. puttleri and/or other parasitoids, Arch. Insect Biochem, Physiol, 40:173-182, 1999, Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, B-306,Rm 316,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 193CT UT WOS:000080118800002 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Smith, TA AF Cheung, AK Smith, TA TI Analysis of the latency-associated transcript UL1-3.5 gene cluster promoter complex of pseudorabies virus - Brief report SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1; TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; TYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN AB During latency, pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNA is preferentially retained in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and a spliced 8.5-kilobase poly-A RNA, designated large latency transcript (LLT), is synthesized. Because LLT is the only transcript made during the latent phase, the LLT promoter may be unique among all other PRV promoters that are active in productive infections. Organization of the PRV LLT promoter is quite complex because it coincides with the UL1-3.5 gene cluster promoter, but in the opposite orientation. By conventional designation, LLT is transcribed in the rightward direction while the UL1-3.5 gene cluster is transcribed in the leftward orientation. In this work, activities of the LLT promoter and the UL1-3.5 gene cluster promoter were investigated by transient reporter gene expression assay in cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origins. There are two TATA boxes in this region. We examined the promoter activities of the first TATA box with its 5' sequence (LAP1) and the second TATA box with its 5' sequence (LAP2). The UL1-3.5 promoter driven constructs gave no reporter gene activity in any of the experiments. Reporter gene activity was detected with LAP2 gene constructs, but not with LAP1 constructs, in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. This is surprising because transcription of PRV LLT in vivo has been attributed to LAP1 and the initiation site was mapped downstream of the LAP1 TATA box and upstream of the LAP2 TATA box. Although LAP1 was not active in these experiments, there was a 3- to 10-fold enhancement of activity when LAP1 and LAP2 were placed in tandem. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Swine Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 VL 144 IS 2 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s007050050511 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 166PU UT WOS:000078586700013 PM 10470261 ER PT J AU Yang, L Yoon, KJ Li, Y Lee, JH Zimmerman, JJ Frey, ML Harmon, KM Platt, KB AF Yang, L Yoon, KJ Li, Y Lee, JH Zimmerman, JJ Frey, ML Harmon, KM Platt, KB TI Antigenic and genetic variations of the 15 kD nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; SYNDROME SIRS VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LELYSTAD-VIRUS; EUROPEAN STRAINS; SWINE INFERTILITY; EPIDEMIC ABORTION; NORTH-AMERICAN; DIFFERENTIATION; VARIABILITY AB The antigenic variability of the 15 kD nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus was characterized with a panel of 24 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the American PRRS virus isolate ISU-P. Five continuous epitopes designated EpORF7-A through E were revealed by the reactivity pattern of these MAbs with 67 American field isolates, two modified-live vaccine viruses, and the European Lelystad virus as determined by the indirect immnofluorescence assay and Western immunoblotting and confirmed by additivity and blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The reactivity pattern of isolates in the IFA permitted their subdivision into 4 American antigenic groups which represented 84.1, 11.6, 2.9 and 1.4% of viruses tested. The antigenic variation among isolates was correlated to single, group specific nucleotide substitutions and mediated by a combination of at least 4 of the 5 epitopes. EpORF7-A was conserved in all American isolates and the Lelystad virus which constituted a separate antigenic group. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies specific for EpORF7-A may prove useful as the antigenic basis for a universal diagnostic test for the PRRS virus. EpORF7-C, D and E were only present in the American isolates tested. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Platt, KB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 VL 144 IS 3 BP 525 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s007050050523 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA 177VU UT WOS:000079232400008 PM 10226618 ER PT J AU Mink, GI Vetten, HJ Wyatt, SD Berger, PH Silbernagel, MJ AF Mink, GI Vetten, HJ Wyatt, SD Berger, PH Silbernagel, MJ TI Three epitopes located on the coat protein amino terminus of viruses in the bean common mosaic potyvirus subgroup SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGUME-INFECTING POTYVIRUSES; PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS; COWPEA; ANTIBODIES; STRAINS AB Twenty-seven of 29 strains of viruses in the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) subgroup of legume-infecting potyviruses reacted strongly with one or more of the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which are known to be specific for epitopes located along the 50 amino acids which constitute the N-terminal end of the viral coat protein. Approximately one half of the virus strains reacted with the N-terminal epitope specific (NTES) MAb 4G12 which is specific for epitope E/B4, while the other half reacted with NTES MAbs 4 Al or 4F9 which are specific for epitope E/B3. All but two strains contained at least one of these epitopes while no strain contained both. Competitive assays using five sequential, nonoverlapping, synthetic, 10mer peptides indicated that the amino acids critical for epitope E/B3 reaction were located at positions 5, 7, and 10 from the N-terminal end of the coat protein. By deduction we postulate that the amino acids critical for epitope E/B4 are located at positions 10, 16, and 17. Because epitope E/B3 requires isoleucine at position 10 for expression whereas epitope E/B4 requires valine to be expressed, no one strain can express both epitopes. Two viruses in our tests (azuki mosaic and Dendrobium mosaic viruses) had deletions in this portion of their sequence explaining their failure to react MAbs specific for either epitope. The critical amino acids for a third epitope, E/B3A, were located at positions 16 and 17. We found no correlation between any of the three N-terninal epitopes defined in this study and the presence or absence of any biological property that we could accurately measure: i.e., symptomatology, host range, or pathotype. However, when coat protein sequences were aligned according to epitope type E/B3 or E/B4, we found that sequences within groups had high levels of identity while between group identities were low. We also found that sequences in the 3'-end non-coding region exhibited similar relationships within and between epitope groups. Two strains of BCMV (NL-4 and RU-1) were found to possess coat protein sequences typical of epitope E/B4 but 3'-NCR sequences typical of epitope E/B3. These data suggest that both strains may be the result of natural recombinants between the two epitope groups. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA USA. Inst Biochem & Plant Virol, Braunschweig, Germany. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA USA. RP Berger, PH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Rm 242,Ag Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 VL 144 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1189 DI 10.1007/s007050050577 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 219LY UT WOS:000081609800010 PM 10446651 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, HD Cutlip, RC AF Lehmkuhl, HD Cutlip, RC TI A new goat adenovirus isolate proposed as the prototype strain for goat adenovirus serotype 1 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BOVINE; VIRUS; SHEEP; DNA AB A virus isolated from the brain of a 3-year-old goat with encephalitis was identified as an adenovirus based on morphological and physicochemical characteristics. Neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis comparing the caprine adenovirus with the prototype ovine and bovine adenovirus serotypes indicated that the caprine isolate was antigenically different and produced a unique restriction pattern and may represent a new adenovirus species. A limited seroepidemiologic study using adult goat and sheep sera collected from around the Unites States indicated that approximately 60 and 80 percent, respectively, had specific antibody for this isolate. C1 ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, HD (reprint author), ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 VL 144 IS 8 BP 1611 EP 1618 DI 10.1007/s007050050614 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 232UH UT WOS:000082388000011 PM 10486114 ER PT J AU Brown, F AF Brown, F TI Foot-and-mouth disease and beyond: vaccine design, past, present and future SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; VIRAL PROTEIN; VIRUS; PEPTIDE; PROTECTION; CATTLE; ACID; RESOLUTION; RESPONSES AB The first experimental vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease were made in 1925 by Vallee, Carre and Rinjard using formaldehyde inactivation of tongue tissue from cattle infected with the virus. This method was essentially unaltered until the late 1940s when the important experiments by Frenkel in Holland showed that the quantities of virus required for vaccine production could be obtained from fragments of tongue epithelium incubated in vitro following infection with the virus. This major step made possible the comprehensive vaccination programmes which followed in Western Europe and which, in turn, resulted in the elimination of the disease from that part of the world by 1989. This spectacular success has led many to question whether other kinds of vaccine are required to control the disease worldwide. Such reservations ignore the danger to the environment associated with the growth of large amounts of virus. This can never be a zero-risk situation. Consequently, a vaccine which is not based on infectious virus as starting material has many attractions from safety considerations alone. In addition, a vaccine based on more fundamental considerations would not only be more aesthetically satisfying but could possibly provide an understanding at the molecular level of antigenic variation, still a problem in the control of the disease. The advances in our knowledge of the structure of the virus and the fragments which elicit a protective immune response now allow us to envisage a vaccine which does not require infectious virus and which protects against the multiple serotypes of the agent. Since antigenic variation is still a major problem in the control of the disease by vaccination, such a product would have important advantages over the current vaccines. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1999 SU 15 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 223DP UT WOS:000081825300014 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Massman, WJ AF Musselman, RC Massman, WJ TI Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE deposition; ozone exposure; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance ID GAS-EXCHANGE; FOREST-CANOPY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; LIGHT ENVIRONMENT; EDDY-CORRELATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; TRACE GASES AB The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is based on occurrences of the maximum 8 h average ambient ozone concentration. However, biologists have recommended a cumulative ozone exposure parameter to protect vegetation. In this paper we propose a third alternative which uses quantifiable flux-based numerical parameters as a replacement for cumulative ambient parameters. Herein we discuss the concept of ozone flux as it relates to plant response and the NAAQS, and document information needed before a flux-based ozone NAAQS for vegetation can be implemented. Additional research is needed in techniques for determining plant uptake and in the quantification of plant defensive mechanisms to ozone. Models which include feedback mechanisms should be developed to relate ozone flux, loading, and detoxification with photosynthesis and plant productivity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bobm@lamar.ColoState.edu NR 70 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 149QT UT WOS:000077617400006 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, GL Yang, WX Andre, CE AF Hutchinson, GL Yang, WX Andre, CE TI Overcoming humidity dependence of the chromium trioxide converter used in luminol-based nitric oxide detection SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE chambers; NO flux; soils; chemiluminescence; biosphere-atmosphere N exchange ID EMISSIONS; SOIL AB The surface-atmosphere exchange of gaseous NOx (NO + NO2) is commonly measured by chamber methods that employ a portable luminol-based NO2 detector. Detection of NO depends on its prior oxidation to NO2 by CrO3 with efficiency that depends on sample relative humidity. We found that inadequate drying of wet chamber air samples, and consequent changes in NO oxidation efficiency, often contributes to observed apparent shifts in the response of commercially available detectors in the field. Our instrument's performance was improved when the water vapor gradient across its membrane dryer was enhanced by replacing the restrictor on the air inlet of the dryer's shell with a desiccant column, and then increasing ambient air flow through the shell to approximately equal the sample air flow rate. We also demonstrated that pumice is the preferred CrO3 support material for luminol-based detection of NO in chamber air samples; advantages include low cost, superior physical properties, and the simplicity of fabricating a CrO3/pumice converter by the user. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hutchinson, GL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 149QT UT WOS:000077617400013 ER PT J AU Fravel, D AF Fravel, D TI Hurdles and bottlenecks on the road to biocontrol of plant pathogens SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TALAROMYCES-FLAVUS AB Despite the progress in biocontrol research that has placed about 40 commercially available biocontrol products on the shelf, many hurdles to the wide adoption of biocontrol remain. Biocontrol works well under conditions of low biological diversity, such as in soil-less potting mix, but is more difficult to demonstrate in the field, and biocontrol is often less consistent than chemical control. Is biocontrol not working, or is it our inability to deliver and establish the biocontrol organism in the appropriate physiological state, in the right place at the right time? A greater understanding of the ecology of the organisms involved, as well as the epidemiology of the system, will help us to develop ecologically rational approaches to disease management. More efficient and effective ways of growing and formulating biocontrol organisms are needed in many cases in order to make biocontrol economically viable. Research on safety and environmental fate of biocontrol agents is lacking in some cases. Trends that may encourage more research into biocontrol of plant diseases include the increased public interest in 'organic' foods, the public's concern over non-target effects of chemical pesticides in the environment, and the loss of many chemical pesticides,or uses of those pesticides, from the market. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0815-3191 EI 1448-6032 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1071/AP99007 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171MJ UT WOS:000078867400009 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA TI Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration at night on the growth and gas exchange of selected C-4 species SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; carbon dioxide; C-4 plants; Amaranthus retroflexus; respiration ID PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; CO2 ENRICHMENT; DARK RESPIRATION; GRACILIS C-4; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; LEAVES; PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; IRRADIANCE AB Biomass of certain C-4 species is increased when plants are grown at elevated CO2 concentrations. Experiments using four C-4 species (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L.) exposed both day and night from sowing to carbon dioxide concentrations of 370 (ambient) or 700 mu mol mol(-1) (elevated) or to 370 mu mol mol(-1) during the day and 700 mu mol mol(-1) at night, determined whether any biomass increase at elevated CO2 concentrations was related to a reduction in the night-time rate of CO2 efflux at high night-time CO2 concentrations. Of the four species tested, only A. retroflexus significantly increased both CO2 assimilation (+13%) and plant biomass (+21%) at continuous elevated relative to continuous ambient concentrations of CO2. This increase was not associated with improvement in leaf water potential during dark or light periods. In contrast, high CO2 only during the night significantly reduced plant biomass compared to the 24 h ambient CO2 treatment for both A. retroflexus and Z. mays. This indicates that the observed increase in biomass at elevated CO2 for A. retroflexus was not caused by a reduction of carbon loss at night (i.e. increased carbon conservation), but rather a direct stimulation of daytime CO2 assimilation, independent of any improvement in leaf water potential. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 177HH UT WOS:000079204200009 ER PT J AU Duan, YJ Souriau, A Mahe, AM Trap, D Andersen, AA Rodolakis, A AF Duan, YJ Souriau, A Mahe, AM Trap, D Andersen, AA Rodolakis, A TI Serotyping of chlamydial clinical isolates from birds with monoclonal antibodies SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia psittaci; avian strains; serotyping; monoclonal antibodies ID MICROIMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; PSITTACI; STRAINS; ORIGIN; CELLS AB Forty-nine avian chlamydial strains, isolated mainly from various regions in France and from different species of birds, were analyzed and tested with a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by the indirect microimmunofluorescence rest (MIF). The MAbs included five serovar-specific MAbs, three MAbs raised against Chalmydia psittaci and Chlamydia pecorum ovine strains, and one genus-specific MAb. Of the 49 isolates, 41 came from parrots or budgerigars; the rest were from pigeons, a canary, a duck, and a dove. Two additional strains were from unknown hosts. Most of these avian strains were successfully serotyped according to their reactions with five serovar-specific MAbs by the MIF test. The serovars of 44 strains were determined: 39 were of serovar A, 3 of serovar B, and 2 of serovar E. The remaining five isolates were unclassified because they did not react with any of five serovar-specific MAbs but did react with genus MAb or the MAbs produced with ovine strains. The five unclassified isolates (two from budgerigars, two from Gabon gray parrots, and one from a duck) indicate that one or more additional serovars of C. psittaci exist in birds. The heterogeneity within each subgroup was evident because the 49 avian isolates gave 10 subgroups when the results of the five serovar-specific MAbs were combined with results from the three MAbs produced with ovine strains. This heterogeneity of the serovar isolates, as shown by the combination of MAbs, could provide strain markers very useful for epidemiologic studies. C1 INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Lab, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. CNEVA, Lab Cent Rech Vet, F-94703 Maisons Alfort, France. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Duan, YJ (reprint author), INRA, Pathol Infect & Immunol Lab, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.2307/1592758 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 225VZ UT WOS:000081987800004 PM 10216756 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA DeLoach, JR Corrier, DE Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH AF Byrd, JA DeLoach, JR Corrier, DE Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH TI Evaluation of salmonella serotype distributions from commercial broiler hatcheries and grower houses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broilers; environment; hatcheries; poultry houses; Salmonella ID ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4; CONTAMINATION; POULTRY; CHICKS; CARCASSES; EGGS; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTIONS; FLOCKS AB By conventional trayliner (hatcheries) and drag swab assembly (broiler houses) culture methods, the isolation distribution of Salmonella serotypes from five commercial broiler hatcheries (three sample times) and 13 broiler farms (eight. sample times) was evaluated. A total of 11 different Salmonella serotypes were isolated from hatcheries, with Salmonella heidelberg (9/30) and Salmonella kentucky (6/30) accounting for 50% of the total isolations. Of 700 chick paperpad trayliners sampled, regardless of lot (breeder flock source) or hatchery, 12% were positive for Salmonella. When 10 individual trayliners were cultured from individual lots (same breeder flock source), Salmonella was detected in 24/57 lots (42%). Multiple serotypes were simultaneously isolated from the same lot on three occasions (6%). Of the 21 lots that were serially sampled, the Salmonella serotype detected was different within lots eight times (38%) on at least one occasion of two or more sampling times. Of the 196 individual broiler houses sampled, 44 were positive for Salmonella (42%). Twelve different serotypes were isolated from broiler houses during this study. The serotypes isolated most frequently were S. heidelberg (34/94) and S. kentucky (22/94). These two serotypes accounted for 59.6% (56/94) of the total broiler house isolations. Of the 38 houses that were serially sampled, two or more serotypes were detected in the same broiler house on 20 occasions (53%). Of the 38 serially sampled houses (four or more times), a consistent Salmonella serotype was detected in five houses (13%). In only 5 of the 38 (13%) serially sampled houses did we fail to detect Salmonella on four or more samplings. No significant difference in Salmonella isolation frequency was observed between poultry houses using new or used litter. These data support previous findings indicating that paratyphoid Salmonella serotypes are prevalent in some broiler hatcheries and houses. Further, the observation of multiple serotypes simultaneously and serially isolated from the same breeder hatchery lots suggests that breeder flocks may be infected with more than one serotype, possibly providing a source for multiple serotype infections in progeny grower flocks. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Route 5,2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.2307/1592760 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 225VZ UT WOS:000081987800006 PM 10216758 ER PT J AU Augustine, PC Danforth, HD AF Augustine, PC Danforth, HD TI Influence of betaine and salinomycin on intestinal absorption of methionine and glucose and, on the ultrastructure of intestinal cells and parasite developmental stages in chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE BETAINE; OSMOTIC-STRESS; IN-VITRO; TENELLA AB The effect of betaine and salinomycin on absorption of methionine and glucose in tissue from the duodenal loops of Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks was determined. Differences in the ultrastructure of the intestinal cells and parasite developmental stages were also examined. With a drug-resistant isolate off. acervulina, methionine absorption was significantly higher in chicks fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.15% betaine as compared with absorption in chicks fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Addition of 66 ppm salinomycin to the diet containing betaine did not further enhance absorption. Conversely, with a drug-sensitive isolate, methionine absorption was significantly higher in chicks fed a diet supplemented with both betaine and salinomycin than in chicks fed the unsupplemented basal diet. Tissue from chicks fed any of the supplemented diets was usually significantly heavier than that from chicks fed the unsupplemented diet, even when weight gains of the birds were similar. Glucose absorption was similar in all diet groups. Epithelial cells in coccidia-infected and uninfected chicks fed diets supplemented with betaine or betaine plus salinomycin were less electron dense than cells from chicks fed diets that were not supplemented with betaine. Merozoites of E. acervulina in chicks fed diets supplemented with salinomycin had extensive membrane disruption and vacuolization, bur the damage was prevented when betaine was added to the diet. Numerous merozoites and intact schizonts were seen in the intestinal lumen of chicks fed the diet containing betaine plus salinomycin. C1 USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Augustine, PC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.2307/1592766 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 225VZ UT WOS:000081987800012 PM 10216764 ER PT J AU Erickson, EH AF Erickson, EH TI Territoriality and the Africanized honey bee SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Article AB Unlike domesticated European honey bees, Africanized honey bee (AHB) colonies can be extremely defensive. Extremely defensive colonies appear to practice territorial defence wherein members of the colony aggressively patrol and defend territories that extend well beyond the nest entrance. These territories expand and contract in response to frequency of disturbance. Organisms that employ aggression in their defence of territory normally employ a dramatic signalling behaviour designed to repulse intruders, If successful, fighting is avoided. Perhaps the most dramatic signalling behaviour employed by highly defensive AHB to maintain their territory is 'head butting'. Since butting is an easily recognized element of the repertoire of highly defensive honey bee colonies, anyone encountering bees engaged in butting should recognize the behaviour as a warning that they have entered the territory of a highly defensive colony and quickly retreat to avoid further harm. C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Erickson, EH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1999 VL 80 IS 3 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 263NH UT WOS:000084130400003 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Bosch, J Kemp, WP TI Exceptional cherry production in an orchard pollinated with blue orchard bees SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Article ID LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA CRESSON; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; MEGACHILIDAE; HYMENOPTERA AB Poor pollination is a common cause of low fruit set in cherry orchards, and a high population of pollinators is therefore required. Osmic lignaria, the blue orchard bee, has been used successfully in Utah as an alternative to honey bees. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1999 VL 80 IS 4 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 301FC UT WOS:000086297700002 ER PT J AU Byrd, DW McArthur, ED Wang, H Graham, JH Freeman, DC AF Byrd, DW McArthur, ED Wang, H Graham, JH Freeman, DC TI Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae). VIII. Spatial and temporal pattern of terpenes SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE terpene; hybrid zone; sagebrush; cline ID NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; LOUISIANA IRISES; INTROGRESSION; SPECIATION; SELECTION AB Parental and hybrid populations of big sagebrush in Salt Creek Canyon, Utah, show clinal variation in terpene composition across a hybrid zone. Terpenes differ between seasons, subspecies (including hybrids), individual plants, and leaves from vegetative branches and inflorescences on the same plant. While hybrids were intermediate for most common terpenes, several terpenes produced by both parental taxa were not produced by hybrids. Furthermore, hybrids produced novel terpenes. The clinal variation of terpenes is highly correlated with both morphological variation and edaphic gradients. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA USA. RP Freeman, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RI Wang, Han/A-9774-2008 OI Wang, Han/0000-0003-2420-3147 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00064-7 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 145YU UT WOS:000077400600002 ER PT J AU Jones, WA Greenberg, SM Legaspi, B AF Jones, WA Greenberg, SM Legaspi, B TI The effect of varying Bemisia argentifolii and Eretmocerus mundus ratios on parasitism SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological parameters; functional response; host-parasitoid ratios; mutual interference ID TRICHOGRAMMA-EVANESCENS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SEX ALLOCATION; HYMENOPTERA; HOST; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; TABACI; WASP; APHELINIDAE AB We investigated the effects of different host: parasitoid ratios on the efficacy of the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus attacking the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii. When host density was held constant (100 second instars) and parasitoid density was decreased from 15 to 1 females, the percentage of total host mortality was significantly lower at low parasitoid densities. The number of host nymphs killed, and the number of female parasitoid progeny per female, increased 3.6 and 20.4 times, respectively. The emergence rate, sex ratio, longevity, and body lengths of progeny were significantly larger at the lowest parasitoid density while developmental time was significantly shorter. When the number of hosts was increased from 5 to 250 and parasitoid density was held constant (5 females), the percentage of nymphal mortality decreased 1.6 times. The percentage of desiccated nymphs was significantly highest (65.7%) at the lowest host density, while percentage parasitism (34.3%) was significantly lowest at the lowest host density. The data could be described using a Type I functional response curve. We propose a generalized index of efficacy (GIE) to summarize and compare the total effects of parasitoid-host ratios. This index showed that the most efficient ratio was one parasitoid female per ten second instar host nymphs. C1 ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jones, WA (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1009992421012 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 230VG UT WOS:000082271600002 ER PT J AU Ferkovich, SM Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Oberlander, H Carpenter, JE Greany, P AF Ferkovich, SM Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Oberlander, H Carpenter, JE Greany, P TI Rearing of ectoparasitoid Diapetimorpha introita on an artificial diet: supplementation with insect cell line-derived factors SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; parasitoid; Spodoptera ID PROTEIN-PRODUCTION; HYMENOPTERA; HOST; ICHNEUMONIDAE; CULTURE; PARASITOIDS; HEMOLYMPH; MEDIA AB We investigated the use of two insect cell lines to improve an artificial diet (DI) for the pupal ectoparasitoid Diapetimorpha introita. DI was supplemented with Grace's culture medium conditioned with IPL-LdFB, a cell line derived from fat body of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (FBCell diet), and with Grace's medium conditioned with Sf9, a cell line derived from ovaries of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9Cell diet). The diets were also chemically analyzed for nutrients and any deficiencies were filled by the addition of nutrients. One-half ml aliquots of each diet were encapsulated in paraffin domes and newly hatched larvae of D. introita were placed on each diet (one larva/dome) and allowed to develop to the adult stage. Providing fresh diet on day four when the larvae were in the third instar did not improve parasitoid production. Compared with DI, only Sf9Cell had a positive effect on the parasitoid's growth, increasing the size of male parasitoids. The parasitoids, however, took longer to develop to the adult stage than those reared on the natural host. Neither cell line significantly enhanced the average weight of female parasitoids, shortened developmental time, nor increased % cocoons produced and % adult emergence. Providing additional nutrients (amino acids, vitamins, cations and anions, fatty acids and milk/egg protein) to both diets (based on chemical analyses of the cell line-supplemented diets) enhanced the average weight of the females on Sf9Cell and males and females on FBCell. The nutritional additions, however, did not improve the developmental time, pupation and adult emergence. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ferkovich, SM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1009939028766 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 230VG UT WOS:000082271600003 ER PT J AU Puterka, GJ AF Puterka, GJ TI Fungal pathogens for arthropod pest control in orchard systems: mycoinsecticidal approach for pear psylla control SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE fungal entomopathogens; mycoinsecticide; orchard pests ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; CURCULIONIDAE; SUPPRESSION; RESISTANCE; FUNGICIDES; COLEOPTERA; HOMOPTERA; PYRICOLA AB This paper reviews the research on entomopathogenic fungi in orchard systems and presents research on a mycoinsecticidal approach to an important pest of pear, the pear psylla. The review identifies the host-pathogen relationships that have been examined to date, the microbial formulation and application strategies that have been used, and the results that were obtained. The mycoinsecticides used in the pear psylla research were based on conidia of Beauveria bassiana (ARSEF #2860) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (ARSEF #2658). These were formulated into sprayable solutions containing water, 0.1% or 0.5% Ultrafine Sunspray oil (paraffinic oil) in water, or 0.1% acrylic polymer (Stressguard(TM) in water. Final spray solutions that contained 6 x 10(6) conidiospores/ml were applied to psylla nymph infested trees at a rate of 5.39 x 10(13) conidiospores/ha during the 1993-1995 seasons. In addition, two commercial formulations of B. bassiana, GHA from Mycotech and Naturalis L from Fermone Corp., were mixed in water at the same conidiospore application rates as the other fungal isolates. Single applications of the ARSEF fungal strain/formulation combinations produced psylla nymphal mortalities that ranged from 18.2-37.1%, but the results varied with formulation. Conidia formulated with acrylic polymers in water caused significantly higher mortalities several days earlier than either the water or water and oil combination in 1993. However, no significant differences among pathogen/formulation combinations occurred in 1994 or 1995. The performance of Naturalis L was comparable to the ARSEF fungal strain/formulation combinations with peak nymphal mortalities of 34.1%, while GHA produced a significantly lower peak mortality of only 10.8%. However, because of the low conidiospore concentrations in the Naturalis L formulation, final spray solutions contained nearly 25% of the oil-like carrier. Thus, psylla mortalities may not have been entirely attributed to mycosis. Based on the results from the ARSEF fungal formulations, a mycoinsecticidal approach to pear psylla management could be a useful component in an integrated pest management program for pear. C1 ARS, USDA, Apalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Puterka, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Apalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 183 EP 210 DI 10.1023/A:1009901421557 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 248JZ UT WOS:000083272500005 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, WH TI Host preferences of introduced and native parasites (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) of phytophagous plant bugs (Hemiptera : Miridae) in alfalfa-grass fields in the northeastern USA SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Adelphocoris; biocontrol; Leptopterna; Lygus spp.; Peristenus spp.; Trigonotylus ID PERISTENUS-DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; ACRIDIDAE; DIPTERA; INSECTS; AGENTS; RANGE AB During an eight-year field study at two widely-separated locations (NJ & DE, USA), seven species of phytophagous mirid plant bugs were found in alfalfa and alfalfa-grass fields grown for animal forage. Five species of parasites were reared from these mirids. Two parasite species introduced from Europe killed significantly higher proportions of nymphs of the two important mirid pests of alfalfa than did native parasites. The introduced Peristenus digoneutis Loan parasitized an average of 31% of first and second generation tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris, a native insect; and the introduced Peristenus conradi parasitized 22% of first generation alfalfa plant bugs, Adelphocoris lineolatus, an introduced species. In addition, Peristenus pallipes significantly parasitized nymphs of Trigonotylus caelestialium (43%) and Leptopterna dolabrata (37%); both mirids are immigrant species. Because the parasite P. pallipes significantly attacked only these two non-native mirids, and is present in Europe, it also may be an accidental introduction to North America. A native wasp, Leiophron uniformis, heavily parasitized (49%) the native garden fleahopper, Halticus bractatus. A third native species, P. pseudopallipes, occasionally parasitized a few Lygus lineolaris in alfalfa at one location. Two other mirids, Stenotus binotatus and Megaloceroea recticornis, both accidently-introduced grass-feeding species, were not parasitized by native or introduced species. It is noteworthy that the effective host ranges of all the parasites in alfalfa-grass fields were limited: four of the five parasite species significantly parasitized only one of the seven mirid species, and the other parasite significantly parasitized only two mirids. Activity of the four common parasites was correlated with the mirids' host plant: three species principally parasitized alfalfa-feeding mirids, and one species principally parasitized grass-feeding mirids. C1 USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1023/A:1009988602017 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 274BQ UT WOS:000084744200001 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Mornhinweg, DW Huzurbazar, S AF Brewer, MJ Mornhinweg, DW Huzurbazar, S TI Compatibility of insect management strategies: Diuraphis noxia abundance on susceptible and resistant barley in the presence of parasitoids SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphelinus spp; Diaeretiella rapae; Hordeum vulgare; plant resistance; Russian wheat aphid; tritrophic interaction ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE HYMENOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; HOMOPTERA; COLORADO; APHELINIDAE; BRACONIDAE; RECOVERY; PLANTS; IMPACT AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, and parasitoid abundance was monitored on field-grown barley, Hordeum vulgare L., varying in D. noxia susceptibility, to address the applicability of previous laboratory assessments of barley seedling resistance and parasitoid compatibility. Study sites were representative of the barley production region of the High Plains in the western USA, where D. noxia and its parasitoids occur. D. noxia abundance on resistant barley lines, characterized as partially tolerant and antibiotic to the aphid, was lower than on more susceptible lines. Parasitism by Diaeretiella rapae, Aphelinus albipodus, and A. asychis differed in seasonal occurrence and abundance. D. rapae mummies occurred sooner than aphelinid mummies, and there were larger increases in aphelinid mummies than in D. rapae mummies during seed head development. But in regard to plant resistance, parasitoid abundance, relative to D. noxia abundance, was similar on resistant and susceptible barley lines. Based on the susceptibility of commercial barley to D. noxia, the seasonal abundance of D. noxia and its parasitoids, and the compatibility of resistant barley and D. noxia parasitoids, the use of resistant barley in areas of parasitoid establishment is justified. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Entomol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Entomol Program, POB 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PY 1999 VL 43 IS 4 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1023/A:1009929301953 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 209ZX UT WOS:000081081600006 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Edwards, JH Gilliam, CH Behe, BK AF Smith, DR Edwards, JH Gilliam, CH Behe, BK TI What kinds of organic mulches do buyers want? SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 158XF UT WOS:000078142200025 ER PT B AU Lugo, AE Brown, S AF Lugo, AE Brown, S BE Yocum, C Lugo, AE TI Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Concepts, assessment, management, and monitoring at the landscape scale SO BIODIVERSITY IN THE CARIBBEAN: MANAGEMENT AND BENEFITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the Caribbean Foresters CY JUN 01-05, 1998 CL DOMINICAN REP C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, IITF, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, IITF, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE INT INST TROPICAL FORESTRY PI RIO PIEDRAS PA RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00000 USA PY 1999 BP 92 EP 98 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ54A UT WOS:000088695500014 ER PT B AU Wunderle, JM AF Wunderle, JM BE Yocum, C Lugo, AE TI Conservation of Caribbean wildlife diversity: The role of agroforestry plantations SO BIODIVERSITY IN THE CARIBBEAN: MANAGEMENT AND BENEFITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the Caribbean Foresters CY JUN 01-05, 1998 CL DOMINICAN REP C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, IITF, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, IITF, POB 490, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE INT INST TROPICAL FORESTRY PI RIO PIEDRAS PA RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00000 USA PY 1999 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ54A UT WOS:000088695500017 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Davis, CD AF Finley, JW Davis, CD TI Manganese deficiency and toxicity: Are high or low dietary amounts of manganese cause for concern? SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; GUT ENDOGENOUS LOSSES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BASAL GANGLIA; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE; IRON-ABSORPTION; NONHEME IRON; RATS; CELLS AB Manganese is an essential trace element that is required for the activity of several enzymes. Manganese is also quite toxic when ingested in large amounts, such as the inhalation of Mn-laden dust by miners. This review examines Mn intake by way of the food supply and poses the question: Is there reason to be concerned with Mn toxicity or deficiency in free-living populations in North America? Although much remains to be learned of the Functions of Mn, at present there are only a few vaguely described cases of Mn deficiency in the medical literature. Given the heterogeneity of the North American food supply, it is difficult to see the possibility of more than greatly isolated and unique instances of Mn deficiency. However, low Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity may be associated with cancer susceptibility, and deserves further study. There may be reasons, however, to be concerned about Mn toxicity under some very specialized conditions. Increasing numbers of young people are adopting a vegetarian lifestyle which may greatly increase Mn intake. Iron deficiency may increase Mn absorption and further increase the body-burden of Mn, especially in,vegetarians. Mn is eliminated primarily through the bile, and hepatic dysfunction could depress Mn excretion and further contribute to the body burden. Would such a combination of events predispose substantial numbers of people to chronic Mn toxicity? At present, there is no definite proof of this occurring, but given the state of knowledge at the present time, more studies with longer time-frames and more sensitive methods of analysis are needed. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 98 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 284LL UT WOS:000085333800002 PM 10475586 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT AF Johnson, WT TI Copper and signal transduction: Platelets as a model to determine the role of copper in stimulus-response coupling SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; DENSE GRANULE SECRETION; GTP-BINDING PROTEIN; RAT PLATELETS; DIETARY COPPER; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; DEFICIENT RATS; THROMBIN; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Platelets from copper-deficient rats have been used as a model to investigate the role of copper in receptor-mediated cellular responses. Copper deficiency doubles the rate of dense granule secretion and increases myosin association with the platelet cytoskeleton following thrombin stimulation. Mechanisms underlying the effects of copper deficiency on thrombin-induced signals that elicit dense granule secretion involve suppression of protein kinase C activity and impairment of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Copper deficiency also reduces the cellular GTP content of platelets. This may limit receptor effector coupling through GTP-dependent regulatory proteins leading to protein kinase C activation and the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The reduction in GTP content during copper deficiency results from its utilization to maintain cellular ATP levels in response to severely inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity in platelet mitochondria. Thus, the role of copper in maintaining normal signal transduction may be indirectly related to its biological function in mitochondria. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 284LL UT WOS:000085333800006 PM 10475590 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Percival, SS Saari, JT Miller, FN AF Schuschke, DA Percival, SS Saari, JT Miller, FN TI Relationship between dietary copper concentration and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the microcirculation of rats SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE acetylcholine; copper; microcirculation; super oxide dismutase; vasodilation ID DEFICIENCY; RELAXATION; AORTA AB Dietary copper deficiency has been shown to significantly reduce acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation. The current study was designed to examine the relative relationship between dietary copper and the vasodilator response to Ach in the microcirculation of the rat. Male weanling rats were fed a purified basal diet supplemented with 6.0, 3.0, 1.5 or 0.0 mu g Cu/g diet for 4 weeks to provide an adequate, two marginal, and deficient intakes of dietary copper. Arteriole dilation in response to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) was measured in the in vivo cremaster muscle microcirculation for each dietary group. Liver copper and both aortic and erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD activity were used as indices of systemic copper status. Dilation to the increasing concentrations of Ach was only different in the 0 mu g Cu supplemented group compared to the copper-adequate control values. However, the combined results showed an exponential increase in 10(-5) M Ach-induced vasodilation as liver copper concentration increases from 0 mu g Cu/g dry wt. This relationship suggests that dilation is attenuated at liver Cu concentrations below 5 mu g/g dry wt. The results indicate that Ach-induced vasodilation is copper-dependent but that the pathway is not very sensitive to short-term marginal restriction of copper intake. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Ctr Appl Microcirculatory Res, Hlth Sci Ctr A1111, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Ctr Appl Microcirculatory Res, Hlth Sci Ctr A1111, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 284LN UT WOS:000085334000002 PM 10619699 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Schuschke, DA AF Saari, JT Schuschke, DA TI Cardiovascular effects of dietary copper deficiency SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Review ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; RATS FED FRUCTOSE; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; LYSYL OXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Dietary copper deficiency may impair cardiovascular health by contributing to high blood pressure, enhancement of inflammation, anemia, reduced blood clotting and arteriosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to compile information on the numerous changes of the heart, blood and blood vessels that may contribute to these cardiovascular defects. These alterations include weakened structural integrity of the heart and blood vessels, impairment of the use of energy by the heart, reduced ability of the heart to contract, altered ability of blood vessels to control their diameter and to grow, and altered structure and function of circulating blood cells. The fundamental causes of these changes rest largely on reduced effectiveness of enzymes that depend on copper for their activity. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Appl Microcirculatory Res, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Saari, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jsaari@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 168 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4 BP 359 EP 375 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 284LN UT WOS:000085334000006 PM 10619703 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Ortiz, P Gordon, SH Greene, RV Imam, SH Bard, RF Tosteson, TR AF Alvarez-Ortiz, P Gordon, SH Greene, RV Imam, SH Bard, RF Tosteson, TR TI Marine microbial aggregating macromolecules: Potential mediators of coastal carbon flux SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE microbes; flocculants; macromolecules; particulates; sediments ID SURFACE INTERACTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPECIFICITY; ADHESION; SEAWATER; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; WATER; OCEAN AB Microbial aggregation-adhesion enhancing macromolecules (AAEM) in high molecular weight materials (HMWM) recovered from coastal seawater, suspended particulates and sediments were isolated using immunoaffinity chromatography. The quantity of AAEM recovered was an order of magnitude higher in suspended particulates compared to seawater and sediments. However, the AAEM/HMWM ratio remained constant in samples from all three sources. The fulvic acid component of suspended particulates had 91% of the AAEM, compared to 59% in the sediments. This change in AAEM distribution was directly correlated with decreased amounts of the predominant AAEM molecular size present in the sediment samples. Spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses revealed that the reduction in the relative quantities of fulvic acid AAEM in the sediment was most likely due to oxidative degradation of these residues. While significant adhesion enhancement activity was detected in both fulvic and humic acid AAEM fractions in sediments, the fulvic acid AAEM was significantly more active than the humic acid component. Fulvic and humic acid AAEM activity was strongly conserved in sediments despite reductions in quantity and oxidative degradation, indicating that these materials may play an important role in microbial organic carbon flux in this tropical coastal marine environment. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Struct Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Biopolymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, UPR Marine Stn, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 197 EP 211 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 214RC UT WOS:000081340500002 ER PT J AU Corre, MD Pennock, DJ Van Kessel, C Elliott, DK AF Corre, MD Pennock, DJ Van Kessel, C Elliott, DK TI Estimation of annual nitrous oxide emissions from a transitional grassland-forest region in Saskatchewan, Canada SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GIS database; landscape scale; nitrous oxide; regional scale ID HUMMOCKY TERRAIN; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; FLUXES; CARBON; SOILS; MODEL AB The increasing atmospheric N(2)O concentration and the imbalance in its global budget have triggered the interest in quantifying N(2)O fluxes from various ecosystems. This study was conducted to estimate the annual N(2)O emissions from a transitional grassland-forest region in Saskatchewan, Canada. The study region was stratified according to soil texture and land use types, and we selected seven landscapes (sites) to cover the range of soil texture and land use characteristics in the region. The study sites were, in turn, stratified into distinguishable spatial sampling units (i.e., footslope and shoulder complexes), which reflected the differences in soils and soil moisture regimes within a landscape. N(2)O emission was measured using a sealed chamber method. Our results showed that water-tilled pore space (WFPS) was the variable most correlated to N(2)O fluxes. With this finding, we estimated the total N(2)O emissions by using regression equations that relate WFPS to N(2)O emission, and linking these regression equations with a soil moisture model for predicting WFPS. The average annual fluxes from fertilized cropland, pasture/hay land and forest areas were 2.00, 0.04, and 0.02 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The average annual duxes for the medium- to fine-textured and sandy-textured areas were 1.40 and 0.04 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively. The weighted-average annual flux for the study region is 0.95 kg N(2)O-N ha(-1) yr(-1). The fertilized cropped areas covered only 47% of the regional area but contributed about 98% of the regional flux. We found that in the clay loam, cropped site, 2% and 3% of the applied fertilizer were emitted as N(2)O on the shoulders and footslopes, respectively. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Corre, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Curtain Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdc7@psu.edu NR 34 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 29 EP 49 DI 10.1007/BF00992997 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168UK UT WOS:000078711400002 ER PT B AU Clark, RB Zeto, SK Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD AF Clark, RB Zeto, SK Baligar, VC Ritchey, KD BE Sajwan, KS Alva, AK Keefer, RF TI Nickel, lead, cadmium, and chromium concentrations in shoots of maize grown in acidic soil amended with coal combustion byproducts SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL AND COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIV CALIF AB Large quantities of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) are produced when power plants bunt coal to generate electricity. The CCBs are disposed, usually in landfills, unless used beneficially. One beneficial use of CCBs could be application to agricultural/pasture/forest land. However, concerns exist for trace metal accumulation in plants when CCBs are applied to soil. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr in shoots of maize (Zea mays L.) grown (greenhouse) in acidic soil (Umbric Dystrochrept, pH(Ca) = 3.9) amended with 15 CCBs at different levels are provided. The CCBs used were two fly ashes (FAs), three fluidized bed combustion (FBC) by-products, one Ca oxide (CaO) material, six high sulfite (CaSO3) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products, and three high sulfate (CaSO4) FGD by-products. Chemical grade CaSO3, CaSO4, and CaCO3 (lime) at different levels were also included in experiments. Because of the large number of materials tested and the various levels for each material tested, several experiments were conducted over time and each experiment had unamended and limed (different levels) soil. Mean shoot concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr in maize varied considerably depending on the CCB used to amend soil. Overall mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr ill shoots of young maize were 1.47 for Ni, 1.38 for Pb, 0.32 for Cd, and 0.50 for Cr in mgkg(-1), and were not above those considered normal for plant tissue. Loading in soil might be of concern if CCBs are continually added to the same soil over long periods of time. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46288-5 PY 1999 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BQ66Z UT WOS:000089140600016 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Webb, RE AF Hajek, AE Webb, RE TI Inoculative augmentation of the fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga as a homeowner tactic to control gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE microbial control; inoculative augmentation; fungal entomopathogen; Entomophaga maimaiga; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; epizootiology ID POPULATIONS; EPIZOOTICS; LARVAE; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; PATHOGEN; DISPAR AB Resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga were introduced to four treatment plots on the eastern shore of Maryland in 1995 and 1996 to augment the naturally occurring fungal population. Efforts were focused on small. woodlots, characteristic of homeowner properties, where the most intensive management of gypsy moth populations is often practiced. To evaluate results, larvae were sampled from the understory vegetation, under burlap bands, and in the tree canopy. Survival of fifth and sixth-stage gypsy moth larvae was always lower in treatment versus control plots although differences were statistically significant on only four of twelve sampling dates (P < 0.05). Infection by E. maimaiga was always greater in treatment than in control plots, but due to high variability among plots, these differences were not significant, During 1995, severe defoliation occurred in only one control plot, and numbers of fifth instars were positively associated with the defoliation level. During 1996, no defoliation occurred in any plot because the gypsy moth population collapsed throughout the area. This is the first study sampling gypsy moth larvae throughout the tree canopy to compare the relative distribution of larvae infected by E. maimaiga and the Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV), Third through fifth- and sixth-stage gypsy moth larvae infected with E. maimaiga were more abundant in the understory vegetation than in the tree canopy. Larvae infected by LdNPV demonstrated a trend later in the season toward increased occurrence in the tree canopy than in the understory vegetation, although results were not significant. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Insect Biol Control Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0667 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 150CQ UT WOS:000077645700003 ER PT J AU Bischoff, DS Slavicek, JM AF Bischoff, DS Slavicek, JM TI Impact of deletion of the Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus PEP gene on viral potency: Expression of the green fluorescent protein prevents larval liquefaction SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus; Lymantria dispar; gypsy moth; polyhedral envelope protein ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; STABILITY; REGION AB The Lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is an effective biological control agent of the gypsy moth, L. dispar, but is not in general use because the high cost of production limits availability. In an effort to generate a more cost efficient LdMNPV biopesticide, two recombinant baculoviruses were generated to evaluate the impact of deleting the polyhedral envelope protein (PEP) gene on viral potency. One of these baculoviruses had the PEP gene inactivated by insertional mutagenesis with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from Aequorea victoria (vGFP: PEP-); and the other contained a partial deletion of the PEP gene from the LdMNPV viral genome (vPEP-), Both recombinant baculoviruses produced polyhedra that were lacking a polyhedral envelope and displayed an unusually pitted surface as analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Polyhedra produced by vGFP:PEP- were considerably smaller than those produced by vPEP- or wild-type virus. Although vPEP- and vGFP:PEP- polyhedra exhibited abnormal phenotypes, bioassay results indicated that there was no significant difference in the potency of these polyhedral envelope-lacking polyhedra in comparison to wildtype polyhedra, In addition, expression of GFP prevented virus-induced larval liquefaction upon death, and the deletion of PEP prevented lysis of infected cells in culture. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bischoff, DS (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Med, AgriVax Inc, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0668 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 150CQ UT WOS:000077645700008 ER PT B AU Charlet, LD AF Charlet, LD BE Charlet, LD Brewer, GJ TI Biological control of sunflower pests: Searching for parasitoids in native Helianthus - Challenges, constraints, and potential SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF NATIVE OR INDIGENOUS INSECT PESTS: CHALLENGES, CONSTRAINTS AND POTENTIAL SE THOMAS SAY PUBLICATIONS IN ENTOMOLOGY : PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the North Central Branch of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY MAR 24-27, 1996 CL OMAHA, NE SP Etomol Soc Amer, N Cent Branch ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS; WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; SMICRONYX-FULVUS; CURCULIONIDAE; COCHYLIDAE; BIONOMICS; DAKOTA AB Sunflower is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Cultivated sunflower is derived from the common annual sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., a species native to North America and one of 49 described species of Helianthus. Numerous insect species are associated with sunflower, but few are serious pests. Many potential pest species are held in check by natural enemies that coevolved with them in native sunflowers. Insect species of major concern to cultivated sunflower in the Great Plains are banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Waslingham; the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.); the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte); the sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagne; the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte; and the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst). Natural enemies have been reported for these pests, but their efficacy in providing control in many years is inadequate to maintain populations below economic injury levels. Further work is needed to explore the parasitoid fauna in the sunflower agroecosystem and in different native sunflower species, and to develop methods to conserve existing parasitoids, augment species present, or introduce additional natural enemies to reduce economic losses in the sunflower crop. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Charlet, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS ROAD, SUITE 300, LANHAM, MD 20706-3115 USA BN 0-938522-83-3 J9 THOM SAY P PY 1999 BP 91 EP 112 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BR25R UT WOS:000165949800007 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Sobhy, HM AF Whitford, WG Sobhy, HM TI Effects of repeated drought on soil microarthropod communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE desert; drought; Larrea tridentata; soil microarthropods; Prosopis glandulosa ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; PATTERNS; CREOSOTEBUSH; ECOSYSTEMS; NEMATODES; NITROGEN; STEMFLOW; ROOTS; UTAH AB Soil microarthropods were sampled in plots centered on creosotebushes (Larrea tridentata) and in plots centered on mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) coppice dunes. Nine plots in each area were covered by rain-out shelters with greenhouse plastic roofs which excluded natural rainfall and nine plots received natural rainfall. There were differences in the abundance of several mite taxa in soils from the mesquite coppice dune plots. Some taxa (Stigmaeidae, Nanorchestidae, and Entomobryidae) occurred in significantly lower numbers in the soils of the drought plots. Other taxa (Tarsonemidae and Cunaxidae) were more abundant in the drought plots in the mesquite coppice dunes. There were no significant differences in the abundance of any of the dominant taxa of soil microarthropods in the drought and control plots centered on creosotebush. In the creosotebush habitat, there were significantly fewer Prostigmata in the plots exposed to drought. In an area with both creosotebush and mesquite, there were no significant differences in microarthropod population responses to drought and in recovery from drought. The differences in responses of soil microarthropods to drought in creosotebush and mesquite habitats are attributed to the differences in soil stability, litter accumulations, and microclimate associated with the shrubs. C1 US EPA, NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89195 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 147VY UT WOS:000077519300002 ER PT J AU Mack, S Garrett, W Guthrie, HD AF Mack, S Garrett, W Guthrie, HD TI Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in boar testis during postnatal development. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 66 BP 114 EP 114 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300132 ER PT J AU Zanella, E Lunstra, D Wise, T Kinder, J Ford, J AF Zanella, E Lunstra, D Wise, T Kinder, J Ford, J TI Testicular morphology and function in boars differing in concentrations of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER; PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SPERM PRODUCTION; CHINESE MEISHAN; SERTOLI-CELL; TESTOSTERONE; SPERMATOGENESIS; SPERMATOGONIA AB The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological characteristics and testicular function of boars with different endogenous concentrations of FSH. Boars were selected at 6 mo of age on the basis of mean FSH concentrations in plasma collected at 4, 5, and 6 mo of age. Boars were classified within half-sibling families based on whether they had high concentrations of FSH (HiFSH, > 500 ng/ml, n = 9) or low concentrations (LoFSH, < 500 ng/ml, n = 7). At 14.5 mo, testes were collected, fixed, sectioned at 1 mu m, and evaluated for morphological characteristics. Boars with LoFSH had larger (p < 0.01) testicular and epididymal weights than boars with HiFSH, greater (p < 0.01) daily sperm production per gram of testis, and greater total daily sperm production per boar. Testes of boars with LoFSH had a greater (p < 0.03) volume percentage of seminiferous tubules, a lesser percentage (p < 0.03) of Leydig cells, and a somewhat lesser (p = 0.06) percentage of vascular structures than testes of boars with HiFSH. Testes of boars with LoFSH had greater (p < 0.01) total tubule volume and tubule length than testes of boars with HiFSH. There were no differences (p > 0.70) in volume, diameter, or total number of Leydig cells or in total interstitial volume in testes (p > 0.41) of these two groups. Production of testosterone in vitro per paired testis and per million Leydig cells was not different (p > 0.65) between boars with HiFSH or LoFSH, Greater concentrations of FSH in blood plasma were negatively associated with development of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic efficiency, whereas Leydig cell development was not different in boars of these two groups. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Ford, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1095/biolreprod60.1.115 PG 4 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 153AH UT WOS:000077810200016 PM 9858494 ER PT J AU Roberts, MK Lund, LA Ford, JJ Stocco, DM Sherman, GB AF Roberts, MK Lund, LA Ford, JJ Stocco, DM Sherman, GB TI Expression of recombinant white rhinoceros LH using a dual expression vector. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 77 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300143 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Sampath-Kumar, R Yang, K Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Sampath-Kumar, R Yang, K Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Porcine placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) during early gestation. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hlth Ctr, Lawson Res Inst, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 79 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300145 ER PT J AU Vallet, SJ Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Christenson, RK AF Vallet, SJ Klemcke, HG Pearson, PL Christenson, RK TI Effect of intrauterine crowding and breed on fetal erythropoiesis on day 35 of pregnancy in swine. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 106 BP 126 EP 127 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300172 ER PT J AU Dyer, CJ Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Matteri, RL AF Dyer, CJ Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Matteri, RL TI Porcine placental leptin and leptin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression: Meishan versus white crossbred. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Physiol Unit, Columbia, MO USA. USDA, Roman L Hruska United States Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 107 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300176 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Matteri, RL Abeydeera, LR Day, BN Prather, RS AF Anderson, JE Matteri, RL Abeydeera, LR Day, BN Prather, RS TI Are cyclin B1 transcripts produced by the in vitro-derived 4-cell stage porcine embryo? SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 113 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300182 ER PT J AU Wang, S Panter, KE Holyoak, GR Liu, G Molyneux, RJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Wang, S Panter, KE Holyoak, GR Liu, G Molyneux, RJ Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Evaluation of locoweed toxin (swainsonine) on bovine oocyte fertilization in vitro. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 140 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300208 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Barrett, JB AF Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB Barrett, JB TI Leptin modulates GnRH secretion from hypothalamic-preoptic area in the gilt. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 287 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300354 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM AF Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM TI Changes in germinal, vesicle (GV) development during follicle maturation in pigs SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 299 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300362 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE AF Roberts, AJ Echternkamp, SE TI Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in bovine follicles. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 441 BP 230 EP 230 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300503 ER PT J AU Song, JH Rohrer, GA Wise, T Ford, JJ AF Song, JH Rohrer, GA Wise, T Ford, JJ TI Developmental transcription of androgen receptor in hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis of boars. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 454 BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300516 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, H Katsumura, M Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, R AF Yamaguchi, H Katsumura, M Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, R TI Analysis of interferon tau gene enhancer silencer elements. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Tokyo 113, Japan. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 457 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300519 ER PT J AU Do, HJ Kim, JH Abeydeera, LR Han, YM Green, J Roberts, RM Matteri, RL Day, BN Prather, RS AF Do, HJ Kim, JH Abeydeera, LR Han, YM Green, J Roberts, RM Matteri, RL Day, BN Prather, RS TI Expression of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 and 2 genes in in vitro and parthenogenetically derived pig blatocysts. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 506 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300566 ER PT J AU Lunstra, DD Wise, TH Ford, JJ AF Lunstra, DD Wise, TH Ford, JJ TI Changes in testicular structure, daily sperm production (DSP), and sertoli cell numbers during compensatory hypertrophy in boars hemicastrated at different ages. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Reprod Res Unit, RLH US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 531 BP 258 EP 258 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300591 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Gregory, KE Lindsey, BR Mussard, M Kinder, JE AF Echternkamp, SE Gregory, KE Lindsey, BR Mussard, M Kinder, JE TI Comparison of FSH and LH response to follicle aspiration in cattle selected (Twinner) and unselected (Control) for twin births. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 572 BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300632 ER PT J AU Duval, D Quirk, CC Nelson, SE Guillen, JA Hamernik, DL Clay, CM AF Duval, D Quirk, CC Nelson, SE Guillen, JA Hamernik, DL Clay, CM TI 9100 bp of 5' flanking sequence from the ovine GnRH receptor (oGnRHR) gene is responsive to GnRH and estradiol-17 beta in transgenic mice. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Physiol, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA 587 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300647 ER PT B AU Walsh, ME Ince, PJ Ugarte, DD Adams, D Alig, R Mills, J Spelter, H Skog, K Slinksy, SP Ray, DE Graham, RL AF Walsh, ME Ince, PJ Ugarte, DD Adams, D Alig, R Mills, J Spelter, H Skog, K Slinksy, SP Ray, DE Graham, RL BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Potential of short rotation wood crops as a fiber and energy source in the US SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB The use of short rotation wood crops (SRWC) as dedicated energy sources is constrained by their high price. An alternative approach is to produce co-products from SRWC, including higher-value fibers (i.e., paper and pulp, veneers, engineered wood products, etc.) and lower-value energy. The U.S. Departments of Energy and Agriculture are working together to explore the economic potential of this approach. An agricultural sector model (POLYSYS) has been modified to include switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow, and it is currently being used to evaluate the price, quantity, and location of energy crop production and the potential effects (prices, quantities, and net returns) of large scale energy crop production on traditional crops. This modeling is being extended to evaluate the economic competitiveness of using SRWC for fiber and energy by linking the modified POLYSYS model with U.S. Forest Service models (NAPAP-paper and pulp; TAMM/ATLAS--lumber supply and wood panels market). The linked models will estimate the potential SRWC fiber demand, SRWC supply, equilibrium SRWC fiber quantities and prices, and selected effects on traditional forest management activities. Additionally, SRWC residue quantities potentially available for energy use will be estimated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500010 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Tischler, CR Van Esbroeck, GA AF Kiniry, JR Tischler, CR Van Esbroeck, GA TI Radiation use efficiency and leaf CO2 exchange for diverse C-4 grasses SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE light interception; leaf area index; Beer-Lambert formula; radiation-use efficiency ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; CROP; SWITCHGRASS; ELEPHANTMILLET; ELEPHANTGRASS; PRODUCTIVITY; ACCUMULATION; ENERGYCANE; CANOPIES AB Biomass accumulation of different grass species can be quantified by leaf area index (LAI) development, the Beer-Lambert light interception function, and a species-specific radiation-use efficiency (RUE). The object of this field study was to compare RUE values and leaf CO2 exchange rates (CER) for four C-4 grasses. Biomass, LAI, and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted were measured during three growing. seasons. CER was measured on several dates and at several positions in the canopies. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) had the greatest RUE whereas sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey] had the lowest. Big bluestem (Andropogon geraidii Vitman) and eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] values were intermediate. The two species with the greatest differences in RUE, switchgrass and sideoats grama, had similar relative amounts partitioned to roots. Likewise differences among species in the accumulation of soil carbon showed trends similar to total shoot biomass production. The light extinction coefficients (k) of switchgrass, big bluestem, and eastern gamagrass were smaller than for sideoats grama, implying that light was more effectively scattered down into the leaf canopy of the first three grasses. Whole canopy CER values were calculated with a stratified canopy approach, using LAI values, the Beer-Lambert formula with appropriate extinction coefficients: and CER light response curves. Differences among species in RUE were similar to these values for estimated whole-canopy CER divided by the fraction of light that was intercepted. High LAI along with low k contributed to higher RUE in switchgrass, in spite of lower values for single-leaf CER. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 37 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00036-7 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 223YK UT WOS:000081869000002 ER PT J AU Unruh, JJ Farrell, HM AF Unruh, JJ Farrell, HM TI FTIR secondary structural analysis of beta-lactoglobulin a, b, and c: Effects of temperature and salt SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A353 EP A353 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902066 ER PT B AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, WJ BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Use of vegetable oil in a pilot scale denitrifying biobarrier SO BIOREMEDIATION OF METALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID NITRATE; GROUNDWATER; WATER AB Nitrate is a common groundwater contaminant. My studies suggest that biobarriers containing innocuous vegetable oils can be used to remove nitrate from groundwater. A sand tank was used as a scale model of an aquifer. Near the center of the tank was an area that contained 153 kg of sand coated with 1.5 kg of soybean oil that served as a denitrifying biobarrier. Over a 30 week period 33,400 liters of water containing 20 mg/L nitrate-N was pumped through the barrier. For the first 10 weeks of the study almost all of the nitrate was removed by the barrier, by week 15 the efficiency of the barrier was about 50%, and by week 30 almost no nitrate was removed. Denitrifying biobarriers containing innocuous vegetable oils could be used to protect water from nitrate contamination or treat contaminated water. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-077-2 PY 1999 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63A UT WOS:000082416300008 ER PT B AU Hunter, WJ AF Hunter, WJ BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Bioremediation of nitrate contaminated soils using innocuous oil SO BIOREMEDIATION OF METALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID GROUNDWATER AB Agricultural operations that involve manure can cause the contamination of groundwater with nitrate. Innocuous vegetable oils might be used as an electron donor in a denitrifying biobarrier to prevent the downward movement of nitrate in contaminated soils. This study, at a site in northeastern Colorado, evaluated the movement of nitrate in soils beneath a small cattle pen and the use of innocuous vegetables oil to stimulate denitrification in those soils. Soil cores were collected to a depth of 160 cm beneath the pen. Soils contained up to 330 mg nitrate-N/kg with the highest levels occurring deeper (below 40 cm). However, denitrification activity was highest near the surface above these high nitrate concentrations. Adding oil as an electron donor stimulated denitrification in the deeper soils. In these pens denitrification activity near the surface has not stopped nitrate from moving into the deeper soil layers where denitrification activity was limited by the amount of electron donor (carbon) present. Over time nitrate has moved through these soils and into the aquifer below the pens. My results suggest that innocuous vegetable oils could be used in biobarriers to block the movement of nitrate into deeper soils. In situ applications could involve the injection of oil into the ground to prevent the seepage of nitrate from a feedlot, manure storage area or industrial site. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunter, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-077-2 PY 1999 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63A UT WOS:000082416300009 ER PT B AU Shantharam, S AF Shantharam, S BE Shantharam, S Montgomery, JF TI Biotechnology and development: Moving technology forward using environmental assessment SO BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOSAFETY, AND BIODIVERSITY: SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL ISSUES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Biotechnology and Biodiversity - Scientific and Ethical Issues in Conjunction with the 2nd International Crop Science Congress CY NOV 15-16, 1996 CL INDIAN AGR RES INST, NEW DELHI, INDIA HO INDIAN AGR RES INST C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Shantharam, S (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-018-5 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN25N UT WOS:000081315000001 ER PT B AU Malik, VS AF Malik, VS BE Shantharam, S Montgomery, JF TI Marker gene controversy in transgenic plants SO BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOSAFETY, AND BIODIVERSITY: SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL ISSUES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Symposium on Biotechnology and Biodiversity - Scientific and Ethical Issues in Conjunction with the 2nd International Crop Science Congress CY NOV 15-16, 1996 CL INDIAN AGR RES INST, NEW DELHI, INDIA HO INDIAN AGR RES INST ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SELECTABLE MARKERS; WILD RELATIVES; TRANSFORMATION; DNA; GLYPHOSATE; BACTERIA; PLASMIDS C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Malik, VS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-018-5 PY 1999 BP 65 EP 90 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Ecology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN25N UT WOS:000081315000007 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, DK Desante, DF McKelvey, KS Hines, JE AF Rosenberg, DK Desante, DF McKelvey, KS Hines, JE TI Monitoring survival rates of Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus at multiple spatial scales SO BIRD STUDY LA English DT Article ID UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; POPULATION; STRATEGY; MODELS; BIRDS AB We estimated survival rates of Swainson's Thrush, a common neotropical, migratory landbird, at multiple spatial scales, using data collected in the western LISA from the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship Programme. We evaluated statistical power to detect spatially heterogeneous survival rates and exponentially declining survival rates among spatial scales with simulated populations parameterized from results of the Swainson's Thrush analyses. Models describing survival rates as constant across large spatial scales did not fit the data. The model toe chose as most appropriate to describe survival rates of Swainson's Thrush allowed survival rates to vary among Physiographic Provinces, included a separate parameter for the probability that a newly captured bird is a resident individual in the study population, and constrained capture probability to be constant across all stations. Estimated annual survival rates under this model varied from 0.42 to 0.75 among Provinces. The coefficient of variation of survival estimates ranged fi om 5.8 to 20% among Physiographic Provinces. Statistical power to detect exponentially declining trends was fairly low for small spatial scales, although large annual declines (3% of previous year's rate) were likely to be detected when monitoring was conducted for long periods of time (e.g. 20 years). Although our simulations and field results are based an only four years of data from a limited number and distribution of stations, it is likely that they illustrate genuine difficulties inherent to broadscale efforts to monitor survival rates of territorial landbirds. In particular our results suggest that more attention needs to be paid to sampling schemes of monitoring programmes, particularly regarding the trade-off between precision and potential bias of parameter estimates at varying spatial scales. C1 Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Environm Sci Ctr, Laurel, MD 20811 USA. RP Rosenberg, DK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRITISH TRUST ORNITHOLOGY PI THETFORD NORFOLK PA NUNNERY, NUNNERY PLACE, THETFORD NORFOLK, ENGLAND IP24 2PU SN 0006-3657 J9 BIRD STUDY JI Bird Stud. PY 1999 VL 46 SU S BP 198 EP 208 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 268AA UT WOS:000084390400022 ER PT B AU Arno, SF AF Arno, SF BE Smith, HY TI Ecosystem-based management at lower elevations SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB Our experience testing ecosystem-based management (EM) treatments in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/fir (Abies spp.) is summarized here. Topics covered include silvicultural treatments, fire application, soils and nutrient considerations, wildlife habitat considerations, associated riparian communities, and treatment of invasive weeds. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. RP Arno, SF (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900002 ER PT B AU Harrington, MG AF Harrington, MG BE Smith, HY TI Fire applications in ecosystem management SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB Decades of fire absence from ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests has resulted in overstocked, unhealthy, and severe fire-prone stands requiring management attention. Prescribed fire can be used in three general situations during restoration management. First is when fuel loadings are excessive from either natural accumulation or harvest slash. Second is when dense understory conifers are thinned and burned. Third is when tree cutting is impractical or against policy and, therefore, applied fire may be the only practical option. Maintenance burning should be planned to coincide with future silvicultural activities or to maintain ecological processes. C1 USDA, Foret Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Harrington, MG (reprint author), USDA, Foret Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1999 IS 17 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900004 ER PT B AU Smith, HY AF Smith, HY BE Smith, HY TI Wildlife habitat considerations SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB Fire, insects, disease, harvesting, and precommercial thinning all create mosaics on Northern Rocky Mountain landscapes. These mosaics are important for faunal habitat. Consequently, changes such as created openings of an increase in heavily stocked areas affect the water, cover, and food of forest habitats. The "no action" alternative in ecosystem management of low elevation ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pinus ponderosal Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests needs the same careful consideration as other alternatives because the consequences may be detrimental to some wildlife habitats. Suitable management should provide habitat heterogeneity necessary for a diversity of wildlife. A database of helpful information for managers in discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Smith, HY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900006 ER PT B AU Hardy, CC Keane, RE Harrington, MG AF Hardy, CC Keane, RE Harrington, MG BE Smith, HY TI Associated riparian communities SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB Some 100 years of fire exclusion in the Interior Northwest has resulted in riparian areas dominated by dense thickets of shade-tolerant trees. If former, more open conditions could be restored, these habitats could once more support a more diverse bird community. Efforts toward this at two study sites are described. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hardy, CC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Unit, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900007 ER PT B AU Hardy, CC Keane, RE Stewart, CA AF Hardy, CC Keane, RE Stewart, CA BE Smith, HY TI Ecosystem-based management in the lodgepole pine zone SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPES; MONTANA AB The significant geographic extent of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in the interior West and the large proportion within the mixed-severity fire regime has led to efforts for more ecologically based management of lodgepole pine. New research and demonstration activities are presented that may provide knowledge and techniques to manage lodgepole pine forests in the interior West. First, at the stand and watershed levels, a current application of a suite of restoration treatments to lodgepole pine stands within a watershed in central Montana is discussed. Second, a Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project (BEMRP) study is presented that characterized landscape and patch dynamics in lodgepole pine forests at a coarser spatial resolution. Various landscape metrics for quantification of the range of variation in aerial extent of cover type and structural stage categories were used, and the implications for ecosystem management are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. RP Hardy, CC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900009 ER PT B AU Keane, RE Arno, SF Stewart, CA AF Keane, RE Arno, SF Stewart, CA BE Smith, HY TI Ecosystem-based management in the Whitebark Pine Zone SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT ID NATIONAL-PARKS; RESTORATION; ALBICAULIS AB Declining whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have necessitated development of innovative methods to restore these ecologically valuable, high elevation ecosystems. We have began an extensive restoration study using prescribed fire and silvicultural cuttings to return native ecological processes to degenerating whitebark pine forests. Preliminary results indicate these restoration treatments are successfully restoring the fire processes at a small scale, but many challenges need to be met to achieve landscape scale whitebark pine ecosystem restoration. Prescribed fires are difficult to implement because highly variable mountain weather rarely allows favorable burning conditions and the remote settings of many whitebark pine stands may preclude economically feasible silvicultural harvesting. However, we believe any fire or silvicultural treatment that reduces competing tree species densities and allows whitebark pine regeneration can potentially aid in the conservation of whitebark pine ecosystems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Rocky Mtn Res Stn,Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59837 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Effects Res Work Unit, Rocky Mtn Res Stn,Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59837 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1999 IS 17 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900010 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, L Pearson, D AF Ruggiero, L Pearson, D BE Smith, HY TI Presence/Absence as a metric for monitoring vertebrate populations SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT ID CALIFORNIA AB Developing cost effective methods for monitoring vertebrate populations is a persistent problem in wildlife biology. Population demographic data is too costly and time intensive to acquire, so researchers have begun investigating presence/absence sampling as a means for monitoring wildlife populations. We examined three important assumptions regarding the probability of detection (POD) requisite to implementing presence! absence sampling for wildlife monitoring: constant POD within species among sampling visits, among years, and among habitats. POD was constant for all small mammals examined between habitats and for most small mammals among visits and between years. Presence/absence may eventually serve as an effective means of monitoring some wildlife populations for demographic changes over time, but additional research will be necessary to further test these and other assumptions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat Relationships Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Ruggiero, L (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat Relationships Unit, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900011 ER PT B AU Pearson, DE AF Pearson, DE BE Smith, HY TI Small mammals of the Bitterroot National Forest: Ecological significance and guidelines for management SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MARTEN; SITES AB Small mammal literature was reviewed to assess the ecological role of small mammals on the Bitterroot National Forest of western Montana. Small mammals fulfill numerous important roles in forest ecosystems by supporting a wide range of predators, dispersing seeds and mycorrhizal spores, altering vegetation through herbivory and seed predation, and preying on insects. Coarse woody debris (CWD) is among the most important habitat components for forest small mammals. Guidelines are suggested for managing CWD for small mammal populations with an emphasis on CWD recruitment. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat Relationships Unit, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Pearson, DE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat Relationships Unit, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900012 ER PT B AU Smith, JK McMenus, K AF Smith, JK McMenus, K BE Smith, HY TI Agencies within communities, communities within ecosystems SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB Can scientific information and intensive, extensive public involvement through facilitated meetings be expected to lead to agreement on natural resource issues? Communications and research in the Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project indicate that, where people's values differ greatly, consensus is not a realistic goal for short term planning processes. Public involvement is successful when agreement is reached, but it is also successful when relationships among participants are enhanced, when all stakeholders are identified and included, and when public input is used to improve products such as management plans. While using public processes to accomplish planning goals, agencies must also continually work toward the long-term goals of increased participation, understanding, and acceptance. This process is enhanced by (1) accepting tensions within communities as forces that contribute to balanced decisions; (2) using the infrastructure and polity of the local community to involve the public and considering land management issues as extending across time, not resolved by single projects; (3) maintaining a commitment to obtaining, using, and sharing scientific knowledge; and (4) developing long-term relationships with community groups and members of the public, including newcomers. The long-term process of establishing and improving relationships with partners enhances short-term public involvement efforts to help agencies develop sound management plans and implement them on the ground. C1 US Forest Serv, Fire Effects Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Smith, JK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fire Effects Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900015 ER PT B AU Chambers, JC AF Chambers, JC BE Smith, HY TI Great basin research and management project: Restoring and maintaining Riparian ecosystem integrity SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB The Great Basin Research and Management Project was initiated in 1994 by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station's Ecology, Paleoecology, and Restoration of Great Basin Watersheds Project to address the problems of stream incision and riparian ecosystem degradation in central Nevada. It is a highly interdisciplinary project that is being conducted in cooperation with the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The project's focus is unique in that it is examining the linkages between the watershed, riparian corridor, and riparian ecosystem scales, and is focusing on both the mid to late Holocene (last 5,000 years) and the Recent Period (last 100 years). Major objectives include examining the effects of climate change and natural and anthropogenic disturbance on the structure and functioning of watersheds and ecosystems, evaluating methods and criteria for determining the effects of both disturbance and management activities, and developing methods for restoring or maintaining watershed and riparian ecosystem integrity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 110 EP 113 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900024 ER PT B AU Finch, DM AF Finch, DM BE Smith, HY TI Research of the Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Program SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT AB This paper describes the mission, objectives, and preliminary results of the Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Research Program managed at the Rocky Mountain Research Station's Albuquerque laboratory. This program was initiated in 1994 to address growing pressures to effectively manage the limited resources of the middle Rio Grande Basin. The program is divided into four problem areas: upland vegetation, links between uplands and rivers, fish and wildlife, and cultural resources. This paper describes the productivity and products of the program since its inception. C1 US Forest Serv, Recovery & Sustainabil Grassland & Riparian Ecosy, SW Res Work Unit, USDA,Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Finch, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Recovery & Sustainabil Grassland & Riparian Ecosy, SW Res Work Unit, USDA,Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia Se, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 1999 IS 17 BP 114 EP 118 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900025 ER PT B AU Kent, B Shepperd, WD Shields, DJ AF Kent, B Shepperd, WD Shields, DJ BE Smith, HY TI The Colorado Front Range Ecosystem Management Research Project: Accomplishments to date SO BITTERROOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT: WHAT WE HAVE L EARNED SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project CY MAY 18-20, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT ID VALUES; FOREST; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPE; POLICY AB This article briefly describes the goals and objectives for the Colorado Front Range Ecosystem Management Project (FREM). Research under this project has addressed both biophysical and human dimensions problems relating to ecosystem management in the Colorado Front Range. Results of completed work are described, and the status of the ongoing demonstration project at Manitou Experimental Forest is given. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Kent, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1999 IS 17 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BS23Z UT WOS:000169191900026 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Vander Wall, SB Schupp, EW AF Chambers, JC Vander Wall, SB Schupp, EW TI Seed and seedling ecology of pinon and juniper species in the pygmy woodlands of western North America SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review ID PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RED CEDAR JUNIPERUS; PINYON PINE; SHRUB-STEPPE; GYMNORHINUS-CYANOCEPHALUS; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; CLARK NUTCRACKER; LATE-PLEISTOCENE; TAMIAS-AMOENUS; PASSAGE RATES AB Knowledge of the seed and seedling ecology of the pinon and juniper woodlands of western North America is essential for understanding both the northward migration and expansion of the woodlands during the Holocene (<11,500 B.P.), and the accelerated expansion of the woodlands since settlement of the West by Anglo-Americans around 200 years ago. We follow the fates of seeds and seedlings of the different pinon and juniper species within the woodlands from seed development to seedling establishment, and discuss the implications of this information for the past and present expansion of the woodlands. While seed development requires about two and one-half years in pinons, it is species-dependent in junipers and can take one, two, or even three years. Substantial seed lasses can occur during seed development due to developmental constraints, and before or after seed maturation as a result of insects, pathogens, or predatory animals. In pinon pines, the primary seed dispersers are scatter-hoarding birds (corvids) and rodents that harvest seeds from the trees or after seed fall and cache them in the soil. In contrast, most junipers appear to be dispersed primarily by frugivorous birds and mammals that ingest the seeds and defecate them onto the soil surface. We have recently documented that scatter-hoarding rodents also disperse juniper seeds. Disperser effectiveness, or the contribution a disperser makes to the future reproduction of a plant population, may vary among species of pinons and especially junipers. Pinon seeds are short-lived and exhibit little dormancy, and they probably only germinate the spring following dispersal. Juniper seeds are long-lived and seed dispersal can occur over one or more years. Seed germination can be delayed for several years due to impermeable seed coats, embryo dormancy, or the presence of inhibitors. Seedling establishment of pinon pines is facilitated by nurse plants but, while junipers often establish beneath nurse plants, they are capable of establishing in open environments. In the southwestern United States, higher establishment of juniper occurs in open environments due to more favorable precipitation, and competition may be more important than facilitation in determining establishment. When considering the mechanisms involved in the past and present expansion of the woodlands, short-distance dispersal, local population growth, and long-distance dispersal are all important. Different classes of dispersers, some of which appear to have coevolved with the tree species, appear to be responsible for local (short-distance) vs. long-distance dispersal in pinons and junipers. Because ecotones form the interface between the woodlands and adjacent communities, they can provide valuable information on both the seed dispersal and seedling establishment processes responsible for tree expansion. Disturbance regimes and, recently, the effects of humans on those regimes have major effects on the expansion and contraction of the woodlands. Before Anglo-American settlement, fires occurred as frequently as every 50-100 years throughout much of the woodlands. During this century, fire frequencies have been reduced due to the indirect effects of livestock grazing and the direct effects of removing Native Americans from the ecosystem and implementing active fire-prevention programs. The result has been an increase in tree-dominated successional stages at the expense of grass-dominated stages. Various management techniques, including controlled burning and chaining, have been implemented to reduce tree dominance, but their effects depend largely on the life histories of the tree species and the disturbance characteristics. Several areas relating to the seed and seedling ecology of the pinon and juniper require additional research if we are to truly understand the dynamics of the woodlands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010 NR 197 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 41 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1007/BF02856556 PG 38 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 187ZB UT WOS:000079817800001 ER PT J AU Kelson, AR AF Kelson, AR TI "A plea for the horse": George Q. Cannon's concern for animal welfare in nineteenth-century America (Promoting humane treatment of animals among the Latter-day Saints from a philosophical and religio-historical perspective) SO BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kelson, AR (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV STUDIES PI PROVO PA 403 CB, PO BOX 24098, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0007-0106 J9 BRIGHAM YOUNG U STUD JI Brigh. Young Univ. Stud. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 47 EP 61 PG 15 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 232MR UT WOS:000082375000003 ER PT J AU Levander, OA Beck, MA AF Levander, OA Beck, MA TI Selenium and viral virulence SO BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COXSACKIEVIRUS B3; DEFICIENT MICE; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS; VITAMIN-E; INFECTION AB A mouse model of coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis is being used to investigate nutritional determinants of viral virulence. This approach was suggested by research carried out in China which showed that mice fed diets composed of low selenium ingredients from a Keshan disease area suffered more extensive heart damage when infected with a coxsackie B-4 virus than infected mice fed the same diet but supplemented with selenium by esophageal intubation. Selenium deficiency in our mice increased the virulence of an already virulent strain of coxsackievirus B-3 (CVB3/20) and also allowed conversion of a non-virulent strain (CVB3/0) to virulence. Such conversion of CVB3/0 was accompanied by a change in the viral genome to more closely match that of the virulent virus, CVB3/20. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report of host nutrition influencing the genetic make-up of an invading pathogen. Nutritionists may need to consider this mechanism of increased viral virulence in order to gain a better understanding of diet/infection relationships. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Levander, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307,Rm 201A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1420 J9 BRIT MED BULL JI Br. Med. Bull. PY 1999 VL 55 IS 3 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1258/0007142991902592 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 263DL UT WOS:000084107500004 PM 10746343 ER PT J AU Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ AF Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ TI Efficacy of a killed Streptococcus iniae vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION AB Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were vaccinated intraperitoneally (IP) at mean weights of 25 and 100 g with killed Streptococcus iniae vaccine composed of whole cells and concentrated, extracellular products (greater than 2 kDa). At 30 days post vaccination, the groups of vaccinates and non vaccinates were IP challenged and monitored daily for clinical signs and mortality for 60 days. Vaccination reduced mortality 91.3 percent and prevented erratic swimming, hemorrhagic exophthalmia and ocular opacity, immunized 25g tilapia had relative percent survival (RPS) of 95.3 and 100 g tilapia had RPS's ranging from 84.2 to 94.7. C1 ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, USDA, Box 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 BULL EUR ASSN FISH P JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 229CX UT WOS:000082176900008 ER PT J AU Klesius, P Lim, C Shoemaker, C AF Klesius, P Lim, C Shoemaker, C TI Effect of feed deprivation on innate resistance and antibody response to Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article AB The mortality rate and antibody titer of juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared under laboratory conditions and fed different feeding regimens for various rime periods were determined in fish challenged with Flavobacterium columnare. significant increase in mortality due to F. columnare occurred in channel catfish starved for 7 and 10-day periods. Antibody titers showed that the challenged fish in all treatments were infected as evidence by the significant increase in antibody liters as compared to non-infected fish. The antibody titers of fish deprived of feed for either 3 or 7 days were reduced, but not significantly(P > 0.05)in comparison to the corresponding fish fed for 3 or 7 days. Starvation of channel catfish 7 days or more in the absence of natural food negatively influenced innate resistance of catfish and antibody titers to columnaris disease caused by F, columnare. C1 ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Klesius, P (reprint author), ARS, Fish Dis & Parasites Res Lab, USDA, Box 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 BULL EUR ASSN FISH P JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 156 EP 158 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 229JD UT WOS:000082189900006 ER PT J AU Sharp, JL Robertson, JL Preisler, HK AF Sharp, JL Robertson, JL Preisler, HK TI Mortality of mature third-instar Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) exposed to microwave energy SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; BACTROCERA-TRYONI DIPTERA; VAPOR HEAT-TREATMENT; HOT-WATER; FLIES DIPTERA; THERMAL DEATH; LARVAE; EGGS; TEMPERATURE AB Our investigation estimates time-temperature relationships and demonstrates the effect of rapid heating on mortality of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Mature larvae (third instars) in water were exposed to each of seven temperatures (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50 degrees C) and each of five power levels (11, 27.5, 55, 88, and 122 W) in a research-quality microwave oven. Controls were immersed in water for 30 min and not exposed to microwave energy. Data were analyzed by a probit model with three explanatory variables. The variables were time to reach target temperature, power, and final temperature. Temperature needed to control the larvae increased as power increased. Of the power-temperature levels, the only combinations that resulted in >99% mortality were the lowest power (16 W) at 49 or 50 degrees C and 30 W at 50 degrees C. Time required for >99% mortality decreased with increased power. Thus, as power delivered to larvae increased and time needed to reach exposure temperature deceased, percent mortality decreased. We conclude that rapid heating imposes serious constraints on the use of heat-induced mortality; this result raises important questions that must be addressed because quarantine security may be jeopardized. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sharp, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 131 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171VY UT WOS:000078885800006 ER PT J AU Connolly, JH Shortle, WC Jellison, J AF Connolly, JH Shortle, WC Jellison, J TI Translocation and incorporation of strontium carbonate derived strontium into calcium oxalate crystals by the wood decay fungus Resinicium bicolor SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE fungi; strontium; calcium oxalate; translocation; soil; minerals nutrient cycling ID INSOLUBLE METAL-COMPOUNDS; MYCELIAL CORD SYSTEMS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; PHANEROCHAETE-VELUTINA; SOLUBILIZATION; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT; GROWTH; BIODETERIORATION AB The white-rot wood decay fungus Resinicium. bicolor (Abertini & Schwein.: Fr.) Parmasto was studied for its ability to solubilize and translocate ions from the naturally occurring mineral strontianite. Resinicium bicolor colonized a soil mixture culture medium containing strontianite sand, solubilized strontium ions from this mineral phase, translocated the ions vertically, and reprecipitated the strontium into strontium-containing calcium oxalate crystals. Storage of the Sr in crystals was highest in mycelial cards and was dynamic in character. These results suggest that non-mycorrhizal saprotrophic fungi should be evaluated for their potential participation in forest nutrient cycling via biologically weathering parent material and translocating the mobilized mineral nutrients vertically within soils. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Sci Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Connolly, JH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Sci Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 77 IS 1 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 224PB UT WOS:000081906500020 ER PT J AU Ristau, TE Horsley, SB AF Ristau, TE Horsley, SB TI Pin cherry effects on Allegheny hardwood stand development SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST REGENERATION; BLACK-CHERRY; SUGAR MAPLE; PENNSYLVANIA; DEER; INTERFERENCE; HISTORY; GROWTH AB Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) develops an early height advantage over associated species. Data from three long-term studies, extending up to 70 years after complete overstory removal, were used to evaluate the effects of pin cherry density on associates. Survival of seedling-origin stems of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) at age 15 decreased as the density of pin cherry >1.5 m tall at age 3 increased. The regression of pin cherry with black cherry was particularly strong (R(2) = 0.632). Height of the tallest black cherry and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) at age 15 also decreased. If the density of pin cherry at age 3 was > 1 stem > 1.5 m tall per 0.0004 ha (high density), the number of black cherry fell below full stocking at age 15. When pin cherry occurred in high density, it lived longer than when it occurred at low density (< 1 stem > 1.5 m tall per 0.0004 ha). High pin cherry density early in stand development delayed the time when shade-intolerant and shade-intermediate species reached a stable proportion of the total basal area. In the long term, pin cherry reduced stand diameter and volume growth, particularly of black cherry. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Horsley, SB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM shorsley/ne_wa@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-1-73 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181AD UT WOS:000079417700009 ER PT J AU Liu, L Lehmkuhl, HD Kaeberle, ML AF Liu, L Lehmkuhl, HD Kaeberle, ML TI Synergistic effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage functions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; CALVES; INVITRO; PHAGOCYTOSIS; OUTBREAKS; PNEUMONIA; MONOCYTES AB The effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage (AM) functions was investigated. Alveolar macrophages were harvested from 2- to 6-month-old calves seronegative for BRSV and BVDV and inoculated with approximately 1 median cell culture infective dose of virus per AM. Control, BRSV infected, ncpBVDV-infected and BRSV-ncpBVDV coinfected AM cultures were evaluated for Pc receptor expression, phagosome-lysosome fusion, superoxide anion (O-2(-)) production, and chemotactic activity on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postinfection. Both single and combined viral infections significantly depressed AM Pc receptor expression, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and secretion of chemotactic factors with a more significant synergistic depression seen in BRSV-ncpBVDV coinfection. Production of O-2(-) by AM was not decreased by either BRSV or ncpBVDV infection, but was significantly decreased by coinfection with BRSV-ncpBVDV. The present study confirms previous reports of BRSV effects on AM functions and indicate that ncpBVDV affects AM functions in vitro. Coinfection with BRSV-ncpBVDV produced a synergistic depression on AM functions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM hlehmkuh@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 157JK UT WOS:000078057600008 PM 9918333 ER PT J AU Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Jacoby, ME Hanley, TA Arthur, SM Servheen, C AF Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Jacoby, ME Hanley, TA Arthur, SM Servheen, C TI The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; STABLE ISOTOPES; BLACK BEARS; PACIFIC SALMON; NATIONAL-PARK; URSUS-ARCTOS; ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; DIETS AB We hypothesized that the relative availability of meat, indicated by contribution to the diet, would be positively related to body size and population productivity of North American brown, or grizzly, bears (Ui;rus arctos). Dietary contributions of plane matter and meat derived from both;terrestrial and marine sources, were quantified by stable-isotope analysis (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) Of hair samples from 13 brown bear populations. Estimates of adult female body mass, mean litter size, and population density were obtained from two field studies of ours and from other published reports. The populations ranged from largely vegetarian to largely carnivorous, and food resources ranged from mostly terrestrial to mostly marine (salmon, Oncorhyachus spp.). The proportion of meat in the diet was significantly correlated with mean adult female body mass (r = 0.87, P < 0.01), mean litter size (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), and mean population density (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Salmon was the most important source of meat for the largest, most carnivorous bears and most productive populations. We conclude that availability of meat, particularly salmon; greatly influences habitat quality for brown bears at both the individual level and the population lever. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Montana, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hilderbrand, GV (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM Grant_Hilderbrand@Fishgame.state.ak.us NR 57 TC 251 Z9 256 U1 11 U2 63 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 77 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1139/cjz-77-1-132 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 219GD UT WOS:000081598800016 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Shogren, RL Salch, JH AF Fanta, GF Shogren, RL Salch, JH TI Steam jet cooking of high-amylose starch fatty acid mixtures. An investigation of complex formation SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch-fatty acid mixtures; complex formation; steam jet cooking; lauric acid; myristic acid; palmitic acid; stearic acid ID POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID); SCREW EXTRUSION; COMPOSITES; VISCOSITY; SINGLE AB We have investigated the formation of helical inclusion complexes when aqueous mixtures of high-amylose starch and lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids are processed by steam jet cooking at 140 degrees C. The amount of free fatty acid that complexes with amylose was compared with the amount complexed when the fatty acid was present in its water-dispersible, sodium salt form. Air-dried and finely-ground products prepared from lauric and myristic acids and their sodium salts were extracted to remove uncomplexed fatty acid. A quantitative Fourier transfrom infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) method, based upon absorption of the carboxylic acid carbonyl, was then developed to determine the amount of complexed fatty acid remaining in the product. For both of these fatty acid systems, only small differences in complex formation were observed between the free acid and the sodium salt. Although water solubility of these fatty acids is negligible at room temperature, solubility is apparently sufficient for complex formation under the high-temperature, high-shear conditions of the steam jet cooking process. Products prepared from lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and their respective sodium salts were also examined by X-ray diffraction. This technique confirmed the results obtained by FTIR and also showed that differences between free acid and sodium salt become more pronounced as the fatty acid increases in molecular weight, and water solubility is reduced. For the stearic acid system, complexation of free acid was roughly half that observed with the sodium salt. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fanta, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(98)00104-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 157QZ UT WOS:000078074300001 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM TI Surface functional groups on acid-activated nutshell carbons SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; oxidation; functional groups ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; HEAVY-METALS; ADSORPTION; WOOD AB Nutshells from agriculturally important nut crops (almond, black walnut, English walnut, macadamia nut and pecan) were converted to granular activated carbon using phosphoric acid activation in nitrogen or air. Surface functional groups (carbonyl, phenols, lactones, carboxyl) were quantified by titration with bases of different ionization potential. The degree of copper uptake was correlated with the presence of various functional groups on these carbons. The results indicate that acid-activation strategies which provide the greatest contact of nutshells with air during carbonization and activation also have the greatest quantity of surface functional groups and the highest copper uptake. Also, the type of nutshell used for activated carbon production has little effect on the types of surface functional groups produced and subsequent copper adsorption. This study demonstrates that a judicious choice of activation strategy for nutshell precursors can produce activated carbons with numerous surface functional groups and high copper adsorption activity. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Toles, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 RE Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 23 TC 152 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1999 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00315-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 210QQ UT WOS:000081116500004 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Radosavljevic, M Jane, JL AF Dowd, MK Radosavljevic, M Jane, JL TI Characterization of starch recovered from wet-milled corn fiber SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GELATINIZATION C1 ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mkdowd@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900002 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE TI Predicting the number of dominant R alleles in single wheat kernels using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLOR AB An optical radiation measurement system was used to measure reflectance spectra of single wheat kernels from 400 to 2,000 nm. A total of 18 wheat samples with 0, 1, 2, or 3 R alleles for red grain color was used for this study. The results indicated a linear relationship between the degree of the red pigmentation and the number of R alleles. The highest coefficient of determination (R-2) was 0.78 in the wavelength region of 500-1,700 nm when a four-class partial least squares model was used. The highest classification of red genes was 78.4%. For two-class models, differentiating samples with 0 R alleles and 1 R allele from samples with 3 R alleles had the highest success rate of 100 and 98.8%, respectively. The number and combination of R alleles had a significant effect on wheat kernel color. These relationships may be useful to wheat breeders in estimating the number and location of R alleles. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900003 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE TI Single wheat kernel color classification by using near-infrared reflectance spectra SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED AB An optical radiation measurement system, which measured reflectance spectra, log (1/R), from 400 to 2,000 nm, was used to quantify single wheat kernel color. Six classes of wheat samples were used for this study, including red wheat that appears white and white wheat that appears red. Partial least squares regression and multiple linear regression were used to develop classification models with three wavelength regions, 500-750, 500-1,700, and 750-1,900 nm, and three data pretreatments, log (1/R), first derivative, and second derivative. For partial least squares models, the highest classification accuracy was 98.5% with the wavelength region of 500-1,700 nm. The log (1/R) and the first derivative yielded higher classification accuracy than the second derivative. For multiple linear regression models, the highest classification accuracy was 98.1% obtained from log (1/R) spectra from the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.30 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900008 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE TI Single wheat kernel size effects on near-infrared reflectance spectra and color classification SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB An optical radiation measurement system was used to measure reflectance spectra of single wheat kernels from 400 to 2,000 nm. Five classes of wheat were used for this study. Three kernel sizes (large, medium, and small) were used to determine how wheat kernel size affects visible and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra and single wheat kernel color classification. Mean kernel weights ranged from 35.6 to 57.2 mg for large kernels, from 26.9 to 45.0 mg for medium kernels, and from 17.6 to 31.4 mg for small kernels. The results showed that wheat kernel size significantly affects visible and NIR reflectance spectra. Determination of the color class of red kernels increased in accuracy and that of white kernels decreased in accuracy as kernel size decreased. Data pretreatments such as multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), first or second derivatives, and first or second derivatives with MSC reduced the effect of kernel size on reflectance spectra and color classification. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.34 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900009 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Windham, WR Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Kohlwey, DE AF Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Windham, WR Barton, FE Webb, BD McClung, AM Moldenhauer, KA Linscombe, S McKenzie, KS Kohlwey, DE TI Effects of degree of milling, drying condition, and final moisture content on sensory texture of cooked rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Different cultures have different preferences for cooked rice flavor and texture characteristics. These differences provide opportunities for U.S. rice varieties to fit into global markets to meet consumer demands worldwide. It is important to assess the properties of U.S. rice varieties and determine the factors that influence their eating quality. Cooked rice texture attributes can be affected by postharvest handling practices, such as degree of milling, drying condition, and final moisture. This article reports the effects of postharvest handling parameters on the texture of cooked medium- and short-grain rice varieties grown in Arkansas (AR) and California (CA), as measured by descriptive sensory analysis. The rice samples were Bengal (AR), Koshihikari (AR), Koshihikari (CA), M-401 (AR), M-401 (CA), and M-202 (CA). The six rice varieties were regular- or deep-milled and dried under one of five drying conditions to achieve final moisture levels of 12 or 15% (n = 120). A trained sensory panel developed a lexicon of 16 sensory attributes that described cooked rice texture at different phases of evaluation, beginning with manual adhesiveness and ending with mouthfeel characteristics after swallowing. Rice varieties differed in some physicochemical and sensory properties. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in adhesive properties, such as manual and visual adhesiveness and stickiness to lips, were observed. Rice samples also differed in mouthfeel properties. Factor analysis of sensory data grouped attributes into four groups that explained 68.5% of the variation in data. Primary sensory differences were due to adhesive properties assessed in the early stages of evaluation. C1 ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. ARS, USDA, Rice Qual Lab, Beaumont, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, Crowley, LA USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA USA. Riviana Foods Inc, Houston, TX USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.56 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900013 ER PT J AU Knuckles, BE Chiu, MCM AF Knuckles, BE Chiu, MCM TI beta-glucanase activity and molecular weight of beta-glucans in barley after various treatments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VISCOSITY; PRODUCTS; MALT AB beta-Glucanase activity interferes with molecular characterization of mixed-linkage (1-->3)(1-->4)-beta-D-glucans (beta-glucans). Reductions in beta-glucanase activity were determined after barley cvs. Azhul, Waxbar, and Baronesse were treated with autoclaving (120 degrees C, 45 min), calcium chloride (0.05M, 1 hr), 70% ethanol (80 degrees C, 4 hr), hydrochloric acid (0.1N, 1 hr), oven heating (120 and 140 degrees C, 40 min), sodium hydroxide (0.0025M, 1 hr), and 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (40 degrees C, 1 hr). High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of alpha-amylase-treated aqueous extracts was used to demonstrate the effects of treatments on the molecular weights of beta-glucans. The HPSEC system included multiple-angle, laser light scattering, refractive index, and fluorescence detectors. beta-Glucanase activities, ranging from 52 to 65 U/kg of barley, were reduced by autoclaving (50-75%), hot alcohol (67-76%), oven heating (40-96%), CaCl2 (75-95%), NaOH (76-89%), and TCA (92-96%). Some malt beta-glucanase activity remained after most treatments. HCl and TCA treatments reduced extraction and molecular weights of beta-glucans. Weight-average molecular weights (M-w) for beta-glucans extracted with water at 23 degrees C were low (most <8 x 10(5)). Base treatment (pH 9) and extraction at 100 degrees C for 2.5 hr resulted in the greatest extraction of beta-glucans and highest M-w. As a result, the conditions seem appropriate for measurement of physical characteristics of beta-glucans in cereal products. C1 ARS, Cereal Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Knuckles, BE (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.92 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900019 ER PT J AU Zhang, NY Jones, BL AF Zhang, NY Jones, BL TI Polymorphism of aspartic proteinases in resting and germinating barley seeds SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES; ENDOPEPTIDASE; GRAINS; WHEAT; LOCALIZATION; ACID AB Both resting and germinated barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Morex') contain aspartic endopeptidase activities, and the activities increase during germination. We have extracted and partially purified aspartic endopeptidases from both resting seeds and green malt (four-day germinated barley). Six aspartic proteinase activities were found in resting barley seeds while only four activities were detected in green malt. All of the aspartic proteinases had similar pH activity optima (pH 3.5-4.5) and pI values (approximate to 4.5). The purified green malt aspartic proteinases selectively digested a group of barley seed proteins, postulated to serve as defensive proteins, that are coded by the amylase-trypsin inhibitor super gene family. The aspartic proteinases that bound to a pepstatin A affinity column at pH 4.5 crossreacted with antiserum raised against aspartic proteinases purified from barley seed. However, those that did not bind the affinity column also did not cross-react with the antiserum, indicating that there are two distinct groups of aspartic proteases in germinating barley. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07036 USA. EM BLJONES@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.134 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900027 ER PT J AU Peterson, DM AF Peterson, DM TI Lipase activity and lipid metabolism during oat malting SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRAINS AB Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship, if any, between lipase activity and the metabolism of lipids during malting (germination) of oat (Avena sativa L.) seed. During the course of malting, concentration of the free fatty acid fraction increased markedly at the expense of me neutral lipid fraction (predominantly triacylglycerides), while the initially high lipase activity (most of which is located in the surface layers of the grains) decreased by approximate to 40%. The fatty acid compositions of total and neutral lipid fractions were stable during malting, but there were marked changes in the free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions. In a comparison among 12 hulled and hull-less genotypes, there were no significant regressions between the quantitative changes in lipid fractions and lipase activities. Brief treatments with chemicals or hot H2O that partially or completely inhibited lipase activity had various effects on subsequent quantitative changes in lipid fractions, but these changes were not consistent with the inhibitions in lipase activity observed. It was concluded that the degradation in triacylglycerides and increase in free fatty acids observed during oat malting were not controlled by the level of total lipase activity. Rather, it was suggested that oat may have another lipase present in the cells where the oil bodies are located that hydrolyzes triacylglycerides from the oil bodies during germination. Further research is needed to substantiate this hypothesis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53705 USA. ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Peterson, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM dmpeter4@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.1.159 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 161PD UT WOS:000078296900031 ER PT S AU McKeon, TA Lin, JT Stafford, AE AF McKeon, TA Lin, JT Stafford, AE BE Shahidi, F Kolodziejczyk, P Whitaker, JR Munguia, AL Fuller, G TI Biosynthesis of ricinoleate in castor oil SO CHEMICALS VIA HIGHER PLANT BIOENGINEERING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemicals via Higher Plant Bioengineering held at the 5th North American Chemical Congress CY NOV 11-15, 1997 CL CANCUN, MEXICO ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS; OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; FATTY-ACIDS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; SUBSTRATE; ENDOSPERM; 1-ACYL-2-OLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE AB Castor oil is 90% ricinoleate (12-hydroxyoleate) and has numerous industrial uses. Components of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) pose serious problems to processors. Other researchers have cloned the gene for the oleoyl hydroxylase, but transgenic plants produce only about 20% hydroxy fatty acid. To improve such transgenic substitutes for castor, we are using HPLC analysis of castor bean microsomal suspensions to follow the hydroxylase reaction and the movement of C-14-ricinoleate through phospholipid into triacylglycerol. Most labeled ricinoleate is rapidly removed from the phospholipid fraction as free fatty acid and incorporated into triacylglycerol, with triricinolein predominating. Elucidation of the basis for high incorporation of ricinoleate and exclusion of oleate from triacylglycerols will identify genes that can be used to engineer high ricinoleate production in transgenic plants. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46117-X J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1999 VL 464 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BP17H UT WOS:000084311700004 PM 10335384 ER PT S AU Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Robertson, GH BE Shahidi, F Kolodziejczyk, P Whitaker, JR Munguia, AL Fuller, G TI Combinatorial chemistry and its applications in agriculture and food SO CHEMICALS VIA HIGHER PLANT BIOENGINEERING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemicals via Higher Plant Bioengineering held at the 5th North American Chemical Congress CY NOV 11-15, 1997 CL CANCUN, MEXICO ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; MONOVALENT PHAGE DISPLAY; IN-VITRO SELECTION; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; RANDOM MUTAGENESIS; BINDING-PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENERAL-METHOD; AMINO-ACID; LIBRARIES AB Combinatorial chemistry has become a major focus of research activity in the pharmaceutical industry for development new therapeutic compounds. The same techniques could be potentially applied to benefit agricultural and food research. This article reviews the various procedures used in combinatorial chemistry, outlines some of the strengths and limitations of the various methods, and proposes potential areas in agriculture and food that could be benefited by this technology. These areas include developing new antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, and other additives, creating antigen-binding molecules for the detection or removal of food pathogens or toxicants, engineering food proteins and enzymes for specific functions, and modifying biosynthetic pathways for the production of novel natural products. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46117-X J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1999 VL 464 BP 91 EP 105 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BP17H UT WOS:000084311700008 PM 10335388 ER PT J AU Busscher, W Bauer, P Edwards, J Sadler, J AF Busscher, W Bauer, P Edwards, J Sadler, J TI Nitrogen leaching in paper-amended soil columns SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID BROILER LITTER; CARBON; IMPACT; CORN; MINERALIZATION; RESIDUES; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB In the southeastern United States, productivity of sandy, poorly structured soils could be improved by increasing organic matter content. Organic matter can be increased by adding waste paper with either nitrogen (N) fertilizer or poultry litter (PL) to adjust the carbon (C) to nitrogen ratio. Our objective was to compare N leached when ammonium nitrate (AN) or PL was added to 30-cm-deep, 20-cm-diameter soil columns amended with waste paper. We established soil columns with three treatments in the Ap horizon over three treatments in the E horizon in nine treatment combinations. No plants were grown. The Ap horizon treatments were AN plus waste paper, PL plus waste paper, and nothing added. Additions were balanced to a 20:1 C to N ratio. The E horizon treatments were waste paper mixed, waste paper on the column axis (not mixed), and nothing added. The experiment was run in 1993 and 1994. Columns were leached with 500 ml (1.5 cm) of deionized water two or three times a week. For both trials of the experiment, more N leached from AN plus paper (2.39 g) than from PL plus paper (0.36 g) or the nothing added (0.24 g) Ap treatments. This result reflects more N available for leaching from the AN treatment. Increased leaching of N can limit growth and deteriorate groundwater quality. In 1994, we measured 0.48, 0.30, and 0.97 g of N in the effluent from paper mixed, not mixed, and no paper added to the E horizon, respectively. Less N leached from columns with paper in the E horizon. For E horizons with paper, less leaching of N and higher N contents at the end of the experiment suggest that paper held some N preventing it from leaching. C1 ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. ARS, Soil Dynam Res Ctr, USDA, Auburn, AL 35831 USA. RP Busscher, W (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1080/00103629909370204 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 176ER UT WOS:000079138700001 ER PT J AU He, ZL Baligar, VC Martens, DC Ritchey, KD Elrashidi, MA AF He, ZL Baligar, VC Martens, DC Ritchey, KD Elrashidi, MA TI Relationship of ryegrass growth to extractable phosphorus in acidic soil amended with phosphate rock, coal combustion by-product, limestone, and cellulose SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LIMING MATERIALS; SUPERPHOSPHATE; DISSOLUTION; TESTS; LIME AB An improved management of phosphorus (P) is crucial for increasing crop production and improving environmental quality of acid infertile soils. Laboratory analyses and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (BP), limestone, and cellulose application on the relationship between soil test P and crop growth in acidic soil. Application of PR, BP, limestone, and cellulose increased soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and extractable P, and decreased free aluminum (Al) ion in the acid soil. Addition of BP or limestone increased P availability efficiency [PAE, mg dry matter yield (DMY) of plant per mg soil extractable P by Olsen-P procedure] and P utilization efficiency (PUE, mg DMY of plant per mg P in the plant). There was significant positive correlation between the PAE and BP rates applied alone (r(2)=0.979. p<0.01) or with either PR (r(2)=0.972, p<0.01) or PR plus cellulose (r(2)=0.985, p<0.01). The PUE of ryegrass was significantly correlated with BP rates alone (r(2)=0.957, p<0.01) or with either PR (r(2)=0.906, p<0.01) or PR plus limestone (r(2)=0.699). The increase in PAE and PUE of ryegrass caused by BP and limestone reflected more plant root growth from increased availability of Ca and Mg and higher soil pH. C1 Zhejiang Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Agr Chem, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. ARS, USDA, ASWCRL, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1080/00103629909370217 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 176ER UT WOS:000079138700014 ER PT J AU Indiati, R Neri, U Sharpley, AN Fernandes, ML AF Indiati, R Neri, U Sharpley, AN Fernandes, ML TI Extractability of added phosphorus in short-term equilibration tests of Portuguese soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; MEHLICH-3 AB As soil phosphorus (P) availability changes with soil type and time after fertilizer application, use of a P availability index, "F" (fraction of added P remaining available after a given lime), was evaluated for as Portuguese soils as a function of soil P extractant (Egner, Fe-oxide strip, Mehlich 3, and Olsen). The F index values, based on a short-term P recovery after a-h and 24-h soil-P equilibration periods, were related to longer term F values determined after a 90 day soil-P equilibration of soil and P (r=0.87 to 0.98; P<0.001). Soil sorption was related to F values (r=0.73 to 0.88; P<0.001). The results suggest that the 2-h and 24-h equilibration procedures could be used as a rapid prediction of P fertilizer availability in Portuguese soils widely ranging in P sorptivity. C1 Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, I-00184 Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Super Agron, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Indiati, R (reprint author), Ist Sperimentale Nutr Piante, Via Navicella 2, I-00184 Rome, Italy. OI Neri, Ulderico/0000-0002-3427-1269 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 13-14 BP 1807 EP 1818 DI 10.1080/00103629909370333 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 224ZU UT WOS:000081930800002 ER PT J AU Springer, G Wienhold, BJ Richardson, JL Disrud, LA AF Springer, G Wienhold, BJ Richardson, JL Disrud, LA TI Salinity and sodicity induced changes in dispersible clay and saturated hydraulic conductivity in sulfatic soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; MINERALOGY; STABILITY; ALFALFA; DAKOTA AB Irrigation is becoming a more commonly used practice on glacially derived soils of the Northern Great Plains. Threshold salinity and sodicity water quality criteria for soil-water compatibility in these sulfatic soils are not well defined. This study was conducted to relate soil salinity and sodicity to clay dispersion and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) in four representative soils. Soil salinity (EC treatment levels of 0.1 and 0.4 S m(-1)) and sodicity (SAR treatment levels of 3, 9, and 15) levels were established to produce a range of conditions similar to those that might be found under irrigation. The response of each soil to changes in salinity and sodicity was unique. In general, as sodicity increased clay dispersion also increase, but the magnitude of the increase varied among the soils. In two of the soils, clay dispersion across a range of sodicity levels was lower under the 0.4 S m(-1) treatment than under the 0.1 S m(-1) treatment and in the other two soils, clay dispersion across a range of sodicity levels was similar between the two salinity treatments. Changes in K-sat were greatest in the finer textured soil (decreasing an order of magnitude across the range of sodicity levels), but was unchanged in the coarse textured soils. Results suggest that these sulfatic soils are more susceptible to sodicity induced deterioration than chloridic soils. These results and earlier field observations suggest that sustainable irrigation may be limited to sites with a water source having a SAR <5 and an EC not exceeding 0.3 S m(-1) for these sulfatic glacially derived soils. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, SWCRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Springer, G (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Walster Hall, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 15-16 BP 2211 EP 2220 DI 10.1080/00103629909370366 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 239TH UT WOS:000082785400012 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Krupinsky, JM AF Wienhold, BJ Krupinsky, JM TI Chlorophyll meter as nitrogen management tool in malting barley SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; CORN; RICE AB Variable precipitation in many regions makes it difficult to predict yield goals and nitrogen (N) rates for malting grade barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). During years with below normal growing season precipitation, barley fertilized at the recommended rate often exhibits grain protein concentrations exceeding what is acceptable for malting. A study was conducted to evaluate the chlorophyll meter as a N management tool. Barley was grown under several N rates in the field. Chlorophyll meter readings and N additions were made at the Haun 4 to 5 growth stage, and grain yield and protein concentrations were evaluated at maturity. Chlorophyll meter readings, normalized as meter reading from treatment plot divided by that from a plot receiving a full N treatment at the Haun 4 to 5 growth stage, were correlated with grain yield (r(2)=0.67). Stands having normalized chlorophyll meter readings below 95% responded to N additions with yields equivalent to the fully fertilized stand and grain protein concentrations acceptable for malting. A N management strategy is proposed whereby 40 to 50% of the N calculated for the yield goal is applied at planting and a fully fertilized reference strip is included for each variety or soil type. At the Haun 4 to 5 growth stage, chlorophyll meter readings are taken in the reference strip and in the field. Normalized chlorophyll meter readings below 95% of the reference strip indicate a need for additional N fertilizer. This strategy will provide producers with additional time (up to a month) to evaluate growing season conditions before investing in additional crop inputs and will improve the likelihood that a barley crop acceptable for malting will be produced. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, SWCRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, SWCRU, 119 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 17-18 BP 2551 EP 2562 DI 10.1080/00103629909370394 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 247FP UT WOS:000083210700020 ER PT J AU Eghball, B AF Eghball, B TI Liming effects of beef cattle feedlot manure or compost SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Soil pH can be increased by manure or compost application because feed rations usually contain calcium carbonate. This study was conducted from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate effects of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)-based manure and compost application management strategies on soil pH level. Composted and uncomposted beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlot manure was applied to supply N or P needs of corn (Zea mays L.) for either a one- or two-year period. Phosphorus-based manure or compost treatments also received additional fertilizer N (ammonium nitrate) to provide fora total of 151-kg available N ha(-1) yr(-1). Fertilized and unfertilized checks also were included. Manure and composted manure contained about 9 g CaCO3 kg(-1) resulting in application rates of up to 1730 kg CaCO3 ha(-1) in 4 years. The surface soil (0-150 mm) pH was significantly decreased with ammonium nitrate application compared to soil in the unfertilized check or to soil receiving manure or compost. Soil pH was significantly increased with the N-based management strategy compared with the soil original level. In contrast, 4 yr of P-based manure and compost application strategy maintained soil pH at the original level. Nitrogen-based applications resulted in higher soil pH than P-based. Beef cattle feedlot manure and compost can be good sources of CaCO3 for soils requiring lime addition. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 19-20 BP 2563 EP 2570 DI 10.1080/00103629909370396 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 256VP UT WOS:000083747400001 ER PT J AU Reed, RL Sanderson, MA Allen, VG Matches, AG AF Reed, RL Sanderson, MA Allen, VG Matches, AG TI Growth and cadmium accumulation in selected switchgrass cultivars SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; SLUDGE AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has potential as a sustainable biofuel crop. Utilizing alternative sources of fertilizer nutrients could enhance production of switchgrass. However, alternative sources of fertilizer such as sewage sludge sometimes contain heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and the response of switchgrass to Cd is not known. Four switchgrass cultivars (Alamo, Blackwell, Cave-in-Rock, and Trailblazer) grown in sand culture were watered twice weekly with a nutrient solution containing Cd. Cadmium levels in solution were 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg Cd L-1. Plants were harvested 63 d after planting and separated into leaf blade, stem (culm + leaf sheath), and root components. Tissue Cd concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cultivars differed (P<0.05) by less than 15% for biomass accumulation and allocation among plant parts. Cadmium levels of 16 mg L-1 reduced biomass yields by 31% for roots, 39% for leaf blades, arid 47% for stems as compared to no added Cd. At 16 mg Cd L-1, Cd concentration in leaf blades was 9.9 mg kg(-1). The highest levels of Cd (329 mg kg(-1)) were found in roots of Blackwell and Trailblazer grown at the highest Cd level. Cadmium at 16 mg Cd L-1 is phytotoxic to switchgrass and accumulates in all plant parts. The cultivars tested in this study did not differ in biomass accumulation in response to Cd; however, Cd accumulation in plant parts differed among cultivars. Consideration of Cd uptake should be a part of switchgrass cultivar selection when grown in the presence of Cd. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Reed, RL (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, POB 2180, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 19-20 BP 2655 EP 2667 DI 10.1080/00103629909370403 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 256VP UT WOS:000083747400008 ER PT J AU Shen, SY Taylor, RW Bart, H Tu, SI AF Shen, SY Taylor, RW Bart, H Tu, SI TI Equilibrium and spectroscopic studies of lead retention in smectite SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPLEXATION AB Heavy metal pollution of soils and water is a serious environmental problem. Sorption onto solid surfaces from aqueous solutions is an important process influencing transport and accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Lead (Pb) sorption in smectite SWy-2 was investigated by equilibrium sorption studies, coupled with spectroscopic methods. The isotherm and pH-edge of lead sorption in the smectite were measured in batch experiments. The sorption isotherms under uncontrolled pH were best-fitted with the Langmuir equation, while those with a fixed pH 5.5 were best-fitted with the Freundlich equation. The pH-edge of lead sorption shifted to a higher pH as the Pb concentration increased. The ionic strength only affected Pb sorption in the low pH range. The effects of associated nitrate and perchlorate anions were significant only for the Pb sorption at high Pb concentration (>2 mM). FTIR and XRD spectroscopies were performed with oriented clay samples. In the infrared spectra, a peak with a maximum near 1398 cm(-1) and a shoulder centered near 1470 cm(-1) was significant for the samples treated with >1 mM Pb at pH >5.6. This peak may be composed of several IR bands, including an OH bending band from Pb hydroxides and CO32- stretching bands from Pb carbonates. The basal spacing of Pb-treated smectites increased with increasing Pb content in the clay and correlated well with the intensity of OH bending band (around 1621 cm(-1)) of adsorbed water. The increase of basal spacing at low pH (pH <3.3) was poorly correlated with the intensity of water OH bending band. The comprehensive studies provided many evidences for revealing the structure of various lead complexes on clay surfaces. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Anim Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. La Salle Univ, Dept Geol, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. RP Taylor, RW (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Anim Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 19-20 BP 2711 EP 2730 DI 10.1080/00103629909370407 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 256VP UT WOS:000083747400012 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Bauer, PJ AF Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Bauer, PJ TI Sample size influences estimation of cotton dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, and lint yield SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CULTIVAR; GROWTH; UPLAND AB Accurate estimates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) dry matter accumulation and nitrogen content are important for both production and environmental reasons. One of the important factors in estimate accuracy is sample size. The objective of this investigation was to determine the cotton sample size necessary for acceptable estimates of cotton dry matter, lint yield, and shoot N per 100 kg of lint ratio (NLR) values. Three cotton cultivars (DeltaPine 90, DeltaPine 5415, and Stoneville 474) were planted on 13 May 1997 in an Eunola loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludult) in 9.3-m(2) subplots of a split-split plot design. Split plots were four sampling dates. Split-split plots were four sampling techniques [a) four randomly selected plants (4RP), b) 0.3 meter of row (0.3-m), c) one meter of row (1-m), and d) two meters of row(2-m)]. Each entire subplot was harvested on each sampling date after sampling by the four techniques. Shoot dry matter for the whole plot was 7.2 Mg ha(-1), and lint yield was 1.46 Mg ha(-1). Cotton shoot dry matter and NLRs were significantly overestimated by both the 4RP and 0.3-m techniques, but not by the 1- and 2-m techniques. The NLRs of cultivar subplots varied with cultivar from 9.1 to 11.4. The earliest maturing cultivar, DeltaPine 90, had the lowest NLR and the latest maturing cultivar, Stoneville 474, had the highest NLR. Accurate estimates of cotton dry matter accumulation and N content will likely require 1-m samples, and 2-m samples should further improve precision. The NLRs were similar to data (NLR <15) that suggest 1.6 Mg ha(-1) (3-bale/acre) cotton lint yields can be achieved with less than 250 kg ha(-1) of shoot-accumulated N. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 19-20 BP 2801 EP 2810 DI 10.1080/00103629909370413 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 256VP UT WOS:000083747400018 ER PT J AU Smith, DE Blumberg, JB Lipman, RD AF Smith, DE Blumberg, JB Lipman, RD TI Improved survival rates in mice that received prophylactic fluids after carcinogen treatment SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY; 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZANTHRACENE; SUPPRESSOR; INDUCTION; DIETS AB During the development of a model for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary adenocarcinoma in mice, a high mortality rate was attributed to dehydration. Therefore, we compared the acute survival of mice given subcutaneous fluids prophylactically immediately following DMBA gavage to that of animals provided treatment only when clinical signs of dehydration were observed. Mortality in the prophylactically treated mice was 5% compared to 47% in animals treated only after the manifestation of dehydration. Prophylaxis with subcutaneous fluids significantly reduces mortality in DMBA-treated mice. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Smith, DE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 174PZ UT WOS:000079044700022 PM 12086460 ER PT S AU Whiting, RC Buchanan, RL AF Whiting, RC Buchanan, RL GP IIR IIR TI Predictive microbiology, HACCP and risk assessment SO COST 914- PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY APPLIED TO CHILLED FOOD PRESERVATION SE EUROPEAN COMMISSION - SCIENCE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT COST 914- Predictive Microbiology Applied to Chilled Food Preservation CY JUN 16-18, 1997 CL QUIMPER, FRANCE SP Int Inst Refrigerat, Commiss Food Sci & Technol ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; MODEL AB The intent of a hazard analysis, critical control point (HACCP) programme is to ensure the safety of a food. However, relating the in-plant processing parameters to the number of illnesses caused by that food requires a risk assessment (RA). RA. must consider the entire process, the adequacy of a processing step or critical control point can not be fully evaluated by itself. RA proceeds from the frequencies and numbers of pathogens in the raw ingredients, to changes in numbers during processing and storage, to the amount of food consumed, and to the probabilities of illness from consuming that serving. A "unit operations" approach is taken to the food process by assembling individual growth, survival, and thermal inactivation models. An example will demonstrate that a RA is a procedure for collecting, organizing and evaluating information. It does not necessarily provide a single answer, but provides an understanding of how the many factors interact to affect the risk to the consumer. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN COMMISSION PI LUXEMBOURG PA DIRECTORATE-GENERAL XIII, LUXEMBOURG L-2920, LUXEMBOURG SN 1018-5593 BN 92-828-5750-6 J9 EUR COMMISS SCI RES PY 1999 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Food Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Food Science & Technology GA BR51E UT WOS:000166689900012 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE Robertson, GH AF Pavlath, AE Robertson, GH TI Biodegradable polymers vs. recycling: What are the possibilities SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Central Europe-USA Workshop on Environmental Chemistry CY JUN 12-15, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Nat Sci Fdn, United nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org UNESCO, ACS Baltics & FSU Fund, Czech Chem Soc, CRC Press Merck, Prague & SciTech DE biodegradable polymers; recycling; petroleum polymers; agricultural biopolymers ID CHITOSAN AB Synthetic, petroleum-based polymer films are extremely stable and are commonly used in agriculture, food packaging, fast-food restaurants, and on military and commercial ships. However, their attractive stability is counterbalanced by two problems. One is that petroleum polymers contribute to the demand for expensive imported oil. The other is their great resistance to biodegradation. When disposed they constitute a serious problem with very negative environmental impact. For example, the most frequently used polyethylene film takes 200 years to biodegrade. On the other hand, the use of agricultural biopolymers that are easily biodegradable not only would solve these problems but would also provide a potential new use for surplus farm production. Unfortunately, films from agricultural polymers are initially inferior to synthetic polymers mostly because of their difficult moldability and poorer physicochemical properties. However, specifically modified acidic carbohydrates and proteins with disulfide bondings may produce attractive alternatives. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pavlath, AE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8347 J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1080/10408349891199400 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 241VN UT WOS:000082904700008 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Loper, JE AF Martin, FN Loper, JE TI Soilborne plant diseases caused by Pythium spp: Ecology, epidemiology, and prospects for biological control SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE soilborne plant diseases; Pythium spp; ecology; epidemiology; biological control; oospores; sporangia ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN; FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; BACILLUS-CEREUS UW85; SUGAR-BEET SEED; APHANOMYCES ROOT-ROT; ENHANCED ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; AGENT ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENT; INCREASED-GROWTH-RESPONSE AB Soilborne root diseases caused by plant pathogenic Pythium species cause serious losses in a number of agricultural production systems, which has led to a considerable effort devoted to the development of biological agents for disease control. In this article we review information on the ecology and biological control of these pathogens with the premise that a clear understanding of the ecology of the pathogen will assist in the development of efficacious biocontrol agents. The lifecycles of the pathogens and etiology of hose infection also are reviewed, as are epidemiological concepts of inoculum-disease relationships and the influence of environmental factors on pathogen aggressiveness and host susceptibility. A number of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents are discussed and parallels between their ecology and that of the target pathogens highlighted. The mechanisms by which these microbial agents suppress diseases caused by Pythium spp., such as interference with pathogen survival, disruption of the process of plant infection, and induced host resistance, are evaluated. The possibilities for enhancement of efficacy of specific biological control agents by genetic manipulation or deployment tactics are discussed, as are conceptual suggestions for consideration when developing screening programs for antagonists. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM fmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov; loperj@bcc.orst.edu NR 466 TC 198 Z9 207 U1 6 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 2 BP 111 EP 181 PG 71 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 182ZD UT WOS:000079527300001 ER PT J AU Blum, U Shafer, SR Lehman, ME AF Blum, U Shafer, SR Lehman, ME TI Evidence for inhibitory allelopathic interactions involving phenolic acids in field soils: Concepts vs. an experimental model SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE plant-microbe-soil systems; allelopathic interactions; phenolic acids; sorption; microbial utilization; rhizosphere; root uptake ID CUCUMBER LEAF EXPANSION; MICROBIAL METABOLIC PRODUCTS; GLORY SEEDLING BIOMASS; SPLIT-ROOT EXPERIMENTS; P-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC ACID; NUTRIENT CULTURE; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; WATER RELATIONS AB The accepted criteria for identifying allelopathic interactions in the field that have been proposed in the literature offer heuristic function, but to date have failed as a framework for research and diagnostics. If the present criteria are to be modified to make them useful empirically, their shortcomings must be identified. For this review, data from the Literature and from defined model systems consisting of plants, soil, and/or microbes are used to evaluate the applicability of the accepted criteria to defined systems in which plants are responding to known allelochemicals. Based on this evaluation, modified criteria are proposed. In many respects, however, the modified criteria are as difficult to satisfy in the field as those proposed previously. The new criteria have value as a research framework because they clearly suggest that a shift in research focus to the soil environment, specifically the barrier of the rhizosphere through which allelochemicals must pass, is essential if the role of allelopathic interactions in the field is to be established. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Longwood Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. RP Blum, U (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 135 TC 184 Z9 210 U1 3 U2 34 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 673 EP 693 DI 10.1080/07352689991309441 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241WE UT WOS:000082906200006 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Vogel, KP AF Casler, MD Vogel, KP TI Accomplishments and impact from breeding for increased forage nutritional value SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; LIGNIN CONCENTRATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; QUALITY; YIELD; ALFALFA; GENOTYPES; SELECTION; PROTEIN AB Despite considerable rhetoric, there were no serious efforts to improve genetically the nutritional value of forage crops until the 1960s when advances in analytical chemistry and rumen fermentation technology allowed breeders to adapt meaningful laboratory techniques for repeatably screening thousands of samples in a short time period. Genetic increases in some measure of digestibility, typically in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), have been documented in new cultivars of at least seven forage crops, including legumes, cool-season grasses, warm-season grasses, annuals, and perennials. The rate of gain for IVDMD ranges from 8 to 45 g kg(-1) cycle(-1), which, on a percentage basis (0.7-2.5% yr(-1)), is similar to long-term gains for grain yield of many cereal crops. In asexually propagated species, in which all genetic variance can be utilized in a single cycle of selection, gains as high as 11.8% cycle(-1) have been reported. Generally, gains in IVDMD are repeatable across a wide range of environments and management systems, including on-farm tests. Averaged across species, a 1% increase in IVDMD generally leads to a 3.2% increase in average daily gains of beef cattle (Bos taurus), Because increased IVDMD generally does not decrease forage yield per se, and sometimes occurs with increased forage yield, these gains also translate to improved beef production per hectare. The ability to document increased animal performance associated with breeding for increased Forage nutritional value can greatly enhance the value of a new cultivar to forage producers, which can lead to rapid adoption of new cultivars. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 53 TC 118 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300003 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Ralph, J Grabber, JH AF Hatfield, RD Ralph, J Grabber, JH TI Cell wall structural foundations: Molecular basis for improving forage digestibilities SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; SYNTHETIC LIGNIN; PARA-COUMAROYL; DDQ-OXIDATION; ACID BRIDGES; POLYSACCHARIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; INTERNODES AB Forages play an important role in the world wide animal industry. The fiber (cell wall) portion makes up 300 to 800 mu g g(-1) of forage dry matter and represents a major source of nutritional energy for ruminants, but, unfortunately, less than 50% of this fraction is readily digested and utilized by the animal. Significant progress has been made in the past 30 to 40 yr towards understanding cell wall structure and function and developing mechanistic models that explain limitations to structural polysaccharide degradation and utilization by ruminants, In grasses, it is now clear that wall bound ferulates play a key role in cross-linking xylans to each other and to lignin, resulting in less degradable walls. Much has been accomplished in advancing our understanding of the lignification process in plants, particularly the genes and enzymes involved in the monolignol biosynthesis. The application of molecular techniques to this area has advanced our under standing of the metabolic process while pro riding tools for further exploration of wall structure and function and providing direction as to possible avenues to improve forage digestibility. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rdhatfie@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 71 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300005 ER PT J AU Marquez-Ortiz, JJ Lamb, JFS Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Stucker, RE AF Marquez-Ortiz, JJ Lamb, JFS Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Stucker, RE TI Heritability of crown traits in alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; ROOT AB The crown is the transitional structure connecting the shoots and roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and is associated with the persistence and productivity of the crop. Information on the inheritance of alfalfa crown morphological traits could facilitate the genetic modification of crown morphology. Our objectives were to estimate heritability of five crown traits and to determine the effect of plant spacing and location on the expression of crown traits. Progenies from design ii matings and diallels Here evaluated at two Minnesota locations. In October 1991, plants were dug and evaluated for crown depth, crown width, number of crown stems, crown stem width, and number of crown buds. Plant-spacing effects were determined by evaluating single plants at the ends of the plot separately from plants in the middle. Progenies responded similarly to the extra growing space at the ends of the plots. General combining ability (GCA) effects were important for determining heritability for crown stem width, while both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) were important for crown width and number of crown stems. Heritability estimates for these crown traits ranged from 22 to 80%. No or few genetic effects were found for number of crown buds and crown depth, Results suggest that selection programs for crown stem width and number of crown stems with uniform plant spacing in one location would be successful. Selection programs for crown width may have limited success, and selection for number of crown buds and crown depth would not be effective. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. INIFAP CELALA, Torreon 27000, Coahuila, Mexico. Cal W Seeds, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300006 ER PT J AU Ilarslan, H Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Ilarslan, H Horner, HT Palmer, RG TI Genetics and cytology of a new male-sterile, female-fertile soybean mutant SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; REGISTRATION AB Mutants affecting male sterility have potential applications in breeding methodology studies and for commercialization of hybrids. Male-sterile, female-fertile soybean [Glycine max (L,) Merr.] plants were observed in an F-2 entry. Our objectives were to determine the inheritance, linkage, and allelism of the A91-JB-124 male-sterile, female-fertile mutant, and to conduct a detailed comparative microscopic study of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of fertile and sterile plants. The A94-JB-124 male-sterile, female-fertile mutant is a single recessive gene, allelic to ms6, and is linked to the W1 (flower color locus) with 4.3 +/- 0.3% recombination value based on 988 F-2 plants in the coupling linkage phase. A comparative microscopic study of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of fertile and sterile plants was conducted. The expression of the male-sterile gene is associated with rapid degenerative changes both in the tapetum and the parietal layer, These changes are initiated at the late sporogenous mass stage. The A91-JB-124 mutant a as assigned gene symbol Ms6 ms6 (Ames 2) and Genetic Type Collection number T354H. The T295H Ms6 ms6 mutant is non designated Ms6 ms6 (Ames 1), T354H will be useful in the Cosegregation Method to produce hybrid soybean seed. C1 ARS, USDA, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ankara Univ, Dept Biol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300009 ER PT J AU Abedon, BG Darrah, LL Tracy, WF AF Abedon, BG Darrah, LL Tracy, WF TI Developmental changes associated with divergent selection for rind penetrometer resistance in the MoSCSSS maize synthetic SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; STALK CRUSHING STRENGTH; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; RECURRENT SELECTION; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; PHASE-CHANGE; POPULATIONS; TRAITS; PLANTS; YIELD AB Rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) has been used to select indirectly for stalk lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.). Breeding for stalk lodging resistance would be facilitated by a better understanding of developmental mechanisms affecting RPR. Vegetative development can be divided into juvenile-vegetative and adult-vegetative phases. Vegetative phase change occurs when juvenile-vegetative traits are replaced by adult-vegetative traits. The objective of this study was to determine indirect responses In the timing of vegetative phase change and other developmental traits in nine cycles of S-0 phenotypic divergent selection for RPR in Missouri Second Cycle Stiff Stalk Synthetic (MoSCSSS). In the high direction of selection, vegetative phase change occurred at lower nodes while ear leaf number and total Leaf number decreased. In the low direction of selection, vegetative phase change was delayed to higher nodes while ear leaf number and total leaf number increased. In both directions of selection, plant height was reduced and flowering occurred earlier. The timing of vegetative phase change may be a factor in determining the level of RPR and stalk lodging resistance. Alternatively, modifiers may exist in MoSCSSS that coordinately regulate vegetative phase change with traits, such as ear leaf number, that are directly affected by selection for RPR. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Tracy, WF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300017 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Kieckhefer, RW Haley, SD Langham, MAC Evenson, PD AF Riedell, WE Kieckhefer, RW Haley, SD Langham, MAC Evenson, PD TI Winter wheat responses to bird cherry-oat aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus infection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI L; CEREAL APHIDS; YIELD LOSSES; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; GROWTH; GRAINS AB Grain yield loss caused by bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L,) infestation and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection mag result from direct damage to the winter wheat( Triticum aestivum L,) crop as well as from reduced crop tolerance to stress environments, This greenhouse study measured the effects of R. padi infestation, BYDV infection, or a combination of R. padi plus BYDV on plant height, date of anthesis, yield, and yield components of four winter wheat varieties ('Roughrider', 'Norstar', 'TAM 107', and 'Vona') in the absence of additional environmental stresses. Treatments Here applied at the two-leaf growth stage. Early in the pre-vernalization growth period, R. padi treatment (alone or in combination with BYDV) reduced plant height to about 55 to 60% of the control plant height while BYDV treated plants were about 90% of control. During the post-vernalization growth period, plant heights attained about 90% of control in the R. padi treatment, to about 80% of control in the BYDV treatment and to about 70% of control in the R, padi + BYDV treatment. Dates of anthesis Here later in the R, padi + BYDV treatments than in the R. padi treatments for Norstar, Roughrider, and Vona but not for TAM 107, Individual kernel Heights in the BYDV and R. padi + BYDV treatments were less than control or R, padi treatments for Norstar, TAM 107, and Vona but not for Roughrider. Control or R. padi-treated plants had a greater number of fertile heads than plants given the BYDV or R. padi + BYDV treatments. Grain yield was strongly associated with kernel number per plant, The number of kernels per plant was reduced 19% by the R. padi treatment, 36% by the BYDV treatment, and 50% by the R. padi + BYDV treatment. Grain yield was reduced 21% by the R. padi treatment, 46% by the BYDV treatment, and 58% by the R. padi + BYDV treatment. With the exception of date of anthesis and individual kernel weight, there Here no significant treatment by variety interactions for plant height, grain yield, and yield components. We conclude that R, padi infestation and BYDV infection caused significant yield reductions and that the varieties tested had little difference in their responses to these treatments in the absence of additional environmental stress. C1 ARS, USDA, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM wriedell@ngirl.ars.usda.gov RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300025 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ AF Kasperbauer, MJ TI Cotton seedling root growth responses to light reflected to the shoots from straw-covered versus bare soil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FAR-RED LIGHT; PHYTOCHROME; PLANTS; TILLAGE; LEAVES; WHEAT; FIELD; END AB Poor seedling establishment can severely impact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when grown in a double-crop sequence following wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). My objective was to determine whether the Light spectrum reflected from wheat straw to the cotton seedlings could be a contributing factor. Cotton was planted in 3 L pots of loamy sand which Has screened to remove old plant residue. Pots were arranged in groups of five and covered with 122- by 122- by 2- cm polystyrene foam insulation panels which had 5-cm holes centered over each pot. Panels were covered with Fresh wheat straw, weathered straw, or bare soil so that different far-red to red (FR/ R) light ratios were reflected, Insulation maintained the same soil temperature (+/- 0.5) in all pots regardless of surface cover. Each pot was thinned to a single seedling that emerged on the same day. Leaf area and stem length were measured on seedlings cut at the soil surface 1 wk after emergence. Roots were washed free of soil, spread on paper, covered with transparent plastic and photocopied. Root lengths were measured on the photocopies. Stems, leaves, and roots from each plant were dried and weighed. The fresh wheat straw reflected the highest FR/R ratio and resulted in seedlings with the least root length, lowest root weight, longest stems, and lowest root/ shout weight ratio. This 2-yr glasshouse study shows that the spectral environment over fresh straw can contribute to modified seedling morphology and suggests that it should be considered when developing management practices fur no-till double-crop cotton. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 164 EP 167 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300026 ER PT J AU Udall, JA Souza, E Anderson, J Sorrells, ME Zemetra, RS AF Udall, JA Souza, E Anderson, J Sorrells, ME Zemetra, RS TI Quantitative trait loci for flour viscosity in winter wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMMON WHEAT; STARCH; NOODLE; QUALITY; PROTEIN AB Starch paste viscosity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour is predictive of wheat quality in some styles of oriental noodles. We mapped quantitative genetic variation for flour paste viscosity in the recombinant inbred (RI) population of 78 lines derived from the cross NY6432-18/'Clark's Cream'. The population was evaluated for three seasons in Aberdeen, ID, and one season at Moscow. ID, and Ithaca, NY. We identified nine restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (Xbcd1086, Xbcd1307, Xbcd135c, Xbcd18, Xbcd402, Xbcd198, Xcdo456, Xcdo678, and Xcdo718) that Here associated with significant differences (P < 0.01) in starch viscosity among the RI lines at two or more locations. The RFLP markers Xbcd1307, Xbcd135c, and Xbcd18c had the largest effects across all five environments; they were each associated with an approximate 7% increase in flour viscosity averaged across all RI lines and environments. Starch viscosity can be increased by mutations to the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) gene of wheat. However, this mapping population is not segregating for GBSS mutations. Therefore, the quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in this research could likely be combined with the qualitative mutations that are known in other genotypes. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Souza, E (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soils & Entomol Sci, POB AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM esouza@uidaho.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300036 ER PT J AU Franco, J Crossa, J Villasenor, J Castillo, A Taba, S Eberhart, SA AF Franco, J Crossa, J Villasenor, J Castillo, A Taba, S Eberhart, SA TI A two-stage, three-way method for classifying genetic resources in multiple environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACCESSIONS AB Cluster analysis is commonly used when gene bank accessions are evaluated in different environments and several continuous and categorical attributes are measured. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a two-stage classification strategy for three-way data (accession x attribute x environment) using the Modified Location Model (MLM) with categorical and continuous variables and (ii) to assess this approach for classifying observations of one simulated data set (with known structure) and two experimental data sets consisting of multi-attribute, multi-site field trials of Caribbean and Conico accessions of maize (Zea mays L.). Clusters were compared including and excluding the categorical variables. Results from the simulated data showed good recovery of the group structure and a balanced effect of both categorical and continuous variables on the classification. The two-stage, three-way MLM method formed well-defined groups of accessions and characterized them based on the continuous as well as the categorical variables. As expected, groups formed using only continuous variables showed no clear response patterns concerning the categorical variables; however, those formed using both types of variables had clear response patterns with respect to each type. Furthermore, groups of Caribbean accessions showed clear association with geographical origin. The MLM model should be useful for classifying genetic resources evaluated in multi-environment trials into homogeneous groups with the objective of forming core subsets. When a large number of categorical variables are combined across environments, the RILM may not improve the initial classification obtained from hierarchical clustering strategy. C1 CIMMYT, Biometr & Stat Unit, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Colegio Postgrad, Programa Estadist, Montecillo, Mexico. CIMMYT, Maize Genet Resources Unit, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Crossa, J (reprint author), CIMMYT, Biometr & Stat Unit, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Lisboa 27,Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300040 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Pedersen, JF Masterson, SD Toy, JJ AF Vogel, KP Pedersen, JF Masterson, SD Toy, JJ TI Evaluation of a filter bag system for NDF, ADF, and IVDMD forage analysis SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A new method of determining in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was recently developed in which the digestion is conducted with the forage samples in filter bags. Our objective was to compare the filter bag and conventional IVDMD analysis methods using smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss,), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L,), and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] samples. In addition, the filter bag analysis systems for determining non-sequential neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF), respectively, were compared with the non-sequential conventional analysis systems. In the filter bag systems, the forage samples are sealed in filter bags and the analyses are conducted on a batch basis rather than on an individual basis as in the conventional IVDMD and fiber analysis procedures. The filter bag analysis methods produced results similar to the conventional methods and ranked the forage samples in the same relative order. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Grassland Studies, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall,POB 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 9 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 1 U2 24 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 276 EP 279 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300042 ER PT J AU Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL AF Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL TI Registration of 'Blaze' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300044 ER PT J AU Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL AF Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL TI Registration of 'Rodeo' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300045 ER PT J AU Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL AF Kolb, FL Smith, NJ Brown, CM Domier, LL TI Registration of 'Chaps' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300046 ER PT J AU Bruckner, PL Johnson, JW Burton, GW Gates, RN Barnett, RD Hill, GM AF Bruckner, PL Johnson, JW Burton, GW Gates, RN Barnett, RD Hill, GM TI Registration of 'Wrens 96' rye SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Agron, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, FREC, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Stn, Dept Anim Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300047 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Kodiak' pinto bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300057 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Chinook 2000' light red kidney bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300058 ER PT J AU Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF AF Burton, JW Carter, TE Wilson, RF TI Registration of 'Prolina' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; PROTEIN C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 294 EP 295 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300060 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Beluga' alubia bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300059 ER PT J AU Saunders, JW McGrath, JM Halloin, JM Theurer, JC AF Saunders, JW McGrath, JM Halloin, JM Theurer, JC TI Registration of SR94 sugarbeet germplasm with smooth root SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Saunders, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 297 EP 297 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300064 ER PT J AU Panella, L AF Panella, L TI Registration of FC709-2 and FC727 sugarbeet germplasms resistant to Rhizoctonia root rot and Cercospora leaf spot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300065 ER PT J AU Ray, DT Dierig, DA Thompson, AE Coffelt, TA AF Ray, DT Dierig, DA Thompson, AE Coffelt, TA TI Registration of six guayule germplasms with high yielding ability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Bioresources Res Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Ray, DT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 3 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 300 EP 300 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300067 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ AF Miller, JF Gulya, TJ TI Registration of eight sclerotinia-tolerant sunflower germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300069 ER PT J AU Thompson, JA Amdor, PJ Nelson, RL AF Thompson, JA Amdor, PJ Nelson, RL TI Registration of LG90-2550 and LG91-7350R soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 302 EP 303 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300070 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Legendre, BL White, WH Miller, JD AF Burner, DM Legendre, BL White, WH Miller, JD TI Registration of seven multiple-bud genetic stocks of sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70361 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Prod Res Unit, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300072 ER PT J AU Burner, DM AF Burner, DM TI Registration of Dwarf1 sugarcane genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300073 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Vick, BA TI Registration of three low palmitic acid and five low stearic acid sunflower genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300074 ER PT J AU Miller, FR Dahlberg, JA Morgan, PW AF Miller, FR Dahlberg, JA Morgan, PW TI Registration of A(3)/B-3 cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile sorghum maturity and height parental lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Morgan, PW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 306 EP 307 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 169KP UT WOS:000078747300075 ER PT J AU Leopold, RA Atkinson, PW AF Leopold, RA Atkinson, PW TI Cryopreservation of sheep blow fly embryos, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera : calliphoridae) SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; insect; embryos; vitrification; cryoprotectant toxicity ID DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; CHILLING INJURY AB A protocol developed for cryopreservation of Drosophila melanogaster embryos was tested for suitability for storage of Lucilia cuprina embryos. The method was not directly applicable for use with this insect. Modifications of the protocol, such as embryo culture and handling, cryoprotectant loading and unloading resulted in low numbers of larvae recovered after liquid nitrogen exposure. Dehydration in the vitrification solution was found to be the critical step causing the greatest mortality. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 262MV UT WOS:000084071800006 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH TI Distribution of plasmid-borne stress protein genes in Streptococcus thermophilus and other lactic acid bacteria SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; SUBSP-LACTIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DNA; THERMOTOLERANCE; REGION AB The presence of heat stress protein genes (hsp) was tested by Southern hybridization analysis in total DNA extracts from species of the genus Streptococcus (47 strains), Lactobacillus (34 strains), Lactococcus (24 strains), and Leuconostoc (5 strains). The biotinylated hsp16.4 probe prepared from an ORF2 fragment of pER341 (2.8 kb) tested positively with restricted DNA extracts of seven Streptococcus thermophilus strains and a single strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. In all positive S. thermophilus strains, the hsp was located on plasmids ranging from ca. 2.8 kb to II kb in size, while hsp was present in a 7.5-kb plasmid in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Southern blots with a rep probe showed that all hsp16.4(+) plasmids in S. thermophilus strains also shared homology with the replication function (rep) of pER341, suggesting the common origin of these plasmids. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1007/PL00006770 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 148HL UT WOS:000077499200008 PM 9841781 ER PT J AU Antoniou, E Womack, JE Grosz, MD AF Antoniou, E Womack, JE Grosz, MD TI Synteny mapping of five human chromosome 7 genes on bovine chromosomes 4 and 21 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVED SYNTENY; CATTLE; SUBUNIT; EXPRESSION; SEGMENTS; SEQUENCE; LINKAGE; CLONING; MOUSE; CDNA AB Five genes on human chromosome 7 (HSA 7) were assigned to bovine chromosome 21 (BTA 21)and 4 (BTA 4) using a bovine-rodent somatic hybrid cell panel. These five genes were alpha-I subunit of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein (GNAI1), alpha/beta preprotachykinin (TAC1), reelin (RELN), c-AMP dependant protein kinase type II beta regulatory chain (PRKAR2B) and apolipoprotein A1 regulatory protein 1 (TFCOUP2). Four genes mapped to BTA 4 (GNAI1, TAC1, RELN, PRKAR2B) while one gene mapped to BTA 21 (TFCOUP2). This study confirms the synteny conservation between HSA 7 and BTA 4, finely maps the breakpoints of conserved synteny on HSA 7 and defines a new synteny conservation between HSA 7 and BTA 21. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. RP Antoniou, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Route 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1159/000015236 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 195RY UT WOS:000080266200033 PM 10343125 ER PT J AU Lopez-Corrales, NL Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA AF Lopez-Corrales, NL Beattie, CW Rohrer, GA TI Cytogenetic assignment of 53 microsatellites from the USDA-MARC porcine genetic map SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CELL HYBRID PANEL; PIG SUS SCROFA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; LINKAGE MAP; CLONES AB This study provides 53 new fluorescent in situ hybridization cytogenetic assignments for microsatellite markers linked on the swine genetic map. Forty microsatellites are physically assigned for the first time. The chromosomal locations of eight markers were either confirmed or refined, while five loci were assigned to locations different from those given in previous reports. Markers were selected to provide physical anchors based on their presumed proximity to centromeres or telomeres and at approximately 30 cM intervals across the genetic map. The number of physical anchors for pig (SSC) chromosomes 8, 15, and 18 linkage groups was significantly improved. Centromeric regions were localized to areas less than 10 cM. for SSC 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Although the recombination rate was generally higher across small biarmed chromosomes and lowest for large acrocentric chromosomes, two regions with particularly low (1q2.1 --> q2.9 and 13q2.3 --> q4.1) and three regions with extremely high (5p1.5-->p1.2, 6p1.4-->p1.3, and 12p1.5 --> p1.4) rates of recombination were detected. These assignments represent an overall 10% increase in the number of physically assigned markers in Sus scrofa and more than a 20% increase in the number of Type II loci assigned to the pig cytogenetic map. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1159/000015241 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 195RY UT WOS:000080266200038 PM 10343130 ER PT J AU Lopez-Corrales, NL Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL AF Lopez-Corrales, NL Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL TI Physical mapping of the bovine, caprine and ovine homologues of the paired box gene PAX8 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CATTLE; SHEEP; GOAT; WT1 AB The PAX8 gene, a member of the human paired box gene family, was mapped by FISH to chromosome 11 in cattle and goat and to the short arm of chromosome 3 in sheep. The cytogenetic position of PAX8 on BTA 11 and on its homologue OAR 3p lies in the region where the interleukin beta (IL1B) gene has been previously located, (BTA 11q22.1-->q22.3 and OAR 3p25-->q26 respectively; Lopez-Corrales et al., 1998). The results indicated that PAX8 as well as interleukin beta and interleukin alpha (IL1B and IL1A) genes detected on the human chromosome segment HSA 2q13-->q21 maintain a similar order and location in these three related species. In addition, the breakpoint in conserved synteny can now be narrowed to a position between the protein C (PROC) and PAX8 genes, which lie in close proximity on HSA 2. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 181 DI 10.1159/000015250 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 212AX UT WOS:000081195000009 PM 10393423 ER PT J AU Foster, T Veit, B Hake, S AF Foster, T Veit, B Hake, S TI Mosaic analysis of the dominant mutant, Gnarley1-R, reveals distinct lateral and transverse signaling pathways during maize leaf development SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE maize; leaf; mosaic; Gnarley1 (Gn1) ID ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; HOMEOBOX GENES; LEAVES; MORPHOGENESIS; KNOTTED-1; GENETICS; PATTERNS; LINEAGE; PLANTS AB Maize leaves are organized into two major domains along the proximal-distal axis: a broad flat blade at the distal end of the leaf, and a narrow, thickened sheath that encircles the stem. Between the blade and sheath are two wedge-shaped tissues called auricles, and the ligule, an epidermally derived fringe. Members of the Knotted1 (Kn1) family of mutations change the shape and position of both ligule and auricle, thus disturbing the overall pattern of the leaf. Here we present the results of a mosaic analysis of Gnarley1-R (GIII-R), which like members of the Kn1 family, affects the ligule and auricle, Gn1-R is distinct, however, in altering the dimensions of cells that make up sheath tissue. To gain insight into the Gn1-R phenotype, we performed a mosaic analysis using X-ray induced chromosome Gn1-R leaves. These sectors allowed us to whether Gn1-R acts non-autonomously to influence adjacent cells. Most aspects of the Gn1-R phenotype, such as ligule position, inhibition of auricle development, and sheath thickness showed autonomy in the lateral dimension (leaf width). In contrast, all aspects of the Gn1-R phenotype were non-autonomous in the transverse dimension (leaf thickness), suggesting that signaling occurs between cell layers in the leaf. These results support a model for distinct signaling pathways along lateral versus transverse axes of a developing leaf. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Mol Biosci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI foster, toshi/A-6373-2017 OI foster, toshi/0000-0002-2829-4384 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 4 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JAN PY 1999 VL 126 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 167BR UT WOS:000078613200010 PM 9847244 ER PT J AU Jackson, D Hake, S AF Jackson, D Hake, S TI Control of phyllotaxy in maize by the abphyl1 gene SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Zea maize; phyllotaxy; abphyll (abph1); meristem; shoot development ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; LEAF PRIMORDIA; ARABIDOPSIS; PATTERN; MUTATIONS; CLAVATA1; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; REGULATOR; KNOTTED1 AB Organogenesis in plants occurs at the shoot apical meristem, a group of indeterminate stem cells that are organized during embryogenesis, Regulated initiation of leaves or flowers from the shoot meristem gives rise to the familiar geometric patterns observed throughout the plant kingdom, The mechanism by which these patterns, termed phyllotaxies, are generated, remains unclear. Maize plants initiate leaves singly, alternating from one side to the other in a regular pattern. Here we describe a recessive maize mutant, abphyl1, that initiates leaves in opposite pairs, in a pattern termed decussate phyllotaxy, The decussate shoot meristems are larger than normal throughout development, though the general structure and organization of the meristem is not altered. abph1 mutants are first distinguished during embryogenesis, prior to true leaf initiation, by a larger shoot meristem and coincident larger expression domain of the homeobox gene knotted1, Therefore, the abph1 gene regulates morphogenesis in the embryo, and plays a role in determining the phyllotaxy of the shoot. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Jackson, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. NR 47 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JAN PY 1999 VL 126 IS 2 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 167BR UT WOS:000078613200011 PM 9847245 ER PT J AU Chiang, C Swan, RZ Grachtchouk, M Bolinger, M Ying, LTT Robertson, EK Cooper, MK Gaffield, W Westphal, H Beachy, PA Dlugosz, AA AF Chiang, C Swan, RZ Grachtchouk, M Bolinger, M Ying, LTT Robertson, EK Cooper, MK Gaffield, W Westphal, H Beachy, PA Dlugosz, AA TI Essential role for Sonic hedgehog during hair follicle morphogenesis SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hair follicle; Sonic hedgehog; morphogenesis; cyclopamine; vibrissae ID GENE-EXPRESSION; STEM-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HUMAN HOMOLOG; NEURAL-TUBE; MOUSE; SKIN; KERATINS; GROWTH; CYCLE AB The hair follicle is a source of epithelial stem cells and site of origin for several types of skin tumors. Although it is clear that follicles arise by way of a series of inductive tissue interactions, identification of the signaling molecules driving this process remains a major challenge in skin biology. In this study we report an obligatory role for the secreted morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) during hair follicle development. Hair germs comprising epidermal placodes and associated dermal condensates were detected in both control and Shh -/- embryos, but progression through subsequent stages of follicle development was blocked in mutant skin. The expression of Gli1 and Ptc1 was reduced in Shh -/- dermal condensates and they failed to evolve into hair follicle papillae, suggesting that the adjacent mesenchyme is a critical target for placode-derived Shh. Despite the profound inhibition of hair follicle morphogenesis, late-stage follicle differentiation markers were detected in Shh -/- skin grafts, as well as cultured vibrissa explants treated with cyclopamine to block Shh signaling. Our findings reveal an essential role for Shh during hair follicle morphogenesis, where it is required for normal advancement beyond the hair germ stage of development. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NIH, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Dermatol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIH, Basic Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dlugosz, AA (reprint author), 3310 CCGC,Box 0932,1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dlugosza@umich.edu NR 50 TC 343 Z9 347 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 205 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/dbio.1998.9103 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 162VN UT WOS:000078367800001 PM 9882493 ER PT S AU Illman, B Dowd, B AF Illman, B Dowd, B BE Bonse, U TI High resolution microtomography for density and spatial information about wood structures SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography II CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE microtomography; synchrotron x-ray tomography; wood AB Microtomography has successfully been used to characterize loss of structural integrity of wood. Tomographic images were generated with the newly developed third generation x-ray computed microtomography (XCMT) instrument at the X27A beamline at the national Synchrotron Light source (NSLS). The beamline is equipped with high-flux x-ray monochromator based on multilayer optics developed for this application. The sample is mounted on a translation stage with which to center the sample rotation, a rotation stage to perform the rotation during data collection and a motorized goniometer head far small alignment motions. The absorption image is recorded by a single-crystal scintillator, an optical microscope and a cooled CCD array detector. Data reconstruction has provided three-dimensional geometry of the heterogeneous wood matrix in microtomographic images. Wood is a heterogeneous material composed of long lignocellulose vessels. Although wood is a strong natural product, fungi have evolved chemical systems that weaken the strength properties of wood by degrading structural vessels. Tomographic images with a resolution of three microns were obtained nonintrusively to characterize the compromised structural integrity of wood. Computational tools developed by Lindquist et al (1996) applied to characterize the microstructure of the tomographic volumes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, FS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Illman, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, FS, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3258-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3772 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.363722 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN88D UT WOS:000083314300020 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Huntington, JB Akers, RM Wood, DL Bitman, J AF Lefcourt, AM Huntington, JB Akers, RM Wood, DL Bitman, J TI Circadian and ultradian rhythms of body temperature and peripheral concentrations of insulin and nitrogen in lactating dairy cows SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; GROWTH-HORMONE; PLASMA-INSULIN; MILK UREA; BLOOD; GLUCOSE; SYSTEM; SERUM AB To investigate possible circadian and ultradian periodicities for peripheral insulin and urea in lactating dairy cows, integrated 15-min blood samples were taken sequentially over 48 hr from six cows. In addition, radiotelemetry measurements of body temperature were averaged over the same 15-min periods. Cows were housed in an environmental chamber at 19 degrees C with lights on 0700 to 2300 hr; fed daily at 0900 hr; and milked at 0800 and 2000 hr. For five of the six cows, body temperature showed a circadian rhythm peaking at 2323 hr with an amplitude of 0.34 degrees C. For the sixth-cow, body temperature was 180 degrees out-of-phase, peaking at 1230 hr with an amplitude of 0.12 degrees C. Circadian rhythms for insulin and urea were consistent for all six cows peaking at 1743 hr with an amplitude of 0.74 ng/ml for insulin and at 1034 hr with an amplitude of 3.83 mM for urea. Body temperature and insulin also displayed episodic increases that often exceeded the amplitudes of circadian rhythms. For body temperature, a broad increase in spectral power was seen for periods between 100 and 175 min; time intervals between peaks averaged around 100 min. For insulin, power spectra for individual cows universally indicated rhythms with periods of approximately 45 and 80 min; time intervals between peaks averaged approximately 65 min. For urea, almost all spectral energy was confined to the 24-hr rhythm, although there was evidence of a low-amplitude, 60-min rhythm. In conclusion, when animals are acclimated to a rigidly controlled environment and frequent blood sampling is accomplished with minimal intervention, it is possible to detect rhythms inherent in the regulation of metabolic variables. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1999. C1 USDA ARS, NCML, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCML, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Bldg 200 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(98)00047-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 164UT UT WOS:000078482500005 PM 10081662 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Simpson, WT AF Liu, JY Simpson, WT TI Two-stage moisture diffusion in wood with constant transport coefficients SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desorption; diffusion coefficient; diffusion equation; surface emission coefficient; wood ID SURFACE EMISSION AB To determine whether transport coefficients in desorption curves for northern red oak are constant, four sets of desorption data were compared against previously established mathematical conditions for infinite-series solution of the non-steady-state diffusion equation. For each data set, when moisture fraction in wood is above a certain value, designated as the first stage, these conditions are satisfied, with the diffusion and surface emission coefficients being positive and finite; below that value, designated as the second stage, these conditions are still satisfied, with the diffusion coefficient taking a smaller positive value but the surface emission coefficient becoming negative and finite. Mathematically, these two pairs of transport coefficients can be used to predict the whole diffusion curve that describes the variation of moisture fraction with time. However, the negative surface emission coefficient in the second stage of the desorption process implies that the moisture gradient has cut the surface at a point below the equilibrium moisture content, which is physically impossible. Alternatively, the second stage can be considered as a new stage with moisture fraction values normalized with respect to the lowest value in the first stage, which is also the starting point of the second stage. The transport coefficents are obtained in the same manner as in the first stage and are found to be positive and finite. The two pairs of transport coefficients can describe the diffusion curve with high accuracy. However, the assumption used in the second stage is that the initial moisture content in wood is uniform, which again is physically impossible. We therefore conclude that the transport coefficients for northern red oak are not constant. Although the two-stage approaches presented in this study can predict the diffusion curves accurately, their physical interaction is difficult to justify. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 269 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 167AW UT WOS:000078611300015 ER PT J AU Ertas, A Firenza, S Tanju, BT Cuvalci, O Maxwell, TT Schubert, M Henning, R Butts, C AF Ertas, A Firenza, S Tanju, BT Cuvalci, O Maxwell, TT Schubert, M Henning, R Butts, C TI Design and development of a new peanut curing process for West Texas SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE curing process; peanut quality testing ID LIQUID-DESICCANT SYSTEM AB Peanut quality is a major concern in ail phases of the peanut industry from production to manufacturing. Postharvest processing of peanuts can have profound effects on the quality and safety of peanut food products. Curing is a key step in postharvest processing. Curing peanuts improperly can significantly reduce quality, and result in significant losses to both farmers and processors. The conventional drying system designed in the 1960's is still being used in the processing of the peanuts today (Figure 1). The objectives of this paper is to design and develop a new peanut curing process for West Texas. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Lubbock, TX USA. DeLeon Peanut Co, Lamesa, TX USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Ertas, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Makina, KTU/K-7182-2012 OI Makina, KTU/0000-0003-0130-0876 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1159 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 200YD UT WOS:000080567100009 ER PT J AU He, HS Mladenoff, DJ Crow, TR AF He, HS Mladenoff, DJ Crow, TR TI Linking an ecosystem model and a landscape model to study forest species response to climate warming SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE gap model; LINKAGES; spatial landscape model; LANDIS; species establishment coefficient; climate warming ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; GAP MODELS; SPATIAL PATTERN; BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; OLD-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB No single model can address forest change from single tree to regional scales. We discuss a framework linking an ecosystem process model (LINKAGES) With a Spatial landscape model (LANDIS) to examine forest species responses to climate warming for a large, heterogeneous landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA. Individual species response at the ecosystem scale was simulated with LINKAGES, which integrates soil, climate and species data, stratified by ecoregions. Individual species biomass results, simulated by LINKAGES at year 10, were quantified using an empirical equation as species establishment coefficients (0.0-1.0). These coefficients were used to parameterize LANDIS, thus integrating ecosystem dynamics with large-scale landscape processes such as seed dispersal and fire disturbance. Species response to climate warming at the landscape scale was simulated with LANDIS. LANDIS was parameterized with information derived from a species level, forest classification map, and inventory data. This incorporates spatially-explicit seed source distributions. A standard LANDIS run with natural fire disturbance regime and current climate was conducted for 400 years. To simulate the effects of climate change, the differences in species establishment coefficients from current and warmer climates were linearly interpolated over the first 100 years assuming climate warming will occur gradually over the next century. The model was then run for another 300 years to examine the consequences after warming. Across the landscape, the decline of boreal species and the increases of temperate species were observed in the simulation. The responses of northern temperate hardwood species vary among ecoregions depending on soil nutrient and water regimes. Simulation results indicate that boreal species disappear from the landscape in 200-300 years and approximately same amount of time for a southern species to become common. Warming can accelerate the re-colonization process for current species such as found for eastern hemlock, where moisture does not become limiting. However, the re-colonization is strongly affected by available seed source explicitly described on the landscape. These phenomena cannot be simulated with most gap models, which assume a random seed rain. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 72 TC 93 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00147-1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166FK UT WOS:000078565400005 ER PT J AU Engeljohn, DL Bell, BP Thayer, DW Harland, BF AF Engeljohn, DL Bell, BP Thayer, DW Harland, BF TI Effects of gamma irradiated, cooked soy-, beef-, and soy/meat-based diets in rats SO ECOLOGY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE irradiation; kilogray (kGy); inositol hexakisphosphate; soy; phytate; calcium; magnesium; zinc ID ZINC MOLAR RATIO; PHYTIC ACID; PHYTATE; CALCIUM; BIOAVAILABILITY; FOODS; THIAMIN; PROTEIN; PORK AB There is increased demand for microbiologically safe foods. Ionizing energy (referred to as radiation pasteurization or irradiation) is effective in reducing the level of pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella, Trichinae, and Campylobacter which affect the health each year of many people. The irradiation of phytate (IP6), known to bind essential minerals in beef, soy, and soy-extended beef, at an absorbed dosage of less than 4 kilogray (kGy) caused no difference (P > 0.05) in the level of IP3-6 compared with non-irradiated samples. In a 3-wk study, 84 weanling rats (12 groups, 7 per group) consumed diets containing irradiated and non-irradiated soy, beef, and a soy-beef combination fed at 20% of the diet. There were no differences in liver and tibia mineral concentrations. Moreover, there was no measurable effect on body weight, feed efficiency, survival of experimental animals, nor on any of the 4 blood or 7 biochemical parameters measured. In addition, the phytate:zinc and the [phytate x calcium]:zinc molar ratios of the diets were calculated as an estimation of potential zinc deficiency. Microbiological tests, performed both before and after irradiation, on the soy-extended meat and meat patties used as dietary ingredients demonstrated a reduction in the bioload as a consequence of irradiation. Thus, irradiation at the dosage described above had no negative nutritional effects, was unable to enhance hydrolysis of phytate yet reduced the number of microorganisms in the animal food. C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Regulat Dev & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Bennett Coll, Greensboro, NC 27406 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Howard Univ, Coll Pharm Nursing & Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Harland, BF (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Regulat Dev & Anal Div, Room 112 Annex,300 12th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0367-0244 J9 ECOL FOOD NUTR JI Ecol. Food Nutr. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 5 BP 469 EP 490 PG 22 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 281RG UT WOS:000085174100004 ER PT J AU Palik, BJ Michener, WK Mitchell, RJ Edwards, D AF Palik, BJ Michener, WK Mitchell, RJ Edwards, D TI The effects of landform and plant size on mortality and recovery of longleaf pine during a 100-year flood SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coastal plain; flooding geomorphology; riparian; tree mortality ID MISSOURI RIVER; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; RESOURCE AB Unlike annual floods, large floods affect plant species outside of bottomland ecosystems. We know little about the effects of catastrophic floods on upland plants because of the rarity of this type of disturbance. Here we report on mortality and vegetative recovery of upland longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) after a large flood. The flood top-killed most seedlings and advance regeneration, while most large pines survived. About one-half and one-third of affected seedlings and advance regeneration, respectively, recovered vegetatively through resprouting or reflushing. High rates of initial mortality and vegetative recovery were not population-wide phenomena. Mortality decreased with increasing plant height because tall stems maintain more crown volume above floodwaters. Geomorphology alters patterns of mortality as related to size. Landforms retaining surface water had higher rates of mortality than landforms that shed surface water. Responses of longleaf pine to flooding suggest strong geomorphic control over disturbance regimes and, in turn, over population dynamics. Although infrequent, large floods may be important for regulating age structures of longleaf pine. Understanding the effects of large floods may be important for predicting demography of upland plant populations, and more broadly, for understanding the spatial and temporal boundaries of land-water interactions. C1 Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Palik, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 1831 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261GG UT WOS:000084000900014 ER PT J AU Miller, C Urban, DL AF Miller, C Urban, DL TI Forest pattern, fire, and climatic change in the Sierra Nevada SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climatic change; forest gap model; fire regime; spatial pattern; connectivity ID PROCESS MODEL; LANDSCAPES; SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION; HISTORY; AGE AB In the Sierra Nevada, distributions of forest tree species are largely controlled by the soil-moisture balance. Changes in temperature or precipitation as a result of increased greenhouse gas concentrations could lead to changes in species distributions. In addition, climatic change could increase the frequency and severity of wildfires. We used a forest gap model developed for Sierra Nevada forests to investigate the potential sensitivity of these forests to climatic change, including a changing fire regime. Fuel moisture influences the fire regime and couples fire to climate. Fires are also affected by fuel loads, which accumulate according to forest structure and composition. These model features were used to investigate the complex interactions between climate, fire, and forest dynamics. Eight hypothetical climate-change scenarios were simulated, including two general circulation model (GCM) predictions of a 2 x CO(2) world. The response of forest structure, species composition, and the fire regime to these changes in the climate were examined at four sites across an elevation gradient. Impacts on woody biomass and species composition as a result of climatic change were site specific and depended on the environmental constraints of a site and the environmental tolerances of the tree species simulated. Climatic change altered the fire regime both directly and indirectly. Fire frequency responded directly to climate's influence on fuel moisture, whereas fire extent was affected by changes that occurred in either woody biomass or species composition. The influence of species composition on fuel-bed bulk density was particularly important. Future fires in the Sierra Nevada could be both more frequent and of greater spatial extent if GCM predictions prove true. C1 US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Miller, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM cmiller/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 2 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s100219900060 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171HT UT WOS:000078858100008 ER PT S AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC BE Riu, PJ Rosell, J Bragos, R Casas, O TI Requirements for clinical use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) SO ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE METHODS: APPLICATIONS TO MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Electrical Bio-Impedance CY APR 05-09, 1998 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Comm Promot Res Bio Impedance ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; EXTRACELLULAR WATER; BIOIMPEDANCE; CIRRHOSIS; ASCITES; FLUID AB The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is an attractive tool for use in the clinical assessment of human body composition. Factors such as ease of use, relatively low cost, noninvasive nature, high degree of reproducibility, and safety of operation provide an impetus for the general application of this method. The preponderance of the published applications of BIA focused on applications in healthy populations and indicated a qualitative validity of the method. More recent applications have augmented the quantitative values of the BIA approach and hale reported very good specificity and sensitivity. One potential limitation of the BIA approach is the reliance on regression models, derived in restricted samples of human subjects, which restricts the usefulness of the derived model in other patients who differ from the original sample in which the model was developed. Other in investigational approaches that use different physical models (bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and parallel model) have yielded successful and useful measures of human body composition in clinical studies. If BIA is to gain acceptance in clinical diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic interventions, further efforts will be needed to ascertain more fully the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of biological parameters estimated with the new BIA approaches, and to establish the prognostic values of the BIA estimates of body composition. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-190-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 873 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09451.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN24Y UT WOS:000081273800009 PM 10372152 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Stern, NJ Fields, PI Swerdlow, DL AF Altekruse, SF Stern, NJ Fields, PI Swerdlow, DL TI Campylobacter jejuni - An emerging foodborne pathogen SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; RAW-MILK; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; BROILER-CHICKENS; GUILLAIN-BARRE; POULTRY; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SALMONELLA AB Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of foodborne infection in the United States. Adding to the human and economic costs are chronic sequelae associated with C. jejuni infection-Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis. In addition, an increasing proportion of human infections caused by C. jejuni are resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Mishandling of raw poultry and consumption of undercooked poultry are the major risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. Efforts to prevent human illness are needed throughout each link in the food chain. C1 US FDA, Blacksburg, VA USA. USDA, Athens, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Duckpond Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 65 TC 480 Z9 496 U1 8 U2 61 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 171HN UT WOS:000078857700004 PM 10081669 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Konstantinov, AS AF Lingafelter, SW Konstantinov, AS TI The monophyly and relative rank of alticine and galerucine leaf beetles: A cladistic analysis using adult morphological characters (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article AB The first cladistic analysis to determine the monophyletic status of alticine and galerucine leaf beetles and their relationship to one another is provided. A classification based on their hypothesized relationships is proposed. Fifty morphological characters of adults were analyzed from twenty-nine taxa representing six traditionally recognized subfamilies (Orsodacninae, Aulacoscelidinae, Eumolpinae [including Synetini], Chrysomelinae, Galerucinae, and Alticinae), with an emphasis on thorough exemplar representation from galerucines and alticines. Cladistic analyses of these characters using the heuristic analysis of PAUP resulted in 444 equally most parsimonious cladograms, a consensus of which was mostly unresolved. Successive approximations weighting of these trees produced a nearly fully resolved hypothesis of relationships among the taxa. This hypothesis indicates the monophyly of chrysomelines + eumolpines + orsodacnines and monophyly of galerucines + alticines. Importantly, the alticines are a highly derived, strongly supported monophyletic group, nested within galerucines. Therefore, alticines must have a lower relative taxonomic rank (such as tribe) to Galerucinae in order to reflect this phylogenetic hypothesis. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, NRC-187, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SCANDINAVICA PI LUND PA DEPT OF SYST ZOOL HELGOVAVAGEN 3, S-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN SN 0013-8711 J9 ENTOMOL SCAND JI Entomol. Scand. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 397 EP 416 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 292CJ UT WOS:000085776300002 ER PT J AU Stoetzel, MB Miller, GL AF Stoetzel, MB Miller, GL TI Macrosiphoniella leucanthemi (Homoptera : Aphididae): New records and redescriptions of the apterous and alate vivparous females SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB The known North American distribution of Macrosiphoniella leucanthemi is expanded from Pennsylvania and Oregon to include Maryland. Redescriptions of apterous and alate viviparous females are provided along with illustrations. A key to the aphids on chrysanthemums in the United States is modified to include M. leucanthemi. C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stoetzel, MB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 110 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 172CV UT WOS:000078905500007 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI The effect of energy on the adoption of conservation tillage in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; cointegration; conservation tillage; energy ID TIME-SERIES REGRESSION; COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; LONG-RUN; DEMAND; CORN; ROOT AB The impact of energy on the adoption of conservation tillage is of special importance in addressing concerns about the effect of agricultural production on the environment in the United States. It is the subject of this paper. After establishing that a relationship exists between the price of energy and the adoption of conservation tillage via cointegration techniques, the relationship is quantified. It is shown that while the real price of crude oil, the proxy used for the price of energy, does not affect the rate of adoption of conservation tillage, it does impact the extent to which it is used. Finally, there is no structural instability in the relationship between the relative use of conservation tillage and the real price of crude oil over the period 1963-1997. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resources Inventory Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Resources Inventory Div, USDA, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 164WE UT WOS:000078485900002 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Sandretto, C Uri, ND AF Kim, CS Sandretto, C Uri, ND TI The impact of incorrectly estimating factor productivity in agriculture on the environment and human health SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural production; environment; input use; technological innovation ID DEMAND-FUNCTIONS; DAMAGE CONTROL; SPECIFICATION; ECONOMETRICS; PROFIT AB This paper explores the implications of a misspecification of the production function on the use of factor inputs in the context of the adoption of an alternative production practice (a technological innovation) designed to mitigate the impact of agricultural production on human health and the environment. It is demonstrated that if the level of the use of some inputs is considered rather than their consumptive use (i.e., the actual amount used by a plant), the productivity of the input is inaccurately measured. It is also demonstrated that an aggregate production function approach can lead to overestimation of the value of the marginal product of an input due to the frequently implicit assumptions that the output supply, output demand, and fertilizer demand are infinitely price elastic. The implications of the results are important for determining the optimal use of inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides which have known adverse impacts on the environment and human health. C1 US Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Resources Inventory Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), US Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Resources Inventory Div, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM noel.uri2@usda.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 164WE UT WOS:000078485900007 ER PT B AU Lane, LJ Nichols, MH Levick, LR AF Lane, LJ Nichols, MH Levick, LR BE Singh, VP Seo, WI Sonu, JH TI Information systems technology for assessment of rangeland ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Water, Environment, Ecology, Socioeconomics and Health Engineering (WEESHE) CY OCT 18-21, 1999 CL SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Seoul Natl Univ, Louisiana State Univ, Korean Soc Civil Engineers, Korea Water Resources Assoc, Korean Soc Water & Waste Water, Korean Soc Agr Engn HO SEOUL NATL UNIV ID EXPERT SYSTEM AB Increased emphases on conservation, management, and sustainable use of rangeland resources in the western United States has led to the need for new technology for assessing rangeland health. Rangeland health is the degree to which rangeland ecosystems are sustainable under current and alternative land use and management practices. The assessment of rangelands based on health has replaced the traditional assessment based on range condition. The new concept requires new technology to assess soil/site stability, nutrient/energy cycling, and plant recovery mechanisms. Currently, a project is underway to improve soil/site stability assessment using a distributed soil erosion and sediment yield simulation model. Information systems technology has been used to develop an internet-based system to access data, information, knowledge, simulation models, and evaluation criteria to assess rangeland health in an integrated personal computer environment. Information systems technology is used to focus database design and development, data collection and processing, development and management of knowledge bases, simulation of soil erosion and sediment yield, interpretation of sediment yield estimates in the rangeland health context, and knowledge-based determination of rangeland health. Field sites in the Great Plains of the United States are used to illustrate applications of information systems technology in the development and application of rangeland health assessments to improve rangeland resource conservation and management programs. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Lane, LJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS PI LITTLETON PA P O BOX 2841, LITTLETON, CO 80161 USA BN 1-887201-23-8 PY 1999 BP 329 EP 340 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17L UT WOS:000165805000033 ER PT J AU Flugel, WA Smith, RE AF Flugel, WA Smith, RE TI Integrated process studies and modelling simulations of hillslope hydrology and interflow dynamics using the HILLS model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE interflow modelling; hillslope hydrology; groundwater recharge; runoff generation AB Interflow is of major importance for runoff generation and groundwater recharge in mountainous and hilly catchments. However, integrated process studies and model simulation of the hydrological dynamics of hillslope drainage by interflow are still scarce. Therefore, such a study has been carried out on the Kiefer-Hang test hillslope iq the catchment of the Sieg River, located in the middle mountain range of the Rheinische Schiefergebirge in Germany. The overall objective was to analyse and to simulate soil moisture, interflow and groundwater recharge with a high resolution in time and space. For the simulation study the two-dimensional HILLS numerical hillslope model was selected, parameterized and calibrated by detailed held surveys. The simulations were undertaken using measured hydro-meteorological data with 5-minute intervals. The process analyses of the study revealed the hydrological dynamics of the test slope, and the results of the simulations proved the ability of the HILLS model to simulate interflow. However, some extreme storms and dry weather periods were simulated poorly because: (i) the soil-physics is simplified in the model as compared to the complex structure of the test slope, and (ii) HILLS in its present version does not account for feedback from the lever of the adjacent Breidenbach Creek. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Geog, D-07743 Jena, Germany. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Flugel, WA (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Geog, Lobdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 164CX UT WOS:000078445800005 ER PT J AU Long, RP Davis, DD AF Long, RP Davis, DD TI Growth variation of white oak subjected to historic levels of fluctuating air pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE white oak; forest growth; air pollution; sulfur dioxide; tree-ring analysis ID RING; CLIMATE; SPRUCE; VALLEY; PINE; SO2 AB Growth of white oak (Quercus alba L.) trees was examined, using tree-ring analysis, at three sites near a small, remote coal-fired power plant in central Pennsylvania, USA. Forests immediately adjacent to the power plant have been subjected to power plant emissions since the power plant initiated operation in 1954. However, localized, ground-level fumigations have been gradually reduced over the years due to a series of construction projects resulting in increased stack heights. Comparisons of growth were made among the white oaks growing at the three close-in sites, as well to the growth of white oak at three control sites located 10-50 km from the power plant, during periods of differing stack heights. White oak exhibited reduced growth at two of the close-in sites during the time period when historical ground-level air pollution exposures were assumed to be greatest due to low stack heights. White oak growth at the third close-in site was not substantially reduced during this time period. In 1976, taller stacks were implemented at the power plant to reduce local, ground-level concentrations of air pollutants. The recovery of tree growth at the two close-in affected sites, and increased synchronous growth responses from 1976-85 among all three close-in sites, indicates that implementation of taller stacks in 1976 reduced ground-level pollutant levels to such dosages that growth was not impaired at any site. Also, growth rates after 1976 were comparable to the growth rates of the white oaks growing on the control sites. A possible interacting factor was a severe drought that occurred in the mid-1960s in central Pennsylvania. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Davis, DD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00077-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YW UT WOS:000081078600005 PM 15093046 ER PT J AU Loats, KV Rebbeck, J AF Loats, KV Rebbeck, J TI Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow-poplar seedlings SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone and CO2 interactions; Prunus serotina; Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Liriodendron tulipifera ID ENVIRONMENT ALTERS RESPONSE; LIRIODENDRON-TULIPIFERA L; ACER-SACCHARUM MARSH; HYBRID POPULUS L; ABIES L KARST; GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AB Potted seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) (BC), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) (GA), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (YP) were exposed to one of the four treatments: (1) charcoal-filtered air (CF) at ambient CO2 (control); (2) twice ambient O-3 (2XO(3)); (3) twice ambient CO2 (650 mu l l(-1)) plus CF air (2xCO(2)); or (4) twice ambient CO2 (650 yl l(-1)) plus twice ambient O-3 (2XCO(2)+2XO(3)) The treatments were duplicated in eight continuously stirred tank reactors for 10 weeks. Gas exchange was measured during the last 3 weeks of treatment and all seedlings were destructively harvested after 10 weeks. Significant interactive effects of O-3 and CO2 on the gas exchange of all three species were limited. The effects of elevated CO2 and O-3, singly and combined, on light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(max)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were inconsistent across species. In all three species, elevated O-3 had no effect on g(s). Elevated CO2 significantly increased A(max) in GA and YP foliage, and decreased g(s) in YP foliage. Maximum carbon exchange rates and quantum efficiencies derived from light-response curves increased, while compensation irradiance and dark respiration decreased in all three species when exposed to 2xCO(2). Elevated O-3 affected few of these parameters but any change that was observed was opposite to that fi-om exposure to 2xCO(2)-air. Interactive effects of CO2 and O-3 On light-response parameters were limited. Carboxylation efficiencies, derived from CO2-response curves (A/C-i curves) decreased only in YP foliage exposed to 2xCO(2)-air. In general, growth was significantly stimulated by 2xCO(2) in all three species; though there were few significant growth responses following exposure to 2xO(3) or the combination of 2xCO(2) plus 2xO(3). Results indicate that responses to interacting stressors such as O-3 and CO2 are species specific. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Biol, Granville, OH 43023 USA. RP Rebbeck, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00069-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YW UT WOS:000081078600010 PM 15093051 ER PT J AU Kuehler, EA Flagler, RB AF Kuehler, EA Flagler, RB TI The effects of sodium erythorbate and ethylenediurea on photosynthetic function of ozone-exposed loblolly pine seedlings SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE pinustaeda; antiozonant; ethylenediurea; ozone; sodium erythorbate ID FIELD-GROWN CROPS; AMBIENT OZONE; EDU METHOD; LEAVES; PLANTS; IMPACT; CARBOXYLASE; PROTECTION; REDUCTION; NITROGEN AB In an open-top chamber study in east Texas, ozone-sensitive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were treated with either the antioxidant Ozoban (74.5% sodium erythorbate active ingredient (a.i.)) at 0, 1030, or 2060 mg liter(-1) or ethylenediurea (EDU 50% a.i.) at 0, 150, or 300 ppm every 2 weeks while being subjected to a range of ozone exposures beginning in April 1994. The ozone exposures included sub-ambient ozone levels (CF), approximate ambient (NF), and 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 times ambient ozone (1.5x, 2.0x, and 2.5x, respectively). The response variables included net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g), chloroplast pigment concentration, and total foliar N concentration. Foliar injury due to ozone was observed early in the growing season, but subsided over time. Ozoban did not have any consistent effects throughout the experiment on the response variables, but did cause changes early in the study on gas exchange. Both g and A photosynthesis were greater at elevated ozone levels in seedlings treated with 1030 mg liter(-1) of Ozoban compared to those treated with either 0 or 2060 mg liter(-1) for the first sampling period in June. However, at CF, seedlings treated with 1030 mg liter(-1) of Ozoban showed signs of reduced A compared to the other antioxidant treatments. This indicates that sodium erythorbate may have a negative physiological effect on seedlings in a low ozone environment. For EDU-treated seedlings, no consistent antioxidant treatment effects were observed, but linear regression analysis indicates that EDU shows promise in providing protection from ozone injury. At 150 ppm, EDU may retard stomatal closure in younger pine seedlings. No consistent benefit was afforded to chloroplast pigments for the study by either antioxidant. Ozoban at 2060 mg liter(-1) appeared to have phytotoxic effects with regards to chlorophyll a and total carotenoids in the latter stages of the experiment. No significant Ozoban or EDU effects were observed with respect to total foliar N concentration until the final sampling period in October, where foliage treated with 300 ppm of EDU displayed higher N concentration at all ozone levels except 1.5x ambient ozone. Foliage treated with 150 ppm EDU showed the lowest nitrogen concentration in CF and NF, but the highest in 1.5x. Because of relatively low ozone exposures during the study year and the closeness with which the seedlings were grown, these results may not accurately represent the benefits of sodium erythorbate or EDU in reducing ozone stress in loblolly pine seedlings for field-grown trees. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kuehler, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Management Res, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00211-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171KD UT WOS:000078862000004 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Kiefer, JW AF Fenn, ME Kiefer, JW TI Throughfall deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in a Jeffrey pine forest in the San Gabriel Mountains, southern California SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; marine aerosols; seasalt sulfate; sulfur accumulation; dry deposition; surrogate surfaces; nitrogen deficiency ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; LOS-ANGELES; PRECIPITATION-CHEMISTRY; BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; DRY DEPOSITION; NITRATE; CANOPY; ACID; SATURATION; PONDEROSA AB Deposition of N and S in bulk precipitation and throughfall, and dry deposition to surrogate surfaces were determined in 1994 in a high-elevation mixed conifer forest dominated by Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) in the San Gabriel Mountains northeast of Los Angeles, California. Three sites 2 km apart, with a range of N deposition inputs, were chosen for study. N deposition in throughfall and dry deposition fluxes of N varied among the three sites, presumably because of differing pollutant transport with varying air flow patterns as a function of ridge and canyon orientation and the prevailing northeasterly winds. Net throughfall, an estimate of dry deposition, was the dominant input source of NH4+ and NO3-, except at Vista where wet deposition of NH4+ was greater than dry deposition of NH4+. Wet deposition of SO42- was much greater than dry deposition of SO42- at all three sites. Higher SO42- deposition in bulk precipitation and throughfall in this study compared to montane sites further from the coast was presumably because of marine aerosols transported inland during storm events and possibly by the prevailing winds. The location of the study sites in relation to the ocean (65 km inland) and to the urban smog source, resulted in throughfall inputs which were higher in S (7.8-12.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), but lower in N (6.0-11.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) compared to montane sites in the lower San Gabriel Mountains (23 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) or in the western end of the San Bernardino Mountains further inland (19 kg N ha(-1) year(-1); 3 kg S ha(-1) year(-1)). S concentrations in pine foliage (0.69-0.83 g kg(-1)) were also greater in the San Gabriel Mountain sites than in four sites located further inland in the San Bernardino Mountains (0.48-0.56 g kg(-1)). Results of this and other studies suggest that the threshold for throughfall N deposition levels which lead to symptoms of N saturation in southern California montane ecosystems is ca. 16-19 kg ha(-1) year(-1). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol Sci, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@deltanet.com NR 34 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 104 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00195-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159MX UT WOS:000078178500002 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M AF Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M TI Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil by three grass species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Sr-90; radionuclides; contaminated ID CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE CESIUM; RADIOCESIUM; SEEDLINGS; RADIONUCLIDES; PONDEROSA; INFECTION; INTENSITY; SEASON; ROOTS AB The use of plants to accumulate low level radioactive waste from soil, followed by incineration of plant material to concentrate radionuclides may prove to be a viable and economical method of remediating contaminated areas. We tested the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on Cs-137 and Sr-90 uptake by bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) for the effectiveness on three different contaminated soil types. Exposure to Cs-137 Or Sr-90 over the course of the experiment did not affect above ground biomass of the three grasses. The above ground biomass of bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 26.3 to 71.7% of the total amount of the Cs-137 and from 23.8 to 88.7% of the total amount of the Sr-90 added to the soil after three harvests. In each of the three grass species tested, plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices had greater aboveground plant biomass, higher concentrations of Cs-137 or Sr-90 in plant tissue, % accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant bioconcentration ratios at each harvest than those that did not receive mycorrhizal inoculation. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, greater accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant higher bioconcentration ratios with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than bahia grass and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 was observed in johnson grass inoculated with G. mosseae. Grasses can grow in wide geographical ranges that include a broad variety of edaphic conditions. The highly efficient removal of these radionuclides by these grass species after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae supports the concept that remediation of radionuclide contaminated soils using mycorrhizal plants may present a viable strategy to remediate and reclaim sites contaminated with radionuclides. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. US EPA, Terr Plant Ecol Branch, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 45 TC 65 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00163-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159MZ UT WOS:000078178700016 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Simmons, K Wu, JN Sanchez-Olvera, M Kostecki, P Calabrese, E AF Potter, TL Simmons, K Wu, JN Sanchez-Olvera, M Kostecki, P Calabrese, E TI Static die-away of a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant in estuarine water samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; 4-NONYLPHENOL; METABOLITES; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT AB The static die-away of the nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactant used to stabilize the bitumen-water emulsion in the fuel Orimulsion was studied using estuarine water samples collected at four stations in Tampa Bay, FL. Incubations were in the dark at 28 degrees C for 183 days. Primary degradation was complete in 4-24 days with lag periods between 0 and 12 days. The concentration of five NPE intermediate degradation products and total surfactant were monitored at 4-8-day intervals for the first 89 days and at 30-day intervals thereafter. The intermediates detected included nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) and nonylphenoxy ethoxy acetic acid (NP2EC). Much smaller amounts of nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) and nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1E0) were detected. The completely deethoxylated metabolite nonylphenol (NP) was not detected. On a molar basis, NP2EC accounted for 66.6-93.3% of degradation products and for 22.7-75.6% of the starting material at the termination of the experiment. The sequence of degradation and intermediate accumulation and decay indicated the initial formation of NP2EO from higher NPE homologues followed by oxidation to NP2EC. A second phase of the experiment was initiated on day 296. The remaining water in two sample incubation containers was combined with equal volumes of freshly collected Tampa Bay water. In three of five replicates from one sample, die-away of the residual NP2EC began at day 20 and declined to approximately 50% of the initial concentration on day 32. In other replicates of this sample and in a second sample, no change in NP2EC or NP1EC concentrations was observed. The data have confirmed relatively rapid primary degradation of the parent NPE and the formation in sequence of two degradation products, NP2EO and NP2EC. The later compound appears to be relatively resistant to further degradation However, data did indicate that microorganisms were present in the Bay that are capable of transformation and degradation of the compound. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM tpotter@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1021/es9804464 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100034 ER PT B AU House, R McDowell, H Peters, M Heimlich, R AF House, R McDowell, H Peters, M Heimlich, R BE Bock, GR Goode, JA TI Agriculture sector resource and environmental policy analysis: an economic and biophysical approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS: ANALYSING DATA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evironmental Statistics: Analysing Data for Environmental Policy CY MAY 11-13, 1998 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID POLLUTION AB Agricultural pollution of the environment is jointly determined by economic decisions driving land use, production practices, and stochastic biophysical processes associated with agricultural production, land and climate characteristics. It follows that environmental and economic statistics, traditionally collected independently of each other, offer little insight into non-point pollutant loadings. We argue that effective policy development would be facilitated by integrating environmental and economic data gathering, combined with simulation modelling linking economic and biophysical components. Integrated data collection links economics, land use, production methods and environmental loadings. An integrated economic/biophysical modelling framework facilitates policy analysis because monetary incentives to reduce pollution can be evaluated in the context of market costs and returns that influence land use and production activity. This allows prediction of environmental and economic outcomes from alternative policies to solve environmental problems. We highlight steps taken to merge economic and biophysical modelling for policy analysis within the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. An example analysis of a policy to reduce agricultural nitrogen pollution is presented, with the economic and environmental results illustrating the value of linked economic and biophysical analysis. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP House, R (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room S4007, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-98540-6 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 1999 VL 220 BP 243 EP 272 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Medicine, General & Internal; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; General & Internal Medicine; Mathematics GA BS51E UT WOS:000170185500014 PM 10231835 ER PT J AU Tullu, A Kaiser, WJ Kraft, JM Muehlbauer, FJ AF Tullu, A Kaiser, WJ Kraft, JM Muehlbauer, FJ TI A second gene for resistance to race 4 of Fusarium wilt in chickpea and linkage with a RAPD marker SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum L.; disease resistance; early and late wilting; genetic marker ID INHERITANCE; LETTUCE; MAPS AB Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & Sato is a devastating disease of chickpea. The current study was conducted to determine the inheritance of the gene(s) for resistance to race 4 of fusarium wilt and to identify linked RAPD markers using an early wilting line, JG-62, as a susceptible parent. Genetic analysis was performed on the F(1)s, F(2)s and F-3 families from the cross of JG-62 x Surutato-77. The F-3 families were inoculated with a spore suspension of the race 4 wilt pathogen and the results were used to infer the genotypes of the parent F-2 plants. Results indicated that two independent genes controlled resistance to race 4. Linkage analysis of candidate RAPD marker, CS-27(700), and the inferred F-2 phenotypic data showed that this marker locus is linked to one of the resistance genes. Allelism indicated that the two resistance sources, Surutato-77 and WR-315, shared common alleles for resistance and the two susceptible genotypes, C-104 and JG-62, carried alleles for susceptibility. The PCR-based marker, CS-27(700), was previously reported to be linked to the gene for resistance to race 1 in a different population which suggested that the genes for resistance to races 1 and 4 are in close proximity in the Cicer genome. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Tullu, Abebe/B-2722-2012 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1999 VL 109 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1023/A:1003604209476 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 225HM UT WOS:000081952400006 ER PT J AU Jackson, SA Hanneman, RE AF Jackson, SA Hanneman, RE TI Crossability between cultivated and wild tuber-and non-tuber-bearing Solanums SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE 2n gametes; crossability; hybridization; potato; Solanum; wild species ID ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; CROSSING BARRIERS; TRIPLOID HYBRIDS; MALE-FERTILITY; POTATO; HYBRIDIZATION; GERMPLASM AB The cultivated potato has over 200 extant wild relatives many of which contain genes valuable for disease resistance, hardiness, processing and agronomic traits. Crossability of these wild species directly with the cultivated potato is complicated by several reproductive phenomena such as stylar and ploidy barriers and Endosperm Balance Numbers (EBN). However, a systematic analysis of crossability with many of these wild relatives has never fully been examined. Reciprocal crosses were made between cultivated potato and over 400 wild potato accessions; stylar barriers and 2n gamete production were examined as was the fertility of many of the putative hybrids. Generally, the seed/fruit ratio increased the more closely related the species were to the cultivated potato. However, a few crosses were successful in spite of predicted failure due to ploidy or EBN differences. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconson Agr Expt Stn, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jackson, SA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1999 VL 109 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1023/A:1003710817938 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 225HM UT WOS:000081952400007 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Paterson, AH Pinson, SRM Stansel, JW AF Li, ZK Paterson, AH Pinson, SRM Stansel, JW TI RFLP facilitated analysis of tiller and leaf angles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ideotype; pleiotropy; QTLs; yield potential ID PLANT AB Plant type is an important composite trait associated with the yield potential in rice and other cereal crops. Several characters associated with the plant type of modern rice cultivars including tiller angle, leaf and flag leaf angle, were investigated using a complete linkage map with 115 well distributed RFLP markers and progeny testing of 2418 F-2 derived F-4 lines from a cross between O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. 'Lemont' and spp. indica cv. 'Teqing'. One major gene (Ta) and 11 QTLs were largely responsible for the tremendous variation of the three plant type characters in the Lemont/Teqing F-2 population. The major gene, Ta, located between RZ228 and RG667 on chromosome 9, accounted for 47.5% of the phenotypic variation in tiller angle and had large pleiotropic effects on both leaf and flag leaf angles. This gene plus four QTLs accounted for 69.1% of the genotypic variation in tiller angle. Eight additional QTLs for leaf and flag leaf angles were also identified, which collectively explained 52.0 and 66.4% of the genotypic variation of these traits. Ta and three QTLs (QFla2, QFla5 and QFla7) apparently affected the related plant type characters differently, suggesting their possible differential expression in different developmental stages of rice plants or possibly clustering of different genes affecting these traits. Plant type, and consequently grain yield of rice, may be improved by deliberately manipulating these QTLs in a marker-assisted selection program. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. ARS, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, POB 933, Manila 1099, Philippines. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1999 VL 109 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1023/A:1003533001014 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 234CW UT WOS:000082467800002 ER PT J AU Yu, MH Heijbroek, W Pakish, LM AF Yu, MH Heijbroek, W Pakish, LM TI The sea beet source of resistance to multiple species of root-knot nematode SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris L.; B. vulgaris L. ssp maritima; Meloidogyne spp.; nematode resistance; resistance breeding; root galls; sugarbeet ID SUGAR-BEET; IDENTIFICATION; GENE AB Development of commercially available host-plant resistance to Meloidogyne spp. is essential to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) root-knot nematode resistance breeding. Reactions of seedlings from resistant crosses and hybrid derivatives were evaluated against juvenile (J2) inoculations in the greenhouse. The noncultivated sea beet [B. vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang] source of resistance is effective against the four economically important root-knot nematodes, i.e., M. incognita Races 1, 2 and 4 (Race 3 not tested), M. Javanica, M. arenaria Races 1 and 2, and M. hapla. In monoxenic culture, M. arenaria inoculations resulted in the most galling, and M. hapla, the least. Species combinations induced higher rates of infection. Different races of the same Meloidogyne species caused similar galling. Preliminary inoculation studies indicated that resistance was also effective to M. Chitwoodi and M. fallax. The trait of resistance to multiple Meloidogyne species may be valuable in developing sugarbeet, and possibly transgenic lines of other crops, resistant to root-knot nematode. C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Inst Sugar Beet Res, NL-4600 AA Bergen Op Zoom, Netherlands. RP Yu, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1999 VL 108 IS 3 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1023/A:1003616612201 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 235PL UT WOS:000082551300002 ER EF