FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Koga, T Martin, KR Meydani, M AF Koga, T Martin, KR Meydani, M TI Effect of homocysteine on the interaction of endothelial cells with monocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A555 EP A555 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303201 ER PT J AU Lee, H Gerrior, S AF Lee, H Gerrior, S TI Micronutrient and dietary fiber intakes by consumers who drink whole or reduced-fat milks. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A264 EP A264 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301522 ER PT J AU Li, Y Craft, NE Handelman, GJ Nommsen-Rivers, IA McCrory, MA Dewey, KG AF Li, Y Craft, NE Handelman, GJ Nommsen-Rivers, IA McCrory, MA Dewey, KG TI Associations between serum and breast milk carotenoids, vitamins A and E. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Craft Technol, Wilson, NC 27893 USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A240 EP A240 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301383 ER PT J AU Lifschitz, C Abrams, S Grusak, MA AF Lifschitz, C Abrams, S Grusak, MA TI Absorption of iron (Fe) from peas. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A242 EP A242 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301395 ER PT J AU Loechelt, BJ Kramer, T Rakusan, TA Chan, M AF Loechelt, BJ Kramer, T Rakusan, TA Chan, M TI Reconstitution of lymphocyte proliferation responses in children with HIV infection. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. ARS, USDA, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A295 EP A295 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301702 ER PT J AU Loechelt, BJ Chan, M Rosebrock, JA Kramer, TR AF Loechelt, BJ Chan, M Rosebrock, JA Kramer, TR TI Evaluation of specific immune reconstitution in HIV infected patients SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. ImmTech Inc, New Windsor, MD 21776 USA. ARS, USDA, BARCE, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A295 EP A295 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301704 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Michelsen, KG Siders, WA AF Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Michelsen, KG Siders, WA TI Altered metabolic responses during exercise in men fed diets low in zinc. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A214 EP A214 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301235 ER PT J AU Manfredi, TG Agostinucci, K Cosmas, A Martin, K Han, SN Wu, D Meydani, SN Meydani, M AF Manfredi, TG Agostinucci, K Cosmas, A Martin, K Han, SN Wu, D Meydani, SN Meydani, M TI Vitamin E alters mouse liver mitochondrial morphology. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A536 EP A536 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303089 ER PT J AU Mardis, AL Kramer-LeBlanc, CS Gerrior, SA Gaston, NW AF Mardis, AL Kramer-LeBlanc, CS Gerrior, SA Gaston, NW TI Nutrient intake of pregnant and breast-feeding women: An examination of nine nutrients of public health concern SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A254 EP A254 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301464 ER PT J AU Martin, KR Meydani, DWM AF Martin, KR Meydani, DWM TI The effect of carotenoids on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) expression of adhesion molecules and adherence to monocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A210 EP A210 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301212 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ McCallum, JE Yao, M Vinken, AG Hays, NP Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ McCallum, JE Yao, M Vinken, AG Hays, NP Roberts, SB TI Dietary variety within food groups: Association with energy intake and body fatness in adult men and women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A226 EP A226 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301302 ER PT J AU McFarland, D McMurtry, J Clapper, J Francis, G Pesall, J Gilkerson, K AF McFarland, D McMurtry, J Clapper, J Francis, G Pesall, J Gilkerson, K TI The effect of insulin-like growth factor analogs on turkey satellite cell and embryonic myoblast proliferation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A257 EP A257 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301484 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Ding, ST Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Ding, ST Mersmann, HJ TI Adipose tissue regulatory transcript expression in obese versus lean pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A258 EP A258 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301490 ER PT J AU Mertz, SD Woodhouse, LR Donangelo, CM Knutson, MD Walter, P Ames, B King, JC Viteri, FE AF Mertz, SD Woodhouse, LR Donangelo, CM Knutson, MD Walter, P Ames, B King, JC Viteri, FE TI Breath ethane excretion rate in young women is increased by daily iron but not by daily zinc supplementation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Mol Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RI Walter, Patrick/A-4117-2011 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A241 EP A241 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301394 ER PT J AU Meydani, S Beharka, A Pava, S Ribaya-Mercado, J Leka, L Russell, R AF Meydani, S Beharka, A Pava, S Ribaya-Mercado, J Leka, L Russell, R TI Gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response (GAIR) of humans declines with age SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A50 EP A50 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300287 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Finley, JW AF Miller, KB Finley, JW TI Manganese concentration in tissues of pigs fed high and low amounts of manganese with and without trace mineral supplementation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A245 EP A245 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301415 ER PT J AU Milne, DB Davis, CD AF Milne, DB Davis, CD TI Effects of low and moderately high zinc intakes on zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) nutriture. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A568 EP A568 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303277 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM TI Changes in body composition of 60 kg pigs during an 8 week body weight maintenance feeding regimen SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Anim Sci, Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A261 EP A261 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301509 ER PT J AU Moshfegb, A Borrud, L Perloff, B LaComb, R AF Moshfegb, A Borrud, L Perloff, B LaComb, R TI Improved method for the 24-hour dietary recall for use in national surveys. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A603 EP A603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303476 ER PT J AU Nelson, TK Paape, MJ Douglass, LW AF Nelson, TK Paape, MJ Douglass, LW TI Bovine mammary secretory epithelial cell (MAC-T cell) death is induced by activated neutrophils (PMN) and peroxynitrite and mitigated by a myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor and free radical scavengers. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, LPSI, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A185 EP A185 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301072 ER PT J AU Pinna, K Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Shames, DM King, JC AF Pinna, K Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Shames, DM King, JC TI Effect of a low zinc diet on plasma zinc turnover and exchangeable zinc pools in healthy men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A569 EP A569 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303282 ER PT J AU Price, PT Stoll, B Yu, H Burrin, DG Clarke, SD Reeds, PJ AF Price, PT Stoll, B Yu, H Burrin, DG Clarke, SD Reeds, PJ TI mRNA levels and enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) in jejunal segments of the fed piglet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A562 EP A562 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303242 ER PT J AU Provost, S Andres, LP Roubenoff, R Frontera, W Sacheck, J Brown, WF AF Provost, S Andres, LP Roubenoff, R Frontera, W Sacheck, J Brown, WF TI Effect of six weeks of unilateral static resistance training and detraining in elderly men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A409 EP A409 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302360 ER PT J AU Qin, J Johnson, EJ Yeum, KJ Tang, G Krinsky, NJ Russell, RM AF Qin, J Johnson, EJ Yeum, KJ Tang, G Krinsky, NJ Russell, RM TI Determination of 9-cis beta-carotene and zeta-carotene in biological samples SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A553 EP A553 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303189 ER PT J AU Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R AF Rall, LC Lundgren, NT Reichlin, S Veldhuis, JD Kehayias, JJ Roubenoff, R TI Growth hormone (GH) kinetics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not explain cachexia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A262 EP A262 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301511 ER PT J AU Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD AF Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD TI Evidence for mono- and dicomplex boroester formation in biomolecules obtained from capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) binding studies. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A545 EP A545 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303145 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Briske-Anderson, M AF Reeves, PG Briske-Anderson, M TI Physiological changes in zinc concentrations of Caco-2 cells alter the uptake and transport kinetics of zinc. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A568 EP A568 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303274 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Bermudez, OI Solomons, NW Mazariegos, M Romero-Abal, ME Tucker, K Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Bermudez, OI Solomons, NW Mazariegos, M Romero-Abal, ME Tucker, K Russell, RM TI Serum retinol and carotenoid concentrations in elderly Guatemalans, Massachusetts Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CeSSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A554 EP A554 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303194 ER PT J AU Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Simmen, FA AF Richardson, RL Hausman, GJ Simmen, FA TI Adipogenesis in early fetal pig stromal-vascular (SV) cells: Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF) and IGF binding protein (BP) 2 and 4. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Simmen, Frank/J-9464-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A257 EP A257 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301485 ER PT J AU Riskin, A Nannegari, V Haney, P AF Riskin, A Nannegari, V Haney, P TI Efficient transfection of CIT3 mouse mammary epithelial cells using liposomes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A432 EP A432 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302493 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW AF Rosebrough, RW TI Supplemental triiodothyronine (T-3) moderates the broiler's adaptation to fasting-refeeding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A429 EP A429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302473 ER PT J AU Saari, JT Bode, AM AF Saari, JT Bode, AM TI Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is elevated in hearts of copper-deficient rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A371 EP A371 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302146 ER PT J AU Schoene, NW Kamara, KS AF Schoene, NW Kamara, KS TI Endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and population doubling times in Jurkat cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Fd Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A352 EP A352 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302037 ER PT J AU Schuschke, D Falcone, J Saari, J Fleming, J Percival, S Miller, F AF Schuschke, D Falcone, J Saari, J Fleming, J Percival, S Miller, F TI Acetylcholine-induced endothelial cell calcium mobilization is reduced in copper-deficient rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A372 EP A372 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302147 ER PT J AU Serafini, M Wu, D Beharka, A Maiani, G Ferro-Luzzi, A Meydani, SN AF Serafini, M Wu, D Beharka, A Maiani, G Ferro-Luzzi, A Meydani, SN TI Quercetin supplementation increases IL-2 production and T lymphocyte proliferation in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Inst Nutr, Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A50 EP A50 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300289 ER PT J AU Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC AF Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC TI Nuclear vitamin D receptor level modulates calcitriol-mediated 24-hydroxylase gene expression in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ N Carolina, Grad Program Nutr, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A209 EP A209 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301209 ER PT J AU Shew, SB Jaksic, T Jahoor, F Heird, WC AF Shew, SB Jaksic, T Jahoor, F Heird, WC TI Low erythrocyte glutathione concentrations (RBC-GSH) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates do not improve with cysteine-HCl (CYS) supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A547 EP A547 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303152 ER PT J AU Shi, SS Blumberg, JB Suzuki, YJ AF Shi, SS Blumberg, JB Suzuki, YJ TI Regulation of AP-1 and GATA4 transcription factors by homocysteine and cysteine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A129 EP A129 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300742 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC South, PK Levander, OA AF Smith, AD Guidry, CA Morris, VC South, PK Levander, OA TI Selenium (Se) deprived and gold-treated cells in culture: Developing a model to study effects of oxidative stress on viral evolution. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A247 EP A247 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301425 ER PT J AU Song, YJ Kim, CH Lee, EY Paik, HY King, JC AF Song, YJ Kim, CH Lee, EY Paik, HY King, JC TI Factors related to bone density in female college students in Korea. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, WHNRC, San Francisco, CA USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 151, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A579 EP A579 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303337 ER PT J AU South, PK Morris, VC Smith, AD Levander, OA AF South, PK Morris, VC Smith, AD Levander, OA TI Effect of selenium deficiency in mice fed normal and high iron diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A249 EP A249 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301436 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Reinhardt, TA AF Stabel, JR Reinhardt, TA TI Retinoic acid enhances proliferative responses of IL-6-dependent 7TD1.B3 cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NADC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A148 EP A148 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300851 ER PT J AU Stern, LL Choi, SW Mason, JB Selhub, J AF Stern, LL Choi, SW Mason, JB Selhub, J TI Genomic DNA hypomethylation in homozygotes for the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A373 EP A373 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302155 ER PT J AU Sutherland, B Van Loan, M Woodhouse, LR King, JC AF Sutherland, B Van Loan, M Woodhouse, LR King, JC TI Effect of low zinc diet on body composition and basal metabolic rate in men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A569 EP A569 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303280 ER PT J AU Tang, F Wu, D Meydani, M AF Tang, F Wu, D Meydani, M TI Green tea flavonoids inhibit human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) angiogenesis via suppression of IL-8 production. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A371 EP A371 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302141 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, EO TI Compartmental model of orally administered nickel (Ni) in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A577 EP A577 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303327 ER PT J AU Vann, RC Reeds, PJ Steele, NC Nguyen, HV Vargas, JM Davis, TA AF Vann, RC Reeds, PJ Steele, NC Nguyen, HV Vargas, JM Davis, TA TI Somatotropin inhibits insulin effects on protein metabolism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A53 EP A53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300302 ER PT J AU Walter, MF Levin, NW Nightingale, ZD Handelman, GJ AF Walter, MF Levin, NW Nightingale, ZD Handelman, GJ TI Plasma isoprostanes markers of oxidative stress in patients on long term hemodialysis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Renal Res Inst, New York, NY 10128 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A564 EP A564 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303250 ER PT J AU Wastney, ME House, WA AF Wastney, ME House, WA TI Zinc kinetics in metallothionein-knockout mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A214 EP A214 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301239 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Heird, WC Smith, EO AF Wong, WW Heird, WC Smith, EO TI Protein is a necessary component of the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A208 EP A208 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301203 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Wang, XD Liu, C Smith, D Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Wang, XD Liu, C Smith, D Russell, RM TI Lutein absorption is minimal in ferrets and in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A552 EP A552 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303181 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Rasmussen, H Johnson, EJ Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Rasmussen, H Johnson, EJ Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Serum carotenoid concentrations in elderly can be modified by diet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A554 EP A554 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303195 ER PT J AU Zaslavsky, B Uthus, EO AF Zaslavsky, B Uthus, EO TI Prediction of dietary copper zinc and iron based on response factors in blood and plasma of rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A535 EP A535 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033303086 ER PT J AU Laymon, CA Crosson, WL Soman, VV Belisle, WR Coleman, TL Fahsi, A Manu, A Senwo, ZN Tsegaye, TD O'Neill, PE Jackson, TJ AF Laymon, CA Crosson, WL Soman, VV Belisle, WR Coleman, TL Fahsi, A Manu, A Senwo, ZN Tsegaye, TD O'Neill, PE Jackson, TJ TI Huntsville'96: an experiment in ground-based microwave remote sensing of soil moisture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB 'Huntsville '96' was an experiment in ground-based remote sensing to acquire data needed to test and refine algorithms to estimate soil moisture on bare and vegetated plots. Remote sensing instruments included a L, S, and C-band microwave radiometer and a L, C, and X-band radar. The remote sensing measurements were supported with automated and manual measurements of numerous soil and vegetation variables. The remote sensing instruments were able to detect both the large surface moisture changes due to rainfall and subsequent drying as well as the diurnal fluctuations in moisture. These data will be used to refine techniques to estimate moisture in the surface layer of soil, address issues related to the sensitivity of algorithms, the integration of data from passive and active systems, and the use of surface soil moisture estimates to increase the accuracy of soil moisture profile estimates. Although in-depth analyses of the data are underway, collaboration with other investigators is being encouraged. C1 Inst Global Change Res & Educ, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Hydrol Soil Climatol & Remote Sensing, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Laymon, CA (reprint author), Inst Global Change Res & Educ, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, 977 Explorer Blvd, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1080/014311699213244 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 177JJ UT WOS:000079206600013 ER PT J AU Goelz, JCG Burk, TE Zedaker, SM AF Goelz, JCG Burk, TE Zedaker, SM TI Long-term growth trends of red spruce and fraser fir at Mt Rogers, Virginia and Mt Mitchell, North Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; height growth; radial growth; stem analysis ID CENTRAL-EUROPE; TIME-SERIES; FORESTS; DECLINE; MOUNTAINS; WALDSTERBEN AB Cross-sectional area growth and height growth of Fraser fir and red spruce toes growing in Virginia and North Carolina were analyzed to identify possible long-term growth trends. Cross-sectional area growth provided no evidence of growth decline. The individual discs were classified according to parameter estimates of the growth trend equation. The predominant pattern of growth was a steady increase followed by fluctuation about a horizontal line. Other cross-sections exhibited a steady increase throughout the series. The only discs that represent declining growth patterns were from trees in subordinate crown position or which had previous top damage. No unexplained growth decline was present in any disc. The results regarding height growth were uncertain. A slight decline in height growth was present although we suggest that this observation was due to problems with the data or the model used to fit height growth. These Endings contradict other studies suggesting that a recent growth decline has occurred in red spruce in the southern Appalachians. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Goelz, JCG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 115 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00435-6 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 171ZA UT WOS:000078893800005 ER PT J AU Kerem, Z Jensen, KA Hammel, KE AF Kerem, Z Jensen, KA Hammel, KE TI Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular hydroquinone-driven fenton reaction SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brown rot; wood decay; quinone redox cycling; fenton reaction; hydroxyl radical; polyethylene glycol ID HYDROXYL RADICALS; FUNGUS; ACID; WOOD; DEGRADATION; CHELATORS; REDUCTION; LIGNIN AB We have identified hey components of the extracellular oxidative system that the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses to degrade a recalcitrant polymer, polyethylene glycol, via hydrogen abstraction reactions. G. trabeum produced an extracellular metabolite, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and reduced it to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone. In the presence of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, the fungus also reduced extracellular Fe 3+ to Fe2+ and produced extracellular H2O2 Fe3+ reduction and H2O2 formation both resulted from a direct, non-enzymatic reaction between 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and Fe3+, polyethylene glycol depolymerization by G. trabeum required both 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and Fe3+ and was completely inhibited by catalase. These results provide evidence that G. trabeum uses a hydroquinone-driven Fenton reaction to cleave polyethylene glycol. We propose that similar reactions account for the ability of G. trabeum to attack lignocellulose. (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USDA, Inst Microbiol & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Inst Microbiol & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 27 TC 183 Z9 189 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 446 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00180-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 175YF UT WOS:000079123100012 PM 10100613 ER PT J AU Cohen, E Maxwell, RJ Donoghue, DJ AF Cohen, E Maxwell, RJ Donoghue, DJ TI Automated multi-residue isolation of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials from fortified and incurred chicken liver using on-line microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with programmable fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE fluoroquinolones; sarafloxacin; oxolinic acid; flumequine ID ONLINE DIALYSIS; OXOLINIC ACID; SAMPLE PREPARATION; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; FISH-TISSUES; UV DETECTION; FLUMEQUINE; PLASMA; ENROFLOXACIN; METABOLITE AB Isolation of the quinolones, sarafloxacin (SAR), oxolinic acid (OXA), and flumequine (FMQ), from fortified chicken liver tissues, and SAR incurred chicken Liver tissues was achieved by combined liquid-liquid extraction and aqueous on-line microdialysis using the automated trace enrichment of dialysates (ASTED) system. Analysis of tissue isolates after ASTED clean-up was performed using reversed-phase HPLC and programmable fluorescence detection. Overall recoveries of SAR, OXA and FMQ from samples fortified over a concentrations range of 1-100 ppb were 94, 97 and 87% with overall inter-assay variability of 4.2, 4.1 and 3.6%, respectively. Chicken liver samples incurred with SAR at three concentration levels also were tested by the ASTED method. The method exhibited high peak resolution (3.4-4.2 on average), a high signal-to-noise ratio, and demonstrated good precision. The ASTED-HPLC method overall had a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 ppb, and a Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1 ppb. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Maxwell, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rmaxwell@arserrc.gov NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 724 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00591-X PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 175PN UT WOS:000079103700015 PM 10202966 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG McGuire, WJ Christenson, RK TI Cortisol concentrations in early porcine embryos SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cortisol; embryo; swine ID SMALL-INTESTINE; LATE-GESTATION; FETAL; PIG; GROWTH; SWINE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; DIFFERENTIATION; STIMULATION; HORMONE AB A study was conducted to determine the presence of cortisol in body tissue of porcine embryos at days 25 and 35 of gestation. Cortisol concentrations (ng/mg DNA) were low but measurable at day 25 and increased eightfold by day 35 during a time when body weight increased 6.4-fold. At day 35, there was a highly significant positive linear regression of body weight on cortisol concentrations. The source of this embryonic cortisol is not known, but its presence suggests the opportunity for cortisol to influence porcine embryonic development at these early gestational stages. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Klemcke, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 64 IS 15 BP 1307 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00065-X PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 177ZK UT WOS:000079240800007 PM 10227586 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Sheehy, JE AF Sinclair, TR Sheehy, JE TI Erect leaves and photosynthesis in rice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 7 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 5407 BP 1456 EP 1457 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173AR UT WOS:000078959200021 ER PT J AU Hyde, J Jurch, G Baldwin, E Echeverria, E AF Hyde, J Jurch, G Baldwin, E Echeverria, E TI Low temperature induction of acid invertase activity in flavedo tissue of late season grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE chilling injury; cold treatment ID CHILLING INJURY; REDUCING SUGAR; INHIBITOR; RESISTANCE; PEEL AB Peel tissue from deacclimated late season grapefruit was examined for the capacity to develop cold induced acid invertase. Experimental fruit were subjected to three prolonged temperature treatments (17 days at 25 degrees C, or 17 days at 4 degrees C +/- an additional 24 h at 25 degrees C) and the flavedo examined for acid invertase activity immediately after the respective temperature treatment. Invertase activity was not detected when soluble extracts were assayed directly after desalting. However, after isoelectric separation, invertase activity was detected only in samples from cold treated fruit. Cell-wall pellets were also devoid of invertase activity when measured directly. After washing with high ionic buffer (containing 1M NaCl), activity was recovered in the same cold treated samples. The data indicate that the peel of late season grapefruit retain the capacity to develop acid invertase in response to cold treatment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab Res, USDA, Winter Havem, FL 33883 USA. RP Echeverria, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAR 5 PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00223-4 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 159HV UT WOS:000078167300004 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Bausserman, L Jacques, PF Liaugaudas, G Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Bostom, AG Bausserman, L Jacques, PF Liaugaudas, G Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Homocysteine, arteriosclerosis, & the "reverse causality" hypothesis: Ignorance of renal function is not bliss SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 2 PY 1999 VL 99 IS 8 MA P82 BP 1122 EP 1122 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 171BC UT WOS:000078841500132 ER PT J AU Watts, DG Fausey, NR Bucks, DA AF Watts, DG Fausey, NR Bucks, DA TI Background of the MSEA-RZWQM modeling project SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) project was established in 1990 as a part of the Midwest Water Quality Initiative to evaluate the effect of agricultural management practices and systems on the quality of water resources, to increase understanding of processes affecting water contamination, and to develop cost-effective strategies to reduce water contamination from pesticides and plant nutrients. The Midwest was chosen because it produces so much of the country's corn (>80%) and soybean (approximate to 70%) crops, and consumes >50% of the N fertilizer and almost 60% of the herbicides applied. The MSEA project collected a large volume of data across a wide region. Properly calibrated and validated, simulation models could use this database to estimate water quality impacts over much longer periods than the expected life of the MSEA field program and to simulate responses for other combinations of soils, management systems, and weather conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was chosen for model improvement, calibration, and validation, to be followed by multilocation simulation of several specific management systems used in Midwest corn and corn-soybean production. Model improvement was an iterative process across multiple locations. The next seven papers in this issue provide an overview of RZWQM Version 3.2, an explanation of the calibration-validation process, and documentation of that process and the modeling at MSEA locations in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Colorado. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nat Resources & Sustainable Agr Syst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watts, DG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 230 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800001 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD Rojas, KW Shaffer, MJ AF Hanson, JD Rojas, KW Shaffer, MJ TI Calibrating the root zone water quality model SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Techniques to reliably calibrate computer models are needed before the models can be applied to help solve natural resource problems. The USDA-ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict hydrologic and chemical response, including potential for ground-water contamination, of agricultural management systems. RZWQM Version 3.2 was calibrated and evaluated at sites in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and Ohio as part of the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) project and at a site near Sterling in northeastern Colorado. Soil horizon description and a description of the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil were required to initialize the model. Calibration for nutrient cycling involved adjusting the model coefficients for mineralization, infiltration, and denitrification. Initial N pool sizes were estimated using medium to long-term computer simulations. Maximum N uptake rate, plant respiration, specific leaf area, and the effect of age at the time of propagule development and senescence were used to calibrate the plant production and yield component. To match the observed results for soil water, N, and plant growth, an iterative approach for calibrating the model was followed. When done methodically, total biomass estimates were within 5%, yield estimates were within 10%, and N uptake was within 20% of field measurements. Calibration of the C and N dynamics module produced results that were generally within 20 to 50 kg ha(-1) of measured values for soil profile NO3--N. Independent evaluations of the calibrated model focused on four indicator output variables related to plant growth-total biomass, yield, N uptake, and N in the soil profile. Predictions matched the observed data in most cases. The crop model is very sensitive to plant N content. Even small errors in simulating N uptake levels can result in substantial errors in estimates of yield and total aboveground biomass. The model predicted biomass and yield well on irrigated and most dryland management systems and adequately simulated crop variables at various positions along the landscape. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hanson, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,Highway 6 S, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 4 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800002 ER PT J AU Wu, LS Chen, W Baker, JM Lamb, JA AF Wu, LS Chen, W Baker, JM Lamb, JA TI Evaluation of the root zone water quality model using field-measured data from a sandy soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE AB Testing of simulation models against field-measured data is an important step that must be taken before a model can be used as a management tool. Field soil water contents, intensively measured by time-domain reflectometry (TDR) on a Zimmerman fine sand soil (Argic Udipsamments) in the Minnesota Management System Evaluation Area (MSEA), were used to evaluate the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) over two rotated crop growing seasons in 1992 (corn, Zea mays L,) and 1993 [soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr,], The model was evaluated based on laboratory-measured soil hydraulic properties, Reasonable agreement exists between the daily TDR-measured and RZWQM-predicted water contents for the upper soil depths. However, the model overestimated the lower soil profile, leading to a consistent overestimation of the total water depth (TWD) in the entire root zone (0 to 150 cm) during both the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons. The maximum errors in TWD for the entire root zone were 2.47 and 2.77 cm, respectively, in 1992 and 1993, Predictions of solute transport by RZWQM were examined for three herbicides: atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one]. Comparison between measured and predicted soil herbicide concentrations averaged over the top 15-cm layer showed that the model matched the temporal changes of the field measurements reasonably well, although the measurements showed that all pesticides were somewhat more persistent over time than the model predicted. C1 AgrEvo Res Ctr, Pikeville, NC 27863 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), AgrEvo Res Ctr, 703 NORAM Rd, Pikeville, NC 27863 USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800003 ER PT J AU Ghidey, F Alberts, EE Kitchen, NR AF Ghidey, F Alberts, EE Kitchen, NR TI Evaluation of the root zone water quality model using field-measured data from the Missouri MSEA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDES; RUNOFF; SOIL AB The USDA-ARS Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive computer model developed to simulate water, chemical, and biological processes in the root zone of agricultural management systems. The model is capable of evaluating the effects of various cropping and management practices on surface and ground water quality. In this study, the performance of RZWQM Version 3.2 was evaluated for a claypan soil, particularly surface runoff and chemical loss to surface runoff predictions. The model was calibrated and evaluated using data collected from the Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) and the Kingdom City runoff plots. Soil water predictions of the model compared well with those measured, particularly at the 15-, 60-, 75-, and 90-cm soil depths. In most cases, corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield predictions were within 15 and 20%, respectively, of those measured. Using the macropore option (constant cracking) greatly improved the prediction of chemical losses to seepage. Annual runoff simulated for corn and soybean under conventional and no-till systems was adequately predicted. The model underpredicted large runoff events and overpredicted runoff events that occurred after long dry periods when soil cracking was a dominant factor. The model overpredicted NO3-N concentrations in runoff but underpredicted concentrations in near-surface soils. Predicted and measured atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine- 2,4-diamine] and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide) concentrations in surface runoff compared well, particularly when the computed runoff was close to that measured. In this study, the model was run using the option of constant cracking in the soil. To improve the predictions of agrichemical losses to runoff and seepage, RZWQM should include the capability to predict variable soil cracking based on soil moisture. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Crooping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ghidey, F (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800004 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Miller, JG AF Jaynes, DB Miller, JG TI Evaluation of the root zone water quality model using data from the Iowa MSEA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD; SOIL; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT AB Before simulation models can be used to evaluate the benefits of alternative management;systems, their accuracy needs to be examined. This study evaluated the performance of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM Version 3.2) against crop yield and water, nitrate, and herbicide fate and transport during four years of a corn-soybean [Zea mays L.-Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. re model was calibrated and initialized using default values supplied with the model and adjusting model parameters to obtain stable organic matter and microorganism pools. The model was further calibrated to match mop yields for the first two years of measurements. For the second two years, predicted soybean yield was within 60kg ha(-1) (3%) of measured yield hut predicted corn yield was underpredicted by 790 kg ha(-1) (10%). Disagreements between modeled and measured yields may be due to factors not included in the model sad as disease and insect damage. The model estimated total soil nitrate content well, although nitrification rates during winter mere overestimated, Predicted nitrate leaching out of the root zone agreed well with measured losses to file drainage. Predictions of herbicide residues with the one-parameter lumped dissipation model option were best after reducing the expected half-lives of metribuzin [4-smino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], or atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], by a factor of four, The two-parameter lumped half-life model option improved the prediction for atrazine hut not for metribuzin. Predictions of herbicide losses in drainage water mere overestimated in the second par following herbicide application. Neither nitrate nor herbicide concentrations in the soil profile were modeled satisfactorily. Invoking the macropore option of the model did not consistently improve model prediction of herbicide leaching. Overall, the model shows promise in predicting the interplay of climate, soil, and management on crop yield and nitrate fate, but evaluation over a wider range of conditions is needed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800005 ER PT J AU Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA Sherrod, LA AF Farahani, HJ Buchleiter, GW Ahuja, LR Peterson, GA Sherrod, LA TI Seasonal evaluation of the root zone water quality model in Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB Evaluation of agricultural simulation models against field observations is needed to gauge their usefulness. This study was conducted to assess the ability of the Root Zone Water Qualify Model (RZWQM) to simulate dryland and irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) production systems in semiarid eastern Colorado. The model was first parameterized for corn using field data from a single season. Different parameters were identified for irrigated and dryland corn. The parameterized model was run on independent data sets from the following year (irrigated) and different soils and sites (dryland) and model results mere compared with field measurements. Differences between modeled and measured components of soil water content, evapotranspiration, grain yield and biomass, and crop N uptake ranged from 1 to 23% in the dryland study and from 1 to 28% in the irrigated study, On a seasonal basis, model estimates of seepage below the roof zone were within 3% of measured values, while NO3-N leaching was overpredicted by 79%. Note that model parameterization relied solely on single-season data. This could potentially produce bias in parameter values due to tbe narrowness of the prevailing conditions during that single season. For this reason and for the purpose of using the model to assess the long-term impact of alternative practices, further work on parameterization and evaluation of the model needs to focus on using experimental observations from multiple seasons. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Farahani, HJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800007 ER PT J AU Landa, FM Fausey, NR Nokes, SE Hanson, JD AF Landa, FM Fausey, NR Nokes, SE Hanson, JD TI Plant production model evaluation for the root zone water quality model (RZWQM 3.2) in Ohio SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) project focused on developing and evaluating improved agricultural management systems and predictive models. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is an environmental model for simulating water, chemical, and biological response of agricultural management systems, This paper presents calibration and evaluation of the generic plant production model of RZWQM, as well as some evaluation results fur the nitrate and soil water content predictions. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] biomass data collected at the Ohio MSEA from 1991 to 1993 were used for evaluation, Data from 1992 were used in calibrating RZWQM, and data from two other years (1991 and 1993) at the same site were used for validation. Crop growth predictions were compared with observed values of leaf, stem, and seed biomass collected throughout the growing season. Leaf and stem biomass predictions generally fell within 1 SD of the observed values, but For all years there were dates when predictions were outside of the observed range. RZWQM predicted seed biomass or yield adequately for all 3 years, with predictions falling within 1 SD of the observed values, Soil water content estimates for corn were higher than observed values late in the season, perhaps because of underestimates of evapotranspiration due to errors in leaf area predictions, The model overpredicted nitrate concentrations for the corn plot late in the season. Nitrate concentrations for the soybean plot,were generally underpredicted. These differences may be due to underestimates of the fast humus pool of the nutrient model and of the NZ fixation rate for soybean. More evaluation is needed to refine the nitrate and soil water content predictions. C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Food Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosys & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Fausey, NR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 220 EP 227 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800008 ER PT J AU Tubiello, FN Rosenzweig, C Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Garcia, RL AF Tubiello, FN Rosenzweig, C Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Wall, GW Hunsaker, DJ LaMorte, RL Garcia, RL TI Testing CERES-wheat with free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment data: CO2 and water interactions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WINTER-WHEAT; USE EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; RESPONSES; SIMULATIONS; ECOSYS; YIELD AB Dynamic crop-growth models are used to project the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climate change on crop yields. Such model predictions are largely untested in the field, for lack of experimental data. We tested the CERES-Wheat model, modified to include leaf-level photosynthesis response to elevated CO2, using field data from 2 yr of Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) in Mariclopa, AZ. Two irrigation treatments (well-watered, WW; water-deficit stressed, WS) and two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ambient, 350 mu mol mol(-1); elevated, 550 mu mol mol(-1)) were simulated. The model was evaluated using measurements of crop phenology, aboveground dry matter (DM) production, grain yield, and evapotranspiration (ET). Model calculations of crop phenology were within 2 to 3 d of observed values under WW, ambient CO2 conditions in both years. The model did not simulate the accelerated crop phenology (5-8 d at physiological maturity) observed in the WW and elevated CO2 treatments, indicating the need to include effects of increased stomatal resistance on canopy temperature. Simulations of DM and grain yield were within 10% of measured values, except for a tendency to overcalculate DM response to CO2 by 10 to 15% in Year 1 for WS treatments. The model undercalculated cumulative ET under WW conditions by 15%; model sensitivity analyses suggest that simulation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) was too low for this arid site. The model reproduced measured dynamics of CO2-water interactions. Simulated reductions in water loss due to elevated CO2 were about 4%, in agreement with measurements. The model simulated larger increases in DM production and yield due to elevated CO2 under WS than under WW conditions. In Year 1, simulated crop response to CO2 was 2% larger (measured: 3%) under WS than under WW conditions; in Year 2, it was 11% larger (measured: 9%). The ability to simulate CO2-water interactions, though it needs to be further evaluated with additional experimental datasets, is an important attribute of models used to project crop yields under elevated CO2 and climate change. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Tubiello, FN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800012 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, JM Russelle, MP Lamb, JFS AF Blumenthal, JM Russelle, MP Lamb, JFS TI Subsoil nitrate and bromide uptake by contrasting alfalfa entries SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; FERTILIZATION; YIELD; FIXATION; MOVEMENT; TRACER AB The data clearly indicate nutrient stratification occurring within the row and with soil depth on three soils after 6 years of no-till cotton. Stratification of P was observed in the three soils. Mehlich-1 P was greater in the IR position for two soils, but was greater in the BR position in one soil. Regardless of these results, soil test ratings would not have been affected by sampling position. Although differences in Mehlich-1 P were not of any practical significance, additional time in no-till would be likely to magnify these differences and so might affect fertilizer recommendations. Mehlich-1 K was greater in IR samples and would have affected soil test ratings, depending on the soil and the fertilizer K rate. These data indicate that additional information on sampling techniques is needed to properly assess the nutrient levels of cotton fields after 6 years in no-till production. These data also indicate that additional information is needed to evaluate vertical stratification within different soils. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Plant Sci Res Unit, Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Ext Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Univ Minnesota, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Plant Sci Res Unit, Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800015 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Eischen, FA Wilson, WT AF Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Eischen, FA Wilson, WT TI Pesticide resistance in Varroa mites: Theory and practice SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 139 IS 3 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 178LQ UT WOS:000079267500011 ER PT J AU Sylvester, HA Watts, RP De Guzman, LI Stelzer, JA Rinderer, TE AF Sylvester, HA Watts, RP De Guzman, LI Stelzer, JA Rinderer, TE TI Varroa in the mating yard: II. The effects of Varroa and fluvalinate on drone mating competitiveness SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An experiment was conducted to determine whether drones that are produced in Varroa-infested or Apistan(R)-treated honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies are able to mate and produce worker offspring in competition with drones from uninfested and untreated colonies. The experimental treatments were identified in workers and drones using a DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Virgin queens naturally mated to the three types of drones at an isolated mating area. It was found that the ratio of workers descended from each type of drones was the same as the ratio of parental drones available for mating. This indicates that the drones that survive to mating age from Varroa-infested, Apistan(R)-treated and control colonies are equally able to mate and produce offspring. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Sylvester, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 139 IS 3 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 178LQ UT WOS:000079267500021 ER PT J AU Ayres, DR Ryan, FJ AF Ayres, DR Ryan, FJ TI Genetic diversity and structure of the narrow endemic Wyethia reticulata and its congener W-bolanderi (Asteraceae) using RAPD and allozyme techniques SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; clonal perennials; chaparral; gene flow; genetic diversity; plant congeners; population membership; Wyethia ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BREEDING STRUCTURE; F-STATISTICS; RARE; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; SYSTEM; PLANT AB Wyethia reticulata is an edaphic endemic in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Its sympatric congener; W. bolanderi, is also restricted to the foothills, but has a north-south range of 275 km, compared to 14 km for W. reticulata. The goals of this study were to determine clonal diversity, population size, genetic variation, and spatial and generic structure for each species from paired populations in El Dorado County, California, using allozyme and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) methodologies. Wyethia reticulata, spreading by rhizomes, had populations dominated by a few large individuals, while W. bolanderi, with a basal caudex, had populations of a few hundred evenly sized individuals. Genetic analyses indicated that W. reticulata, compared to its congener, had somewhat less genetic diversity (H-I: 0.28 vs. 0.38), had more of its genetic variation partitioned among populations (F-ST: 0.25 vs. 0.07), and showed a complete absence of inbreeding (F-IS: -0.03 vs. 0.22). Population membership in accord with populations defined by geographical location resulted only when all markers were included in the analysis. Ecological limits on recruitment of genets appears to result in small population size in W. reticulata. Limited gene flow, drift within small populations, and sexual reproductive dominance of large clones result in the genetic divergence of populations in this species, while genetic diversity is maintained by the longevity of clones and outbreeding. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Ayres, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Bodega, Marine Lab, Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. EM drayres@ucdavis.edu NR 46 TC 68 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 86 IS 3 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.2307/2656756 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 177VM UT WOS:000079231800004 PM 10077497 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ McCallum, JE Yao, MJ Vinken, AG Hays, NP Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ McCallum, JE Yao, MJ Vinken, AG Hays, NP Roberts, SB TI Dietary variety within food groups: association with energy intake and body fatness in men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary variety; dietary fat; dietary composition; body composition; obesity; energy intake; adults; vegetables ID OBESITY; MEAL; FAT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OVERWEIGHT; PATTERNS; HUMANS; WEIGHT AB Background: Short-term experimental studies suggest that dietary variety may influence body fatness but no long-term human studies have been reported. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary variety within food groups influences energy intake and body fatness. Design: Seventy-one healthy men and women (aged 20-80 y), who provided accurate reports of dietary intake and completed a body-composition assessment, were studied. Results: Dietary variety was positively associated with energy intake within each of 10 food groups (r = 0.27-0.56. P < 0.05), In multiple regression analysis with age and sex controlled for, dietary variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrees, and carbohydrates (as a group) was positively associated with body fatness (partial r = 0.38, P = 0.001) whereas variety from vegetables was negatively associated (partial r = -0.31, P = 0.01) (R-2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001). Ln separate models, both a variety ratio (variety of vegetables/variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrees, and carbohydrates) and percentage dietary fat were significant predictors of body fatness (controlled for age and sex, partial r = -0.39 and 0.31, respectively, P < 0.01). However, dietary fat was no longer significantly associated with body fatness when the variety ratio and dietary fat were included in the same model. Conclusions: Our data, coupled with those of previous shortterm studies, suggest that a high variety of sweets, snacks, condiments, entrees, and carbohydrates coupled with a low variety of vegetables promotes long-term increases in energy intake and body fatness. These findings may help explain the rising prevalance of obesity. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Roberts_em@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG00209, AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK09747] NR 34 TC 205 Z9 211 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 440 EP 447 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700015 PM 10075328 ER PT J AU Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ Miller, ER Maguire, MG Selhub, J Appel, LJ AF Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ Miller, ER Maguire, MG Selhub, J Appel, LJ TI Association of dietary protein intake and coffee consumption with serum homocysteine concentrations in an older population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; tHcy; diet; protein; coffee; folic acid; vitamin B-12; creatinine; vitamin supplements; observational study; elderly ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; GENETIC RISK FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HORDALAND HOMOCYSTEINE; METHIONINE METABOLISM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ELDERLY POPULATION AB Background: Elevated blood concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Previous studies identified suboptimal nutritional status and dietary intake of folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 as determinants of elevated tHcy. Objective: We identified other nutritional factors associated with tHcy in 260 retired schoolteachers in the Baltimore metropolitan area. Design: We performed observational analyses of baseline and 2-4-mo follow-up data collected in a study designed to test the feasibility of conducting a large-scale clinical trial of vitamin supplements by mail. The study population consisted of 151 women and 109 men with a median age of 63 y. At baseline, each participant completed a food-frequency questionnaire. At follow-up, fasting serum tHcy was measured. Results: In multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models, then was an independent. inverse dose-response relation between dietary protein and In tHcy (P = 0.002) and a positive, significant dose-response relation between coffee consumption and In tHcy (P for trend = 0.01). Other significant predictors of In tHcy were creatinine (positive; P = 0.0001) and prestudy use of supplemental B vitamins (inverse; P = 0.03), In stratified analyses restricted to persons receiving standard multivitamin therapy, the association of In tHcy with dietary protein and coffee persisted. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that increased protein intake and decreased coffee consumption may reduce tHcy and potentially prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other disease outcomes. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Ophthalmol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, 6006 Execut Blvd,Suite 321, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00722]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL02635] NR 59 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700019 PM 10075332 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL AF Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL TI Serum total homocysteine concentrations in adolescent and adult Americans: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine concentrations; occlusive vascular disease; age; sex; race; ethnic groups; nutrition surveys; adolescents; adults; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES III ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; COMMON MUTATION; RISK FACTOR; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; MEN AB Background: The elevation of circulating total homocysteine concentrations in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease. Objective: The primary goals of this study were to describe the distribution of serum total homocysteine concentrations in the United States and to test for differences in homocysteine concentrations among sex, age, and race-ethnicity categories. Design: Using surplus sera from phase 2 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured serum total homocysteine concentrations for a nationally representative sample of 3766 males and 4819 females aged greater than or equal to 12 y. Results: Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were 9.6 and 7.9 mmol/L in non-Hispanic white males and females, 9.8 and 8.2 mmol/L in non-Hispanic black males and females, and 9.4 and 7.4 mmol/L in Mexican American males and females, respectively. Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower in females than in males in each race-ethnicity group (P < 0.01) and were significantly lower in Mexican American females than in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic block females (P < 0.01). There was a significant age-se interaction (P < 0.01). reflecting the fact that homocysteine concentrations in females tended to diverge from those in males at younger ages and converge with those in males at older ages. Conclusions: The first data on homocysteine concentrations in a nationally representative sample of Americans confirm the age and ser; differences reported previously in nonrepresentative samples. These data also indicate that differences between Mexican American and non-Hispanic females may influence circulating homocysteine concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 41 TC 176 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 482 EP 489 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700021 PM 10075334 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Yang, DX Abrams, SA AF O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Yang, DX Abrams, SA TI Influence of prenatal iron and zinc supplements on supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant Peruvian women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; iron; zinc; pregnancy; anemia; ferritin; folate; Peru ID SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; NONHEME IRON; ANEMIA; DEFICIENCY; DELIVERY AB Background: It is estimated that 60% of pregnant women worldwide are anemic. Objective: We aimed to examine the influence of iron status on iron absorption during pregnancy by measuring supplemental iron absorption, red blood cell iron incorporation, and iron status in pregnant women. Design: Subjects were 45 pregnant Peruvian women (33 +/- 1 wk gestation), of whom 28 received daily prenatal supplements containing 60 mg Fe and 250 mu g folate without (Fe group, n = 14) or with (Fe+Zn group, II = 14) 15 mg Zn, which were were consumed from week 10 to 24 of gestation until delivery. The remaining 17 women (control) received no prenatal supplementation. Iron status indicators and isotopes were measured in maternal blood collected 2 wk postdosing with oral ((57)Fe) and intravenous ((58)Fe) stable iron isotopes. Results: Maternal serum ferritin and folate concentrations were significantly influenced by supplementation (P < 0.05), Serum iron was also significantly higher in the Fe than in the Fe+Zn (P < 0.03) or control (P < 0.001) groups. However, the supplemented groups had significantly lower serum zinc concentrations than the control group (8.4 +/- 2.3 and 10.9 +/- 1.8 mu mol/L, respectively, P < 0.01). Although percentage iron absorption was inversely related to maternal serum ferritin concentrations (P = 0.036), this effect was limited and percentage iron absorption did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Because absorption of nonheme iron was not substantially greater in pregnant women with depleted iron reserves, prenatal iron supplementation is important for meeting iron requirements during pregnancy. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kobrien@jhsph.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 31 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 509 EP 515 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700025 PM 10075338 ER PT J AU Desilets, DJ Davis, KE Nair, PP Salata, KF Maydonovitch, CL Howard, RS Kikendall, JW Wong, RKH AF Desilets, DJ Davis, KE Nair, PP Salata, KF Maydonovitch, CL Howard, RS Kikendall, JW Wong, RKH TI Lectin binding to human colonocytes is predictive of colonic neoplasia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY NOV 03-04, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; SAMBUCUS-NIGRA; TN ANTIGEN; CARCINOMA; MUCIN; MORTALITY; MUCOSA AB OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether lectin binding to exfoliated human colonocytes could be used as a noninvasive test for colorectal polyps or cancer. METHODS: Colonocytes were harvested from 31 patients (10 controls, 10 with adenomatous polyps, and 11 with cancer), incubated with a panel of fluorescent-labeled lectins, and assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The lectins jacalin (JAC) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were useful in predicting the presence of a colorectal neoplasm (p = 0.0018 for JAC and p = 0.0099 for WGA). For JAC, sensitivity reached 81% with a specificity of 80%, and for WGA the sensitivity and specificity were both 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Lectin binding to human colonocytes can predict the presence of malignant and premalignant lesions of the colon, and has potential as a noninvasive screening tool for colorectal neoplasms. (Am J Gastroenterol 1999,94: 744-750. (C) 1999 by Am. Cell. of Gastroenterology). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Gastroenterol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wong, RKH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Gastroenterol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 3 BP 744 EP 750 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 176CY UT WOS:000079134400037 PM 10086661 ER PT J AU Kang, YJ Li, GQ Saari, JT AF Kang, YJ Li, GQ Saari, JT TI Metallothionein inhibits ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse heart SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contractile force; creatine kinase; infarction; Langendorff; myocardium ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; OVEREXPRESSION; CARDIOTOXICITY; PROTECTION; CATALASE; RADICALS; CADMIUM AB Oxidative stress is believed to play a major role in ischemia-reperfusion injury to the heart. Metallothionein (MT), a potential free radical scavenger, may function in cardiac protection against ischemia-reperfusion damage. To test this hypothesis, a specific cardiac MT-overexpressing transgenic mouse model was used. The hearts isolated from these animals were subjected to 50 min of warm (37 degrees C) zero-flow ischemia followed by 60- or 90-min reflow. Compared with the nontransgenic controls, the transgenic mouse hearts with MT concentrations similar to 10-fold higher than normal showed significantly improved recovery of contractile force postischemia (69.2 +/- 4.2 vs. 26.0 +/- 6.0% at the end of 60-min reperfusion, P < 0.01). Efflux of creatine kinase from these transgenic hearts was reduced by more than 50% (P < 0.01). In addition, the zone of infarction induced by ischemia-reperfusion at the end of 90-min reperfusion was suppressed by similar to 40% (P < 0.01) in the transgenic hearts. The results strongly indicate that MT provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion-induced heart injury. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, 550 S Jackson St,3rd Floor,Ambulatory Care Bldg, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-68125] NR 29 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 276 IS 3 BP H993 EP H997 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 172CN UT WOS:000078904900026 PM 10070084 ER PT J AU Godoy, I Molina, RBG Camargo, ALAF Russell, RM Campana, AO Paiva, SAR AF Godoy, I Molina, RBG Camargo, ALAF Russell, RM Campana, AO Paiva, SAR TI Follow-up study of retinol serum levels in asthma patients during disease exacerbation and stability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Botucatu Sch Med, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A643 EP A643 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237103579 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Rhyan, JC Bolin, CA Saari, DA AF Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Rhyan, JC Bolin, CA Saari, DA TI Granuloma development in cattle after intratonsilar inoculation with Mycobacterium bovis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION AB Objective-To examine the temporal development of tuberculous lesions in cattle inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis. Animals-15 mature crossbred cows obtained from a herd with no history of M bovis infection. Procedure-Inoculation of cattle was done by intratonsilar instillation of 1.48 X 10(5) to 5.4 X 10(7) colony-forming units of M bovis strain 2045T. At 3 to 4 hours, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after inoculation, tissues were examined for gross and microscopic lesions and processed for isolation of M bovis. Results-Retropharyngeal lymph nodes from cattle examined 4 weeks after inoculation contained microgranulomas consisting of aggregates of macrophages with few neutrophils. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes from all cattle examined 6 and 8 weeks after inoculation contained multiple, large, coalescing granulomas consisting of central areas of necrosis with mild fibrosis, numerous macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, multinucleated giant coils, and neutrophils. Three of 8 cattle examined 6 or 8 weeks after inoculation had lesions in nonretropharyngeal sites with morphologic characteristics similar to that seen in retropharyngeal lymph node granulomas from cattle examined 4 weeks after inoculation. Conclusion-Granulomas can develop in draining lymph nodes of cattle in as little as 4 weeks after inoculation via intratonsilar instillation of M bovis. Intralesional morphologic changes between 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation indicate an increase in cellular chemotaxis and differentiation. Dissemination of bacteria to distant sites most likely was by lymphatic and hematogenous routes after establishment of the primary infection in retropharyngeal lymph nodes. C1 ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Pathobiol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv,USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 190RP UT WOS:000079978700016 PM 10188812 ER PT J AU Mengeling, WL Vorwald, AC Lager, KM Clouser, DF Wesley, RD AF Mengeling, WL Vorwald, AC Lager, KM Clouser, DF Wesley, RD TI Identification and clinical assessment of suspected vaccine-related field strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; ISOLATE; VR-2332; PIGS; RNA AB Objective-To determine the origin and clinical relevance of selected strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV). Animals-38 pigs without antibodies for PRRSV. Procedure-A seemingly uncommon restriction endonuclease digestion site in a commercially available vaccine strain of attenuated PRRSV was tested for its stability and prevalence under defined conditions, Selected field strains of PRRSV, with or without the restriction-site marker, were subsequently tested in pigs for virulence and for their ability to replicate competitively in pigs simultaneously given the vaccine. Results-Under experimental conditions, the restriction-site marker was stable during long-term infection of pigs, It was not detected in any of the 25 field strains of PRRSV that were isolated before use of the vaccine or 21 of 25 field strains that were isolated after use of the vaccine but that, on the basis of previous testing, were believed unrelated to the vaccine strain. Conversely it was detected in 24 of 25 field strains that were isolated after use of the vaccine and that, on the basis of previous testing, were believed to be direct-line descendants of the vaccine strain. Putative vaccine-related strains caused more pronounced pathologic changes than did the vaccine strain alone, and they predominated during replication in pigs also given the vaccine strain. Conclusions-In some swine herds, the vaccine strain may have persisted and mutated to a less attenuated form. Clinical Relevance-The potential for persistence and mutation of specific strains of virus should be an important consideration when designing vaccination programs involving attenuated PRRSV. C1 ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mengeling, WL (reprint author), ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 190RP UT WOS:000079978700020 PM 10188816 ER PT J AU Willis, RB Allen, PR AF Willis, RB Allen, PR TI Measurement of amorphous ferric phosphate to assess iron bioavailability in diets and diet ingredients SO ANALYST LA English DT Article AB A method of measuring amorphous ferric phosphate in the presence of crystalline ferric phosphate is described. This procedure is important because there appears to be a big difference in availability between the amorphous and crystalline forms of ferric phosphate. This difference has been proven for two situations. In the first situation, when amorphous ferric phosphate is used as the source of iron for gypsy moths, growth is normal, but if the crystalline form is used, results are identical to the case when no iron is used. In the second situation, several plant species have been reported to grow much better when amorphous ferric phosphate is used instead of crystalline ferric phosphate as the source of phosphate in fertilizer. Differentiation of the amorphous from the crystalline uses citrate solutions that extract the amorphous form but not the crystalline form. The procedure was optimized for three different sample forms: agar based artificial diet, Wesson salt dagger (a salt mixture containing all recommended minerals for insect diets), and pure ferric phosphate. A method for overcoming a problem with turbidity that occurs when analyzing some prepared diets is also described. C1 USDA, FS, NERS, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Willis, RB (reprint author), USDA, FS, NERS, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD MAR PY 1999 VL 124 IS 3 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1039/a807820c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 177VT UT WOS:000079232300036 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Plattner, RD Willett, JL AF Striegel, AM Plattner, RD Willett, JL TI Dilute solution behavior of dendrimers and polysaccharides: SEC, ESI-MS, and computer modeling SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; POLYMERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMISTRY; SIZE AB Dendrimers, the most highly branched structures achievable, have found numerous uses in the chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical fields. We have employed size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with universal calibration to determine molecular weight averages, distributions, intrinsic viscosities, and structural parameters of Starburst dendrimers, dextrans, and the starch degradation polysaccharides known as maltodextrins. Comparisons have been made in the dilute solution behavior of dendrimers and polysaccharides with equivalent weight-average molecular weights. Intrinsic viscosities decreased in the order [eta](dextran) > [eta](dextrin) > [eta](dendrimer), While the difference between dendrimer and polysaccharides may be attributed to the higher branching of the former, which leads to a higher chain density in solution, the difference between dextran and dextrin is likely a result of the variation in solution behavior of alpha-(1-->6) vs alpha-(1-->4) linked carbohydrates, The solution behavior of the maltodextrins studied indicates that debranching in their manufacture appears to have been more thorough than in that of beta-limiting dextrins studied by other groups. Comparison of molecular radii obtained from SEC data to radii from molecular dynamics studies show Starburst dendrimers behave as theta-stars with functionality between 1 and 4. Additionally, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was employed to determine M-w, M-n, and PD of Astramol dendrimers. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), Solutia Inc, 730 Worcester St, Springfield, MA 01151 USA. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 978 EP 986 DI 10.1021/ac980871f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 171AR UT WOS:000078840300021 PM 21662768 ER PT J AU Mandebvu, P West, JW Froetschel, MA Hatfield, RD Gates, RN Hill, GM AF Mandebvu, P West, JW Froetschel, MA Hatfield, RD Gates, RN Hill, GM TI Effect of enzyme or microbial treatment of bermudagrass forages before ensiling on cell wall composition, end products of silage fermentation and in situ digestion kinetics SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; fibrolytic enzymes; microbial inoculant; ferulic acid; ether linkages; digestion kinetics ID DIETARY FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; INOCULANT; POLYSACCHARIDES; PRESERVATION; INSITU AB Tifton 85 bermudagrass (T85) and Coastal bermudagrass (CBG) established on adjacent plots and managed similarly were harvested after 3 or 6 weeks of regrowth and used to investigate the effects of fibrolytic enzymes or microbial inoculant treatment before ensiling on nutrient composition and recovery, cell wall chemistry and digestion. Prior to ensiling T85 had higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), similar concentrations of total lignin, and greater (p < 0.05) in vitro and in situ dry matter (DM) and NDF disappearances when compared with CBG. Coastal bermudgrass had higher ( p < 0.05) concentrations of acid-insoluble lignin and ether-linked ferulic acid (monomers and dimers), and lower concentrations of glucose and mannose than T85. Treatment of bermudagrass forages with microbial inoculant decreased (p < 0.05) concentrations of NDF, hemicellulose, butyrate, lactate, cell walls and acid-insoluble lignin, and increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of ammonia, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate in silages. Treatment of bermudagrass forages with fibrolytic enzymes had no effect on silage fiber concentration, cell wall carbohydrate fraction or concentration of p-coumaric and ferulic acids, but increased the concentration of butyrate. Among silages, T85 had higher (p < 0.05) in vitro and in situ dry matter DM and NDF disappearance and higher (p < 0.05) potentially digestible fractions and smaller (p < 0.05) indigestible fractions of DM and NDF than CBG. Treatment of bermudagrass forages with fibrolytic enzymes had no effect on in vitro or in situ DM or NDF disappearance of silages. Treatment of bermudagrass forages with microbial inoculant increased in situ DM disappearance at 72 h of incubation (p < 0.10) and the potentially digestible fraction of DM (p < 0.05) of silages. Although treatment of bermudagrass forages with microbial inoculant had no effect on silage in vitro or in situ NDF disappearance at 48 h of incubation, it increased in situ NDF disappearance at 72 h (p < 0.05) and the potentially digestible fraction of NDF. It is concluded that the greater cellulose content of cell walls with the same or less lignin in T85, and the greater concentration of ether-linked ferulic acid in CBG explain the greater digestibility of T85 when compared with CBG at similar stages of maturity. Treatment of bermudagrass forage at ensiling with microbial inoculants may have more potential than extracts of fibrolytic enzymes in improving silage fiber digestion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Wisconsin, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Miner Agr Res Inst, POB 100, New York, NY 12921 USA. EM mandep@westelcom.com NR 31 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00247-8 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 174KZ UT WOS:000079035500010 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Ammar, K Chen, DD AF Banowetz, GM Ammar, K Chen, DD TI Temperature effects on cytokinin accumulation and kernel mass in a dwarf wheat SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; endosperm development; heat stress; kernel mass; cytokinins ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MAIZE; GRAIN; CULTIVARS; DURATION; GROWTH; NUMBER AB The objectives of this study were: (I) to quantify post-anthesis kernel cytokinin levels in 'Tibet Dwarf', a dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that accumulates elevated quantities of leaf cytokinins; and (2) to measure the effects of temperature on kernel cytokinin accumulation and mature kernel mass in this wheat. Post-anthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation was measured in control plants maintained at 25/12 degrees C (day/night) and treated plants which received a 7 d exposure to 35/25 degrees C beginning at anthesis and grown to maturity at 25/15 degrees C. Zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (diHZ) and their respective ribosides were the predominant cytokinins detected in control and treated plants. Minimal quantities of isopentenyl adenine-type cytokinins were detected. Kernel cytokinin content peaked within 3 d after anthesis in both groups and returned to baseline levels within 1-2 d. Relative to controls, exposure to high temperature reduced kernel cytokinin content approx. 80% within I d after anthesis. Because kernel cytokinin in control Tibet Dwarf plants exceeded that previously measured in other varieties by over 100-fold, the reduced content of treated plants still exceeded that of untreated plants of other varieties. The increased cytokinin content did not enhance thermotolerance. The temperature treatment reduced mature kernel weights approx. 27%, similar to reductions measured in other wheat varieties. (C) 1999 Annals of Botany Company. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 83 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0823 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 171TJ UT WOS:000078879900012 ER PT J AU Bloem, S Bloem, KA Carpenter, JE Calkins, CO AF Bloem, S Bloem, KA Carpenter, JE Calkins, CO TI Inherited sterility in codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Effect of substerilizing doses of radiation on insect fecundity, fertility, and control SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; inherited sterility; sterile insect technique; fruit damage ID SUPPRESSION; NOCTUIDAE; MALES AB Male and female codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), were heated with increasing doses of gamma radiation, and the moths were either inbred or outcrossed with fertile counterparts. Fecundity of untreated females mated with heated males declined slowly with increasing doses of radiation. However, fecundity of treated females declined almost linearly with dose at approximate to 22% per 100 Gy. The minimum dose at which treated females were found to be 100% sterile when mated to untreated males was 100 Gy. This dose was much lower than previously suggested. Fertility of treated males declined almost linearly to approach 0 near 400 Gy. Inherited effects resulting from irradiation of P(1) males at selected doses were recorded for the F(1) generation. As the dose of radiation increased, F(1) fecundity and fertility decreased, mortality increased, and the F(1) sex ratio shifted in favor of male progeny. The effect of releasing partially sterile codling moth males and fully sterile females at a 10:1 overflooding ratio in conjunction with untreated codling moths was examined in field cages each containing a single apple tree. Fruit damage was significantly reduced in all treatments when compared with controls, and production of F(1) progeny were seen in cages containing moths treated with 100 Gy. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Okanagan Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Program, Osoyoos, BC V0H 1V0, Canada. ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bloem, S (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 92 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182PA UT WOS:000079506300010 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Copren, KA Getty, GM Lewis, VR AF Haverty, MI Copren, KA Getty, GM Lewis, VR TI Agonistic behavior and cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes of colonies of Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) from northern California SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes; aggression; competition; fighting; kin recognition; subterranean termites ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; SUDAN RED 7B; FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; FORAGING POPULATIONS; RECOGNITION; TERRITORIES; EASTERN; SIZE; DYE; GEORGIA AB Reticulitermes in northern California is supposed to be represented by R. hesperus Banks and R. tibialis Banks, yet at least 5 distinct cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes have been characterized. Three hydrocarbon phenotypes from the Institute of Forest Genetics near Placerville, CA, and 3 cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes from 2 separate sites in Marin County were used to characterize interactions of foraging groups or colonies at each site. Pairings from the same foraging group or different foraging groups of the same colony rarely resulted in immediate aggression and never resulted in high mortality. Pairings of workers from different foraging groups of the same cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype from either the Placerville or Marin sites resulted in few bouts (8 and 15%, respectively) with immediate aggression, but after 24 h, mortality was high in 56 and 81% of the bouts, respectively. Pairings from different cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes resulted in immediate aggression 48.8 and 61.5% of the time, respectively; nearly all of these (>99%) resulted in high mortality after 24 h. These results suggest that these Reticulitermes recognize hydrocarbon phenotypes, and can differentiate colony mates and alien workers within a cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype. Because kin discrimination suggests genetic relatedness among individuals, this bioassay will be useful for determining the association of foraging groups in ecological studies of Reticulitermes colonies in northern California and indirectly may indicate relatedness among colonies of the same hydrocarbon phenotype. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Forest Prod Lab, Struct Pest Res & Extens Ctr, 1301 S 46th St, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 53 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 92 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 182PA UT WOS:000079506300017 ER PT J AU Shi, SS Day, RM Halpner, AD Blumberg, JB Suzuki, YJ AF Shi, Susan S. Day, Regina M. Halpner, Andrew D. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Suzuki, Yuichiro J. TI Homocysteine and alpha-Lipoic Acid Regulate p44/42 MAP Kinase Phosphorylation in NIH/3T3 Cells SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Article AB Biological thiols can regulate cell signal transduction. The effects of two biothiols, (Hcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and alpha-lipoic acid (alpha LA), a therapeutic antioxidant, on p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation were examined in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Cells grown in serum-containing media had constitutive levels of MAPK phosphorylation as determined by Western blot analysis using the phospho-specific MAPK antibody. Treatment of cells with 20 mu M Hcy for 0-60 min resulted in a transient enhancement of MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, 20 mu M alpha LA inhibited serum-mediated phosphorylation of MAPK. The differential effects of these two thiols are not due to their redox states as oxidized Hcy ( Hcy thiolactone) enhanced MAPK phosphorylation. The effect of alpha LA appears to be serum-dependent because Hcy or alpha LA treatment of serum-deprived cells activated MAPK phosphorylation. Thus, alpha LA and Hcy can either induce common signal transduction pathways or differentially modulate MAPK phosphorylation, depending on the state of the cell. This relationship may be important to understand how some biothiols are associated with pathogenic events while others offer potential as therapeutic agents. Antiox. Redox Signal. 1, 123-128. C1 [Shi, Susan S.; Halpner, Andrew D.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Suzuki, Yuichiro J.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Day, Regina M.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Suzuki, YJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM SUZUKI_LP@HNRC.TUFTS.EDU FU National Heart Foundation; American Health Assistance Foundation; Yamanouchi USA Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Heart Foundation, a program of the American Health Assistance Foundation (to Y.J.S.), a gift from Yamanouchi USA Foundation (to J.B.B.), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture under cooperative agreement No. 58-1950-9-001 to (J.B.B.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1089/ars.1999.1.1-123 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V10YV UT WOS:000207500200011 PM 11225729 ER PT J AU de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE AF de Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE TI Identification and comparison of Varroa species infesting honey bees SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Review DE Varroa jacobsoni; Varroa underwoodi; Varroa rindereri; morphology; genotype; host range; distribution ID APIS-MELLIFERA COLONIES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; JACOBSONI OUD; MITE; CERANA; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; APIDAE; BRAZIL; MESOSTIGMATA AB Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, V. Underwoodi Delfinado-Baker and Aggarwal and V. rindereri de Guzman and Delfinado-Baker are obligatory parasites of honey bees. The key morphological characters, host range and geographic distribution of these three species are reviewed. The occurrence of different genotypes of V. jacobsoni, their geographic distribution and virulence on honey bet: hosts are discussed. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP de Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-JUN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1051/apido:19990201 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210AK UT WOS:000081082800002 ER PT J AU Harbo, JR Harris, JW AF Harbo, JR Harris, JW TI Selecting honey bees for resistance to Varroa jacobsoni SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Review DE Apis mellifera; mite; Varroa jacobsoni; resistant population; selective breeding ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; WORKER BROOD; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECTOPARASITIC MITE; GROOMING BEHAVIOR; REMOVAL BEHAVIOR; NON-REPRODUCTION; INFESTATION RATE AB This report describes a systematic approach to selecting honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for resistance to Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. The equation (P, (ab)(n) = P-2) describes the growth of the mite population in a colony of honey bees that has a constant supply of worker brood. P, and P? are the initial and final mite populations, n is population change while mites are in brood cells, b is population change outside brood cells and n is the number of reproductive cycles of the mite. By comparing the growth of mite populations in each colony (P-2/P-1,), one can determine which bees are more resistant to mites. The values of n, b and a provide details about the growth of the mite population by identifying which portion of the mite's reproductive cycle was affected. Selection should be based on specific characteristics of bees rather than on general changes in mite populations. When specific characteristics of bees affect different components of the reproductive cycle of the mite, it may be possible to combine the characteristics to produce bees that are more resistant to mites. (C) Inra/DIB/AGIB/Elsevier, Paris. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harbo, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-JUN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2-3 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1051/apido:19990208 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 210AK UT WOS:000081082800009 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Brown, RL Lax, AR Cleveland, TE Russin, JS AF Chen, ZY Brown, RL Lax, AR Cleveland, TE Russin, JS TI Inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by a corn trypsin inhibitor overexpressed in Escherichia coli SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MAIZE INHIBITOR; INFECTION; PROTEINS; WHEAT AB The cDNA of a 14-kDa trypsin inhibitor (TI) from corn was subcloned into an Escherichia coli overexpression vector. The overexpressed TI was purified based on its insolubility in urea and then refolded into the active form in vitro. This recombinant TI inhibited both conidium germination and hyphal growth of all nine plant pathogenic fungi studied, including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and I;Fusarium moniliforme. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration of TI for conidium germination ranged from 70 to more than 300 mu g/ml, and that fur fungal growth ranged from 33 to 124 mu g/ml depending on the fungal species. It also inhibited A. flavus and F. moniliforme simultaneously when they were tested together, The results suggest that the corn 14-kDa TI may function in host resistance against a variety of fungal pathogens of crops. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Brown, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM rbrown@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 21 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 1320 EP 1324 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 171UG UT WOS:000078882000066 PM 10049901 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Lee, YY AF Jeffries, TW Lee, YY TI Feedstocks - New supplies and processing SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; TOBACCO PLANTS; ENZYMES C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:3 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100002 ER PT J AU Tuskan, G West, D Bradshaw, HD Neale, D Sewell, M Wheeler, N Megraw, B Jech, K Wiselogel, A Evans, R Elam, C Davis, M Dinus, R AF Tuskan, G West, D Bradshaw, HD Neale, D Sewell, M Wheeler, N Megraw, B Jech, K Wiselogel, A Evans, R Elam, C Davis, M Dinus, R TI Two high-throughput techniques for determining wood properties as part of a molecular genetics analysis of hybrid poplar and loblolly pine SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry; computer tomography; genetic markers; QTL; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PRODUCTS; CROSSES AB Two new high-throughput techniques, computer tomography X-ray densitometry (CT scan) and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (pyMBMS), coupled with quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, were tested as a means to overcome the time and cost associated with conventional characterization of biomass feedstock components. Applications of these two techniques were evaluated using hybrid poplar for the CT scan and loblolly pine for the pyMBMS. Segregating progeny from hybrid poplar varied in specific gravity, with individual mean estimates ranging from 0.21-0.41. Progeny from loblolly pine varied in lignin, ex cellulose, and mannan contents, with individual mean estimates of lignin content ranging from 28.7-33.1%, a cellulose content from 28.8-43.5% and mannan content from 4.2-10.1%. QTL analysis of the loblolly pine data suggested that eleven QTLs were associated with individual feedstock characteristics and that two QTLs for several feedstock components were linked to the same position on the loblolly pine genetic map. Each QTL individually accounted for 7-13% of the total phenotypic variation in associated loblolly pine feedstock components. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Davis, CA USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Centralia, WA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Tuskan, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6422, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 16 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:55 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100007 ER PT J AU Koegel, RG Sreenath, HK Straub, RJ AF Koegel, RG Sreenath, HK Straub, RJ TI Alfalfa fiber as a feedstock for ethanol and organic acids SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE medicago sativa; pretreatment; saccharification; ethanol; lactic acid ID TRANSGENIC ALFALFA; PERFORMANCE; WATER AB Valuable co-products derived from fractionation of alfalfa herbage give the resulting fibrous fraction an economic advantage as a feedstock for ethanol or other organic products. Alfalfa fiber was saccharified and fermented with or without a liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment. The LHW pretreatment hydrolyzed approximately 60% of the original fiber, yielding a high cellulose residue and a liquid extract. These yielded predominantly hexoses and pentoses, respectively, after enzymatic saccharification. Yields of ethanol and lactic acid resulting from fermentations are given. C1 ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Koegel, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rgkoegel@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:105 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100011 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Jeffries, TW AF Sreenath, HK Jeffries, TW TI 2-deoxyglucose as a selective agent for derepressed mutants of Pichia stipitis SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE Pichia stipitis; mutation; selection; 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG); fermentation; ethanol; glucose repression ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; D-XYLOSE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RESISTANT MUTANT; L-ARABINOSE; D-GLUCOSE; FERMENTATION; 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE; REPRESSION AB The glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) has been used to obtain mutants derepressed for pentose metabolism. Some researchers have used 2-DOG alone whereas others have used it in the presence of a glucose-repressible carbon source. We examined both methods and screened mutant strains for improved use of xylose in the presence of glucose. Pichia stipitis mutants selected for growth on D-xylose in the presence of 2-DOG used xylose from a 1:1 glucose:xylose mixture more rapidly than did their parents. One of these mutants, FPL-DX26, completely consumed xylose in the presence of glucose and produced 33 g/L ethanol in 45 h from 80 g/L of this sugar mixture. Mutants selected for growth on 2-DOG alone did not show significant improvement. Selection for growth on D-xylose in the presence of 2-DOG has been useful in developing parental strains for further genetic manipulation C1 Inst Microbial Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), Inst Microbial Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:211 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100022 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Schartman, R AF Jeffries, TW Schartman, R TI Bioconversion of secondary fiber fines to ethanol using counter-current enzymatic saccharification and co-fermentation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 03-07, 1998 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP US Dept Energy Off Fuels Dev, Off Ind Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy lab, Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, Amer Chem Soc Div Biochem Technol, NEDALCO B.V., Raphael Katzen Assoc, A.E. Staley Mfg Co, Eastman Chem Co, Arkenol Inc, Cargill Inc, BC Inter, Natl Corn Growers Assoc DE cellulase; secondary fiber fines; bioconversion ID PAPER AB This research examined several enzymatic and microbial process for the conversion of waste cellulosic fibers into ethanol. The first was a one-stage process in which pulp fines were contacted with commercial enzyme solutions. The second process used sequential, multistage saccharification. The third used sequential enzyme addition in a countercurrent mode. Experiments compared the results with various feedstocks, different commercial enzymes, supplementation with beta-glucosidase, and saccharification combined with fermentation. The highest saccharification (65%) from a 4% consistency pulp and the highest sugar concentration (5.4%) from an 8% consistency pulp were attained when 5 FPU/g plus 10 IU/g of beta-glucosidase were used. Sequential addition of enzyme to the pulp in small aliquots produced a higher overall sugar yield/U enzyme than the addition of the same total amount of enzyme in a single dose. In the saccharification and fermentation experiments, we produced 2.12% ethanol from a 5.4% sugar solution. This represents 78% of the theoretical maximum. This yield could probably be increased through optimization of the fermentation step. Even when little saccharification occurred, the enzyme facilitated separation of water, fiber, and ash, so cellulase treatment could be an effective means for dewatering pulp sludges. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 77-9 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210YL UT WOS:000081133100041 PM 10399279 ER PT J AU Huang, KS AF Huang, KS TI Effects of food prices and consumer income on nutrient availability SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEMAND; CONSUMPTION; NUTRITION AB Economic factors such as food prices and consumer income affect food choices with consequences for the availability of nutrients. A new research model is developed to estimate how the availability of 28 nutrients would change as consumers alter their food purchases in response to changes in food prices and income through the interdependent food demand relationships. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Huang, KS (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1080/000368499324354 PG 14 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 182QN UT WOS:000079509800011 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Pick, D AF Arnade, C Pick, D TI Alternative approach to measuring oligopoly power: a wheat market example SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRICE-DISCRIMINATION; EXPORT MARKETS; COMPETITION AB A new approach for estimating oligopoly power coefficients is proposed. The methodology used sidesteps the difficulties of obtaining cost data and obtaining coefficients which do not satisfy the theoretical properties of the cost function. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Arnade, C (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4851 J9 APPL ECON LETT JI Appl. Econ. Lett. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 195 EP 197 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 189QE UT WOS:000079915400015 ER PT J AU Temple, DM AF Temple, DM TI Flow resistance of grass-lined channel banks SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE channels; grass-lined channels; flow resistance; erosion AB Glass channel linings interact with the flow in such a way as to make the flow resistance vary;,vith flow conditions. For uniformly vegetated channels such as grassed waterways, the traditional approach for managing this variation in computations has been to express Manning's n for the channel as a function of the product of mean velocity and hydraulic radius (n-VR), or Reynold's number: The extent to which this approach could be applied to the computation of composite roughness in channels only partially lined with vegetation, or where vegetal conditions vary sharply within the cross-section, has not been cleat: Therefore, tests were conducted to deter-mine rite appropriate procedure for computing the composite roughness of these channels. It was found that the traditional n-VR curves could be applied consistently in combination with linear averaging of the wetted perimeter weighted roughness within the cross-section. C1 ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Temple, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 238EH UT WOS:000082697600005 ER PT J AU Stetson, LE Meyer, SM AF Stetson, LE Meyer, SM TI Temperature concerns in agricultural lighting fixtures SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE electrical codes; electric wiring; electric energy; lighting AB Field reports of failures or fires in incandescent agricultural lighting fixtures revealed a need to examine the installation and use of such fixtures. An experimental procedure and equipment was assembled to test various combinations of agricultural lighting fixtures and light bulbs. Temperatures were recorded in the junction boxes above the light fixtures. Temperatures varied with the light bulb and fixture being used. Some combinations of fixtures and light bulbs produced hazardous temperatures. A major problem was found with poorly manufactured light bulbs where mor of the energy was converted to heat rather than visible light. Some of the fixtures were damaged by some bulbs of 100 W or higher. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stetson, LE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 252 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 238EH UT WOS:000082697600008 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Van, TK Center, TD AF Madeira, PT Van, TK Center, TD TI Integration of five Southeast Asian accessions into the world-wide phenetic relationships of Hydrilla verticillata as elucidated by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE dice similarity metric; Hydrilla; neighbor-joining; RAPD; UPGMA ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were analyzed for five new accessions of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle collected from southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand). These were compared to 12 accessions that had been analyzed in a previous study. Five primers produced 91 loci which were used to calculate the Dice similarity metric which was in turn used to compare the accessions phenetically using both the neighbor-joining algorithm and the unweighted pair-group arithmetic average clustering (UPGMA) method. The US dioecious accessions, as previously, clustered closest to a plant from Bangalore, India. The US monoecious accessions again clustered with a Seoul, Korean accession. The five Southeast Asian accessions clustered loosely near accessions from Pinang Island, Malaysia, Rawa Pening, Indonesia and Tainan, Taiwan, but showed less phenetic similarity to the Asian accessions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Aquat Weed Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Weed Res Lab, USDA, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00114-4 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174DC UT WOS:000079018000007 ER PT J AU Mitic, CM Massman, WJ Schuepp, PH Collett, JL AF Mitic, CM Massman, WJ Schuepp, PH Collett, JL TI Structural analysis and flux associations of CO2, H2O, heat and ozone over cotton and grape canopies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE coherent structures; ozone uptake; surface-atmosphere exchange; surface flux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; CLIMATE MODELS; SATELLITE DATA; FOREST; AIRCRAFT; CALIFORNIA; ENERGY AB Micrometeorological tower data, collected over grape and cotton canopies as part of the California ozone deposition experiment (CODE) during the summer of 1991, are used to examine the temporal association between fluxes, and the physical characteristics of the coherent structures which dominate transport for both stable nighttime and unstable daytime conditions. Flux was calculated using the eddy covariance technique and the dominant modes of flux transport determined by quadrant analysis. The mean flux densities for both the cotton and grape site showed the surface acting as a sink for CO2 and ozone and a source of heat and H2O during the day, as would be expected, while during the night it became a source for CO2 and a sink for heat, but remained a sink for ozone and a source of H2O. The flux association results indicated a single vegetated ozone sink for the grape site, but a vegetated as well as a non-vegetated sink for the cotton site. For both sites, structures simultaneously transporting significant flux contributions of CO2, H2O, heat and ozone dominate during unstable conditions, but differed during stable conditions, where unmixed single flux structures dominated over cotton but not over grape. Structure sizes were less than 10 m during nighttime conditions and ranged from 3 to 69 m during the day. The results of this study contribute empirical evidence about the relationship between ozone uptake and the physical and physiological state of vegetation, as well as the limitations placed on eddy scales in simulation models. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mitic, CM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1173 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00227-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165AA UT WOS:000078495000014 ER PT J AU Jong, MC Van Dijk, KW Dahlmans, VEH Van der Boom, H Kobayashi, K Oka, K Siest, G Chan, L Hofker, MH Havekes, LM AF Jong, MC Van Dijk, KW Dahlmans, VEH Van der Boom, H Kobayashi, K Oka, K Siest, G Chan, L Hofker, MH Havekes, LM TI Reversal of hyperlipidaemia in apolipoprotein C1 transgenic mice by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor, but not by the very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein C; gene therapy; lipoproteins; receptors ID TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; VLDL RECEPTOR; HEPATIC-UPTAKE; KNOCKOUT MICE; IN-VITRO; BINDING; PROTEIN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; METABOLISM; LIPASE AB We have shown previously that human apolipoprotein (apo)C1 transgenic mice exhibit hyperlipidaemia, due primarily to an impaired clearance of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles from the circulation. In the absence of at least the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), it was shown that APOC1 overexpression in transgenic mice inhibited the hepatic uptake of VLDL via the LDLR-related protein. In the present study, we have now examined the effect of apoC1 on the binding of lipoproteins to both the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and the LDLR, The binding specificity of the VLDLR and LDLR for apoC1-enriched lipoprotein particles was examined in vivo through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the VLDLR and the LDLR [giving rise to adenovirus-containing (Ad)-VLDLR and Ad-LDLR respectively] in APOC1 transgenic mice, LDLR-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice and wild-type mice, Remarkably, Ad-VLDLR treatment did not reduce hyperlipidaemia in transgenic mice overexpressing human APOC1, irrespective of both the level of transgenic expression and the presence of the LDLR, whereas Ad-VLDLR treatment did reverse hyperlipidaemia in LDLR-/- and wild-type mice. On the other hand, Ad-LDLR treatment strongly decreased plasma lipid levels in these APOC1 transgenic mice. These results suggest that apoC1 inhibits the clearance of lipoprotein particles via the VLDLR, but not via the LDLR. This hypothesis is corroborated by in vitro binding studies. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the VLDLR (CHO-VLDLR) or LDLR (CHO-LDLR) bound less APOC1 transgenic VLDL than wild-type VLDL. Intriguingly, however, enrichment with apoE enhanced dose-dependently the binding of wild-type VLDL to CHO-VLDLR cells (up to 5-fold), whereas apoE did not enhance the binding of APOC1 transgenic VLDL to these cells. In contrast, for binding to CHO-LDLR cells, both wild-type and APOC1 transgenic VLDL were stimulated upon enrichment with apoE. From these studies, we conclude that apoC1 specifically inhibits the apoE-mediated binding of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particles to the VLDLR, whereas apoC1-enriched lipoproteins can still bind to the LDLR. The variability in specificity of these lipoprotein receptors for apoC1-containing lipoprotein particles provides further evidence for a regulatory role of apoC1 in the delivery of lipoprotein constituents to different tissues on which these receptors are located. C1 TNO, Gaubius Lab, NL-2301 CE Leiden, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, MGC, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Med, F-54501 Nancy, France. Ctr Med Prevent, F-54501 Nancy, France. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. RP Havekes, LM (reprint author), TNO, Gaubius Lab, NL-2301 CE Leiden, Netherlands. RI Willems van Dijk, Ko/A-1798-2008; OI Willems van Dijk, Ko/0000-0002-2172-7394; SIEST, Gerard/0000-0002-3001-760X NR 35 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 338 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3380281 PN 2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 175XP UT WOS:000079121600006 PM 10024503 ER PT J AU Quimby, PC Zidack, NK Boyette, CD Grey, WE AF Quimby, PC Zidack, NK Boyette, CD Grey, WE TI A simple method for stabilizing and granulating fungi SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formulation; biological control agents; membrane stabilization; water-absorbent starch; granulating agents; Fusarium oxysporum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ID BACTERIA AB A simple method, 'Stabileze', is described for granulating fungi,with water-absorbent star ch, sucrose, corn oil and silica. The potential biological control fungi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum, were stabilized using this protocol. Bioassays were performed on C. gloeosporioides and showed retention of pathogenicity Sucrose and oil were tested for their effects on the viability of F. oxysporum over time, and sucrose appears to be the most beneficial factor. C1 USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Quimby, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 199VF UT WOS:000080504200001 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Kirk, AA Millar, L Mercadier, G Vidal, C AF Lacey, LA Kirk, AA Millar, L Mercadier, G Vidal, C TI Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of conidia and blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina : Hyphomycetes) against Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) with a description of a bioassay system allowing prolonged survival of control insects SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungi; whitefly; Bemisia argentifolii; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; bioassay ID ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI; PATHOGENICITY; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Fungi are the only effective entomopathogens of members of the Aleyrodidae and other homopterans because of the piercing and sucking feeding strategy of these insects. The laboratory assessment of the entomopathogenic activity of fungi often requires a prolonged period of observation. Leaf quality cart be the limiting factor in bioassays of fungi against whiteflies that require longer observation periods or those that require conditions that are as close to natural ones as possible. A bioassay system is described that utilizes rooted cabbage leaves infested with the highly polyphagous whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii. Using this method, discriminating dosages of aerial conidia and blastospores of two isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Pfr) were bioassayed against eggs and nymphs of B.argentifolii. Low: but significant, mortality (10-20%) of eggs was observed 14 days after exposure to 3.8 x 10(4) blastospores/cm(2) for the Pfr 97 and European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL) Pfr 42 isolates. Additionally, the majority of crawlers that had hatched from treated Eggs died on the surface of the leaves. Exposure of ear ly second-instar nymphs of B. argentifolii to 3.8 x 10(3) conidia or blastospores/cm(2) of Pfr 97 resulted in mortalities of 27 and 77% respectively Identical dosages of conidia and blastospores of the Pfr 42 isolate resulted in mortalities of 59 and 68% respectively. The bioassay method described enables the comparative evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies under diverse biotic and abiotic conditions. C1 European Biol Control Lab, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/09583159929866 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 199VF UT WOS:000080504200002 ER PT J AU McGuire, RG Dimitroglou, DA AF McGuire, RG Dimitroglou, DA TI Evaluation of shellac and sucrose ester fruit coating formulations that support biological control of post-harvest grapefruit decay SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; green mold; yeast; Citrus; Penicillium digitatum; Candida oleophila ID PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; CITRUS COATINGS; VEGETABLES; BIOCONTROL AB Fruit coating formulations of bleached and unbleached shellac were developed that support survival of the yeast Candida oleophila. These and commercial formulations based upon sucrose esters were evaluated for their ability to promote surface colonization of citrus for the biological control of post-harvest decay. The type of shellac did not affect yeast survival in the liquid formulation; however, a pH less than or equal to 7.6 was essential for satisfactory recovery from the liquid over 24 h. The replacement of morpholine and aqueous ammonia, which aid dissolution of shellac, with equally efficacious sodium or potassium hydroxide improved yeast survival, as did replacing the surfactant oleic acid with polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80). When formulations were applied to grapefruit, those that initially facilitated higher numbers of yeasts on the fruit surface later developed epiphytic populations that were significantly greater during the most critical first 2 weeks after harvest. As a group, coating formulations that incorporated sucrose esters favored the development of yeast populations to a greater extent than those based upon shellac and, over 6 months, grapefruit with these coatings were slower to decay. However, shellac formulations incorporating sodium hydroxide significantly extended the storage life of grapefruit compared with similar formulations with morpholine. C1 USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Mantrose Haeuser Co Inc, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. RP McGuire, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1080/09583159929901 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 199VF UT WOS:000080504200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA AF Johnson, LA TI Sexing of sperm SO BIOFUTUR LA French DT Article ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC SEPARATION; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CHROMOSOME-BEARING; PRESELECTION; SPERMATOZOA; INSEMINATION; DNA; BIRTHS C1 ARS, USDA, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0294-3506 J9 BIOFUTUR JI Biofutur PD MAR PY 1999 IS 187 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 210LN UT WOS:000081107100009 ER PT J AU Silver, WL Lugo, AE Keller, M AF Silver, WL Lugo, AE Keller, M TI Soil oxygen availability and biogeochemistry along rainfall and topographic gradients in upland wet tropical forest soils SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE climate; methane; N(2)O; Puerto Rico; soil oxygen; soil phosphorus ID LOA ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX; PUERTO-RICO; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; NITROUS-OXIDE; WATERSHEDS; ATMOSPHERE; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; PARAMETERS; DYNAMICS AB We measured soil oxygen concentrations at 10 and 35 cm depths and indices of biogeochemical cycling in upland forest soils along a rainfall and elevation gradient (3500-5000 mm y(-1); 350-1050 masl) and along topographic gradients (ridge to valley, similar to 150 m) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Along the rainfall gradient, soil O(2) availability decreased significantly with increasing annual rainfall, and reached very low levels (<3%) in individual chambers for up to 25 consecutive weeks over 82 weeks of study. Along localized topographic gradients, soil O(2) concentrations were variable and decreased significantly from ridges to valleys. In the valleys, up to 35% of the observations at 10-35 cm depth were <3% soil O(2). Cross correlation analyses showed that soil O(2) concentrations were significantly positively correlated along the topographic gradient, and were sensitive to rainfall and hydrologic output. Soil O(2) concentrations in valley soils were correlated with rainfall from the previous day, while ridge sites were correlated with cumulative rainfall inputs over 4 weeks. Soils at the wettest point along the rainfall gradient had very high soil methane concentrations. (3-24%) indicating a strong influence of anaerobic processes. We measured net methane emission to the atmosphere at the wettest sites of the rainfall gradient, and in the valleys along topographic gradients. Other measures of biogeochemical function such as soil organic matter content and P availability were sensitive to chronic O(2) depletion along the rainfall gradient, but less sensitive to the variable soil O(2) environment exhibited at lower elevations along topographic gradients. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 151 Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM wsilver@nature.berkeley.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; NR 56 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 301 EP 328 DI 10.1007/BF00996995 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 168UN UT WOS:000078711700004 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW AF Pemberton, RW TI Natural enemies of Trapa spp. in Northeast Asia and Europe SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aquatic weed; water chestnut; water caltrop; Trapa; biological control of weeds; surveys; Northeast Asia; Europe; diseases; fungi; herbivores; Insecta; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Bagous; Nanophyes; Chrysomelidae; Galerucella; Homoptera; Aphididae; Cicadellidae; Lepidoptera; Nymphula; Paraponyx; Diptera; Chironomidae AB Trapa natans is an aquatic plant native to the Old World. In the late 1880s this plant was found to be naturalized in the eastern United States where it has become an important weed. To evaluate the potential of biological control to reduce this weed, surveys for natural enemies of Trapa spp. were made in Northeast Asia and Europe, In addition, populations of Trapa japonica in South Korea were monitored for one season to evaluate the occurrence and impact of insect natural enemies. Among the insects found, the leaf beetle Galerucella birmanica was the most common and damaging species in Asia. It can cause complete defoliation of whole populations of plants. Nymphuline pyralid moths were also common and at times damaging. Both the beetle and the moths feed and develop on unrelated plants and so have no potential as biological control agents of T. natans in North America. Two Nanophyes weevils were found in Asia which feed in petiole floats of the leaves. They are thought to be specific to Trapa but were not observed to be damaging, Low level populations of polyphagous Homoptera were common. Chironomid midges were also frequently associated with the plants, but for the most part were filter feeders, not herbivores. The greatest impact on the monitored plants in South Korea was by the leaf beetle G. birmanica which defoliated most of the plants, causing the mats of plants to sink. In Europe, a similar and related insect fauna was found, but none of the insects was very damaging to the plants. One Italian weevil, Bagous rufimanus, feeds within the fruit stems and might be more damaging at higher than observed population levels. Some diseases were seen on some plants in both regions. European populations of T. natans have declined significantly, stimulating conservation efforts. Literature records of Trapa insects from warm areas are presented. These could be of interest if I: natans spreads into warmer areas of North America. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 3 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0687 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 175XA UT WOS:000079120100007 ER PT J AU Oliveira, AC Ishimaru, D Goncalves, RB Smith, TJ Mason, P Sa-Carvalho, D Silva, JL AF Oliveira, AC Ishimaru, D Goncalves, RB Smith, TJ Mason, P Sa-Carvalho, D Silva, JL TI Low temperature and pressure stability of picornaviruses: Implications for virus uncoating SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; COMMON COLD VIRUS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS-14; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; CULTURED-CELLS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; POLIOVIRUS; PROTEINS AB The family Picornaviridae includes several Viruses of great economic and medical importance. Poliovirus replicates in the human digestive tract, causing disease that may range in severity from a mild infection to a fatal paralysis. The human rhinovirus is the most important etiologic agent of the common cold in adults and children. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes one of the most economically important diseases in cattle. These viruses have in common a capsid structure composed of 60 copies of four different proteins, VP1 to VP4, and their 3D structures show similar general features. In this study we describe the differences in stability against high pressure and cold denaturation of these viruses. Both poliovirus and rhinovirus are stable to high pressure at room temperature, because pressures up to 2.4 kbar are not enough to promote viral disassembly and inactivation. Within the same pressure range, FMDV particles are dramatically affected by pressure, with a loss of infectivity of more than 4 log units observed. The dissociation of polio and rhino viruses can be observed only under pressure (2.4 kbar) at low temperatures in the presence of subdenaturing concentrations of urea (1-2 M). The pressure and low temperature data reveal clear differences in stability among the three picornaviruses, FMDV being the most sensitive, polio being the most resistant, and rhino having intermediate stability. Whereas rhino and poliovirus differ little in stability (less than 10 kcal/mol at 0 degrees C), the difference in free energy between these two viruses and FMDV was remarkable (more than 200 kcal/mol of particle). These differences are crucial to understanding the different factors that control the assembly and disassembly of the virus particles during their life cycle. The inactivation of these viruses by pressure (combined or not with low temperature) has potential as a method for producing vaccines. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, ICB, Dept Bioquim Med,Program Biol Estrutural, Ctr Nacl Ressonancia Magnet Nucl Macromol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, N Atlantic Area, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Silva, JL (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, ICB, Dept Bioquim Med,Program Biol Estrutural, Ctr Nacl Ressonancia Magnet Nucl Macromol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM jerson@bioqmed.ufrj.br RI Smith, Thomas/K-9086-2013; Goncalves, Rafael/C-3978-2014; Silva, Jerson/J-8984-2014 OI Smith, Thomas/0000-0003-3528-6793; Silva, Jerson/0000-0001-9523-9441 NR 56 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1279 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 173GG UT WOS:000078972300011 PM 10049311 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Reed, RL Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Van Esbroeck, G Read, JC Tischler, C Hons, FM AF Sanderson, MA Reed, RL Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Van Esbroeck, G Read, JC Tischler, C Hons, FM TI Switchgrass cultivars and germplasm for biomass feedstock production in Texas SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy crops; Panicum virgatum; soil organic matter ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; CARBON; POPULATIONS; NITROGEN; GRASSES; NUMBER; SOIL AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season perennial grass indigenous to North America with excellent potential as a bioenergy crop. Our objective was to determine the yield potential and adaptability of switchgrass cultivars and germplasms in diverse Texas environments where the species might be used as a bioenergy crop. We determined the adaptability of several switchgrass cultivars and germplasms at five ecologically different locations (Beeville, College Station, Dallas, Stephenville, and Temple) in Texas in two experiments during 1992 to 1996. Alamo switchgrass was the best adapted commercially available switchgrass cultivar for biomass feedstock production in Texas in these trials with yields of 8 to 20 Mg ha(-1). A single harvest in the fall maximized biomass yield and maintained switchgrass stands. Although very tolerant of moderate or even severe drought, switchgrass failed to yield under chronic extreme drought. At Beeville in 1996, there was no harvestable switchgrass growth because of extreme drought. Upland cultivars from the midwest matured early and did not produce as much biomass as lowland cultivars from the southern U.S. The predominant factor affecting switchgrass productivity in these Texas locations seemed to be rainfall amount. The highest biomass yield at each location generally occurred in years of greatest April to September rainfall. Soil type did not appear to have much influence on biomass production. Soil organic carbon increased from 11.1 to 15.8 g kg(-1) in the upper 30 cm of soil (average of four locations) during 1992 to 1996. These increases in organic carbon indicate a good potential for sequestering carbon through biomass production. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, Beeville, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00132-1 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 141MG UT WOS:000077147300001 ER PT J AU Register, KB AF Register, KB TI Elimination of background due to discharge of static electricity from X-ray film SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Swine Resp Dis Project, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 434 EP 435 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 173MH UT WOS:000078984000014 PM 10090980 ER PT J AU Radin, JW AF Radin, JW TI The technology protection system: Revolutionary or evolutionary? SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT MONITOR LA English DT Editorial Material AB The patent granted on a technology for the control of seed germination has been criticized as a threat to farmers' age-old practice of saving seed and re-using it for the next season. John W. Radin, on the other hand, argues that this technology should be viewed as a tool to introduce beneficial biotechnology into crops. The control of seed germination is therefore one important step in the long-standing evolution of crop improvement. C1 ARS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNOLOGY DEV MONITOR PI AMSTERDAM PA UNIV AMSTERDAM DEPT INT RELAT PUBLIC INT LAW OUDEZIJDS ACHTERBURGWAL 237, 1012 DL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-9877 J9 BIOTECHNOL DEV MONIT JI Biotechnol. Dev. Monit. PD MAR PY 1999 IS 37 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 194TL UT WOS:000080209600007 ER PT J AU Alcantara-Licudine, JP Cunningham, RT Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Li, QX AF Alcantara-Licudine, JP Cunningham, RT Liquido, NJ McQuate, GT Li, QX TI Dissipation of phloxine B and uranine in protein bait sprayed in a coffee field for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XANTHENE DYES C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Environm Biochem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. ARS, USDA, Trop Fruit Vegetable & Ornamental Crop Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Environm Biochem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 176DW UT WOS:000079136500016 PM 10085179 ER PT J AU Boroski, BB Barrett, RH Kie, JG AF Boroski, BB Barrett, RH Kie, JG TI Movement patterns and survivorship of black-tailed deer migrating across Trinity Reservoir, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB We assessed seasonal movement patterns and survivorship of black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, crossing Trinity Reservoir (Clair Engle Lake) in northern California by monitoring 2 fall and 2 spring migrations, beginning in fail 1993. Black-tailed deer traversed the reservoir using 43 routes located predominately in the narrowest sections of the reservoir. A group of 2-3 black-tailed deer typically swam together. Adult males and females were segregated by sex, but not by date. We estimated that as many as 389 black-tailed deer swam across the reservoir during daylight in a single migration. Two hundred and ninety-two of 302 black-tailed deer observed swimming crossed successfully, The fate of the remaining 10 was not determined. Trinity Reservoir does not appear to be a major mortality source for migrating black-tailed deer when it is ice free. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boroski, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 336YY UT WOS:000088331600004 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA AF Kolmer, JA TI Virulence dynamics, phenotypic diversity, and virulence complexity in two populations of Puccinia triticina in Canada from 1987 to 1997 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Puccinia recondita f.sp tritici; specific resistance; wheat leaf rust; Triticum aestivum; specific virulence ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; 2 POPULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; RECONDITA; SPECIALIZATION; DISEQUILIBRIA; SELECTION; GENES; AREAS AB Populations of Puccinia triticina (causal agent of wheat leaf rust) in Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan were analysed for frequency of isolates with virulence to leaf rust resistance genes Lrl, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, and Lr30 for the years 1987-1997. Winter wheats in the southern plains of the United States with resistance genes Lr24, Lr26, Lr11, Lr3ka, Lr17, and Lr16 selected virulent P. triticina phenotypes in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population. The P. triticina population in Quebec and Ontario was comparatively stable, showing no directional trends in selection of virulence phenotypes. In the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population, diversity of virulence phenotypes changed relatively little despite the selection that occurred in this population. The average number of virulences per isolate in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population increased from 1987 to 1994 during the period of selection for virulence to Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, and Lr11, and declined from 1995 to 1997 when selection for virulence to Lr16 and Lr17 occurred. The most complex virulence phenotypes were not necessarily selected in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population because of how the resistance genes were deployed in the host population and the nonrandom distribution of virulences in the P: triticina population. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232QW UT WOS:000082382300002 ER PT J AU Burrill, EA Worrall, JJ Wargo, PM Stehman, SV AF Burrill, EA Worrall, JJ Wargo, PM Stehman, SV TI Effects of defoliation and cutting in eastern oak forests on Armillaria spp. and a competitor, Megacollybia platyphylla SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WOOD DECAY FUNGI; EUCALYPTUS-DIVERSICOLOR; HARDWOOD STUMPS; LUTEOBUBALINA; INOCULATION; MELLEA; ROOTS; SITE AB Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and Armillaria root rot interact to cause extensive mortality in eastern oak forests. Defoliation by gypsy moth weakens trees and increases their susceptibility to Armillaria root rot. Partial cutting prior to defoliation has been proposed as a management technique because it may increase tree vigor and the ability to withstand defoliation stress. However, cutting could also increase inoculum potential of Armillaria by providing a resource, the residual stumps. Megacollybia platyphylla (Pers.:Fr.) Kotl. & Pout. is a native, cord-forming, saprobic fungus that may compete with Armillaria for resources such as stumps, snags and debris. A factorial treatment design with three levels of cutting and three levels of defoliation was used to examine the effects of cutting and defoliation on the two fungi. Among uncut stands, defoliated stands had significantly greater colonization of resource units by Armillaria than nondefoliated stands. However, stands that were cut prior to defoliation had significantly less Armillaria colonization and significantly more M. platyphylla colonization than those that were not cut. Armillaria colonized snags better than stumps and colonized least well in debris, where M. platyphylla showed its best colonizing performance. The data suggest that cutting mitigates the effects of defoliation on colonization by Armillaria and are consistent with the hypothesis that M. platyphylla plays a role in such mitigation. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Worrall, JJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-3-347 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 194DC UT WOS:000080176000008 ER PT J AU Echt, CS Vendramin, GG Nelson, CD Marquardt, P AF Echt, CS Vendramin, GG Nelson, CD Marquardt, P TI Microsatellite DNA as shared genetic markers among conifer species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE REPEATS SSRS; EASTERN WHITE-PINE; PICEA-ABIES K; CHLOROPLAST MICROSATELLITES; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; RADIATA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; SPRUCE AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs for 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Pinus strobus L. and 6 in Pinus radiata D. Don. were evaluated to determine whether SSR marker amplification could be achieved in 10 other conifer species. Eighty percent of SSR primer pairs for (AC), loci that were polymorphic in P. strobus also amplified SSR loci in two other soft pines of the subgenus Strobus but not in seven hard pines of the subgenus Pinus, nor in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France. The six P. strobus SSR primer pairs that did amplify loci from conifers other than soft pines were those that were specific to loci monomorphic within P. strobus. These six loci were also monomorphic within seven other species tested, but four of the loci were polymorphic among species. A comparison of allelic variation among the three soft pine species found only 25 shared alleles among a total of 122 alleles at eight loci. Primer pairs for dinucleotide SSR loci that were polymorphic in Pinus radiata also specifically amplified loci from various other hard pines but not from the soft pines or from the other conifers tested. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. CNR, Ist Miglioramento Genet Piante Forestali, I-50135 Florence, Italy. Int Paper Co, Southlands Expt Forest, Bainbridge, GA 31717 USA. RP Echt, CS (reprint author), Forest Res Ltd, Sala St,Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. RI Vendramin, Giovanni G/K-9731-2014 OI Vendramin, Giovanni G/0000-0001-9921-7872 NR 38 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-3-365 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 194DC UT WOS:000080176000010 ER PT J AU Wu, KN Helzlsouer, KJ Comstock, GW Hoffman, SC Nadeau, MR Selhub, J AF Wu, KN Helzlsouer, KJ Comstock, GW Hoffman, SC Nadeau, MR Selhub, J TI A prospective study on folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate (B6) and breast cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; FEMALE RATS; HOMOCYSTEINE; DEFICIENT; PLASMA; DIETS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; LIVERS AB To investigate the incidence of breast cancer and prediagnostic serum levels of folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6), we conducted a nested case-control study using resources from the Washington County (Maryland) serum bank, In 1974, 12,450 serum specimens were donated, and in 1989, 14,625 plasma specimens were donated by female residents of Washington County. One hundred ninety-five incident breast cancer cases and 195 controls were matched by age, race, menopausal status at donation, and cohort participation as well as by date of blood donation. In both cohorts and all menopausal subgroups, median B12 concentrations were lower among cases than controls, Differences reached statistical significance only among women who were postmenopausal at donation (1974 cohort, 413 versus 482 pg/ml, P = 0.03; 1989 cohort, 406 versus 452 pg/ml, P = 0.02), Among women postmenopausal at blood donation, observed associations of B12 suggested a threshold effect with increased risk of breast cancer in the lowest one-fifth compared to the higher four-fifths of the control distribution [lowest versus highest fifth: 1974 cohort, matched odds ratio = 4.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-15.20); 1989 cohort, matched odds ratio = 2.25 (95% confidence interval = 0.86-5.91)]. We found no evidence for an association between folate, B6, and homocysteine and breast cancer, Findings suggested a threshold effect for serum B12 with an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the lowest one-fifth compared to the higher four-fifths of the control distribution, These results should stimulate further investigations of potentially modifiable risk factors, such as these B-vitamins, for prevention of breast cancer. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Helzlsouer, KJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA62988, R21 CA/ES66204]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21670] NR 40 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173MT UT WOS:000078984900002 PM 10090298 ER PT J AU Ung, A Kramer, TR Schiffman, M Herrero, R Bratti, MC Burk, RD Swanson, CA Sherman, ME Hutchinson, ML Alfaro, M Morales, J Balmaceda, I Hildesheim, A AF Ung, A Kramer, TR Schiffman, M Herrero, R Bratti, MC Burk, RD Swanson, CA Sherman, ME Hutchinson, ML Alfaro, M Morales, J Balmaceda, I Hildesheim, A TI Soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels and cervical neoplasia: Results from a population-based case-control study in Costa Rica SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ASSOCIATION; WOMEN; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; E7 AB Progression from infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) to cervical cancer in some women is thought to involve a permissive host environment, one in which immune response is mobilized in an inappropriate manner, In a previous study (A, Hildesheim et al,, Cancer Epidemiol, Biomark, Prev,, 6: 807-813, 1997), increasing levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), a known proxy for general immune activation, was found to be positively associated with increasing levels of cervical neoplasia, We attempted to confirm this finding by conducting a nested case-control study of 478 women within a 10,000-woman population-based cohort in Costa Rica, We selected for the study all of the women diagnosed (at enrollment into the cohort) with: (a) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n = 191); (b) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n = 130); or (c) cancer (n = 37), Controls were 120 cytologically normal, HPV-negative women selected from a random sample of the entire cohort. A questionnaire was administered to participants to elicit information on cervical cancer risk factors. All of the women received a pelvic examination during which cervical cells were collected and used for HPV DNA testing by PCR. Blood samples were also collected. Plasma obtained from the blood samples was tested for sIL-2R levels by ELISA. Results indicated that sIL-2R levels increased with age. Among controls, we observed that 44.3% of women over the age of 50 had high levels of sIL-2R (defined as >735 units/ml) compared with 15.8% of women <30 years of age (P = 0.008). When women with cervical disease (LSIL+) were compared with controls, women in the upper quartile of the sIL-2R distribution had an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.1]. Comparing each advancing state of neoplasia with its precursor, we found that women with LSIL had higher sIL-2R levels than controls (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; comparing LSIL cases with controls); women diagnosed with HSIL were similar to the LSIL group (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.4; comparing HSIL cases with LSIL cases); and those with cancer had higher sIL-2R levels than subjects with an HSIL diagnosis (OR for upper quartile of sIL-2R = 1.8; 95% CI, 0.5-7.1; comparing cancer cases with HSIL cases). These data suggest that among our study subjects, sIL-2R levels most likely rise as a response to the events of infection and cancerous invasion, but that sIL-2R levels are unlikely to be predictive of disease progression among women with LSIL. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Interdisciplinary Studies Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Howard Hughes Res Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Carotenoids Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. WHO, Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon 08, France. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Liver Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Caja Costaricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Hildesheim, A (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Interdisciplinary Studies Sect, EPN 443, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173MT UT WOS:000078984900007 PM 10090303 ER PT J AU Yamin, FF Lee, M Pollak, LM White, PJ AF Yamin, FF Lee, M Pollak, LM White, PJ TI Thermal properties of starch in corn variants isolated after chemical mutagenesis of inbred line B73 SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; RAPID VISCO-ANALYZER; GELATINIZATION BEHAVIOR; MAIZE GENOTYPES; FINE-STRUCTURE; RETROGRADATION; WHEAT; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; GELATION AB The starch from eight ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated M4 families of the corn (Zen mays L.) inbred line B73 was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), a texture analyzer (TA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with image analysis. The eight families were chosen from 144 families previously selected for having starch with unusual DSC parameters. Apparent amylose contents of the starch from the eight families generally were lower than that of the control. According to DSC, starches from mutagenized families tended to have lower onset temperature (T-0) of gelatinization, enthalpy (Delta H) of gelatinization, and peak height index (PHI), but broader gelatinization range (R) than the B73 control. Their values for Delta H and percentage of retrograzdation (%R) were clustered around that of the control. Pasting properties from the RVA of the starches from the M4 families also were clustered around those of the control B73 starch, except for the setback values which were lower than B73 for M4 starches. Gel firmness values, as measured by TA, of all the M4 starches were generally lower than that of the B73 starch at storage treatments of one day at 25 degrees C or seven days at 4 degrees C. The stickiness of the gels of the M4 starches tended to be greater than that of B73 after seven days of storage at 4 degrees C. The:se observations were consistent with the lower apparent amylose values for the M4 starches. SEM and image analysis data revealed no differences among the treatments in granule size and shape. Possibly, EMS treatment: altered the genes, affecting internal structure of the starch granules. Starch fi-om the mutagenized families likely had lower bonding forces among molecules and fewer long chains in the amylopectin molecules than did B73. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.175 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400001 ER PT J AU Morris, CF DeMacon, VL Giroux, MJ AF Morris, CF DeMacon, VL Giroux, MJ TI Wheat grain hardness among chromosome 5D homozygous recombinant substitution lines using different methods of measurement SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; KERNEL HARDNESS; ENDOSPERM TEXTURE; STARCH; PROTEIN; FRIABILIN; SOFTNESS AB The level of grain hardness of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars profoundly affects milling properties and end-use. We examined grain hardness among a genetically defined set of 83 chromosome 5D homozygous recombinant substitution lines derived from soft wheat cv. Chinese Spring and hard wheat cv. Cheyenne and compared four common methods of measuring wheat grain hardness. Measures of grain hardness included a modified particle size index, Brabender Quadrumat flour milling, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, and the single-kernel characterization system (SKCS). Duncan's multiple range test was used to group recombinant lines according to parental classes. Quadrumat milling fractions, percent bran and middlings, were well correlated to NIR and SKCS grain hardness, whereas break flour, a traditional measure of grain hardness, was poorly correlated to other hardness measures. NIR and SKCS grain hardness measures provided the greatest and similar mean separations. Both methods identified recombinant lines as being significantly outside either parental class and significantly different from and in between the two parental classes. Between two divergent environments, correlations (r) for Quadrumat bran and middlings percents and NIR and SKCS hardness ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. Analysis of variance indicated that lines differed substantially for hardness, and hardness was highly influenced by environment, albeit consistently, as indicated by low line-location model interaction terms. The results confirmed the presence of major allelic differences assignable to chromosome 5D and suggested the action of minor gene(s). Break flour, in particular, showed strong indications of transgressive segregation independent of the Hardness (Ha) locus. The Perten 4100 SKCS provided the best (most discriminating) measure of the material properties of the wheat endosperm manifested by the action of the Ha locus. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.249 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400013 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ AF Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ TI Identification of wheat lines possessing the 1AL.1RS or 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; 1BL/1RS TRANSLOCATION; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; BAKING QUALITY; ANTIBODY AB Wheat-rye chromosomal translocations, particularly those involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R, have been used during the past 25 years to instill resistance to plant pathogens and insects and improve the hardiness, adaptation, and yield of wheat. Unfortunately, the presence of the 1AL.1RS or 1BL.1RS rye translocations in wheat has been shown to impart inferior dough handling and baking characteristics. Although numerous analytical techniques (e.g., HPLC, monoclonal antibody tests, highperformance capillary electrophoresis) have been developed for detecting these translocations, the complexity of the analytical procedures restricts their use to research and analytical laboratories. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy, a well-accepted technique in the grain industry, for detecting 1RS-containing genotypes. This research used three independent groups of wheat samples, ranging in genetic diversity from sister lines derived from 1RS breeding populations to commercial cultivars. Based on the diffuse reflectance spectra (1,100-2,500 nm) of flour, partial least squares (PLS) models, through cross-validation, exhibited misclassification rates as low as 0%, particularly for commercial cultivars. Misclassification rates for corresponding, but separate, test sets were as low as 1%. When the same modeling procedure was applied to samples of more closely related genetic backgrounds, cross-validation misclassification rates rose to 15-20%. Most problematic were samples that were heterogeneous for 1RS such as the cultivar Rawhide. incorporating heterogeneous samples into a calibration equation improved the classification accuracy of these samples but diminished the prediction accuracy of nonheterogeneous samples. C1 USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, BARC E, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.255 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400014 ER PT J AU Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD Eustace, WD Behnke, KC Whitaker, T Peterson, GL Sauer, DB AF Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD Eustace, WD Behnke, KC Whitaker, T Peterson, GL Sauer, DB TI Fate of dwarf bunt fungus teliospores during milling of wheat into flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFENOCONAZOLE SEED TREATMENT; TILLETIA-CONTROVERSA; WINTER-WHEAT; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARIES; SPORES AB Wheat contaminated with teliospores of Tilletia controversa Kuhn (TCK) was mixed with uncontaminated wheat and processed through the Kansas State University pilot mill. Two SD-bu lots of the contaminated mixture were cleaned, tempered, and milled. Approximately 500 samples of wheat, cleanings, and mill fractions were collected and examined for the presence of intact and broken TCK teliospores. Whole wheat samples (50 g) were washed, sieved through a 60-mu m nylon sieve, and pelleted by centrifugation. Contents of the pellet were examined microscopically for the presence of TCK spores. The procedure was modified as needed to accommodate cleanings and mill fractions. Levels of spore contamination in whole wheat samples decreased at each step during the handling process, and large numbers of spores were found in materials that were sieved or aspirated from the grain. Very few spores were found in bran, germ, and shorts; none were detected in red dog or straight-grade flour. The results showed that a high percentage of spores can be removed from wheat by mechanical cleaning but that it is not feasible to remove all of them. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bechtel, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.270 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400016 ER PT J AU Huebner, FR Bietz, JA AF Huebner, FR Bietz, JA TI Quantitation and reproducibility problems in reversed-phase and size-exclusion HPLC analyses of wheat proteins SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Cereal-Chemists CY OCT 12-16, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Cereal Chemists ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL-FILTRATION; GLUTENIN; SEPARATION; SUBUNITS AB Reversed-phase (RP-) and size-exclusion (SE-) high-performance liquid chromatography have become important methods for rapid identification of wheat and other cereal cultivars and for revealing quality differences. Accuracy and reproducibility are essential for good results. Due to recent changes in these methods, however, such as using smaller columns, lower flow rates, and smaller samples, small procedural errors become more critical for final results. We therefore further studied the causes and magnitude of problems involving quantitation and reproducibility in RP- and SE-HPLC analyses of wheat proteins. Because of potential problems with protein adsorption to stainless steel system components, we modified systems to contain, insofar as possible, all plastic-type components. Other potentially major problems included weighing flour samples, achieving accurate solvent composition, and interpretation of data. Recognizing and dealing with these problems will enhance the accuracy, reproducibility, and usefulness of HPLC for varietal identification and quality prediction. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Huebner, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.299 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400020 ER PT J AU Batterman-Azcona, SJ Lawton, JW Hamaker, BR AF Batterman-Azcona, SJ Lawton, JW Hamaker, BR TI Effect of specific mechanical energy on protein bodies and alpha-zeins in corn flour extrudates SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH; EXTRUSION; MAIZE; SOLUBILITY AB Zeins, the storage proteins of corn, are located in spherical entities called protein bodies. The disruption of protein bodies and zein release during extrusion may influence the texture of corn-based extruded foods. In this work, chemical and microscopic studies were conducted on corn flour that had been extruded under mild to extreme conditions to determine the specific mechanical energy (SME) required to break apart protein bodies and release alpha-zein, and to assess changes in protein-protein interactions. Transmission electron microscopy with immunolocalization of alpha-zein revealed that starch granules and protein bodies remained intact under mild processing conditions (SME 35-40 kJ/kg), but under harsher conditions, protein bodies were disrupted and alpha-zein was released, At SME approximate to 100 kJ/kg, protein bodies appeared highly deformed and fused together with the alpha-zein released, whereas at higher SME, protein bodies were completely disrupted and alpha-zein was dispersed and may have formed protein fibrils. Protein in extrudates was less soluble in urea and SDS than in unprocessed corn flour, but it was readily extracted with urea, SDS, and 2-ME. This was likely due to protein aggregation upon processing due to a prevalence of hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds. This research directly relates SME during extrusion to chemical and structural changes in corn proteins that may affect the texture of corn-based, ready-to-eat food products. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Whistler Ctr Carbohydrate Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hamaker, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food Sci, 1160 Food Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.2.316 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 178CL UT WOS:000079248400024 ER PT J AU Darwin, R AF Darwin, R TI A farmer's view of the Ricardian approach to measuring agricultural effects of climatic change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB During the past few years two new methods, each based on the analogous region concept, have been developed to account for farmer adaptation in response to global climatic change. The first, called `Ricardian' by Mendelsohn, Nordhaus, and Shaw (1994), econometrically estimates the impact of climatic and other variables on the value of farm real estate. Under some conditions, estimates of climate-induced changes in farm real estate capture first-round adaptations by farmers and represent the economic value of climatic change on agriculture. The second method, promulgated by Darwin et al. (1994) in the Future Agricultural Resources Model (FARM), uses a geographic information system to empirically link climatically derived land classes with other inputs and agricultural outputs in an economic model of the world. FARM provides estimates of economic impacts that fully account for all responses by economic agents under global climate change as well as estimates of Ricardian rents. The primary objective of this analysis is to evaluate how well changes in Ricardian rents measure agricultural or other effects of climatic change after all economic agents around the world have responded. Results indicate that changes in Ricardian rents on agricultural land are poor quantitative, but good qualitative, measures of how global climatic change is likely to affect the welfare of agricultural landowners, if one recognizes that increases in Ricardian rents actually indicate losses in landowner welfare and vice versa. Results also indicate that regional changes in Ricardian rents on all land are good qualitative measures of changes in regional welfare. They are poor quantitative welfare measures because they systematically overestimate both benefits and losses and are on average upwardly biased because inflated benefits are larger than exaggerated losses. Results also indicate that, when based on existing land-use patterns, changes in Ricardian rents on all the world's land are poor quantitative and qualitative measures of changes in world welfare. Despite these shortcomings, changes in Ricardian rents can provide useful information when other measures are not available. In this analysis, for example, estimated changes in Ricardian rents on all land indicate that climatic change would likely have detrimental effects in Latin America and Africa, beneficial effects in the former Soviet Union, and either detrimental or beneficial impacts in eastern and northern Europe and western and southern Asia. This is consistent with previous studies showing that climatic change would likely have detrimental, beneficial, and mixed effects on economic welfare in, respectively, equatorial, high latitude, and temperate areas. Estimated changes in Ricardian rents also indicate that aggregating Africa, Latin America, the former Soviet Union, eastern and northern Europe, and western and southern Asia into one region causes FARM's economic model to generate upwardly biased changes in world welfare. Modified results from scenarios with moderately flexible land-use change and which account for current land-use patterns indicate that world welfare may increase if the average surface land temperature does not increase by more than 1.0 or 2.0 degrees C. If the average surface land temperature increases by 3.0 degrees C or more, however, then world welfare may decline. C1 ERS, USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Darwin, R (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St NW,Room 4180, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 371 EP 411 DI 10.1023/A:1005421707801 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194JM UT WOS:000080189100009 ER PT J AU Schultz, LG Bryant, LK Ross, GS De Groot, BD AF Schultz, LG Bryant, LK Ross, GS De Groot, BD TI Teaser-bull preparation using a penile deviation technique SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Review AB Teaser bulls are often used in artificial insemination programs to detect estrus in cows and heifers. At the USDA Agricultural Research Service Meat Animal Research Center, penile deviation and caudal epididymectomy techniques are used to create teaser bulls. These straightforward methods have been taught to veterinary students, allowing them to achieve a surgical success rate of 95% during the past 4 years, and are outlined in detail here. This is a method readily applicable to veterinary practice. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Doniphan, NE USA. Livestock Informat Serv, Clay Ctr, NE USA. USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schultz, LG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 USA SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 SU S BP S86 EP S89 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 187NB UT WOS:000079791900001 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ Enkiri, N AF Sikora, LJ Enkiri, N TI Fescue growth as affected by municipal compost fertilizer blends SO COMPOST SCIENCE & UTILIZATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MINERALIZATION; NITROGEN AB A growth chamber study with Sassafras soil (Typic Hapludults) was conducted to find combinations or blends of composts and fertilizers which would be equal to the inorganic N fertilizer requirement of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Soil was amended with four rates of compost to provide 0, 16.7, 33, or 50 percent of the total 300 kg N ha(-1) applied. The remaining N, 100, 83.3, 67, or 50 percent was provided by NH4NO3. Composts used were a biosolids compost(BC) or a compost made from both biosolids and refuse(MC). Shredded hardwood bark (B) and N fertilizer combinations were tested to determine the effect of the organic matter fraction in compost on fescue. All combinations were compared to 50 percent (N50) to 100 percent (N100) fertilizer (300 kg N ha(-1) NH4NO3) application rates and to each other. Yield and N uptake from the N83 and N100 were equal. Fescue yields of blends were lower than N83 or N100. The 33 percent biosolids/refuse compost N:67 percent NH4NO3 (MC67) combination had equal N uptake to N83 or N100. Because compost N is only partially mineralizable during the first year, the equality of compost:fertilizer treatments to fertilizer alone suggests that other ingredients than N are benefitting the fescue. Yield and N uptake from blends containing shredded bark were equal to the N fertilizer alone treatments indicating that there was no benefit to fescue from the bark (organic matter) addition in this study. The data suggest that some composts may substitute for a portion of the N requirement of crops. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 1065-657X J9 COMPOST SCI UTIL JI Compost Sci. Util. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 2 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 208ZQ UT WOS:000081022900008 ER PT J AU Haley, SD May, RD Seabourn, BW Chung, OK AF Haley, SD May, RD Seabourn, BW Chung, OK TI Relational database system for summarization and interpretation of hard winter wheat regional quality data SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; FLOUR AB Achieving acceptable end-use (milling and baking) quality is a fundamental objective of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs throughout the U.S. hard winter wheat region. Numerous analytical methods have been developed to measure quality. Few tools are available to assist in the decision-making process when faced with a large number of parameters from comprehensive milling and baking tests. Our objective was to develop a relational database system for summarization and interpretation of wheat end-use quality data from the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory. The database system uses a graphical interface with a series of "layouts" that require input from the user, guide the user to a successive layout, or provide a data report. The database system provides simultaneous assessment of multiple quality traits on a standardized scale, user-specified prioritization of end-use quality traits for numerical and qualitative ratings of genotypes, tabulation of major quality deficiencies of genotypes, and summarization of quality ratings for a genotype across multiple nurseries. The database system has specific application to the hard winter wheat regional testing program; however, the basic principle and design could be readily extended to nursery-based end use quality testing programs in other wheat regions and market classes. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Agr Informat Technol, Iroquois, SD 57353 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200002 ER PT J AU Van Esbroeck, GA Bowman, DT May, OL Calhoun, DS AF Van Esbroeck, GA Bowman, DT May, OL Calhoun, DS TI Genetic similarity indices for ancestral cotton cultivars and their impact on genetic diversity estimates of modern cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; UPLAND COTTON; PARENTAGE; COEFFICIENTS; ORIGIN; MAIZE AB The accuracy of pedigree-derived genetic-distance estimates depends on the availability of breeding records and on the validity of a number of assumptions. Pedigree analysis for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) indicates a wide genetic base, which conflicts with other types of distance estimates indicating a narrow genetic base. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic similarity indices from agronomic and morphological traits for ancestral cotton cultivars and to determine their impact on the coefficient of parentage (CP) of recent cultivars. Twelve ancestral and two recent cultivars were grown at three locations (Clayton, NC; Florence, SC; and Stoneville, MS) during 1995 and evaluated for agronomic and fiber properties. Multivariate analysis of agronomic and fiber properties was used to create genetic similarity indices (s). There was little agreement between CP and s. Several ancestral cultivars developed from the earliest (pre-1800) introductions into the USA were very similar to the most recent (post-1900) introductions from Mexico. This suggested that all the original Mexican introductions were genetically very similar. Changing the assumptions in pedigree analysis to assume the original introductions were related by the average s among the ancestral cultivars (s = 0.38) decreased the Level of diversity in frequently grown modern cultivars from CP = 0.16 to CP = 0.46 but had little effect on the relative ranking of cultivars. This occurred because effects of possible erroneous pedigree assumptions in distant generations became diluted. The high degree of similarity among ancestral cultivars suggests that pedigree-derived genetic distance estimates have overestimated the genetic diversity among today's cultivars but not relative relationships. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Clemson Univ, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Delta Branch Exp Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bowman, DT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 8604, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200004 ER PT J AU May, OL Jividen, GM AF May, OL Jividen, GM TI Genetic modification of cotton fiber properties as measured by single- and high-volume instruments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UPLAND COTTON; HIGH-YIELD; QUALITY; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB Improved cotton fiber properties for the textile industry depends largely on genetic progress. Progress towards better fiber quality could be enhanced if breeders knew whether choice of fiber property measurement instrument affects direct and correlated responses to selection, The objectives of our study were to (i) compare heritability of a fiber property measured by single-instrument (fibrograph, micronaire, stelometer), that measure one or a few related properties, with the same fiber property measured by the integrated high volume instrument (HVI), capable of measuring multiple fiber properties, and (ii) compare direct and correlated selection response of fiber strength measured by the stelometer single instrument with that measured by the HVI, Other fiber properties important to textile processing including neps, short fiber content, immature fiber content, and fineness were measured by the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), Heritability and selection response were estimated in two populations derived from mating the excellent fiber quality germplasm lines PD-3-14 and PD 5363 with the lesser fiber quality germplasm LA 870222. Heritability of micronaire reading (bg micronaire instrument) and length (2.5% span length by fibrograph measurement) by single-instrument was similar to that measured by HVI. Heritability; of fiber strength was greater when measured with stelometer than HVI, but the subpopulations with highest fiber strength by stelometer or HVI measurement differed little for fiber strength when evaluated with either instrument. Heritability of short fiber content averaged about 0.2, fiber fineness about 0.5, and immature fiber content about 0.6, indicating the potential for genetic progress. Overall, early generation selection for fiber strength by HVI measurement resulted in desirable fiber profiles. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Cotton Inc, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP May, OL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200005 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Vick, BA TI Inheritance of reduced stearic and palmitic acid content in sunflower seed oil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; MUTANTS AB Reducing the saturated fatty acid content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L,) oil would benefit the sunflower industry through increased consumer preference for a low saturated sunflower product, This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of low stearic and low palmitic acid content found in three sunflower mutant lines treated with two mutagens, N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at rates of 1 and 2 g kg(-1). The fatty acid content of approximately 6800 M-5 lines was analyzed by gas chromatography. Two M-5 lines, HA 821 LS-1 and RHA 274 LS-2, had lower stearic acid content (41 and 20 g kg(-1)), and one M-5 line, RHA 274 LP-1, had lower palmitic acid content (47 g kg(-1)) than their respective parental lines. Segregation ratios of F-2 and testcross progeny indicated that the low stearic acid content in HA 821 LS-1 was controlled by one gene, designated fas1, with additive gene action. The low stearic acid content in RHA 274 LS-2 was controlled by two genes with additive gene action. The first gene was designated fas2, and the second gene was temporarily designated fasrx. The allele fap1 was identified in RHA 274 LP-1 to control low palmitic acid content with additive gene action. The combination of the alleles for low stearic and low palmitic acid content identified in this study could reduce the total saturated fatty acid content of oil in sunflower from 130 g kg(-1) to less than 80 g kg(-1). C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200011 ER PT J AU Percy, RG AF Percy, RG TI Inheritance of cytoplasmic-virescent cyt-V and dense-glanding dg mutants in American pima cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Morphological mutants of cotton (Gossypium spp,) have been used extensively in genetic mapping studies and in several instances have proven useful in agronomic improvement efforts. This investigation was conducted to determine the inheritance, allelism, and linkage associations of two spontaneous mutants found in plants of American Pima (G, barbadense L,) cotton. The two mutants were crossed to the normal phenotype cultivar PS-6 and to several genetic marker stocks, Appropriate F-1, F-2 and BC populations were created for analyses of inheritance and linkage studies. Analyses of F-1 nd F-2 populations of a virescent mutant indicated that it is inherited as an extranuclear factor. Expression of the mutant is transient, being strongest in the first true leaf after germination and fading by the fourth or fifth true leaf. It is proposed that the mutant be designated cytoplasmic-virescent and be assigned the gene symbol cyt-V. Analyses of F-1, F-2, and BC populations of a second, juvenilely expressed, densely glanded mutant indicated that it is inherited as a single, recessively expressed gene. Tests for association of the dense glanding trait with 13 other mutant markers produced no evidence of linkage. Linkage tests with two markers, T-1 and ms(13), were inconclusive. Expression of the dense glanding mutant is confined to expanding leaves and internodes, and to bracteoles, Expression is strongest in the first and second apical leaves, and fades by the fourth or fifth leaf, The designation dense-glanding and gene symbol dg are assigned to the mutant. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Maricopa Agr Ctr, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 372 EP 374 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200013 ER PT J AU Elbersen, HW Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA Tischler, CR AF Elbersen, HW Ocumpaugh, WR Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA Tischler, CR TI Field evaluation of switchgrass seedlings divergently selected for crown node placement SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS; RECURRENT SELECTION; KLEINGRASS; REGISTRATION; MORPHOLOGY; ELEVATION; GROWTH AB Excessive crown node elevation of warm-season grass seedlings is a major limitation to successful establishment. Crown node placement at or above the soil surface limits the opportunity for adventitious root development at the crown node. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L,) germplasm selected for low- (LC) and elevated- (EC) crown node placement (at 1.5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux density), has been developed from 'Alamo' switchgrass, The objective of this study was to determine if differences in crown node placement and other seedling morphological traits exist among Alamo (nonselected, parental), LC, and EC germplasm and if these differences affect seedling establishment in the field. Seeds were planted during April and May at Beeville, Stephenville, and College Station, TX, Each location was established with six blocks each consisting of a 2-m row of Alamo, LC, or EC seed. Seeds were planted at a l-cm depth. Three to 10 seedlings were marked at soil level, then dug for detailed seedling measurements. There were no genotype by location interactions for any trait measured. Emergence was more rapid at Beeville for all entries because of prewatering and better soil conditions. Averaged for the three locations, final emergence was 47, 37, and 30% for LC, EC, and Alamo. Mesocotyl length of LC germplasm averaged 5.9 mm compared with 8.4 and 9.1 mm for Alamo and EC germplasm, respectively. Even though LC seedlings had shorter mesocotyles and consequently lower crown node placement than EC or Alamo seedlings, these traits may not be directly responsible for greater establishment success. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. DLO, ATO, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Ocumpaugh, WR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, 3507 Hwy 59E, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200030 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE AF Lingle, SE TI Sugar metabolism during growth and development in sugarcane internodes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE SYNTHASE; INTERCEPTION; ACCUMULATION; CONDUCTANCE; STEM AB Development of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) genotypes with higher sucrose concentrations is desirable. Activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes during development of internodal storage tissue mag determine the rate of total sugar accumulation and final sucrose concentration. Internodes of seven commercial cultivars were tagged prior to elongation and sampled at intervals from July until December during two growing seasons. Internode elongation was completed by about 380 degrees C d (base temperature 18 degrees C). Dry matter accumulated until about 800 degrees C d. Water content decreased from about 920 to about 720 g kg(-1) fresh weight (FW). Soluble acid invertase and sucrose synthase (sucrose cleavage direction) had peaks of activity during elongation, then declined to lower levels. Neutral invertase and sucrose-phosphate synthase activities increased during development. Sugar accumulated, and the sucrose to total sugar ratio approached 1.0 as internodes developed, although the combined sucrose cleavage activity of the invertases and sucrose synthase in most internodes was greater than the synthetic activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase. Sugar accumulation rate was not consistently correlated with activity of My enzyme assayed. Sucrose content during internode development was correlated with sucrose-phosphate synthase activity and the difference between sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase activities. Sucrose content of mature internodes was not correlated with any enzyme activity. The data do not support the hypothesis that sucrose synthase activity is related to the rate of sugar accumulation, but do support the hypothesis that sucrose-phosphate synthase and acid invertase play key roles in determining sucrose concentration during maturation in sugarcane internodes. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 480 EP 486 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200031 ER PT J AU Bindi, M Sinclair, TR Harrison, J AF Bindi, M Sinclair, TR Harrison, J TI Analysis of seed growth by linear increase in harvest index SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SIMULATION-MODEL; SPRING WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; TEMPERATURE; DURATION; MAIZE; ENVIRONMENT; SOYBEANS; BARLEY AB A convenient and stable method for expressing crop seed growth is important both in experimental and simulation studies. The conventional approach has been to measure the seed growth rate (SGR) of individual seeds and multiply this by the number of seeds per unit ground area. An alternative to measurements of SGR has emerged from the observation that during seed growth, harvest index (NI) increases linearly over time. The objective of this study was to examine and compare SGR and dHI/dt as the appropriate description of crop seed growth on the basis of 22 data sets representing four crop species for which there were intensive measures of seed gros th and HI. Seed growth was analyzed by linear, quadratic, cubic, and logistic models, in regression analysis. These analyses showed that SGR and dHI/dt were not constant for the entire seed growth period. However, constant values for these two measures of seed growth Here statistically equivalent to a cubic function of seed growth for much of the seed growth period. A linear increase in SGR and dHI/dt was found to be statistically appropriate when seed weight and harvest index were increasing from 10 to 90% of their maximum value. It was Found in comparisons of the coefficients of variability that the stability of dHI/dt was greater than for SGR for individual cultivars grown under a range of conditions. Overall, this analysis indicated that a constant dHI/dt is an attractive approach for expressing crop seed growth. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Labs, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florence, DISAT, I-50144 Florence, Italy. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Labs, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu RI bindi, marco/M-6415-2014 OI bindi, marco/0000-0002-8968-954X NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200032 ER PT J AU Ray, IM Townsend, MS Muncy, CH Henning, JA AF Ray, IM Townsend, MS Muncy, CH Henning, JA TI Heritabilities of water-use efficiency traits and correlations with agronomic traits in water-stressed alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WHEATGRASS; SELECTION; QUALITY; COWPEA; INDEX; YIELD AB Inadequate supplies of surface water limit forage production in the southern Great Plains and western United States. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production in this region mag benefit from improvements in water-use efficiency (WUE), the amount of forage and root biomass produced per unit of,vater transpired. If benefits from improved WUE are to be realized, correlations between important agronomic traits and key physiological traits associated with WUE must he determined under water-limited conditions. This study characterized genetic correlations among C isotope discrimination (Delta), canopy temperature, ash concentration, dry-matter yield, forage maturity, and leaf tu stem ratio (LSR) in alfalfa grown under water-stressed field conditions. Heritabilities of the traits on a progeny mean basis were also determined. Thirty semidormant half-sib families were evaluated in seeded plots that Here irrigated every 30 d during 2 yr near Las Cruces, NM. Carbon isotope discrimination was negatively correlated with canopy temperature and ash content. An increase in dry-matter yield was associated with higher Delta, lower canopy temperatures, low ash concentration, taller shoots, earlier maturity, and reduced LSR, Carbon isotope discrimination, ash concentration. and yield were moderately heritable (h(2) = 0.40-0.56) indicating that these traits could be altered through breeding and selection. The positive relationship between Delta and shoot yield suggests that germplasms should he evaluated for both Delta and yield when characterizing alfalfa for high WUE to minimize potential yield reductions that may result from selection based only on a. Moderate correlations between Delta and canopy temperature or ash content indicated that neither trait provided highly reliable estimates of Delta in water-stressed alfalfa. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ray, IM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 494 EP 498 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200033 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL Huff, DR AF Gustine, DL Huff, DR TI Genetic variation within and among white clover populations from managed permanent pastures of the northeastern USA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF MARK POLYMORPHISM; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS-L; NEIGHBOR RELATIONSHIPS; RAPD MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY; GROWTH AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) population dynamics and genetic variation were characterized in populations under continuous grazing management. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic: DNA) profiles were developed for individuals sampled from managed permanent pastures on 18 farms in Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT), Genomic DNA from individual white clover plants (48) sampled over two transects at each location during fall, 1996, was amplified by the PCR (polymerase chain reaction). RAPD profiles of 54 RAPD markers were used to compute genetic distances between pairs of individuals. The data set for each location was evaluated by AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance), which apportioned total variation among individuals within populations, among populations within states (PA, NY, VT), and among state populations (PA, NY, VT). An interpopulation distance matrix of 18 fall-sampled populations was used to calculate a dendrogram. Two groups of 6 and 10 populations were evident, with two populations as single branches. VT populations were in the larger population group, and the PA and NY populations were in both groups. White clover genetic variability in the swards was higher than expected, all populations were significantly different (P < 0.001) from each other, and the PA, NY, and VT populations were indistinguishable from each other. Populations from four PA locations also sampled in summer changed significantly tno months later in the fall. Rapidly changing white clover diversity may be due to rapid, differential growth of individuals best adapted to seasonal changes in the microenvironment, or to unexpectedly high levels of seedling recruitment. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gustine, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 524 EP 530 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200038 ER PT J AU Romeis, J Shanower, TG Peter, AJ AF Romeis, J Shanower, TG Peter, AJ TI Trichomes on pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and two wild Cajanus spp. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; BEHAVIOR AB Trichomes have been modified in a number of crops to develop insect-tolerant genotypes. Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L,) Millsp., is often heavily damaged by insect pests, and trichomes provide a potential insect resistance mechanism. The following study was conducted to identify and characterize the distribution of trichomes on pigeonpea and two wild species, C. platycarpus (Bentham) van der Maesen and C. scarabaeoides (L,) Thours, Three glandular (Types A, B, and E) and two nonglandular (Types C and D) trichome types were identified with light and electron microscopy, Types A, B, C, and D were found on leaves, pods, and calyxes of all three Cajanus spp,, except for Type Al which was not found on pods and calyxes of most C. scarabaeoides accessions examined. Because of their small size and rarity, Type E trichomes were not considered in this study. Pods of C. scarabaeoides were the most densely pubescent, followed by pods of C. cajan and C. platycarpus. Trichome density on pods varied significantly among pigeonpea genotypes and different accessions of C. scarabaeoides, Differences across seasons and in greenhouse versus field-grown plants were also significant. Leaves of C. platycarpus possessed the fewest trichomes, while C. cajan and C. scarabaeoides had highly pubescent leaves. The resistance of C. scarabaeoides pods to Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae reported in an earlier study is due to the high density of nonglandular trichomes. This wild species may thus he an important source for developing insect resistant pigeonpea. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. ETH Zentrum, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Nagarjuna Agr Res & Dev Inst, Secunderabad 500009, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Shanower, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RI Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 564 EP 569 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200044 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Delorme, R Hannan, R Dickson, MH AF Miklas, PN Delorme, R Hannan, R Dickson, MH TI Using a subsample of the core collection to identify new sources of resistance to white mold in common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; DRY BEANS; INHERITANCE; INFECTION; DISEASE AB Pew sources of physiological resistance to the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, causal organism of white mold disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgris L.), have been found and exploited by breeders. Our objective was to screen a subsample of the core collection of P. vulgris accessions representing the active USDA National Plant Germplasm System collection of 1698 accessions from Central and South America for reaction to white mold using a greenhouse straw test. White mold reactions were rated for 89 accessions from 1 = no disease symptoms to 9 = total plant collapse. Eleven core accessions, PIs (plant introductions) 152311, 207136, 207154, 290990, 290995, 293353, 313850, 415886, 415906, 415913, and 415936, with scores <5 were identified as having putative physiological resistance to white mold. An expanded screening among 35 accessions from the active collection which had similar passport data to the resistant core PIs 207136, 290990, and 313850 revealed 20 resistant accessions with disease scores <5. A similar expanded screening of 18 accessions with similar passport data to core PIs 310674, 313608, and 415954 that had scores >6, revealed only four accessions with scores <5. These results indicated that a subsample of the core collection was useful for identifying ranges of accessions within the active Phaseolus collection that possessed a high incidence of putative physiological resistance to white mold. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200045 ER PT J AU Townsend, HS Henning, JA Smith, DW Ray, IM Currier, CC AF Townsend, HS Henning, JA Smith, DW Ray, IM Currier, CC TI Differential concentration of ten minerals among four ancestral alfalfa germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; SOIL AB Rapid expansion of dairy herds in the southwestern USA has increased the need for high-quality alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) forage in the region. Enhancing mineral balance in alfalfa forage could benefit both plant and animal production. The objective of this study was to survey four ancestral alfalfa germplasms (representing the range in fall dormancy) for variability in shoot mineral concentration and for phenotypic associations among mineral concentrations. African, Chilean, Flemish, and Ladak germplasms, and the check cultivar Moapa 69, were evaluated in a 2-yr irrigated field study near Las Cruces, NM. Plots consisted of 12.2-m-long raised beds spaced 1.2 m apart. Plant sparing within plots was 0.26 m. Ten plants per plot Here randomly sampled in the early-bud stage in 1993 and the late-bud stage in 1994 and evaluated for P, Ca, S, Mg, K, Na, B, Cu, Fe, and hin concentration using an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer. Years were a significant source of variation for all minerals except Mn, while the population x gear interaction was significant for P, Ca, Mg, S, and Mn. The more dormant germplasms, Flemish and Ladak, generally had the highest P and K concentration and the lowest Ca concentration in both years. Flemish germplasm also possessed relatively high concentrations of S, Na, Fe, and Mn. A greater proportion of significant phenotypic correlations between minerals Here observed in this study than in previous reports. These results suggest that Flemish-based parental populations should provide useful genetic materials for enhancing mineral concentration in alfalfa forage. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Currier Abstract Co, Artesia, NM 88211 USA. RP Townsend, HS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 574 EP 578 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200046 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Willcott, JB AF Clapham, WM Willcott, JB TI A thermosensitivity index for Lupinus albus L. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE LUPIN AB Phenology and plant architecture of spring lupin Lupinus albus L. vary with early thermal environment, which dramatically affects seed maturation and production. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate an index to quantify the relative differences among a selection of genotypes to "warm" and "cold" temperatures during early development. Seedlings of 27 lupin accessions and cultivars were incubated at 5 and 24 degrees C for 3 wk and then grown to maturity in the greenhouse. The number of mainstem vegetative nodes at maturity were counted and used as the basis for developing an index of thermosensitivity. The simple difference between mainstem vegetative node numbers from seedlings incubated at 24 and 5 degrees C provided a means for quantifying thermosensitivity and identifying thermoneutral genotypes. Significant simple difference values ranged from 4.69 to 20.33 and were not significant for cv 'Start', An alternative standardized index was developed that allowed for comparisons within genotypes among gears. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, POB 400, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 578 EP 580 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200047 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'Matterhorn' great northern bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mich Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 1 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 589 EP 590 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200051 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Martin, RJ St Martin, SK Calip-DuBois, A Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF AF Cooper, RL Martin, RJ St Martin, SK Calip-DuBois, A Fioritto, RJ Schmitthenner, AF TI Registration of 'Stressland' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM cooper.16@osu.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 590 EP 591 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200053 ER PT J AU Boe, A Ross, JG Haas, RJ Tober, DA AF Boe, A Ross, JG Haas, RJ Tober, DA TI Registration of 'Sunnyview' big bluestem SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA, NRCS, State Off, Bismarck, ND 58502 USA. USDA, NRCS, Plant Mat Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58504 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 593 EP 593 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200057 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Zapata, M Beaver, JS Grafton, KF AF Miklas, PN Zapata, M Beaver, JS Grafton, KF TI Registration of four dry bean germplasms resistant to common bacterial blight: ICB-3, ICB-6, ICB-8, and ICB-10 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200058 ER PT J AU Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Gill, BS Sears, RG AF Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Gill, BS Sears, RG TI Registration of KS96WGRC35 and KS96WGRC36 leaf rust-resistant hard red winter wheat germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200060 ER PT J AU Cox, TS Sears, RG Gill, BS Hussien, T Bowden, RL Brown-Guedira, GL AF Cox, TS Sears, RG Gill, BS Hussien, T Bowden, RL Brown-Guedira, GL TI Registration of KS96WGRC34 leaf rust-resistant hard red winter wheat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; COMMON WHEAT; GENES C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200059 ER PT J AU Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Bockus, WW Gill, BS Sears, RG AF Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Bockus, WW Gill, BS Sears, RG TI Registration of KS96WGRC38 and KS96WGRC39 tan spot-resistant hard red winter wheat germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200062 ER PT J AU Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Gill, BS Sears, RG Leath, S AF Brown-Guedira, GL Cox, TS Gill, BS Sears, RG Leath, S TI Registration of KS96WGRC37 powdery mildew-resistant hard white winter wheat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200061 ER PT J AU Cox, TS Bockus, WW Gill, BS Sears, RG Harvey, TL Leath, S Brown-Guedira, GL AF Cox, TS Bockus, WW Gill, BS Sears, RG Harvey, TL Leath, S Brown-Guedira, GL TI Registration of KS96WGRC40 hard red winter wheat germplasm resistant to wheat curl mite, stagnospora leaf blotch, and septoria leaf blotch SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200063 ER PT J AU May, OL AF May, OL TI Registration of PD 94042 germplasm line of upland cotton with high yield and fiber maturity SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29506 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. RP May, OL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 597 EP 598 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200064 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Hammond, RB AF Cooper, RL Hammond, RB TI Registration of insect-resistant soybean germplasm lines HC95-24MB and HC95-15MB SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; ANTIBIOSIS C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 599 EP 599 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 183FH UT WOS:000079543200066 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA TI Medium-chain-length poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis from triacylglycerols by Pseudomonas saccharophila SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLEOVORANS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; POLYESTERS; CULTURES AB Pseudomonas saccharophila NRRL B-628 is capable of utilizing agricultural lipids for growth. The organism exhibited good growth with triacylglycerol substrates that contained saturated fatty acyl moieties such as coconut oil (CO; C10-12 fatty acids) and tallow (T; C16-18 fatty acids). Electron micrographs of the triacylglycerol-grown cells showed the presence of intracellular granules indicative of poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) production. Cells grown in a 250-ml CO-containing medium produced ca. 0.2 g of medium-chain-length (mcl)-PHA. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that beta-hydroxyoctanoic acid (30%), beta-hydroxydecanoic acid (40%), and beta-hydroxydodecanoic acid (16%) were the major monomer repeat-units of the GO-derived polymer. The estimated mean molecular mass of the GO-derived mcl-PHA as determined by gel permeation chromatography was 13.1 X 10(4) g/mol with a polydispersity of 3.16. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1007/PL00006779 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166ZP UT WOS:000078608300003 PM 9922465 ER PT J AU Seman, LJ McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ AF Seman, LJ McNamara, JR Schaefer, EJ TI Lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and remnantlike particles: emerging risk factors SO CURRENT OPINION IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; LDL CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-PLASMA; MEN; HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA; PARTICIPANTS AB Although lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was first described more than 35 years ago, adequate prospective data have only recently supported Lp(a) as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). in vitro studies suggest that Lp(a) contributes to atherogenesis directly by cholesterol uptake and indirectly by the inhibition of fibrinolysis. In patients with CHD or a significant risk for CHD, Lp(a) should be measured and treated with either niacin or estrogen if the patient has Lp(a) cholesterol levels of more than 10 mg/dL or an Lp(a) mass of more than 30 mg/dL. In addition, homocysteine and remnant-like lipoprotein cholesterol are strongly supported by prospective or population-based prevalence data as independent risk factors for CHD. Homocysteine revels of more than 14 mu mol/L should be treated with vitamin supplements of folate, B-6, and B-12. Remnantlike lipoprotein cholesterol is the product of a novel immunoassay that separates the partially hydrolyzed triglyceride-rich remnant particles. The association of these particles with CHD risk in women may explain the small independent CHD risk that triglycerides have in women in the Framingham Heart Study. A clear therapeutic intervention has not been documented but may include diet, fibric acid derivatives, or hydroxymethylglutamyl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Seman, LJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 84 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0268-4705 J9 CURR OPIN CARDIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cardiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1097/00001573-199903000-00017 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 176AE UT WOS:000079127800017 PM 10191979 ER PT J AU Choi, KD Lillehoj, HS Song, KD Han, JY AF Choi, KD Lillehoj, HS Song, KD Han, JY TI Molecular and functional characterization of chicken IL-15 SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interleukin-15; gamma delta TCR T cells; cytokine; T cell growth factor; chicken cytokine ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; DELTA-T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GROWTH-FACTOR; BETA-CHAIN; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN-2 AB A cDNA encoding chicken interleukin-15 was cloned from a CD4(+) T cell hybridoma expression library by screening with a rabbit antibody against a protein fraction of conditioned medium containing T cell growth promoting activity. The chicken IL-15 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 143 amino acids with a single potential N-linked glycosylation site. The predicted m.w. of the encoded protein (16 kDa) matched the size of an immunoreactive band on Western blots of E. coli expressing the recombinant IL-15. Amino acid and nucleotide sequence analyses of chicken IL-15 revealed 31% and 46% identity with bovine IL-15 respectively and lesser homologies to other mammalian IL-15s. Chicken IL-15 contained all 4 highly conserved cysteine residues present in mammalian IL-15 sequences. RT-PCR demonstrated that the chicken IL-15 gene is expressed in many tissues including spleen, intestine, and muscle and in established macrophage. T lymphoma and fibroblast cell lines. Activation of spleen cells with Con A enhanced the expression of IL-15 gene transcripts in a time-dependent manner. CHO-KI cells transfected with the chicken IL-15 cDNA secreted a biologically active protein supporting the growth of Con A activated spleen lymphocytes. Continuous culture of spleen Con A lymphoblasts with chicken IL-15 over two months resulted in an enriched T lymphocyte population expressing the gamma delta TCR, CD8 alpha, and CD3 cell surface antigens. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Immunol Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Immunol Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Bldg 1040,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 43 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(98)00046-9 PG 13 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 188EA UT WOS:000079831100006 PM 10227483 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Gregory, R AF Brown, TC Gregory, R TI Why the WTA-WTP disparity matters SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE economic value; willingness to pay; willingness to accept compensation; resource allocation; damage assessment ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH; ACCEPT; COMPENSATION; VALUATION; VALUES; CHOICE; PREFERENCES; DECISION; MARKET AB The disparity between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept compensation (WTA) has been demonstrated repeatedly. Because using WTP estimates of value where a WTA estimate is appropriate tends to undervalue environmental assets, this issue is important to environmental managers. We summarize reasons for the disparity and then discuss some of the implications for management of environmental assets. We end by suggesting some approaches for dealing with the lack of credible methods for estimating WTA values of environmental goods. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Div Res, N Vancouver, BC V7P 1Z9, Canada. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 3825 E Mulberry St, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 67 TC 59 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00050-0 PG 13 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 183AM UT WOS:000079530900001 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE TI A history of the ecosystem concept in ecology. More than the sum of the parts. SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 467 EP 468 PG 2 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 183AM UT WOS:000079530900011 ER PT J AU Barnes, JM Trinidad-Correa, R Orum, TV Felix-Gastelum, R Nelson, MR AF Barnes, JM Trinidad-Correa, R Orum, TV Felix-Gastelum, R Nelson, MR TI Landscape ecology as a new infrastructure for improved management of plant viruses and their insect vectors in agroecosystems SO ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Pest and disease problems in agriculture frequently extend beyond the boundaries of an individual grower's fields, therefore management strategies in some pest and disease pathosystems may be more effectively addressed regionally. In the late 1980s, the tomato processing industry in the Del Fuerte Valley of Sinaloa, Mexico, became concerned about a complex of virus diseases affecting tomatoes. The principles of landscape ecology and the tools of geographic information systems were applied to help organize a cooperative regional approach to disease management of specific cropping systems. The major tomato producers in the region provided skilled personnel to assess the risk of virus disease incidence at the time of planting for specific fields and to assess virus disease incidence later in the growing season. All data were spatially referenced using a geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning systems. Summary maps of perceived site risk and observed disease incidence for the region were made using geostatistics and GIS. Classical plant virus disease management strategies (avoidance or removal of sources of the viruses and their insect vectors, use of virus-free seed and transplants, etc.) were focused on areas of highest risk and incidence. The use of pesticides to manage the vectors of the virus pathogens was actively discouraged and greatly reduced. The incidence of tomato virus diseases (representing as many as 10 possible viruses) in the Del Fuerte Valley peaked at an average of over 7% in 1991-1992 with disease incidence in individual fields varying from 0% to 69% and dropped consistently each year to less than 1% in the 1995-1996 season with disease incidence in individual fields varying from 0% to 11%. Geographic information systems and landscape ecology provided a regional perspective that was crucial in spatially referencing, interpreting, and communicating information necessary to implement a regional disease management program. As geographic information system tools become increasingly available, one of the challenges and opportunities will be the integration of agroecosystem data at the regional level to promote the health of whole agroecosystems. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC USA. SA De CV, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. Campbell Res & Dev, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. RP Nelson, MR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-2825 J9 ECOSYST HEALTH JI Ecosyst. Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09904.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185KM UT WOS:000079668200004 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA AF Hu, JS Gelman, DB Bell, RA TI Effects of selected physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle eggs on host acceptance and development of the parasitic wasp, Edovum puttleri SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE physical and chemical effects; parasitization; Colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Edovum puttleri; Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; UV irradiation; host age; freezing; kairomone ID TRICHOGRAMMA-NUBILALE HYMENOPTERA; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; INSECT PARASITOIDS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; EULOPHIDAE; COLEOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; RESPONSES; AGE AB Effects of various physical and chemical treatments of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] eggs on parasitization and development of the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were investigated. UV irradiation did not affect host acceptance but reduced host suitability for UV exposure times greater than or equal to 90 min. Susceptibility of host eggs to UV irradiation varied with host age; eggs were most vulnerable to damage from irradiation at 12, 18, and 24 h post-oviposition. The rate of parasitization also was influenced by host age. Percent parasitization was greatest in freshly laid eggs and 24-30 h old eggs. Seventy-seven percent of host eggs frozen at -20 degrees C (5 min) were parasitized by E. puttleri, but extended exposure of eggs to -20 degrees C reduced both acceptance and suitability. Host eggs that had been washed with hexane (removal of kairomone and sticky layer) also were parasitized. After 5 min of washing, application of kairomone significantly increased the rate of parasitism (from 74.7% to 88.2%), but with longer periods of washing, kairomone application had no significant effect on percent parasitism. Thus, the sticky material(s) coating the egg did not appear to be essential for parasitization to occur. Our results provide effective methods and times for treating Colorado potato beetle eggs to maximize parasitization and development of E. puttleri. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 90 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00444.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196AJ UT WOS:000080285800002 ER PT J AU Nielsen, GR Fuentes, C Quebedeaux, B Wang, Z Lamp, WO AF Nielsen, GR Fuentes, C Quebedeaux, B Wang, Z Lamp, WO TI Alfalfa physiological response to potato leafhopper injury depends on leafhopper and alfalfa developmental stage SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE phloem translocation; Empoasca fabae; Medicago sativa; radiolabeled assimilate; C-14 ID EMPOASCA-FABAE; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; REGROWTH; PHLOEM; STEMS AB We examined the effects of potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) developmental stage and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) developmental stage on the physiological response of the plant to injury. We used radioactive carbon dioxide to label the photoassimilate stream and evaluate the phloem health of alfalfa. In one experiment, six first instar, four fourth instar, and three adult leafhoppers were caged by stage on single alfalfa stems for approximately one day. Only fourth instar nymphs significantly reduced the amount of label transported to injured tissues above the source of the labeled assimilate. First instar nymphs had no effect and adults reduced assimilate transport to stem tips, but this trend was not significant possibly because of confounding variables. However, injury by both first instar nymphs and adults resulted in greater concentration of labeled assimilate in portions of the stem below the feeding site. In another experiment, the developmental stage of alfalfa stems was central to the physiological response of alfalfa to leafhopper injury. A 20 h exposure to three adult leafhoppers significantly reduced the amount of label translocated to the tip and crown tissues of early vegetative plants, and to the crown tissue only of late vegetative plants. In reproductive plants, assimilate translocation was not affected by leafhopper injury. In a final experiment, we found no evidence of an effect on the photosynthesis of leaves of similar age and position to those used as source leaves in our translocation studies. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the physiological response of plants to injury by sap-feeding insects, and suggest the need for greater refinement of economic injury levels based on leafhopper and plant developmental stage. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nielsen, GR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Lamp, William/G-6081-2015 OI Lamp, William/0000-0002-8565-1560 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 90 IS 3 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00445.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196AJ UT WOS:000080285800003 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Mastro, VC Leonard, DS Leonhardt, BA McLane, W Reardon, RC Talley, SE AF Thorpe, KW Mastro, VC Leonard, DS Leonhardt, BA McLane, W Reardon, RC Talley, SE TI Comparative efficacy of two controlled-release gypsy moth mating disruption formulations SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; disparlure; pheromone; mating disruption; laminate flakes; polymethacrylate beads; forest pest; aerial application ID RACEMIC DISPARLURE; POPULATION-DENSITY; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; TRAPS AB The effects of aerial applications of the gypsy moth sex pheromone, disparlure, on mating disruption and suppression of growth of populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were investigated. Two formulations of disparlure, plastic laminate flakes applied in a single application and polymethacrylate beads applied in two applications, were compared in two separate tests conducted in 1993 and 1994. The beads were applied in two applications spaced 2 weeks apart because preliminary tests had indicated that they released pheromone too rapidly to maintain adequate emission rates throughout the period of male flight. In 1993, the flakes were applied at a rate of 50 g a.i./ha, and the beads were applied at a rate of 15 g a.i./ha for each application. In 1994, the flakes were applied at a rate of 75 g a.i./ha and the beads were applied at rates of 32.5 and 42.5 g a.i./ha for the two applications. Beads with larger average particle size were used in 1994 to prolong disparlure release. The treatments applied in 1993 resulted in > 97% reduction in mating and > 82% suppression of population growth in the following year. Because of a 1995 collapse of gypsy moth populations in the vicinity of the tests, reliable population growth data were not available for the treatments applied in 1994, but significant mating disruption did occur under both treatments. Based on measurements of residual disparlure after field aging, the flakes released 32 and 48% of their disparlure content during the 6 weeks of male moth flight in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The smaller beads used in 1993 released 75% of their disparlure content, and the larger beads used in 1994 released 52% of their disparlure content, during the 6 weeks of male flight. The biological efficacy data suggest that the bead and flake formulations, as applied in these tests, have similar effects on gypsy moth mating disruption and subsequent population growth. Based on the observed release rates from both 1993 and 1994, a single application of the beads would provide emission rates equal to or greater than those provided by the flakes when applied at an equal dose. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Rockbridge Co, Gypsy Moth Program, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 90 IS 3 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00447.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196AJ UT WOS:000080285800005 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Yeargan, KV AF Cottrell, TE Yeargan, KV TI Factors influencing dispersal of larval Coleomegilla maculata from the weed Acalypha ostryaefolia to sweet corn SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Coleomegilla maculata; Euphorbiaceae; Acalypha ostryaefolia; Zea mays; dispersal; predator ID PUBESCENT POTATO PLANTS; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; FIELD AB The polyphagous predator, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), commonly oviposits on the native weed, Acalypha ostryaefolia Riddell (Euphorbiaceae), in and around Kentucky sweet corn fields. Cannibalism of eggs by C. maculata adults and larvae is drastically lower on A. ostryaefolia than on nearby sweet corn plants. We examined ovipositional preference of C. maculata for A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, dispersal of larvae from A. ostryaefolia plants, capability for dispersal of larvae across bare soil (e.g., to nearby plants), ability of larvae to climb from ground level up A. ostryaefolia plants or sweet corn plants, and effect of A. ostryaefolia borders adjacent to sweet corn plots on C. maculata population density in sweet corn. The ovipositional preference study revealed that C. maculata laid more eggs on A. ostryaefolia than on corn. First-instar C. maculata that hatched from egg clusters on A. ostryaefolia dispersed predominantly by falling, rather than crawling, to the ground. Glandular trichomes on A. ostryaefolia petioles and stems apparently inhibited intraplant movement of first instars, resulting in those larvae falling directly from leaves to the ground. Some first instars were capable of moving at least 8 m across bare soil in 24 h. From the ground, significantly more first instars climbed sweet corn plants than climbed A. ostryaefolia plants. Significantly more larvae were present in sweet corn plots bordered by A. ostryaefolia plants than in sweet corn plots without an A. ostryaefolia border. These findings show that physical attributes of companion plants can significantly influence natural enemy populations on crop plants by affecting interplant dispersal of natural enemies. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 90 IS 3 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00451.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 196AJ UT WOS:000080285800009 ER PT J AU Spangler, HG Burger, JF AF Spangler, HG Burger, JF TI Oestrophasia clausa (Diptera : Tachinidae), a parasite of adult Diplotaxis moerens (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Spangler, HG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 110 IS 2 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 193PP UT WOS:000080145500010 ER PT J AU Norton, S Kahl, J Fernandez, I Haines, T Rustad, L Nodvin, S Scofield, J Strickland, T Erickson, H Wigington, P Lee, J AF Norton, S Kahl, J Fernandez, I Haines, T Rustad, L Nodvin, S Scofield, J Strickland, T Erickson, H Wigington, P Lee, J TI The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SOIL; SULFATE; STREAM; VARIABILITY; SPECIATION; CHEMISTRY AB The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation project in Maine is a paired calibrated watershed study funded by Be U.S. EPA. The research program is evaluating whole ecosystem response to elevated inputs of acidifying chemicals. The consists of a 2.5 year calibration period (1987-1989), nine years of chemical additions of (NH4)(2)SO4 (N-15- and S-34-enriched for several years) to West Bear watershed (1989-1998), followed by a recovery period. The other watershed, East Bear, serves as a reference. Dosing is in six equal treatments/yr of 1800 eq SO4 and NH4/ha/yr, a 200% increase over 1988 loading (wet pins dry) for SO4 and 300% for N (wet NO3 + NH4). The experimental and reference watersheds are forested with mixed hard- and softwoods, and have thin acidic soils, areas of 10.2 and 10.7 ha, and relief of 210 m. Thin till of variable composition is underlain by metasedimentary pelitic rocks and calc-silicate gneiss intruded by granite dikes and sills. For Be period 1987-1995, precipitation averaged 1.4 m/yr, had a mean pH of 4.5, with SO4, NO3, and NH4 concentrations of 26, 14, and 7 mu eq/L, respectively. The nearly perrenial streams draining each watershed have discharges ranging from 0 (East Bear stops flowing for one to two months per year) to 150 L/sec. Prior to manipulation, East Bear and West Bear had a volume weighted annual mean pH of approximately 5.4, alkalinity = 0 to 4 mu eq/L total base cations = 184 mu eq/L (seasalt corrected = 118 mu eq/L) and SO4 = 100 to 111 mu eq/L. Nitrate ranged from 0 to 30 mu eq/L with an annual mean of 6 to 25 mu eq/L; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1 to 7 mg/L but was typically less than 3. Episodic acidification occurred at high discharge and was caused by dilution of cations slightly increased DOG, significantly higher NO3, and the sea-salt effect. Depressions in pH were accompanied by increases in inorganic Al. The West Bear catchment responded to Be chemical addition; with increased export of base cations, Al, SO4, NO3, and decreased pH, ANC, and WC. Silica remained relatively constant. Neutralization of the acidifying chemicals occurred dominantly by cation desorption and mobilization of Al. C1 US Forest Serv, Dept Geol Sci, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Norton, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Dept Geol Sci, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1 BP 7 EP 51 DI 10.1023/A:1006115011381 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195NR UT WOS:000080258500002 ER PT J AU Jansen, MAK Mattoo, AK Edelman, M AF Jansen, MAK Mattoo, AK Edelman, M TI D1-D2 protein degradation in the chloroplast - Complex light saturation kinetics SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chloroplasts; Spirodela oligorrhiza; photosystem II; protein degradation ID II REACTION-CENTER; HERBICIDE-BINDING-PROTEIN; METABOLIZED 32-KILODALTON PROTEIN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; D1 PROTEIN; D2 PROTEIN; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; INVIVO DEGRADATION; CORE COMPLEXES; QB-PROTEIN AB The D1 and D2 proteins of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center are stable in the dark, while rapid degradation occurs in the light. Thus far, a quantitative correlation between degradation and photon fluences has not been determined. In Spirodela oligorrhiza, D1-D2 degradation increases with photon flux. We find that kinetics for D2 degradation mirror those for D1, except that the actual half-life times of the D2 protein are about three times larger than those of the D1. The degradation ratio, D2/D1, is fluence independent, supporting the proposal [Jansen, M.A.K., Greenberg, B.M., Edelman, M., Mattoo, A.K. & Gaba, V. (1996), Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 814-817] that degradation of the two proteins is coupled. It is commonly conceived that D1 degradation is predominantly associated with photon fluences that are supersaturating for photosynthesis. We now show that a fluence as low as 5 mu mol.m(-2.)s(-1) elicited a reaction constituting > 25 % of the total degradation response, while > 90 % of the degradation potential was attained at intensities below saturation for photosynthesis (approximate to 750 mu mol.m(-2) .s(-1)). Thus, in intact plants, DI degradation is overwhelmingly associated with fluences limiting for photosynthesis. D1 degradation increases with photon flux in a complex, multiphasic manner. Four phases were uncovered over the fluence range from 0-1600 mu mol m(-2).s(-1). The multiphasic saturation kinetics underscore that the D1 and D2 degradation response is complex, and emanates from more than one parameter. The physiological processes associated with each phase remain to be determined. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Plant Physiol, Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jansen, MAK (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Nitrogen Fixat Lab, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; OI Jansen, Marcel/0000-0003-2014-5859 NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 260 IS 2 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00196.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 180YN UT WOS:000079413600029 PM 10095791 ER PT J AU Hua, SST Lawrence, DA AF Hua, SST Lawrence, DA TI Molecular cloning and restriction endonuclease mapping of the glutamate synthase gene from salt-tolerant Bradyrhizobium spp. strain WR1001 SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; cosmid cloning; glutamate synthase; salt tolerance ID AZORHIZOBIUM-SESBANIAE ORS571; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA FRAGMENTS; SODIUM; PLASMIDS; SYSTEM; STRESS; LOCUS AB In order to clone the glutamate synthase gene (glt) from salt-tolerant Bradyrhizobium spp. strain WR1001, a genomic cosmid library was constructed using the vector pHC79. The library was mass-conjugated into Escherichia coli ET1194 (glt(-)) in a triparental mating, using pRK2013 as a mobilizing plasmid. Transconjugants of ET1194 which grew on minimal medium and had Glt(+) phenotype were selected for the isolation of recombinant cosmids. Plasmid pHL27, which contained a 40-kb insert of WR1001 DNA and complemented ET1194 to Glt(+) phenotype, was chosen to delimit the glutamate synthase gene. The region that encoded gir in cosmid pHL27 was determined by Southern blot analysis using the cloned git gene of E. coli DH1 as a probe. An 11-kb HindIII DNA fragment from pHL27 contained the fully functional glt gene. Partial PstI and EcoRI restriction enzyme digests of cosmid pHL27 were subcloned into the vectors pBS(+) and pUC8 and transformed into ET1194 to rest for Glt(+) phenotype. The glt coding region was defined by aligning the physical maps of the subclones. (C) 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ssth@pw.usda.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 172 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 170DW UT WOS:000078791900016 ER PT J AU Bullock, RC Pelosi, RR Killer, EE AF Bullock, RC Pelosi, RR Killer, EE TI Management of citrus root weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) on Florida citrus with soil-applied entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda : Rhabditida) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Pachnaeus litus; root weevils; citrus; Steinernema carpocapsae; S. riobravis ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA AB The entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and S. riobravis Cabanillas, Poiner and Raulston were compared as twice a year soil treatments for control of the west indian sugarcane root stalk borer weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), and citrus root weevil, Pachnaeus litus (Germar). Additionally, four single rate demonstrations evaluated S. riobravis and a 2- year test compared single versus double annual treatments of S. riobravis. The 6 experiments were conducted in the Indian River Area of Florida, U.S.A. Two applications per year of S. carpocapsae were as effective as S. riobravis for P. litus control but failed to control D. abbreviatus. A single application of S. riobravis delivering 2 million nematodes per tree through low volume irrigation systems or a tractor-mounted herbicide boom in demonstration tests provided 64% and 89% reduction of P. litus and D. abbreviatus, respectively. Single annual applications of 2 million S. riobravis per tree delivered with sprinkling cans reduced P. litus populations by 65% and D. abbreviatus populations by 85% over a 2 year period and was statistically equal to a 2-a-year treatment of S. riobravis that provided 80% and 95% reductions, respectively. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Bullock, RC (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.2307/3495831 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325NF UT WOS:000087681900001 ER PT J AU Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T AF Sivinski, J Aluja, M Holler, T TI The distributions of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Tephritidae) and its parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) within the canopies of host trees SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diachasmimorpha longicaudata; Doryctobracon areolatus; Utetes anastrephae; biological control; parasitoids; fruit flies ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; LOEW DIPTERA; MEXICO AB In the area of LaBelle. Florida (Hendry County), the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), is commonly attacked by three braconid parasitoids, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti), Diachasnzimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). Fruits from fifteen individual trees of four species, Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.), Cattley guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), guava (P. guajava L.), and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica [Thunb.]), were systematically sampled in order to determine the distribution of A. suspensa and its parasitoids within the tree's canopies. Fruits infested by A. suspensa were lighter than infested ones in P. guajava. This may be due to the presence of the larvae. There was no evidence that A. suspensa preferred to oviposit in fruits at particular heights above ground or distances from canopy edges. Fruits containing larvae parasitized by U: re nastrephae were significantly lighter than those containing larvae parasitized by either D. areolatus or D. longicaudata, and it was not present in P.guajava, the species with the heaviest fruits There were no differences, either overall or within host tree species, among the heights. above ground ol distances from canopy edges of fruits containing larvae parasitized by any of the three braconids. Niche similarity in D. areolatus and D. bongicaudata may be due to the absence of a shared evolutionary history. Both are recent introductions to Florida, but while D. areolatus is a neotropical species, U. longicaudata is from the Indo-Philippine region. Thus, there has been little opportunity for divergence. Knowledge of the distributions within tree canopies of the pest-fly, and of its natural enemies, may lead to improvements in its biological control. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Caribbean Fruit Fly Stn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.2307/3495837 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325NF UT WOS:000087681900007 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC AF Robacker, DC TI Attraction of wild and laboratory-strain Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) to two synthetic lures in a wind tunnel SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; attractants; ammonia; ammonium acetate; putrescine; methylamine ID ANASTREPHA LUDENS; AMMONIA; METHYLAMINE; PUTRESCINE; MIXTURE; FLY AB Attraction of laboratory-strain Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and wild-type flies to two synthetic lures was evaluated in a wind-tunnel. The lures were BioLure(R) (ammonium acetate and putrescine) and AMPu (ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine). In one experiment, wild-type flies from the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, were evaluated against laboratory-strain flies that originated in Nuevo Leon. Yellow panels containing AMPu attracted >2.5 times more females and >3.5 times more males of both fly strains than panels containing BioLure(R). In another experiment. wild-type Hies from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, were evaluated against the Nuevo Leon laboratory strain. Results of this experiment were similar to the first except the differences in attractiveness between AMPu and BioLure(R) to flies of both strains were less pronounced The difference in relative attractiveness of AMPu and BioLure(R) in the two experiments was related to the time of year when the experiments were conducted rather than to inherent differences between the fly strains. In both experiments, BioLure(R) was about two times more attractive to females than to males whereas AMPu was only slightly more attractive to females. Both lures rvere more attractive to laboratory-strain flies than to wild-type flies from either region of Mexico. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.2307/3495839 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325NF UT WOS:000087681900009 ER PT J AU LeDoux, CB AF LeDoux, CB TI An integrated approach for determining the size of hardwood group-selection openings SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of group-selection methods is becoming more widespread as landowners and forest managers attempt to respond to public pressure to reduce the size of clearcut blocks. Several studies have shown that harvesting timber in smaller groups or clumps increases the cost of operations for both cable and ground-based logging systems. Recent regeneration studies have shown that the number of stems, numbers of shade-tolerant and intolerant species, basal area, and volume are affected by the size of the opening created. The size of the opening and resulting vegetation also affects the wildlife species that use these small openings. We integrated the results from several cable and ground-based logging studies with those from several regeneration studies to determine the most effective size of group-selection openings. Managers can maximize financial yields by using group-selection units of 1.25 acres or larger. These results should be valuable to managers, loggers, and planners considering group-selection methods. C1 US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 49 IS 3 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 177RT UT WOS:000079225400009 ER PT J AU Lorenz, LF Conner, AH Christiansen, AW AF Lorenz, LF Conner, AH Christiansen, AW TI The effect of soy protein additions on the reactivity and formaldehyde emissions of urea-formaldehyde adhesive resins SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIBERATION AB Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins were modified with soy protein, hydrolyzed soy protein, soy flour, or casein, at 1.5 to 50 percent of UF solids, to determine if modifying the resins would reduce formaldehyde emissions. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the reactivity of the modified UF resins compared with unmodified UF resin. The reactivity was reduced as the added protein modifier increased, but up to 30 percent protein modifier could be added to the UF resin before the reactivity was reduced significantly. Formaldehyde emissions from cured UF resins were not decreased as the amount of protein modifier added to the resin was increased. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lorenz, LF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 49 IS 3 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 177RT UT WOS:000079225400017 ER PT J AU Sheppard, WS Rinderer, TE Garnery, L Shimanuki, H AF Sheppard, WS Rinderer, TE Garnery, L Shimanuki, H TI Analysis of Africanized honey bee mitochondrial DNA reveals further diversity of origin SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; RACIAL ADMIXTURE; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; SCUTELLATA; AMERICA; BRAZIL AB Within the past 40 years, Africanized honey bees spread from Brazil and now occupy most areas habitable by the species Apis mellifera, from Argentina to the southwestern United States. The primary genetic source for Africanized honey bees is believed to be the sub-Saharan honey bee subspecies A. m. scutellata. Mitochondrial markers common in A. m. scutellata have been used to classify Africanized honey bees in population genetic and physiological studies. Assessment of composite mitochondrial haplotypes from Africanized honey bees, using 4 base recognizing restriction enzymes and COI-COII intergenic spacer length polymorphism, provided evidence for a more diverse mitochondrial heritage. Over 25% of the "African" mtDNA found in Africanized populations in Argentina are derived from non-A. m. scutellata sources. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sheppard, WS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC BRASIL GENETICA PI RIBEIRAO PRET PA RUA CAP ADELMIO NORBET DA SILVA, 736, ALTO DA BOA VISTA, 14025-670 RIBEIRAO PRET, BRAZIL SN 1415-4757 J9 GENET MOL BIOL JI Genet. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1590/S1415-47571999000100015 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 192KZ UT WOS:000080079000015 ER PT J AU Gimenez, D Rawls, WJ Lauren, JG AF Gimenez, D Rawls, WJ Lauren, JG TI Scaling properties of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE multiscaling; fractal; macroporosity ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MACROPORES; PERMEABILITIES; INFILTRATION; SUBSURFACE; RAINFALL; FLOW AB Variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity, k(sat), increases when sample size decreases implying that saturated water flow might be a scaling process. The moments of scaling distributions observed at different resolutions can lie related by a power-law function, with the exponent being a single value (simple scaling) or a function (mutiscaling). Our objective was to investigate scaling characteristics of k(sat) using the method of the moments applied to measurements obtained with different sample sizes. We analyzed three data sets of k(sat) measured in: (I) cores with small diameter and increasing length spanning a single soil horizon, (2) columns with increasing cross sectional area and constant length, and (3) columns with increasing cross sectional area and length, the longest column spanning three soil horizons. Visible porosity (macroporosity) was traced on acetate transparency sheets prior to measurement of k(sat) in situation (2). Six moments were calculated assuming that observations followed normal (k(sat), macroporosity) and/or log-normal (k(sat)) distributions. Scaling of k(sat) was observed in all three data sets. Simple scaling was only found when flux occurred in small cross sectional areas of a simple soil horizon (data set (1)). Multiscaling of k(sat) distributions was found when larger soil volumes were involved in the flux process (data sets (2) and (3)). Moments of macroporosity distributions showed multiscaling characteristics, with exponents similar to those from Ink(sat) distributions. The scaling characteristics of k(sat) reported in this paper agree with similar results found at larger scales using semivariograms. Scaling exponents from the semivariogram and the moment techniques could be complemented, as demonstrated by the agreement between macroporosity scaling exponents found with both techniques. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. Ail rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gimenez, D (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. EM dgimenez@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Gimenez, Daniel/A-6193-2013 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR PY 1999 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00105-0 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 175RB UT WOS:000079107800007 ER PT J AU Kroeze, C Mosier, A Bouwman, L AF Kroeze, C Mosier, A Bouwman, L TI Closing the global N2O budget: A retrospective analysis 1500-1994 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; EMISSIONS; CYCLE; O3 AB We present new estimates of global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for the period 1500 - 1994 based on revised Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 1997; Mosier et al., 1998]. Use of these estimates as input to a simple atmospheric box model resulted in a closed N2O budget over time, showing that increases in atmospheric N2O can be primarily attributed to changes in food production systems. We hypothesize that before the ninetheenth century conversion of natural land to agriculture had no net effect on N2O. During the twentieth century a fast expansion of agricultural land coupled with intensification of land use may have caused a net increase in N2O. In our base scenario the total N2O emissions increased from 11 Tg N yr(-1) in 1850 to 15 Tg N yr(-1) in 1970 and to 18 Tg N yr(-1) in 1994. C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Wageningen Inst Environm & Change Res, NL-6700 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kroeze, C (reprint author), Agr Univ Wageningen, Wageningen Inst Environm & Change Res, POB 9101, NL-6700 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM carolien.kroeze@wimek.cmkw.wau.nl; amosier@lamar.colostate.edu; lex.bouwman@rivm.nl OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 41 TC 288 Z9 323 U1 4 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1029/1998GB900020 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WP UT WOS:000079003000001 ER PT J AU Keller, M Lerdau, M AF Keller, M Lerdau, M TI Isoprene emission from tropical forest canopy leaves SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DRY FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; TREES AB We screened 51 species of trees and vines for isoprene emission by using a tower crane to gain access to the top of the canopy in a semideciduous forest in the Republic of Panama. Of the species screened, 15 emitted isoprene at rates greater than 0.8 nmol m(-2) s(-1). We measured the influence of light and temperature on emissions. The species-dependent emission rates at 303 K and 1000 mu mol m(-2) s(-1 o)f incident photosynthetically active radiation ranged from 9 to 43 nmol m(-2) s(-1) with coefficients of variation of about 20%. Isoprene emission showed a hyperbolic response to light intensity and an exponential response to temperature. We modified an existing algorithm developed for temperate plants to fit the temperature response of these tropical species. We suggest a new algorithm to fit the light response of isoprene emission. The new and modified algorithms are compared to the algorithms developed for temperate plants that are used in global models of isoprene emission. Both sets of algorithms also are compared to additional validation data collected in Panama and to published data on isoprene emission from a tropical dry forest in Puerto Rico. Our comparisons suggest that algorithms developed for temperate plants can significantly underestimate isoprene emissions from tropical forests at high-light and high-temperature levels. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Int Inst Trop Forestry, Forest Serv, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Lerdau, Manuel/E-7320-2011 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Lerdau, Manuel/0000-0003-1864-0834 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1029/1998GB900007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WP UT WOS:000079003000003 ER PT J AU Verchot, LV Davidson, EA Cattanio, JH Ackerman, IL Erickson, HE Keller, M AF Verchot, LV Davidson, EA Cattanio, JH Ackerman, IL Erickson, HE Keller, M TI Land use change and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen oxide emissions from soils in eastern Amazonia SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; NITRIC-OXIDE; NET NITRIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; COSTA-RICA; PASTURE; MODEL; BASIN; N2O; NO AB The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effects of land use change on N oxide fluxes from soil in seasonally dry, eastern Amazonia and (2) evaluate the "hole-in-the-pipe" model in a field setting where N availability varies among land uses and soil moisture varies among seasons. We measured N oxide flux from an old-growth forest, a 20-year-old secondary forest, an active pasture, and a degraded pasture. We also measured soil water content, soil inorganic N stocks, net N mineralization and nitrification potential. To determine the effects of pasture age on N oxide flux, we measured gas fluxes at a chronosequence of pastures (0-13 years). In the land use study, N(2)O fluxes followed the order: primary forest (2.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) > secondary forest (0.9 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) > active pasture (0.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) > degraded pasture (0.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), and NO fluxes followed the order: primary forest (1.5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) > degraded pasture (0.7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) 2 active pasture (0.5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) 2 secondary forest (0.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). In the chronosequence study, no trend in N oxide emissions with pasture age was apparent, but emissions from pastures were lower than from the forest. Total N oxide flux correlated with a laboratory measure of nitrification potential (r(2) = 0.85). The ratio N(2)O:NO correlated with soil water content (r(2) = 0.56). Parameterization of the model accounted for variability in N oxide emissions across land uses and seasons and the model application revealed the importance of studying both N oxide gases simultaneously. Model predictions for six independent sites agreed well with observed fluxes, suggesting that the model may be applicable at a broader scale. The consistently low annual emissions of N(2)O estimated for all of the Amazonian pastures that we studied suggest that conversions of tropical forests to cattle pastures may not in the long term cause a significant increase in the contribution of soil emissions to atmospheric N(2)O or NO. C1 Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Pesquisa Ambiental Amazonia, Belem, Para, Brazil. Int Inst Trop Forestry, Forest Serv, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Verchot, LV (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, POB AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM verchotL@ecostudies.org; edavidsom@whrc.org; cattanio@marajo.br; ila1@cornell.edu; um_erickson@suagm4.suagm.edu; michael@kaos.se.unh.edu RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013; Cattanio, Jose Henrique /B-6176-2015 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697; Cattanio, Jose Henrique /0000-0001-8335-9593 NR 67 TC 191 Z9 196 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1029/1998GB900019 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WP UT WOS:000079003000004 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Allen, LH Sinclair, TR AF Serraj, R Allen, LH Sinclair, TR TI Soybean leaf growth and gas exchange response to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FTSW, fraction transpiration soil water; NLA, normalized leaf area; NPn, normalized photosynthesis; NTR, normalized transpiration rate ID WATER-STRESS; CO2 EXPOSURE; SOIL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; PHYSIOLOGY; STAGE; WHEAT; RICE AB This study was conducted to determine the response in leaf growth and gas exchange of soybean (Glycine man: Merr.) to the combined effects of water deficits and carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment. Plants grown in pots were allowed to develop initially in a glasshouse under ambient CO2 and well-watered conditions. Four-week old plants were transferred into two different glasshouses with either ambient (360 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated (700 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2. Following a 2-day acclimation period, the soil of the drought-stressed pots was allowed to dry slowly over a 2-week period. The stressed pots were watered daily so that the soil dried at an equivalent rate under the two CO2 levels. Elevated [CO2] decreased water loss rate and increased leaf area development and photosynthetic rate under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. There was, however, no significant effect of [CO2] in the response relative to soil water content of normalized leaf gas exchange and leaf area. The drought response based on soil water content for transpiration, leaf area, and photosynthesis provide an effective method for describing the responses of soybean physiological processes to the available soil water, independent of [CO2]. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,SW 23rd St,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM trsincl@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00222.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177VD UT WOS:000079231000004 ER PT J AU Byers, RA Bahler, CC Stout, WL Leath, KT Hoffman, LD AF Byers, RA Bahler, CC Stout, WL Leath, KT Hoffman, LD TI The establishment of alfalfa into different maize residues by conservation-tillage and its effect on insect infestation SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUCERNE AB The effect of management of maize residues on the population of insects inimical to the establishment of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., was examined 1 month after sowing. Alfalfa was sown in early and late April, and late May for 3 consecutive years in Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA. The sowings were made by conservation tillage (direct drilled into maize residue with minimal disturbance of soil) into three different maize residues after (1) silage, (2) silage-plus-winter rye cover and (3) grain. A fourth sowing was by conventional tillage (spring ploughing and harrowing maize residue) after grain. A pesticide, carbofuran (granular formulation) was applied at sowing to half of the plots, Methiocarb bait, a molluscicide, was applied as a split application to the same plots, one-half at sowing and the remainder 2 weeks later. Alfalfa plots in the silage-plus-rye maize residues were colonized with fewer insects than the other residue treatments. Excessive growth of rye in early spring that was not successfully suppressed by herbicide treatment produced vigorous rye plants and fewer alfalfa seedlings. Consequently, silage plus rye had the lowest yield of alfalfa in early April sowings in 2 out of 3 years. Insects known to feed on alfalfa, such as tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palsot de Beauvois), the plant bug, Plagiognathus politus Uhler, pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and meadow spittlebugs, Philaenus leucophthalmus spumarius (L.), were collected by sweep net 1 month after sowing and less often in the silage-plus-rye treatment. These species were present in greater numbers in the other maize residues that had significantly more alfalfa forage. The insidious newer bug, Orius insidious (Say), and a damsel bug, Nabis americoferus Carayon, were collected in significantly greater numbers in the early April sowings, which corresponded with the peak populations of pea aphid. The potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was most abundant in plots sowed in late April or late May. Pesticide treatment applied at the time of sowing had very little effect on numbers of insects collected by sweep net 1 month later in 1986 and 1988. However, pesticide treatment significantly increased yield by 280 kg ha(-1) in 1987, even though sweep net collections of insects were not reduced by the pesticide treatment. Therefore, the beneficial effect of the pesticide could not be explained on the basis of the insects collected. The highest yields of alfalfa were obtained from the early April sowing into maize residues. This coincided with the time when the majority of alfalfa pests were less abundant than in later sowings; fewer pests were found on the sowings into silage-plus-rye residue. Also, when the rye forage yield was combined with the alfalfa yield, this became the most productive system. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Byers, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 197CU UT WOS:000080347700008 ER PT J AU Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ Urban, JB AF Gburek, WJ Folmar, GJ Urban, JB TI Field data and ground water modeling in a layered fractured aquifer SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Surface refraction seismic surveys were conducted within a 7.3 km(2) east-central Pennsylvania watershed to characterize the geometry of its shallow layered and fractured bedrock, These data were augmented with observations from 29 rock cores, Hydraulic conductivity (K) of the bedrock was determined by interval packer testing within the boreholes. Finally, the MODFLOW ground water model was applied to the layered aquifer geometry in a three-dimensional format to determine watershed-scale aquifer parameters by model calibration to observed watershed data. Seismic testing showed that the aquifer could be characterized by four distinct layers, each with its own characteristic seismic velocity Hydraulic conductivity determined by field testing decreased with depth, ranging from greater than 1.0 m day(-1) in the shallow, highly fractured layer to approximately 0.01 m day(-1) in the regional aquifer, Its distribution with depth reflected the increase in seismic velocities and decrease in extent of fracturing observed in the cores. Aquifer geometry determined from seismic testing and rock cores was used to define model layer geometry, and K values from model calibration compared favorably to those determined by field testing. The ground water model was also used in calibration mode to determine specific yields (S-y) of the characteristic fracture layers, These were all low, ranging from 0.005 in the highly fractured layer to 0.0001 in the regional aquifer. When aquifer geometry determined from detailed seismic surveys is used as the basis for watershed-scale ground water modeling in these shallow layered and fractured systems, hydraulic parameters derived by field testing compare well to those determined by model calibration. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gburek, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Pasture Lab Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM wjg1@psu.edu; gjf103@psu.edu NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00972.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 175FV UT WOS:000079083500012 ER PT J AU Waycott, W Fort, SB Ryder, EJ Michelmore, RW AF Waycott, W Fort, SB Ryder, EJ Michelmore, RW TI Mapping morphological genes relative to molecular markers in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE bulked segregant analysis; gene mapping; lettuce; morphological traits; RAPD ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENES; INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; EPISTASIS; MAP AB Two F-2 populations were generated by crossing morphologically diverse genetic stocks in order to map 10 morphological traits relative to polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers (RAPDs). Using one segregating population generated from crossing the experimental line, 'dwarf-2', with the butterhead cultivar, 'Saffier', the dwarf phenotype conditioned by the dwf2 locus was mapped using bulked segregation analysis to within 38 cM of the Adh3 locus. Using the second segregating population generated by crossing two experimental lines, 87-25-1M x 87-109M, nine traits [white seed (w), brown seed (br), salmon flower colour (sa), pale yellow flower colour (pa), virescent juvenile leaf colour (vi), plump involucre (pl), yellow seed (y), one of two complementary genes for anthocyanin expression (C or G) and anthocyanin spotting (Rs)] were linked to RAPD loci, but only six of them could be placed on an existing genetic map of lettuce generated by analysis of cv. 'Calmar' x cv. 'Kordaat'. A tenth trait, golden yellow (gy), remained unlinked. Approximately a third of the RAPD markers analysed segregated in both the 87-25-1M x 87-1090M and 'Calmar' x 'Kordaat' populations. In the genomic regions with multiple segregating loci in common, their relative orders and distances were mostly conserved. In one instance, linkage detected in the present study consolidated two separate groups on the earlier genetic map. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93915 USA. RP Waycott, W (reprint author), Seminis Vegetable Seeds, 650 Leanna Dr, Arroyo Grande, CA 94320 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6884730 PN 3 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 192KR UT WOS:000080078300003 ER PT J AU Foster, JL Hall, DK Chang, ATC Rango, A Wergin, W Erbe, E AF Foster, JL Hall, DK Chang, ATC Rango, A Wergin, W Erbe, E TI Effects of snow crystal shape on the scattering of passive microwave radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE crystals; electron microscope; modeling; scattering; shape; snow ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION AB In this study, a discrete dipole scattering model is used to measure the passive microwave radiation scattered by snow particles having different shapes and sizes. The model results demonstrate that the shape of the snow crystal is Insignificant in scattering microwave energy in the 37-GHz region of the spectrum. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA, Hydrol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Foster, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1109/36.752235 PN 2 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 177VL UT WOS:000079231700029 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Watson, JE Dierig, DA AF Nelson, JM Watson, JE Dierig, DA TI Nitrogen fertilization effects on lesquerella production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE lesquerella; Lesquerella fendleri; seed yield; seed oil; nitrogen fertilization ID FENDLERI SEED; DATE; OIL; YIELD AB Progress has been made towards the commercialization of Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. as a fall-planted oilseed crop for the southwestern United States. Research to develop suitable cultural practices for commercial production of lesquerella has been underway since the late 1980s; however, information is limited on the plant's nitrogen (N) requirement. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to determine the optimum amount and timing of N applications for lesquerella production. Yield results indicate that lesquerella grown on desert soils is strongly influenced by N fertilization. Nitrogen rates as high as 180 kg N ha(-1) increased seed yield. Seed oil content decreased as the N rate was increased. The increase in seed yield at the higher N rates generally offsets the decrease in oil content, but oil yields appeared to be near maximum at 180 kg N ha(-1). Split-applications of N in the Spring increased seed and oil yields in one of two seasons. Nitrogen had no influence on 1000-seed weight or lesquerolic acid content of the oil. No Spring leaf blade total N level was identified as being related to maximum seed yield. A suggested N management program for lesquerella production is to apply a small portion of N at planting time and the major portion of N in several applications during the period from onset of bloom through full bloom (February-April). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Water Conservat Lab, USDA ARS, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(98)00026-0 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 188MH UT WOS:000079850500001 ER PT J AU Cook, CG Escobar, DE Everitt, JH Cavazos, I Robinson, AF Davis, MR AF Cook, CG Escobar, DE Everitt, JH Cavazos, I Robinson, AF Davis, MR TI Utilizing airborne video imagery in kenaf management and production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Hibiscus cannabinus L.; kenaf; remote sensing; video imagery ID PHYMATOTRICHUM-OMNIVORUM; CULTIVARS; VALLEY; TEXAS AB Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a rapid-growing nonwood fiber crop that can attain heights in excess of 5 m during a 150-200 day season. The tall kenaf coupled with the high plant densities used in commercial production can make visual detection of crop stress difficult. Airborne video imagery was evaluated for assessing kenaf production at three different locations. Results indicated that airborne video imagery had good potential for detecting crop stress resulting from Phymatotrichum root rot and the root-knot nematode/soil-borne fungi complex. Video imagery from all three locations indicated that remote sensing technology can provide an effective means for detecting and monitoring crop injury and disease movement in kenaf production. Airborne video imagery should be useful for detecting problem areas in large-scale plantings of kenaf. Identification of these potential problem areas should be beneficial to producers in regards to crop management. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. United Agr Prod, Santa Rosa, TX 78593 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Escobar, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(98)00033-8 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 188MH UT WOS:000079850500006 ER PT J AU Pruimboom, IM Rimler, RB Ackermann, MR AF Pruimboom, IM Rimler, RB Ackermann, MR TI Enhanced adhesion of Pasteurella multocida to cultured turkey peripheral blood monocytes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PHORBOL-MYRISTATE ACETATE; HYALURONAN-BINDING; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR AB Capsular hyaluronic acid (HA) mediates adhesion of serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida to elicited turkey air sac macrophages (TASM), In contrast, freshly isolated turkey peripheral blood monocytes (TPBM) do not bind serogroup A strains. Following culture of TPBM for 6 days in chamber slides, adhesion of the bacteria to TPBM increased gradually. Incubation in chamber slides coated with entactin-collagen IV-laminin (ECL) attachment matrix or exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) further enhanced the adhesion of P. multocida to TPBM, Addition of IIA, but not Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, to TPBM culture inhibited bacterial adherence similarly to the inhibition previously reported for TASM, Exposure of TPBM to monoclonal antibody directed against IIA-bindinng cell surface proteoglycan (CD44) decreased binding of P. multocida. Collectively, these findings indicate that P. multocida adhesion to TPBM is mediated by capsular RA and can be increased by culture on ECL attachment matrix Or PMA exposure, Additionally, the findings suggest that the capsular mucopolysaccharide of serogroup A strains of P multocida recognizes an isoform of CD44 expressed on cultured TPBM. C1 ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1292 EP 1296 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 169FF UT WOS:000078736300037 PM 10024573 ER PT J AU Farrell, HM Kumosinski, TF Cooke, PH Hoagland, PD Wickham, ED Unruh, JJ Groves, ML AF Farrell, HM Kumosinski, TF Cooke, PH Hoagland, PD Wickham, ED Unruh, JJ Groves, ML TI Environmental influences on the particle sizes of purified kappa-casein: metal effect SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Hannah Symposium on Caseins and Caseinates - Structures, Interactions, Networks CY MAY 21-23, 1997 CL HANNAH RES INST, AYR, SCOTLAND HO HANNAH RES INST DE casein interactions; protein structure ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLES; MODEL AB Kappa-casein as purified from bovine milk exhibits a rather unique disulfide bonding pattern as revealed by SDS-PAGE. The disulfide bonded caseins present, range from dimer to octamer and above and preparations contain about 10% monomer. All of these heterogeneous polymers, however, self-associate into nearly spherical uniform particles with an average radius of 8.9 nm as revealed by negatively stained transmission electron micrographs. Evidence is presented that multivalent cations play a role in the stabilization of these spherical particles. Treatment with EDTA causes disruption of the kappa-casein particles and leads to a broader size distribution as judged by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. The size and shape of the particles are in accord with earlier proposed 3D models for kappa-casein, that actually predicted participation of divalent cations in the structure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Farrell, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM hfarrell@arserrc.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PD MAR-JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3-6 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00060-6 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 226GT UT WOS:000082012600007 ER PT J AU Malin, EL Brown, EM AF Malin, EL Brown, EM TI Molecular modelling of conformational changes in solvated alpha(s1)-casein peptides SO INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Hannah Symposium on Caseins and Caseinates - Structures, Interactions, Networks CY MAY 21-23, 1997 CL HANNAH RES INST, AYR, SCOTLAND HO HANNAH RES INST DE alpha(s1)-casein; peptides; molecular modelling ID PROTEOLYTIC SPECIFICITY; BOVINE ALPHA-S1-CASEIN; SECONDARY STRUCTURES; CASEIN STRUCTURE; FORCE-FIELD; PROTEINS; MILK AB Computer models of alpha(s1)-casein peptides were simulated in an aqueous environment to compare their conformations as separate peptides with structural features of corresponding regions in the intact alpha(s1)-casein molecular model. Peptide sequences selected for investigation were based on sites of potential cleavage by chymosin and/or plasmin. Four large peptides and several smaller peptide fragments were refined by applying a series of molecular dynamics simulations and energy minimizations. Most peptides adopted conformations that were more compact than the conformations of the corresponding sequences in the intact alpha(s1)-casein model. The results indicated that sequences in the peptides that promote the open, flexible structure of the parent protein are likely to resist formation of new secondary structure during refinement. However, these regions can develop more local flexibility and additional turns because of the high proline content of alpha(s1)-casein. The region in which seven of the eight phosphoserine residues are located maintained its conformation throughout the refinement, but this region adopted a new conformation when phosphoserines were replaced with serines. The results demonstrate the potential for folding in casein peptides and highlight the features that promote the open, extended structures of the caseins. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Malin, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM emalin@arserrc.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-6946 J9 INT DAIRY J JI Int. Dairy J. PD MAR-JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3-6 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00062-X PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 226GT UT WOS:000082012600009 ER PT J AU Trout, D Behall, KM AF Trout, D Behall, KM TI Prediction of glycemic index among high-sugar, low-starch foods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; PRODUCTS; INSULIN; BREAD; RESPONSES; GLUCOSE; SATIETY; HUMANS; DIET AB A weighted mean of the glycemic index (GI) values of the constituent sugars of a non-starchy fruit is known to give a rough estimate of the GI of that fruit. Previously observed GI values (GI(ob)) were, on average, lower than the calculated GI of the sugar mixture (GI(sm)) for nine acidic fruits (pH of 3.24-4.17) and tended to exceed the GI(sm) for six near-neutral non-starchy foods (pH < 5.33). A formula for predicting GI fr om GI(sm) and food pH was developed, and it accounted for 69% of the sum of squares for the 15 GI(ob) values. A model that proposed that organic acids and their acidic anions slow gastric emptying and thereby lower GI was developed, and it was found to account for 57% of the GI(ob) sum of squares. The substances responsible for lowering GI in acid fruits and the mechanisms of their action remain to be identified. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0963-7486 J9 INT J FOOD SCI NUTR JI Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 50 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1080/096374899101337 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 182KM UT WOS:000079498200008 PM 10616654 ER PT J AU Sabba, RP Durso, NA Vaughn, KC AF Sabba, RP Durso, NA Vaughn, KC TI Structural and immunocytochemical characterization of the walls of dichlobenil-habituated BY-2 tobacco cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dichlobenil; cellulose; pectin; extensin; cell wall; development ID CELLULOSE-SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR; PLANT-CELL; HERBICIDE 2,6-DICHLOROBENZONITRILE; IMMUNOGOLD LOCALIZATION; MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-I; PLATE FORMATION; TOMATO CELLS; ROOT-TIP; PROTEINS AB BY-2 tobacco cells, grown in the presence of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor herbicide dichlobenil (DCB), change in morphology from finely dispersed clumps and filaments to large aggregates after 6 mo. In this article, we utilize structural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques to characterize the cell wall changes that accompany the habituation of the cells to DCB. Wall structure is altered radically in the habituated cells, revealing a lamellate structure with no distinct middle lamella, even at cell junctions. Plasmodesmata traverse the cell wall by more circuitous routes than in the control cells. Habituated cells also produce unusual appositions of the wall that extend into the cytoplasm. Immunogold localization of various pectin epitopes reveals a 30-fold-greater density of gold particles detected in the walls of habituated cells compared to the controls and less density when the labeling of the middle lamellae is included. Antiextensin labeling was also found along the strands of pectic-reactive material, and the density of immunogold labeling exhibits a similar increase to that for pectin. Cellulose, detected by cellulase-gold, revealed only 2% of the reactivity of the controls, while callose detection was slightly greater compared to controls. Despite the loss of cellulose, xyloglucan is still detected, loosely associated with the strands of pectin or trapped between the pectin lamellae. Cortical microtubule arrays in habituated cells were apparently normal, despite a virtual absence of cellulose, although callose fibrils did parallel this array. These data indicate that long-term habituation to DCB results in the production of cell walls in which a pectin-extensin network has replaced cellulose as the major component of the cell wall. These changes have profound effects on wall ultrastructure and the gross morphology of the cultures. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 44 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 160 IS 2 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1086/314135 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 188WR UT WOS:000079872700006 ER PT J AU Hole, DJ Jensen, KB Wang, RRC Clawson, SM AF Hole, DJ Jensen, KB Wang, RRC Clawson, SM TI Molecular marker analysis of Leymus flavescens and chromosome pairing in Leymus flavescens hybrids (Poaceae : Triticeae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Leymus; genome; meiosis; chromosome pairing; interspecific hybrids; taxonomy; systematics ID REPEATED NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DIPLOID ELYMUS-JUNCEUS; GENOME ANALYSIS; DNA AB Leymus flavescens (Scribner & Smith) Pilger, yellow wild rye, is a long-lived, strongly rhizomatous, tetraploid (2n=4x=28) perennial grass of the tribe Triticeae distributed throughout central Washington, eastern Oregon, and the Snake River plains of Idaho. Our objectives were (1) to describe chromosome pairing and fertility in F-1 hybrids between L. flavescens and North American tetraploids (2n=4x=28) L. triticoides and L. cinereus and Eurasian tetraploids L. secalinus, L, racemosus, and L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis and (2) to utilize genome-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to verify the genomic composition of L. flavescens. The hybrids L. flavescens x L, triticoides (NsNsXmXm), L. flavescens x L. secalinus (Ns NsXmXm), L. flavescens x L. racemosus (NsNsXmXm), L. flavescens x L. cinereus (NsNsXmXm), and L. flavescens x L, alaicus subsp. karataviensis (NsNsXmXm) averaged 13.9, 13.8, 13.6, 13.1, and 11.9 bivalents per cell, respectively. Genome-specific RAPD assay indicates that L. flavescens has the Ns genome but lacks the St genome from the genus Pseudoroegneria and the H genome from the genus Hordeum. On the basis of the bivalent chromosome pairing frequency in the F-1 hybrids of L. flavescens, the genomic formula of L. flavescens is NsNsXmXm. The presence of the Ns genome was verified by molecular characterization. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hole, DJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 160 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1086/314124 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 188WR UT WOS:000079872700015 ER PT J AU Fried, JS Winter, GJ Gilless, JK AF Fried, JS Winter, GJ Gilless, JK TI Assessing the benefits of reducing fire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A contingent valuation approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE CVM; non-market values; willingness-to-pay AB Wildland-urban interface (WUI) residents in Michigan were interviewed using a contingent valuation protocol to assess their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for incremental reductions in the risk of losing their homes to wildfire. WTP was elicited using a probability model which segments the risk of structure loss into "public" and "private" components. Most respondents expressed positive WTP for publicly funded risk reduction activities. These respondents were characterized by tolerance for property taxes, perception of significant risk, high ranking of fire risk relative to other hazards, and high objective estimates of existing risk, and their WTP amounts were positively correlated with income and property value. Given that 97% of the respondents were insured against property loss, the large number of positive WTP responses suggests that substantial non-market and unreimbursed losses are experienced when structures are destroyed by wildfires. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Fried, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA 8109 E BRATT RD, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012 USA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1071/WF99002 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 323DG UT WOS:000087549100002 ER PT J AU Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Wong, WW Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Taylor, W AF Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Wong, WW Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Taylor, W TI Validity of self-assessment of pubertal maturation in African American and European American adolescents SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexual maturity rating; tanner stage; validity; self-assessment; physician assessment ID SEXUAL-MATURATION AB Purpose: To evaluate interobserver reliability of physician assessments of pubertal maturation and to evaluate the validity of self-assessment compared to physician assessments of pubertal maturation by girls in a multiethnic sample. Methods: The study design is descriptive. A total of 107 8-17-year-old healthy volunteers from settings with large minority populations in the Houston metropolitan area were recruited for a study on adolescents' energy needs. The two outcome measures were interobserver reliability between two physicians' assessments of breast and pubic hair, and the self-assessment of breast and pubic hair maturation compared to physicians' assessments. Results: The kappa coefficient for physician interobserver agreement for breast maturation was 0.5. The kappa coefficient for physician interobserver agreement for assessment of pubic hair was 0.79. The kappa coefficient for the validity of self-assessment of breast development was 0.34, and that for self-assessment of pubic hair was 0.37. Conclusion: Interobserver agreement for physician assessment of breast maturation was low and self-assessment of breast maturation was not reliable in this group of adolescent girls. However, whereas physician interobserver agreement for pubic hair was good, self-assessment of pubic hair maturation was not reliable in this group of adolescent girls. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1999. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. RP Hergenroeder, AC (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Clin Care Ctr, 6621 Fannin St,3-3340, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ-489501-01-0] NR 15 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00110-4 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 178AE UT WOS:000079242600008 PM 10195803 ER PT J AU Seitz, LM Ram, MS Rengarajan, R AF Seitz, LM Ram, MS Rengarajan, R TI Volatiles obtained from whole and ground grain samples by supercritical carbon dioxide and direct helium purge methods: Observations on 2,3-butanediols and halogenated anisoles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grains; volatiles; odors; supercritical fluid extraction; helium purge; 2,3-butanediol; halogenated anisoles; methoxybenzenes ID FLUID EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PACKAGING MATERIALS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ROASTED PEANUTS; DRIED FRUIT; OIL CONTENT; 2,4,6-TRICHLOROANISOLE; FLAVOR AB Volatile compounds were obtained from whole and ground grain samples by two methods. In the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method, volatiles were extracted from the grain with supercritical carbon dioxide, trapped at -78 degrees C, and then transferred via a purge-and-trap instrument to a gas chromatograph with mass and infrared detectors (GC-MS/IR) for separation and identification. In the direct-helium-purge method (DHP), volatiles were purged directly from the grain into the purge-and-trap instrument for subsequent transfer to the GC-MS/IR system. With SFE, extraction of volatiles was favored by ground grain, low pressures (less than or equal to 13.8 MPa), and high temperatures (50-90 degrees C). DHP gave more low molecular weight compounds, while SFE was better for aldehydes, enals, 2,3-butanediols (dl and meso forms), acetic acid, and chloro- and bromomethoxybenzenes apparently associated with musty odors in sorghums. The diols were present in both musty and normal-odor sorghums. C1 USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Seitz, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM larry@usgmrl.ksu.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1061 DI 10.1021/jf980795h PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 177TN UT WOS:000079227300046 PM 10552415 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D AF Petroski, RJ Weisleder, D TI Reduction of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) aggregation pheromone response by synthetic analogues SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE triene; hydrocarbon; Freeman sap beetle; pheromone analogues; structure-activity relationships ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; HEMIPTERUS AB Analogues of (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene the major component of the aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were synthesized and the potency of these compounds in suppressing the response of C. freemani to its pheromone in a wind tunnel bioassay was determined. The most potent compounds reduced behavioral response to pheromone 83-96% when the inhibitors were present in 10-fold excess. These compounds are (1Z,3E,5E)-1-methoxy-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, (1E,3E,5E)- 1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, and (1Z,3E,5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene. In the presence of fermenting bread dough (a pheromone synergist), the most potent inhibitory compound, (IZ,3E,5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, was less effective in reducing mean landings (69% vs 99%) than when dough was absent. This inhibitory compound causes a reduction of response to pheromone but does not cause a reduction of response to fermenting food-type volatiles such as fermenting bread dough. Analogues of pheromones that strongly reduce response to pheromones by insects might be useful as biochemical probes to study the pharmacophoric (three-dimensional structure) requirements for pheromone perception. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, Bioact Agents Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, Analyt Support Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, Bioact Agents Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1189 EP 1195 DI 10.1021/jf9809378 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 177TN UT WOS:000079227300067 PM 10552436 ER PT J AU Norton, RA AF Norton, RA TI Inhibition of aflatoxin B-1 biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by anthocyanidins and related flavonoids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; aflatoxin B1 inhibition; anthocyanins; anthocyanidins; flavonoids ID ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; COLOR; MAIZE; FUNGI; CORN; ROT AB Anthocyanidins and precursors or related flavonoids mere tested at concentrations from 0.3 to 9.7 mM (similar to 0.1-3.0 mg/mL) for activity against growth and aflatoxin B-1 biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. NRRL 3357. Aflatoxin B-1 production was inhibited by all anthocyanidins tested, and 3-hydroxy compounds were more active than 3-deoxy forms. Monoglycosides of cyanidin were 40% less inhibitory than the aglycon, whereas a monoglucoside and a diglucoside of pelargonidin were 80 and 5%, respectively, as active as the aglycon. Of eight flavonoids tested, only kaempferol was moderately active, whereas luteolin and catechin were weakly inhibitory. Binary combinations of delphinidin and three other aflatoxin inhibitors acted independently of each other. Results with an aflatoxin pathway mutant indicated that anthocyanidin inhibition occurred before norsolorinic acid synthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Norton, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.1021/jf980995t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 177TN UT WOS:000079227300073 PM 10552442 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Distribution and quantification of beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor subtype transcripts in porcine tissues SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 98 Meeting CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Exper Biol DE beta-adrenergic receptors; pigs; adipose tissue; messenger RNA; polymerase chain reaction ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; HUMAN BETA-3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BETA(1)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; BETA-1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; 3T3-F442A ADIPOCYTES; RAPID COMMUNICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Distribution and concentration of beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR) subtype transcripts (beta 1AR, beta 2AR, and beta 3AR) were investigated in porcine and rat tissues. Reverse transcription (RT) coupled with PCR indicated the presence of beta 1AR and beta 2AR transcripts in porcine left ventricle, lung, longissimus muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The RT-PCR indicated that beta 3AR transcripts were present in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue, and transcripts were suggested in left ventricle and lung, but they were not detected in longissimus muscle. Quantitative ribonuclease protection assays indicated that the porcine beta 1AR, beta 2AR, and beta 3AR transcript concentrations (amol/mu g of total RNA) were, respectively as follows: heart left ventricle = 6.1, 2.4, and .02; lung = 3.8, 1.9, and .01; liver = 1.7, 2.1, and undetectable; skeletal muscle = 1.7, 1.1, .02; subcutaneous adipose tissue = 1.3, .4, .14. The proportions of porcine beta AR subtypes (beta 1AR:beta 2AR:beta 3AR) were as follows: heart left ventricle = 72:28:.25; lung = 67:33:.2; liver = 45:55:0; skeletal muscle = 60:39:.7; and subcutaneous adipose = 73:20:7. Normalization of data to beta-actin transcript concentration did not change these relationships. Rat perigonadal adipose tissue beta 1AR and beta 3AR transcript concentrations were, respectively, .59 and 1.84 amol/mu g of total RNA. The rat perigonadal adipose tissue concentration of beta 3AR transcript was tenfold that of porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. The predominant beta AR transcript in rat adipose tissue was beta 3AR, and the predominant beta AR transcript in pig adipose tissue was beta 1AR. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McNeel, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 50 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 611 EP 621 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700012 PM 10229356 ER PT J AU Ricke, EA Smith, DJ Feil, VJ Larsen, GL Caton, JS AF Ricke, EA Smith, DJ Feil, VJ Larsen, GL Caton, JS TI Effects of ractopamine HCl stereoisomers on growth, nitrogen retention, and carcass composition in rats SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ractopamine; growth; beta-adrenergic agonists ID PIGS FED RACTOPAMINE; FINISHING PIGS; BETA-AGONIST; HYDROCHLORIDE; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN; DISPOSITION; SEPARATION; METABOLISM; TISSUE AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of ractopamine HCl (RAC) stereoisomers (RR, RS, SR, and SS) on performance, carcass composition, and nitrogen retention in growing female rats. Forty-eight rats (eight rats/treatment) were treated with 0 or 320 mu g/d of RAC or with 80 mu g/d of the RR, RS, SR, or SS stereoisomers of ractopamine. Rats had free access to feed and water before and during the experiment. Ractopamine and stereoisomers were delivered via i.p. implanted osmotic pumps for 14 d, and rats were then slaughtered. Control rats were fitted with osmotic pumps containing saline. Ractopamine increased (P < .05) feed intake (d 1 to 6); body weight; carcass CP; and intake, apparent absorption, retention, and retained:intake ratio of CP on d 1 to 6 of the study. Ractopamine decreased (P < .05) carcass lipid and visceral lipid. Rats dosed with the RR stereoisomer responded similarly to rats dosed with RAG, except for carcass lipid. Carcass lipid was decreased (P < .01) by RAC relative to controls, but it was not different from controls in rats treated with the RR isomer. Compared with controls, BW, carcass CP, and CP retention were increased by the RR stereoisomer, and visceral lipid was decreased. The RS isomer also decreased visceral lipid (P < .10), but variables measured in rats dosed with the RS, SR, and SS isomers generally did not differ from controls. Results of this study indicate that the RR isomer of RAC is responsible for a majority of the leanness-enhancing effects of RAC in rats. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 701 EP 707 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700023 PM 10229367 ER PT J AU Daniel, JA Keisler, DH Sterle, JA Matteri, RL Carroll, JA AF Daniel, JA Keisler, DH Sterle, JA Matteri, RL Carroll, JA TI Birth by caesarian section alters postnatal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in young pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; stress; birth; corticotropin ID ELECTIVE CESAREAN-SECTION; VAGINAL DELIVERY; PRENATAL STRESS; NEONATAL PIGS; ADULT-RATS; FETAL; ENDOCRINE; RECEPTORS; CORTISOL; HIPPOCAMPAL AB Eight crossbred sows were selected for the present study (n = 4 vaginal delivery and n = 4 Caesarian section [C-section]). Gestation length did not differ between vaginal delivery and C-section pigs (113.6 +/- .1 and 113.2 +/- .3 d, respectively; P > .16). Blood and tissue samples from 38 pigs were collected at birth. All remaining pigs were sustained with vaginal-delivery sows until 2 wk of age (n = 39). At 2 wk of age, remaining pigs were catheterized for blood sample collection to assess pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to an injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 10 mu g/kg). Blood samples were collected at -30, -15, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 90 min; pigs received CRH or saline at time 0. Pigs were killed and tissue samples were collected immediately following the last blood sample. Serum concentrations of ACTH and cortisol (CS) were measured. Total RNA was isolated from the pituitary and adrenal glands to evaluate gene expression for mRNA specific for proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and for the ACTH receptor. Centrifuged clot:blood ratio was reduced in the C-section pigs at birth (P < .001) and at 2 wk of age (P < .043), compared with the vaginally delivered pigs. Basal serum concentration of ACTH was greater in C-section than in vaginally delivered pigs at birth (P = .01) but did not differ at 2 wk of age (P = .42). Basal serum concentration of CS was not different at birth (P = .86) but was greater in C-section pigs than in vaginally delivered pigs at 2 wk of age (P < .04). Serum concentration of ACTH was not different (P > .99) between the two groups of pigs following the CRH: challenge. However, serum concentration of CS was; greater (P < .05) in C-section pigs following the CRH challenge. Expression of ACTH receptor mRNA tended to be greater in C-section pigs at birth (P < .063) and at 2 wk of age (P < .016). There was no difference in POMC mRNA between treatments (P > .73); however, there was a developmental increase (P < .001) from birth to 2 wk of age. These data indicate that the birth process plays an important role in postnatal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in young pigs. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci Reprod Physiol, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Room S-107, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 742 EP 749 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700028 PM 10229372 ER PT J AU Fisher, DS Mayland, HF Burns, JC AF Fisher, DS Mayland, HF Burns, JC TI Variation in ruminants' preference for tall fescue hays cut either at sundown or at sunup SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feeding preferences; voluntary intake; sheep; cattle; goats ID SHEEP AB Plants vary diurnally in concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates. If ruminants prefer forages with higher total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), then the preference for hays harvested within the same 24-h period may vary. An established field of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was harvested six times in the vegetative stage. Harvests were paired such that each: cutting at sundown (PM) was followed by a cutting the next morning at sunup (AM). We harvested in this manner three times, resulting in six hays. The hays were field-dried, baled, and passed through a hydraulic bale processor prior to feeding. Experiments were conducted with sheep, goats, and cattle, using six animals in each case. During an adaptation phase, hays were offered alone as meals. In the experimental phase, every possible pair of hays (15 pairs) was presented for a meal. Data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling and by traditional analyses. Multidimensional scaling indicated that selection was based on a single criterion. Preference for PM hays was greater than for AM hays (P < .01) in all experiments. Increased preference was associated with increased TNC (P < .01)and in vitro true DM disappearance (P < .01) and decreased fiber concentration (P < .01; NDF, ADF, cellulose, and ADL). Mowing hay late in the day was effective in increasing forage preference. C1 USDA ARS, JPCS Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. USDA ARS, N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, JPCS Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 18 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 762 EP 768 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700031 PM 10229375 ER PT J AU Seifert, JN Larsen, NJ Marklund, S Hu, ZL Rohrer, GA Rothschild, MF AF Seifert, JN Larsen, NJ Marklund, S Hu, ZL Rohrer, GA Rothschild, MF TI Rapid communication: Genetic linkage and physical mapping of the porcine androgen receptor (AR) gene SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; polymorphism; microsatellites; receptors C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rothschild, MF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 785 EP 786 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700034 PM 10229378 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Ashwell, MS Kappes, SM Dahl, GE AF Connor, EE Ashwell, MS Kappes, SM Dahl, GE TI Rapid communication: Mapping of the bovine growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GNRH-R) gene to chromosome 4 by linkage analysis using a novel PCR-RFLP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovidae; hormone receptors; gene mapping C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Dahl, GE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 77 IS 3 BP 793 EP 794 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XJ UT WOS:000084444700038 PM 10229382 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG AF Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG TI Performance of sampling plans to determine aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanut lots by measuring aflatoxin in high-risk-grade components SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SHELLED PEANUTS; VARIABILITY AB Five 2 kg test samples were taken from each of 120 farmers' stock peanut rots contaminated with aflatoxin, Kernels from each 2 kg sample were divided into the following U.S. Department of Agriculture grade components: sound mature kernels plus sound splits (SMKSS), other kernels (OK), loose shelled kernels (LSK), and damaged kernels (DAM). The kernel mass (g), aflatoxin mass (ng), and aflatoxin concentration (ng of aflatoxin/g of peanuts) were measured for each of the 2400 component samples. The variabilities associated with measuring aflatoxin mass (ng) in OK + LSK + DAM, or A(OLD)ng, and in LSK + DAM, or A(LD)ng, and aflatoxin concentration (ng/g) in OK + LSK + DAM, or A(OLD)ng/g, and in LSK + DAM, or A(LD)ng/g, were determined. The variance associated with measuring aflatoxin in each of the 4 combinations of components increased with aflatoxin, and functional relationships were developed from regression analysis. The variability associated with estimating the lot concentration from each of the 4 combinations of components was also determined, The coefficients of variation (CV) associated with estimating the aflatoxin for a lot with aflatoxin at 100 ng/g were 90, 86, 94, and 96% for aflatoxin masses A(OLD)ng and A(LD)ng and aflatoxin concentrations A(OLD)ng/g and A(LD)ng/g, respectively. The performance of aflatoxin sampling plans using the combination of aflatoxin masses in OK + LD + DAM and CD + DAM components was evaluated with a 2 kg test sample and a 50 ng/g accept/reject limit. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 179PT UT WOS:000079338400009 PM 10191533 ER PT J AU Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER AF Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER TI Subtleties in perception and discrimination by cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni, of the two 14-carbon acetate sex pheromone components SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE T-ni; sex pheromone; behavior; perception; flight; orientation; trapping; wind tunnel ID PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; NOCTUID MOTHS; UPWIND FLIGHT; HUBNER; MALES; RESPONSES; BLEND; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; REDUNDANCY AB Three compounds that are emitted by virgin female cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14: Ac), and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14: Ac), are detected by antennal olfactory receptor neurons specialized to detect sex pheromone components. The principal evidence signifying that either or both of Z7-14:Ac and Z9-14:Ac have an effect on male behavior comes from an observed reduction in the numbers of males trapped by Z7-12:Ac paired with a six-component mixture. The evidence conforms to a hypothesis that either or both of these compounds are the basis for discrimination between the two mixtures. However, scant evidence for this hypothesis was obtained in paired-source laboratory wind-tunnel assays, even at airborne concentrations of Z7-14:Ac and Z9-14:Ac that ranged up to 1000x that emitted by a female. Furthermore, there was little evidence from single-source laboratory or field trap assays confirming that Z7-14:Ac and Z9-14:Ac at or above natural stimulus strengths modify the moth's perception of Z7-12:Ac. The data suggest that discrimination of small mixture differences may not be resolvable within the confines of a wind tunnel. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Mayer, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 455 EP 469 DI 10.1023/A:1020941501388 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178PZ UT WOS:000079276200003 ER PT J AU Borges, M Zarbin, PHG Ferreira, JTB Da Costa, MLM AF Borges, M Zarbin, PHG Ferreira, JTB Da Costa, MLM TI Pheromone sharing: Blends based on the same compounds for Euschistus heros and Piezodorus guildinii SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean; methyl 2,6,10-trimethyldodecanoate; methyl 2,6,10-trimethyluidecanoate; stinkbugs; pheromones; Piezodorus guildinii ID STINK BUGS HETEROPTERA; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; PENTATOMIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; OBSCURUS AB Pheromone compounds shared between two species of pentatomids from the soybean stink bug complex are reported. Two male-specific compounds (R-t 27.47 and 29.62 min) were detected in the airborne extract of Piezodorus guildinii by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The compounds were identified as methyl 2,6,10-trimethyldodecanoate and methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate. C1 USDA ARS, EMBRAPA, LAPEX, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Quim, Ctr Politecn Jardim Amer, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Sintese & Identificacao Prod Nat, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EMBRAPA, Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Borges, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, EMBRAPA, LAPEX, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Bldg 007,Room 301, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zarbin, Paulo/C-1383-2013; Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 25 IS 3 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1023/A:1020914222769 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178PZ UT WOS:000079276200014 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Stuff, JE Smith, EO AF Wong, WW Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Hergenroeder, AC Hill, RB Stuff, JE Smith, EO TI Pubertal African-American girls expend less energy at rest and during physical activity than Caucasian girls SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; METABOLIC-RATE; BODY-COMPOSITION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WEIGHT-GAIN; OBESITY; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; BLACK AB Between 1963 and 1991, the most dramatic increases in the prevalence of overweight in the United States have been reported in African-American girls. Lower basal energy expenditure and lack of physical activity are believed to be risk factors for excessive weight gain. We hypothesized that energy expenditure at rest and during physical activity are lower in pubertal African-American girls than in Caucasian girls. Basal metabolic rate and sleeping energy expenditure of 40 Caucasian and 41 African-American pubertal girls (matched for age, physical characteristics, body fat, and energy intake) were measured by whole-room calorimetry, energy expended for physical activity by the doubly labeled water method, sexual maturity by physical examination, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical fitness by treadmill testing, and energy intake by 3-day food record. After adjusting for soft lean tissue mass, the basal energy expenditure (1333 +/- 132 vs. 1412 +/- 132 kcal/day, P = 0.01) and energy expended for physical activity (809 +/- 637 vs. 1271 +/- 162 kcal/day, P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the African-American girls than in the Caucasian girls. The differences remained the same after controlling for differences in sexual maturity and/or physical fitness. The lower energy expenditure of the pubertal African-American girls suggests that they are at a higher risk of becoming overweight than their Caucasian counterparts. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.tmc.edu NR 41 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.1210/jc.84.3.906 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 176JC UT WOS:000079147100014 PM 10084569 ER PT J AU Everett, KDE Hornung, LJ Andersen, AA AF Everett, KDE Hornung, LJ Andersen, AA TI Rapid detection of the Chlamydiaceae and other families in the order Chlamydiales: Three PCR tests SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISM; TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION; PSITTACI; GENE AB Few identification methods will rapidly or specifically detect all bacteria in the order Chlamydiales, family Chlamydiaceae. In this study, three PCR tests based on sequence data from over 48 chlamydial strains were developed for identification of these bacteria. Two tests exclusively recognized the Chlamydiaceae: a multiplex test targeting the ompA gene and the rRNA intergenic spacer and a TaqMan test targeting the 23S ribosomal DNA. The multiplex test was able to detect as few as 200 inclusion-forming units (IFU), while the TaqMan test could detect 2 IFU. The amplicons produced in these tests ranged from 132 to 320 bp in length. The third test, targeting the 23S rRNA gene, produced a 600-bp amplicon from strains belonging to several families in the order Chlamydiales. Direct sequence analysis of this amplicon has facilitated the identification of new chlamydial strains. These three tests permit ready identification of chlamydiae for diagnostic and epidemiologic study. The specificity of these tests indicates that they might also be used to identify chlamydiae without culture or isolation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Everett, KDE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 28 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500017 PM 9986815 ER PT J AU Jourdain, C Dwyer, J Kersell, K Mall, D McClelland, K Springate, R Williams, S AF Jourdain, C Dwyer, J Kersell, K Mall, D McClelland, K Springate, R Williams, S CA Joint Coatings Forest Prod Comm TI Changing nature of wood products - What does it mean for coatings and finish performance? SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Calif Redwood Assoc, Novato, CA 94949 USA. Pacific Lumber Co, Scotia, CA 95565 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Jourdain, C (reprint author), 405 Enfrente Dr,St 200, Novato, CA 94949 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 USA SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 71 IS 890 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 176GF UT WOS:000079142500009 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL TI Relationship of portal-drained viscera and liver net flux of glucose, lactate, volatile fatty acids, and nitrogen metabolites to milk production in the ewe SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; lactation; gluconeogenesis; ureagenesis ID KIDNEYS; TISSUE; GUT AB The objectives of this study were, first, to determine the relationship between hepatic glucose release and milk production and, second, to determine the relationship between net hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors and milk production. Nine multiparous ewes were individually penned and fed an alfalfa hay-based diet for ad libitum intake. Catheters were surgically placed in the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, a mesenteric vein, and the abdominal aorta. Metabolite fluxes across the portal-drained viscera and liver were subsequently measured at 1, 3, 6, and 10 wk after parturition. Net hepatic glucose release, net hepatic lactate uptake, and net hepatic propionate uptake increased with increased milk production. Hepatic oxygen consumption increased with increased net hepatic glucose release. Net hepatic glucose release increased with increased hepatic propionate uptake and tended to increase with increases in metabolized amino acid and lactate uptakes. The observed increases in oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera with increased milk production were probably the result of increased nutrient flux. Increased hepatic oxygen consumption with increased milk production was probably due to increased glucose and urea synthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 3 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 178AH UT WOS:000079242900021 PM 10194679 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Loague, K Ellsworth, TR AF Corwin, DL Loague, K Ellsworth, TR TI Advanced information technologies for assessing nonpoint source pollution in the vadose zone: Conference overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEPTH RELATIONS; NEURAL-NETWORK; SOURCE POLLUTANTS; GIS; ASSESSMENTS; PRIORITY AB The information age has ushered in an awareness of and concern for global environmental problems such as climatic change, ozone depletion, deforestation, desertification, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution Nonpoint source pollution is the single greatest threat to surface and subsurface drinking water resources. Nonpoint source pollutants also pose a threat to sustainable agriculture, which is viewed as the most viable means of meeting the food demands of a world population that is expected to reach 9.4 billion by the middle of the next century, The ability to accurately assess present and future NPS pollution impacts on ecosystems ranging from local to global scales would provide a powerful tool for environmental stewardship and guiding future human activities. Assessing NPS pollutant is a multidisciplinary problem. To address the problem, advanced information technologies and methodologies are needed that draw from all areas of science and are applied in a spatial context. It was from this setting that the 1997 Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference Application of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling for Assessing Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone (19-24 Oct. 1997, Riverside, CA) materialized. The objective of the conference was to examine current multidisciplinary technologies and methodologies for assessing NPS pollutants in the vadose zone, and to explore new conceptual approaches. It was the conference's goal to provide a forum to stimulate multidisciplinary interaction to enhance the development of techniques for the realtime measurement and modeling of NPS pollution in the vadose zone and subsurface waters. C1 ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 357 EP 365 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, RD Shouse, P Yates, S AF Zhang, RD Shouse, P Yates, S TI Estimates of soil nitrate distributions using cokriging with pseudo-crossvariograms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID LARGE LAND AREAS; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CROSS-VARIOGRAMS AB Nitrate (NO3-) is one of the major nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone. In this study, NO3- distributions were estimated in an 800 by 800 by 1.8 m soil volume using kriging and cokriging with nonsymmetric pseudo-crossvariograms. Cokriging with pseudo-crossvariograms maximized the use of available information at different soil depths. Cokriging allowed easily obtained information at shallow layers to be used to improve soil chemical estimations at deeper layers, Compared with kriging, cokriging significantly reduced the mean squared errors (MSEs) and mean kriging variances (MKVs) of the NO3- estimations in the soil. For the same estimation accuracy of kriging, cokriging with pseudo-crossvariograms used less than half the data; thus potentially it could reduce more than half the sampling cost than kriging estimation, Cokriging with pseudo-crossvariograms was shown to be a precise and an economic way for determining nonpoint source pollutant distributions in large fields. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zhang, RD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500008 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Carrillo, MLK Vaughan, PJ Rhoades, JD Cone, DG AF Corwin, DL Carrillo, MLK Vaughan, PJ Rhoades, JD Cone, DG TI Evaluation of a GIS-linked model of salt loading to groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTANTS; POROUS-MEDIA; VADOSE ZONE; TRANSPORT; SOILS AB The ability to assess through prognostication the impart of nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loads to groundwater, such as salt loading, is a key element in agriculture's sustainability by mitigating deleterious environmental impacts before they occur. The modeling of NPS pollutants in the vadose zone is well suited to the integration of a geographic information system (GIS) because of the spatial nature of NPS pollutants, The GIS-linked, functional model TETrans was evaluated for its ability to predict salt loading to groundwater in a 2396 ha study area of the Broadview Water District located on the westside of central California's San Joaquin Valley, Model input data were obtained from spatially-referenced measurements as opposed to previous NPS pollution modeling effort's reliance upon generalized information from existing spatial databases (e.g., soil surveys) and transfer functions. The simulated temporal and spatial changes in the loading of salts to drainage waters for the study period 1991-1996 were compared to measured data, A comparison of the predicted and measured cumulative salt loads in drainage waters for individual drainage sumps showed acceptable agreement for management applications. An evaluation of the results indicated the practicality and utility of applying a one-dimensional, GIS-linked model of solute transport in the vadose zone to predict and visually display salt loading over thousands of hectares. The display maps provide a visual toot for assessing the potential impact of salinity upon groundwater, thereby providing information to make management decisions for the purpose of minimizing environmental impacts without compromising future agricultural productivity. C1 ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Broadview Water Dist, Firebaugh, CA 93622 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 471 EP 480 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500012 ER PT J AU Jaynes, WF Moore, PA Miller, DM AF Jaynes, WF Moore, PA Miller, DM TI Solubility and ion activity products of calcium phosphate minerals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA AB Most phosphate mineral solubility data in use were measured more than 20 yr ago when instrumentation and methods were generally less sophisticated. The objective of this study was to measure calcium phosphate mineral solubilities using modern analytical equipment and techniques. Natural and synthetic Ca phosphate minerals (<50 mu m) were equilibrated in water and dilute HCl for 6 mo with continuous agitation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify compositions before and after equilibration. Filtered (<0.2 mu m) solution aliquots were analyzed for pH and chemistry. Chemical compositions were determined using inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Aqueous carbonates were determined from alkalinity titrations after phosphate alkalinity corrections. The chemical speciation model "Soilchem'' was used to calculate free ion concentrations and ionic strengths. Ion activity products (IAPs) were determined from free ion concentrations and single ion activity coefficients. Experimental log IAPs of monetite (CaHPO4) were consistent (-6.60) with published values for brushite (CaHPO4. tH(2)O) suggesting that the IAPs of these minerals are identical. No change in mineralogy during equilibration was revealed by XRD, Experimental log IAPs of synthetic whitlockite (-30.74, beta-Ca-3(PO4)(2)) indicated a somewhat lower solubility than published values. Log IAPs of synthetic hydroxyapatite (-56.02, Ca-5(PO4)(3)(OH) were within the range of published values, Natural samples of whitlockite and fluorapatite did not attain equilibrium due to extraneous siderite (FeCO3) and silica phases within the samples. A long equilibration time, modern analytical equipment, and a chemical speciation program can yield more reliable solubility data for phosphates and other minerals. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 530 EP 536 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500018 ER PT J AU Ghidey, F Alberts, EE AF Ghidey, F Alberts, EE TI Temporal and spatial patterns of nitrate in a claypan soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID VARIABILITY; DENITRIFICATION AB The temporal and spatial patterns of NO3-N were studied on a 35-ha field located in the claypan soil region of north-central Missouri. Soil samples were collected from the 0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and 10- to 15-cm depths and were analyzed for NO3-N concentrations. Surface water samples from the field were collected for NO3-N and NH4-N analysis during each surface runoff event. Groundwater samples mere also taken from the field wells four times a year for 5 yr and analyzed for NO3-N concentrations. The effects of topography, depth to claypan, soil pH, organic matter (OM) content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil water content on the spatial distribution of NO3-N concentration were also evaluated. Nitrate-N concentration in the 0- to 5-cm soil depth increased in the first few weeks following application, then decreased rapidly and was very low at harvest. During the study period, nitrate movement below the layer of fertilizer application was very low, and <5% of the total N applied in the soil was lost to surface runoff Nitrate-N concentration in groundwater samples decreased by an average of 0.40 mg L-1 yr(-1) from 1992 to 1996, The semivariograms did not exhibit strong spatial dependency except for the samples collected 1 and 4 wk after fertilizer applications in 1993 and 1995, respectively. Nitrate-N concentration was poorly correlated to soil water content and depth to claypan and relatively strongly correlated to elevation and soil pH. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Ghidey, F (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 584 EP 594 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500024 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Booker, FL Miller, JE Pursley, WA Stefanski, LA AF Heagle, AS Booker, FL Miller, JE Pursley, WA Stefanski, LA TI Influence of daily carbon dioxide exposure duration and root environment on soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint AGU Chapman/SSSA Outreach Conference on Applications of GIS, Remote Sensing, Geostatistics, and Solute Transport Modeling to the Assessment of Nonpoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone CY OCT 19-24, 1997 CL RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA SP AGU Chapman, SSSA ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; PLANT-RESPONSES; YIELD RESPONSE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; FIELD; OZONE; ENHANCEMENT; CHAMBERS AB Little is known about effects of daily CO2 enrichment duration and root environment on plant response to elevated CO2. Two experiments were performed,vith Essex soybean (Glycine max L, Merr,) in open-top field chambers to address these questions. In one experiment, effects of 12 and 24 h d(-1) exposures to double-ambient CO2 were compared for plants grown in 14 L pots that were either insulated to moderate soil temperature or not insulated. Although never significant statistically, trends at some growth stages suggested that nighttime CO2 enrichment contributed to growth and yield. Plants grew and yielded more in insulated than noninsulated pots, but there were no significant CO2 enrichment X insulation interactions. In the second experiment, response to approximately 1.3, 1.6, and 1.9 times ambient CO2 was compared for plants grown in the ground or 14 L pots. Enhancement of photosynthesis, growth, and yield by CO2 enrichment was similar in pots and in the ground. Linear responses to different CO2 concentrations were significant for all yield components in both root environments, whereas quadratic responses were significant for plants in pots but not for plants in the ground. Tests of proportionality of response for yield components shelved no evidence of significant differences between plants in pots and in the ground except weight per 100 seeds. Seed yield enhancement at 1.9 times ambient CO2 was 36% for plants in pots and 33% for plants in the ground. Overall, proportional response of soybean to CO2 enrichment was relatively uniform in spite of large differences in baseline growth and yield. C1 ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. EM asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 666 EP 675 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500034 ER PT J AU Puchalski, M Horvath, G Loughran, M Elsner, G Koskinen, W AF Puchalski, M Horvath, G Loughran, M Elsner, G Koskinen, W TI Pesticide-contaminated soil sample stability during frozen storage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED POTATO PRODUCTION; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; METRIBUZIN AB Little information is available in the literature on pesticide-contaminated soil sample stability during frozen storage. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of sample holding times on frozen clay loam, clay, and loamy sand soils spiked with eight different herbicides: EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate); trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitor-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine); atrazine (6-chloro-N-2-ethyl-N-4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine); alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide); dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid); 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid); silvex ((+/-)-2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid); and 2,4,5-TB (4-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid). Each soil was spiked with eight herbicides (1 mg kg(-1) each herbicide) and stored at -15 degrees C for up to 450 d. The pesticides tested could generally be stored up to 450 d without affecting pesticide recovery on all soil types with the exception of trifluralin. Trifluralin decreased by 50% in the loamy sand, 40% in the clay loam, and 66% in the clay soil over the length of the study, In the loamy sand, clay loam, and clay soils a significant decrease in trifluralin concentration occurred at Day 180, 360, and 270, respectively. This study shows that long-term frozen storage can affect the sample integrity of some pesticide-contaminated soils. In addition, soil type can be a factor in sample integrity during frozen storage. Spiked controls should be a part of quality assurance and quality control during long-term frozen storage. C1 Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Puchalski, M (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 90 W Plato Blvd, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500041 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC Cecchi, AM Dowdy, RH Norberg, KA AF Koskinen, WC Cecchi, AM Dowdy, RH Norberg, KA TI Adsorption of selected pesticides on a rigid PVC lysimeter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER SAMPLES; CASING MATERIALS; WATER AB Lysimeters have traditionally been made out of stainless steel and tenon to monitor soil solutions and groundwater, The possibility of adsorption of organic chemicals to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Lysimeters, a more economical alternative to stainless steel, has led to debate over their suitability for groundwater sampling. The adsorption of different pesticide chemistries, chloroacetanilide (alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide)), s-triazine (atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)), chloronicotinyl (imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine)), organophosphorus (isofenphos (1-methylethyl 2-[[ethoxy[(1-methylethyl)amino]phosphinothioyl]oxy]benzoate)), sulfonylurea (nicosulfuron (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyr-imidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridine carboxamide)), and azole (triadimefon (1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone)), on a lysimeter constructed from rigid PVC was determined to evaluate the suitability of PVC material for use in groundwater sampling. Among all pesticides tested, only isofenphos demonstrated slight adsorption (9% of applied) on the lysimeter; adsorption was rapid and isophenfos was not easily desorbed with methanol and water, None of the other pesticides adsorbed to the lysimeter, When selecting a lysimeter, potential adsorptive interactions between other pesticide chemistries and the materials used in the lysimeter construction should be evaluated. C1 ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 732 EP 734 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 175VN UT WOS:000079116500043 ER PT J AU King, DI DeGraaf, RM Griffin, CR Maier, TJ AF King, DI DeGraaf, RM Griffin, CR Maier, TJ TI Do predation rates on artificial nests accurately reflect predation rates on natural bird nests? SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUAIL EGGS; SUCCESS; SPARROWS AB Artificial nests are widely used in avian field studies. However, it is unclear how well predation rates on artificial nests reflect predation rates on natural nests. Therefore, we compared survival rates of artificial nests (unused natural nests baited with House Sparrow eggs) with survival rates of active bird nests in the same habitat at the same sites. Survival rates of artificial nests (27.7%) were significantly lower than nest survival rates of natural nests (58.6%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the inclusion of an index of nest concealment in addition to nest type (natural or artificial) significantly increased the amount of the variability in nest predation accounted for by the regression. However, because the relationship between nest survival and nest type (natural or artificial) was still highly significant even with nest concealment included in the model, we conclude that higher rates of nest predation on artificial nests were not entirely due to the greater conspicuousness of artificial nests. We suggest that lack of parental defense is an additional contributing factor responsible for higher predation rates on artificial nests and, therefore, is likely to be a potential confounding factor in future nest predation experiments using artificial nests. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 2 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225VC UT WOS:000081985700015 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JT Wolters, WR Holland, M AF Silverstein, JT Wolters, WR Holland, M TI Evidence of differences in growth and food intake regulation in different genetic strains of channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; food intake regulation; growth ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; SALMON; SIZE AB Norris and USDA-103 strains of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were compared for growth rate and food conversion ratio under satiation feeding and restricted feeding (1% body weight day(-1)) regimes. Al the start of the experiment Norris fish weighed 2.8 g, USDA-103 fish weighed 14.0 g. Therefore, a regression of the log(e) of specific growth rate against the log(e) of mean body size with an empirically derived fixed slope of -0.37 was used to compare growth rates. Under both feeding regimes the USDA-103 strain had faster specific growth rates and more efficient food conversion. In subsequent studies, voluntary food intake of size matched fish (60 g average) from these two strains was compared using a radiographic method. Fish were acclimatized to tank conditions for 3 weeks prior to voluntary food intake measurement. Half of the groups were deprived of food for 2 days prior to food intake measurement, while the remaining groups were fed 1% body weight day. The USDA-103 strain fish ate significantly more food and grew faster than the Norris strain fish. Previously fasted Norris fish subsequently ate more than their fed counterparts, whereas the fed USDA-103 fish consumed more food than the fasted USDA-103 group. When the USDA-103 strain fish were deprived of food for 4, 2 or 0 days, all groups subsequently consumed between 4.5 and 5.0% of body weight in one meal. The USDA-103 fish, unlike the Norris fish were not stimulated to consume more after short-duration fasting. Taken together, these results suggest that there are genetic differences in growth, food conversion ratio and regulation of food intake between Norris and USDA-103 strains. (C) 1999 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Radiol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Silverstein, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 3 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00639.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174CM UT WOS:000079016600011 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Edelson, SG AF Buchanan, RL Edelson, SG TI pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the presence of various acidulants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; NONTHERMAL INACTIVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURVIVAL; ADAPTATION; O157-H7 AB The effect of acidulant identity on the pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance response of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was studied. Nine strains of E. coli (seven O157:H7, one O111:H-, and one biotype 1 reference strain) were cultured individually for 18 h at 37 degrees C in tryptic soy broth (TSB) plus 1% dextrose and in TSB without dextrose to yield acid resistance induced and noninduced stationary-phase cells, respectively. These cultures were then inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) supplemented with 0.5% citric, malic, lactic, or acetic acid and adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl. The BHI tubes were incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 7 h and samples were removed after 0, 2, 5, and 7 h and plated for counting CFU on BHI agar and MacConkey agar (MA). The results were compared to data previously obtained with HCl only. Acid resistance varied substantially among the isolates, being dependent on the strain, the acidulant, and the induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. Hydrochloric acid was consistently the least damaging to cells; lactic acid was the most detrimental. The relative activity of the other acids was strain dependent. Inducing pH-dependent acid resistance increased the already substantial acid tolerance of stationary-phase E. coli. The extent of injury also varied with acid and strain, with as much as a 5-log-cycle differential between BHI agar and MA CFU counts. The accurate determination of the survival of enterohemorrhagic E. coli in acidic foods must take into account the biological variability of the microorganism with respect to its acid resistance and its ability to enhance survival through the induction of physiological stress responses. C1 ARS, Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. EM rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov NR 39 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 173NB UT WOS:000078985700001 PM 10090238 ER PT J AU Buchanan, RL Edelson, SG Boyd, G AF Buchanan, RL Edelson, SG Boyd, G TI Effects of pH and acid resistance on the radiation resistance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM IRRADIATION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; NONTHERMAL INACTIVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; APPLE CIDER; COMMERCIAL MAYONNAISE AB The effects of pH and the induction of pH-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance on the radiation resistance of Escherichia coli were determined for seven enterohemorrhagic strains and one nonenterohemorrhagic strain. The isolates were grown in acidogenic or nonacidogenic media to pH levels of approximately 4.7 and 7.2, respectively. The cells were then transferred to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 (with HCl) that was preequilibrated to 2 degrees C, and cultures were then irradiated using a Cs-137 source. Surviving cells and the extent of injury were determined by plating on BHI and MacConkey agars both immediately after irradiation and after subsequent storage at 2 degrees C for 7 days. Decreasing the pH of the BHI in which E. coli was irradiated had relatively little effect on the microorganism's radiation resistance. Substantial differences in radiation resistance were noted among strains, and induction of acid resistance consistently increased radiation resistance. Comparison of E. coli levels immediately after irradiation and after 7 days of refrigerated storage suggested that irradiation enhanced pH-mediated inactivation of the pathogen. These results demonstrate that prior growth under conditions that induce a pH-dependent stationary phase cross-protects E. coli against radiation inactivation and must be taken into account when determining the microorganism's irradiation D value. C1 ARS, Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Buchanan, RL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. EM rbuchana@bangate.fda.gov NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 173NB UT WOS:000078985700002 PM 10090239 ER PT J AU Cutter, CN AF Cutter, CN TI Combination spray washes of saponin with water or acetic acid to reduce aerobic and pathogenic bacteria on lean beef surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES; ANIMAL CARCASSES; DECONTAMINATION; EXTRACTS; SYSTEMS AB Saponins are naturally occurring compounds known as triterpenoid glycosides found in a variety of plant species. Saponins are approved for use in the food industry as foaming agents. When combined with water or organic acid in spray treatments, saponins' foaming property may improve carcass decontamination. In the first experiment of this study, lean beef carcass surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Spray-washing treatments with 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by 2% acetic acid, were more effective for reducing aerobic bacteria than saponin, water, or 2% acetic acid washes alone. However, 1% saponin followed by a either a water or 2% acetic acid wash was no more effective than a 2% acetic acid wash for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment, experimentally inoculated beef surfaces were subjected to spray treatments with water followed by another water wash, water followed by a 2% acetic acid wash, 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash. When examined for effectiveness against all bacterial populations, 1% saponin followed by a water wash and 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash were as effective as two water washes or a water wash followed by 2% acetic acid for reducing aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium from bed surfaces. Under the conditions described, reductions associated with combination spray washes may be attributed to the physical removal of bacteria during the spraying process, not to any specific action of saponin. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 173NB UT WOS:000078985700012 PM 10090249 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Widstrom, NW Lynch, RE Russin, JS AF Guo, BZ Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Widstrom, NW Lynch, RE Russin, JS TI Distribution of antifungal proteins in maize kernel tissues using immunochemistry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE; GERMINATION; CORN; POLYACRYLAMIDE; ACCUMULATION; ACTIVATION; WAX AB This study examined the distribution of two antifungal proteins, ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) and zeamatin, in maize kernel tissues. Proteins were extracted from endosperm (including aleurone layer) and embryo tissues of imbibed maize kernels. Western blot analyses revealed that RIP-like protein was present at higher levels in endosperm than in embryo tissues, whereas zeamatin-like protein was more concentrated in embryo tissues than in endosperm tissues. However, there were three protein bands in the endosperm and two bands in the embryo that reacted to anti-RIP antibody in Western blot analyses. Tissue prints were conducted to localize the antifungal proteins. Imbibed kernels were cut longitudinally and transversely and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Using antibodies against maize RIP and zeamatin, RIP was found primarily in the aleurone layer of the endosperm and glandular layer of scutellum, whereas zeamatin was located mainly in the kernel embryo. These results provide insight into the potential functions of these antifungal proteins, especially since the presence of RIP and zeamatin within maize kernels uniquely protects kernels from pathogens. C1 ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 173NB UT WOS:000078985700016 PM 10090253 ER PT J AU Perkins-Veazie, P Roe, N Lasswell, J McFarland, MJ AF Perkins-Veazie, P Roe, N Lasswell, J McFarland, MJ TI Temperature manipulation improves postharvest quality of a mid-season peach SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; EXTRACTABLE JUICE; WOOLLINESS; FIRMNESS AB Mid-season peach (Prunus persica it.) Batsch cv Majestic) fruit of five maturity stages, from red suture to red, full soft, were subjected to warming treatments before and during storage at 5 C. Intermittent warming and delayed storage accelerated softening in red suture, half and full red hard fruit. The treatment effect was greater with less mature fruit. Treatment had no effect on soluble solids concentration, total phenolics, or titratable acidity. 'Majestic' peaches could be held at 5 C up to four weeks if harvested at the half red or full red hard stage and held at room temperature for 24 h before storage. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas A&M Res & Extens Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1999.tb00928.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 194DB UT WOS:000080175900007 ER PT J AU Pilz, D Smith, J Amaranthus, MP Alexander, S Molina, R Luoma, D AF Pilz, D Smith, J Amaranthus, MP Alexander, S Molina, R Luoma, D TI Mushrooms and timber - Managing commercial harvesting in the Oregon cascades SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY; FOREST AB American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare), which are harvested from Forest Service lands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range, provide commercial, recreational, subsistence, and cultural opportunities to forest users. The Winema and Deschutes National Forests have used collection permits and educational programs to address concerns about harvesters' activities and resource sustainability. Research on matsutake productivity shows that silvicultural options may reduce fire danger and provide revenue, jobs, and wood while improving forest health and increasing the availability of the mushrooms. Thus forest managers can expand their planning and management activities to enhance the commercial value of forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Winema Natl Forest, Chemult Ranger Dist, Chemult, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pilz, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dpilz/r6pnw_corvallis@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 97 IS 3 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 173HP UT WOS:000078975300003 ER PT J AU Podgwaite, JD AF Podgwaite, JD TI Biological insecticide for the gypsy moth SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; GYPCHEK; PRODUCT AB Responding to concerns over the use of chemical pesticides, the USDA Forest Service has developed narrow host-range products for the control of forest pests. Among them is Gypchek, a viral pesticide for gypsy moths, but its future availability is not assured. if the private sector will not produce a safe and useful pesticide because the market is unstable, some other approach toward developing such products and making them available is needed. A federal center may be necessary to research biopesticides, transfer technology to the private sector, and develop, register, produce, and market those products that industry will not. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Podgwaite, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM jpodgwai/ne_ha@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 97 IS 3 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 173HP UT WOS:000078975300005 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A McManus, M AF Liebhold, A McManus, M TI The evolving use of insecticides in - Gypsy moth management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB The gypsy moth, an exotic defoliating insect, persists in the United States despite 100 years of attempts at eradication and management using many insecticides. Efforts to eliminate the pest in the Northeast eventually gave way to containment and suppression strategies using broad-spectrum, persistent insecticides. Those products have since been replaced by biologically based technologies that have fewer environmental impacts. With continued expansion of the gypsy moth into the South and Midwest-and with valuable forests at risk-there are renewed efforts to slow its spread with environmentally acceptable insecticides and to eradicate isolated outbreaks in new habitats far from the infested area. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Hamden, CT USA. RP Liebhold, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 97 IS 3 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 173HP UT WOS:000078975300006 ER PT J AU Benyus, J AF Benyus, J TI An integrated riparian study: Seeking a scientific basis for BMPs - Water resources SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Benyus, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 97 IS 3 BP A6 EP A7 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 173HP UT WOS:000078975300019 ER PT J AU Mangum, FA Madrigal, JL AF Mangum, FA Madrigal, JL TI Rotenone effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River, Utah: A five-year summary SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Before treatment with a 3 mg/l Nordish (0.15 mg/l active ingredient; rotenone) for 48 hours, benthic invertebrate communities were quantitatively sampled with a modified Surber net. Then spring, summer, and fall post-rotenone samples were taken monthly at each of four Strawberry River stations for five years. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that the application of rotenone had a significant effect on the following species density: Cinygmula sp., Pteronarcella badia, Hesperoperla pucifica, Hydropsyche sp., and Brachycentrus americanus. Thirty-three percent of the benthic invertebrate taxa at the four stations showed resistance to rotenone. Up to 100% of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera species were missing after the second rotenone application. Forty-six percent of the taxa recovered within one year, but 21% of the taxa were still missing after five years. Of the 19 taxa still missing, 47% were Trichoptera, 21% were Ephemeroptera, 16% were Plecoptera, 11% were Coleoptera, and 5% were Megaloptera. C1 US Forest Serv, Natl Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Provo, UT 84601 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Mangum, FA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Uinta Natl Forest 88 W 100 N, Provo, UT 84601 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1080/02705060.1999.9663661 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000079013100012 ER PT J AU Cortez, EM AF Cortez, EM TI Research, Education, and Economics Information System: An engine for strategic planning and information policy development at the US Department of Agriculture SO JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE information audit; systems theory; US Department of Agriculture; organizational theory; management information system; Research, Education and Economic Information System; Government Performance Review Act AB This article describes the implementation of a strategic information audit as a key component in the development of the Research, Education, and Economics Information System (REEIS) at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). As a planning tool the audit is also viewed as an opportunity to bring into alignment the strategic intent of the four mission agencies with the use of state-of-the-art information technologies. Included in the article is a discussion of the systems model for researching organizational theory. The discussion and description is limited to phase one of a two-phase long-range project at the USDA. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cortez, EM (reprint author), USDA, Res Educ & Econ Informat Syst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-0237 J9 J GOV INFORM JI J. Gov. Inf. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S1352-0237(99)00005-2 PG 11 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 185LD UT WOS:000079669700003 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS AF Dahleen, LS TI Tissue culture increases meiotic pairing of regenerants from barley x Canada wild rye hybrids SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID ELYMUS-CANADENSIS; HORDEUM-VULGARE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SECALE-CEREALE; F1-HYBRID; KARYOTYPE; PLANTS AB Canada wild rye (CWR; Elymus canadensis L.) expresses traits such as barley yellow dwarf virus resistance, winter hardiness, and drought resistance, Hybrids between CWR and barley (Hordeum vulgare L,) are sterile, precluding transfer of these traits into barley, Callus cultures were initiated from these hybrids to promote chromosome recombination and possibly restore fertility, The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of tissue culture and cytoplasm on meiotic pairing of 17 intergeneric hybrids generated by crossing Betzes barley and CWR, and 117 regenerants, and to examine meiosis in a BC1 plant from a regenerant x barley cross, Meiotic abnormalities were common, including chromosome bridges, lagging univalents, and micronuclei, Regenerants with 2n = 21, 20, or 22 chromosomes had significantly greater pairing and fewer micronuclei than the hybrids (2n = 21), Regenerants with partially or completely doubled chromosome complements (2n = 36-42) showed chromosome instability, Hybrids and regenerants with barley cytoplasm had significantly more pairing and fewer micronuclei than those with CWR cytoplasm, Application of barley pollen to florets of a stably doubled (2n = 42) regenerant resulted in a single BC1 plant that survived to develop spikes. This plant had the expected 28 mitotic chromosomes and showed meiotic chromosome number instability. Backcrosses to this plant produced small embryos for rescue, indicating that the BC1 plant is partially female fertile, Attempts to recover BC2 plants are in progress. Results indicate that tissue culture significantly increased chromosome pairing, providing additional opportunity for genetic recombination between the two species. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, State Univ Stn, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 90 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1093/jhered/90.2.265 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 172CE UT WOS:000078904100001 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Zahnley, JC AF Smith, MR Zahnley, JC TI Production of glucosyltransferases by wild-type Leuconostoc mesenteroides in media containing sugars other than sucrose SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dextran; dextransucrase; glucan; glucosyltransferase; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; inducible enzymes; synthesis; nonsucrose medium ID CONSTITUTIVE MUTANTS; NRRL B-1355; DEXTRANSUCRASE; ALTERNANSUCRASE; OLIGOALTERNANS; GLUCANSUCRASE; SELECTION; LINKAGES; B-1299; STRAIN AB Leuconostoc mesenteroides produces glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and fructosyltransferases (FTFs) which are inducible enzymes which respectively synthesize dextrans and levans from sucrose. Except for a few mutant strains which produce high activities in glucose medium, L. mesenteroides is thought not to produce GTFs and FTFs unless sucrose is present. We show here that cultures of eight strains produced low, but detectable GTF activity when glucose, maltose or melibiose replaced sucrose as the growth substrate. Four strains also produced FTFs of approximately 130 kDa in medium with or without sucrose. The GTFs and FTFs produced on sugars other than sucrose could be detected as bands on SDS gels even when not detected by other methods. Except for strain B-523, the number, sizes and relative intensities of the bands were independent of the sugar used for growing the cultures. Alternansucrase from strains B-1355 and B-1501 in glucose or maltose medium was almost entirely associated with the cell fraction, ruling out binding to glucans as the cause of the association. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smith, MR (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900621 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 206MT UT WOS:000080883900003 ER PT J AU Burt, CM Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH Howell, TA Strelkoff, TS AF Burt, CM Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH Howell, TA Strelkoff, TS TI Irrigation performance measures: Efficiency and uniformity - Closure SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Irrig Training & Res Ctr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Bioresource & Agr Engn Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Burt, CM (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Irrig Training & Res Ctr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 2 BP 98 EP 100 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1999)125:2(98) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 178RH UT WOS:000079279600009 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH AF Clemmens, AJ Solomon, KH TI Estimation of global irrigation distribution uniformity - Closure SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Bioresource & Agr Engn Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93410 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 2 BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1999)125:2(101) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 178RH UT WOS:000079279600011 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME Hoeg, JM AF Brousseau, ME Hoeg, JM TI Transgenic rabbits as models for atherosclerosis research SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE apolipoproteins; atherosclerosis; lipid enzymes; transgenic; New Zealand White; Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; INTERMEDIATE DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; RNA-EDITING PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; HEPATIC LIPASE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBIT; HEREDITARY HYPERLIPIDEMIA; REMNANT LIPOPROTEINS AB Several characteristics of the rabbit make it an excellent model for the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits have low plasma total cholesterol concentrations, high cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, low hepatic lipase (HL) activity, and lack an analogue of human apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, providing a unique system in which to assess the effects of human transgenes on plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis susceptibility. Additionally, rabbit models of human lipoprotein disorders, such as the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic (WHHL) and St. Thomas' Hospital strains, models of familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia, respectively, allow for the assessment of candidate genes for potential use in the treatment of dyslipoproteinemic patients. To date, transgenes for human apo(a), apoA-I, apoB, apoE(2), apoE(3), HL, and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), as well as for rabbit apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC-1), have been expressed in NZW rabbits, whereas only those for human apoA-I and LCAT have been introduced into the WHHL background, All of these transgenes have been shown to have significant effects on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. In both NZW and WHHL rabbits, human apoA-I expression was associated with a significant reduction in the extent of aortic atherosclerosis, which was similarly the case for LCAT in rabbits having at least one functional LDL receptor allele. Conversely, expression of apoE(2) in NZW rabbits caused increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. These studies provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of atherosclerosis, emphasizing the strength of the rabbit model in cardiovascular disease research. Brousseau, M. E., and J. M. Hoeg. Transgenic rabbits as models for atherosclerosis research. J, Lipid Res. 1999. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM, USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NHLBI, Mol Dis Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM, USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 365 EP 375 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 173EG UT WOS:000078967800001 PM 10064724 ER PT J AU Marchiondo, AA Meola, SM Palma, KG Slusser, JH Meola, RW AF Marchiondo, AA Meola, SM Palma, KG Slusser, JH Meola, RW TI Chorion formation and ultrastructure of the egg of the cat flea (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ctenocephalides felis felis; ova; chorion; ultrastructure ID CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS SIPHONAPTERA; LONGEVITY; SURVIVAL AB Oocyte development in adult female cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), was studied by Light and electron microscopy to determine the formation and ultrastructural morphology of the eggshell. As oocytes develop, somatic follicle cells from the lining of the ovariole migrate around the oocytes. The follicle cells produce electron-dense granules that form the vitelline membrane around the developing oocyte. Subsequently, electron-lucent granules containing an electron-dense core (precursors of the chorion) are produced from the rough endoplasmic reticulum that appear as dilated and clear linear clefts in the cytoplasm of the follicle cells. Exocytosis and coalescence of the granules around the oocyte as the follicle cells disintegrate give rise to the chorion. The chorion was found to consist of 4 distinct layers. The external surface of the egg shell consists of a particulate layer approximate to 760 nm thick, composed of an electron-lucent layer of widely dispersed granules. Embedded in this layer are electron-dense spheres that project above the surface of this granular layer. Beneath this outermost layer is a band of electron-dense material, consisting of densely packed granules and is half as thick as the outer particulate layer. The 3rd layer consists of relatively thick, weakly Laminated chorion, with a felt-like appearance due to a meshwork of microfibrils. Projections of this network of microfibrils form pillars that attach this layer to a thin relatively compact 4th or basal layer. The pillars and the air-filled cavities lying between the 3rd and 4th chorionic layers constitute the chorionic meshwork known as the palisades or trabecular layer that form the major respiratory organ of the eggshell. The trabecular layer is connected to the external environment by means of the lateral and anterior aeroplyes. The vitelline membrane lies between the chorion and oocyte and is a granular, uniform, moderately electron-dense layer measuring approximate to 260 nm thick. The micropyle at the posterior of the flea egg consists of a rosette of 50 - 80 apertures and possesses an internal electron-dense plug between the chorion and the vitelline membrane. An aeropyle at the anterior end of the egg consists of a rosette of 40-50 apertures. An inconspicuous aeropyle appears as a cluster of hexagonal or polygonal-shaped plaques on the lateral surface of the chorion. Each plaque contains 3-8 pores. C1 Merial Ltd, Merial Res Ctr, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Blue Ridge Pharmaceut, Greensboro, NC 27409 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Electron Microscopy Facil, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Marchiondo, AA (reprint author), Merial Ltd, Merial Res Ctr, 6498 Jade Rd, Fulton, MO 65251 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170VT UT WOS:000078828300006 PM 10083751 ER PT J AU Nunamaker, RA Brown, SE Knudson, DL AF Nunamaker, RA Brown, SE Knudson, DL TI Fluorescence in situ hybridization landmarks for chromosomes of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis; bluetongue virus; physical genomic mapping; vector competence ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; VIRUS; DNA AB Because the three chromosomes of Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) are morphologically indistinguishable, physical landmarks were needed so that the chromosomes can be identified uniquely and oriented unambiguously before initiating the construction of a physical map based on FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization). When repetitive sequence clones p1887 and K8.1a8 were labeled with digoxigenin and probe K8a.2G2 was labeled with biotin-11-dUTP and digoxigenin, the 3 chromosomes could be differentiated unambiguously when visualized with specific band-pass filters. This provided the basis for C. variipennis FISH landmark probes that enabled the identification and orientation of all 3 pairs of chromosomes. Using this multicolor FISH labeling strategy, probes that provide unique landmarks for the C, variipennis FISH physical map have been found and may be used in all FISH reactions where an unknown probe is placed to metaphase chromosomes of C. variipennis. A physical map of the C. variipennis genome will provide the foundation for map-based positional cloning of the gene(s) that control vector competence for the bluetongue viruses. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nunamaker, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34337] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170VT UT WOS:000078828300009 PM 10206798 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI Notes on responses of blacklegged ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) to host urine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; white-tailed deer; white-footed mice ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; DISPERSAL AB In laboratory bioassays under conditions of high humidity, host-seeking female blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, avoided urine of reproductively active male and nonestrous female white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), the principal host species of the adult stage. At 50% RH, female I. scapularis did not avoid urine from male and female deer. Larval and nymphal I. scapularis did not exhibit an arrestment response to urine from male and female white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), a major host for immature blacklegged ticks. These results suggest that under some conditions, urine from 2 principal host species in certain physiological states does not provide kairomonal cues that aid I. scapularis in contacting these host species. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170VT UT WOS:000078828300016 PM 10083760 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Montanari, A Ash, K Manthey, CL AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Montanari, A Ash, K Manthey, CL TI Polymethoxylated flavones derived from citrus suppress tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by human monocytes SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC-AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PROTEIN; CELLS; INHIBITION AB Flavonoids isolated from citrus were evaluated for their ability to affect the inflammation response through suppression of cytokine expression by human monocytes. Several polymethoxylated flavones inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). Subsequent studies centered on the compound 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF) which produced the highest inhibition (IC(50) = 5 mu M). HMF was also a potent inhibitor of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, but not of IL-1 beta, IL-6, or IL-8 production. Suppression of TNF alpha production was at the level of mRNA induction as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HMF was also a potent inhibitor of human phosphodiesterase activity and was shown to induce a substantial elevation of cAMP levels in monocytes. The similarity of these results to the inhibition profile of the known phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, suggests that the polymethoxylated flavones inhibit cytokine production in part by suppression of phosphodiesterase activity. The ability of HMF to also inhibit IL-10 production suggests the additional existence of a phosphodiesterase-in dependent mechanism for this compound. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Flordia Dept Citrus, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Amgen Inc, Dept Biol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jamwh@juno.com NR 29 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1021/np980431j PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 182LN UT WOS:000079500600009 PM 10096854 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Donald, WW Keaster, AJ Kremer, RJ Kendig, JA Sims, BS Mihail, JD AF Donald, PA Donald, WW Keaster, AJ Kremer, RJ Kendig, JA Sims, BS Mihail, JD TI Changes in Heterodera glycines egg population density in continuous Glycine max over four years SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; distribution; Heterodera glycines; Missouri; nematode management; population density; precision farming; semivariance; soybean; spatial statistics; variable rate technology ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SOIL PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; FIELD; GEOSTATISTICS; PLOTS AB Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is found throughout soybean production areas of the United States, but the nematode's distribution is not uniform within states, counties, and individual fields. The goal of this research was to determine the spatial pattern of H. glycines population density in a field in southeastern Missouri and whether it changed over time in the absence of management practices. Geostatistical methods were used to describe and map the distribution of H. glycines over 4 years in a soybean (Glycine max) field in southeastern Missouri. Semivariograms and kriging, an interpolation method, were used to prepare isoarithmic contour maps and associated error maps. In the field studied, fall H. glycines population density (Pf) was poorly related to density the following spring (Pi). The distribution of peak H. glycines population density within the field changed from year to year, although high densities were often detected in the same general region of the field. The patchiness of H, glycines distribution within a field was verified, Yield was not related to H. glycines egg population density at planting, indicating that unmeasured variables were also reducing yield. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. Univ Tennessee, Highland Rim Expt Stn, Springfield, TN 37172 USA. RP Donald, PA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 215JJ UT WOS:000081378300005 PM 19270874 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Copeland, KC Gunn, SK Stuff, JE Clarke, LL Ellis, KJ AF Abrams, SA Copeland, KC Gunn, SK Stuff, JE Clarke, LL Ellis, KJ TI Calcium absorption and kinetics are similar in 7- and 8-year-old Mexican-American and Caucasian girls despite hormonal differences SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE human nutrition; calcium metabolism; stable isotopes; bone mineralization; puberty ID SKELETAL HEALTH; WHITE-CHILDREN; BONE-DENSITY; BLACK; METABOLISM; POLYMORPHISMS; DYNAMICS; PUBERTY; WOMEN; RACE AB To assess the possibility of ethnic differences in mineral metabolism in prepubertal children, we compared measures of calcium metabolism in 7- and 8-y-old Mexican-American (MA) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (CAU) girls (n = 38) living in southeastern Texas. We found similar fractional calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion, calcium kinetic values and total-body bone mineral content in the MA and CAU girls. In contrast, parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were greater in MA girls (4.01 +/- 0.47 vs. 1.96 +/- 0.50 pmol/L, P = 0.005) than in CAU girls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower in MA girls (68.9 +/- 7.1 vs. 109.4 +/- 8.4 nmol/L, P = 0.001) than in CAU girls, but 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations did not differ between groups. Seasonal variability was seen for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in girls of both ethnic groups, but values in all of the girls were >30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL). We conclude the following: 1) greater PTH levels in MA girls than CAU girls are present without evidence of Vitamin D deficiency; and 2) differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations between MA and CAU girls do not have a large effect on calcium absorption, excretion or bone calcium kinetics. These data do not provide evidence for adjusting dietary recommendations for mineral or vitamin D intake by MA girls. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43740] NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 129 IS 3 BP 666 EP 671 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175EB UT WOS:000079079100013 PM 10082772 ER PT J AU Jahoor, F Wykes, L Del Rosario, M Frazer, M Reeds, PJ AF Jahoor, F Wykes, L Del Rosario, M Frazer, M Reeds, PJ TI Chronic protein undernutrition and an acute inflammatory stimulus elicit different protein kinetic responses in plasma but not in muscle of piglets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE protein undernutrition; inflammatory stimulus; stable isotope; piglets; plasma protein; muscle protein ID ACUTE-PHASE; AMINO-ACID; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION; METABOLISM; TURNOVER; DEPRIVATION; DEFICIENCY; INJURY AB The changes in protein metabolism of severe childhood malnutrition are generally perceived as a metabolic adaptation to chronic protein undernutrition. However, severe malnutrition is invariably accompanied by infections which also have profound effects on protein metabolism. This study aimed to distinguish the effect of protein undernutrition from that of an inflammatory stimulus on muscle and plasma protein synthesis rates. Two groups of five piglets consumed diets containing either 23% or 3% protein for 4 wk. They then were infused intravenously with H-2(3)-leucine before and 48 h after subcutaneous injections of turpentine to measure the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of muscle protein and both the FSR and the absolute synthesis rates (ASR) of albumin and fibrinogen, Prior to turpentine injection, compared to control piglets, protein-deficient piglets had significantly lower muscle FSR and plasma concentrations of both albumin and fibrinogen, although only albumin had lower FSR and ASR. Turpentine injection decreased muscle FSR but increased the FSR, ASR and plasma concentrations of both albumin and fibrinogen in control piglets. In protein-deficient piglets, the inflammatory stress caused a further decrease in muscle protein FSR and in plasma albumin concentration despite marked increases in albumin FSR and ASR, Fibrinogen FSR, ASR and plasma concentration were increased. We conclude that protein undernutrition and inflammation elicit the same kinetic response in muscle protein but different kinetic responses in plasma proteins. Furthermore, whereas protein deficiency reduces the plasma albumin pool via a reduction in albumin synthesis, inflammation reduces it through a stimulation of catabolism and/or loss from the intravascular space. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD34224-01A1] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 129 IS 3 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175EB UT WOS:000079079100017 PM 10082776 ER PT J AU Jacob, RA Jenden, DJ Allman-Farinelli, MA Swendseid, ME AF Jacob, RA Jenden, DJ Allman-Farinelli, MA Swendseid, ME TI Folate nutriture alters choline status of women and men fed low choline diets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 98 Meeting CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE choline; folic acid; humans ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; HOMOCYSTEINE; DEFICIENCY; RATS; METABOLISM; METHYLATION; ETHANOL; PLASMA; LIVER AB Choline and folate share methylation pathways and, in studies of rats, were shown to be metabolically inter-related. To determine whether choline status is related to folate intake in humans, we measured the effect of controlled folate depletion and repletion on the plasma choline and phosphatidylcholine concentrations of 11 healthy men (33-46 y) and 10 healthy women (49-63 y) fed low-choline diets in two separate metabolic unit studies. Total folate intake was varied by supplementing low folate (25 and 56 mu g/d for men and women, respectively) and low choline (238 and 147 mg/d for men and women, respectively) diets with pteroylglutamic acid for 2-6 wk following folate-depletion periods of 4-5 wk. The low folate/choline intakes resulted in subclinical folate deficiencies; mean plasma choline decreases of 28 and 25% in the men and women, respectively; and a plasma phosphatidylcholine decrease of 26% in the men (P < 0.05). No functional choline deficiency occurred, as measured by serum transaminase and lipid concentrations. The decreases in choline status measures returned to baseline or higher upon moderate folate repletion and were more responsive to folate repletion than plasma folate and homocysteine. Feeding methionine supplements to the men did not prevent plasma choline depletion, indicating that folate is a more limiting nutrient for these methylation pathways. The results indicate that I) choline is utilized as a methyl donor when folate intake is low, 2) the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine is insufficient to maintain choline status when intakes of folate and choline are tow, and 3) dietary choline is required by adults in an amount > 250 mg/d to maintain plasma choline and phosphatidylcholine when folate intake is low. C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Biochem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Jacob, RA (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 129 IS 3 BP 712 EP 717 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175EB UT WOS:000079079100020 PM 10082779 ER PT J AU Russell, RM Rasmussen, H Lichtenstein, AH AF Russell, RM Rasmussen, H Lichtenstein, AH TI Modified food guide pyramid for people over seventy years of age SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; ELDERLY POPULATION; MALABSORPTION; FIBER; RISK; MEN C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 18 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 129 IS 3 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175EB UT WOS:000079079100025 PM 10082784 ER PT J AU Hasler, CM Blumberg, JB AF Hasler, CM Blumberg, JB TI Symposium on Phytochemicals: Biochemistry and Physiology - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Funct Foods Hlth Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hasler, CM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Funct Foods Hlth Program, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 129 IS 3 BP 756S EP 757S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 175EB UT WOS:000079079100027 PM 10082785 ER PT J AU Bobilya, DJ Reynolds, JT Faia, KL Briske-Anderson, M Reeves, PG AF Bobilya, DJ Reynolds, JT Faia, KL Briske-Anderson, M Reeves, PG TI Zinc-related metallothionein metabolism in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metallothionein; zinc; endothelial cell; IL-6; dexamethasone; 17 beta-estradiol ID GENE-EXPRESSION; RAT-LIVER; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; INDUCTION; CULTURES; CADMIUM; COPPER AB Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) were cultured in vitro under a variety of conditions to investigate holy metallothionein (MT) might participate in zinc homeostasis. Experimental conditions included 10% serum to ensure that the in vitro environment would be a better reflection of the in vivo situation than with protein-free medium. MT was increased by acutely high zinc concentrations (100-200 mu mol/L) in the extracellular environment, MT was relatively insensitive to moderate changes in zinc concentration (2-50 mu mol/L), even after prolonged exposure for 7 to 12 days. BPAEC had reduced MT content when grown in medium containing serum that had been dialyzed to remove components with a molecular mass of less than 1,000, including zinc. Because the principal source of the major minerals in the experimental medium was nor the serum, their concentrations in the final medium were not significantly influenced by serum dialysis. Restoring the zinc concentration in the medium containing the dialyzed serum did not restore MT content in BPAEC, suggesting that some small molecular weight molecule other than zinc established their basal MT content. This study did not identify these putative factors in serum, but hormones are likely candidates. Forty-eight-hour incubations of BPAEC with interleukin (IL-6) or dexamethasone increased cellular MT; however, 17 beta-estradiol decreased MT, and IL-l and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) had ilo discernible effect. We conclude that extracellular zinc concentrations have relatively little impact on the cellular concentrations of MT and zinc of BPAEC in vitro. Zinc homeostasis by BPAEC is not maintained by changing the MT concentration in response to changes in the extracellular zinc environment. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1999. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Anim & Nutr Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Bobilya, DJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Anim & Nutr Sci, Kendall Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00099-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173PJ UT WOS:000078988700002 PM 15539281 ER PT J AU Shulman, RJ AF Shulman, RJ TI Cisapride doesn't work? Don't go breakin' my heart! SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; PH; INFANTS; MECHANISMS; CHILDREN C1 Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shulman, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 134 IS 3 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70446-4 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 173NC UT WOS:000078985800004 PM 10064658 ER PT J AU Moyna, G Williams, HJ Nachman, RJ Scott, AI AF Moyna, G Williams, HJ Nachman, RJ Scott, AI TI Detection of nascent polyproline II helices in solution by NMR in synthetic insect kinin neuropeptide mimics containing the X-Pro-Pro-X motif SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insect kinins; molecular modeling; neuropeptides; NMR; polyproline II helices; structural chemical shifts ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; FORCE-FIELD; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; PROTEINS; CONFORMATION; PEPTIDES; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; ANALOGS AB The conformations of three synthetic peptide analogs containing the dPro-dPro-dXaa motif (dXaa=dThr, dGlu, dAsn) in aqueous solution were studied by a combination of NMR and molecular modeling simulations. The three compounds were identified from a random D-amino acid tripeptide library on the basis of their ability to either mimic or block the diuretic activity of neuropeptides of the insect kinin family. TOCSY and ROESY correlations, as well as abnormal secondary chemical shifts for protons on the D-proline residues were employed to obtain conformational ensembles consistent with the experimental NMR data for the three analogs using an in vacuo simulated annealing protocol. Similar secondary structures were found for the three molecules after refinement, in agreement with the similarities observed between their NMR spectra. Unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water representation indicate that the structural motifs found in vacuo are stable in aqueous solution. The three analogs can be considered initiators of right-handed poly D-proline II helices, mirror images of the poly L-proline II left-handed helical motifs normally found in proline-rich proteins. The role of these secondary folds on binding of the analogs to the kinin receptors is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biol, NMR, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Vet Entomol Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3011.1999.00036.x PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 188YH UT WOS:000079876600008 PM 10231717 ER PT J AU Hoynes, CD Lewis, JA Lumsden, RD Bean, GA AF Hoynes, CD Lewis, JA Lumsden, RD Bean, GA TI Biological control agents in combination with fertilization or fumigation to reduce sclerotial viability of Sclerotium rolfsii and disease of snap beans in the greenhouse SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sclerotium rolfsii; biological control; fertilization; fumigation; integrated pest management ID INTEGRATED CONTROL; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; SOUTHERN BLIGHT; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOCONTROL FUNGI; DAMPING-OFF; FIELD; SOIL; GERMINATION; TOMATO AB The use of biological control agents in combination with fertilization or fumigation to reduce sclerotial viability of Sclerotium rolfsii and the disease it causes on snap bean was investigated in the greenhouse. The fertilizers ammonium sulphate [(NH(4))(2)SO(4)], ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)), diammonium phosphate [(NH(4))(2)HPO(4)], or urea applied to soil at a field rate of 135 kg/ha, 15 cm deep of nitrogen (N) (0.09 mg of N/g) or Gliocladium vir ens (G1-3) biomass at a rate of 7.5 kg/ha, 15 cm deep (0.05 mg/g) did not reduce the viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii (Sr-1) when each was applied alone. However, treatment with fertilizer together with the low rate of G1-3 biomass significantly reduced the sclerotial viability. The treatments that were effective in reducing the viability by more than 75% were the application of(NH(4))(2)SO(4) or (NH(4))(2)PO(4) and the low rate of G1-3 biomass. Application of the high rate (0.25 mg/g) of G1-3 biomass alone only reduced the sclerotial viability by 25%. The addition of any of the fertilizers with the low rate of biomass generally resulted in bean seed germination in the pathogen-infested soil that was higher than that achieved with each individual component. The disease severity (DSI) on beans was appreciable (> 3.0) in pathogen-infested soil treated with or without the fertilizer (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and in pathogen-infested soil without fertilizer but with a low rate of G1-3. However, in pathogen-infested soil treated with the fertilizer and the low rate of G1-3 biomass together, the disease was reduced to a DSI value of less than 1.0. In fumigation studies with metham sodium (Vapam), a dose-response study to investigate the viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii (Sr-3) indicated that fumigant rates of less than 23.3 mu g/g of soil were sublethal. It was also shown that 5.4 mu g/g of metham sodium was inhibitory to G1-3 biomass but not to conidia. Consequently, the conidia of isolates G1-3, Thm-4 of Trichoderma hamatum, and Tv-1 of Trichoderma viride were used together with metham sodium at 17.1 mu g/g of soil. Conidia that were applied to the soil 2 days prior to metham sodium reduced the viability of sclerotia more than each individual component. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of effective disease reduction with an approach utilizing biological control in combination with fertilization or fumigation. C1 ARS, BPDL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), ARS, BPDL, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 147 IS 3 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0434.1999.147003175.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 197AM UT WOS:000080342500007 ER PT J AU Moder, W Bunk, A Albrecht, A Doostdar, H Niedz, RP McDonald, RE Mayer, RT Osswald, WF AF Moder, W Bunk, A Albrecht, A Doostdar, H Niedz, RP McDonald, RE Mayer, RT Osswald, WF TI Characterization of acidic chitinases from culture medium of sweet orange callus tissue SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; chitinase; chitosanase; pathogenesis-related proteins; plant tissue culture ID CHITOSANASE ACTIVITIES; CELL-CULTURES; LYSOZYME; EXPRESSION; HYDROLASES; PROTEINS; PLANT AB Two acidic chitinases (E.C. 3.2.1.14) were purified from embryogenic Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. 'Hamlin' callus tissue culture medium. The two proteins showed chitinase and chitosanase activity but no lysozyme activity The enzyme activities decreased with decreasing acetylation of the chitin substrate. Both hydrolases were endochitinases and showed distinct differences in their digestion pattern towards chitin substrates of varying lengths. Hydrolysis of a chitin hexamer substrate with ACHCM-1 resulted only in dimeric products whereas ACHCM-2 released chitin dimers and trimers. The ACHCM-1 chitinase showed a M-r of 28,000 and a pI of 5.8 (determined by chromatofocusing) whereas the ACHCM-2 protein was characterized by a M-r of 25,000 and a pI of 5.0. The N-terminal sequences of both proteins were similar and showed homology to the class III chitinases. The two chitinases showed distinct differences in their serological characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Phytopathol, D-85354 Freising, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Phytopathol, D-85350 Freising, Germany. RP Moder, W (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Biochem Plant Pathol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 154 IS 3 BP 296 EP 301 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 182GR UT WOS:000079491300004 ER PT J AU Zhou, DB Solomos, T Imaseki, H Mattoo, AK AF Zhou, DB Solomos, T Imaseki, H Mattoo, AK TI Low temperature storage induces acid invertase in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold storage; invertase transcript; isozymes; sugar accumulation; Northern blot; low temperature; gene ID TOMATO FRUIT; BETA-FRUCTOSIDASE; MESSENGER-RNA; CDNA CLONING; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; GENES AB We have studied the accumulation of acid invertase isozymes and gene transcripts in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) tubers stored at 10 degrees C or 1 degrees C. Northern blot analysis using a cDNA probe to vacuolar invertase showed that the invertase transcript does not accumulate in tubers stored at 10 degrees C. However, in tubers stored at 1 degrees C the invertase transcript level increases markedly within 7 days. The accumulation of acid invertase transcripts was found coincident with an increase in invertase activity, mainly the isoform with a pi value of 5.37. Southern blot analysis indicated that the vacuolar acid invertase gene is probably present in one or two copies per haploid genome. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhou, DB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 154 IS 3 BP 346 EP 350 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 182GR UT WOS:000079491300011 ER PT J AU McCollum, FT Gillen, RL Karges, BR Hodges, ME AF McCollum, FT Gillen, RL Karges, BR Hodges, ME TI Stocker cattle response to grazing management in tallgrass prairie SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stocking rate; grazing method; continuous stocking; rotational stocking; average daily gain ID VEGETATION RESPONSE; SHORT DURATION; SYSTEMS AB The effects of stocking rate and grazing method on performance of yearling beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairies in north-central Oklahoma were evaluated from 1989 to 1994. Pastures dominated by big bluestem [Andropogon gerardii Vitman], little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], were allocated to either short duration rotational or continuous stocking methods and stocking rates ranging from 52 animal-unit-days (AUD) ha(-1) to 90 AUD ha(-1). Steers grazed the units from late April to late September. Precipitation was above average during the study period. Live weight gain per head was higher under continuous stocking than rotational stocking at all stocking rates. At 52 AUD ha(-1), individual gains under rotational stocking were 11% less than under continuous stocking. At 90 AUD ha(-1), individual gains under rotational stocking were decreased by 20%. Measurements of steer diets and forage standing crop suggest the reduction in weight gain was due to reduced forage intake under rotational stocking. Live weight gain per hectare increased with stocking rate and was higher with continuous stocking at all stocking rates. Net returns per hectare increased as stocking rate increased for both stocking methods but were lower for rotational stocking at all stocking rates. Variable costs per head would have to decrease by 24 to 34% under rotational stocking to equalize net returns between the 2 grazing methods. Unless the decline in gain per head can be reduced or eliminated, there is no economic incentive to implement rotational stocking under the conditions of this study. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. USDA ARS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma Wheat Commiss, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP McCollum, FT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.2307/4003504 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182WR UT WOS:000079521600004 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Voigt, P Jones, RM AF Sanderson, MA Voigt, P Jones, RM TI Yield and quality of warm-season grasses in central Texas SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE kleingrass; lovegrass; old world bluestem; digitgrass; flaccidgrass; buffelgrass ID FORAGE YIELD; TALL FESCUE AB Warm-season perennial bunchgrasses frequently are used for hay and grazing in central Texas. We compared 6 alternative grasses with 2 more commonly grown species ['Ermelo' weeping lovegrass, (Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees var. curvula Nees) and 'Selection-75' kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.] on 2 soils during 2 years. Grasses were transplanted into field plots at Stephenville and Temple, Tex. 1993 and harvested 3 times in 1994 and 1995. Weeping lovegrass and 'WW-B.Dahl' old world bluestem [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] were the highest yielding (P < 0.05) grasses and averaged 9,350 and 7,630 kg dry matter ha(-1) in 1994 and 1995, respectively. 'Irene' tufted digit grass (Digitaria eriantha Stued.) and kleingrass produced similar (P > 0.05) yields (6,560 and 6,340 kg dry matter ha(-1)). Experimental line 409-703 buffelgrass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link], 'Carostan' flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Greisb.),'Palar' Wilman lovegrass (Eragrostis superba Peyr.), and P.I. 269961 Oriental pennisetum (Pennisetum orientale Rich) yielded less than 3,000 kg dry matter ha(-1) at Stephenville and were invaded by weeds. Tillers per plant generally explained most of the yield differences as plant density was held constant. Ermelo lovegrass and 'WW-B.Dahl' old world bluestem produced 2 to 3 times more tillers plant than other grasses. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber were higher (P < 0.05) in digitgrass and the lovegrasses than in other grasses (39 vs 36% of dry matter). These data indicate that 'WW-B.Dahl' old world bluestem and 'Irene' tufted digitgrass should be useful in forage-livestock systems in central Texas. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Lab, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.2307/4003508 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182WR UT WOS:000079521600008 ER PT J AU Riddle, RR Taylor, CA Huston, JE Kothmann, MM AF Riddle, RR Taylor, CA Huston, JE Kothmann, MM TI Intake of ashe juniper and live oak by angora goats SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Capra; digestibility; Quereus virginiana; Juniperus ashei; Edwards plateau; nitrogen ID SAVANNA AB Angora mutton goats (Capra hircus) were fed diets of either live oak [Quercus virginiana (Small) Sarg. var, fusiformis], alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.), Coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers.) or female ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) plus Coastal bermudagrass hay during the spring and fail of 1991 in a digestion/metabolism study. Nitrogen concentration of Coastal bermudagrass hay was nearly equal to that of alfalfa hay; nitrogen concentration of ashe juniper and live oak were much lower than those of the hays, and were higher in fall than spring. Dry matter intake and dietary nitrogen were highest for alfalfa hay, intermediate for Coastal bermudagrass hay, and lower for ashe juniper and live oak. Goats retained more nitrogen when consuming alfalfa and Coastal bermudagrass hays than juniper or live oak during fall, but differences were smaller (P > 0.10) during spring. Nitrogen balance was negative for goats consuming live oak in the spring. Nitrogen balance was positive for live oak in the fall and positive for ashe juniper for the spring and fall. Animals fed hay diets had higher levels of urine output than those fed juniper or live oak. Dry matter digestibility of juniper and live oak diets was less in fail than in spring. During fall, dry matter intakes of juniper and live oak were significantly lower than those of alfalfa and Coastal bermudagrass hays. We conclude that both ashe juniper and live oak foliage can provide nutrients for goats but only as portions of diets. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Sonora, TX 76950 USA. RP Riddle, RR (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Fed Bldg 39N Washington, RM 109, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.2307/4003511 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182WR UT WOS:000079521600011 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Svejcar, T Taylor, F Farstvedt, J Paintner, K AF Ganskopp, D Svejcar, T Taylor, F Farstvedt, J Paintner, K TI Seasonal cattle management in 3 to 5 year old bitterbrush stands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Purshia tridentata; shrub; livestock; big game; winter range; wildlife; habitat AB Because of its high palatability and sustained levels of forage quality, antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Pursh DC) is one of the most desired shrubs on western U.S. rangelands. Bitterbrush has decreased in abundance in many areas, and efforts to foster its restoration have met with limited success. Because little information is available regarding the grazing management of newly established stands of bitterbrush, this study was undertaken to: 1) determine the effects of early and late-season cattle grazing on bitterbrush, 2) determine when cattle were most likely to forage on these shrubs, and 3) relate use of shrubs to the quantity, quality, and phenology of accompanying herbaceous forages. Ungrazed (control), early-grazed, and dormant-grazed paddocks supporting 3(+) year old bitterbrush (randomized complete block design, N = 3) were monitored for 3 years to accomplish this task. When grasses were green and growing, cattle grazed about 6% of the shrubs per day. When grasses and forbs were dormant, about 13% of the shrubs were grazed each day. Rates of use of shrubs were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with amounts of accompanying herbage available (r(2) = 0.40), levels of forage utilization (r(2) = 0.00), stocking pressure (r2 = 0.00), crude protein (r(2) = 0.02) or neutral detergent fiber content (r(2) = 0.59) of accompanying forages, or digestibility of the forages as measured by in-vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) (r(2) = 0.62). In stepwise regression analyses Julian date alone accounted for 92 % of the variation in rates of use of shrubs and the addition of IVOMD accounted for 98% of the variation. This suggested that bitterbrush was grazed more heavily as the growing season advanced and forage quality of the grasses declined. Shrub height, diameter, and volume were reduced by early grazing in 1 of 3 years when turn out was delayed until grasses were entering anthesis. Cattle grazing when grasses were dormant caused reductions in height, diameter, and volume of the shrubs in all 3 years. Rates of shrub mortality were unaffected by treatment. Bitterbrush in all treatments experienced significant reductions in height, diameter, and volume from wildlife use during the winters of 1993 and 1993 but not 1995. When trials were terminated, shrubs in early-prated paddocks exceeded (P < 0.10) their counterparts in the dormant grazed paddocks in height, diameter, and volume. Shrubs in early-treatments also exceeded ungrazed controls in diameter and volume. Early grazing of pastures either reduced competition or directly stimulated twig growth of the bitterbrush, If managers wish to conserve critical browse for wintering wildlife or enhance development of young bitterbrush, we suggest that pastures be grazed before the most prominent grasses reach anthesis. After grasses have cured, rates of use on bitterbrush by cattle may be 2 to 3 times higher than when accompanying forages were succulent and growing. C1 USDA ARS, E Ore Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. USDI, BLM, Hines, OR 97738 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Hines, OR 97738 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Agr Exp Sta, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, E Ore Agr Res Ctr, HC 71 4-51 Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.2307/4003512 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182WR UT WOS:000079521600012 ER PT J AU Ries, RE AF Ries, RE TI Factors influencing crown placement of oats (Avena sativa L.) SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE crown depth; mesocotyl; leaf internodes; light; temperature; planting depth; interaction ID TEMPERATURE AB The depth of the grass crown nodes in the soil influences the susceptibility of the crown to environmental and management conditions which can affect grass establishment success and grain and forage yield levels. A controlled environment experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of planting depth (38 and 76 mm), temperature (25 and 10 degrees C), and light (full light [900 mu moles m(-2) sec(-1)] and shaded at 55 % full light [500 mu moles m(-2) sec(-1)] on the elongation of oat (Avena sativa L. 'Valley') seedling internodes and the resulting final crown placement, The mesocotyl and Ist leaf internode increased in length with increased planting depth with no significant interactions. The length of the 2nd leaf internode increased more when developed under 25 degrees C temperatures than under 10 degrees C (significant temperature x depth interaction). However, the 2nd leaf internode elongated more under low light (55% full light) compared to full light (significant light x depth interaction). The 3rd leaf internode length was the same for the 38 and 76 mm planting depths when developed at 10 degrees C and under 55% full light. At 10 degrees C-full light and 25 degrees C-55% light, the deep planting depth resulted in increased 3rd leaf internode elongation, while at 25 degrees C-full light, the 3rd leaf internode was longer when developed from 38 mm planting depth (significant temperature x light x depth interaction). The ultimate elongation of these internodes resulted in the depth and structure of the final oat crown. This study points out the importance of naming and knowing each internode since the internodes do not respond in similar manner to environmental conditions. When all factors resulting in oat crown depth location and structure are considered, one expects crowns of oat seedlings developed under 10 degrees C to contain 4 nodes somewhat separated and crowns containing only 3 nodes more widely separated under temperature conditions of 25 degrees C. The most compact crown developed under reduced light conditions, from 38 mm planting depth, and a temperature of 10 degrees C. This information concerning the morphology of crown structure and location is expected to be similar for annual and perennial forage grasses with an oat type seedling morphology when seeded at similar temperatures, light intensities, and planting depths. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Ries, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.2307/4003514 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 182WR UT WOS:000079521600014 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW AF Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW TI Behavioral and body size correlates of energy intake underreporting by obese and normal-weight women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EATING ATTITUDES TEST; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; LOW-END SPECIFICITY; DIETARY RESTRAINT; FOOD-INTAKE; NORMAL LIFE; EXPENDITURE; OVERWEIGHT; RECORDS; ACCURACY AB Objective To examine behavioral and body size influences on the underreporting of energy intake by obese and normal-weight women. Design Seven-day estimated food records were kept by subjects before they participated in a 49-day residential study. Self-reported energy intake was compared with energy intake required to maintain a stable body weight during the residential study (reference standard). Energy intake bias and its relationship to various body size and behavioral measures were examined. Subjects Twenty-two, healthy, normal-weight (mean body mass index [BMI]=21.3) and obese (mean BMI=34.2) women aged 22 to 42 years were studied. Statistical analyses Analysis of variance, paired t test, simple linear regression, and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted. Results Mean energy intake from self-reported food records was underreported by normal-weight (-9.7%) and obese (-19.4%) women. BMI correlated inversely with the energy intake difference for normal-weight women (r=-.67, P=.02), whereas the Beck Depression Inventory correlated positively with the energy intake difference for obese women (r=.73, P<.01). Conclusion/applications Results suggest that body size and behavioral traits play a role in the ability of women to accurately self-report energy intake. BMI appears to be predictive of underreporting of energy intake by normal-weight women, whereas emotional factors related to depression appear to be more determinant of underreporting for obese women. Understanding causative factors of the underreporting phenomenon will help practicing dietitians to devise appropriate and realistic diet intervention plans that clients can follow to achieve meaningful change. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Food Res Inst, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, Consumer Sci Dept, Reading, Berks, England. RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 57 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 99 IS 3 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00078-4 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 186MC UT WOS:000079732700009 PM 10076581 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI Morphological abnormalities in species of the quadrimaculatus complex of anopheles (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles diluvialis; An. inundatus; An. maverlius; An. quadrimaculatus; An. smaragdinus; mosquito ID TEMPERATURE AB This report provides results of the first detailed examination of morphological abnormalities occurring in adults, pupae, and 4th-instar larvae of a sibling species complex within the family Culicidae. Aberrant and/or anomalous setae or structures are reported, along with their frequency of occurrence. for the 5 sibling species (Anopheles diluvialis, Anopheles inundatus, Anopheles maverlius, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Anopheles smaragdinus) of the Quadrimaculatus Complex of Anopheles. A total of 21,684 specimens were examined. In the pupal stage, the presence of seta Ii-Ii was the most common anomaly, whereas in the 4th-instar larva, branching of seta 2-C occurred most frequently. Abnormalities in the male genitalia usually involved the claspette or tergum IX. Other abnormalities in females, male genitalia, pupae, and 4th-instar larvae occurred infrequently. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195GE UT WOS:000080241600003 PM 10342263 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI The dorsal apotome of pupae and fourth-instar larvae of Culicidae (Diptera), a structure of phylogenetic significance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; dorsal apotome; mosquitoes; pupae; larvae AB The development of the pupal dorsal apotome was examined and compared in representatives of the families Culicidae, Chaoboridae, Corethrellidae, and Dixidae. Illustrations of the pupal dorsal apotome for 73 species. in 25 genera, are provided to show the differences and similarities between taxa. The 4th-instar larval dorsal apotome is compared and illustrated for the 3 subfamilies of Culicidae. The phylogenetic significance of the dorsal apotome of the pupae and 4th-instar larvae is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195GE UT WOS:000080241600015 PM 10342275 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI Separation of fourth-instar larvae of Culex nigripalpus from Culex salinarius in Florida using the spiracular apodeme SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex nigripalpus; Culex salinarius; spiracular apodeme; larvae; mosquito AB The spiracular apodeme of the 4th-instar larvae of Culex nigripalpus and Culex salinarius is described and illustrated. The development of this structure provides an additional character for separating these 2 species. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 Sw 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195GE UT WOS:000080241600016 PM 10342276 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO AF Adlof, RO TI The Lindlar-catalyzed reduction of methyl santalbate: A facile preparation of methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate-9,10-d(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CLA; conjugated; deuterium; fats; linoleic; preparation; synthesis ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; SEED OIL; ISOMERS; LIPIDS; FAT AB Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been associated with the reduction of chemically induced cancers in mice and rats and the suppression of atherosclerosis in rats. We have found seed oils to be a valuable source of precursors for the rapid preparation of gram quantities of deuterium-labeled fats. Methyl santalbate (methyl 11-trans-octadecen-9-ynoate), obtained from Santalum album (Linn.) seed, was reduced with Lindlar catalyst, quinoline, and deuterium gas to produce, in yields of 65-75%, the gram quantities of methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoale-9,10-d(2) (CLA-d(2)) we required for metabolism and oxidation studies. Unlike monoacetylenic and methylene-interrupted polyacetylenic fatty acid methyl esters, the conjugated system was reduced with no noticeable break in the rate of deuterium uptake. The quantity of poison (quinoline) present did influence the amount of CLA-d(2) produced, but the production of overreduced fatty acid methyl esters (perhaps because of the conjugated system) could not be prevented. Fractionation of the reaction mixture by silver resin chromatography resulted in the isolation of >99% chemically pure CLA-d(2) in yields of 60-70%. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s11746-999-0235-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181HQ UT WOS:000079436300003 ER PT J AU Asadauskas, S Erhan, SZ AF Asadauskas, S Erhan, SZ TI Depression of pour points of vegetable oils by blending with diluents used for biodegradable lubricants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable lubricants; canola oil; crystallization; high-oleic sunflower oil; hydraulic oils; low-temperature properties; pour point depressant; solidification; soybean oil; vegetable oil AB Low-temperature properties need improvement before vegetable oils can receive wider recognition as biodegradable lubricants. Effects of dilution with major biodegradable fluids, namely poly alpha olefin (PAO 2), disodecyl adipate (DIDA), and oleates, as well as impact of pour point depressant (PPD), were investigated. Since solidification of mixed unsaturated triacylglycerols is a complex thermodynamic process, the study was limited to pour point determinations. Vegetable oils demonstrated higher pour points with increased saturation and molecular weight. Cis unsaturation and hydroxy groups favored lower pour points. Dilution with oleates appeared less effective than dilution with PAO 2 and DIDA. Addition of 1% PPD (w/w) depressed pour points down to -33 degrees C for canola and -24 degrees C for high-oleic sunflower ails. However, neither higher amounts of PPD nor incorporation of diluent produced further depression. Depression of pour points was not proportional to the amount of diluent and ceased with further dilution. Low-temperature performance of vegetable oils limits their prospect as biodegradable lubricants, but well-balanced usage of PPD and diluents can deliver some improvements. C1 NCAUR, USDA, ARS, Peoria, IL USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), OCR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Asadauskas, Svajus/A-6766-2010 OI Asadauskas, Svajus/0000-0001-9267-5280 NR 24 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 76 IS 3 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s11746-999-0237-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181HQ UT WOS:000079436300005 ER PT J AU Horejsi, T Box, JM Staub, JE AF Horejsi, T Box, JM Staub, JE TI Efficiency of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to sequence characterized amplified region marker conversion and their comparative polymerase chain reaction sensitivity in cucumber SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; breeding; molecular markers; RAPD; SCAR ID GENETIC-MARKERS; RESISTANCE; RAPD; SCAR; LETTUCE; MILDEW AB The conversion of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, and the effects of differing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions were studied in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L,), Attempts were made to clone and sequence 75 RAPD PCR products to produce SCAR primers (16 to 22 nucleotides) designed to amplify original RAPD PCR products, The influence of template DNA source, purity, and concentration, MgCl2 concentration, Tag polymerase source, and type of thermocycler upon RAPD and SCAR marker performance was evaluated. Conversion of RAPD to SCAR markers was not universally successful, and SCAR primers reacted differently to varying PCR conditions, Only 48 (64%) of 75 RAPD markers were successfully converted to SCAR markers and II (15%) of these reproduced the polymorphism observed with the original RAPD PCR product. Moreover, some SCAR primer pairs produced multiple polymorphic PCR products, The band intensity of SCAR markers were brighter (P = 0.05) than their corresponding RAPD markers with only one exception. The SCAR markers examined were less influenced (P = 0.05) by MgCl2 concentration than their corresponding RAPD markers, However, some SCAR markers were more sensitive to reaction impurities than their RAPD counterparts and SCAR markers tended to he less readily visualized (decrease in frequency of visible PCR product) with low concentrations (1 and 2 mM) of template DNA than their corresponding RAPD markers. Neither the source of Tag nor the type of thermocycler used affected the performance of SCAR and RAPD markers. These data suggest that although SCAR markers may demonstrate enhanced performance over the RAPD markers from which they are derived, careful consideration must be given to both the costs and potential benefits of SCAR marker development in cucumber. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Horejsi, T (reprint author), Asgrow Seed Co, 634 E Lincoln Way Ames, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 124 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 168FT UT WOS:000078681600003 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Leite, DL AF Havey, MJ Leite, DL TI Toward the identification of cytoplasmic male sterility in leek: Evaluation of organellar DNA diversity among cultivated accessions of Allium ampeloprasum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE great-headed garlic; kurrat; chloroplast DNA; mitochondrial DNA ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; OPEN-POLLINATED POPULATIONS; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; S-CYTOPLASM; CEPA L; CHLOROPLAST; ONION; GENE; SEQUENCE AB Hybrid leek is more uniform and higher yielding than open-pollinated cultivars and is presently produced by asexual propagation of a genic male-sterile plant. A cheaper method to produce hybrid leek seed would be a system of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the organellar genomes have correlated with CMS in many crops. We undertook gel-blot analyses of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs to assess cytoplasmic diversity among 62 accessions of the major cultivated forms of Allium ampeloprasum L,. (leek, kurrat, and great-headed garlic). No polymorphisms were detected in the chloroplast genome of leek and kurrat. Three accessions of leek and one of kurrat possessed one or two of seven polymorphic mitochondrial probe-enzyme combinations. Great-headed garlic differed from leek and kurrat for six polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome and for many mitochondrial probe-enzyme combinations. Our analyses revealed few organellar polymorphisms among accessions of leek and kurrat, reducing the probability that selection of polymorphic cytoplasms will reveal CMS in leak. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 124 IS 2 BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 168FT UT WOS:000078681600009 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Pomper, KW AF Grusak, MA Pomper, KW TI Influence of pod stomatal density and pod transpiration on the calcium concentration of snap bean pods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrition; minerals; mineral requirements; green beans; vegetables; human nutrition; bioavailability; health; postharvest; Phaseolus vulgaris ID TRANSPORT; GROWTH; PLANT; TISSUES; PHLOEM AB Understanding the mechanisms that regulate xylem transport of calcium (Ca) to snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L,) pods could allow approaches to enhance pod Ca levels, and thereby improve the value of this food source for humans. Pods of greenhouse-grown plants of 'Hystyle', 'Labrador', 'Tendergreen', 'Green Crop','BBL94', and 'Gold Crop' were examined for stomatal density and rates of pod transpiration throughout pod development. Among pods ranging from 6 to 14 mm in diameter, Ca concentration and pod stomatal density varied inversely with increasing diameter in all cultivars; Ca concentration for pods of a given diameter also varied among cultivars, To assess the influence of pod stomatal density on pod transpiration, water loss was measured from detached pods of 'Hystyle' and 'Labrador', which have high and low pod stomatal densities, respectively. Pod transpiration rates were similar for the two cultivars, being approximate to 15% the rate measured in leaves under equivalent conditions, and comparable to rates of cuticular transpiration measured in leaves with closed stomates, These results suggest that pod stomates have no role, or have only a limited role, in pod transpiration, Pods of 'Hystyle' and 'Labrador' were placed in enclosures that maintained constant high- or low humidity environments throughout pod development. For each cultivar, the high-humidity environment led to lower pod Ca concentrations, demonstrating that pod transpiration does have a significant impact on pod Ca accretion, However,'Hystyle' consistently exhibited higher pod Ca concentrations, relative to 'Labrador', suggesting that differences in xylem sap Ca concentration may have been responsible for cultivar differences in pod Ca concentration. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 124 IS 2 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 168FT UT WOS:000078681600015 ER PT J AU Greenwood, MJ McDowell, JM Waldman, DM Zahniser, SS AF Greenwood, MJ McDowell, JM Waldman, DM Zahniser, SS TI The influence of social programs in source countries on various classes of US immigration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable estimate; migration; pooled data ID UNITED-STATES; PANEL DATA; PARTICIPATION; MIGRATION; SKILLS; MODEL AB This article uses a unique set of pooled cross-sectional and rime series data to examine the annual rate of U.S, immigration during 1972-1991 from 60 source countries. One distinguishing feature of the article is that it breaks out and cross-classifies various classes of immigrants-numerically limited versus numerically exempt and new immigrant versus adjustment of status. A second distinguishing feature is that it utilizes a unique vector of variables relating to the presence and characteristics of various social programs in source countries. The models developed here emphasize the importance of both differential economic advantage and the ease with which a prospective migrant can transfer skills to the U.S. labor market. Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable estimates of the coefficients indicate that in addition to other Factors, social programs in source countries are significant determinants of immigration to the U.S.A. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Econ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Greenwood, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Econ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.greenwood@colorado.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 94 IS 445 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.2307/2669678 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 181TB UT WOS:000079457500006 PM 12155404 ER PT J AU Gordon, RD Salsbury, GA AF Gordon, RD Salsbury, GA TI Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae). IX. A new species from Kansas and Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Aphodius kiowensis, n. sp., from Kansas and the Texas panhandle, is described and illustrated. Its biology and habitat are discussed, as are the species of rodents having Aphodius associates in collecting areas in southern Kansas. The pertinent Kansas habitats and possible biological scenarios are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Gordon, RD (reprint author), No Plains Entomol, Willow City, ND 58384 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 107 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270NJ UT WOS:000084541900008 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR AF Angradi, TR TI Fine sediment and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Appalachian streams: a field experiment with biomonitoring applications SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sediment; macroinvertebrates; biomonitoring; metrics; Chironomidae; Appalachian streams; West Virginia ID SUBSTRATE SIZE; HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION; HEADWATER STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY; INVERTEBRATES; COLONIZATION; MICRODISTRIBUTION; BENTHOS; INSECTS AB Forest management operations may result in above-ambient inputs of fine sediments to streams with consequences for stream biota. A field experiment was conducted at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia to examine the effects of fine sediment on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Fine sediment (<2 mm) was varied between 0 and 30% in 5% increments in otherwise natural substratum mixtures in 0.03-m(2) trays deployed at each of 3 sites along Elklick Run, a 4th-order stream, and allowed to colonize for 5 wk. Macroinvertebrate density (-, sign indicates response to fine sediment), biomass (-), EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) taxa richness (-), the proportion of Ephemeroptera composed of Baetidae (+), and the proportion of chironomids composed of Chironominae (-) and of Orthocladiinae (+) were the most sensitive and reliable metrics. Sediment effects on metrics were generally subtle, even when statistically significant. Ordination and the relative abundance of individual taxa indicated that assemblage structure was altered by treatment, but the shift was generally less than the variation in structure among the 3 sites. Percent organic matter and interstitial velocity were quantified, but did not appear to explain observed responses to treatment. Comparison of assemblages colonizing treatment mixtures with assemblages colonizing natural substratum indicated that most aspects of the experiment were realistic. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were also sampled in 15 local streams, which varied in fine-sediment bed loads, to determine if predictions based on the field experiment were supported at a larger spatial scale. Survey results generally agreed qualitatively with experimental results suggesting that some metrics were robust at a regional scale for physically and geologically similar streams. C1 US Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, NE Expt Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Timber & Watershed Lab, NE Expt Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 66 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 40 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.2307/1468008 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 203AM UT WOS:000080684900005 ER PT J AU Garcia-Conesa, MT Wilson, PD Plumb, GW Ralph, J Williamson, G AF Garcia-Conesa, MT Wilson, PD Plumb, GW Ralph, J Williamson, G TI Antioxidant properties of 4,4 '-dihydroxy-3,3 '-dimethoxy-beta,beta '-bicinnamic acid (8-8-diferulic acid, non-cyclic form) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferulate 98 Meeting CY JUL 08-11, 1998 CL INST FOOD RES, NORWICH, ENGLAND HO INST FOOD RES DE ferulic acid; diferulic acids; 8-8-diferulic acid; antioxidant capacity ID SUGAR-BEET PULP; FERULIC ACID; CELL-WALLS; IDENTIFICATION; DEHYDRODIMERS; DIMERS AB 8-8-Diferulic acid (non-cyclic form) (4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-beta,beta'-bicinnamic acid) was chemically synthesised and the antioxidant properties were assessed using (a) inhibition of ascorbate/iron-induced peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and (b) scavenging of the radical cation of ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonate)) relative to the water-soluble vitamin E analogue, Trolox C. The structure of the chemically synthesised 8-8 dimer was confirmed by H-1-NMR and mass spectrometry. Its absorption properties in ethanol were: lambda(max1): 320nm; lambda(max2): 287nm; lambda(min): 256nm; epsilon(lambda max1) (M(-1)cm(-1)): 14200+/-1700 and epsilon(lambda max2) (M(-1)cm(-1)): 14300+/-1300. The 8-8 dimer showed the best antioxidant properties in the aqueous phase assay among the esterified dimers present in plant cell walls. Like the other ferulic dimers, 8-8-diferulic acid is a better inhibitor of lipid peroxidation than ferulic acid on a molar basis. Some of the factors possibly involved in the antioxidant effect of these compounds are: number of free hydroxyl groups in the molecule, stability of transient radical and partition coefficient. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RI Williamson, Gary/C-9684-2010; Garcia-Conesa, Maria-Teresa/N-4032-2014 OI Williamson, Gary/0000-0002-5624-6267; Garcia-Conesa, Maria-Teresa/0000-0002-4125-853X NR 15 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(19990301)79:3<379::AID-JSFA259>3.0.CO;2-V PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181HN UT WOS:000079436000004 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Ralph, J Grabber, JH AF Hatfield, RD Ralph, J Grabber, JH TI Cell wall cross-linking by ferulates and diferulates in grasses SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferulate 98 Meeting CY JUL 08-11, 1998 CL INST FOOD RES, NORWICH, ENGLAND HO INST FOOD RES DE cell walls; ferulate; diferulates; lignin; cross-linking; grasses ID PHENOLIC-ACIDS; FERULIC ACIDS; ETHER LINKAGE; LIGNIN; ESTERS; WHEAT; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; CYCLODIMERS AB Ferulate polysaccharide esters in grasses enter into free-radical condensation reactions in the cell wall. By radical dimerisation of ferulates, polysaccharide-polysaccharide cross-linking is effected. A range of diferulate isomers are produced, not solely the 5-5'-coupled dimer which has been quantified historically. Both ferulates and diferulates enter lignification reactions and become intimately bound up with the lignin complex. Again, under-quantification is significant since it is not possible to release ferulate or diferulates from some of the structures. Overall, ferulates play a significant role in cell wall development and impact polysaccharide utilisation in grasses. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53707 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53707 USA. NR 29 TC 188 Z9 196 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181HN UT WOS:000079436000009 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Ralph, J AF Hatfield, RD Ralph, J TI Modelling the feasibility of intramolecular dehydrodiferulate formation in grass walls SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferulate 98 Meeting CY JUL 08-11, 1998 CL INST FOOD RES, NORWICH, ENGLAND HO INST FOOD RES DE cell walls; ferulates; diferulate formation; molecular modelling AB Molecular modelling is a useful tool for predicting and visualising molecular interactions, eg providing a means of predicting the feasibility of covalent bond formation between macromolecules. Molecular modelling was used to evaluate the feasibility of intramolecular diferulate formation. Two ferulates were positioned at various locations along the backbone of an arabinoxylan (16 xylose residues) and the optimised structure generated using MM2 parameters. For ferulates separated by several xylose residues, diferulates could only form if the xylan backbone relaxed allowing chain folding to bring the two ferulates within spatial proximity for bonding. In positions that would allow overlap of ferulates, one or both of the ferulates would have to rotate along the xylan backbone for radical coupling. In both cases high-energy barriers prevented the complete rotation to allow bond formation. It therefore seems unlikely that intramolecular dehydrodiferulates form readily within grass cell walls. When two xylose residues separate two arabinose moieties containing ferulate units it is feasible for rotation to a position allowing the formation of the 5-5 linked diferulate with no relaxation of the backbone. This is the only diferulate that can form without bond strain when the ferulates are positioned three xylose residues apart on the same xylan backbone. This suggests restricted positioning of ferulates for 5-5 coupling. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(19990301)79:3<425::AID-JSFA282>3.0.CO;2-U PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 181HN UT WOS:000079436000015 ER PT J AU Glahn, JF Reinhold, DS Smith, P AF Glahn, JF Reinhold, DS Smith, P TI Wading bird depredations on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in northwest Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP; COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS; IMPACT AB We interviewed farm managers about their perceptions of wading bird problems and conducted preliminary surveys of wading bird populations at 67 randomly selected channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus pond complexes in northwest Mississippi during December 1995. At a subsample of 24 complexes and 10 other complexes previously surveyed in 1990, we surveyed wading bird populations bimonthly throughout the year in 1996 and observed great blue herons Ardea herodias and great egrets Arden alba feeding at catfish ponds. Seventy-five percent of farm managers questioned felt that wading birds were causing losses to their fish stocks, and 74% believed the problem was increasing. Consistent with interview results, 88% of the pond complexes surveyed had one or more wading birds present. Despite reported harassment programs by producers, great blue heron densities at 10 complexes previously surveyed in 1990 had increased by more than eightfold in 1996. Great blue heron densities varied with location, season and time of day, but the average 127-ha farm supported about 78 herons and 56 great egrets. Despite similar populations, the potential impact of these two species was quite different. Live catfish, averaging 10.3 cm in length (circa 10 g) comprised only 88 of the egret diet by weight, and most of the fish were obtained from fingerling ponds during periods when these fingerlings may be weakened by the bacterial disease, enteric septicemia of catfish. In contrast, live catfish, averaging 16 cm in length (circa 34 g), comprised 44% of the great blue heron diet by weight. Herons foraged from both fingerling and food fish ponds. primarily in the early morning and evening. Based on average population densities and foraging rates, herons at the average 127-ha farm in northwest Mississippi consumed 114,000 (circa 3,900 kg) catfish, annually. However, further studies are recommended to document production losses. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glahn, JF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00323.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 181QK UT WOS:000079453000012 ER PT J AU Waterstrat, PR Dorr, B Glahn, JF Tobin, ME AF Waterstrat, PR Dorr, B Glahn, JF Tobin, ME TI Recovery and viability of Edwardsiella ictaluri from great blue herons Ardea herodias fed E-ictaluri-infected channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Feeding activities of great blue herons Ardea herodias in catfish ponds during outbreaks of enteric septicemia of catfish have been implicated as a mechanism for the transmission of the disease from infected to uninfected ponds. Although Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent, has been identified in gastrointestinal tracts of great blue herons, the role of these birds as a vector of E. ictaluri is not well documented. The potential of these birds to contaminate catfish ponds with E. ictaluri was investigated by feeding captive herons over a 4-d period with catfish fingerlings injected intraperitoneally with live E. ictaluri. Daily fecal samples, throat and rectal swabs, and feather samples were collected, cultured and examined for E. ictaluri using both a selective media and a monoclonal indirect fluorescent antibody test specific for E. ictaluri. Gastrointestinal tracts sampled at the conclusion of the feeding trial were similarly examined. While E, ictaluri was detected using the indirect Fluorescent antibody test, no viable E. ictaluri was cultured from either feces, gastrointestinal tracts or feathers. Growth of E. ictaluri was not observed at 40 C, the rectal temperature observed in captive great blue herons. Prior incubation at 40 C suppressed the growth of E. ictaluri at 24 C, an optimal temperature for growth of this bacterium. These results indicate that great blue herons appear to play little or no role in the transmission of E. ictaluri among catfish ponds. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Waterstrat, PR (reprint author), Maine Dept Marine Resources, POB 8, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00324.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 181QK UT WOS:000079453000013 ER PT J AU Crawford, TB Li, H O'Toole, D AF Crawford, TB Li, H O'Toole, D TI Diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever by PCR using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LONG-TERM STORAGE; ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; VIRUS; SHEEP; RUMINANTS; ANTIBODY; FIXATION; AMPLIFICATION; CATTLE AB A previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (amplification of a 238-bp fragment of ovine herpesvirus 2 [OHV-2] genomic DNA) fur diagnosis of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was adapted fur use on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Variables affecting its use were examined. Archived tissues from cattle, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and bison (Bison bison) diagnosed with MCF by clinical signs or histologic lesions were obtained from 2 veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Tissues from healthy animals and from animals diagnosed with other common bovine viral diseases were examined as controls. A total of 86 blocks from 37 suspect MCF cases were examined. Forty-one blocks from healthy animals and animals with unrelated viral diseases were examined as controls. The assay was specific for sheep-associated MCF and did not yield false-positive signals from healthy animals or from cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea, mucosal disease, or parainfluenza-3 virus infection. A wide variety of tissues were suitable substrates, including spleen, lymph node, intestine, brain, lung, and kidney. Extracted DNA provided a more suitable target than did unextracted tissue lysate. The highest levels of viral DNA were present in lymphoid organs and intestine, but the data indicate that in acute clinical cases, most organs contain sufficient viral DNA to serve as a suitable diagnostic specimen. Fixation of 0.5-cm(3) blocks of tissue in 10% neutral buffered formalin was deleterious to the target DNA, and PCR signals progressively diminished after fixation for >45 days. Detection of genomic DNA of OHV-2 by PCR was successful for archived tissues that were 15 years old. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Crawford, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 172MQ UT WOS:000078928700001 PM 10098680 ER PT J AU Hua, YP Li, H Crawford, TB AF Hua, YP Li, H Crawford, TB TI Quantitation of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever viral DNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PCR DETECTION; RUMINANTS; AGENT; ASSAY AB A single-step, competitive polymerase chain reaction technique was developed to quantitate sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) viral DNA. The assay employed coamplification of a fixed quantity of target DNA with graded amounts of a competitor, generated by truncation of the target sequence lying between the 2 primer binding sites. The assay yielded a linear response (r = 0.98) for DNA measurement within the range of 30-300,000 copies. Amplification efficiency analysis by coamplification of target and competitor in equal copy numbers for various numbers of cycles showed that the relative abundance of the coamplified products remained constant with increasing cycle numbers up to 40. Reproducibility was assessed by repetitively assaying a set of blind-coded samples from a variety of animals and tissues. Results indicated that the assay is reliable and reproducible for quantitation of SA-MCF viral DNA in samples from asymptomatically infected sheep and from animals with clinical SA-MCF. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hua, YP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 172MQ UT WOS:000078928700002 PM 10098681 ER PT J AU Jensen, AE Cheville, NF Thoen, CO MacMillan, AP Miller, WG AF Jensen, AE Cheville, NF Thoen, CO MacMillan, AP Miller, WG TI Genomic fingerprinting and development of a dendrogram for Brucella spp. isolated from seals, porpoises, and dolphins SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAIN RB51; DIFFERENTIATION; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; MELITENSIS; CHROMOSOME; ABORTUS; GENUS; BISON AB Genomic DNA from reference strains and biovars of the genus Brucella was analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fingerprints were compared to estimate genetic relatedness among the strains and to obtain information on evolutionary relationships. Electrophoresis of DNA digested with the restriction endonuclease XbaI produced fragment profiles for the reference type strains that distinguished these strains to the level of species. Included in this study were strains isolated from marine mammals. The PFGE profiles from these strains were compared with those obtained from the reference strains and biovars. Isolates from dolphins had similar profiles that were distinct from profiles of Brucella isolates from seals and porpoises. Distance matrix analyses were used to produce a dendrogram Biovars of B. abortus were clustered together in the dendrogram; similar clusters were shown for biovars of B. melitensis and for biovars of B, suis. Brucella ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae differed from each other and from B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. The relationship between B. abortus strain RB51 and other Brucella biovars was compared because this strain has replaced B. abortus strain 19 for use as a live vaccine in cattle and possibly in bison and elk. These results support the current taxonomy of Brucella species and the designation of an additional genomic group(s) of Brucella. The PFGE analysis in conjunction with distance matrix analysis was a useful tool for calculating genetic relatedness among the Brucella species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FAO, WHO, Ctr Brucellosis Ref & Res, OIE Brucellosis Ref Lab,Cent Vet Lab, Weybridge, Surrey, England. USN, Command Control Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Jensen, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 172MQ UT WOS:000078928700008 PM 10098687 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Adams, LG Ficht, TA Cheville, NF Payeur, JP Harley, DR House, C Ridgway, SH AF Miller, WG Adams, LG Ficht, TA Cheville, NF Payeur, JP Harley, DR House, C Ridgway, SH TI Brucella-induced abortions and infection in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Brucella delphini; abortion; placentitis; zoonosis ID ABORTUS; LOCUS; CETACEANS; MAMMALS; CANADA; HUMANS; SEALS; GOATS; GENE AB Two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) aborted fetuses that died as a result of Brucella infection. Brucella placentitis occurred in both cases. Infected placenta and vaginal/uterine fluids may transmit Brucella species to other cetaceans. In a third case, an identical organism was cultured from lung necropsy tissue of an adult female T. truncatus. Microbiology, specific polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results supported the designation of an additional genomic group(s), Brucella delphini, for isolates adapted to T. truncatus. Current serologic diagnostic tests reliable for known Brucella species are unreliable in detecting dolphin brucellosis. Our findings, together with previous reports, suggest that dolphin brucellosis is a naturally occurring disease that can adversely impact reproduction in cetaceans. The zoonotic significance of cetncean brucellosis is unknown, although the disease has not been reported in people who have frequent contact with dolphins. Further studies. on the zoonotic aspects, distribution, prevalence, virulence, and impact of this disease in cetaceans and other marine mammal species are needed. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, VS, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USDA, VS, APHIS, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D352,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 35 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 194QU UT WOS:000080205700015 PM 10367651 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RJ Lightfield, AR AF Maxwell, RJ Lightfield, AR TI An improved method for efficient predevelopment washing of HPTLC plates SO JPC-JOURNAL OF PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY-MODERN TLC LA English DT Article DE plate cleaning; immersion; ascending development; methanol; vapor phase fluorescence ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AB We have previously developed a methanol-based immersion prewashing technique for silica gel HPTLC plates to remove contaminants that interfered with quantitation of certain classes of antibiotic The procedure yielded adsorbent surfaces significantly cleaner than those prewashed by ascending development. Subsequent to that report, however, tests revealed that some trace-level residues remained on the plates after prewashing by immersion. In this study an alternative approach to the direct-immersion washing technique was developed to minimize surface contamination further, or to eliminate it. Plates from four suppliers were first washed by ascending development with methanol, dried, and then washed by immersion in the same solvent. Surface residues remaining on the plates were visualized by fluoro- and UV densitometry. The improved, two-step ascending development-immersion prewashing technique yielded adsorbent layers that were essentially free from surface contamination, an essential requirement when residues at the ppb level and below are analyzed by this means. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Maxwell, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HUNGARICA KIADO KFT PI BUDAPEST PA WESSELENYI U 28, H-1075 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0933-4173 J9 JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT JI JPC-J. Planar Chromatogr.-Mod. TLC PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 206AB UT WOS:000080852900002 ER PT J AU Gray, SM Banerjee, N AF Gray, SM Banerjee, N TI Mechanisms of arthropod transmission of plant and animal viruses SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS; MEDIATED APHID TRANSMISSION; POTYVIRUS HELPER COMPONENT; PROTEIN READTHROUGH DOMAIN; YELLOW DWARF LUTEOVIRUS; SPOTTED WILT VIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; MYZUS-PERSICAE AB A majority of the plant-infecting viruses and many of the animal-infecting viruses are dependent upon arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts and/or as alternative hosts. The viruses have evolved specific associations with their vectors, and we are beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms that regulate the vints transmission process. A majority of plant viruses are carried on the cuticle lining of a vector's mouthparts or foregut. This initially appeared to be simple mechanical contamination, but it is now known to be a biologically complex interaction between specific virus proteins and as yet unidentified vector cuticle-associated compounds. Numerous other plant viruses and the majority of animal viruses are carried within the body of the vector These viruses have evolved specific mechanisms to enable them to be transported through multiplet tissues and to evade vector defenses. In response, vector species have evolved so that not all individuals within a species are susceptible to virus infection or can serve as a competent vector. Not only are the virus components of the transmission process being identified, but also the genetic and physiological components of the vectors which determine their ability to be used successfully by the virus are being elucidated. The mechanisms of arthropod-virus associations are many and complex, but common themes are beginning to emerge which may allow the development of novel strategies to ultimately control epidemics caused by arthropod-borne viruses. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 334 Plant Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM SMG3@Cornell.edu NR 172 TC 153 Z9 169 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 128 EP + PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 173VA UT WOS:000078999400005 PM 10066833 ER PT J AU Bobowski, BR Hole, D Wolf, PG Bryant, L AF Bobowski, BR Hole, D Wolf, PG Bryant, L TI Identification of roots of woody species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bud banks; disturbance ecology; PCR-RFLP; rbcL; species identification; succession ID CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION; SUCCESSION; BANK; MECHANISMS; PLANTS; FOREST; RBCL AB Within the last two decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding seedbank dynamics and the contribution of the soil seed bank to a postdisturbance plant community. There has been relatively little progress, however, in understanding perennial bud-bank dynamics and the contribution of the soil bud bank to secondary succession. This lack of information is due primarily to the inability to reliably identify roots, rhizomes and lignotubers that lie dormant beneath the soil surface. This investigation addressed the issue of identification of below-ground woody structures. The first objective was to develop a method that used molecular tools to identify woody plant species from subsoil tissue samples. The second objective was to develop a key in which molecular markers served as criteria for the identification and differentiation of selected tree and shrub species common to the mountains of northeast Oregon and southeast Washington. Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified rbcL appears to be a reliable method to identify and differentiate 15 plants to the genus level. Two restriction enzymes, DpnII and HhaI, provided restriction site polymorphisms in the PCR product. The fragment number and length were used to develop an identification key. However, plants not analysed in this 'exploratory key' might share the same banding patterns, resulting in a false identification of unknowns. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Hole, D (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008; Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181; Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 485 EP 491 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00603.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 184WY UT WOS:000079637800014 ER PT J AU Bills, S Podila, GK Hiremath, S AF Bills, S Podila, GK Hiremath, S TI Genetic engineering of an ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor for use as a biological control agent SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biological control; ectomycorrhizal fungi; genetic engineering; insect resistance; plant health ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; BINDING; MARKER AB Mie are developing genetically engineered ectomycorrhizal fungi for use as biological control agents. Using the gold particle bombardment technique, we transformed Laccaria bicolor; an ectomycorrhizal fungus capable of forming ectomycorrhizae on a wide range of plant hosts. Structural gene sequences of the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene (hygromycin resistance for selection of transformants), beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (reporter gene for tracking transformants) and Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin (BtCryIIIA) gene (Coleopteran specific insecticidal gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var tenebrionis) were introduced into L. bicolor simultaneously Southern and western blot analyses showed that the introduced sequences were inserted into the fungal genome and transcribed and translated. One of the transformants produced the insecticidal toxin; however, the levels were not sufficient to perform toxicity assays. The technique developed can be employed to generate superior strains of L. bicolor suitable for use as biological control agents in various soil and plant conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Hiremath, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.2307/3761368 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179GC UT WOS:000079317100003 ER PT J AU Gams, W Klamer, M O'Donnell, K AF Gams, W Klamer, M O'Donnell, K TI Fusarium miscanthi sp nov from Miscanthus litter SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gibberella; litter bag; morphology; new species; phylogeny; rDNA ID FUNGAL AB Fusarium miscanthi sp, nov. was isolated from straw of Japanese silver grass, Miscanthus sinensis, buried in a Danish soil. It is characterized by long chains of microconidia which can be either pyriform or fusiform and are produced on polyphialides. Perithecia were not obtained in mating experiments. A strongly supported F. miscanthi-F nisikadoi clade forms a putative sister group to the Fusarium oxysporum complex. These two clades form a strongly supported sister group to the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. Presumably F. miscanthi has been introduced into Denmark from Asia together with the grass. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3740 AG Baarn, Netherlands. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Mycol, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gams, W (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, POB 273, NL-3740 AG Baarn, Netherlands. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.2307/3761371 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179GC UT WOS:000079317100006 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Corneli, S Hjelle, JT Miller-Hjelle, MA Nowak, DM Bonneau, PA AF Peterson, SW Corneli, S Hjelle, JT Miller-Hjelle, MA Nowak, DM Bonneau, PA TI Penicillium pimiteouiense: a new species isolated from polycystic kidney cell cultures SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fungi; polycystic kidney disease; rDNA; systematics; Trichocomaceae ID OCHRATOXIN; MICROCOMPUTER; DISEASE AB As part of a study of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), epithelial cells were isolated and propagated from cyst walls of human kidneys obtained at nephrectomy. A Penicillium species was found growing with the epithelial cells in some culture flasks. It was monoverticillate and somewhat resembled P. restrictum but differed morphologically from this and all other Penicillium species. Two strains of this fungus were isolated in pure culture and described as the new species Penicillium pimiteoauiense. Ochratoxin A production was not detected in P. pimiteouiense. The role, if any, that this fungus plays in polycystic kidney disease is not known. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61605 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM speterson@sunca.ncaur.usda.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.2307/3761372 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179GC UT WOS:000079317100007 ER PT J AU Schroers, HJ Samuels, GJ Seifert, KA Gams, W AF Schroers, HJ Samuels, GJ Seifert, KA Gams, W TI Classification of the mycoparasite Gliocladium roseum in Clonostachys as C-rosea, its relationship to Bionectria ochroleuca, and notes on other Gliocladium-like fungi SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE Ascomycota; Hypocreales; natural system; Nectria; phylogeny; perithecial wall; Rhopalocladium; Roumegueriella; systematics ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; SYSTEMATICS; GENUS; BIOCONTROL; PHYLOGENY; VERTICILLIUM; TRICHODERMA; HYPOCREALES; GENERA AB Because the common soil fungus and mycoparasite Gliocladium roseum differs from the type species of Gliocladium, G. peniclllioides, in morphology ecology, teleomorph, and DNA sequence data, it is classified in a separate genus, Clonostachys. Penicillium roseum is the oldest available name for G. roseum and is recombined as C. rosea. Penicillium roseum described from potato in Germany, is neotypified by a conidial isolate originating from a fungal substratum in European soil. By choosing this strain as neotype for P. roseum the epithet is formally linked to the common soil fungus used in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens. The anamorph of Bionectria ochroleuca (Hypocreales) is morphologically indistinguishable from C. rosea; both morphs are redescribed. Bionectria is generically distinct from Nectria s. s. and is the appropriate genus for species of the Nectria ochroleuca group. The anamorph genus Gliocladium s. s. is associated with teleomorphs in Sphaerostilbella and Hypocrea series Pallidae. With the separation of Clonostachys from Gliocladium and Bionectria from Nectria the generic classification reflects natural relationships. A generic circumscription is proposed for Clonostachys and compared with Gliocladium. Nectriopsis sporangiicola and Roumegueriella rufula are related to Bionectria but have distinct Gliocladium-like anamorphs. Based on morphological features, Rhopalocladium myxophilum gen. et sp. nov. is proposed for the anamorph of N. sporangiicola. The anamorph of Roumegueriella rufula is generally found in association with the teleomorph and is referred to as Gliocladium-like. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3740 AG Baarn, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Schroers, HJ (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, POB 273, NL-3740 AG Baarn, Netherlands. EM info@cbs.knaw.nl NR 101 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 34 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 365 EP 385 DI 10.2307/3761383 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179GC UT WOS:000079317100018 ER PT J AU Castlebury, LA Carris, LM AF Castlebury, LA Carris, LM TI Tilletia walkeri, a new species on Lolium multiflorum and L-perenne (vol 91, pg 121, 1999) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Correction DE karnal bunt; ryegrass; smut fungi; Tilletiaceae; Ustilaginales ID KARNAL BUNT; TELIOSPORE GERMINATION; WHEAT; INDICA AB Tilletia walkeri (Ustilaginales: Tilletiaceae) is described as a new species of partial bunt infecting Lolium multiflorum, annual ryegrass, and L. perenne, perennial ryegrass in the United States and Australia, respectively. The new species is characterized by large, tuberculate teliospores with the exospore ornamentation comprised of incompletely cerebriform ridges in surface view. Teliospores of T. walkeri are compared with those of T. indica and other similar species of Tilletia, and the issue of Neovossia versus Tilletia is discussed. A key is provided to smuts known to occur on species of Lolium. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Castlebury, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lisa@nt.ars-grin.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 416 EP + PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 179GC UT WOS:000079317100023 ER PT J AU Wright, SF Upadhyaya, A AF Wright, SF Upadhyaya, A TI Quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity by the glomalin concentration on hyphal traps SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE hyphae; protein; Gigaspora gigantea; Glomus intraradices; Glomus caledonium ID PROTEIN AB Strips of horticultural film (16-32 cm(2)) were used to trap extraradical hyphae emanating from roots of sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Staph] enclosed in 40-mu m mesh bags and colonized by Gigaspora rosea FL 224-1, Glomus intraradices EY 113/114, or Glomus caledonium UK 301-1, Strips of film were placed at opposite sides of 17-21 replicate sand culture pots for each isolate and were removed after 12-14 weeks of plant growth. To extract glomalin, a strip was cut into small pieces and submerged in 2 ml of 20 mM citrate, pH 7.0 and then autoclaved for 60 min. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected 0.005-0.04 mu g glomalin in the volume of extract tested. The Bradford protein assay detected 1.25-5 mu g of protein in the volume of extract tested. Both assays gave results ranging from 5-40 mu g glomalin/cm(2) of film. Protein assay values were correlated with ELISA values (r=0.6091, P less than or equal to 0.001, n=118). Analysis of variance indicated that isolates differed in Bradford protein values (P=0.001), but not ELISA values (P=0.154). Spatial variability of glomalin deposition ca. 7 cm from roots on opposite sides of pots was indicated by significant paired T tests (P<0.05) for protein values for each of the three isolates and ELISA for two isolates, These results indicate that hyphal traps, Bradford protein assay and ELISA are useful to assess hyphal activity over a growing season. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wright, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 5 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s005720050247 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 178MQ UT WOS:000079270100009 ER PT J AU Lewandrowski, J Ingram, K AF Lewandrowski, J Ingram, K TI Policy considerations for increasing compatibilities between agriculture and wildlife SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED OWL; CONSERVATION; RECREATION; BENEFITS; WEST AB Implicit in efforts to increase the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat associated with U.S. agricultural lands is the notion that society would benefit if farmers and ranchers allocated more land and water resources to wild species. Farmers and ranchers, however, generally have a limited ability to capture the economic value of wildlife goods and services produced on agricultural lands. As a result, wildlife impacts are only partially reflected in most farm land-use decisions. Where market conditions and government farm programs do not provide for the socially optimal mix of wildlife goods and services, policy actions aimed at protecting or enhancing wildlife on agricultural lands may be justified. To be successful, such policies must provide for the basic biological requirements of desired species and habitats and account for the economic considerations that affect producers' resource-use decisions. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Lewandrowski, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 229 EP 269 PG 41 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 279LK UT WOS:000085045100003 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Horton, KM Bowman, DD AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Horton, KM Bowman, DD TI Development of Sarcocystis falcatula in cell cultures demonstrates that it is different from Sarcocystis neurona SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis falcatula; Sarcocystis neurona; coccidia; schizonts; merozoites; cell culture ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; PSITTACINE BIRDS; OPOSSUMS; TRANSMISSION; AGENT; HOST AB The development of Sarcocystis falcatula merozoites in bovine turbinate (BT) cell cultures is described and compared with development of Sarcocystis neurona merozoites. Merozoites of S. falcatula entered BT cell cultures and increased in size until 3 days post-inoculation when the nucleus of some merozoites developed lobes. Developing schizonts present at 4 days contained a lobed nucleus or appeared multinucleate. A single mature schizont was observed 4 days p.i. Schizonts were numerous 5 and 6 days p.i. Merozoites were produced from blastophores on the schizont. S. neurona merozoites developed to mature schizonts by 3 days p.i. in BT cells and a residual body was often present. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that S. falcatula merozoites possessed more micronemes than did S. neurona merozoites. Our study demonstrates that S. falcatula and S. neurona are not the same parasite. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 118 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1017/S003118209800376X PN 3 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 176YG UT WOS:000079179500002 PM 10205798 ER PT J AU Ludwig, DS Majzoub, JA Al-Zahrani, A Dallal, GE Blanco, I Roberts, SB AF Ludwig, DS Majzoub, JA Al-Zahrani, A Dallal, GE Blanco, I Roberts, SB TI High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE glycemic index; obesity; dietary carbohydrate; diets; insulin ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; LOW-FAT DIETS; INSULIN RESPONSES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; MEAL FREQUENCY; STARCHY FOODS; SATIETY; GLUCOSE; CHILDREN AB Objective. The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the role of dietary composition in body weight regulation remains unclear. The purpose of this work was to investigate the acute effects of dietary glycemic index (GI) on energy metabolism and voluntary food intake in obese subjects. Methods. Twelve obese teenage boys were evaluated on three separate occasions using a crossover study protocol. During each evaluation, subjects consumed identical test meals at breakfast and lunch that had a low, medium, or high GI. The high- and medium-GI meals were designed to have similar macronutrient composition, fiber content, and palatability, and all meals for each subject had equal energy content. After breakfast plasma and serum concentrations of metabolic fuels and hormones were measured. Ad libitum food intake was determined in the 5-hour period after lunch. Results. Voluntary energy intake after the high-GI meat (5.8 megajoule [mJ]) was 53% greater than after the medium-GI meal (3.8 mJ), and 81% greater than after the low-GI meal (3.2 mJ). In addition, compared with the low-GI meal, the high-GI meal resulted in higher serum insulin levels, lower plasma glucagon levels, lower postabsorptive plasma glucose and serum fatty acids levels, and elevation in plasma epinephrine. The area under the glycemic response curve for each test meal accounted for 53% of the variance in food intake within subjects. Conclusions. The rapid absorption of glucose after consumption of high-GI meals induces a sequence of hormonal and metabolic changes that promote excessive food intake in obese subjects. Additional studies are needed to examine the relationship between dietary GI and long-term body weight regulation. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ludwig, DS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 M01 RR 02172, M01 RR 02635]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K08 DK 02440] NR 52 TC 246 Z9 250 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 3 AR e26 DI 10.1542/peds.103.3.e26 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 173BB UT WOS:000078960100019 PM 10049982 ER PT J AU Estiarte, M Penuelas, J Kimball, BA Hendrix, DL Pinter, PJ Wall, GW LaMorte, RL Hunsaker, DJ AF Estiarte, M Penuelas, J Kimball, BA Hendrix, DL Pinter, PJ Wall, GW LaMorte, RL Hunsaker, DJ TI Free-air CO2 enrichment of wheat: leaf flavonoid concentration throughout the growth cycle SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; ELEVATED CO2; UV-B; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NUTRIENT BALANCE; N AVAILABILITY; WATER-USE; NITROGEN; LEAVES AB To test the predictions that plants will have a larger flavonoid concentration in a future world with a CO2-enriched atmosphere, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) was grown in a field experiment using FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) technology under two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration: ambient (370 pmol mol(-1)) and enriched (550 pmol mol(-1)), and under two levels of irrigation: well-watered (100% replacement of potential evapotranspiration) and half-watered. We also studied the effects of CO2 on the concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and nitrogen (N), two parameters hypothesized to be linked to flavonoid metabolism. Throughout the growth cycle the concentration of isoorientin, the most abundant flavonoid, decreased by 62% (from an average of 12.5 mg g(-1) on day of year (DOY) 41 to an average of 4.8 mg g(-1) on DOY 123), whereas the concentration of tricin, another characteristic flavone, increased by two orders of magnitude (from an average of 0.007 mg g(-1) of isoorientin equivalents on DOY 41 to an average of 0.6 mg g(-1) of isoorientin equivalents on DIOY 123). Although flavonoid concentration was dependent on growth stage, the effects of treatments on phenology did not invalidate the comparisons between treatments. CO2-enriched plants had higher flavonoid concentrations (14% more isoorientin, an average of 7.0 mg g(-1) for ambient CO2 vs an average of 8.0 mg g(-1) for enriched CO2), higher TNC concentrations and lower N concentrations in upper canopy leaves throughout the growth cycle. Well-irrigated plants had higher flavonoid concentrations (11% more isoorientin, an average of 7.1 mg g(-1) for half watered vs an average of 7.9 mg g(-1) for well-watered) throughout the growth cycle, whereas the effect of irrigation treatments on TNC and N was more variable. These results are in accordance with the hypotheses that higher carbon availability promoted by CO2-enrichment provides carbon that can be invested in carbon-based secondary compounds such as flavonoids. The rise in atmospheric CO2 may thus indirectly affect wheat-pest relations, alter the pathogen predisposition and improve the UV-B protection by changing flavonoid concentrations. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Ctr Recerca Ecol & Aplicac Forestals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Estiarte, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, Ctr Recerca Ecol & Aplicac Forestals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Estiarte, Marc/G-2001-2016 OI Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Estiarte, Marc/0000-0003-1176-8480 NR 51 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 18 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 105 IS 3 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105306.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 189JB UT WOS:000079900400006 ER PT J AU Peng, CW Bartelt, RJ Weiss, MJ AF Peng, CW Bartelt, RJ Weiss, MJ TI Male crucifer flea beetles produce an aggregation pheromone SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation pheromone; crucifer; Phyllotreta cruciferae ID COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CROPS C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, No Reg Res Ctr, Peoria, IL USA. RP Weiss, MJ (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 98 EP 99 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.1999.00113.x PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171WP UT WOS:000078887400014 ER PT J AU Manners, GD Hasegawa, S AF Manners, GD Hasegawa, S TI A new normal phase liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of limonoids in Citrus SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE limonoids; Citrus; Fortunella; chemotaxonomy; Citrus hybrids; high performance liquid chromatography ID LIMONIN; JUICES; SEEDS; IMMUNOASSAY AB A normal phase, gradient, analytical high performance Liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of a broad range of neutral limonoids which are present in Citrus seeds. The method features high sensitivity, Kith better specificity and resolution of limonoids than a previous normal phase method. The chromatographic media is 5 mu spherical silica and employs a gradient mixture of cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. The method is applied to the separation of limonoids present in seeds from representative species of Citrus and Fortunella and from seeds of tao Citrus/Fortunella hybrids. Analytical results of these seed samples reveal limonoid patterns of parent and progeny which indicate the potential of the method to define limonoid profiles in Citrus for use as a chemotaxonomic tool to aid plant breeders and taxonomists. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Manners, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199903/04)10:2<76::AID-PCA439>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 182GB UT WOS:000079489900005 ER PT J AU Kinloch, BB Dupper, GE AF Kinloch, BB Dupper, GE TI Evidence of cytoplasmic inheritance of virulence in Cronartium ribicola to major gene resistance in sugar pine SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pinus lambertiana ID BLISTER RUST; FUNGI; DSRNA AB Tests for Mendelian segregation of virulence and avirulence in Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust, to a major gene (R) for resistance in sugar pine were made using haploid basidiospore progenies from single diploid telia as inoculum on resistant genotypes. The telia were sampled from a small deme in the Siskyou Mountains of northern California, where a few mature sugar pines known to be Rr genotypes had become infected after withstanding the chronic blister rust epidemic for several decades and where intermediate frequencies of virulence in the ambient basidiospore population were subsequently measured. Infection type on inoculated seedlings with R was qualitative: all progenies of 81 single telia tested over 3 different years were either virulent (compatible) or avirulent (inducing hypersensitive necrosis), never a mixture of both reactions. The complete absence of heterozygotes in the telia population is strong evidence that virulence is not controlled by a nuclear gene. The data are consistent with earlier tests showing that basidiospore inoculum derived from aeciospores isolated from infected Rr trees produced mostly (<90%) virulent reactions on R- seedlings. The evidence indicates that transmission of virulence is uniparental via the cytoplasm of aeciospores. Exchange of spermatia between haploid thalli does not appear to be involved. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Kinloch, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.3.192 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 173AW UT WOS:000078959600001 PM 18944758 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Line, RF AF Chen, XM Line, RF TI Recessive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in barley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare L.; race-specific resistance ID STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE; WHEAT CULTIVARS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; YR4 LOCI; INHERITANCE; RACES AB Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F-1, F-2, and F-3 progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American F1 striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, 15, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. in tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, 15, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, Pi 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.3.226 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 173AW UT WOS:000078959600006 PM 18944763 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Ammar, K Chen, DD AF Banowetz, GM Ammar, K Chen, DD TI Postanthesis temperatures influence cytokinin accumulation and wheat kernel weight SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; endosperm; zeatin; zeatin riboside ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; SEED-GERMINATION; WINTER-WHEAT; HEAT-STRESS; 2 CULTIVARS; QUALITY AB High temperatures during reproductive development alter kernel development and reduce yield and quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Understanding how temperature alters kernel formation will help the development of genetic approaches to enhance heat tolerance in this cereal, A relationship between kernel development and postanthesis cytokinin accumulation is well documented, but the effect of temperature on this relationship is not known. This study quantified the effects of a postanthesis temperature treatment (7 d at 35/25 degrees C day/night) on kernel development and cytokinin accumulation in a soft white winter wheat (c.v. Stephens). Kernels from control plants maintained at 25/15 degrees C accumulated zeatin, dihydrozeatin and their corresponding 9-ribosides from 1 to 4 d postanthesis, Postanthesis kernel cytokinin accumulation was reduced by 50-80% by the temperature treatment. Kernel cytokinin content in control plants declined to baseline by 5 d postanthesis and remained at that level. Kernels from treated plants had a secondary peak of cytokinin accumulation 6-8 d after anthesis, This treatment significantly reduced kernel weight. The magnitude of the effect on kernel number was smaller than on kernel weight, but was statistically significant. Reduced kernel weight was accompanied by reduced cytokinin accumulation. Exogenous cytokinins did not mitigate the temperature effects on kernel weight, but at the highest concentrations, did reduce the effect on kernel number. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00411.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 217VR UT WOS:000081520100009 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Grisham, MP Burner, DM Legendre, BL Wei, Q AF Pan, YB Grisham, MP Burner, DM Legendre, BL Wei, Q TI Development of polymerase chain reaction primers highly specific for Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal bacterium of sugarcane leaf scald disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AGENT; POLYMORPHISMS AB New primers were developed that greatly improved the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. Length-polymorphic PCR products, amplified under the current PCR protocol from the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) of X. albilineans and three unidentified sugarcane saprophytic bacterial species, were cloned and sequenced. Fourteen other nonredundant ITS sequences retrieved from the database were highly homologous to the sequence of X. albilineans. Two X. albilineans-specific PCR primers, namely, PGBL1 (5' CTT TGG GTC TGT AGC TCA GG) and PGBL2 (5' GCC TCA AGG TCA TAT TCA GC), were designed based on a multiple sequence alignment among these 18 sequences. These two primers permitted specific PCR amplification of a 288-bp DNA product from all 71 diverse X. albilineans strains tested. No amplification product was observed from any other bacterial species tested, including the three unidentified sugarcane saprophytes. The new PCR protocol has been routinely used to detect the leaf scald pathogen from infected sugarcane tissues. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 83 IS 3 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.3.218 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 170NJ UT WOS:000078811900003 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Cotty, PJ AF Bock, CH Cotty, PJ TI The relationship of gin date to aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed in Arizona SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PINK BOLLWORM; HARVEST DATE; BOLLS; YIELD; SEED AB During 1995 and 1996, a commercial gin in western Arizona ginned seed cotton on a field-by-field basis. Seed from each field was kept separate until sampled and analyzed for aflatoxin content according to Arizona Commercial Feed Law. This gave a comprehensive view of field-to-field variability in aflatoxin content as the season progressed. Regression analysis indicated significant relationships between gin date and aflatoxin content in both years: aflatoxin increased with later ginnning. Overall, 89 and 79% of seed lots exceeded 20 ppb in 1995 and 1996, respectively. No field ginned after Julian Day (JD) 273 in 1995 or after JD 267 in 1996 had an aflatoxin content <20 ppb. Means separation confirmed later ginned crops bad significantly greater aflatoxin content (P = 0.05). In 1996, transgenic Bt and non-Bt cottonseed were similarly contaminated. Mean aflatoxin content of Bt cottonseed in 1996 was 413 ppb and that of non-Br cottonseed was 598 ppb. These observations suggest that, in Arizona, losses from aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed can be reduced by early harvest. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 83 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.3.279 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 170NJ UT WOS:000078811900014 ER PT J AU Coelho, L Chellemi, DO Mitchell, DJ AF Coelho, L Chellemi, DO Mitchell, DJ TI Efficacy of solarization and cabbage amendment for the control of Phytophthora spp. in North Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea var. capitata; chloropicrin; nonchemical control; organic amendment ID F-SP CONGLUTINANS; SOIL SOLARIZATION; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOILBORNE PESTS; DISEASES; ROOT; RESIDUES; GROWTH; POLYETHYLENE; PATHOGENS AB The effects of soil solarization with or without cabbage leaf amendments on the survival of Phytophthora spp, were evaluated in several North Florida soils. Soil temperature under solarization treatments reached a maximum of 47 degrees C at a 10-cm depth, but only 41 degrees C at 25 cm. Solarization with a clear, gas-impermeable film was as effective as methyl bromide in reducing populations of P. nicotianae at a 10-cm depth but had no effect on populations at a depth of 25 cm. Populations of P. capsici after solarization with either a clear, low-density polyethylene or a clear, gas-impermeable film were similar to methyl bromide treatment at the IO-cm depth, while at the 25-cm depth, no reduction in populations was observed. Incorporation of cabbage into the soil at a rate of 6.6 to 8.9 kg/m(2) did not enhance the effectiveness of solarization in reducing populations of either Phytophthora sp. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Coelho, L (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 83 IS 3 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.3.293 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 170NJ UT WOS:000078811900016 ER PT J AU Rapparini, F Cohen, JD Slovin, JP AF Rapparini, F Cohen, JD Slovin, JP TI Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in Lemna gibba studied using stable isotope labeled anthranilate and tryptophan SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE auxin; duckweed; indolic metabolism; metabolic compartmention; stable isotopes ID METABOLISM; COMPARTMENTATION; SELECTION; PATHWAY AB IAA biosynthesis in many plants, including Lemna gibba, has been shown to involve at least two different pathways, one from tryptophan and a tryptophan-independent route. To study the kinetics of IAA biosynthesis in Lemna, we simultaneously measured the incorporation of label from [N-15]-anthranilate and [H-2(5)]-tryptophan into IAA by Lemna plants in short term feeding studies. The data show that label from anthranilate rapidly goes into IAA and tryptophan. Labeling of the IAA pool by [N-15]-anthranilate slightly precedes labeling of the tryptophan pool, confirming that more than one route to IAA exists in these plants. Longer term feeding studies (5-25 h) suggest that exogenous tryptophan is used preferentially to label IAA as compared to tryptophan made by the plant. This is indicated by the fact that the IAA pool was more enriched than the tryptophan pool in [H-2(5)]-label, but less enriched than the tryptophan pool in [N-15] (which comes about by de novo synthesis of tryptophan from [N-15]-anthranilate by the plant). C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CNR, Ist Ecofisiol Piante Arboree Frutto, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1006191502391 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 200XZ UT WOS:000080566700001 ER PT J AU Woo, YM Itaya, A Owens, RA Tang, L Hammond, RW Chou, HC Lai, MMC Ding, B AF Woo, YM Itaya, A Owens, RA Tang, L Hammond, RW Chou, HC Lai, MMC Ding, B TI Characterization of nuclear import of potato spindle tuber viroid RNA in permeabilized protoplasts SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT; TOBACCO PROTOPLASTS; PROTEIN IMPORT; HIGHER-PLANTS; VIRUS-RNA; EXPORT; CELLS; ACTIN; RAN AB Most viroids replicate in the nuclei of infected plant cells. Nuclear import of the incoming RNA thus represents a key control point for establishment of a systemic infection. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which viroids are transported into the nucleus. We have characterized nuclear import of infectious, fluorescein-labeled potato spindle tuber viroid (F-PSTVd) in permeabilized tobacco BY2 cells. Import was observed for F-PSTVd but not for mRNA fragments of the same size or two viroids believed to replicate in the chloroplasts. Import of F-PSTVd was inhibited by addition of a 10-fold excess of nonfluorescent PSTVd but not by similar amounts of control RNAs. Import was not inhibited by pre-incubation with GTP-gamma S or GDP-beta-S, however. Disruption of microtubules and actin filaments with oryzalin or cytochalasin D did not inhibit F-PSTVd import. Taken together, our results indicate that (i) PSTVd possesses a sequence and/or structural motif for nuclear import and (ii) the import is a cytoskeleton-independent process that is mediated by a specific and saturable receptor. Insensitivity to GTP-gamma-S and GDP-beta-S treatment suggests that PSTVd import is not coupled to Ran GTPase cycle, which mediates nuclear transport of many proteins and nucleic acids. To our knowledge, our studies are the first to examine the mechanisms of nuclear transport of RNA in plants. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Ding, B (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Lai, Michael Ming-Chao/I-7001-2012 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00412.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 186XD UT WOS:000079755400004 ER PT J AU O'Mahony, PJ Oliver, MJ AF O'Mahony, PJ Oliver, MJ TI Characterization of a desiccation-responsive small GTP-binding protein (Rab2) from the desiccation-tolerant grass Sporobolus stapfianus SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE desiccation tolerance; differential display; GTP-binding; Rab2; Sporobolus stapfianus ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; XEROPHYTA-SCABRIDA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; DROUGHT STRESS; LEAVES; DEHYDRATION; PYRAMIDALIS; REHYDRATION; IDENTIFICATION AB We have used differential display to detect altering mRNA levels in response to desiccation and rehydration in leaves of the desiccation tolerant grass Sporobolus stapfianus. One of the RT-PCR products identified was used to isolate a cDNA of 999 bp which encodes a protein of 210 amino acids (predicted size 23 kDa). This protein displays considerable sequence similarity to mammalian and plant Rab2, a small GTP-binding protein, possessing several conserved motifs common to these regulatory proteins. Sporobolus Rab2 was expressed in Escherichia coli yielding a protein with an apparent molecular mass of ca. 30 kDa which was shown to have the ability to bind GTP. Rab2 transcript accumulated early in response to a decrease in relative water content (RWC) and remained high even in dried leaves. Rehydration of desiccated leaves resulted in a decrease in levels within 3 h of rewetting, with a brief increase at ca. 12 h. Accumulation of Rab2 transcript was also evident during drying and rehydration of the roots of S. stapfianus, as well as in leaves of the desiccation-sensitive grass Sporobolus pyramidalis. Earlier work on S. stapfianus concluded that the plant hormone ABA has little effect on inducing desiccation tolerance, however Rab2 transcript does exhibit a small increase in accumulation in response to exogenous ABA. A possible role for Rab2 with respect to desiccation tolerance and damage repair is discussed. C1 ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Rte 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 4 BP 809 EP 821 DI 10.1023/A:1006183431854 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 193YZ UT WOS:000080166500016 PM 10350094 ER PT J AU Trepp, GB van de Mortel, M Yoshioka, H Miller, SS Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Trepp, GB van de Mortel, M Yoshioka, H Miller, SS Samac, DA Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI NADH-glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. Genetic regulation and cellular expression SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; AMMONIA ASSIMILATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SYNTHETASE GENE; HIGHER-PLANTS; 2 ISOENZYMES; PURIFICATION AB NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) is a key enzyme in primary nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules. Here we report that in alfalfa, a single gene, probably with multiple alleles, encodes for NADH-GOGAT. In situ hybridizations were performed to assess the location of NADH-GOGAT transcript in alfalfa root nodules. In wildtype cv Saranac nodules the NADH-GOGAT gene is predominantly expressed in infected cells. Nodules devoid of bacteroids (empty) induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti 7154 had no NADH-GOGAT transcript detectable by in situ hybridization, suggesting that the presence of the bacteroid may be important for NADH-COGAT expression. The pattern of expression of NADH-GOGAT shifted during root nodule development. Until d 9 after planting, all infected cells appeared to express NADH-GOGAT. By d 19, a gradient of expression from high in the early symbiotic zone to low in the late symbiotic zone was observed. In 33-d-old nodules expression was seen in only a few cell layers in the early symbiotic zone. This pattern of expression was also observed for the nifH transcript but not for leghemoglobin. The promoter of NADH-GOGAT was evaluated in transgenic alfalfa plants carrying chimeric beta-glucuronidase promoter fusions. The results suggest that there are at least four regulatory elements. The region responsible for expression in the infected cell zone contains an 88-bp direct repeat. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ETH Zurich, Inst Pflanzenwissensch, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Nagoya Univ, Plant Pathol Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 817 EP 828 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.817 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000002 PM 10069821 ER PT J AU Trepp, GB Plank, DW Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Trepp, GB Plank, DW Gantt, JS Vance, CP TI NADH-glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. Immunocytochemical localization SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; AMMONIA ASSIMILATION; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; IMMUNOGOLD LOCALIZATION; NATURAL SENESCENCE; SYNTHETASE GENES; SOYBEAN NODULES; 2 ISOENZYMES; LEAF BLADES AB In root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), N(2) is reduced to NH(4)(+) in the bacteroid by the nitrogenase enzyme and then released into the plant cytosol. The NH(4)(+) is then assimilated by the combined action of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and NADH-dependent Glu synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) into glutamine and Glu. The alfalfa nodule NADH-GOGAT protein has a 101-amino acid presequence, but the subcellular location of the protein is unknown. Using immunocytochemical localization, we determined first that the NADH-GOGAT protein is found throughout the infected cell region of both 19- and 33-d-old nodules. Second, in alfalfa root nodules NADH-GOGAT is localized predominantly to the amyloplast of infected cells. This finding, together with earlier localization and fractionation studies, indicates that in alfalfa the infected cells are the main location for the initial assimilation of fixed N(2). C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Pflanzenwissensch, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 66 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 829 EP 837 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.829 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000003 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JS Harper, JE Hoffman, TK Bent, AF AF Schmidt, JS Harper, JE Hoffman, TK Bent, AF TI Regulation of soybean nodulation independent of ethylene signaling SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; L CV SPARKLE; INHIBITOR AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GOVERNING NODULATION; RESTORE NODULATION; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ROOT; NITRATE; MUTANT AB Leguminous plants regulate the number of Bradyrhizobium- or Rhizobiom-infected sites that develop into nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Ethylene has been implicated in the regulation of nodule formation in some species, but this role has remained in question for soybean (Glycine max). The present study used soybean mutants with decreased responsiveness to ethylene, soybean mutants with defective regulation of nodule number, and Ag+ inhibition of ethylene perception to examine the role of ethylene in the regulation of nodule number. Nodule numbers on ethylene-insensitive mutants and plants treated with Ag+ were similar to those on wild-type plants and untreated plants, respectively. Hypernodulating mutants displayed wild-type ethylene sensitivity. Suppression of nodule numbers by high nitrate was also similar between ethylene-insensitive plants, wild-type plants, and plants treated with Ag+ Ethylene insensitivity of the roots of etr1-1 mutants was confirmed using assays for sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and for ethylene-stimulated root-hair formation. Additional phenotypes of etr1-1 roots were also characterized. Ethylene-dependent pathways regulate the number of nodules that form on species such as pea and Medicago truncatula, but our data indicate that ethylene is less significant in regulating the number of nodules that form on soybean. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bent, AF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Bent, Andrew/E-5391-2016 OI Bent, Andrew/0000-0001-6610-9525 NR 53 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 951 EP 959 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.951 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000014 ER PT J AU Reverdatto, S Beilinson, V Nielsen, NC AF Reverdatto, S Beilinson, V Nielsen, NC TI A multisubunit acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase from soybean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIN-CONTAINING SUBUNIT; COA CARBOXYLASE; A CARBOXYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CARRIER PROTEIN; CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNITS; CHLOROPLAST ENZYME; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PEA-CHLOROPLASTS; GENE AB A multisubunit form of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACCase) from soybean (Glycine max) was characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. The four known components that constitute plastid ACCase are biotin carboxylase (BC), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and the alpha- and beta-subunits of carboxyltransferase (alpha- and beta-CT). At least three different cDNAs were isolated from germinating soybean seeds that encode BC, two that encode BCCP, and four that encode alpha-CT. Whereas BC, BCCP, and LU-CT are products of nuclear genes, the DNA that encodes soybean beta-CT is located in chloroplasts. Translation products from cDNAs for BC, BCCP, and alpha-CT were imported into isolated pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts and became integrated into ACCase. Edman microsequence analysis of the subunits after import permitted the identification of the amino-terminal sequence of the mature protein after removal of the transit sequences. Antibodies specific for each of the chloroplast ACCase subunits were generated against products from the cDNAs expressed in bacteria. The antibodies permitted components of ACCase to be followed during fractionation of the chloroplast stroma. Even in the presence of 0.5 M KCI, a complex that contained BC plus BCCP emerged from Sephacryl 400 with an apparent molecular mass greater than about 800 kD. A second complex, which contained alpha- and beta-CT, was also recovered from the column, and it had an apparent molecular mass of greater than about 600 kD. By mixing the two complexes together at appropriate ratios, ACCase enzymatic activity was restored. Even higher ACCase activities were recovered by mixing complexes from pea and soybean. The results demonstrate that the active form of ACCase can be reassembled and that it could form a high-molecular-mass complex. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nielsen, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 56 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 961 EP 978 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.961 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000015 PM 10069834 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Mithofer, A Pfeffer, PE Kraus, C Spickers, N Hotchkiss, A Ebel, J Keister, DL AF Bhagwat, AA Mithofer, A Pfeffer, PE Kraus, C Spickers, N Hotchkiss, A Ebel, J Keister, DL TI Further studies of the role of cyclic beta-glucans in symbiosis. An ndvC mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesizes cyclodecakis-(1 -> 3)-beta-glucosyl SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; PLANT DEFENSE; PHYTOALEXIN GLYCEOLLIN; SYNTHESIS LOCUS; ELICITORS; INFECTION; SYNTHASE AB The cyclic beta-(1 --> 3),beta-(1 --> 6)-D-glucan synthesis locus of Brady-rhizobium japonicum is composed of at least two genes, ndvB and ndvC. Mutation in either gene affects glucan synthesis, as well as the ability of the bacterium to establish a successful symbiotic interaction with the legume host soybean (Glycine max). B. japonicum strain AB-14 (ndvB::Tn5) does not synthesize P-glucans, and strain AB-1 (ndvC::Tn5) synthesizes a cyclic beta-glucan lacking beta-(1 --> 6)-glycosidic bonds. We determined that the structure of the glucan synthesized by strain AB-1 is cyclodecakis-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucosyl, a cyclic beta-(1 --> 3)-linked decasaccharide in which one of the residues is substituted in the 6 position with beta-laminaribiose. Cyclodecakis-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucosyl did not suppress the fungal P-glucan-induced plant defense response in soybean cotyledons and had much lower affinity for the putative membrane receptor protein than cyclic beta-(1 --> 3),beta-(1 --> 6)-glucans produced by wild-type B. japonicum. This is consistent with the hypothesis presented previously that the wild-type cyclic p-glucans may function as suppressors of a host defense response. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind@wam.umd.edu NR 51 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1064 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.1057 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000025 PM 10069844 ER PT J AU Hays, DB Wilen, RW Sheng, CX Moloney, MM Pharis, RP AF Hays, DB Wilen, RW Sheng, CX Moloney, MM Pharis, RP TI Embryo-specific gene expression in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus. An interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonic acid SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL JASMONATE; FREEZING TOLERANCE; LIPOXYGENASE GENE; SEED-GERMINATION; HIGH OSMOTICUM; WATER DEFICIT; PLANTS; PROTEIN; INHIBITION; INDUCTION AB The induction of napin and oleosin gene expression in Brassica napus microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) was studied to assess the possible interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Napin and oleosin transcripts were detected sooner following treatment with ABA than JA. Treatment of MDEs with ABA plus JA gave an additive accumulation of both napin and oleosin mRNA, the absolute amount being dependent on the concentration of each hormone. Endogenous ABA levels were reduced by 10-fold after treatment with JA, negating the possibility that the observed additive interaction was due to JA-induced ABA biosynthesis. Also, JA did not significantly increase the uptake of [H-3-ABA] from the medium into MDEs. This suggests that the additive interaction was not due to an enhanced carrier-mediated ABA uptake by JA. Finally, when JA was added to MDEs that had been treated with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, napin mRNA did not increase. Based on these results with the MDE system, it is possible that embryos of B. napus use endogenous JA to modulate ABA effects on expression of both napin and oleosin. In addition, JA could play a causal role in the reduction of ABA that occurs during late stages of seed development. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Hays, DB (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Dept Agron, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.1104/pp.119.3.1065 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 175PA UT WOS:000079102000026 ER PT J AU Watada, AE Qi, L AF Watada, AE Qi, L TI Quality of fresh-cut produce SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fresh-cut; fruits; quality; vegetables ID LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE; STORAGE; CARROTS; SURFACE; SLICES; DISCOLORATION; COATINGS; ROMAINE; LETTUCE; APPLE AB Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are highly perishable due to damaged and exposed tissues and lack of protective skin. Disorders arising from processing can be minimized by the use of sharp cutting tools, enzymatic browning inhibitors, modified atmospheres and low temperatures. High quality can be maintained by selecting produce at proper maturity and controlling deterioration with low temperatures and modified atmospheres. By recognizing and controlling factors that have a deteriorative effect on quality, good quality fresh-cut product with sufficient shelf-life can be attained. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watada, AE (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, USDA ARS Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 168 Z9 182 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00085-4 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 181EE UT WOS:000079427400003 ER PT J AU Abbott, JA AF Abbott, JA TI Quality measurement of fruits and vegetables SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruits; quality measurement; quality-related attributes; vegetables ID DELAYED LIGHT-EMISSION; NEAR-INFRARED TRANSMITTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SUGAR CONTENT; NONDESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION; FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT; AROMATIC VOLATILES; CHILLING INJURY; DRY-MATTER AB To investigate and control quality, one must be able to measure quality-related attributes. Quality of produce encompasses sensory attributes. nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Instrumental measurements are often preferred to sensory evaluations in research and commercial situations because they reduce variations in judgment among individuals and can provide a common language among researchers. industry and consumers. Essentially, electromagnetic (often optical) properties relate to appearance, mechanical properties to texture, and chemical properties to flavor (taste and aroma). Instruments can approximate human judgments by imitating the way people test the product or by measuring fundamental properties and combining those mathematically to categorize the quality. Only people can judge quality, but instruments that measure quality-related attributes are vital for research and for inspection. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Abbott, JA (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 112 TC 337 Z9 374 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 207 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00086-6 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 181EE UT WOS:000079427400004 ER PT J AU Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK AF Mattheis, JP Fellman, JK TI Preharvest factors influencing flavor of fresh fruit and vegetables SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flavor; fruit; perception; preharvest factors; vegetable ID VOLATILES; APPLES; VARIETIES; QUALITY AB Perception of fruit and vegetable flavor is a composite of sensory responses in the nose and mouth to aroma and taste. A diverse array of fruit and vegetable constituents including acids, sugars, volatiles and many other compounds individually elicit sensory responses that are recognized in total as flavor. Accumulation of these compounds during development as well as dynamic changes during ripening and/or senescence are determined in large part by the genetics of each species as well as developmental stage at harvest. However, other factors that influence development prior to harvest subsequently impact flavor. For horticultural crops, environment, cultural practices, agrichemicals and nutrition are some of the factors impacting flavor through effects on plant development. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 43 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00087-8 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 181EE UT WOS:000079427400005 ER PT J AU Hogsette, JA Wilson, HR AF Hogsette, JA Wilson, HR TI Effects on commercial broiler chicks of constant exposure to ultraviolet light from insect traps SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; fly traps; mortality; weight gain; feed conversion ID GROWTH AB Constant exposure of newly hatched Avian x Avian broilers to ultraviolet light from insect traps for 42 d resulted in no significant differences in mortality, weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion, Birds were exposed to greater intensities of ultraviolet light for longer periods than could be expected under commercial conditions, Although house flies are rarely a problem in broiler houses, our results indicate that insect traps with ultraviolet light as an attractant would not be detrimental to production of broilers. The need for additional testing of light traps for nuisance fly control in commercial broiler houses is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol Res, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Dairy & Poultry Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hogsette, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol Res, POB 14566, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 78 IS 3 BP 324 EP 326 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 171VV UT WOS:000078885500003 PM 10090256 ER PT J AU Donoghue, AM AF Donoghue, AM TI Prospective approaches to avoid flock fertility problems: Predictive assessment of sperm function traits in poultry SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE male reproduction; semen quality; fertility; sperm; concentration ID PERIVITELLINE LAYER; SPERMATOZOA; EGGS; PENETRATION; STORAGE; NUMBERS; HENS; MOTILITY; QUALITY; MALES AB This paper discusses why it is important to evaluate males as individuals and how advances made in understanding and measurement of sperm function can be used to improve reproductive efficiency in poultry. Commercial turkey breeding relies on pooling semen from multiple toms. It generally is assumed that sperm in good quality semen from all toms are equally fecund. (Fecund is defined, for males, as an individual whose semen contains a majority of sperm with the potential of producing fertilized eggs, which includes success at all steps in the fertilization process: sperm movement, storage in the hens' sperm storage tubules, binding and penetrating the perivitelline layer, and fertilization.) However, when DNA fingerprinting was used to determine paternity efficiency after pooling ejaculates from seven or more toms, it was found that 18 of 26 males produced very few, or no, offspring. In addition, the traditional measures of poultry semen quality: semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm viability, and subjective motility assessment, were poor predictors of paternity. In recent years, a concentrated effort has been made to develop and evaluate methods that quantify sperm function in poultry. Methods to measure some of these traits are reviewed: sperm motility, sperm storage in the hen, and sperm binding and penetration of the ovum. Data supporting use of these tools for managing flock fertility from the male perspective are explored. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donoghue, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 78 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 171VV UT WOS:000078885500020 PM 10090272 ER PT J AU Means, JE Acker, SA Harding, DJ Blair, JB Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Harmon, ME McKee, WA AF Means, JE Acker, SA Harding, DJ Blair, JB Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Harmon, ME McKee, WA TI Use of large-footprint scanning airborne lidar to estimate forest stand characteristics in the Western Cascades of Oregon SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CANOPY COVER; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE HEIGHT; LASER DATA; BIOMASS; GROWTH; VOLUME; RADAR AB A scanning lidar, a relatively one type of sensor which explicitly measures canopy height, was used to measure structure of conifer forests in the Pacific Northwest. SLICER (Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery), an airborne pulsed laser developed by NASA which scans a swath of five 10-m diameter footprints along the aircraft's flightpath, captures the power of the reflected laser pulse as a function of height from the top of thr: canopy to the ground. Ground measurements of forest stand structure were collected oz 26 plots with coincident SLICER data. Height, basal area, total biomass, and leaf biomass as estimated from field data could be predicted from SLICER-derived metrics with r(2) values of 0.95, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. These relationships were strong zip to a height of 52 m, basal area of 132 m(2)/ha and total biomass of 1300 Mg/ha. In light of these strong relationships, large-footprint, airborne scanning lidar shows promise for characterizing stand structure for management and research purposes. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1999. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ackers@fsl.orst.edu RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Harding, David/F-5913-2012 NR 62 TC 312 Z9 338 U1 11 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00091-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 164PL UT WOS:000078472700004 ER PT J AU Wergin, WP Rango, A Erbe, EF AF Wergin, WP Rango, A Erbe, EF TI Observations of rime and graupel using low temperature scanning electron microscopy SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Hydrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200046 ER PT J AU Boylston, EK Rice, T Hruska, Z AF Boylston, EK Rice, T Hruska, Z TI Microscopy of cotton fiber development and textile finishing SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. FEI Philips Co, Hillsboro, OR USA. RP Boylston, EK (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 112 EP 113 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200073 ER PT J AU Wood, DF Orts, WJ Yu, PC Glenn, GM AF Wood, DF Orts, WJ Yu, PC Glenn, GM TI Starch-based particles: The effect of processing conditions and on microstructure and end-use SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wood, DF (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 114 EP 115 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200076 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Wood, DF Yu, PC Orts, WJ AF Glenn, GM Wood, DF Yu, PC Orts, WJ TI Effect of fiber and processing conditions on the physical and structural properties of starch-based foams SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200077 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, H Berry, BW Eastridge, JS Solomon, MB AF Zuckerman, H Berry, BW Eastridge, JS Solomon, MB TI Microstructure changes in connective tissue of bovine semimembranosus muscle caused bg hydrodynamic shock waves SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Zuckerman, H (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200095 ER PT J AU Tang, HV Chen, W Pring, DR AF Tang, HV Chen, W Pring, DR TI Mitochondrial orf107 transcription, editing, and nucleolytic cleavage conferred by the gene Rf3 are expressed in sorghum pollen SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic male sterility; mitochondria; sorghum; RNA editing ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; FERTILITY RESTORATION; INITIATION SITES; MAIZE; ATP6 AB Restoration of male fertility in the A3, IS1112C source of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in sorghum is exacted in a gametophytic manner. One required nuclear gene, Rf3, regulates a nucleolytic transcript processing activity, cleaving sequences internal to the chimeric mitochondrial open reading frame orf107. We examined mitochondrial transcription, RNA editing, and action of Rf3 in developing pollen from a male-sterile line, the progenitor, a male-fertile line, and the fertile F1 to determine if these expression processes were manifested at the haploid pollen stage. Steady-state levels of orf107 transcripts and nucleolytic processing conferred by Rf3 were similar to observations from leaves, indicating comparable expression in pollen. RNA editing frequency at two of three sites in orf107 was differentially suppressed compared to leaves, but editing was higher in male-sterile plants than in fertile plants, consistent with the possibility that nucleolytic cleavage is enhanced by editing. The differential suppression of editing frequency at two sites in orfl07 contrasts with near-complete editing of a third site in orf107, shared with atp9, indicating that factors influencing editing frequency of the chimeric transcript are temporally regulated and sequence-specific. Since action of the nuclear gene Rf3 is manifested at the diploid and haploid stages, pollen-specific expression of this fertility restoration gene is not required in the A3 gametophytic ems system. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pring, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s004970050171 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 187ZW UT WOS:000079819900007 ER PT J AU Khan, MF Anderson, DM Nutkani, MI Butt, NM AF Khan, MF Anderson, DM Nutkani, MI Butt, NM TI Preliminary results from reseeding degraded Dera Ghazi Khan rangeland to improve small ruminant production in Pakistan SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pakistan; rangeland; forage species; reseeding; sheep and goat; behavior ID SHEEP AB Thatta Leghari rangeland in the Dera Ghazi Khan district of Pakistan covers an area of 1004 ha. Its topography is undulating, soil is calcareous and low in organic matter and supports a native standing crop of mainly unpalatable herbaceous vegetation. Due to uncontrolled grazing the range has degraded from its productive potential. Between 1992 and 1993 the native range (1004 ha) was not grazed. Then in 1992 and 1993, a 600 ha area was reseeded with two introduced grasses, Gorkha (Lasiurus sindicus) and Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Forage production on both the reseeded and native range was measured in 1992 and 1993 at the end of the growing season during October. Weather during these 2 years reflected the long term mean conditions with respect to temperature and distribution of precipitation. The reseeded area produced 10 times (4000 kg/ha) more forage than the native range (425 kg/ha) in 1992 and more than twice the forage (1250 kg/ha vs 534 kg/ha) in 1993, a year with 37 mm less total rainfall. Proximate analysis of the forage harvested in 1993 was determined for both treatments. Buffel grass was higher in crude protein (7.8%) than Gorkha (6.2%) and chimber (5.9%; Eleusine flagellifera) a native grass. The native shrub, lana (Salsola foetida) had a higher energy value, 2.7 Mcal/kg, than all of the other species. Daily goat and sheep diets consisted of 51% and 32% shrub, respectively, with grasses comprising the remainder. Forbs composed 35% of the sheep diet whereas, shrubs (51%) dominated the goat diets on the reseeded rangeland. Liveweight gain differed (p<0.05) between goats (34 g/day) and sheep (14 g/day), These preliminary results indicate that reseeding may be an important intervention for Pakistan rangeland improvement, for improving nutrition for small ruminants. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Natl Agr Res Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Taunsa, Dera Ghaz I Khan, Pakistan. RP Khan, MF (reprint author), Natl Agr Res Ctr, Inst Anim Sci, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 32 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00157-6 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 180TM UT WOS:000079401300006 ER PT J AU Aldy, JE Kramer, RA Holmes, TP AF Aldy, JE Kramer, RA Holmes, TP TI Environmental equity and the conservation of unique ecosystems: An analysis of the distribution of benefits for protecting southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; ecosystems; environmental equity; spruce-fir forests ID POLITICS; JUSTICE AB Some critics in the environmental equity literature argue that low-income populations disproportionately have environmental risks while the wealthy and better educated gain disproportionately from protecting unique ecosystems. We test this hypothesis in an analysis of the decline of southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. We calculate willingness-to-pay measures for forest protection through a contingent valuation survey. Survey respondents consider spruce-fir forest protection to be a normal good (income elasticity: 0.421). Education does not influence willingness to pay. In an assessment of willingness to pay scaled by income, we found that income has a negative effect, implying that as income increases, willingness to pay as a percentage of income decreases. Education weakly influences willingness to pay in this assessment. Given the substantial existence and bequest values associated with these forests, these results substantiate our rejection of the hypothesis that conserving this unique ecosystem only benefits the wealthy and better educated. C1 Execut Off President, Council Econ Advisers, Washington, DC 20502 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. USDA ARS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Aldy, JE (reprint author), Execut Off President, Council Econ Advisers, Room 319,Old Execut Off Bldg, Washington, DC 20502 USA. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1080/089419299279777 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 175NV UT WOS:000079101300001 ER PT J AU Veldkamp, E Davidson, E Erickson, H Keller, M Weitz, A AF Veldkamp, E Davidson, E Erickson, H Keller, M Weitz, A TI Soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen oxide emissions along a pasture chronosequence in the humid tropics of Costa Rica SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; DYNAMICS; FLUX AB Our objectives were: (1) to measure how N(2)O and NO emissions from a chronosequence of forested land converted to pastures in the humid tropics of Costa Rica had changed in 4 yr, and (?) to relate these emissions to indices of N availability. We observed lower mean N(2)O (11.9 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)) and NO (3.5 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)) emissions from pastures in 1996 compared to 1992 (N(2)O, 39.9 ng N cm(-2) h(-1); NO: 5.8 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)). Even so, N(2)O emissions in recently formed pastures (13.8 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)) were still higher than previously measured emissions from forests (7.0 ng N cm(-2) h(-1)). Indices of N cycling, such as net N mineralization, nitrification potential, and extractable soil nitrate, decreased with pasture age, which we attributed to a decrease in substrate availability. Denitrification enzyme activity did not change significantly with pasture age, indicating that denitrification occurs at least sporadically at all sites and the presence of denitrifying enzymes is not as strongly linked to N availability as is the presence of nitrifying enzymes. There were no significant correlations between N(2)O and NO emissions and indices of N cycling. While this may indicate that the processes are not closely related, we believe that sampling of nitrogen oxide emissions in 1996 was inadvertently biased towards exceptionally dry soil conditions. This sampling bias limited the probability of observing large nitrogen oxide emissions associated with episodic denitrification. Results from chronosequence studies should be interpreted with caution especially for variables which depend on local weather conditions at time of measurement. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Metropolitana, Dept Sci & Technol, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Veldkamp, E (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Soil Sci & Forest Nutr, Busgenweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM eveldka@gwdg.de RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00141-2 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179DN UT WOS:000079310500008 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Haney, RL Hons, FM AF Franzluebbers, AJ Haney, RL Hons, FM TI Relationships of chloroform fumigation-incubation to soil organic matter pools SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; BIOCIDAL TREATMENTS; FOREST SOILS; MINERALIZABLE CARBON; ACID SOILS; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; ZERO-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; METABOLISM; CULTIVATION AB Microbial biomass is part of the active pool of soil organic matter that plays focal roles in decomposition of organic materials, nutrient cycling and biophysical manipulation of soil structure. We compared two commonly used variants of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in their relationships with other active, passive and total soil C and N pools in soils from Texas, Georgia, Alberta and British Columbia. The relationship of potential C mineralization with chloroform fumigation-incubation without subtraction of a control was much stronger (r(2) = 0.81 +/- 0.10 among five data sets with a total of 844 observations) than with subtraction of a control (r(2) = 0.30 +/- 0.22). Similarly, the relationship of soil organic C with chloroform fumigation-incubation without subtraction of a control was better (r(2) = 0.80 +/- 0.13) than with subtraction of a control (r(2) = 0.38 +/- 0.32). Relationships of net N mineralization, flush of N following fumigation-incubation, flush of CO2-C during the first day following rewetting of dried soil, particulate organic C and N, mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregation and total porosity with chloroform fumigation-incubation were also better without subtraction of a control than with subtraction of a control. In analyses of data taken from published reports, chloroform fumigation-incubation without subtraction of a control was better related with active soil C pools than with subtraction of a control. Chloroform fumigation-incubation without subtraction of a control, unlike that with subtraction of a control, should be considered a more robust method to determine microbial biomass under a wide range of environmental conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 55 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00142-4 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179DN UT WOS:000079310500009 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Swan, JB AF Jaynes, DB Swan, JB TI Solute movement in uncropped ridge-tilled soil under natural rainfall SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEM; NITRATE MOVEMENT; WATER; TRANSPORT; FERTILIZER; ATRAZINE; TRACERS; FIELD AB Point injection of N fertilizers within the ridge of ridge-tilled soils has shown promise in reducing nitrate leaching in short-term rainfall simulation studies, but it has not been studied under natural rainfall throughout the growing season. At two uncropped locations, we measured the leaching of tracers injected into different ridge positions in established ridge-tilled plots that were leached by natural rainfall, A point injector was used to inject conservative anionic tracers 100 mm below the soil surface every 38.1 mm along ridge-top, ridge-shoulder, and furrow positions. Movement of tracers was measured four times after tracer application by triplicate soil sampling with a 38.1-mm-diam, soil probe to a maximum depth of 1.22 m, Sample collection spanned a period of 102 d with 282 mm of cumulative precipitation after tracer application at the Boone site and 97 d with 314 mm of precipitation at the Treynor site. Mass recoveries of furrow-applied tracer was significantly lower (P = 0.05) than ridge-applied tracer on the last two sampling dates at both sites, There was no consistent difference in mass recoveries between tracers applied at ridge top compared with shoulder positions. Furrow-applied tracer had lower concentrations in the soil profile than tracers applied to ridge-top and shoulder positions after 40 d and 76 to 129 mm of precipitation. Tracer movement was essentially vertical below the ridges, with greater than or equal to 96% of the recovered ridge-applied tracer found below the ridges. Lateral spreading was more pronounced under the furrows, with greater than or equal to 49% of the recovered furrow-placed tracer found below the furrows. Fertilizer injection within the ridge shows promise for reducing leaching and potentially increasing nutrient availability to plants. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 194NM UT WOS:000080200500002 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Langdale, GW Schomberg, HH AF Franzluebbers, AJ Langdale, GW Schomberg, HH TI Soil carbon, nitrogen, and aggregation in response to type and frequency of tillage SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ZERO-TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; POOLS AB Little information exists on the biogeochemical effects of combining no-tillage planting with paraplowing (to improve deep water penetration) or with secondary tillage (to control weeds). We determined surface residue and soil C and N pools (total, particulate, microbial biomass, and mineralizable) and water-stable aggregation at depths of 0 to 25, 25 to 75, and 75 to 150 mm from a Cecil sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic: Typic Kanhapludults) in Georgia. Soil tillage treatments were a factorial arrangement of tillage type [(i) minimal disturbance with in-row chisel at planting, (ii) no-tillage planting with autumn paraplow, and (iii) no-tillage planting with secondary tillage during the summer] and tillage frequency [(i) every year, (ii) every second year, and (iii) every fourth year]. No-tillage planting without further disturbance occurred in remaining years. At a depth of 0 to 25 mm, basal soil respiration averaged 9 mg kg(-1) d(-1) with conventional tillage, 27 mg kg(-1) d-' with no-tillage planting and soil disturbance every year, and 36 mg kg(-1) d(-1) with no-tillage planting and soil disturbance every fourth gear. At a depth of 0 to 150 mm, mean-weight diameter averaged 1.03 mm with conventional tillage, 1.12 mm with paraplow, 1.17 mm with secondary tillage, and 1.23 mm with in-row chisel. No-tillage planting with alternative tillage types and frequencies not only improved surface soil properties compared with conventional tillage, but also improved seed cotton yield all average of 19%, Biophysical improvement of surface soil structure would presumably lead to greater water infiltration and improved water use efficiency in the long term. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RI 黄, 宝同/E-6579-2010 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 194NM UT WOS:000080200500012 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Webster, JA Kindler, SD AF Elliott, NC Webster, JA Kindler, SD TI Developmental response of Lysiphlebus testaceipes to temperature SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; REQUIREMENTS; PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; SORGHUM AB The number of days required for development of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) from egg to adult emergence from the aphid mummy was measured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 degrees C, respectively, using the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), as the parasite's host. The threshold temperature for development was 6.6 degrees C (SE = 0.33), while the degree-day requirement for development was 170 DD (SE = 14.5). The threshold temperature of L. testaceipes was 3.5 degrees C higher than the average of threshold temperatures of other aphidiid parasitoids of cereal aphids for which published estimates are available, and 1.8 degrees C higher than the highest threshold temperature reported for these species. The degree-day requirement for development of L. testaceipes was 100 DD lower than the average degree-day requirement for other aphidiid cereal aphid parasitoids. C1 ARS, USDA, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197FB UT WOS:000080353400001 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Lee, JH Kindler, SD AF Elliott, NC Lee, JH Kindler, SD TI Parasitism of several aphid species by Aphelinus asychis (Walker) and Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HYMENOPTERA; REQUIREMENTS; WASHINGTON; RECOVERY; RELEASE AB Aphelinus asychis (Walker) and A. albipodus Hayat and Fatima from locations in Asia and Africa (hereafter referred to as strains) were tested for their abilities to develop from egg to mummy and from mummy to adult stages in 16 common aphid species. Strains of A. asychis from China, Kazakhstan, and Morocco developed to the mummy stage in 15, 14, and 15 aphid species, respectively. There was no difference in mean adult emergence rate between strains. An ordinal rating system of none, low, and high was used to compare the extent of mummy formation among strains. Mummy formation ratings were significantly correlated for comparisons of strains from China and Kazakhstan (r = 0.68) and China and Morocco (r = 0.63), but not for strains from Kazakhstan and Morocco (r = 0.40). Correlations of ratings for strains from proximate geographical locations were no larger than for strains from more widely separated locations. There was no difference in mean adult emergence rate among strains of A. albipodus from China (Altai, Pingluo, and Urumqi) and Caucasus (Buddenousk). Strains from Altai, Urumqi, Pingluo, and Buddenousk developed to the mummy stage in 13, 12, 12, and 10 species, respectively. Mummy formation ratings for all pairs of strains were significantly correlated. The largest correlation, 0.83, was for the comparison of the Urumqui and Altai strains, which were closest together geographically. The smallest correlations, ranging from 0.45-0.60, were for comparisons involving the most distant (Buddenousk) strain with Chinese strains. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197FB UT WOS:000080353400002 ER PT J AU Flint, HM Parks, NJ AF Flint, HM Parks, NJ TI Seasonal infestation by pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), of transgenic and non-transgenic cultivars of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in central Arizona SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Bells from transgenic cotton, NuCOTN 33 (Delta and Pine Land Co, Scott, MS) or Paymaster 1560 BG (Paymaster Cotton, Lubbock, TX) containing the Bollgard(TM) gene (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO) were compared to parental non-transgenic cultivars DPL-5415 and Paymaster 1560 in central Arizona in 1996 and 1997. Bells were collected from paired transgenic and non-transgenic fields in Queen Creek, Buckeye, Gila Bend, Maricopa, Marana, and Eloy. Approximately equal numbers of bolls were collected from the edges of each field on a weekly to biweekly schedule from July through October. One collection only was made in October at Marana (1996, 1997) and Eloy (1997). Infestations of pink bollworms were less than 10% in all fields through August in both years. Infestations increased to 100% in several non-transgenic fields in October. Infestations of pink bollworms found in transgenic cultivars were less than 1% in all fields except for a single field in 1997 where 6.1 pink bollworms per 100 bolls were found. Overall percentage pink bollworm infested bolls for 1996 was 0.0004% in transgenic cultivars (n = 33,350 bolls) compared with 34.19% in non-transgenic cultivars (n = 33,850 bolls). In 1997 the percentages were 0.0038% in transgenic cultivars (n = 36,650 bolls) including 61 pink bollworms from 1000 bolls in field pair G compared with 48.32% (n = 35,100 bolls). From these numbers it is apparent that pink bollworm remains a significant pest of cotton in central Arizona. We conclude that cultivars of transgenic cotton retained efficacy for control of pink bollworm through 1997. C1 ARS, USDA, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Flint, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197FB UT WOS:000080353400003 ER PT J AU Tamez-Guerra, P Garcia-Gutierrez, C Medrano-Roldan, H Galan-Wong, LJ Sandoval-Coronado, CF AF Tamez-Guerra, P Garcia-Gutierrez, C Medrano-Roldan, H Galan-Wong, LJ Sandoval-Coronado, CF TI Spray-dried microencapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis formulations for the control of Epilachna varivestis Mulsant SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; PEDIOBIUS-FOVEOLATUS HYMENOPTERA; GRANULAR FORMULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE; NOSEMA; MICROSPORIDA; LEPIDOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE; FECUNDITY AB A new sprayable microgranule formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kumomatoensis (strain C-9) was evaluated for the control of the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Strain C-9 was isolated from dead E. varivestis in a Phaseolus vulgaris L. field in Durango, Mexico. A spore and crystal complex of the C-9 strain were active against E. varivestis larvae in bioassays using treated bean plants (LC50 of 642 mu g/ml), and against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae using artificial diets (LC50 of 219 mu g/ml). The sprayable powder (microgranule formulation), consisting of cornstarch (CS), nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), vegetable oil, powdered sugar, 2-propanol, malachite green, and formaldehyde, was prepared using a spray-dry process. Shelf life of formulated B. thuringiensis maintained over 90% of its original activity after 24 months of storage. A field test demonstrated that treatments of formulated B. thuringiensis controlled E. varivestis significantly better than treatments with unformulated B. thuringiensis. This study demonstrated that B. thuringiensis can potentially be formulated by spray drying, based on ingredients, which would help to improve its activity as a biopesticide under field conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. IPN, CIIDIR, Dept Entomol, Vicente Guerrero, Dgo, Mexico. ITD, Dept Biotecnol, Durango, Dgo, Mexico. RP Tamez-Guerra, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197FB UT WOS:000080353400006 ER PT J AU Hardee, DD Bell, MR Streett, DA AF Hardee, DD Bell, MR Streett, DA TI A review of area-wide management of Helicoverpa and Heliothis (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) with pathogens (1987-1997) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; EARLY-SEASON WILD; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST PLANTS; MISSISSIPPI; BOLLWORM; DELTA; SUPPRESSION AB Research to develop improved methods of managing serious insect pests of Mississippi Delta crops, specifically cotton, by use of natural insect pathogens was begun in 1987 at the USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit (SIMRU) in Stoneville, MS. Previous research had shown that non-crop plants, particularly early-season weeds, were hosts for the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), prior to the presence of crop hosts. It was theorized that tobacco budworm and cotton bollworm populations could be managed by either controlling the insects on the weeds using insecticides, or by controlling the early season hosts themselves via herbicides or mowing. Since entomopathogens (microbial insecticides) are considered to be among the safest methods of insect control, research was begun to investigate their use in a management scheme. Positive results of small field and cage tests (prior to 1990) led to large area studies, beginning with a 25,900-ha test in 1990, and culminating in 81,000-ha tests in 1994 and 1995. Tests over smaller areas in 1996 and 1997 were designed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially-prepared formulation of the virus sprayed twice at weekly intervals (1996) and (2) determine efficacy of a half-rate of the new virus formulation in an attempt to reduce costs (1997). Collective results of this 11-yr study indicate that virus application can be accomplished at a reasonable cost, and that such treatment consistently reduced the number of moths emerging from weed hosts by >70%. Herein, we present brief results of the long-term study that led to the present question of what the future holds for this project. C1 ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hardee, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 197FB UT WOS:000080353400008 ER PT J AU Hehl, R Faurie, E Hesselbach, J Salamini, F Whitham, S Baker, B Gebhardt, C AF Hehl, R Faurie, E Hesselbach, J Salamini, F Whitham, S Baker, B Gebhardt, C TI TMV resistance gene N homologues are linked to Synchytrium endobioticum resistance in potato SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE plants; disease resistance; host-pathogen interaction; Synchytrium endobioticum; potato ID FLAX RUST RESISTANCE; RICH REPEAT CLASS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; VIRUS-Y; TOMATO; PROTEIN; SPECIFICITY; BINDING; REGION AB The fungus Synchytrium endobioticum, the causal agent of potato wart disease, is subject to worldwide quarantine regulations due to the production of persistent resting spores and lack of effective chemical control measures. The selection of Synchytrium-resistant potato cultivars may be facilitated by using markers closely linked with a resistance gene or by transferring a cloned gene for resistance into susceptible cultivars. Sen1, a gene for resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum race 1, was localized on potato chromosome XI in a genomic region which is related to the tobacco genome segment harbouring the N gene for resistance to TMV. Using N as probe, we isolated homologous cDNA clones from a Synchytrium-resistant potato line. The N-homologous sequences of potato identified by RFLP mapping a family of resistance gene-like sequences closely linked with the Sen1 locus. Sequence analysis of two full-length N-homologous cDNA clones revealed the presence of structural domains associated with resistance gene function. One clone (N1-25) encodes a polypeptide of 61 kDa and harbours a Toll-interleukin like region (TIR) and a putative nucleotide binding site (NBS). The other clone (N1-27) encodes a polypeptide of 95 kDa and harbours besides the TIR and NBS domains five imperfect leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Both clones have at their amino terminus a conserved stretch of serine residues that was also found in the N gene, the RPP5 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and several other resistance gene homologues, suggesting a function in the resistance response. Cloning of the disease resistance locus based on map position and the establishment of PCR-based marker assays to assist selection of wart resistant potato genotypes are discussed. C1 Tech Univ Braunschweig, Inst Genet, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Max Planck Inst Zuchtungsforsch, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. RP Hehl, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Braunschweig, Inst Genet, Spielmannstr 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Hehl, Reinhard/0000-0002-1550-3394 NR 40 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s001220051083 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 183BV UT WOS:000079534900005 ER PT J AU Kaya, Z Sewell, MM Neale, DB AF Kaya, Z Sewell, MM Neale, DB TI Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing annual height- and diameter-increment growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait locus mapping; Pinus taeda L.; height- and diameter-increment ID OUTBRED PEDIGREE; EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS; PSEUDO-TESTCROSS; RAPD MARKERS; LINKAGE MAPS; FOREST TREE; SELECTION; GENETICS; STRATEGY; QTLS AB Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for annual height- and diameter-increment growth were estimated in each of two three-generation loblolly pine pedigrees. Annual height-increment was measured in three consecutive years in the BASE pedigree and in four consecutive years in the QTL pedigree. Annual diameter-increment was measured only in the QTL pedigree for two consecutive years. An interval mapping-approach was used to estimate the number of QTLs, the magnitude of QTL effects, and their position on genetic linkage maps. Thirteen different height-increment and eight different diameter-increment QTLs were detected. suggesting that the these traits are, at least in part, controlled by a few genes of large effect. Little evidence was found for the expression of individual QTLs in multiple years or in multiple genetic backgrounds. These results were discussed in terms of the power of the experiment and their consequences for marker-assisted breeding. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA, US Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA, US Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Kaya, Zeki/C-5369-2015 NR 18 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1007/s001220051108 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 183BV UT WOS:000079534900030 ER PT J AU Brazee, RD Bukovac, MJ Cooper, JA Reichard, DL AF Brazee, RD Bukovac, MJ Cooper, JA Reichard, DL TI Droplet shape oscillations: Effects on spray impaction and retention and Fourier analysis of their natural frequencies SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE droplet oscillation; droplet surface area; high-speed videography; spray dynamics surfactants AB In-flight shape oscillations for 111 to 383-mu m diameter spray droplets were observed under moderate dynamic conditions using high-speed videography. Fourier analysis of oscillations determined droplet natural frequencies of 1.5 to 9 kHz, results which agreed with a capillary-oscillation model. In addition, an ellipsoid model was employed to estimate accompanying changes in droplet surface areas during flight Results suggest droplet oscillations cart limit surfactant adsorption at liquid-air and liquid solid interfaces such that droplets will arrive at a plant surface without the desired lowering of surface tension being achieved. Consequently, full benefits of a surfactant in reducing droplet reflection and promoting retention will not be realized. However droplet shape oscillations can strengthen fluid motions within droplets, with some increase in rates of surfactant transfer to the interface. Results also showed the high natural frequencies characteristic of droplet sizes below 200 mu m will impose limits on cinematography or videography when attempting to observe droplet distortions or identify energy dissipation pathways at droplet impact. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OARDC, OSU, Dept Entomol, Lab Pest Control Appl Tech, Wooster, OH USA. RP Brazee, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 319 EP 325 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000003 ER PT J AU Franti, TG Laflen, JM Watson, DA AF Franti, TG Laflen, JM Watson, DA TI Predicting soil detachment from high-discharge concentrated flow SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil; tillage; flow channels; soil detachment; erosion prediction; ephemeral gullies ID RILL HYDRAULICS; SHEAR-STRESS; EROSION AB Field experiments were conducted on a loam and a silt loam soil to determine the effect of tillage on soil detachment in concentrated flow channels carrying high discharge rates. Soil detachment rates from tilled channels were an order of magnitude greater than rates from no-till channels. Based on a linear constant-parameter sail detachment model, soil erodibility was seven times greater for tilled soil than for no-till, while critical shear values for no-till were about twice that for tilled soil. The coefficient of determination for the soil detachment models improved when soil erodibility and critical shear were related to field measurements of a soil strength index, measured by a fall cone penetrometer and a vane shear device. The fall cone index resulted in better model fits (greater R-2) than the vane shear index for modeling soil erodibility and critical shear. Both linear and exponential equations were used to model soil detachment rates. An exponential equation with detachment related to excess shear which has both soil erodibility and critical shear as linear functions of soil strength, is the recommended form for modeling soil detachment from high discharge concentrated flow. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Gen Filter, Ames, IA USA. RP Franti, TG (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 234 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000004 ER PT J AU Bosch, DD Hubbard, RK Leonard, RA Hicks, DW AF Bosch, DD Hubbard, RK Leonard, RA Hicks, DW TI Tracer studies of subsurface flow patterns in a sandy loam profile SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE water quality; chemical transport; groundwater; subsurface flow; vadose zone; bromide ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY CHANGES; SURFACE BROMIDE APPLICATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER; MOVEMENT; SOILS AB A study designed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of agrichemical transport to ground,vater was conducted on a 0.81-ha agricultural corn field near Plains, Georgia. The objectives were to: (1) characterize vadose zone flow paths of water and agrichemicals under normal climatic and management conditions and evaluate their spatial and temporal variability; and (2) relate spatial and temporal transport patterns to geophysical properties of the soil and climatic conditions. Agrichemical transport was assessed over a five-year period from 1989 to 1994 through analysis of collected soil and groundwater samples. A bromide (Br-) tracer was applied at 78 kg ha(-1) in 1989 and at 105 kg ha(-1) in 1991. Chloride (Cl-) and nitrogen were applied with fertilizer each year except 1994. Soil characterization tests indicated a dramatic decrease in the saturated hydraulic conductivity associated with a large increase in clay content in a zone from 1 to 4 m below the soil surface. As a result of this soil feature, Br- concentrations in the vadose zone below 4 m were normally less than 2 mg kg(-1) throughout the study. Aquifer chemical concentrations indicated nitrate nitrogen (NO3- N) and Cl- applied to the soil surface in the spring were transported to the groundwater at 9 m by that same fall. Bromide concentrations in ground water peaked at 0.65 mg L-1 while NO3- N concentrations peaked at 6.9 mg L-1 and Cl- at 4.0 mg L-1. Agrichemical transport and variability were controlled by climatic patterns and soil hydraulic characteristics. Transport to groundwater increased when precipitation and irrigation volumes in the first 30 days after spring fertilization and planting exceeded twice the normal precipitation. If large spring thunderstorms occur soon after chemical application, the likelihood of groundwater contamination by agrichemicals is substantially increased These data provide the means to relate transport of agrichemicals in and through the vadose zone to geophysical characteristics and irrigation and precipitation inputs. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 337 EP 349 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000005 ER PT J AU McGregor, KC Dabney, SM Johnson, JR AF McGregor, KC Dabney, SM Johnson, JR TI Runoff and soil loss from cotton plots with and without stiff-grass hedges SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton; grass hedges; no-till; rainfall; runoff; soil loss; soil loss; soil conservation; tillage AB The performance of grass hedges and the effectiveness of no-till cropping systems in reducing soil loss was evaluated on standard erosion plots. No-till canon with grass hedges, no-till cotton without grass hedges, conventional-till cotton with grass hedges, conventional-till cotton without grass hedges, and no-till cotton without grass hedges but with a winter wheat cover crop produced average annual soil losses of 2.2, 5.2, 12.3, 48.5, and 2.0 t/ha, respectively. The annual ratio of soil loss for no-till cotton plots with grass hedges to those without hedges averaged 0.43. The annual ratio of soil loss for conventional-till plots with grass hedges to without hedges was 0.25. Averaged over all plots (with and without grass hedges, but not including winter cover plots), no-till plots reduced soil loss from conventional-till plots by 88%. No-till plots without grass hedges had 57% less soil loss than conventional-till plots with grass hedges. Although grass hedges were effective in reducing soil loss on erosion plots with similar cropping practices as compared to plots without hedges, other studies of contoured grass hedges on field-sized areas are needed to determine their applicability on larger areas with greater concentrations of runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, N Mississippi Branch, Holly Springs, MS USA. RP McGregor, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000007 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Eisenhauer, DE Schulte, DD Nienaber, JA AF Parker, DB Eisenhauer, DE Schulte, DD Nienaber, JA TI Seepage characteristics and hydraulic properties of a feedlot runoff storage pond SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE feedlot; seepage; infiltration; livestock waste; hydraulic conductivity ID MANURE; MOVEMENT; SOIL AB Water and chemical transport were investigated beneath a 22-year-old beef feedlot runoff storage pond. Soil and sludge samples were collected from 14 borings to 6.1-m depths in a cross-section across the pond. The soils consisted of silt loam and clay loam, and the groundwater level was about 30 m beneath the land surface. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, NO3-N, NH4-N, CI, P, K, SO4-S, TKN, and organic matter. Physical and hydraulic properties were measured on undisturbed samples of soil and sludge to compare saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture release characteristics, and bulk density. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measured in the laboratory ranged from 0.005 to 0.044 cm/day for the sludge and from 0.008 to 31.4 cm/day for the sidewall soil. The mean hydraulic conductivity values for the sludge and sidewall soil were not significantly different. Mean bulk densities were significantly different. The sludge exhibited high shrinkage when dried, and did not swell to its original volume when rewetted. Moisture content and chemical concentrations were higher beneath the sidewalls than beneath the pond bottom. A seepage rate of 0.87 cm/day was measured after a 7.6-cm rainfall event, following an extended dry period when the pond was empty. This short-term measurement exceeded the allowable seepage rate in Nebraska, however seepage decreased with time following recharge of the sidewalls. Results have shown that water and chemical movement has occurred beneath the unlined feedlot runoff storage pond and that the plumes have traveled further than the maximum sampled depth of 6.1 m after 22 years of operation. C1 W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, POB 60998, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 369 EP 380 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000008 ER PT J AU Thomson, SJ Thomasson, JA Whitelock, DP AF Thomson, SJ Thomasson, JA Whitelock, DP TI Mass flow assessment of particulate in lint cleaner waste - Sensor evaluation and model adaptation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton gins; flow measurement; lint cleaners AB A sensor was developed to measure mass flow of lint cleaner waste (LCW) through a small-scale (one bale/h) cotton gin to provide additional information on lint cleaner performance far automated gin process control. The device consisted of a light source bank and light bar at opposite sides of the waste duct. The amount of light blocked as detected by the light bar was proportional to mass flow. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the sensor by varying the number of lint cleaners activated. Statistical correlations between sensor output and output from photodiodes configured to detect temporally varying light levels were examined. Curves were developed relating measured mass flow to sensor output, consistent with expected sensor responses. A Weibull-type function was found to best describe the sensor response as a function of experimentally measured mass flow A re-parameterized Weibull-type function was found to be a suitable predictor of mass flow rate when runs using zero lint cleaners were included in the data. When the zero lint cleaner treatment was not included in the data set, a linear relationship best predicted mass flowrate. Total mass of particulate was best predicted by a reciprocal log model. C1 USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, US Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Thomson, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, APTRU, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 513 EP 521 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000024 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI Dielectric properties measurement techniques and applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; permittivity; measurements; agricultural materials ID DENT FIELD CORN; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; FRESH FRUITS; MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITIES; 20 GHZ; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE-CONTENT; CEREAL-GRAINS; COAXIAL LINE AB The reasons for interest in the dielectric properties of materials are discussed. Terms are defined and principles involving dielectric properties of materials are summarized. Measurement techniques for determining dielectric properties of agricultural materials in the radio-frequency (RF) and microwave ranges are identified with reference citations given for detailed information. Finally a few new potential applications for dielectric properties of materials are discussed and a few precautions are given for reliable determination of such properties by RF and microwave measurements. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 84 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000025 ER PT J AU Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO TI Determining physical properties of grain by microwave permittivity measurements SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE microwave permittivity; dielectric properties; grain; moisture content; bulk density ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; MOISTURE-CONTENT; DENSITY; DEPENDENCE; WHEAT; CORN AB Potential use of the complex permittivity measured at microwave frequencies for indirect nondestructive determination of physical properties of grain is discussed. Examples of extraction of bulk density and moisture content from permittivity measurements are shown for wheat and corn over wide ranges of frequency and temperature. Calibration equations for both entities are given along with their standard errors of performance (SEP). The bulk density of wheat and corn, ranging from 720 to 880 kg/m(3) and 695 to 830 kg/m(3), respectively, can be determined without prior knowledge of the sample moisture content or its temperature with, on average, SEP of 7.8 kg/m(3) and 12.9 kg/m(3), respectively. The moisture content of wheat and corn, ranging from 10.6 to 19.2% and 9.0 to 19.2%, wet basis, respectively, can be determined at a given temperature independent of density with SEP of less then 0.27% and 0.46%, respectively. One of the attractive features of permittivity-based methods is that they can be applied regardless of the measurement technique. One identified function of the complex permittivity provides moisture content for both wheat and corn with the same calibration. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 531 EP 536 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000026 ER PT J AU Stombaugh, TS Benson, ER Hummel, JW AF Stombaugh, TS Benson, ER Hummel, JW TI Guidance control of agricultural vehicles at high field speeds SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE vehicle; guidance; dynamics; GPS; controls; automation AB The main objective of this study was to develop an automated agricultural vehicle guidance system capable of controlling the vehicle during high-speed agricultural field operations. The posture sensor used in the study was a kinematic differential Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver Experimental frequency response tests were used to develop models of steering equipment and vehicle dynamics. Classical feedback control was developed based on these models. Guidance controller effectiveness was evaluated with experimental step response tests. Frequency response tests of vehicle dynamics showed that the transfer function relating vehicle lateral deviation to steering angle was a double integrator The dynamics of the automatic steering were within the same frequency range as desired vehicle dynamics. Guidance controller design had to compensate for both vehicle and steering equipment dynamics. When the GPS sensor was mounted above the front axle of the vehicle, guidance control to within 16 cm of the desired path was demonstrated at speeds up to 6.8 m/s. Moving the sensor rearward to a more practical location added phase lag to the system, and guidance control was less effective. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Stombaugh, TS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 537 EP 544 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 216DY UT WOS:000081427000027 ER PT J AU Babcock, MW Lu, XH Norton, J AF Babcock, MW Lu, XH Norton, J TI Time series forecasting of quarterly railroad grain carloadings SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE time series forecasting; railroad grain carloads AB The participants in the grain logistics system need forecasts of railroad grain carloads. Although forecasting studies have been conducted for virtually every mode, no forecasting studies of quarterly railroad grain transportation have been published. The objectives of the gaper are (1) specify a US quarterly railroad grain transportation forecasting model, and (2) empirically estimate the model. The selection of explanatory variables requires that they have a theoretical relationship to railroad grain transportation supply and/or demand, and that the data for the explanatory variables are published in quarterly frequency. However, there are relatively few potential explanatory variables that are published quarterly and those that are available appear to have weak correlation with quarterly railroad grain carloadings. The economic process generating quarterly railroad grain carloadings is quite complex and very difficult to model with regression techniques. Given this problem and the focus on short run forecasting, a time series model was employed to forecast quarterly railroad grain carloadings. An AR(4) model was estimated using the Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure for the 1987:4-1997:4 period. The actual railroad grain carloadings for this period were compared to the forecast carloadings generated by the time series model. For 92% of the 37 quarters the percentage difference between the actual and forecast values was 10% or less. Of the 9 annual observations, the per cent difference between the actual and forecast value was less than 2.6% for 8 of the 9 years. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, MTA, TMD, AMS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Babcock, MW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1366-5545 J9 TRANSPORT RES E-LOG JI Transp. Res. Pt. e-Logist. Transp. Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S1366-5545(98)00024-6 PG 15 WC Economics; Engineering, Civil; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 179AE UT WOS:000079300700004 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RM Bond, BJ Ryan, MG AF Hubbard, RM Bond, BJ Ryan, MG TI Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air saturation deficit; assimilation; ponderosa pine; stomatal conductance ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; CO2 ASSIMILATION; XYLEM CAVITATION; GENERAL-MODEL; WATER-STRESS AB We tested the hypotheses that hydraulic conductance is lower in old (about 250 years old and 30 m tall) compared to young (about 40 years old and 10 m tall) Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. trees and that lower hydraulic conductance of old trees limits their photosynthesis. Hydraulic conductance at the end of summer 1995, calculated from leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange measurements on one-year-old needles, was 44% lower in old trees compared to young trees growing in a mixed age-class stand on the east slope of the Oregon Cascades. Whole-tree sapflow per unit leaf area averaged 53% lower in old trees compared to young trees and mean hydraulic conductance calculated from sapflow and water potential data was 63% lower in old trees than in young trees. For the entire summer, stomatal conductance (g(s)) and assimilation (A) declined more steeply with air saturation deficit (D) in old trees than in young trees. For both old and young trees, mean g(s) and A were approximately 32 and 21% lower, respectively, at typical midday D values (2.5-3.0 kPa). We hypothesized that if hydraulic conductance limits g(s), and A, then increasing or decreasing the leaf specific conductance of a branch will result in proportional changes in the responses of g(s), and A with D. Removal of 50% of the foliage from a set of experimental branches on old trees caused g(s), and A to decline less steeply with D in early summer, but values were not significantly different from control values in late summer. Cutting transverse notches in branches on young trees had no effect on the responses of g(s), and A with D. Leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic capacity were similar suggesting that differences in g(s), and A between old and young trees were not caused by differences in photosynthetic capacity. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hubbard, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; NR 46 TC 275 Z9 292 U1 3 U2 42 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 175JB UT WOS:000079089000003 ER PT J AU Paige, JC Chaudry, MH Pell, FM AF Paige, JC Chaudry, MH Pell, FM TI Federal surveillance of veterinary drugs and chemical residues (with recent data) SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB The National Residue Program is a dynamic risk-based program involving many Federal agencies, with the objective of preventing illegal drug residues and chemicals in the food supply. Surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of residue data for public health action. This consists of assessing the cause(s) of the problem, recommending educational incentives, and intervention of prevention and control measures. The role of residue databases in formulating policy decisions and identifying risk factors for drug residues is discussed. A descriptive analysis, of 5 years (1992-1996) field investigative reports of drug residue occurrence in food animals is presented. The results showed that violative residues occurred predominately in culled dairy cows and bob veal calves. C1 US FDA, Epidemiol Team, Ctr Vet Med,Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med,Compliance Informat Management Team, Div Compliance, Off Surveillance & Compliance, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Omaha, NE USA. RP Paige, JC (reprint author), US FDA, Epidemiol Team, Ctr Vet Med,Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Off Surveillance & Compliance, 7500 Standish Pl,HFV-218, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP + PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 178JK UT WOS:000079262400005 PM 10088211 ER PT J AU Monfardini, E Burvenich, C Massart-Leen, AM Smits, E Paape, MJ AF Monfardini, E Burvenich, C Massart-Leen, AM Smits, E Paape, MJ TI Effect of antibiotic induced bacterial clearance in the udder on L-selectin shedding of blood neutrophils in cows with Escherichia coli mastitis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cow; L-selectin; antibiotics; E-coli; mastitis ID DAIRY-COWS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; RECRUITMENT; EXPRESSION; CHEMOTAXIS; INTEGRINS; BURST; MILK AB Bacterial clearance, L-selectin adhesion receptor expression and neutrophil recruitment during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis were investigated. Acute mastitis was induced by injection of 10(4) cfu E. coli into both left quarters of 12 clinically healthy lactating cows, 2-6 weeks after parturition. Half the cows were treated intravenously 10 h after infection, and subcutaneously 30 h after infection with enrofloxacin. In both groups, bacterial count, milk serum albumin, milk somatic cell count, circulating leukocyte count and L-selectin expression on neutrophils were determined. Both groups responded to challenge with udder inflammation and fever. Treatment with enrofloxacin affected the elimination rate of bacteria at hours +14, +18, +24, +48, and +72 after challenge, but not the bacteriological cure rate (five out of six for treated and three out of six for nontreated cows). The drop in L-selectin expression found following challenge did not differ between groups throughout the study. No effect of treatment was found on SCC. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that when treatment is administered 10 h after infection, the number of bacteria in milk is not correlated with L-selectin expression on circulating PMN during experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. The initial bacterial load probably dictates the extent of the decrease in L-selectin expression and milk somatic cells. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. USDA ARS, BARC EAST, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM christian.burvenich@rug.ac.be RI Smits, Elke/D-3756-2012 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 67 IS 4 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00003-3 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 179QW UT WOS:000079341000006 PM 10206204 ER PT J AU Genovese, LL Lowry, VK Genovese, KJ DeLoach, JR Kogut, MH AF Genovese, LL Lowry, VK Genovese, KJ DeLoach, JR Kogut, MH TI Enhancement of phagocytosis and bacterial killing by heterophils from neonatal chicks after administration of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken-bacteria; heterophil; phagocytosis; bactericidal activity; lymphokine; age ID AVIAN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; ORGAN INVASION; LEGHORN CHICKS; G-CSF; CYTOKINES; ACTIVATION; INFLUX; POTENTIATION; RESISTANCE AB During the first week post-hatch, chickens demonstrate an increased susceptibility to infection by bacteria such as Salmonella. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of immune lymphokines on phagocytosis and killing activities of heterophils in chicks during the first 1-7 days of life. Lymphokines isolated from chicken splenic T-cells harvested from Salmonella enteriditis (SE)-hyperimmunized hens (SE-ILK), have in past experiments, demonstrated augmentation of heterophil activity in day-of-hatch chicks resulting in protection from SE organ invasion. The present experiments reveal significant increases (p < 0.05) in heterophil phagocytosis and killing when comparing chicks treated with SE-ILK to control groups in vitro. In SE-ILK-treated groups, a two-fold or greater increase is noted in heterophil phagocytosis within 1h of incubation as compared to controls. Heterophils isolated from 1-day-old and 4-day-old chicks treated with SE-ILK killed significantly greater numbers (p < 0.05) of SE than heterophils isolated from control groups. By Day 7 post-hatch, significance is not noted in the killing activity of heterophils from treated groups when compared to control groups. However, heterophils from SE-ILK groups continue to kill greater numbers of SE than control groups. These data support SE-ILK augmentation results in an enhanced heterophil function in chicks during the greatest period of susceptibility to Salmonella invasion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Genovese, LL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bowden@usda.tamu.edu NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(98)00258-2 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170HE UT WOS:000078799600005 PM 10078597 ER PT J AU Li, H Snowder, G Crawford, TB AF Li, H Snowder, G Crawford, TB TI Production of malignant catarrhal fever virus-free sheep SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE control method viruses; malignant catarrhal fever; ovine herpesvirus 2; sheep-viruses ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RUMINANTS; PCR AB The study was designed to better define the variables affecting the success of the establishment of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2)-free sheep flocks. A total of 38 lambs born to OHV-2-positive ewes was selected and divided into four groups. Three groups of 10 lambs each were separated from the positive ewes at 2, 2.5 and 3 months of age, respectively, and maintained in isolation facilities. One group of eight remained in the positive flock as controls. Peripheral blood samples from each lamb were examined regularly by PCR for OHV-2 DNA. All lambs (100%) that were weaned and maintained in isolation from the ages of 2, 2.5 and 3 months remained negative until the termination of the experiment at 1 year of age. One lamb was discovered to be PCR-positive on the day of isolation at 2.5 months of age, and was promptly removed from the isolation group. Tn contrast, all lambs (100%) that remained with the flock became PCR-positive by 6 months of age. The data confirmed that, with rare exceptions, separation of lambs from OHV-2 infected animals at. around 2 months of age reliably yields OHV-2-free sheep. Appropriate PCR monitoring will enable the rare exceptions to be removed from the group, and is recommended as a safety measure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Crawford, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(98)00287-9 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170HE UT WOS:000078799600008 PM 10078600 ER PT J AU Woods, LW Hanley, RS Chiu, PH Lehmkuhl, HD Nordhausen, RW Stillian, MH Swift, PK AF Woods, LW Hanley, RS Chiu, PH Lehmkuhl, HD Nordhausen, RW Stillian, MH Swift, PK TI Lesions and transmission of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer fawns SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; deer; experimental infection; hemorrhagic disease; immunohistochemistry; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; pathology; stomatitis; transmission ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION AB Adenovirus infection was the cause of an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California during the latter half of 1993. A systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. To study transmission of adenovirus infection in deer and susceptibility of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) fawns to adenovirus infection, six 3-6-month-old black-tailed fawns were divided into two treatment groups. One group was inoculated intravenously and the other group was inoculated through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth with purified adenovirus. Each treatment group also included two additional fawns (four total) that were not inoculated but were exposed to inoculated animals (contact animals). One fawn served as a negative control. Between 4 and 16 days postinoculation, 8/10 fawns developed systemic or localized infection with lesions identical to lesions seen in animals with natural disease that died during the epizootic. Transmission was by direct contact, and the route of inoculation did not affect the incubation period or the distribution of the virus (systemic or the localized infection). Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antiserum against bovine adenovirus type 5 demonstrated staining in endothelial cells of vessels in numerous tissues in animals with systemic infection and endothelial staining only in vessels subtending necrotic foci in the upper alimentary tract in animals with the localized form of the disease. All inoculated or exposed animals had staining in the tonsillar epithelium. Transmission electron microscopic examination of lung and ileum from two fawns with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy demonstrated endothelial necrosis and adenovirus virions in endothelial cell nuclei. Adenovirus was reisolated in black-tailed deer pulmonary artery endothelial cells using lung homogenate of the first fawn that developed systemic adenovirus infection. Serum virus neutralization test results suggest that this deer adenovirus is a new serotype. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95617 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Woods, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, POB 1770, Davis, CA 95617 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1354/vp.36-2-100 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 257XJ UT WOS:000083807800002 PM 10098637 ER PT J AU Brown, C King, DJ Seal, BS AF Brown, C King, DJ Seal, BS TI Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in chickens experimentally infected with viruses of different virulence SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickens; in situ hybridization; Newcastle disease ID PATHOGENICITY; PATHOTYPE; CLEAVAGE; TURKEYS; STRAIN AB Groups of 4-week-old White Rock chickens were inoculated intraconjunctivally with nine isolates of Newcastle disease virus representing all pathotypes. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanatized sequentially, with collection of tissues for histopathologic examination and in situ hybridization using an antisense digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe corresponding to the sequence of the gene coding for the matrix protein. Disease was most severe with velogenic viscerotropic pathotypes and was characterized by acute systemic illness with extensive necrosis of lymphoid areas in the spleen and intestine. Viral nucleic acid was detected in multiple tissues but most prominently in macrophages associated with lymphoid tissue. Velogenic neurotropic isolates caused central nervous system disease despite minimal amounts of viral nucleic acid detected in neural tissue. Mesogenic and lentogenic pathotypes caused no overt disease; however, viral nucleic acid was present in myocardium and air sac epithelium following infection with these isolates. Compromise of air sac and myocardium may predispose mesogen- and lentogen-infected chickens to secondary infection and/or decreased meat and egg production. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1354/vp.36-2-125 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 257XJ UT WOS:000083807800005 PM 10098640 ER PT J AU Chae, C Cheon, DS Kwon, D Kim, O Kim, B Suh, J Rogers, DG Everett, KDE Andersen, AA AF Chae, C Cheon, DS Kwon, D Kim, O Kim, B Suh, J Rogers, DG Everett, KDE Andersen, AA TI In situ hybridization for the detection and localization of swine Chlamydia trachomatis SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia trachomatis; enteritis; in situ hybridization; pneumonia; swine ID INSITU DNA HYBRIDIZATION; INTESTINAL CHLAMYDIA; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS; CELL-CULTURE; INFECTION; LESIONS; TISSUE; DIAGNOSIS; PSITTACI; ACID AB Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4-7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C; trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were not detected in tissue sections from an uninfected control piglet or in C. psittaci-infected sheep placenta. The morphology of host cells was preserved despite the relatively high temperature required in parts of the incubation procedure. The data indicate that in situ hybridization can be used to detect swine C. trachomatis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Suwon 441744, Kyounggi Do, South Korea. Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Chae, C (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Suwon 441744, Kyounggi Do, South Korea. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1354/vp.36-2-133 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 257XJ UT WOS:000083807800006 PM 10098641 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC McInnes, KJ Juo, ASR Wilding, LP Reddell, DL AF Schwartz, RC McInnes, KJ Juo, ASR Wilding, LP Reddell, DL TI Boundary effects on solute transport in finite soil columns SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS; VOLUME-AVERAGED CONCENTRATIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; DISPERSION MODEL AB This study investigates the influence of inlet and outlet disturbances and formulated boundary conditions on the estimation of the dispersion coefficient and retardation factor for short soil columns. Unsaturated miscible displacement experiments utilizing a Br- tracer were carried out on undisturbed columns of a fine-textured Ultisol. Solutions were applied using either a fritted plate or an array of dispensing tips that produced droplets at a prescribed flow rate. One- and two-layer analytical solutions of the advective-dispersive equation were fitted to effluent concentrations using nonlinear least squares parameter optimization. Comparison of two-layer simulations with experimental data indicated that the analytical solution with a semi-infinite interface boundary best approximated effluent concentrations under the conditions of this study. This solution corresponds to a continuous flux concentration and a macroscopically discontinuous resident concentration at the interface between the soil and porous plates. Parameter estimates were not significantly different with respect to the application method used at the inlet. This may be attributed to a less uniform distribution of solution onto the soil surface by the drip apparatus and/or by the presence of stagnant regions within the inlet reservoir and hence increased dispersion within the inlet platen apparatus. Two-layer simulations indicated that the dispersion coefficient was underestimated by 14-27% when the influence of the inlet and outlet apparatus were not included in the fitted solution of the advective-dispersive equation. In addition, use of one-layer analytical solutions caused the retardation factor to be overestimated by no more than the fractional increase in pore volume imparted by the platen apparatus. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1029/1998WR900080 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 169WG UT WOS:000078771700006 ER PT J AU Grant, GE AF Grant, GE TI Comment on "Critical flow constrains flow hydraulics in mobile-bed streams: A new hypothesis" by G.E. Grant - Reply SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grant, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 907 EP 907 DI 10.1029/1998WR900055 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 169WG UT WOS:000078771700030 ER PT J AU Spandl, E Durgan, BR Forcella, F AF Spandl, E Durgan, BR Forcella, F TI Foxtail (Setaria spp.) seedling dynamics in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) are influenced by seeding date and tillage regime SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chisel plowing; moldboard plowing; no-till; seeding dates; SETVI ID GIANT FOXTAIL; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GREEN FOXTAIL; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ZEA-MAYS; FABERI; CORN; SYSTEMS; GERMINATION AB Emergence patterns of foxtail in spring wheat following soybean were evaluated for three seeding dates and three tillage regimes. Cumulative foxtail emergence, as a percentage of total plants emerged in the growing season, was generally not influenced by tillage regime throughout most of the emergence period, but when differences occurred, emergence was lower with no-till than with moldboard plow Foxtail seedling densities were greater in no-till and chisel plow than in moldboard plow Weed biomass and wheat yields were not: affected by tillage regime. Delaying wheat seeding reduced foxtail percent emergence and emerged seedling density. Differences in emergence patterns of foxtail were attributable to thermal accumulation after seeding. Wheat yield was not influenced by seeding date in 2 of 3 yr. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Durgan, BR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 209AN UT WOS:000081025000006 ER PT J AU Kegode, GO Forcella, F Clay, S AF Kegode, GO Forcella, F Clay, S TI Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; tillage; management inputs; grass weeds; broad-leaved weeds; weed density; seed production; fecundity; SETLU; SETVI; AMBEL; CHEAL; POLPY ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; COMPETITION; ALLELOPATHY; STRATEGIES; SYSTEMS AB Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 10(3), 3.7 by 10(3), 6.1 by 10(3), and 5.7 by 10(3) seeds m(-2), whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 10(3), 0.4 by 10(3), 1.4 by 10(3), and 0.4 by 10(3) seeds m(-2) in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broadleaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, W Cent Expt Stn, Morris, MN 56267 USA. ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Kegode, GO (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 17 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 209AN UT WOS:000081025000009 ER PT J AU Lindquist, JL Mortensen, DA Westra, P Lambert, WJ Bauman, TT Fausey, JC Kells, JJ Langton, SJ Harvey, RG Bussler, BH Banken, K Clay, S Forcella, F AF Lindquist, JL Mortensen, DA Westra, P Lambert, WJ Bauman, TT Fausey, JC Kells, JJ Langton, SJ Harvey, RG Bussler, BH Banken, K Clay, S Forcella, F TI Stability of corn (Zea mays)-foxtail (Setaria spp.) interference relationships SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; bioeconomic model; economic threshold; integrated weed management ID RELATIVE LEAF-AREA; ZEA-MAYS; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS; WEED MANAGEMENT; GLYCINE-MAX; YIELD LOSS; DENSITY; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Variation in interference relationships have been shown for a number of crop-weed associations and may have an important effect on the implementation of decision support systems for weed management. Multiyear field experiments were conducted at eight locations to determine the stability of corn-foxtail interference relationships across years and locations. Two coefficients (I and A) of a rectangular hyperbola equation were estimated for each data sec using nonlinear regression procedures. The I and A coefficients represent percent corn yield loss as foxtail density approaches zero and maximum percent corn yield loss, respectively. The coefficient I was stable across years at two locations and varied across years at four locations. Maximum yield loss (A) varied between years at one location. Both coefficients varied among locations. Although 3 to 4 foxtail plants m(-1) row was a conservative estimate of the single-year economic threshold (T-e) of foxtail density, variation in I and A resulted in a large variation in T-e. Therefore, the utility of using common coefficient estimates to predict future crop yield loss from foxtail interference between years or among locations within a region is limited. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Centrol, Morris, MN 56267 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Lindquist, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Lindquist, John/D-8656-2012 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 209AN UT WOS:000081025000011 ER PT J AU Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Ferreira, FA Khakural, BR Mulla, DJ Robert, PJ AF Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Ferreira, FA Khakural, BR Mulla, DJ Robert, PJ TI Spatial variability of imazethapyr sorption in soil SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sorption; spatial variability ID SOLUTE MOVEMENT; FIELD-SCALE; ADSORPTION; IMAZAQUIN; PH; PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT AB A significant limitation in using sorption coefficients (K-d) to predict solute transport through natural soils is the spatial variability of soil properties over large field areas. Spatial variability in K-d for imazethapyr was determined on representative samples from a 31.4-ha field, covering a pH range from 4.9 to 7.6 and an organic carbon (OC) range from 1.45 to 5.80 g kg(-1). K-d varied from 0.18 to 3.78 across the field, with an average value of 1.56. The analysis of K-d variability showed two distinct patterns in spatial distribution: areas in which pH > 6.25 and K-d < 1.5, where K-d variation is based primarily on pH, and areas in which pH < 6.25 and K-d > 1.5, where other soil properties, i.e., OC content, have a significant influence on K-d variation. Based on soil pH distribution, an easily measured property, the field was divided into two potential management areas. This separation allowed identification of portions of the field where herbicide sorption would be minimal, with a relatively higher potential for leaching (i.e., areas with K-d < 1.5), and provided a rationale for sire-specific imazethapyr application. C1 Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Dept Soils Water & Climat, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecn, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Dept Soils Water & Climat, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 209AN UT WOS:000081025000017 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Bleier, WJ Overland, JD Homan, HJ AF Linz, GM Bleier, WJ Overland, JD Homan, HJ TI Response of invertebrates to glyphosate-induced habitat alterations in wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE aquatic insects; cattails; ducks; glyphosate; habitat management; invertebrates; waterfowl; wetlands ID AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; ACUTE TOXICITY; DABBLING DUCK; DELTA-MARSH; DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION; HERBICIDE; WATERFOWL; ABUNDANCE; MANITOBA AB Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of eastern North Dakota, USA are often overgrown with cattails (Typha spp), providing habitat for crop-depredating blackbirds and impeding use by waterfowl. One and two years post-treatment (1992 and 1993), we assessed the response of invertebrates to a catastrophic reduction in cattail coverage caused by glyphosate, a herbicide applied to about 14,000 ha of North Dakota's wetlands since 1991. Numbers of Crustacea, Hydracarina, Oligochaeta, Copepoda, Ostracoda, and Cladocera were similar between treated and reference wetlands (P > 0.10), while abundance of Gastropoda was greater in the treated wetlands (P = 0.10). Insect abundance was greater in treated wetlands (P < 0.01), with activity traps yielding highest numbers in July. Corixidae and Chironomidae were more abundant in treated wetlands (P < 0.10), whereas Chaoboridae was consistently more plentiful in the reference wetlands (P = 0.05). Our results suggest that populations of some aquatic invertebrates may be enhanced by a reduction in cattail coverage with glyphosate-based herbicide. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 220 EP 227 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180WX UT WOS:000079409700024 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Mersie, W AF Seybold, CA Mersie, W TI Metolachlor fate and mobility in a tidal wetland soil SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE metolachlor; sorption; mineralization; leaching; wetland soil ID ORGANIC-MATTER; GROUND-WATER; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; ATRAZINE; SORPTION; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE; HYDROXYATRAZINE; DISSIPATION AB A study was conducted to determine the fate of the herbicide metolachlor in a tidal wetland soil located along the James River in Virginia, USA. Soil adsorption/desorption and mineralization characteristics and mobility of metolachlor were determined on the Levy tidal wetland soil. The metolachlor K-d value was 65.8 L kg(-1) and K-oc value was 810 L kg(-1) C-1, which are much greater than would be found on typical agricultural soils. After four 24-h desorption periods, the total amount of metolachlor that desorbed ranged from 16 to 22% of the amount initially adsorbed. Metolachlor mineralization was about 0.46% of the amount applied after 84 days, which indicates that it does not mineralize very readily in the Levy soil. The amount of metolachlor that leached from the soil columns averaged 1.64% of the amount applied after 84 days, showing a low degree of mobility. These results suggest that the Levy tidal wetland soil can function as an effective filter of metolachlor and other similar herbicides that enter via agricultural runoff, protecting surface and ground waters. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 228 EP 235 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180WX UT WOS:000079409700025 ER PT J AU Andelt, WF Phillips, RL Gruver, KS Guthrie, JW AF Andelt, WF Phillips, RL Gruver, KS Guthrie, JW TI Coyote predation on domestic sheep deterred with electronic dog-draining collar SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aversive conditioning; behavior; Canis latrans; control; coyote; damage; electrical shock; livestock predation ID TASTE-AVERSION AB Additional methods are needed to deter predators from killing livestock. We tested the effectiveness of an electronic dog-training collar to deter captive coyotes (Canis latrans) from killing domestic lambs by shocking coyotes whenever they attempted to attack lambs during a 22-week period. The collar averted all 13 attempted attacks on lambs by 5 coyotes, greatly reduced the probability of subsequent attempted attacks, and caused coyotes to avoid and retreat from lambs for over 4 months (F = 16.28; 1,4 df; P = 0.016). We believe this approach to aversive conditioning has potential to reduce coyote predation on domestic sheep in limited areas and may apply to a variety of other problems involving carnivore predation on domestic or endangered species. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Andelt, WF (reprint author), 9545 Olsen Court, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 221QB UT WOS:000081736800004 ER PT J AU Andelt, WF Phillips, RL Schmidt, RH Gill, RB AF Andelt, WF Phillips, RL Schmidt, RH Gill, RB TI Trapping furbearers: an overview of the biological and social issues surrounding a public policy controversy SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; Canis latrans; Colorado; coyote; foothold traps; furbearers; human dimensions; humaneness; injury; selectivity; wildlife damage ID STEEL FOOTHOLD TRAPS; CAPTURING COYOTES; NEST SUCCESS; ARCTIC FOX; INJURIES; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; ATTRACTANTS; PERFORMANCE; SELECTIVITY C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Andelt, WF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 85 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 221QB UT WOS:000081736800011 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Belant, J Barras, AE Guthrie, JW AF Mason, JR Belant, J Barras, AE Guthrie, JW TI Effectiveness of color as an M-44 attractant for coyotes SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE attractant; Canis latrans; color; coyote; non-target species ID PREDATION AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) rely on visual cues to detect prey, but the practical impact of such cues on the effectiveness of lures and attractants is poorly understood. We designed the present experiment to test whether color would increase detection and activation of sodium cyanide ejectors (M-44s) by free-ranging coyotes. At each of 4 study locations, we selected 6-14 experimental sites and then deployed unarmed M-44s at each site. We cleared a l-m-diameter circle around each device so that we could record wildlife tracks. We placed 2-cm pieces of white-painted, rubber soaker hose over the cyanide cartridge sleeves of half of the M-44s. We placed sections of black-painted, rubber soaker hose over the cartridge sleeves of the remaining M-44s. We visited each site at 2-day intervals to record whether M-44s had been tripped. We also recorded species of wildlife that left tracks at each site, and general weather conditions. We categorized both visits and pulls by color and background type. Although number of visits did not significantly differ among sites, number of pulls did. Pulls were most frequent for white-topped M-44s against a no-snow background. Pulls were next most frequent for black-topped M-44s against either snow or no-snow backgrounds. White-topped M-44s against snow were not pulled. When the species visiting M-44s were examined, we found that more species visited sites and pulled M-44s in Ohio than Utah. We conclude that distinctive colors can be used to enhance M-44 pulls. Our finding that a number of species activate M-44s is inconsistent with other reports, and a topic for future research. C1 Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Plum Brook Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Mason, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, BNR-163, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 221QB UT WOS:000081736800014 ER PT J AU Sparks, JC Masters, RE Engle, DM Payton, ME Bukenhofer, GA AF Sparks, JC Masters, RE Engle, DM Payton, ME Bukenhofer, GA TI Influence of fire season and fire behavior on woody plants in red-cockaded woodpecker clusters SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; ecosystem restoration; fire ecology; forest management; Ouachita National Forest; Picoides borealis; pine-grassland ecosystem; prescribed fire; wildlife stand improvement ID PINE-GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; DEER FORAGE PRODUCTION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; FOREST; HABITAT; RESTORATION; GROWTH AB The control of woody midstory vegetation in red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) clusters is a major concern throughout southeastern United States pine (Pinus spp,) forests. Prescribed fire and midstory thinning are the most common management tools used to restore pine-grassland communities and minimize midstory development; however, it is unclear which season of fire is most efficient for their use. We compared woody-stem control from prescribed fires during September and October(late growing season; before leaf fall) with that from March and April (dormant season; before leaf expansion). Mortality of woody stems greater than or equal to 1 m tall was related (P < 0.002, r(2) greater than or equal to 0.64) to the fire-behavior parameters of fireline intensity, rate of spread, and heat/unit area. During September-October, fires were less intense (P < 0.05) than during March-April, and less effective (P = 0.042) in reducing woody stems 1-3 m tall in the understory and lower midstory. Because of prolific sprouting, neither season of prescribed fires eliminated stems <1 m tall. March to April fires were most effective, in the short term, in controlling midstory encroachment. We recommend that studies using prescribed fire quantify fire behavior rather than using subjective descriptions and precisely define season (month) of burn along with describing plant phenology. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74048 USA. US Forest Serv, Ouachita Natl Forest, Heavener, OK 74937 USA. RP Sparks, JC (reprint author), Texas Pks & Wildlife Dept, 11942 FM 848, Tyler, TX 75707 USA. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 221QB UT WOS:000081736800020 ER PT J AU Lovell, CD Dolbeer, RA AF Lovell, CD Dolbeer, RA TI Validation of the United States Air Force bird avoidance model SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aircraft; Air Force; BAM; bird strike; hazard; military; model; raptor; waterfowl ID AIRCRAFT; GULLS AB Since 1986, bird strikes have caused 33 fatalities and nearly $500 million in damage to United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft. To reduce these losses, the USAF developed a Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) to evaluate low-level training routes for bird-strike hazards throughout the contiguous United States. The current BAM, developed during the 1980s, incorporates waterfowl and raptor species, which account for most (69%) of the damaging bird strikes to military aircraft flying low-level routes. Because changes have occurred to waterfowl and raptor populations throughout North America, there is speculation that the BAM (developed and currently run with historical waterfowl and raptor data) may not accurately predict current bird-strike hazards. Therefore, we compared bird-strike hazards predicted by the BAM for those low-level routes where waterfowl or raptor strikes occurred with a random selection of published low-level routes where waterfowl or raptor strikes were not reported. Mean predicted bird-strike hazards for both waterfowl and raptors were greater (P less than or equal to 0.02) for routes where strikes had occurred than for routes where strikes by these species had not occurred. Thus, the BAM predicted mean bird-strike hazards along low-level training routes for the military and, when properly used, can assist with flight planning to minimize strikes with waterfowl and raptors. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Lovell, CD (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 126 Boardman Poland Rd, Youngstown, OH 44512 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 221QB UT WOS:000081736800025 ER PT J AU Franzreb, KE AF Franzreb, KE TI Factors that influence translocation success in the red-cockaded woodpecker SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-TREE SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AGE AB To restore a population that had declined to 4 individuals by late 1985, 54 Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were translocated at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina between 1986 and 1995. Translocation success was evaluated by sex, age, and distance between the capture and release site. For moves involving females, the presence of a resident male and the status of the male (breeder, inexperienced, or helper) also was assessed. Of the factors I evaluated, only the distance of the move was statistically significant with increasing success associated with increasing distance. The presence of a resident male at the female's release site led to no more success than releasing the female concurrently with a male; nor did the male's status appear to play a significant role in female translocation success. Overall, 31 of 49 (excluding nestlings) translocated birds remained at or near the release site for at least 30 days, resulting in a success rate of 63.2%. Of the birds that were successfully translocated, 51.0% had reproduced by July 1996. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, USDA, US Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Franzreb, KE (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, USDA, US Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 172QW UT WOS:000078936600006 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Schreiber, CL Decker, DG AF Avery, ML Schreiber, CL Decker, DG TI Fruit sugar preferences of house finches SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN STARLINGS; CEDAR WAXWINGS; SUCROSE AVOIDANCE; STURNUS-VULGARIS; AMERICAN ROBINS; BIRD DAMAGE; REPELLENCY; HUMMINGBIRDS; DIETARY; COLOR AB In a series of choice tests, we determined the relative preferences of House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) for equicaloric aqueous solutions of hexoses (1:1 mixture of fructose and glucose) and sucrose. At 2% (m/v), birds consumed each sugar solution equally and in amounts similar to plain water. Consumption of hexose but not sucrose increased at 4% sugar concentration. At 6% and 10%, finches displayed consistent, strong preferences for the hexoses over sucrose. In other passerine species, strong hexose preference has been linked to the absence of sucrase, the enzyme needed for digestion of sucrose. Fecal sugar readings from the House Finches, however, indicated approximately equal assimilation of hexose and sucrose, so the hexose preference apparently is not due to sucrase deficiency. Rather, energetics may determine the finches' sugar preferences: hexoses are rapidly processed because the 6-carbon sugars are readily assimilable whereas sucrose must first be hydrolyzed. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 172QW UT WOS:000078936600012 ER PT J AU Smith, WP Twedt, DJ AF Smith, WP Twedt, DJ TI Temporal differences in point counts of bottomland forest landbirds SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WINTER; TIME AB We compared number of avian species and individuals in morning and evening point counts during the breeding season and during winter in a bottomland hardwood forest in west-central Mississippi. USA. In both seasons, more species and individuals were recorded during morning counts than during evening counts. We also compared morning and evening detections for 18 species during the breeding season and 9 species during winter. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), and Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) were detected significantly more often in morning counts than in evening counts during the breeding season. Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) was recorded more often in morning counts than evening counts during the breeding season and during winter. No species was detected more often in evening counts. Thus, evening point counts of birds during either the breeding season or winter will likely underestimate species richness, overall avian abundance, and the abundance of some individual species in bottomland hardwood forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, WP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 172QW UT WOS:000078936600027 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, S Ullah, AJ Cohen, IK Diegelmann, RF Montante, SJ AF Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, S Ullah, AJ Cohen, IK Diegelmann, RF Montante, SJ TI Inhibition of elastase by a synthetic cotton-bound serine protease inhibitor: in vitro kinetics and inhibitor release SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; CHLOROMETHYL KETONE; BINDING INHIBITION; SLOW-BINDING; WOUND FLUID; MECHANISM; SPECIFICITY; CATALYSIS AB A cotton-bound serine protease inhibitor of elastase (fiber-inhibitor) has been formulated for in vitro evaluation in chronic wound fluid. As a model to understand the properties of the inhibitor in wound dressings, the kinetic profile and in vitro release of the fiber-inhibitor formulation have been examined. The elastase inhibitor N-Methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethylketone was modified onto cotton cellulose fibers and assayed as a colloidal system. Amino acid analysis and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography were compared as semiquantitative methods to assess elastase inhibitor release from the cotton fibers. The kinetics of inhibition was assessed on treated fibers of synthetic dressings such that a colloidal suspension of the fiber-inhibitor and elastase was employed as an assay. A dose-response relationship was observed in the kinetics of substrate hydrolysis catalyzed by three elastases: porcine pancreatic elastase, which was employed to model this approach; human leukocyte elastase; and elastase in human chronic wound fluid. Both freely dissolved and fiber-bound inhibitors were studied. The initial rates of substrate hydrolysis were inversely linear with freely dissolved inhibitor dose. The apparent first order rate constants, k(obs), for the elastase-inhibitor complex were calculated from the kinetic profiles. The k(obs) for inhibitor bound enzyme varied as a function of inhibitor vs. enzyme concentration and based on the order of mixing of substrate, inhibitor and enzyme in the assay. Enzyme inhibition by the fiber-inhibitor was measured as inhibitor concentration at 50% inhibition (I-50). I-50 values measured from the colloidal assay with fiber-released inhibitor were within the same range to those for freely dissolved inhibitor. Inhibition of elastase activity in chronic wound fluid was observed with 1-5 mg of fiber-inhibitor formulation. This approach constitutes an in vitro assessment of synthetic serine protease inhibitors on fibers and may be employed to evaluate structure vs. function of elastase inhibition in the modified fibers of wound dressing composites. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg,Wound Healing Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Unit, 1100 Robert E Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 19122, GM20298] NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 7 IS 2 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1046/j.1524-475X.1999.00106.x PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 201TW UT WOS:000080612500005 PM 10231512 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Cruz, R AF Ganskopp, D Cruz, R TI Selective differences between naive and experienced cattle foraging among eight grasses SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle-feeding and nutrition; preference; palatability; foraging behaviour; diet selection ID DIET SELECTION; SHEEP; ENVIRONMENTS; PERSISTENCE; HERBIVORES; RESIDENT; SKILLS; LAMBS AB Cattle are often required to adapt to new forages when they are moved to new pasture. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine how rapidly naive cattle express clearly defined preferences when they encounter a new array of forages, and (2) to compare their evolving forage preferences and grazing behavior with those of experienced cattle. Three naive and three experienced yearling-steers were grazed in experimental paddocks supporting equal numbers of eight different caespitose grasses, and the number of visits to plants and number of bites harvested were monitored. Experienced steers immediately began grazing preferred forages, and throughout the trials, 90% of their visits were made to the two preferred grasses, giant wildrye (Elymus cinereus Scribn. and Merr.), and 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link)Schultes). After the naive steers had sampled only nine individual plants, they selected the same two grasses as the experienced steers at significantly (P = 0.05) higher frequencies than expected by chance. Diets of the naive steers, however, remained significantly different (P = 0.001) from the experienced steers for the duration of the trials, so we could not determine the amount of exposure or time required for the selective patterns of the two treatments to approach parity. Across the 4-day trial, 97% of total bites by the experienced animals were from the two preferred grasses, while the naive animals took only 88% of their total bites from the same forages (P = 0.001). Naive steers were also more likely to abandon a plant after harvesting a single-bite of forage (37%) than the experienced steers (19.5%). In approximately the same amount of time, naive steers harvested 21% fewer total bites than experienced animals, suggesting that naive animals were less efficient grazers. If naive cattle are introduced to an array of new forages, they may begin expressing dietary preferences paralleling those of indigenous animals within less than 5 min. Researchers, however, should not assume that naive cattle will provide an accurate depiction of the dietary composition of native stock, because naive cattle may sample a broader array of forages than their experienced counterparts and harvest fewer bites than experienced cattle from the preferred forages. Further research over more than 4 consecutive days will be required to determine the time necessary for 'naive' animals to be considered 'experienced'. These data also suggest that active cattle management may be focused on relatively few species even when pastures contain a heterogeneous mix of forages. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EOARC, Burns, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, HC-71 4-51 Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB 26 PY 1999 VL 62 IS 4 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00233-0 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 164YU UT WOS:000078491800002 ER PT J AU Lemke, SL Mayura, K Ottinger, SE McKenzie, KS Wang, N Fickey, C Kubena, LF Phillips, TD AF Lemke, SL Mayura, K Ottinger, SE McKenzie, KS Wang, N Fickey, C Kubena, LF Phillips, TD TI Assessment of the estrogenic effects of zearalenone after treatment with ozone utilizing the mouse uterine weight bioassay SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS; MICE; DETOXIFICATION AB The ability of ozone gas (O-3) to detoxify zearalenone (ZEN), a commonly occurring estrogenic mycotoxin, was assessed utilizing the mouse uterine weight bioassay. Solutions containing 12 ppm ZEN in water were ozonated for varying time periods (0, 0.5, and 5 min), then extracted with chloroform and evaporated to dryness. The residue was redissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed for ZEN. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of aliquots indicated a rapid degradation and decline in parent ZEN level with increasing time of ozone treatment. The acetonitrile solution containing the degraded ZEN residue was added to a known volume of corn oil and evaporated under nitrogen to eliminate the acetonitrile in the oil. Eighteen-day-old prepubertal female mice (B6C3F1 strain) were gavaged daily with the test chemicals in 50 mu l of corn oil between d 18 and 23. Initial dose-response studies showed that a concentration of 60 mu g ZEN/mouse/d produced uterine weights that were significantly higher than the uterine weights of control animals (2.7 times higher than that of the solvent control). Treatment groups for the ozonation study included: DES, 0.1 mu g (positive control), untreated ZEN (60 mu g), extraction control for ZEN (60 mu g), 0.5 min ozone-treated ZEN (60 mu g), 5 min ozone-treated ZEN (60 mu g), solvent control (50 mu l), and absolute control. Results showed the uterine weights of animals receiving the ozone-treated ZEN were not significantly affected. These findings were in agreement with HPLC analyses and suggested that ozone can prevent the estrogenic effects of this important mycotoxin in mice, importantly, ozone treatment of contaminated whole grains may enable the practical detoxification and control of ZEN. Also, the mouse uterine weight bioassay may be useful in assessing the efficacy of other detoxification strategies for estrogenic chemicals. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol VAPH, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lynntech Inc, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, Food Anim Protect Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol VAPH, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tphillips@cvm.tamu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-74552, R01 CA074552, R01 CA074552-06]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ESO9106, P42-ES04917] NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD FEB 26 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1080/009841099158114 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 168QW UT WOS:000078704600005 PM 10706245 ER PT J AU Portis, AR Zhang, XH AF Portis, AR Zhang, XH TI Green revolutions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 26 PY 1999 VL 283 IS 5406 BP 1267 EP 1267 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 171AM UT WOS:000078839900021 ER PT J AU Grossman-Clarke, S Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Long, SP Garcia, RL Kartschall, T Wall, GW Printer, PJ Wechsung, F LaMorte, RL AF Grossman-Clarke, S Kimball, BA Hunsaker, DJ Long, SP Garcia, RL Kartschall, T Wall, GW Printer, PJ Wechsung, F LaMorte, RL TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on canopy transpiration in senescent spring wheat SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; stomatal conductance; transpiration; photosynthesis; leaf nitrogen; spring wheat; senescence ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE; C-3 PLANTS; WATER-USE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF; LEAVES; MODEL; NITROGEN AB The seasonal course of canopy transpiration and the diurnal courses of latent heat flux of a spring wheat crop were simulated for atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 370 and 550 mu mol mol(-1). The hourly weather data, soil parameters and the irrigation and fertilizer treatments of the Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment wheat experiment in Arizona (1992-1993) were used to drive the model. The simulation results were tested against field measurements with special emphasis on the period between anthesis and maturity. A model integrating leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance was scaled to canopy level in order to be used in the wheat growth model. The simulated intercellular CO2 concentration, C-i, was determined from the ratio of C-i to the CO2 concentration at the leaf surface, C-s, the leaf-to-air specific humidity deficit and a possibly unfulfilled transpiration demand, After anthesis, the measured assimilation rates of the flag leaves decreased more rapidly than their stomatal conductances, leading to a rise in the C-i/C-s ratio. In order to describe this observation, an empirical model approach was developed which took into account the leaf nitrogen content for the calculation of the C-i/C-s ratio. Simulation results obtained with the new model version were in good agreement with the measurements. If changes in the C-i/C-s ratio in accordance with the decrease in leaf nitrogen content during leaf senescence were not considered in the model, simulations revealed an underestimation of the daily canopy transpiration of up to 20% and a decrease in simulated seasonal canopy transpiration by 10%. The measured reduction in the seasonal sum of canopy transpiration and soil evaporation owing to CO2 enrichment, in comparison, was only about 5%. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Essex, Dept Biol Sci, John Tabor Labs, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. LI COR Inc, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. RP Grossman-Clarke, S (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, POB 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. EM sgclarke@primenet.com RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 93 IS 2 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00111-7 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 170CC UT WOS:000078787400002 ER PT J AU Dugas, WA Heuer, ML Mayeux, HS AF Dugas, WA Heuer, ML Mayeux, HS TI Carbon dioxide fluxes over bermudagrass, native prairie, and sorghum SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon flux; grassland; sequestration; Bowen ratio; CO2; soil CO2 flux ID WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 FLUX; SOIL; EXCHANGE; GRASSLAND; CANOPY; CHAMBER; BUDGET; INCREASES AB The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) method was used to measure 30 min water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2) duxes over three fields dominated by different C-4 grasses (bermudagrass, tallgrass native prairie, and sorghum) at the Blackland Research Center, Temple, TX. Fluxes were related to biotic and abiotic phenomena. Carbon accumulation rates calculated from BREB measurements were compared with those determined from plant biomass measurements. Thirty min CO2 fluxes were measured continuously from 22 February to 22 November (days 53-326) in 1993 and from 3 March to 22 November (days 62-326) in 1994. Soil CO2 fluxes were measured periodically in each field and from a bare soil. In all fields, average daily evapotranspiration varied from less than 1 mm day(-1) in March and November to about 5 mm day(-1) in June and July. The CO2 fluxes, which were affected by leaf area, radiation, and soil water content, were near zero in each held in the fall and spring and were maximum in the summer (positive toward surface). Total annual CO2 flux in the bermudagrass, which was sprigged (planted with grass stolons) in April 1993, was -0.4 and 2.8 kg of CO2 m(-2) year(-1) (which are equivalent to -0.1 and 0.8 kg of carbon (C) m(-2) year(-1)) in 1993 and 1994, respectively The larger flux in the second year was due to greater bermudagrass leaf area. Corresponding annual CO2 fluxes were 0.2 and 0.3 kg m(-2) year(-1) (0.05 and 0.08 kg C m(-2) year(-1)) for the prairie, and 0.9 and -0.3 kg m(-2) year(-1) (0.2 and -0.09 kg C m(-2) year(-1)) for the sorghum. Bare soil CO2 flux was a small fraction of soil CO2 flux from all fields, suggesting that a considerable amount of soil CO2 flux was due to root respiration. The dry matter accumulation rate calculated for each year and field from CO2 flux measurements was within 20% of the rate calculated from gravimetric biomass measurements. The prairie and sorghum fields were in approximate equilibrium for C storage because estimated annual CO2 fluxes were near zero. By contrast, the bermudagrass field was a large C sink, primarily in the roots, during the second year. This substantiates other evidence that conversion from continuously cultivated cropland to grassland could create a short-term C sink (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Dugas, WA (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM dugas@brc.tamus.edu NR 46 TC 150 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 93 IS 2 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00118-X PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 170CC UT WOS:000078787400004 ER PT J AU Rauscher, HM AF Rauscher, HM TI Ecosystem management decision support for federal forests in the United States: A review SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE ecosystem management; decision analysis; management systems; management philosophy; decision support system ID NATURAL-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; LESSONS; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; POLICY; FUTURE; GREEN AB Ecosystem management has been adopted as the philosophical paradigm guiding management on many federal forests in the United States. The strategic goal of ecosystem management is to find a sensible middle ground between ensuring long-term protection of the environment while allowing an increasing population to use its natural resources for maintaining and improving human life. Ecosystem management has all the characteristics of 'wicked' problems that are tricky, complex, and thorny. Ambiguities, conflicts, internal inconsistencies, unknown but large costs, lack of organized approaches, institutional shock and confusion, lack of scientific understanding of management consequences, and turbulent, rapidly changing power centers all contribute to the wickedness of the ecosystem management paradigm. Given that ecosystem management, Like human survival and welfare, is a wicked problem, how can we proceed to tame it? Managers need to use the same tools that people have always used for handling such problems - knowledge, organization, judicious simplification, and inspired leadership. The generic theory of decision support system development and application is well developed. Numerous specific ecosystem management decision support systems (EM-DSS) have been developed and are evolving in their capabilities. There is no doubt that given a set of ecosystem management processes to support and adequate time and resources, effective EM-DSS can be developed. On the other hand, there is considerable doubt that sufficiently detailed, explicitly described and widely accepted processes for implementing ecosystem management can be crafted given the current institutional, educational, social and political climate. A socio-political climate in which everyone wants to reap the benefits and no one wants to pay the costs, incapacitates the federal forest management decision making process. Developing a workable ecosystem management process and the decision making tools to support it is probably one of the most complex and urgent challenges facing us today. This paper offers a concise review of the state of the art of decision support systems related to implementing ecosystem management. A conceptual model of the context in which ecosystem management is expected to function is presented. Next, a candidate for an operational ecosystem management process is described and others are referenced. Finally, a generic ecosystem management decision support system is presented and many existing systems briefly described. (C) Published by Elsevier Science 1999. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Res & Demonstrat Forest, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. RP Rauscher, HM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Res & Demonstrat Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. EM mrauscher/srs_bentcreek@fs.fed.us NR 127 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00350-8 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600003 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Hendrick, RL Major, AE Vose, JM Swank, WT AF Elliott, KJ Hendrick, RL Major, AE Vose, JM Swank, WT TI Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE pine-oak heath; restoration; mortality; Kalmia latifolia; Pinus rigida; Quercus spp.; Herbaceous flora; diversity; species nomenclature follows Radford et al. (1968) ID OAK FORESTS; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; DIVERSITY; STANDS; UNDERSTORY; RIDGE AB In April 1995, the USDA Forest Service conducted a prescribed burn along with a south-facing slope of southern Appalachian watershed, Nantahala National Forest, western NC. Fire had been excluded for over 70 years and the purpose of the burn was to create a mosaic of fire intensities to restore a degraded pine/hardwood community and to stimulate forage production and promote oak regeneration along a hillslope gradient. Permanent plots were sampled at three locations along a gradient from 1500 to 1700 m. Plot locations corresponded to three community types: mesic, near-riparian cove (low slope); dry, mixed-oak (mid slope); and xeric, pine/hardwood (ridge). Before burning (1994-1995) and post-burn (summer, 1995 and summer, 1996) vegetation measurements were used to determine the effects of fire on the mortality and regeneration of overstory trees, understory shrubs, and herbaceous species. After the burn, mortality was highest (31%) at the ridge location, substantially reducing overstory (from 26.84 pre-burn to 19.05 m(2) ha(-1) post-burn) and understory shrub (from 6.52 pre-burn to 0.37 m(2) ha(-1) post-burn) basal area. At the mid-slope position, mortality was only 3%, and no mortality occurred at the low slope. Not surprisingly, percent mortality corresponded to the level of fire intensity. Basal area of Kalmia latifolia, Gaylussacia baccata, and Vaccinium spp. were substantially reduced after the fire, but density increased due to prolific sprouting. The prescribed fire had varying effects on species richness and diversity across the hillslope gradient. On the ridge, diversity was significantly increased in the understory and herb-layer, but decreased in the overstory. On the mid slope, no change was observed in the overstory, but diversity significantly decreased in the understory. On the low slope, no change was observed in the overstory or understory. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 48 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00351-X PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600004 ER PT J AU Vose, JM Swank, WT Clinton, BD Knoepp, JD Swift, LW AF Vose, JM Swank, WT Clinton, BD Knoepp, JD Swift, LW TI Using stand replacement fires to restore southern Appalachian pine-hardwood ecosystems: effects on mass, carbon, and nutrient pools SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV ID NITROGEN; SOIL AB Pine-hardwood ecosystems in the southern Appalachians are in serious decline due to fire exclusion and insect infestations. Fire has been advanced as a tool to restore these ecosystems, yet there are few studies evaluating overall ecosystem effects. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of stand restoration burning on forest floor nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools, and soil and stream chemistry. We measured changes in forest floor (coarse woody debris, small wood, litter, and humus) mass, N, and C; changes in soil chemistry (calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, C, and N); and changes in stream nitrate (NO(3)). Results showed that significant reductions in mass, N, and C occurred only for litter and small wood on the ridge, where N losses were 52.9 kg ha(-1) for litter and small wood combined. No significant effects were observed on the mid- or lower slope of the treatment watershed. Losses on the ridge are considerably lower than losses which occur with alternative burning treatments used in the region, such as the fell and burn treatment. Soil and stream chemistry showed no response to burning. Spatial heterogeneity in fire intensity (combustion temperatures ranged from <52->800 degrees C) and severity associated with stand replacement burning results in a mosaic of fire effects and considerably less consumption and subsequent nutrient losses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Vose, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00352-1 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600005 ER PT J AU Solomon, DS Gove, JH AF Solomon, DS Gove, JH TI Effects of uneven-age management intensity on structural diversity in two major forest types in New England SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE diversity profiles; northern hardwoods; spruce-fir; management AB Changes in species and diameter class diversity were followed over time in uneven-aged northern hardwood and spruce-fir stands in New England that have been managed to maintain objectives for species composition and residual stand density. Plots in the northern hardwood stands have been treated for 25 years under uneven-age management and harvested to four residual basal area levels (40, 60, 80, and 100 ft(2) per acre) while retaining three structural levels (30, 45, and 60% sawtimber). These plots were harvested once in the past 25 years with remeasurements approximately every 5 years. In addition, the spruce-fir stands have been managed under three uneven-age management regimes that vary in residual diameter class distribution and stand density. Over a 40-year period, these stands have been harvested every 5, 10, or 20 years, with remeasurements approximately every 5 years. Diversity profiles were constructed to follow changes in tree species and horizontal diameter class diversity. Criteria for assessing changes in diversity over time need to be based on the major control variable used in the management of the individual stands. Depending on the measurement used in treatment - basal area, volume, etc, can provide a more accurate assessment of diversity than number of individuals by species. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Solomon, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00358-2 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600011 ER PT J AU Dibble, AC Brissette, JC Hunter, ML AF Dibble, AC Brissette, JC Hunter, ML TI Putting community data to work: some understory plants indicate red spruce regeneration habitat SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE biodiversity; indicator plants; red spruce; regeneration; understory; forest succession ID FOREST MANAGEMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MAINE PEATLANDS; BOREAL FOREST; NEW-BRUNSWICK; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; VEGETATION; HERBS AB When harvested, red spruce (Picea rubens) at low elevations is vulnerable to temporary displacement by balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and hardwoods. If indicator plants can be found by which to assess spruce regeneration habitat, then biota dependent on red spruce dominance could benefit. Associations between spruce seedlings (0.1-0.5 m tall) and understory plants, species life histories, and successional processes can be considered in managing for biodiversity; species richness alone is inadequate. Data from eight Maine sites in 50 permanent 0.0625 ha plots and 600 1 m(2) subplots along a disturbance gradient included 30 understory species and nine environmental variables. In a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the first two canonical axes accounted for 64.6% of the species-environment relationship; their eigenvalues accounted for 22% of the total variation. Spruce seedlings were sparse in clearcuts and most abundant in stands that were partially harvested at greater than or equal to 20 year intervals and where Curtis' Relative density, softwood:hardwood ratio, and percent of understory plants visited by bees were all high. We propose a suite of common, widespread herbs and a liverwort as potential indicators, but recognize that parent trees probably influence red spruce seedling density more than does ground flora composition. (C) Published by Elsevier Science 1999. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Dibble, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM adibble@panax.com NR 80 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00359-4 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600012 ER PT J AU Rudis, VA Thill, RE Gramann, JH Picone, J Kalidindi, N Tappe, PA AF Rudis, VA Thill, RE Gramann, JH Picone, J Kalidindi, N Tappe, PA TI Understory structure by season following uneven-aged reproduction cutting: A comparison of selected measures 2 and 6 years after treatment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV ID MODELS AB Rudis, V.A., Thill, R.E., Gramann, J.H., Picone, J., Kalidindi, N. and Tappe, P.A. 1999. Understory structure by season following uneven-aged reproduction cutting: a comparison of selected measures 2 and 6 years after treatment. For. Ecol. Manage. 1998. Deciding among cutting practices requires knowledge of forest structure, understory vegetation change, rates of recovery, and resource impacts. We used two field devices (a screenometer and a density board) and digital images of 35 mm photographs to compare measures and document the change in understory vegetation structure in forests following reproduction cutting disturbances. The study area, mostly 70-year old second-growth shortleaf pine-oak (Pinus echinata-Quercus spp.), had an average basal area of 26 m(2)/ha. Treatments retained 13.8 m2/ha in pine and three levels of hardwood basal area. The 21 m(2)/ha treatment retained 33% hardwood basal area in a scattered condition. One 17 m(2)/ha treatment retained 20% hardwoods in a clustered or grouped pattern, and another treatment retained 20% hardwoods scattered throughout. A fourth treatment retained no hardwood basal area. When compared with untreated (control) plots, vegetative screening increased on treated plots relative to untreated plots by degree of initial cutting disturbance. Both the screenometer and the density board readings distinguished between control and treated plots, but significant differences occurred by season, year, and height above ground. Digital information from scanned images yielded promising results by detecting significant differences in the amount of blue color intensity and the proportion of line objects. Color intensities were significantly different by season and year after treatment, that is, lowest in summer and highest in spring, and greater 2 years after treatment rather than 6 years after treatment. Results indicated that detection of disturbed conditions and recovery following disturbance varied with the scale and type of measurement. Each device estimated different structural dimensions. We concluded that assessment and modeling of understory structure, change, and recovery depended strongly on the cell size of the device used. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Starkville, MS 39760 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71655 USA. RP Rudis, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Starkville, MS 39760 USA. EM vrudis@usfs.msstate.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00361-2 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600014 ER PT J AU Burns, GA Whiting, RM LeGrande, GM Dickson, JG AF Burns, GA Whiting, RM LeGrande, GM Dickson, JG TI Wildlife linkages: volumes and values of residual timber in riparian zones in eastern Texas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AB In regenerating southern pine, maintenance of riparian zones (RZs) is a major land concession for soil and water protection and wildlife habitat enhancement. However, there are few data quantifying the volume and value of residual timber in such areas. We inventoried merchantable timber in nine RZs of three widths in sapling-class East Texas pine plantations. Present, discounted, and projected volumes and values of residual timber were determined. Average per-acre volumes of narrow, medium, and wide RZs were 337, 1438, and 2542 board feet (Doyle log rule) and 4.6, 8.2, and 7.2 cords, respectively. At US$ 154.00 and US$ 57.00 per thousand board feet for pine and hardwood saw timber, respectively, and US$ 15.00 and US$ 5.00 per cord for pine and hardwood pulpwood, respectively, average present per-acre values were US$46.41, US$ 209.93 and US$ 352.75 for narrow, medium, and wide RZs. Interest rates for the growth of trees from 1981 to 1989 ranged 3.7%-23.5% for pine and 2.2%-6.1% for hardwood. For the 1981-1989 discount period, average per-acre net annual equivalents of narrow, medium, and wide RZs were US$ 4.52, US$ 20.46, and US$ 34.38, respectively. Stumpage values at the time of harvest projected at 7% compound interest for 30 years ranged US$ 10.66-US$ 3547.54 per acre and for 80 years ranged US$ 313.93-US$ 104499.95 per acre. The impact of these results on wildlife is discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Burns Forestry, Crockett, TX 75835 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Whiting, RM (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00362-4 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600015 ER PT J AU Schaberg, RH Holmes, TP Lee, KJ Abt, RC AF Schaberg, RH Holmes, TP Lee, KJ Abt, RC TI Ascribing value to ecological processes: an economic view of environmental change SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE environmental economics; non-market benefits; trade-off analysis ID FOREST; MANAGEMENT AB Decisions made by individual landowners and public land managers can have a significant impact on the rates of ecological change. Interdisciplinary cooperation is desirable if economists and ecologists are to correctly interpret the impacts of individual choices for landscape management. This paper reports results from two studies of the residents of North Carolina which contrast individual preferences for utilitarian forest benefits and financial returns with less tangible benefits of forest amenities and ecosystem stability. One study reports preliminary findings from a forest-benefit mail survey on the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests; the second study presents an analysis of harvest decisions by private landowners. Economic methods pertinent to valuation of environmental goods are briefly considered. Individual behavior is described which suggests that segments of the public recognize welfare benefits specifically from forest amenities, and from 'natural' production of environmental goods and services. The two studies suggest how economic tools may be extended to help quantify complex social and biological Values associated with ecological processes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Schaberg, RH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00363-6 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600016 ER PT J AU Rinne, JN Stefferud, JA AF Rinne, JN Stefferud, JA TI Single versus multiple species management: native fishes in Arizona SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV ID AQUATIC HABITATS; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHWESTERN; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; TOPMINNOW; APACHE AB The question of single vs, multiple species management of threatened and endangered fishes is discussed using examples from Arizona, where efforts to conserve native fishes have largely taken a single species, 'real' approach. Such a strategy has been dictated by multiple factors including: (1) the interaction between climate and topography - interaction that legislates regional hydrology, (2) marked alteration of historic hydrology by dams, diversion, and groundwater mining, and (3) introduction of non-native species of fishes. However, opportunities for multiple and perhaps 'ideal' species management must be continually embraced, despite the increased complexity of the task. In either case, conservation of native fish communities is inseparable from conservation of habitats and will require sustaining the few remaining un-dammed, free-flowing rivers in the State and managing rivers or drainage basins to incorporate (1) sustainable riparian-stream habitats and security of habitats, (2) an ecosystem, watershed or river basin approach, and (3) a cooperative (i.e. interagency), long-term, and vigilant approach. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Forest Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Tonto Natl Forest, Phoenix, AZ 85010 USA. RP Rinne, JN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Forest Sci Ctr, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00366-1 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600019 ER PT J AU Flebbe, PA AF Flebbe, PA TI Trout use of woody debris and habitat in Wine Spring Creek, North Carolina SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE brook trout; ecosystem management; large woody debris; rainbow trout; southern Appalachian mountains; trout; trout habitat; trout streams ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; MOUNTAINS AB Wine Spring Creek basin, in the mountains of North Carolina's Nantahala National Forest, is an ecosystem management demonstration site, in which ecological concepts for management and restoration are tested. Large woody debris (LWD) is an important link between streams and the adjacent riparian forest, but evidence for the connection between LWD and trout in southern Appalachian streams is limited. Woody debris loadings, trout habitat, and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were inventoried for the entire 9.8 km that trout occupy in Wine Spring Creek. Compared to two reference streams in North Carolina old-growth forests, Wine Spring Creek had less LWD, evidence of conditions associated with mid-successional riparian forests. More units in Wine Spring Creek lacked LWD altogether and accumulations of two or more pieces of LWD were less common than was the case in the reference watersheds. On average, about 71% of pools and riffles in Wine Spring Creek were occupied by trout, compared to about 90% in reference streams. Trout nearly always occupied pools with at least two pieces of LWD, but rates of occupancy for pools with one or no LWD pieces and riffles were unusually low compared to reference streams. Habitats on the lower and middle reaches on the mainstem of Wine Spring Creek had highest trout numbers and were nearly always occupied by trout. In these reaches, riparian ages were older and stream habitat had abundant LWD or boulder substrate. Upper reaches of Wine Spring Creek and its tributaries, however, were characterized by less mature riparian forest, less LWD and Little boulder substrate, low rates of trout occupancy, and lower trout numbers. These conditions are the basis for an LWD addition experiment in headwater reaches. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Forest Serv, USDA,So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Flebbe, PA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, US Forest Serv, USDA,So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00367-3 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600020 ER PT J AU McNab, WH Browning, SA Simon, SA Fouts, PE AF McNab, WH Browning, SA Simon, SA Fouts, PE TI An unconventional approach to ecosystem unit classification in western North Carolina, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE presence-absence transformation; TWINSPAN; detrended correspondence analysis; canonical correspondence analysis; CANOCO; discriminant analysis ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; FORESTED LANDSCAPES; ORDINATION; PATTERNS; ORDER; OAK AB We used an unconventional combination of data transformation and multivariate analyses to reduce subjectivity in identification of ecosystem units in a mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. Vegetative cover and environmental variables were measured on 79 stratified, randomly located, 0.1 ha sample plots in a 4000 ha watershed. Binary transformation of percent cover followed by direct and indirect ordination indicated the 185 inventoried species were associated primarily with soil A-horizon thickness, soil base saturation, and aspect. Redundant cluster analyses, consisting of divisive and agglomerative methods for multivariate classification of core plots, followed by selective discriminant analysis of remaining non-core plots, indicated that the continuum of vegetation and environment could be grouped into five ecosystem units. Approximately 20 herbaceous, shrubs, and tree species and several soil and topographic variables were highly significant discriminators of ecosystem units. We also demonstrated that redundant cluster analysis may be used to subdivide ecosystem units into subunits of uniform understory composition and associated environment. Validation and refinement of classification units, linkage with faunal biological components, and arrangement into landscape areas suitable for resource management is needed before field application. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Nantahala Natl Forest, Franklin, NC 28734 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forests NC, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Robbinsville High Sch, Robbinsville, NC 28771 USA. RP McNab, WH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 405 EP 420 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600024 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, PG Jeffrey, J AF Scowcroft, PG Jeffrey, J TI Potential significance of frost, topographic relief, and Acacia koa stands to restoration of mesic Hawaiian forests on abandoned rangeland SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE reforestation; Acacia koa; Montane tropical forest; nurse crop; frost damage ID TREE PLANTATIONS; TROPICAL SOILS; COSTA-RICA; PASTURE; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Beginning in the 1850 s, logging, land clearing, and burning were used to convert high elevation Hawaiian forests to cattle pasture. Recently, declining profits from ranching, the need to expand habitat for endangered species, and diminishing supplies of native saw-timber have prompted interest in restoring native forests. The Forest Service, in cooperation with the Fish and Wildlife Service, is studying climatic, edaphic, and biotic limitations in the reforestation of grassland and savanna in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, island of Hawaii. Frost damage has been implicated in poor survival of Acacia koa, a dominant native nitrogen fixing tree, and other endemic plants. Data showed that for some years freezing temperatures were common above 1800 m elevation, and that A. koa seedling survival was poorest on micro-topographic sites where freezing temperatures were lowest and most prolonged. Artificial frost protection devices enhanced A. koa seedling survival, presumably by reducing radiative cooling. A similar reduction in radiative cooling was observed under a stand of 4 m tall A. koa. Such stands also changed soil chemical properties, making them intermediate between those of grassland and forest. Light levels near the ground under A. koa were similar to those found in forests, but not as low as those found under pasture grasses. Biomass and nutrient pools of the litter-herbaceous layer were affected by micro-topographic position in the landscape and by the presence of stands of A. koa. Using A. koa as a nurse crop may create understory conditions favorable for the establishment of other plant components of a mixed-species forest. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDI, Hakalau forest Natl Wildlife Refuge, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Scowcroft, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pscowcro/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us; john_jeffrey@mail.fws.gov NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00374-0 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600027 ER PT J AU Trani, MK Giles, RH AF Trani, MK Giles, RH TI An analysis of deforestation: Metrics used to describe pattern change SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop (NAFEW97) CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA HO NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DE landscape ecology; deforestation; pattern metrics; environmental assessment; species persistence; wildlife habitat analysis ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; USA AB Cartographic modeling was used to examine the influence of deforestation on landscape pattern metrics. Progressive deforestation resulted in an increase in the spatial heterogeneity, fragmentation, and edge characteristics of a landscape while connectivity attributes varied with deforestation stage. Pattern changes in heterogeneity and edge characteristics were curvilinear, with metrics changing direction at the half-way point of deforestation. The progressive loss of forest enhanced edge length, interspersion, and convexity. There was an exponential decline in interior forest and mean patch size, while patch density and interpatch distance increased. The variability displayed by several pattern metrics reflect the unpredictability in patch disappearance. The relative contribution of each metric for discriminating between contiguous and fragmented landscape conditions was ranked using discriminant analysis. The results suggested that the mastery of landscape analysis can be directly Linked to the choice of the pattern metric. Percent forest interior, contiguity, and convexity were highly significant (P<0.001). Forest loss was also significantly reflected by mean patch size, number of patches, mean patch density, and interpatch distance. Metrics that contributed Little to discrimination displayed unpredictable behavior or exhibited high variability about their mean values. This paper develops an approach for monitoring the influence of deforestation on the landscape, and examines how pattern-related habitat components are affected by deforestation. The ability to quantify pattern change resulting from deforestation has direct implications to resource management and wildlife habitat assessment. Descriptions of pattern change accompanying deforestation provide a critical component of habitat analyses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, George Washington Natl Forests, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Trani, MK (reprint author), 5162 Valleypointe Pkwy, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 459 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00375-2 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 167DD UT WOS:000078616600028 ER PT J AU Cenarro, A Pocovi, M Giraldo, P Garcia-Otin, AL Ordovas, JM AF Cenarro, A Pocovi, M Giraldo, P Garcia-Otin, AL Ordovas, JM TI Plasma lipoprotein responses to enzyme-replacement in Gaucher's disease SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA,JM, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Hosp Miguel Servet, Dept Haematol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem Mol & Cellular Biol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA,JM, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Garcia-Otin, Angel-Luis/P-9595-2016; OI Garcia-Otin, Angel-Luis/0000-0002-5123-2480; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9153 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00188-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170QU UT WOS:000078818200018 PM 10030334 ER PT J AU Henriksson, G Akin, DE Slomczynski, D Eriksson, KEL AF Henriksson, G Akin, DE Slomczynski, D Eriksson, KEL TI Production of highly efficient enzymes for flax retting by Rhizomucor pusillus SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flax; retting; (Rhixomucor pusillus); pectinase ID CELL-WALLS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; CORTICAL PARENCHYMA; CALCIUM; HYPOCOTYL; PECTINS AB The fungus Rhizomucor pusillus grew well on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stems and on pectin as the sole source of carbon. Of several fungal isolates from dew-retted flax: R. pusillus produced enzyme filtrates that were the most effective in retting flax as evaluated by the Fried test. Addition of the chelator oxalic acid enhanced the retting efficiency of culture filtrates from the fungal isolates, with those of R. pusillus giving the highest degree of retting, Approximately one tenth of the protein concentration of R. pusillus as that of the commercial product Flaxzyme produced the same degree of flax retting. The culture filtrate of R pusillus contained high levels of pectinase activity, low levels of pectin methyl esterase activity, low cellulase and mannase activities, and no pectin lyase or xylanase activities. In our assay, pectinase activity was highest at pH 6.0 and 40 degrees C. The enzyme mixture in the filtrates of cultures grown on citrus-pectin appeared to contain relatively few proteins according to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. R, pusillus produces a simple and efficient enzyme mixture that could provide an opportunity to determine the contribution of specific enzymes to flax retting. Results further suggest that hemicellulase and cellulase may not be required to ret flax. These studies provide information on enzymes towards the goal of developing a commercial process for enzymatic retting of Bar. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 27 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD FEB 19 PY 1999 VL 68 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00192-8 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 179QK UT WOS:000079340000003 ER PT J AU Wechsler, E D'Aleo, C Hill, VA Hopper, J Myers-Wiley, D O'Keefe, E Jacobs, J Guido, F Huang, A Dodt, SN Rowan, B Sherman, M Greenberg, A Schneider, D Noone, B Fanella, L Williamson, BR Dinda, E Mayer, M Backer, M Agasan, A Kornstein, L Stavinsky, F Neal, B Edwards, D Haroon, M Hurley, D Colbert, L Miller, J Mojica, B Carloni, E Devine, B Cambridge, M Root, T Schoonmaker, D Shayegani, M Hastback, W Wallace, B Kondracki, S Smith, P Matiuck, S Pilot, K Acharya, M Wolf, G Manley, W Genese, C Brooks, J Dembek, Z Hadler, J AF Wechsler, E D'Aleo, C Hill, VA Hopper, J Myers-Wiley, D O'Keefe, E Jacobs, J Guido, F Huang, A Dodt, SN Rowan, B Sherman, M Greenberg, A Schneider, D Noone, B Fanella, L Williamson, BR Dinda, E Mayer, M Backer, M Agasan, A Kornstein, L Stavinsky, F Neal, B Edwards, D Haroon, M Hurley, D Colbert, L Miller, J Mojica, B Carloni, E Devine, B Cambridge, M Root, T Schoonmaker, D Shayegani, M Hastback, W Wallace, B Kondracki, S Smith, P Matiuck, S Pilot, K Acharya, M Wolf, G Manley, W Genese, C Brooks, J Dembek, Z Hadler, J TI Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound - Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 48, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. Nassau Cty Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Mineola, NY USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Hauppauge, NY USA. New York City Bur Labs, Enter Pathogens Lab, New York, NY USA. New York City Bur Labs, Environm Microbiol Lab, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Bur Community Sanitat & Food Protect, New York, NY USA. Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, New York, NY USA. Bur Communicable Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Bur Labs, New York, NY USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, US FDA, Hartford, CT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, State Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wechsler, E (reprint author), Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 7 BP 603 EP 604 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165YA UT WOS:000078548400010 ER PT J AU Gomez-Cadenas, A Verhey, SD Holappa, LD Shen, QX Ho, THD Walker-Simmons, MK AF Gomez-Cadenas, A Verhey, SD Holappa, LD Shen, QX Ho, THD Walker-Simmons, MK TI An abscisic acid-induced protein kinase, PKABA1, mediates abscisic acid-suppressed gene expression in barley aleurone layers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLIN RESPONSE COMPLEX; ATP-BINDING-SITE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; WATER-DEFICIT; PROMOTER; STRESS; PLANTS; WHEAT; ABA; TOLERANCE AB The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces genes-encoding proteins involved in desiccation tolerance and dormancy in seeds, but ABA also suppresses gibberellin (GA)-responsive genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes essential for postgermination growth. A unique serine/threonine protein kinase, PKABA1 mRNA, up-regulated by ABA in seeds, has been identified. In this report, the effect of PKABA1 on the signal transduction pathway mediating ABA induction and suppression of genes has been determined in aleurone layers of barley seeds. Two groups of gene constructs were introduced to barley aleurone layers by using particle bombardment: the reporter constructs containing the coding sequence of beta-glucuronidase gene linked to hormone-responsive promoters and the effector constructs containing the coding region of protein kinases linked to a constitutive promoter. Constitutive expression of PKABA1 drastically suppressed expression of low- and high-pi cu-amylase and protease genes induced by GA. However, the presence of PKABA1 had only a small effect on the ABA induction of a gene encoding a late embryogenesis abundant protein, HVA1. Our results indicate that PKABA1 acts as a key intermediate in the signal transduction pathway leading to the suppression of GA-inducible gene expression in cereal aleurone layers. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ho, THD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Gomez-Cadenas, Aurelio/K-6084-2012 OI Gomez-Cadenas, Aurelio/0000-0002-4598-2664 NR 45 TC 140 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 16 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1767 EP 1772 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1767 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 168ND UT WOS:000078698400107 PM 9990099 ER PT J AU Jacques, D Mouvet, C Mohanty, B Vereecken, H Feyen, J AF Jacques, D Mouvet, C Mohanty, B Vereecken, H Feyen, J TI Spatial variability of atrazine sorption parameters and other soil properties in a podzoluvisol SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE multivariate geostatistics; hydrology; stochastic processes; transport; sorption; median polish ID ADSORBING SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; UNSATURATED SOILS; CORRELATION SCALE; VARIABLE FIELDS; RESISTANT; PESTICIDE; INFILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; MOVEMENT AB The spatial variability of the K(f) and n parameters of the Freundlich sorption isotherm for atrazine and their correlation with soil textural variables, cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content were studied in a stagnic podzoluvisol. Ninety-three sample points were organized on an irregular three-dimensional grid to a depth of 3.2 m. A trend in the vertical direction explains, for most variables, about 85% of the observed variance. This trend also significantly influences the observed correlation structure between the variables. The horizontal and vertical trends were removed from the data set with the median polish algorithm. The residuals resulting from this technique obey the intrinsic hypothesis. Organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity and n revealed spatial structure. The estimated correlation length scales in the vertical direction were between 0.63-0.81 m for n and the organic carbon content, and between 0.25-0.40 m for the cation exchange capacity. The variograms of sand, loam, clay and K(f) exhibited pure nugget. The correlation structures between the variables differ for different spatial increments. Variables appeared correlated at small spatial increments whereas they are not correlated if the spatial location of the sample points is neglected. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, Dept Hydrol Geochem & Transfers, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Forschungszentrum, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Jacques, D (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM diederik.jacques@agr.kuleuven.ac.be RI Jacques, Diederik/C-5887-2009; OI Jacques, Diederik/0000-0001-9393-2963 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00141-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 166YU UT WOS:000078606300002 ER PT J AU Arshad, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Gill, KS AF Arshad, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Gill, KS TI Improving barley yield on an acidic Boralf with crop rotation, lime, and zero tillage SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barley; Canola; crop rotation; lime; pea; tillage ID SEMIARID CLIMATE; SOIL; SASKATCHEWAN; NITROGEN; GROWTH; MANURE; COLD; CORN AB Alternatives to the traditional small grain-bare fallow system on the Canadian Prairies are needed to avoid long-term deterioration of soil quality and to stabilize income. Canola (Brassica campestris L.) or pea (Piscum sativum L.) replaced traditional bare fallow in a 3-year rotation with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a Mollic Cryoboralf near Beaverlodge, Alberta. Liming (none and 7.5 Mg ha(-1) in 1991) and tillage [conventional shallow (CT) and zero tillage (ZT)] were factorially arranged with crop rotation to assess barley grain and stover production during 1993-1995. Barley grain yield was 11+/-5% greater during the first phase following canola or pea than during the second phase, During both phases in the rotation, barley yield was 8+/-5% greater with pea than with canola. Crop rotation had little effect on barley stover production. Liming increased barley grain yield 17+/-8% and stover yield 13+/-13%, which could be attributed to the maintenance of soil pH at 6.2+/-0.1 after liming compared with 5.0+/-0.1 without liming. Zero tillage produced a grain yield advantage and a stover yield disadvantage in one of three years, but had no detrimental effect on stover or grain yield in other years. Volumetric soil water content of the surface 0-0.2 m under ZT was 0.03+/-0.02 m(3) m(-3) greater than under CT. Highest grain production (barley-barley-pea, limed, ZT) was 4.35+/-0.34 Mg ha(-1), while lowest grain production (barley-barley-canola, unlimed, CT) was 2.88+/-0.53 Mg ha(-1). Our results indicate that increased barley productivity could be achieved with pea compared with canola in rotation. Liming and ZT further improved barley yield on this acidic soil in the cold semiarid region of the Canadian Prairies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, No Agr Res Ctr, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada. ARS, AJ Franzluebbers, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Arshad, MA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, No Agr Res Ctr, Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 50 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00194-9 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 176AN UT WOS:000079128500005 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Duke, SO Jacobs, NJ AF Dayan, FE Rimando, AM Duke, SO Jacobs, NJ TI Thiol-dependent degradation of protoporphyrin IX by plant peroxidases SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE porphyrin; tetrapyrrole; degradation; breakdown; turn-over ID OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; CHLOROPHYLL-PORPHYRIN; ONE-ELECTRON; OXIDATION; GLUTATHIONE; BREAKDOWN; EUGENOL; LEAVES; OXYGEN AB Protoporphyrin IX (PP) is the last porphyrin intermediate in common between heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. This pigment normally does not accumulate in plants because its highly photodynamic nature makes it toxic. While the steps leading to heme and chlorophylls are well characterized, relatively little is known of the metabolic fate of excess PP in plants, We have discovered that plant peroxidases can rapidly degrade this pigment in the presence of thiol-containing substrates such as glutathione and cysteine, This thiol-dependent degradation of PP by horseradish peroxidase consumes oxygen and is inhibited by ascorbic acid. (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 1999 VL 444 IS 2-3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00065-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 168ZN UT WOS:000078723200018 PM 10050764 ER PT J AU Johnston, CE Knight, CL AF Johnston, CE Knight, CL TI Life-history traits of the bluenose shiner, Pteronotropis welaka (Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NOTROPIS-HUBBSI; EMILIAE AB Life-history aspects and behavioral ecology of the bluenose shiner (Pteronotropis; welaka) were investigated from Mg 1993 to June 1994 in a small tributary of the lower Pearl River in Marion County, Mississippi. Samples were taken monthly or biweekly to provide information about preferred habitat, reproductive biology, and demography Observations were made during the breeding season to determine spawning strategy, Except during peak spawning periods, bluenose shiners were located in schools of more than 25 individuals in areas of sluggish how (0-4 cm/sec) near submerged vegetation. Based on gonadal condition, bluenose shiners have a protracted breeding season, lasting from May to August and including two major spawning bouts, Although the spawning act was not observed, aggregations of adults over sunfish nests and the presence of bluenose shiner eggs and fry in nests indicates that this species is a nest associate. Unlike male bluehead shiners (Pteronotropis hubbsi), male bluenose shiners show an increase in gonadal weight and a gradual increase in the development of secondary sexual characteristics with increased length. Length frequency data and the absence of adults from the study site in the fall and winter indicate that adults die after the breeding season. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mississippi Museum Nat Sci, Jackson, MS USA. RP Johnston, CE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 5 PY 1999 IS 1 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.2307/1447403 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 167TY UT WOS:000078650400025 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R McDermott, A Weiss, L Suri, J Wood, M Bloch, R Gorbach, S AF Roubenoff, R McDermott, A Weiss, L Suri, J Wood, M Bloch, R Gorbach, S TI Short-term progressive resistance training increases strength and lean body mass in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE wasting; exercise; resistance; strength; body composition; lean body mass; HIV ID EXERCISE; AIDS; HORMONE; MUSCLE AB Background: To assess the efficacy of progressive resistance training (PRT) in increasing strength and lean body mass (LBM) in HIV-infected adults. Methods: Twenty-five adults with HIV infection were trained using a highly intensive PRT regimen for 8 weeks, followed by an additional 8 weeks of observation under ad libitum physical activity conditions. Results: Twenty-four of the 25 patients completed the first phase of the study. They had significant increases in strength on all four exercises tested (P < 0.0001), and an increase in LBM of 1.75 +/- 1.94 kg (mean +/- SD, P < 0.0002), with a concomitant decline in fat of 0.92 +/- 2.22 kg (P < 0.05), and no significant change in weight or bone mineral content. Twenty-one of the patients returned for follow-up 8 weeks after completing the PRT. Compared with their baseline values, their mean lean mass remained 1.40 +/- 1.8 kg higher (P < 0.003). Among those who continued to train to some extent, lean mass increased by a mean of 1.1 +/- 1.6 kg (n = 9, P < 0.05 versus end of PRT), whereas those who did no further training showed an increase in lean mass of 0.28 +/- 1.4 kg (n = 12, P = NS versus end of PRT). The difference between the two groups was not, however, significant (P = 0.25). Among six patients with AIDS wasting, the increase in LBM was larger than among non-wasted patients (2.8 versus 1.4 kg, P < 0.06), and there was an increase in both weight (+3.9 versus -0.2 kg, P < 0.002) and fat mass (+ 0.95 versus -1.5 kg, P < 0.002) at 8 weeks, which persisted at 16 weeks (weight: +4.0 versus -1.6 kg, P < 0.0002; fat: +1.6 versus -1.9 kg, P < 0.01). Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that short-term, high intensity PRT can significantly increase LBM and strength in HIV infection, and may be used as an alternative or adjunct to pharmacological anabolic treatments in this disease. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tupper Res Inst, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45734] NR 30 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 4 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1097/00002030-199902040-00011 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EL UT WOS:000079195900011 PM 10202829 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD Strawford, A Jacob, M Hellerstein, M AF Van Loan, MD Strawford, A Jacob, M Hellerstein, M TI Monitoring changes in fat-free mass in HIV-positive men with hypotestosteronemia and AIDS wasting syndrome treated with gonadal hormone replacement therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS wasting syndrome; hypotestosteronemia; body composition changes; dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; bioimpedance spectroscopy; D2O dilution ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LEAN BODY-MASS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MEGESTROL-ACETATE; GROWTH-HORMONE; WEIGHT-LOSS; INFECTION; DEUTERIUM; SURVIVAL; STEROIDS AB Objective: To compare methods for assessing changes in body composition during gonadal hormone replacement therapy in a group of HIV-positive men with AIDS wasting syndrome. Design: The study included a 21-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled inpatient intervention and a 12-week open-label intervention. The inpatient intervention included 18 men who were confined to a metabolic ward. Days 1-7 comprised weight stabilization and body composition measures followed by 14 days of nandrolone decanoate at either 65 or 195 mg weekly, or placebo, and repeat testing. The open-label intervention comprised 12 weeks of 200 mg nandrolone decanoate fortnightly with measurements of fat-free mass at 6 and 12 weeks. Methods: The inpatient intervention measured nitrogen balance from 24 h urine and fecal collections and fat-free mass by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and D2O dilution. Nitrogen balance was calculated as the difference between dietary intake and urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion. Nitrogen was converted to fat-free mass using the constant of 32.5 g. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine which methods were significantly different from the reference nitrogen balance technique. Results: Nitrogen accretion of lean tissue was 0.55 and 0.85 kg weekly for low and high-dose groups, respectively. Estimated nitrogen retention during the open-label study was 0.42 kg weekly. Body weight increased with the estimated lean tissue accretion. DEXA, BIS and D2O methods demonstrated improvements in fat-free mass, although the BIS estimate of fat-free mass most closely matched the results of the nitrogen retention method. Conclusion: DEXA, BIS and D2O techniques demonstrated increases in fat-free mass. The BIS method is less costly, more convenient to use, and had results that more closely matched those from nitrogen balance and retention methods. BIS may be the preferred method to monitor changes in fat-free mass in AIDS patients and patients with malnutrition. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Family & Consumer Serv, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 4 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1097/00002030-199902040-00012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EL UT WOS:000079195900012 PM 10202830 ER PT J AU Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP AF Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP TI Radiometry at infrared wavelengths for agricultural applications SO AGRONOMIE LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; thermal infrared; surface fluxes ID LAND-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; SOIL-MOISTURE; SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE; WHEAT CANOPY AB Measurements of thermal radiation at infrared wavelengths (7-14 mu m) yield much information about the land surface. The primary use of these observations is for surface temperature determination as the emissivity is usually close to one. For this purpose it is fortuitous that the peak in the thermal emission occurs in an atmospheric transmission window. In additions there are variations in the emissivity of minerals and soils in the 7-14-mu m region which can be interpreted for identification purposes, The emissivity for vegetative canopies has been found to be close to one with little spectral variation. Applications of the derived surface temperature to study the surface energy balance and to estimate the energy fluxes from the land surface are discussed. The basic concepts of the energy balance at the land surface are presented along with an example of how remotely sensed surface brightness temperatures can be used to estimate the sensible heat and to estimate plant water use. The example is from the Monsoon 90 experiment conducted over an arid watershed in the state of Arizona in the United States. In this case, surface temperatures derived from an aircraft thermal infrared sensor and vegetation and land use characteristics derived from a Landsat TM image were used in a two-source model to predict the surface heat fluxes. The agreement with ground measurements is reasonably good for the 3 days of observations. ((C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris.). C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0249-5627 J9 AGRONOMIE JI Agronomie PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1051/agro:19990201 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 201FJ UT WOS:000080584100001 ER PT J AU Eischen, FA Westervelt, D Randall, C AF Eischen, FA Westervelt, D Randall, C TI Does the small hive beetle have alternate food sources? SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Unit, Honey Bee Grp, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Bur Plant & Apiary Inspect, Travares, FL 32778 USA. Randalls Wax Works, Umatilla, FL 32784 USA. RP Eischen, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Unit, Honey Bee Grp, 2413 Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 139 IS 2 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166AZ UT WOS:000078555200016 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI Lancaster, VA Delatte, GT Stelzer, JA AF Rinderer, TE De Guzman, LI Lancaster, VA Delatte, GT Stelzer, JA TI Varroa in the mating yard: I. The effects of Varroa jacobsoni and Apistan (R) on drone honey bees SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; COLONIES; BROOD; OUD; SPERMATOZOA AB Although drones are more likely to be parasitized than worker bees by Varroa jacobsoni, the effects of Varroa infestation on drones have not been extensively researched. Likewise, the effects of Apistan(R) on drone honey bees are not known. We considered whether or not Varroa or Apistan(R) had an effect on the quality or quantity of drones that were produced in drone source colonies that were placed near mating apiaries by beekeepers and conducted these experiments to answer these questions. Colonies were established that exposed developing drones to Varroa, Apistan(R), or neither as a control. The numbers of drones produced by the three types of colonies were quite similar. However, the survival of the drones differed strongly. At the end of a 1 day emergence period, the drones that emerged in control colonies were mostly (97.5%) alive. In contrast, significantly fewer (86.1%) of the drones that emerged in colonies treated with Apistan(R) were alive. Only 59.7% of the drones emerging in Varroa-infested colonies survived their first day of adult life. These trends continued as the drones developed to sexual maturity. Results indicated that both Varroa infestation and Apistan(R) also had minor negative effects on drone weights, mucus gland and seminal vesicle weights, and numbers of spermatozoa Several recommendations are offered to queen producers to overcome the negative mating yard consequences of Varroa infestation and Apistan(R) use. 1) Drone source colonies should be specifically supplied in sufficient numbers. Based on current knowledge, we estimate that about 60 drones should be supplied for each queen. Twenty drones that successfully mate are essential. In order to achieve this rate of success, additional drones must be supplied, since drones are often lost before mating, In addition, it is important to estimate the number of drones in relation to both the number of queens to be mated and the age of the drones in the drone supply colonies. Each cycle of queens into the mating nucleus colonies must be supplied with an adequate number of adult drones that are at least 12 days old to assure that they are sexually mature. 2) Drone source colonies should be treated for Varroa just before drone rearing begins or during drone rearing. Apistan(R) treatment causes substantial early drone mortality, However, this mortality is not as great as the drone mortality caused by Varroa. Where it is possible, queen breeders can reduce the premature death of drones produced by both causes by treating colonies to reduce Varroa numbers prior to rearing drones in the colonies. 3) Monitoring infestation levels in drone brood is a better indicator of final effective drone abundance than the presence of drone brood or adults, Colonies with heavy Varroa infestations-in drone brood may appear to have ample drone brood and may have many drones walking on combs and taking orientation and cleansing flights. However, if they are infested with Varroa, most of these drones will die before sexual maturity. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. Neptune & Co Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 139 IS 2 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 166AZ UT WOS:000078555200019 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Gollop, FM Kelly-Hawke, A Swinand, GP AF Ball, VE Gollop, FM Kelly-Hawke, A Swinand, GP TI Patterns of state productivity growth in the US farm sector: Linking state and aggregate models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural productivity; disaggregation; productivity measurement; state farm data AB This article focuses on agricultural productivity growth at both sector and state levels. It does so in a way that preserves the economic integrity of national and state production accounts. A model accounting for interstate transactions in farm goods links sectorwide and state-specific measures of total factor productivity growth. An interesting conclusion is that the smooth, persistently positive trend typically observed for farm sector productivity growth masks considerable variation across states and regions. The results also indicate that farm sector productivity growth is wholly a function of productivity trends in the individual states. Interstate shifts in production activity and resource reallocations have had little impact. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Suffolk Univ, Boston, MA 02114 USA. London Econ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.2307/1244458 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 172NE UT WOS:000078930000013 ER PT J AU MacDonald, JM AF MacDonald, JM TI Food processing: An industrial powerhouse in transition, 2nd edition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP MacDonald, JM (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.2307/1244469 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 172NE UT WOS:000078930000024 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Mazariegos, M Tang, GW Romero-Abal, ME Mena, I Solomons, NW Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Mazariegos, M Tang, GW Romero-Abal, ME Mena, I Solomons, NW Russell, RM TI Assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in Guatemalan elderly by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; deuterated retinol dilution; stable isotope dilution; body stores; elderly; retinol; relative dose response; Guatemala ID A STATUS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LIVER; CAROTENOIDS; HUMANS; RATS AB Background: Deuterated retinol dilution (DRD) gives quantitative estimates of total body stores of vitamin A. Objectives: In elderly people, we studied 1) the time when an oral dose of deuterated vitamin A equilibrates with body stores, 2) whether serum ratios of deuterated to nondeuterated retinol (D:H) at 3 or 6 d postdosing predicted body stores, and 3) the ability of DRD to detect changes in the size of the body vitamin A pool. Design: A 10-mg oral dose of [H-2(4)]retinyl acetate was administered to 60-81-y-old Guatemalans (n = 47); percentage enrichment of serum retinol with deuterated retinol was determined at 1-3 time points per subject at 3, 6, 7, 14, 20, 21, and 54 d. In subjects from whom blood was obtained at 3 and 21 d (n = 15) and at 6 and 20 d (n = 9), total body stores were calculated by using the formula of Furr et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:713-6) with 21- or 20-d data and correlated with serum D:H at 3 or 6 d postdosing. Nine subjects received diets containing 982 +/- 20 mu g RE ((x) over bar +/- SEM) plus 800 mu g RE as retinyl acetate supplements for 32 d. DRD, serum retinol, and relative dose response were used to assess vitamin A status before and after the intervention. Results: Deuterated retinol equilibrated with the body pool by 20 d postdosing, Vitamin A supplementation for 32 d increased body stores, although unexplained exaggerated increases were seen in some subjects. An inverse linear relation was found between estimates of body stores and serum D:H at 3 d postdosing (r = -0.75, P = 0.002); at 6 d postdosing, the correlation was weaker. Conclusions: DRD can detect changes in total body stores of vitamin A, although factors affecting serum D:H need to be elucidated. Serum D:H 3 d postdosing might be used as an early indicator of total body stores of vitamin A, although a predictive equation will need to be developed. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ribaya_cn1@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 22 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 278 EP 284 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 159WH UT WOS:000078198000018 PM 9989693 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Mehta, N Moon, JK Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Mehta, N Moon, JK Smith, EO TI Adjustments in energy expenditure and substrate utilization during late pregnancy and lactation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; basal metabolic rate; sleeping metabolic rate; substrate oxidation; pregnancy; lactation; breast-feeding; resting energy expenditure; resting metabolic rate; fat oxidation; lipid oxidation; carbohydrate oxidation; women ID HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; FAT-FREE MASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT; CALORIC REQUIREMENTS; GAMBIAN WOMEN; DUTCH WOMEN; REAPPRAISAL; CARBOHYDRATE AB Background: Metabolic adjustments occur during pregnancy and lactation to support fetal growth and milk synthesis; however, the effect of body composition and hormonal milieu on these changes is poorly understood. Objective: We hypothesized that energy metabolism changes during pregnancy and lactation to support fetal growth and milk synthesis, and that body composition and hormonal milieu influence these alterations. Design: We measured energy expenditure, body composition, and hormone, metabolite, and catecholamine concentrations in 76 women (40 lactating, 36 nonlactating) at 37 wk gestation and 3 and 6 mo postpartum. Total energy expenditure (TEE), basal metabolic rate (BMR), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), and minimal SMR (MSMR) were measured with room calorimetry. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were estimated with a 4-component model. Results: TEE, BMR, SMR, and MSMR were 15-26% higher during pregnancy than postpartum after being adjusted for FFM, fat mass, and energy balance. TEE, SMR, and MSMR were higher in lactating than in nonlactating women. Easting serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, fatty acids, and leptin, and 24-h urinary free norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine correlated positively with TEE, BMR, SMR, and MSMR. In nonlactating women, the respiratory quotient decreased over time, carbohydrate oxidation decreased, and fat oxidation increased. Substrate utilization was not influenced by body composition, fasting serum hormones, or 24-h urinary catecholamines. Conclusions: These results indicate increased energy expenditure and preferential use of carbohydrates during pregnancy and lactation. Elevated respiratory quotient and carbohydrate utilization during pregnancy continue during lactation, consistent with preferential use of glucose by the fetus and mammary gland. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 40 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 159WH UT WOS:000078198000021 PM 9989696 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Wester, TJ Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Chang, XY AF Burrin, DG Wester, TJ Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Chang, XY TI Dexamethasone inhibits small intestinal growth via increased protein catabolism in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; glucocorticoids; insulin-like growth factor I; insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins; lactase ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-1; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; SUCKLING RAT; IGF-I; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; INFANTS; MATURATION; RECEPTOR; PIGLETS AB Our objective was to determine how dexamethasone (Dex) affects gastrointestinal protein metabolism and growth in neonatal pigs. Two-day-old pigs were given daily subcutaneous injections of either Dex (1 mg/kg body wt, n = 7) or saline (control, n = 6) for 7 days. In vivo protein synthesis was measured after 7 days with a bolus of [H-3]phenylalanine. Tissue protein contents were measured in an initial control group of 2-day-old pigs and in control and Dex pigs after 7 days to estimate protein accretion and degradation. In control pigs, the protein accretion in the ileum was nearly sixfold greater than in the jejunum during the 7-day period. Dex nominally altered stomach growth but completely blocked the accretion of protein and DNA in the jejunum and ileum, with reduced villus height in the ileum. Dex increased the fractional protein degradation rate in the ileum (28%) and decreased the absolute protein synthesis rate in the jejunum and ileum by 17 and 21%, respectively. Dex resulted in a 40% lower total intestinal lactase activity compared with controls via reductions in both specific activity and tissue mass, especially in the ileum. Dex significantly decreased the circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, -2, and -3. However, the tissue abundance of the IGF-I receptor in the stomach and ileum was greater in Dex pigs than controls. Our results suggest that Dex significantly inhibits small intestinal growth via both increased degradation and decreased synthesis of protein. Furthermore, the inhibition of intestinal growth resulted in significantly decreased lactose digestive capacity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 276 IS 2 BP E269 EP E277 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 166TL UT WOS:000078593200007 PM 9950786 ER PT J AU Verrill, S AF Verrill, S TI When good confidence intervals go bad: Predictor sort experiments and ANOVA SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE analysis of covariance; analysis of variance; blocked analysis of variance; concomitant variable; predictor sort sampling AB A predictor sort experiment is one in which experimental units are allocated on the basis of the values of a predictor variable that is correlated with the response. Standard ANOVA analyses of predictor sort experiments can lead to confidence intervals whose actual coverages are poor matches to nominal coverages. Correct coverages can be obtained by adjusting confidence interval lengths by appropriate factors, or by performing analyses of covariance. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Verrill, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.2307/2685650 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 167UD UT WOS:000078650900010 ER PT J AU Vanderpool, RA Buckley, WT AF Vanderpool, RA Buckley, WT TI Liquid-liquid extraction of cadmium by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate from biological matrixes for isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-METALS; MULTIELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN-LIVER; BIOAVAILABILITY; LEAD; SPECIATION; COPPER; KIDNEY; SEAWATER; ELEMENTS AB A published procedure for the liquid-liquid extraction of Cd by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDC) was modified and tested on 12 biological matrixes of plant and animal origin for use with isotope dilution (ID) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The tested matrixes were reference materials, certified for Cd, and a feces in-house standard. The digested and extracted standards were analyzed for Cd stable isotopes by ICPMS and the resulting isotope ratios examined for isobaric and polyatomic interferences. Cadmium recoveries, after extraction, ranged from 73% to 20% and apparently were inversely related to Cd concentration, even in the presence of excess chelator. For each reference material, the measured isotope ratios for Cd were corrected for instrumental bias and compared to natural abundance Cd isotope ratios. Nonextracted samples had large isotope ratio deviations for all but one or two ratios. Extraction improved all the isotope ratios measured (lowered % error relative to natural abundances), but interferences were noted for a few samples. The extracted human in-house feces standard was found to have Sn signals reduced by 300-fold, but residual Sn concentrations still interfered with Cd-116, though not Cd-112 Or Cd-114. Thus, evaluation of the NADDC-extracted in-house fecal standard and reference materials indicate the successful removal of interferences that otherwise prevented accurate determinations of Cd by IDICPMS and show that a number of Cd isotope ratios could be accurately measured (<1.5% error) for multiple stable isotope tracer studies in a broad range of NaDDC-extracted biological matrixes. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon Res Ctr, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. RP Vanderpool, RA (reprint author), POB 3006, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM rvan@insolwwb.net NR 59 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 3 BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.1021/ac980538b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 163VA UT WOS:000078426000024 PM 9989382 ER PT J AU Goudas, LC Hassan, WN Carr, DB Marchand, JE Paulson, KE Kream, RM AF Goudas, LC Hassan, WN Carr, DB Marchand, JE Paulson, KE Kream, RM TI Morphine/acetaminophen combination induced renal apoptosis in a rat model is mediated by activation of the p38 MAP kinase transduction pathway SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID GLUTATHIONE C1 New England Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Genet Lab, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 88 IS 2 SU S MA S337 BP U213 EP U213 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 165EN UT WOS:000078507400333 ER PT J AU Knorr, C Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB AF Knorr, C Cheng, HH Dodgson, JB TI Application of AFLP markers to genome mapping in poultry SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; chicken; DNA fingerprinting; genome mapping ID CHICKEN GENOME; BARLEY; GENE; MAP AB The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique has been used to enhance marker density in the East Lansing reference chicken genome map, using a backcross family derived from a Red Jungle Fowl by White Leghorn mating with White Leghorn as the recurrent parent. To date, 204 AFLP markers have been added, expanding overall map coverage by about 25%. To the limits of our resolution, AFLP markers are distributed relatively evenly across the EL reference map. AFLP are about 60% as frequent in a cross within White Leghorns (line 7(2) x 6(3)) in comparison to the more divergent reference map population. Based on apparent identity of size, about 40% of the 7(2) x 6(3) cross AFLP fragments were also polymorphic in the reference map cross. Primer pairs in which one primer contains 3' extensions of three selective nucleotides and the other has two selective nucleotides successfully generated AFLP from chicken DNA, but such pairs appeared to amplify only a subset of those fragments to which they have an exact sequence match. Three different restriction enzymes with 4 bp recognition sites (TaqI, HinP1I and MspI) were found to work well with EcoRI as the rarer of the two AFLP restriction enzymes used, with HinP1I being the most effective of the three. AFLP markers are likely to provide an economical method with which to enhance framework linkage maps of chicken and probably other avian genomes. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dodgson, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00411.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 167KW UT WOS:000078632700004 PM 10050280 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA AF Rohrer, GA TI Mapping four genes from human chromosome 4 to porcine chromosome 8 further develops the comparative map for an economically important chromosome of the swine genome SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FISH; human chromosome 4; porcine chromosome 8 ID LINKAGE MAP; PIGS AB Because porcine chromosome (SSC) 8 has become the focal point of many efforts aimed at identifying quantitative trait loci affecting ovulation rate, genes distributed across human chromosome (HSA) 4 were physically mapped in the pig. A more refined comparative map of this region for these two species was produced. In this study, four genes were selected based on their location in the human genome, the availability of nucleotide sequence and their genomic organization. The genes selected were fibroblast growth factor basic (FGF2; HSA 4q25-27), gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR; HSA 4q13), phosphodiesterase 6 B (PDE6B; HSA 4p16.3) and aminopeptidase S (PEPS; HSA 4p11-q12). Genomic libraries were screened via PCR and clones were physically assigned using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These four genes from HSA 4 were physically mapped to SSC 8p2.3 (PDE6B), 8p1.1(PEPS), 8q1.1-1.2 (GNRHR) and 8q2.2-2.4 (FGF2). These assignments provide additional benchmarks for the comparative map and help define the level of gene order conserved between HSA 4 and SSC 8. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00421.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 167KW UT WOS:000078632700011 PM 10050287 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Thompson, SM Feldstein, PA Garnsey, SM AF Owens, RA Thompson, SM Feldstein, PA Garnsey, SM TI Effects of natural sequence variation on symptom induction by citrus viroid III SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE viroids; citrus dwarfing; symptom expression ID STRUCTURAL FEATURES; EXOCORTIS DISEASE; POTATO; PATHOGENICITY; RNA; EVOLUTION; PSTVD; VARIANTS; DOMAINS; MUTANTS AB The potential use of viroids as citrus dwarfing agents has been studied for more than 30 yr, and Semancik, Raltowski, Bash & Gumpf (1997) have recently shown that infection of 'Valencia' scions growing on trifoliate orange rootstocks by either citrus viroid Ia, IIa, or IIIb results in a desirable dwarfed tree canopy phenotype and enhanced fruit production. Viroids exist in vivo as populations of closely related sequence variants, and we are interested in isolating variants of citrus viroid III specifically adapted to induce desirable levels of dwarfing in different citrus cultivars. As the first step toward selecting suitable variants from large populations of mutagenised RNA transcripts, we examined the biological properties of several naturally-occurring variants of CVd-IIIb. Five sequence variants were cloned and slash-inoculated into Etrog citron. Four of these including the type sequence CVd-IIIb were infectious, and most of the sequence changes initially present were maintained in the respective progeny. Two changes in the putative pathogenicity domain of CVd-III were associated with a marked reduction in symptom expression in Etrog citron. These results suggest that, with a suitable screening assay, it should be possible to select stable variants with different dwarfing properties from populations of mutagenised CVd-III RNAs synthesised in vitro. C1 CEPRAP, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Hort Res Lab, USDA, SAA, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, BA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 134 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb05237.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 198AR UT WOS:000080400000008 ER PT J AU Hong, TD Ellis, RH Buitink, J Walters, C Hoekstra, FA Crane, J AF Hong, TD Ellis, RH Buitink, J Walters, C Hoekstra, FA Crane, J TI A model of the effect of temperature and moisture on pollen longevity in air-dry storage environments SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Typha latifolia L.; pollen; storage; survival; longevity; relative humidity; moisture content; temperature ID SEED LONGEVITY; CONTENT LIMIT; LOGARITHMIC RELATION; THEORETICAL BASIS; SURVIVAL; PROTOCOLS AB Data on the survival of pollen of Typha latifolia L. stored for up to 261 d over seven different saturated salt solutions (providing 0.5 to 66 % relative humidity) and six different constant temperatures (from -5 to +45 degrees C) were analysed to quantify the effect of air-dry storage environment on pollen longevity. Pollen survival curves conformed much more closely to negative cumulative normal distributions than to negative exponential relations. Estimates of p(50) (storage period required to reduce pollen viability to 50 %), provided by negative cumulative normal distributions, were available from 37 different storage environments in which pollen viability was reduced below 50%. Once observations at 0.5% and 5.5% relative humidity were excluded from analysis, there was a negative logarithmic relation between these estimates of longevity and pollen moisture content (%, wet basis) and a curvilinear semilogarithmic relation between longevity and temperature. When the negative logarithmic relation between longevity and moisture content was replaced by a negative semi-logarithmic relation between longevity and the relative humidity of the storage environment the resultant model was less satisfactory, principally because pollen longevity over saturated solutions of calcium nitrate (43-62 % relative humidity) and sodium nitrite (60-66 % relative humidity) were consistently greater and smaller, respectively, than fitted values. Notwithstanding these errors, comparison between the fitted relations and observations at the two lowest relative humidities provided estimates of the lower-relative-humidity limits to these relations. These provisional estimates varied with storage temperature being lowest at 25 degrees C (< 5.5% relative humidity). However, there was no linear trend to that variation (P > 0.25): the mean estimate was 11.9 (s.e. = 1.4)%. The considerable similarities among models of pollen longevity in air-dry storage, and their estimated lower limits, and those developed previously for orthodox seeds and spores are discussed. (C) 1999 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Reading RG6 6AT, Berks, England. Wageningen Univ Agr, Lab Plant Physiol, NL-6703 BD Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ellis, RH (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Earley Gate,POB 236, Reading RG6 6AT, Berks, England. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 83 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0807 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 164RP UT WOS:000078477600007 ER PT J AU De Lucca, AJ Jacks, TJ Takemoto, J Vinyard, B Peter, J Navarro, E Walsh, TJ AF De Lucca, AJ Jacks, TJ Takemoto, J Vinyard, B Peter, J Navarro, E Walsh, TJ TI Fungal lethality, binding, and cytotoxicity of syringomycin-E SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM INFECTIONS; INSECT IMMUNITY; SYRINGAE; CECROPIN; ASPERGILLOSIS; ANTIFUNGAL; PUPAE AB Syringomycin-E (SE) was significantly lethal to Aspergillus and Fusarium species at between 1.9 and 7.8 mu g/ml. SE complexed with the following fungal wall constituents tin order of binding): beta-1,3-glucan > chitin > mannan > ergosterol = cholesterol. Cytotoxicity in HeLa cells was proportional to the SE concentration, while the amount required for cytotoxicity was 3 to 20 times that needed to kill 95% of the fungi tested. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. NCI, Immunocompromised Host Sect, Pediat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP De Lucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Takemoto, Jon/A-5309-2011 OI Takemoto, Jon/0000-0001-9919-9168 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 43 IS 2 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 163UF UT WOS:000078424200030 PM 9925536 ER PT J AU Nestle, M Woteki, C AF Nestle, M Woteki, C TI Interpretation of dietary change in the United States: Fat as an indicator SO APPETITE LA English DT Article ID POLICY IMPLICATIONS; ENERGY-INTAKE; TRENDS; NUTRITION; ISSUES AB Measurement of dietary trends poses methodologic issues of great complexity and intellectural challenge. Confidence in the ability to draw inferences about trends increases when the results of various measurement methods point in the same direction, are of comparable magnitude and are consistent with one another as well as with external sources of related data. This paper illustrates these issues by reviewing inconsistencies in available data sources since the early 1970s on intake of fat in the United States. C1 NYU, Dept Nutr & Food Studies, New York, NY 10012 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nestle, M (reprint author), NYU, Dept Nutr & Food Studies, 35 W 4th St,10th Floor, New York, NY 10012 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD FEB PY 1999 VL 32 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1006/appe.1998.0203 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 163UP UT WOS:000078425000015 PM 9989921 ER PT J AU Doss, RP AF Doss, RP TI Composition and enzymatic activity of the extracellular matrix secreted by germlings of Botrytis cinerea SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMATO FRUITS; INFECTION; PENETRATION; LACCASE; MECHANISMS; ENZYMES; PECTIN; CUCURBITACINS; ADHESION; PROTEINS AB Germlings of Botrytis cinerea, an important fungal pathogen of plants, produce an extracellular matrix (ECM), or ensheathing film, that serves, in part, in their attachment (R. P. Doss, et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 260-265, 1995). The composition of this film has been ascertained by using samples obtained by growing germlings on a glass surface, removing the fungal mycelium by vigorous washing, and collecting the tightly attached him by scraping the substratum with a razor blade. Slightly over half of the dry weight of the ECM was found to be carbohydrates (about 20%), proteins (about 28%), and lipids (about 6%). Hydrolysis of the carbohydrate portion of the ECM revealed that glucose was the most prominent monosaccharide present, comprising about 60% of the total monosaccharides. Also present were mannose (about 35%) and myo-inositol (about 5%). The proteinaceous fraction of the ECM was made up of a number of polypeptides separable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lipid fraction of the ECM, analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, was made up of several simple lipid components, including free fatty acid, mono- and triacylglycerol, wax ester, fatty alcohol, and several unidentified components. No complex lipids were detected. Isolated ECM exhibited polygalacturonase and laccase activity and was able to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate, a model substrate for assessing cutinase activity. Cellulase, pectin lyase, and pectin methyl esterase activities were noted with both heated and unheated ECM preparations. Proteinase activity was not detected. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Doss, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM dossr@bcc.orst.edu NR 45 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 165AC UT WOS:000078495200007 PM 9925560 ER PT J AU Imam, SH Gordon, SH Shogren, RL Tosteson, TR Govind, NS Greene, RV AF Imam, SH Gordon, SH Shogren, RL Tosteson, TR Govind, NS Greene, RV TI Degradation of starch-poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) bioplastic in tropical coastal waters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE-STARCH BLENDS; BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; PLASTICS AB Extruded bioplastic was prepared from cornstarch or poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) or blends of cornstarch and PHBV. The blended formulations contained 30 or 50% starch in the presence or absence of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which enhances adherence of starch granules to PHBV. Degradation of these formulations was monitored for 1 y ear at four stations in coastal water southwest of Puerto Rico. Two stations were within a mangrove stand. The other two were offshore; one of these stations was on a shallow shoulder of a reef, and the other was at a location in deeper water. Microbial enumeration at the four stations revealed considerable flux in the populations over the course of the year. However, in general, the overall population densities were 1 order of magnitude less at the deeper-water station than at the other stations. Starch degraders were 10- to 50-fold more prevalent than PHBV degraders at all of the stations. Accordingly, degradation of the bioplastic, as determined by weight loss and deterioration of tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present (100% starch >50% starch > 30% starch > 100% PHBV). Incorporation of PEO into blends slightly retarded the rate of degradation. The rate of loss of starch from the 100% starch samples was about 2%/day, while the rate of loss of PHBV from the 100% PHBV samples was about 0.1%/day. Biphasic weight loss was observed for the starch-PHBV blends at all of the stations. A predictive mathematical model for loss of individual polymers from a 30% starch-70% PHBV formulation was developed and experimentally validated. The model showed that PHBV degradation was delayed 50 days until more than 80% of the starch was consumed and predicted that starch and PHBV in the blend had half-lives of 19 and 158 days, respectively. Consistent with the relatively low microbial populations, bioplastic degradation at the deeper-water station exhibited an initial lag period, after which degradation rates comparable to the degradation rates at the other stations were observed. Presumably, significant biodegradation occurred only after colonization of the plastic, a parameter that was dependent on the resident microbial populations. Therefore, it can be reasonably inferred that extended degradation lags would occur in open ocean water where microbes are sparse. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Marine Sci Stn, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. RP Greene, RV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 165AC UT WOS:000078495200011 PM 9925564 ER PT J AU Du, WL Huang, ZY Flaherty, JE Wells, K Payne, GA AF Du, WL Huang, ZY Flaherty, JE Wells, K Payne, GA TI Green fluorescent protein as a reporter to monitor gene expression and food colonization by Aspergillus flavus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; RESISTANCE; CELLS; AFLR; GFP AB Transformants of Aspergillus flavus containing the Aequorea victoria gfp gene fused to a viral promoter or the promoter region and 483 bp of the coding region of A. flavus aflR expressed green fluorescence detectable without a microscope or filters. Expression of green fluorescent protein fluorescence was correlated with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in five corn genotypes inoculated with these transformants. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Dow Agrossci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Payne, GA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 BP 834 EP 836 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 165AC UT WOS:000078495200071 PM 9925624 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Bothast, RJ AF Saha, BC Bothast, RJ TI Pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn fiber SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; pretreatment; enzymatic saccharification; fuel ethanol ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; MAIZE BRAN; ACID AB Corn fiber consists of about 20% starch, 14% cellulose, and 35% hemicellulose, and has the potential to serve as a low-cost feedstock for production of fuel ethanol. Several pretreatments (hot water, alkali, and dilute acid) and enzymatic saccharification procedures were evaluated for the conversion of corn fiber starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. Hot water pretreatment (121 degrees C, 1 h) facilitated the enzymatic saccharification of starch and cellulose but not hemicellulose. Hydrolysis of corn fiber pretreated with alkali under similar conditions by enzymatic means gave similar results. Hemicellulose and starch components were converted to monomeric sugars by dilute H2SO4 pretreatment (0.5-1.0%, v/v) at 121 degrees C. Based on these findings, a method for pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn fiber is presented. It involves the pretreatment of corn fiber (15% solid, w/v) with dilute acid (0.5% H2SO4, v/v) at 121 degrees C for 1 h, neutralization to pH 5.0, then saccharification of the pretreated corn fiber material with commercial cellulase and P-glucosidase preparations. The yield of monomeric sugars from corn fiber was typically 85-100% of the theoretical yield. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 26 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1385/ABAB:76:2:65 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 196NC UT WOS:000080313600001 PM 15304728 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D AF Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D TI Information, endogeneity, and consumer health behaviour: application to dietary intakes SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-HURDLE MODEL; CHOLESTEROL INFORMATION; NUTRITION INFORMATION; EGG CONSUMPTION; PERCEPTIONS; DEMAND AB Due to heightened public health interest, a growing number of consumer health behaviour studies are focusing on the effect of health information on the demand for health inputs and outcomes. Many of these studies, however, have overlooked the potential endogeneity of information variables stemming from unobserved individual heterogeneity. Due to simultaneity bias, ignoring endogeneity may lead to inaccurate estimates of informational effects on health behaviour. Using dietary intake data for fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and fibre, this paper illustrates the pitfalls of treating health information related to these nutrients as exogenous variables in their demand equations. In most of the estimated models, the exogeneity of information is statistically rejected. When the information variables are treated as exogenous variables, their effects on dietary intakes are underestimated. The estimated effects of key intake determinants such as income, education, ethnicity, and race are also different in such a specification compared to a specification which treats information variables as endogenous. Implications for nutrition education policies are discussed. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food & Consumer Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food & Consumer Econ Div, 1800 M St NW Ste 2157, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 170RM UT WOS:000078819900007 ER PT J AU Ignoffo, CM McIntosh, AH Wong, JFH AF Ignoffo, CM McIntosh, AH Wong, JFH TI Comparison of in vivo activity of virus from a deleted polyhedrin-gene strain of a single-nucleocapsid baculovirus and a multiple-nucleocapsid baculovirus SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baculoviruses; lepidoptera polyhedrin minus ID NI GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; DIGESTIVE FLUIDS; INFECTIVITY; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LEPIDOPTERA; VIRESCENS AB Larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa tea and Heliothis virescens; were assayed for their relative susceptibility to in vitro produced, nonoccluded virus (P-NOV) from a deleted polyhedrin-gene strain of the nucleopolyhedroviruses of Autographa californica (P-AcMNPV) and Helicoverpa tea (P(-)HzSNPV). There was a 90-fold difference in P-NOV activity (LC50 values based upon TCID50/mm(2)) between P-AcMNPV (vs. T. ni) and P-HzSNPV (vs. H. tea) when each virus was assayed against its respective permissive host. These differences in P-NOV activity were within the same range one would expect based upon their reported LC50 values and the estimated numbers of virions embedded in occlusion bodies (OB) of the wild-type (Wt) isolate of these viruses. Differences in LC50 values (TCID50/mm(2)) between P-NOV of P-AcMNPV and P-NOV of P(-)HzSNPV using H. virescens larvae (a permissive host susceptible to both viruses) however, were much greater (> 300-fold) than expected if based upon the number of virions/WtOB. Closer agreements in LC50 values between P-NOV and occluded viruses of WtOB were obtained for H. tea or H. virescens larvae exposed to P-HzSNPV (ca. 1.3-fold difference) or H. tea and H. virescens larvae exposed to P-AcMNPV (ca. a 15-fold difference). Results using a non-susceptible host (P-NOV of P-HzSNPV vs. T. ni) or a semi-permissive host (P-NOV of P-AcMNPV vs. H. tea) generally agreed with previous citations using occluded virions of WtOB. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Dupont Co, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Agr Prod, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Ignoffo, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL PI TOKYO PA 1-43-11 KOMAGOME TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 174FB UT WOS:000079022500019 ER PT J AU Aguilar, CA Talavera, G Ordovas, JM Barriguete, JA Guillen, LE Leco, ME Pedro-Botet, J Gonzalez-Barranco, J Gomez-Perez, FJ Rull, JA AF Aguilar, CA Talavera, G Ordovas, JM Barriguete, JA Guillen, LE Leco, ME Pedro-Botet, J Gonzalez-Barranco, J Gomez-Perez, FJ Rull, JA TI The apolipoprotein E4 allele is not associated with an abnormal lipid profile in a Native American population following its traditional lifestyle SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein E; lipoprotein (a); Native Americans ID E POLYMORPHISM; E PHENOTYPE; LIPOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; GENE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METAANALYSIS; FREQUENCIES; WOMEN AB The apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated in industrialized countries with an elevated LDL cholesterol concentration and an increased cardiovascular risk. Our purpose in this study was to assess the influence of the genetic variation at the APOE gene locus on the lipid profile of a Native American rural population. We examined plasma lipid levels and the common apo E alleles in 142 healthy randomly selected adults living in their native communities in western Mexico. Their age was 38 +/- 17 years and the BMI 25.7 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2). Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL C and HDL C were 165 +/- 29.6, 126 +/- 83, 98 +/- 26 and 42 +/- 12.7 mg/dl respectively. Ninety-one per cent of the subjects had Lp(a) concentrations below 20 mg/dl and 30% had levels lower than 2 mg/dl. The most common APOE genotype was E3/3 (63%), followed by E3/4 (39.1%). The prevalence of the E2 allele was very low (2.3%). No difference was observed in LDL C concentrations between the E3/E3 and E3/E4 subjects, however carriers of the E2/3 genotype had lower LDL C levels. Similar results were obtained for cholesterol and apo B levels. In summary, the increased LDL C levels associated with the E4 allele in previous studies were not observed in a population with non-westernized habits. Environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, could outweigh the hypercholesterolemic predisposition resulting from the presence of the apo E4 allele. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Diabet & Metab Lipidos, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hosp Gen IMSS Uruapan, Diabet Clin, Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Clin Trastornos Alimentac, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Aguilar, CA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Diabet & Metab Lipidos, Vasco Quiroga 15, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 1999 VL 142 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00251-2 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 164ZZ UT WOS:000078494800019 PM 10030393 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ AF Massman, WJ TI Molecular diffusivities of Hg vapor in air, O-2 and N-2 near STP and the kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity of air near STP SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE gaseous coefficients of diffusivity; kinematic viscosity of air; thermal diffusivity of air ID MERCURY AB Accurate knowledge of the coefficients of molecular diffusivity (D) of trace gases, the kinematic viscosity of air (v) and the thermal diffusivity of air (k) has important application to modeling and observational studies of atmosphere-biosphere interactions. For example, leaf boundary-layer resistances are often parameterized in term of the Schmidt number for mass exchange and the Prandtl number for heat exchange. This study reviews and re-analyzes the historical data and some modeling results for D for Hg vapor in air, N-2 and O-2 and recasts results of an independent review of dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of air in a form that are consistent with one another and with this author's previous study of D for simple gases and air, N-2 and O-2 near STP. Because D, v and k are functions of temperature and pressure, all modeling results and data are corrected to I atmosphere pressure and then used with a one-and two-parameter regression model to determine optimal values for the temperature exponent and the value of D, v and k at 0 degrees C. Statistical/regression methods for treating data and modeling results follow this author's previous study of D, except that data for D for Hg vapor is not restricted to values below 100 degrees C. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00204-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158UX UT WOS:000078136700009 ER PT J AU Padgett, PE Allen, EB Bytnerowicz, A Minich, RA AF Padgett, PE Allen, EB Bytnerowicz, A Minich, RA TI Changes in soil inorganic nitrogen as related to atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants in southern California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; coastal sage scrub; nitrogen cycling; pollution gradient; soil inorganic nitrogen ID ION-EXCHANGE RESINS; COASTAL SAGE SCRUB; DRY DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; FOREST; AVAILABILITY; THROUGHFALL; GRASSLAND; NUTRIENTS; CANOPY AB The deposition of nitrogenous pollutants has serious implications for ecosystem function and stability. Research in temperate ecosystems has indicated a wide range of ecological responses, yet very little is known about arid ecosystems. In this study, measurements of atmospheric and soil concentrations of the plant-available NO3- and NH4+ were evaluated to identify a potential gradient in nitrogen (N) deposition. The evaluations were conducted in coastal sage scrub, a semi-arid vegetation type native to the lower elevations of southern California. The summer atmospheric concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) were determined at five locations on the Perris Plain of southern California. The atmospheric influences varied from direct interception of pollution generated in the Los Angeles Basin at the northern end of the gradient to a site 70 km south lacking any direct Los Angeles influence. The summer atmospheric concentrations of NO3- varied more than three-fold along the gradient. Ammonium concentrations followed a similar pattern, but the gradient was less steep. Winter concentrations were very low for both compounds. The summer soil surface NO3- concentrations were near the detection limits at low pollution sites but in the range of 50-60 mu g N g(-1) soil under highly polluted conditions. Wet deposition was found to be a minor contributor of plant-available N, suggesting that dry deposition may be a consequential source of plant-available N. The detection of significant changes in inorganic, plant-available N in the upper layer of soils is enhanced by the unique environmental conditions and vegetation of southern California. This study suggests that the coastal sage scrub ecosystem is experiencing significant changes in N fertility that may contribute to changes in plant species composition. The data also show that this semi-arid ecosystem provides a unique opportunity to assess many physical, chemical and biological responses to dry deposition alone. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Pacific SW Forest & Range Expt Stn, FS, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Padgett, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 42 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 33 IS 5 BP 769 EP 781 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00214-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164MU UT WOS:000078468800009 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW Porter, SD Gilbert, LE AF Morrison, LW Porter, SD Gilbert, LE TI Sex ratio variation as a function of host size in Pseudacteon flies (Diptera : Phoridae), parasitoids of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Brazil; environmental sex determination; parasite; sex allocation; Texas ID MEGASELIA-SCALARIS; WASPS; OVIPOSITION; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; ELEMENTS AB Some Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) flies are parasitoids of Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ant workers in North and South America. Laboratory studies of sex allocation revealed a pattern of sex ratio variation as a function of host size, with more females arising from larger hosts. Environmental sex determination is a possible mechanism for the observed pattern, and examination of Pseudacteon life history reveals several traits assumed to be important in models predicting conditions under which environmental sex determination is favoured. Sex allocation patterns of Pseudacteon are compared with theoretical predictions and empirical data from better-studied hymenopteran parasitoids that have haplodiploid sex determination. The pattern of sex ratio variation observed has important implications For biocontrol efforts of imported Solenopsis fire ants by the introduction of Pseudacteon parasitoids. (C) 1999 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Morrison, Lloyd/A-8949-2013 OI Morrison, Lloyd/0000-0002-9375-843X NR 40 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 66 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01887.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 170QZ UT WOS:000078818700008 ER PT J AU Bethlenfalvay, GJ Cantrell, IC Mihara, KL Schreiner, RP AF Bethlenfalvay, GJ Cantrell, IC Mihara, KL Schreiner, RP TI Relationships between soil aggregation and mycorrhizae as influenced by soil biota and nitrogen nutrition SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; collembola; nitrogen fertilization; nitrogen fixation; soil aggregation ID VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; FUNGI; POPULATIONS; PLANT; COLLEMBOLA; ENDOPHYTE; INFECTION; BACTERIA AB The effect of the form of N nutrition on soil stability is an important consideration for the management of sustainable agricultural systems. We grew soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants in pot cultures in unsterilized soil, and treated them by (1) inoculating them with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, fertilizing with (2) nitrate or (3) ammonia, or (4) by providing only minimum N amendment for the controls. The soils were sampled at 3-week intervals to determine changes in water-stable soil aggregates (WSA), soil pH, the development of roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) soil and root colonization, and selected functional groups of soil bacteria. The soil fauna was assayed at the end of the experiment (9 weeks). WSA was correlated positively with root and AM soil mycelium development, but negatively with total bacterial counts. Soil arthropod (Collembola) numbers were negatively correlated with AM hyphal length. Soils of nodulated and ammonia-fertilized plants had the highest levels of WSA and the lowest pH at week 9. Sparse root development in the soils of the N-deficient, control plants indicated that WSA formation was primarily influenced by AM hyphae. The ratio of bacterial counts in the water-stable versus water-unstable soil fractions increased for the first 6 weeks and then declined, while counts of anaerobic bacteria increased with increasing WSA. The numbers of soil invertebrates (nematodes) and protozoans did not correlate with bacterial counts or AM soil-hyphal lengths. Soil pH did not affect mycorrhiza development, but actinomycete counts declined with decreasing soil pH. AM fungi and roots interacted as the factors that affect soil aggregation, regardless of N nutrition. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bethlenfalvay, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 56 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s003740050504 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 169AQ UT WOS:000078725700004 ER PT J AU Melvin, EJ Lindsey, BR Quintal-Franco, J Zanella, E Fike, KE Van Tassell, CP Kinder, JE AF Melvin, EJ Lindsey, BR Quintal-Franco, J Zanella, E Fike, KE Van Tassell, CP Kinder, JE TI Circulating concentrations of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone during waves of ovarian follicular development in prepubertal cattle SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION; ENDOCRINE MECHANISMS; HEIFERS; OVARIECTOMY; AGE; PUBERTY AB Objectives were to characterize changes in concentrations of LH, FSH, and estradiol-17 beta (estradiol) in blood and populations of ovarian follicles of prepubertal cattle during waves of follicular development and to evaluate interactions between day after follicular aspiration and month prepuberty for these variables. During each month (month prepuberty), ovarian follicles of prepubertal cattle were aspirated to induce synchronous emergence of a wave of follicular development (day after follicular aspiration). Characteristics of ovarian follicular development and concentrations of hormones in blood were evaluated during the synchronous wave of follicular growth. Multiple regression was used to estimate hormonal variables and evaluate interactions for variables between day after follicular aspiration and month prepuberty, There were no interactions between day after follicular aspiration and month prepuberty for numbers of follicles less than or equal to 4 or > 5 mm or concentrations of LH, FSH, and estradiol, The pattern of change in these variables after follicular aspiration was, therefore, similar each month prepuberty. There were interactions between day after follicular aspiration and month prepuberty for frequency and amplitude of LH pulses and size of largest follicle, There were also endocrine changes that were related to follicular development after follicular aspiration throughout the peripubertal period. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kinder, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, A224J Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1095/biolreprod60.2.405 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 163AW UT WOS:000078380900029 PM 9916008 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Sutherland, EK AF Smith, KT Sutherland, EK TI Fire-scar formation and compartmentalization in oak SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; FORESTS; HISTORY AB Fire scars result from the death of the vascular cambium resulting from excessive heating, which exposes sapwood to infection and initiates the wood decay process. In southeastern Ohio, prescribed fires in April 1995 and 1997 scarred Quercus prinus L. and Q. velutina Lam. Low-intensity fires scorched bark and produced scars, primarily on the downslope side of the stem. Eighteen scorched trees (4-23 cm at DBH) were dissected in November 1997, 14 of which had fire scars. The vascular cambium beneath natural bark fissures was most vulnerable to injury. No charred or scorched wood was associated with scars of trees exposed to single fires; wood exposed by scars from the 1995 fire was charred by the 1997 fire. Consistent with the compartmentalization process, discoloration and whiterot occurred within compartment boundaries of wood present at the time of wounding. Scars from the prescribed fires were consistent in size and shape with scars in nearby oak trees previously hypothesized to have been burned prior to 1950. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-2-166 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 185AM UT WOS:000079646000002 ER PT J AU Potter, BE Zasada, JC AF Potter, BE Zasada, JC TI Biomass, thermal inertia, and radiative freeze occurrence in leafless forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES AB Using field measurements of air temperature, wind, and relative humidity from a clear-cut site and two wooded sites in northern Wisconsin, we used a radiative transfer model to simulate temperatures on seven calm, clear nights similar to those on which freezes typically occur. Each night was simulated twice for the wooded sites. One simulation ignored the presence of vegetation, the other approximated the vegetation's heat storage capacity and its influence on air temperatures. The simulations including biomass heat storage showed smaller mean absolute temperature errors and decreased magnitude of systematic model error when compared with the simulations ignoring vegetation. The results suggest that the thermal inertia of forest biomass may play a significant role in controlling forest temperatures on calm, clear nights and, hence, in controlling freeze occurrence. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Forestry Sci Lab, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Room 220,1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 185AM UT WOS:000079646000008 ER PT J AU Shearer, RC Schmidt, JA AF Shearer, RC Schmidt, JA TI Natural regeneration after harvest and residue treatment in a mixed conifer forest of northwestern Montana SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB In 1974, two clearcuts, two shelterwoods, and two sets of eight group selections (equally divided between two elevation zones) were harvested on the Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana. Four levels of tree and residue utilization were compared. Moist fuels on approximately half of each area were poorly burned by prescribed fires in September 1975. Natural regeneration on these treatments was compared in 1979, 1987, and 1992. Regeneration of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) began in 1975 on soil exposed during yarding of logs and continued mostly in 1977 and 1979 on these scarified sites and other burned areas. Competing vegetation curtailed establishment of larch seedlings much past 1979 on these sites. Few Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) regenerated before 1979 but aggressively established through 1992. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt) regeneration began in 1979 and is increasing slowly throughout the area. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) also slowly regenerate moister areas of the lower elevation units. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Shearer, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM rshearer/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us; jschmidt/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-2-274 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 185AM UT WOS:000079646000014 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Roberts, DP Russek-Cohen, E AF Buyer, JS Roberts, DP Russek-Cohen, E TI Microbial community structure and function in the spermosphere as affected by soil and seed type SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermosphere; microbial community; Biolog; substrate utilization; fatty acid ID FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TAKE-ALL; COLONIZATION; PATTERNS; PROFILES; CUCUMBER AB Colonization of the spermosphere and rhizosphere by plant-beneficial bacteria is limited by competition with indigenous soil microbes for resources such as reduced carbon compounds. A study of the soil microbial community around germinating seeds was undertaken as a necessary first step in understanding the competition between the introduced plant-beneficial bacteria and the indigenous microbial community. Two soil types, Galestown gravely loamy sand soil, with pH 5.8 and 0.6% humic material, and Hatborough loamy sand soil, with pH 4.5 and 3.2% humic material, were compared. Five seed types, corn, cucumber, radish, soybean, and sunflower were used. Microbial communities were characterized functionally using a substrate utilization assay, and structurally, using fatty acid methyl ester analysis, over a 96-h period after the onset of germination. Soil type affected the microbial communities far more than seed type. The communities in Hatborough soil had greater functional and structural changes compared with the control than Galestown soil. The communities changed more functionally than structurally, with increased substrate utilization compared with the soil controls. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 40 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1139/cjm-45-2-138 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 204JK UT WOS:000080760800006 ER PT J AU McHolland, LE Caldwell, DR AF McHolland, LE Caldwell, DR TI Pyruvate metabolism by Anaplasma marginale in cell-free culture SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma marginale; pyruvate metabolism; amino acid synthesis ID PROTEINS AB Partially purified Anaplasma marginale initial bodies were cultivated in a cell-free system in the presence of [3-C-14]pyruvate for 24 or 48 h. Experiments showed that a significant portion of the pyruvate supplied to the cultures was incorporated into initial body components. Label incorporation was reduced by 72% in the presence of oxytetracycline. Fractionation and chromatography of the organisms revealed radioactive incorporation as alanine. This is the first report of de novo amino acid synthesis by A. marginale demonstrating that the rickettsia is capable of using pyruvate, an erythrocyte glycolytic product, in its metabolism. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP McHolland, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1139/cjm-45-2-185 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 204JK UT WOS:000080760800012 PM 10380651 ER PT J AU Smith, CN Payne, WR Pope, JD Winkie, JH Parrish, RS AF Smith, CN Payne, WR Pope, JD Winkie, JH Parrish, RS TI A field study to compare performance of stainless steel research monitoring wells with existing on-farm drinking water wells in measuring pesticide and nitrate concentrations SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; nitrate; monitoring wells; watershed; ground water; well water; drinking water ID LAND-USE FACTORS AB Existing drinking water wells are widely used for the collection of ground water samples to evaluate chemical contamination. A well comparison study was conducted to compare pesticide and nitrate-N data from specially designed stainless steel research monitoring wells with data from nearby existing on-farm drinking water wells. Results could help to determine whether adequate information concerning ground water contamination can be obtained from existing drinking water wells for use in making pollutant control decisions. The study was conducted during 1993-1994 in the Little Coharie Watershed, a 158 square mile area located in the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Statistical analysis indicated that research monitoring wells provided a greater probability of detecting pesticides in ground water than existing on-farm wells. Atrazine was the most frequently detected pesticide found in all wells, followed in order by fluometuron, carbofuran, metolachlor, alachlor, carbaryl, butylate, chlorothalonil, linuron and simazine. Ninety-seven percent of all wells had observed concentrations of nitrate-N, ranging from 0.1 to 30.1 mg/L. There was not a significant difference between research wells and existing wells for monitoring nitrate-N. Based on results of this study, existing drinking water wells can be used for monitoring nitrate; however, specialized stainless steel monitoring wells should be used for monitoring pesticides in ground water. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. S Carolina Canc Ctr, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. RP Smith, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 4 BP 875 EP 889 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00226-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152ZX UT WOS:000077809200016 PM 10903118 ER PT J AU Atmowidjojo, AH Erickson, EH Wheeler, DE Cohen, AC AF Atmowidjojo, AH Erickson, EH Wheeler, DE Cohen, AC TI Regulation of hemolymph osmolality in feral and domestic honeybees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; feral honeybees; hemolymph proteins; hemolymph amino acids; osmolality; temperature tolerance; uric acid; water balance ID SENSITIVE METHOD; BEETLE; ACID AB Experiments were conducted to compare the ability of unmanaged feral and managed domestic honeybees in the arid Southwest to regulate hemolymph solutes, osmolality, and uric acid. Honeybees from feral and domestic colonies were desiccated (at 30 degrees C and 0% humidity) for 2 h with undesiccated bees held as controls. Hemolymph osmolality, proteins, amino acid, and uric acid concentrations were analyzed. Hemolymph osmotic pressures of desiccated feral bees were significantly lower than those of domestic honeybees (P < 0.004). There was a significant difference in hemolymph protein concentrations between undesiccated and desiccated honeybees (P < 0.001). The hemolymph concentration of amino acids was significantly higher in undesiccated bees than in desiccated honeybees (P < 0.0031). There were no differences in uric acid concentrations between feral and domestic bees, and between desiccated and undesiccated honeybees. Hence, differences in temperature tolerance and water balance between feral and domestic honey bees are not explained by differential regulation of hemolymph osmolality, proteins, or free amino acids, or by regulation of uric acid excretion. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Erickson, EH (reprint author), USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 122 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10179-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 177GR UT WOS:000079202700010 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Fatland, CL Adams, TS AF Nelson, DR Fatland, CL Adams, TS TI Very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols and their acetate esters in pupal internal lipids of developing Coleoptera, Anthonomus grandis and Cylindrocopturus adspersus, and Diptera, Cochliomyia hominivorax and Musca domestica SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl-branched alcohols; long-chain alcohols; acetate esters; Coleoptera; Diptera; pupae; boil weevil; sunflower; stem weevil; house fly; screwworm fly ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; MANDUCA-SEXTA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Mono- and dimethyl-branched primary alcohols from C28 to C56 were identified in the internal lipids of developing mid-stage pupae of two species of Coleoptera; the boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis and the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, and of two species of Diptera; the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and the house fly, Musca domestica. Novel very long-chain dimethyl-branched alcohols (VLMA; C36-C56) were characterized for the first time in these two orders. The major VLMA component was 26,38-dimethylpentacontanol in the bell weevil, 28,38-dimethylpentacontanol in the sunflower stem weevil, and 26,36-dimethyloctatetracontanol in both the screwworm and ho use fly. These alcohols were six to ten carbons longer than similar alcohols previously reported for Lepidoptera. No terminally-branched or trimethyl-branched alcohols similar to those previously characterized in Lepidoptera were detected. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 122 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(99)00003-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 179GA UT WOS:000079316800009 ER PT J AU Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Beier, P AF Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Beier, P TI Activity patterns of nesting Mexican spotted owls SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE activity patterns; Mexican Spotted Owl; nest attentiveness; nesting behavior; prey delivery rates; Strix occidentalis lucida; video surveillance ID RHYTHMS AB We collected 2,665 hr of behavioral information using video surveillance on 19 Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) pairs between 25 April and 26 July 1996, Prey deliveries per day increased as the nesting season progressed, with an average of 2.68 prey deliveries during incubation, 4.10 items during brooding, and 4.51 items during the nestling phase. The highest delivery rates were concentrated between 1-3 hours before sunrise (02:00-05:00) and 1-3 hours after sunset(18:00-21:00). Trip duration during diurnal hours increased 14 fold from incubation through the nestling phase, compared with a 7.2 fold increase during nocturnal hours. Nest bout duration decreased during both diurnal (36%) and nocturnal hours (76%) across the nesting season. Nest attentiveness decreased as the nesting season progressed, from 97% during the incubation phase to 47% during the nestling phase. Owls attended nests at higher rates during diurnal hours than nocturnal hours across all nesting phases. Activity patterns of Mexican Spotted Owls showed marked cyclical changes in response to ecological factors. Fluctuations in nesting behavior were related to changes in nesting phase and time of day. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Delaney, DK (reprint author), POB 6873, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.2307/1370444 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169CP UT WOS:000078730200005 ER PT J AU Kelly, JF Smith, R Finch, DM Moore, FR Yong, W AF Kelly, JF Smith, R Finch, DM Moore, FR Yong, W TI Influence of summer biogeography on wood warbler stopover abundance SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Gulf Coast; Middle Rio Grande Valley; migration; Parulidae; stopover; wood warbler ID POPULATION TRENDS; PASSERINE BIRDS; LANDBIRDS; RANGE; GULF; FAT AB We evaluated the effect of summer biogeography of migrant wood warblers (Parulidae) on their stopover abundance. To characterize abundance patterns, we used mist-net capture data from spring and fall migration in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, spring migration on the Gulf Coast Of Louisiana, and fall migration on the Gulf Coast of Alabama. To describe the summer biogeography of 47 species of wood warblers, we used indices of their summer range size, their summer density, and distance between their summer ranges and our netting sites. Multiple linear regressions indicated that biogeographic indices explained 55% and 49% of variation in captures in the Middle Rio Grande Valley during spring and fall, respectively. On the Gulf Coast these regressions explained 25% of the variation during spring at the Louisiana site and 51% during fall at the Alabama site. Both summer range size and distance between the summer range and study sites explained significant portions of the variation in three of the four analyses. Interestingly, the importance of biogeographic factors was least evident among spring migrants along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana. The difference between this site and other sites may reflect differences between migrants arriving after a Gulf crossing and those migrating across continental land masses or possibly an increased importance of winter biogeography for migrants crossing the Gulf of Mexico in the spring. In general, these results indicate that abundance of migrant warblers at our netting sites in both the eastern and western United States during spring and fall migration were influenced by summer biogeography. Consequently, we suggest including biogeographic analyses in assessments of conservation priorities for local stopover sites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.2307/1370448 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169CP UT WOS:000078730200009 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Gellman, ST AF Zielinski, WJ Gellman, ST TI Bat use of remnant old-growth redwood stands SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; FOREST AB Most of the old-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) in California has been cut; regenerating forests will probably never resemble those that were harvested and what old growth remains on private land occurs in small, isolated remnant patches. The landscapes in which these stands occur differ so markedly from their original condition that their value as habitat to many species of wildlife, including bats is unknown. Previous research in unfragmented redwood forests demonstrated that bats use basal hollows in old growth redwoods as roosts We sought to determine whether bats use similar old-growth trees as roosts when they occur in small, remnant patches of isolated old growth on commercial forest land. We compared bat occurrence in remnant and contiguous stands by collecting guano in traps suspended in hollows and by monitoring flight activity with ultrasonic bat detectors. Hollows in trees within the remnant stands had significantly more guano deposited per tree than the trees within the contiguous forest. the mean numbers of bat passes per night were statistically indistinguishable between the two treatments, although mean flight activity in the remnant stands was greater than in the contiguous forest. Bats frequently used basal hollows in small (<5 ha) stands of remnant old growth, which may be due to the closer proximity of remnants to stream courses, to their greater interface with edge where foraging success may be greater, or to the fact that the lower density of hollow-bearing trees in remnants than in contiguous forest favored greater use per tree. Significant use of small, residual old-growth redwood provides reason to maintain these remnants in managed landscapes as potentially important habitat for forest bats. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM wzielinski/psw_rsl@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97424.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 161CN UT WOS:000078271000020 ER PT J AU Hayward, GD Henry, SH Ruggiero, LF AF Hayward, GD Henry, SH Ruggiero, LF TI Response of red-backed votes to recent patch cutting in subalpine forest SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITIES; NORTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; VOLES; CLEARCUTS; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; OREGON; EDGE AB We examined the response of southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) to patch cutting in a forested landscape in which 23% of the forest cover had been removed by timber harvest. We live trapped voles in and around 18 patchcuts in one watershed of southern Wyoming. Although we found a significant difference in capture rates between patchcut interior and forest habitats in 1 of 2 years, voles did not strongly avoid the interior of patchcuts. This result contrasts with results from most studies of voles in clearcut ecosystems, which report that red-backed voles are generally rape or absent from clearcuts Capture rates were highest on both sides of the patchcut edge, which also contrasts with studies of voles at the edges of forest remnants. The use of patchcut interior and edge habitats could not be explained as a consequence of juvenile voles dispersing to those habitats or males moving through the habitat in search of mates. We suggest that despite similar physiognomy in patchcut and clearcut sites, the differences in landscape structure in perforated versus fragmented landscapes lead to very differentpatterns of vol movement Understanding the scales at which voles perceive landscapes as coarse- or fine-grained will be key to developing predictive models to aid managers in designing timber sales that maintain high vole populations Our results emphasize the importance of the spatial pattern and scale of disturbance in determining the response of vertebrates to landscape change and the need for more refined investigations of the consequences of deforestation. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hayward, GD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ghay@uwyo.edu NR 56 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97449.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 161CN UT WOS:000078271000021 ER PT J AU Neven, LG AF Neven, LG TI Cold hardiness adaptations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; STORAGE AB The cold hardiness adaptations of natural and laboratory reared populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, were examined. Hemolymph, gut, and whole body supercooling points (SCPs), 24-h LT(50)s, polyhydroxy alcohol concentrations, hemolymph freezing points, and hemolymph melting points were determined. Nondiapausing codling moth larvae do not have appreciable levels of ice nucleators in the hemolymph or gut. Whole body supercooling paints were higher than hemolymph supercooling points. For nondiapausing larvae, LT(50)s were significantly higher than both the whole body and the hemolymph supercooling points, indicating the presence of chill sensitivity. As the larvae left the food source and spun a cocoon, both hemolymph and whole body SCPs decreased. Diapause destined larvae had significantly lower hemolymph SCPs than nondiapausing larvae, but whole body SCPs were not significantly different from nondiapausing larvae of the same age. The LT(50)s of diapause destined and diapausing larvae were significantly lower than that of nondiapausing larvae. Codling moths are freezing intolerant, with LT(50)s close to the average whole body supercooling point in diapause destined and diapausing larvae. The overwintering, diapausing larvae effectively supercool to avoid lethal freezing by removal of ice nucleators from the gut and body without appreciable increase of antifreeze agents such as polyols or antifreeze proteins. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnovac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1006/cryo.1998.2140 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 182TL UT WOS:000079514200005 ER PT J AU Baek, JM Howell, CR Kenerley, CM AF Baek, JM Howell, CR Kenerley, CM TI The role of an extracellular chitinase from Trichoderma virens Gv29-8 in the biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chitinase; transformation; mycoparasitism; biocontrol ID ENDOCHITINASE-ENCODING GENE; SP RADICIS-LYCOPERSICI; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HARZIANUM; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; FUNGUS; GLUCOSAMINIDASE; MECHANISMS AB The role of extracellular chitinase in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma vii ens was examined using genetically manipulated strains of this fungus. The T. virens strains in which the chitinase gene (cht42) was disrupted (KO) or constitutively over-expressed (COE) were constructed through genetic transformation. The resulting transformants were stable and showed patterns similar to the wild-type (WT) strain with respect to growth rate, sporulation, antibiotic production, colonization efficiency on cotton roots and growth/survival in soil. Biocontrol activity of the KO and COE strains were significantly decreased and enhanced, respectively against cotton seed ling disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani when compared with the WT strain. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kenerley, CM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 36 TC 86 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s002940050431 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 171CY UT WOS:000078845900007 PM 10022948 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Genes, variation of cholesterol and fat intake and serum lipids SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review ID APOLIPOPROTEIN A-IV-2 ALLELE; DIETARY-FAT; HEART-DISEASE; A-IV; LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-LIPIDS; POLYMORPHISM; MUTATION; LOCUS AB Several studies have examined gene-diet interactions in the response of plasma lipid concentrations to changes in dietary fat and/or cholesterol. Among the gene loci examined, APOE has been the most studied, and the current evidence suggests that this locus might be responsible for some of the interindividual variability in dietary response. Other loci, including APOA4, APOA1 and APOB have also been found to account for some of the variability in the fasting and fed states. Curr Opin Lipidol 10:15-22. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Ageing, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Ageing, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ordovas_li@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 33 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1097/00041433-199902000-00004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 175EH UT WOS:000079079700004 PM 10095985 ER PT J AU Ravina, A Slezak, L Mirsky, N Bryden, NA Anderson, RA AF Ravina, A Slezak, L Mirsky, N Bryden, NA Anderson, RA TI Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitis with supplemental chromium SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chromium; corticosteroids; diabetes mellitis; glucose; insulin; steroid-induced diabetes mellitis; trace elements ID INSULIN AB Aims To determine if the stress of corticosteroid treatment increases chromium (Cr) losses and if corticosteroid-induced diabetes (steroid diabetes) can be reversed by supplemental chromium. Methods The effects of corticosteroid treatment on chromium losses of 13 patients 2 days prior to steroid administration and the first 3 days following treatment were determined. Since steroid-induced diabetes was associated with increased chromium losses and insufficient dietary chromium is associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes, we treated three patients with steroid-induced diabetes with 600 mu g per day of chromium as chromium picolinate. Results Urinary chromium losses following corticosteroid treatment increased from 155 +/- 28 ng/d before corticosteroid treatment to 244 +/- 33 ng/d in the first 3 days following treatment. Chromium supplementation of patients with steroid-induced diabetes resulted in decreases in fasting blood glucose values from greater than 13.9 mmol/l (250 mg/dl) to less than 8.3 mmol/l (150 mg/dl). Hypoglycaemic drugs were also reduced 50% in all patients when given supplemental chromium. Conclusions These data demonstrate that corticosteroid treatment, increases chromium losses and that steroid-induced diabetes can be reversed by chromium supplementation. Follow-up, double-blind studies are needed to confirm these observations. C1 Linn clin, Dept Diabet, Haifa, Israel. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Bldg 307,Rm 224,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 2 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00004.x PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 169QF UT WOS:000078759500013 PM 10229312 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Buonomo, FC Becker, BA Matteri, RL AF Carroll, JA Buonomo, FC Becker, BA Matteri, RL TI Interactions between environmental temperature and porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment in neonatal pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; FACTORS IGF-I; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; HOT ENVIRONMENT; SOMATOTROPH FUNCTION; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; RAT HEPATOCYTES; BLOOD HORMONES; MESSENGER-RNA; ENERGY STATUS AB Age-dependent interactions between environmental temperature and porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment on the function of the somatotrophic axis were evaluated in the neonatal pig. At 3 d of age, 40 Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc piglets received intraperitoneal implants containing either recombinant pGH (0.5 mg/d; n = 20) or vehicle (control; n = 20). Piglets were maintained at either a low (21 degrees C, 50% relative humidity; n = 20) or high (32 degrees C, 50% relative humidity; n = 20) temperature. At 4 and 6 wk of age, 5 pGH-treated and 5 control piglets from each thermal group were sacrificed for tissue collection. Blood samples were collected at the time of sacrifice and analyzed for serum concentrations of CH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF-2. Liver RNA was analyzed for mRNAs specific for the GH receptor, IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein 3. There was no effect of pGH treatment (P = 0.4) on average daily gain; however, both age (P = 0.002) and temperature (P = 0.001) had an effect on average daily gain such that those animals maintained at a low temperature and those sacrificed at 6 wk had greater average daily gains. Serum concentration of GH was elevated (P = 0.003) by pGH treatment and was lowest in the 4-wk-old group (P = 0.008). Serum concentration of IGF-1 was elevated (P = 0.007) by pGH treatment and increased with age (P = 0.01). Liver GH receptor mRNA was unaffected (P > 0.5) by pGH treatment, but was greater in the 6-wk-old group (P < 0.0001) and in piglets maintained at the high temperature (P = 0.04). IGF-1 mRNA was enhanced by pGH treatment (P = 0.0003) and by exposure to the high temperature (P = 0.04), but did not differ (P > 0.5) between age groups. IGF-2 mRNA was greater (P = 0.0009) in the 4-wk-old group and in piglets maintained at the high temperature (P = 0.007), but was unaffected (P = 0.5) by pGH treatment. IGF binding protein 3 mRNA increased with age (P = 0.0004) and was stimulated by pGH treatment in the 6-wk-old group (P = 0.034). The relatively lower level of GH receptor and IGF mRNAs in conjunction with greater growth in the cold environment suggests that somatotrophic gene expression in the liver is not rate limiting for growth in the neonatal pig. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1999. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Room S-107, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(99)00003-X PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 184PU UT WOS:000079622200002 PM 10219520 ER PT J AU Qian, H Barb, CR Compton, MM Hausman, GJ Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Baile, CA AF Qian, H Barb, CR Compton, MM Hausman, GJ Azain, MJ Kraeling, RR Baile, CA TI Leptin mRNA expression and serum leptin concentrations as influenced by age, weight, and estradiol in pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; ADIPOSE TISSUES; FEMALE MICE; RAT; ESTROGEN; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN; ONSET AB Two experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the roles of age, weight and estradiol (E) treatment on serum leptin concentrations and leptin gene expression. In EXP I, jugular blood samples were collected from gilts at 42 to 49 (n = 8), 105 to 112 (n = 8) and 140 to 154 (n = 8) d of age. Serum leptin concentrations increased (P < 0.05) with age and averaged 0.66, 2.7, and 3.0 ng/ml (pooled SE 0.21) for the 42- to 49-, 105- to 112-, and 140- to 154-d-old gilts, respectively. In EXP II, RNase protection assays were used to assess leptin mRNA in adipose tissue of ovariectomized gilts at 90 (n = 12), 150 (n = 11) or 210 (n = 12) d of age. Six pigs from each age group received estradiol (E) osmotic pump implants and the remaining animals received vehicle control implants (C; Day 0). On Day 7, back fat and blood samples were collected. Estradiol treatment resulted in greater (P < 0.05) serum E levels in E (9 +/- 1 pg/ml) than C (3 +/- 1 pg/ml) pigs. Serum leptin concentrations were not affected by age, nor E treatment. Leptin mRNA expression was not increased by age in C pigs nor by E in 90- and 150-d-old pigs. However, by 210 d of age, leptin mRNA expression was 2.5-fold greater (P < 0.01) in E-treated pigs compared to C animals. Serum insulin concentrations were similar between treatments for 210-d-old pigs. However, insulin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in E than C pigs at 90 d and greater in C than E animals at 150 d. Plasma glucose and serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations were not influenced by treatment. These results demonstrate that serum leptin concentrations increased with age and E-induced leptin mRNA expression is age- and weight-dependent. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1999. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Baile, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, 444 Anim & Dairy Sci Complex, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 34 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(99)00004-1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 184PU UT WOS:000079622200005 PM 10219523 ER PT J AU Schuman, GE Reeder, JD Manley, JT Hart, RH Manley, WA AF Schuman, GE Reeder, JD Manley, JT Hart, RH Manley, WA TI Impact of grazing management on the carbon and nitrogen balance of a mixed-grass rangeland SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE C and N balance; carbon; mixed-grass prairie; nitrogen; rangelands ID GREAT-PLAINS GRASSLANDS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; PRAIRIE; VEGETATION; LITTER; SYSTEMS; CATTLE AB Rangeland grazing management strategies have been developed in an effort to sustain efficient use of forage resources by livestock. However, the effects of grazing on the redistribution and cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the plant-soil system are not well understood. We examined the plant-soil C and N balances of a mixed-grass rangeland under three livestock stocking rates using an area that had not been grazed by domestic livestock for more than 40 years. We established nongrazed exclosures and pastures subjected to continuous season-long grazing at either a light stocking rate (20 steer-days/ha) or a heavy stocking rate (59 steer-days/ha, similar to 50% utilization of annual production). Twelve years of grazing under these stocking rates did not change the total masses of C and N in the plant-soil (0-60 cm) system but did change the distribution of C and N among the system component, primarily via a significant increase in the masses of C and N in the root zone (0-30 cm) of the soil profile. The mass of soil C (0-60 cm) under heavy grazing was comparable to that of the light grazing treatment. Grazing at the heavy stocking rate resulted in a decrease in peak standing crop (PSC) of aboveground live phytomass, an increase in blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. Ex Steud.), and a decrease in western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] A. Love) compared to the light grazing treatment. The dominant species under light grazing was western wheatgrass, whereas in the nongrazed exclosures, forbs were dominant and appeared to have increased at the expense of western wheatgrass. The observed increase of soil C and N in the surface soil where roots dominate indicates a greater opportunity for nutrient availability and cycling, and hence enhanced grazing quality. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 41 TC 195 Z9 234 U1 11 U2 114 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.2307/2641168 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169FM UT WOS:000078736900008 ER PT J AU Saab, V AF Saab, V TI Importance of spatial scale to habitat use by breeding birds in riparian forests: A hierarchical analysis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE arid-land riparian fragments; bird abundance; bird-habitat relationships; breeding bird assemblages; cottonwood riparian birds; edge specialists; interior specialists; landscape patterns; spatial scale; species richness ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; NEW-JERSEY; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITIES; FRAGMENTATION; AREA; PREDATION; SUCCESS; HETEROGENEITY AB Patterns of habitat use by breeding birds were studied in cottonwood riparian forests along 100 km of the South Fork of the Snake River in southeastern Idaho, United States, from 1991 to 1994. A hierarchical approach was used to examine habitat use at three spatial scales: microhabitat (local vegetation characteristics), macrohabitat (cottonwood forest patch characteristics), and landscape (composition and patterning of surrounding [matrix] vegetation types and land uses). This paper addresses a series of predictions about species' distributions that incorporate the different spatial scales. Bird distribution and abundance and vegetation data were collected on 57 cottonwood forest patches ranging in size from 0.40 ha to 205 ha. The surrounding landscape changed from a valley surrounded by mountains, on the upstream end of the study area, to a narrow canyon adjacent to natural upland vegetation in the middle section, and to a wide, open floodplain dominated by agriculture on the downstream end. The best predictors of high species richness (r(2) = 0.71) were natural and heterogeneous landscapes, large cottonwood patches, close proximity to other cottonwood patches, and microhabitats with relatively open canopies. Distribution and frequency of occurrence were evaluated for 32 species of small land birds. The most frequent significant predictor of species occurrence was the landscape component: increases in upland natural vegetation with decreases in agriculture. Both interior and edge specialists were found in arid land, cottonwood riparian forests that are linear in nature, with large amounts of edge. Nest predators, brood parasites, and exotic species responded positively to human-altered landscapes. Landscape patterns were the primary influence on distribution and occurrence of most bird species, whereas macrohabitat and microhabitat were of secondary importance. Thus, surrounding landscape (matrix) features should be a primary consideration for selecting riparian reserve areas. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Colorado, Univ Museum, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Saab, V (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 73 TC 240 Z9 250 U1 7 U2 72 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.2307/2641174 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169FM UT WOS:000078736900014 ER PT J AU Edwards, OR Hopper, KR AF Edwards, OR Hopper, KR TI Using superparasitism by a stem borer parasitoid to infer a host refuge SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; DNA markers; Macrocentrus cingulum; Macrocentrus grandii; Ostrinia furnacalis; Ostrinia nubilalis; parasitism; polyembryony; refuge ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII HYMENOPTERA; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; MARKERS; NUMBER; LARVAE AB 1. Macrocentrus cingulum Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), has high fecundity but has been reported to parasitize a low proportion of host larvae. This was corroborated in field collections: in Hebei (China) and Delaware (U.S.A.), M. cingulum parasitized only 15 and 25%, respectively, of hosts collected. 2. Because M. cingulum females cannot oviposit through plant tissue, they must parasitize hosts either before they have bored into stalks or while they are near entrance holes, so that at any one time, many Ostrinia larvae may be unavailable to M. cingulum. This refuge, together with fluctuations in abundance of foraging M. cingulum females, may explain why M. cingulum parasitizes relatively few Ostrinia larvae. 3. To test this hypothesis, levels of superparasitism were measured in the field. Low parasitism resulting from a refuge for host larvae should cause high rates of superparasitism in hosts outside the refuge. 4. Because M. cingulum is polyembryonic, the number of parasitoids per host does not indicate the level of superparasitism. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to determine the number of different genotypes emerging from each host. The resulting frequency distributions were fitted to those expected under random oviposition to estimate the proportion of Ostrinia larvae unavailable to M. cingulum. 5. In the samples from Hebei and Delaware, the level of superparasitism was much higher than expected by chance if all hosts were available. Fitting the frequencies of genotypes per host to a Poisson distribution, the authors estimated that 74-82% and 69-74% of host larvae were unavailable to M. cingulum in these collections, respectively. This means that M. cingulum parasitized 60-84% and 82-95% of available hosts in these collections, respectively. These levels of parasitism contrast strongly with the 15-25% found when all hosts were assumed available for oviposition. 6. Genetic distances of M. cingulum within and between hosts did not differ, allowing rejection of the hypothesis that high levels of superparasitism resulted from a female laying several eggs in the same host. 7. The hypothesis that M. cingulum parasitizes few Ostrinia larvae because many larvae are in a refuge explains these data and previously published information better than other hypotheses that have been suggested. C1 ARS, BIIR, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), ARS, BIIR, USDA, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RI Edwards, Owain/B-9707-2008 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00165.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171VJ UT WOS:000078884500002 ER PT J AU Hof, J Sieg, CH Bevers, M AF Hof, J Sieg, CH Bevers, M TI Spatial and temporal optimization in habitat placement for a threatened plant: the case of the western prairie fringed orchid SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE landscape structure; linear programming; spatial patterns; wetland plants ID MODEL; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY AB This paper investigates an optimization approach to determining the placement and timing of habitat protection for the western prairie fringed orchid. This plant's population dynamics are complex, creating a challenging optimization problem. The sensitivity of the orchid to random climate conditions is handled probabilistically. The plant's seed, protocorm and above-ground stages are all accounted for in a case example from the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota. Sensitivity of the case example model to dispersal assumptions and climate condition probabilities is demonstrated. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. AII rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 3825 E Mulberry, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 115 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00176-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173VR UT WOS:000079000900005 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, A Schwartz, MW AF Iverson, LR Prasad, A Schwartz, MW TI Modeling potential future individual tree-species distributions in the eastern United States under a climate change scenario: a case study with Pinus virginiana SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE climate change; GIS; landscape ecology; species distribution; migration; regression tree analysis; FIA; model ID VEGETATION; MIGRATION; RESPONSES; FORESTS; BALANCE; RANGE AB We are using a deterministic regression tree analysis model (DISTRIB) and a stochastic migration model (SHIFT) to examine potential distributions of similar to 66 individual species of eastern US trees under a 2 x CO2 climate change scenario. This process is demonstrated for Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana). USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data for more than 100 000 plots and nearly 3 million trees east of the 100th meridian were analyzed and aggregated to the county level to provide species importance values for each of more than 2100 counties. County-level data also were compiled on climate, soils, land use, elevation, and spatial pattern. Regression tree analysis (RTA) was used to devise prediction rules from current species-environment relationships, which were then used to replicate the current distribution and predict the potential future distributions under two scenarios of climate change (2 x CO2). RTA allows different variables to control importance value predictions at different regions, e.g. at the northern versus southern range limits of a species. RTA outputs represent the potential 'environmental envelope' shifts required by species, while the migration model predicts the more realistic shifts based on colonization probabilities from varying species abundances within a fragmented landscape. The model shows severely limited migration in regions of high forest fragmentation, particularly when the species is low in abundance near the range boundary. These tools are providing mechanisms for evaluating the relationships among various environmental and landscape factors associated with tree-species importance and potential migration in a changing global climate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Studies, Davis, CA USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM iverson/ne_de@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 71 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 115 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00200-2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173VR UT WOS:000079000900006 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Selenium transport and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems: A proposal for water quality criteria based on hydrological units SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-HAZARD; TOXICITY; FISH; POPULATIONS; RESERVOIR; STRESS AB Local water quality criteria for selenium should be based on an assessment of the degree of toxicological hazard to fish and wildlife, which is influenced by the spatial and temporal variation of the selenium cycle at the site under consideration, The physical area from which measurements are taken to evaluate selenium residues and biological effects, i.e., the database for setting site-specific criteria, must encompass more than an isolated segment of river, a tributary stream, etc. Because of hydrological connections between the various aquatic habitats that may be present in a watershed basin-wetlands, rivers, streams, and impoundments-the toxic threat from selenium contamination is also connected. For example, a criterion that is appropriate for a stream or river where low bioaccumulation occurs may result in seemingly harmless concentrations of selenium becoming a problem in downstream impoundments or in off-channel bays and wetlands where bioaccumulation is greater. The hydrologically connected parts of a basin downstream of a selenium discharge (natural or synthetic selenium source), extending to the point at which new sources of low-selenium water dominate the hydrology (e.g., confluence with larger tributary or river, spring or ground-water inflow), should be the area evaluated and given a specific criterion, not isolated components. Thus, a hydrological unit should be identified and used as the "site" for the purpose of setting criteria. Importantly, criteria derived in such a fashion,will reflect the transport and bioaccumulation of selenium within the entire hydrological unit rather than simply focusing on a small, artificially designated segment of the system. Failure to use a hydrological unit approach can set the stage for significant biological and legal problems. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, US Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, US Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1006/eesa.1998.1737 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 174XD UT WOS:000079061000008 PM 10051364 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Chambers, JL Allen, JA Luse, BP DeBosier, AS AF Krauss, KW Chambers, JL Allen, JA Luse, BP DeBosier, AS TI Root and shoot responses of Taxodium distichum seedlings subjected to saline flooding SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE baldcypress; intraspecific variation; salinity; salt tolerance; selection; wetlands ID WETLAND FORESTS; BALD CYPRESS; BALDCYPRESS; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; COAST AB Variation among progeny of five half-sib family collections of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from three freshwater and two brackish-water seed sources subjected to saline flooding was evaluated. Mini-rhizotrons (slant tubes) were used to monitor root elongation for a period of 99 days. Salinity level produced significant effects across all baldcypress half-sib families, with root elongation averaging 1594.0, 956.8, and 382.1 mm, respectively, for the 0, 4, and 6 g l(-1) treatments. Combined mean root elongation for families from brackish-water seed sources was greater (1236.7 mm) than for families from freshwater seed sources (794.6 mm). Considerable variation occurred at the highest salinity treatment, however, with one freshwater family maintaining more than 28% more root growth than the average of the two brackish-water collections. Hence, results indicate that short-term evaluation of root elongation at these salinity concentrations may not be a reliable method for salt tolerance screening of baldcypress. Species-level effects for height and diameter, which were measured at day 62, were significant for both parameters. Height increment in the control (7.4 cm), for example, was approximately five times greater than height increment in the 6 g l(-1) salinity treatment (1.5 cm). Family-level variation was significant only for diameter, which had an incremental range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm across all salinity levels. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM kkrauss/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00051-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178CD UT WOS:000079247700003 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Turner, JE AF Knight, AL Turner, JE TI Mating disruption of Pandemis spp. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pandemis; leafrollers; apple; mating disruption; sex pheromones ID OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER LEPIDOPTERA; SYNTHETIC SEX-PHEROMONES; APPLE ORCHARDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CODLING MOTH; COMMUNICATION; DAMAGE; TRIALS; PESTS AB We evaluated the potential of sex pheromones to disrupt moth communication and mating of Pandemis leafrollers (likely P. pyrusaa Kearfott). The sex pheromone of P. pyrusana, 94:6 (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac): (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, was compared with Z11-14:Ac alone, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac) alone, and a 94:6 blend of Z11-14:Ac and (Z)-11-tetradecanal in replicated trials in 0.1-ha plots. All blends significantly reduced moth captures in lure-baited traps and mating of tethered, virgin females. No significant differences were found among pheromone blends, except trap catches in plots treated with E11-14:Ac were significantly higher than in the other pheromone-treated plots. No significant differences in moth catch were found in plots treated with 250-1,000 dispensers per hectare releasing the Pandemis pheromone blend. The percentage of disruption in treated versus untreated plots was not related to the mean dispenser emission rate measured over 2-wk time periods for dispensers releasing either the Pandemis pheromone or Z11-14:Ac alone. However, percentage disruption in plots treated with pheromone was significantly and negatively related to population density measured as moth catch in the untreated plots, Larger orchard trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and economics of using 500-700 dispensers per hectare loaded with Z11-14:Ac to manage Pandemis. C1 ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171HE UT WOS:000078856700011 ER PT J AU Calcaterra, LA Briano, JA Williams, DF AF Calcaterra, LA Briano, JA Williams, DF TI Field studies of the parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) on fire ants in Argentina SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopis richteri; Solenopsis daguerrei; fire ants; parasitic ants; colony composition; biological control ID QUEEN NUMBER; POLYGYNE; EVOLUTION; ABUNDANCE; INVICTA AB The workerless parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Santschi) has been considered a potential candidate for biological control of imported fin ants in the United States since the 1970s. We estimated the detrimental effects of S. daguerrei in fire ant colonies from Argentina by comparing the composition of parasitized and nonparasitized field colonies of the black imported fire ant S. richteri Forel. We recorded mound density and volume, incidence of polygyny, number of queens per colony, queen weight, and presence and abundance of brood and sexuals. Also, we studied aspects of the parasite biology such as parasitization rates, presence of sexuals, abundance and weight of queens, and sex ratio. S. daguerrei occurred in 1.2-23.7% of the colonies at 21 collecting sites. The mound density at parasitized sites was significantly lower than in parasite-free sites (161 versus 239 mounds per hectare). Parasitized colonies had significantly fewer host queens than nonparasitized ones (2.9 versus 5.5 queens per colony). The percentage of colonies with worker brood was significantly lower (in fall) in parasitized than in nonparasitized colonies. Also, worker brood was significantly less abundant (in fall and spring) in parasitized colonies. A short delay in the production of sexual brood by the host was observed in parasitized colonies. These detrimental effects look promising but should be evaluated in the long-term and confirmed in other areas. A better understanding of the host and parasite is required to introduce S. daguerrei into the United States to control imported fire ants. C1 ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Calcaterra, LA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171HE UT WOS:000078856700012 ER PT J AU James, RR Croft, BA Strauss, SH AF James, RR Croft, BA Strauss, SH TI Susceptibility of the cottonwood leaf beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) to different strains and transgenic toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Chrysomela scripta; cottonwood; poplars; genetic engineering; insect resistance ID VAR SAN-DIEGO; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; BIOMASS ENERGY; VAR KURSTAKI; RESISTANCE; PROTEIN; INSECT; TORTRICIDAE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION AB Populus spp. (which include cottonwoods, aspens, and poplars) are important sources of wood, wood filer (pulp), and biofuels throughout the world, and are often intensively managed in short rotation stands. The cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., is a major pest of Populus throughout North America. It would be difficult to breed insect resistance into these trees using traditional plant breeding techniques because of their long generation time (4-8 yr); however, insect resistance could be produced through genetic engineering. Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) genes have negligible nontarget effects and are amenable to genetic engineering. We tested the toxicity of 16 B. thuringiensis preparations to identify genes that produce toxins effective against the cottonwood leaf beetle. B. thuringiensis preparations that contained spores were found to be only moderately more virulent than isolated toxins. Strains that produced Cry3A, Cry3B, and Cry8B caused 97-100% mortality in 1st and 2nd instars, with a mean time to death of 1-5 d. Mature larvae were less susceptible to these toxins than were neonates; however, the toxicity of 1 moderately active strain was not affected Ly larval age. Adults were not as sensitive as larvae to any of these toxins. Cropping with trees genetically engineered to produce B. thuringiensis toxins could lead to the evolution of toxin resistance in cottonwood leaf beetles, We found beetles from 3 different U.S. states varied significantly in their susceptibility to Cry3A. This variation means that regional differences in control levels could occur in the field, and that the potential for evolution of B. thuringiensis-resistance may already exist in some populations of this insect. Therefore, it is very important that before genetically engineered poplars are used extensively, management strategies be developed and implemented to prevent the evolution of resistance to B, thuringiensis in the cottonwood leaf beetle. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171HE UT WOS:000078856700014 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG TI Response of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) to its natural host after ten generations of rearing on a factitious host, Callosobrucus maculatus (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; Callosobruchus maculatus; factitious host; host acceptance ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE AB Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis, grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae),was reared in laboratory conditions on the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), as a factitious host to reduce costs on a mass propagation system. Total fecundity, daily oviposition, net reproductive rate, and sex ratio were evaluated and compared among females reared on A. grandis and C. maculatus. The larval data showed that C, maculatus is a viable alternative host for the rearing of C. grandis. After 10 generations of continuous rearing on C, maculatus, C, grandis females showed a significant switch in host acceptance as an oviposition site and remained even after rearing on A. grandis for 1 generation. For this reason, we do not recommend rearing C. grandis on C. maculatus for >1 generation. However, the use of A. grandis and C. maculatus as hosts may be an acceptable practice, given that host preference was not significantly affected on 1st-generation C. grandis females reared on C. maculatus. C1 ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 171HE UT WOS:000078856700018 ER PT J AU Ringold, PL Mulder, B Alegria, J Czaplewski, RL Tolle, T Burnett, K AF Ringold, PL Mulder, B Alegria, J Czaplewski, RL Tolle, T Burnett, K TI Establishing a regional monitoring strategy: The Pacific Northwest Forest Plan SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Northwest Forest Plan; monitoring; ecosystem management; adaptive management; adaptive monitoring ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; INVENTORY; FRAMEWORK; DESIGN AB This paper identifies lessons learned and issues raised during the development of an ecosystem monitoring strategy intended to support the Northwest Forest Plan. Adaptive ecosystem management, which requires monitoring as essential feedback to management, recognizes that action is necessary or appropriate, although knowledge may be imperfect. We suggest that this principle be explicitly acknowledged in the design of monitoring programs, and we coin the term adaptive monitoring design. Adaptive monitoring design is an iterative process that refines the specifications for monitoring over time as a result of experience in implementing a monitoring program, assessing results, and interacting with users. An adaptive design therefore facilitates ecosystem management. We also discuss lessons of temporal and spatial scales raised by the consideration of a design for ecosystem management. Three additional issues-integration of information from different sources, institutional infrastructure, and the roles of individuals working in an interagency setting-are also identified, but not developed in detail. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Biol Serv, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Bur Land Management, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ringold, PL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s002679900178 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152GC UT WOS:000077767300005 ER PT J AU Center, TD Dray, FA Jubinsky, GP Grodowitz, MJ AF Center, TD Dray, FA Jubinsky, GP Grodowitz, MJ TI Biological control of water hyacinth under conditions of maintenance management: Can herbicides and insects be integrated? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eichhornia crassipes; Neochetina eichhorniae; Neochetina bruchi; phytophagy; integrated control; aquatic weeds ID NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE COLEOPTERA; CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; LEAF DYNAMICS; GROWTH; PLANT; CURCULIONIDAE; FLORIDA AB We hypothesized that repeated herbicidal (maintenance) control of water hyacinth infestations in Florida suppressed biological control agent populations, especially the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi. We therefore sampled water hyacinth and weevil populations at 54 sites distributed statewide. Half were under maintenance control, half were not treated with herbicides. General site conditions were assessed, demographic data were collected on weevil and plant populations, the reproductive condition of the weevils was determined, and plant nutrient and proximate composition of water hyacinth leaves were analyzed. Water hyacinth infestations under maintenance control were minimal when compared to unmanaged sites. Likewise, on a population basis, all weevil cohorts were much lower due to the paucity of plants. Plants at unmanaged sites, where weevil intensities were much higher, suffered high levels of stress and showed low growth potential. Lower percentages of the female weevils were reproductive at unmanaged sites when compared to managed sites, so densities of reproductives and immatures were similar at both site types. Reproductive status of the weevils improved with increased plant quality. Plant quality, in turn, declined as stresses arising from weevil feeding increased. Plant quality was positively correlated with plant growth potential and flower production. Thus, maintenance control improved plant nutritive quality thereby inducing reproductive vigor of the weevils, but ensuring plant regrowth and the need for future control. This suggests that biological and herbicidal controls should be integrated, using herbicides to maintain water hyacinth infestations below management thresholds but in a manner that conserves biological control agent populations. This approach would lead to improved plant nutritional quality that would, in turn, stimulate reproduction in biological control agent populations. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Control Res, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Control Res, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s002679900183 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152GC UT WOS:000077767300010 ER PT J AU Eve, MD Whitford, WG Havstadt, KM AF Eve, MD Whitford, WG Havstadt, KM TI Applying satellite imagery to triage assessment of ecosystem health SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE AVHRR imagery; coppice dunes; desert rangelands; irreversible degraded; regional classification ID SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; AVAILABILITY; NITROGEN; PATTERNS; AVHRR; WATER; USA AB Considerable evidence documents that certain changes in vegetation and soils result in irreversibly degraded rangeland ecosystems. We used Advanced Very: High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery to develop calibration patterns of change in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the growing season for selected sites for which we had ground data and historical data characterizing these sites as irreversibly degraded. We used the NDVI curves for these training sites to classify and map the irreversibly degraded rangelands in southern New Mexico. We composited images into four year blocks: 1988-1991, 1989-1997, and 1990-1993. The overlap in pixels classified as irreversibly degraded ranged from 42.6% to 84.3% in year block comparisons. Quantitative data on vegetation composition and cover were collected at 13 sites within a small portion of the study area. Wide coverage reconnaissance of boundaries between vegetation types was also conducted for comparisons with year block maps. The year block 1988-1991 provided the most accurate delineation of degraded areas. The rangelands of southern New Mexico experienced above average precipitation from 1990-1993. The above average precipitation resulted in spatially variable productivity of ephemeral weedy plants on the training sites and degraded rangelands which resulted in much smaller areas classified as irreversibly degraded. We selected imagery for a single year, 1989, which was characterized by the absence of spring annual plant production in order to eliminate the confounding effect of reflectance from annual weeds. That image analysis classified more than 20% of the rangelands as irreversibly degraded because areas with shrub-grass mosaic were included in the degraded classification. The single year image included more than double the area classified as irreversibly degraded by the year blocks. AVHRR imagery can be used to make triage assessments of irreversibly degraded rangeland but such assessment requires understanding productivity patterns and variability across the landscapes of the region and careful selection of the years from which imagery is chosen. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept 3JER, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept 3JER, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 54 IS 3 BP 205 EP 227 DI 10.1023/A:1005876220078 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170CT UT WOS:000078788800001 ER PT J AU Seale, JL Conway, JM AF Seale, JL Conway, JM TI Relationship between overnight energy expenditure and BMR measured in a room-sized calorimeter SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; indirect calorimetry; resting metabolic rate; BMR AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if overnight energy expenditure, the lowest energy expenditure sustained for 60 min during the night, measured and predicted basal metabolic rate are equivalent. Design: Overnight energy expenditure (ON-EE), the lowest energy expenditure sustained for 60 min during sleep (LS-EE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured two to seven times in a room-sized indirect calorimeter in 69 adult subjects. Subjects' gender, age, weight and height were also used to predict BMR (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985) (BMR-WHO). Setting: Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA. Results: The results from calorimetry measurements (mean +/- s.d.) included: ON-EE (6.87 +/- 0.99 MJ/d), LS-EE (6.18 +/- 0.94 MJ/d) and BMR (6.87 +/- 0.99 MJ/d). Predicted BMR mean was: BMR-WHO, 6.95 +/- 1.03. The mean within-subject difference for the calorimetry measurements were: ON-EE, 0.21 MJ/d; LS-EE, 0.16 MJ/d; and BMR, 0.34 MJ/d. Results indicate there was no significant difference between ON-EE, BMR and BMR-WHO. LS-EE was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than ON-EE, BMR and BMR-WHO. Conclusion: These results indicate that while metabolic rate drops significantly below BMR during sleep, overnight metabolic rate and BMR are equivalent. Sponsorship: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Seale, JL (reprint author), Bldg 308,Rm 212,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Seale@BHNRC.ARSUSDA.GOV NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 53 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600685 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 168CB UT WOS:000078672200006 PM 10099943 ER PT J AU Meng, BZ Johnson, R Peressini, S Forsline, PL Gonsalves, D AF Meng, BZ Johnson, R Peressini, S Forsline, PL Gonsalves, D TI Rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 is consistently detected in grapevines that are infected with rupestris stem pitting SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RT-PCR; rugose wood (RW) complex; Vitis rupestris Scheele St. George (Synonym : du Lot); woody indicator indexing ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISEASE AB Rupestris stem pitting (RSP) appears to be the most widespread disease of the rugose wood complex of grapevines. In previous work we showed that rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 (RSPaV-1), an agent that has similarities in genome structure to apple stem pitting virus is associated with RSP (Meng et al., 1997, 1998). To validate the association of RSPaV-1 with RSP, grapevines that had been indexed on the RSP indicator St. George (Vitis rupestris Scheele) were collected from four major grape-growing countries and tested for RSPaV-1 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Depending on the sets of primers used, we detected RSPaV-1- specific sequences from 85% to nearly 100% of the grapevines that had indexed positive for RSP. These data further demonstrate that RSPaV-1 is closely associated with, and likely to be the causal agent of RSP. We have also shown that RT-PCR is a fast and reliable alternative to biological indexing for the diagnosis of RSP. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Plant Hlth, Sidney, BC V8L 1H3, Canada. Serv Chim Agr & Certificaz, I-33050 Pozzuolo del Friuli, UD, Italy. RP Meng, BZ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1008771713839 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 191DB UT WOS:000080005500008 ER PT J AU Rogers, DL Millar, CI Westfall, RD AF Rogers, DL Millar, CI Westfall, RD TI Fine-scale genetic structure of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis): Associations with watershed and growth form SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE family structure; genetic relatedness; growth form; krummholz; subalpine; treeline ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; BIRD-DISPERSED PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; SPATIAL VARIATION; CLARK NUTCRACKER; SEED DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS AB The fine-scale genetic structure of a subalpine conifer, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), was studied at nested geographic levels from watershed to adjacent stems in the eastern Sierra Nevada Range of California. A combination of several characteristics contributed to unpredicted genetic structure in this species. This includes being one of only 20 pine species worldwide with wingless, bird-dispersed seeds; having the reputed capacity to reproduce vegetatively; and forming distinct growth morphologies at different elevations in this part of its natural range. Genetic differentiation, as measured with 21 allozyme loci, among the three studied watersheds is virtually negligible (F-ST = 0.004). This is a surprising result because the upper-elevation sites vary somewhat in slope aspect; thus, aspect was confounded with watershed effect. Differentiation between the upper-elevation prostrate krummholz thickets and lower-elevation upright tree clump growth forms is modest (F-ST = 0.051). Much stronger differentiation was measured among the individual thickets and clumps within their sample sites (F-ST = 0.334). Within krummholz thickets, multiple individuals are present and genetic relationships often resemble half- to full-sibling family structure (mean r = 0.320). Canonical trend surface analysis in two intensively sampled thickets indicates greatest genotypic variation in the direction of the prevailing wind. At lower elevations, most (72%) of the tree clumps contained more than one genotype; the remaining clumps are probably multistemmed trees. Within tree clumps, family relationships are closer than those for krummholz thickets-commonly full-sibling to selfed structure (mean r = 0.597). Genetic structure is apparently profoundly influenced by the seed-caching behavior of Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana Wilson). Western pine species typically show little among-population differentiation and high levels of within-population genetic variation, in whitebark pine in the eastern Sierra Nevada of California, genetic variation is highly structured, especially within the natural groupings-krummholz thickets and upright tree clumps. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Rogers, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 74 EP 90 DI 10.2307/2640921 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 172MG UT WOS:000078927800007 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Conkle, MT Bermejo-Velazquez, B Eguiluz-Piedra, T Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR Dvorak, WS AF Ledig, FT Conkle, MT Bermejo-Velazquez, B Eguiluz-Piedra, T Hodgskiss, PD Johnson, DR Dvorak, WS TI Evidence for an extreme bottleneck in a rare Mexican pinyon: Genetic diversity, disequilibrium, and the mating system in Pinus maximartinezii SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE endangered species; isozymes; linkage disequilibrium; outcrossing; rarity ID POPULATION-GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FOREST; ALLELES; CEDAR AB Maxipinon (Pinus maximartinezii Rzedowski), which is confined to a single population of approximately 2000 to 2500 mature trees, covers about 400 ha in southern Zacatecas, Mexico. Genetic diversity measured by expected heterozygosity was 0.122, which is moderate for pines. However, percentage polymorphic loci was low, 30.3%. The fixation index (F) of 0.081 indicated only slight heterozygote deficiency. Mating system analysis indicated a significant but low level of selfing; the multilocus outcrossing rate, t(m), was 0.816. The mean of single locus estimates, t(s), was smaller (0.761), perhaps suggesting mating among relatives, although the difference between t(m) and t(s) was not statistically significant. The most striking features of maxipinon's genetic structure were that no polymorphic locus had more than two alleles and most alleles at polymorphic loci were at intermediate frequencies. This is in contrast to other pines, which often have three to five or more alleles at some loci and in which the distribution of allele frequencies is U-shaped, most alleles being present at frequencies less than 10% or greater than 90%. A population with only two alleles per locus and at intermediate frequencies could occur if the population had been reduced to an extreme bottleneck and then expanded rapidly before random drift modified allele frequencies. A novel origin from a hybridization event would also explain the results. Significant gametic disequilibrium was detected at several pairs of loci in both maternal and paternal gametes. The presence of disequilibrium is in agreement with an origin from an extreme bottleneck, perhaps even a single seed. Furthermore, it demands that the event be relatively recent. The number of generations, as calculated from the observed mean disequilibrium, suggested that maxipinon derived from an extreme bottleneck four to five generations ago, which is less than 1000 years in this species. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placeville, CA 95667 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Ctr Genet Forestal, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Grinnells Labs, CAMCORE, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2480 Carson Rd, Placeville, CA 95667 USA. EM tledig@ucdavis.edu NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.2307/2640922 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 172MG UT WOS:000078927800008 ER PT J AU Shang, F Gong, X McAvoy, JW Chamberlain, C Nowell, TR Taylor, A AF Shang, F Gong, X McAvoy, JW Chamberlain, C Nowell, TR Taylor, A TI Ubiquitin-dependent pathway is up-regulated in differentiating lens cells SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lens; ubiquitin; differentiation; development; epithelial cells ID FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; N-END RULE; PROTEIN-KINASE CDC2; ACTIVATING ENZYME; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BETA-CRYSTALLIN; IN-VIVO; ERYTHROID-DIFFERENTIATION AB The mammalian rye lens is composed of two distinct types of cells, epithelial cells and fiber cells. The fiber cells are generated throughout life via continuous differentiation of epithelial cells. Differentiation of lens cells involves dramatic changes in cellular components including altered activity of the ubiquitin dependent pathway. The concentration of high mass ubiquitin conjugates in the mitotically active-. differentiating-equatorial epithelial cells was 5-10 fold higher than that observed in mitotically quiescent, non-differentiated, central epithelial cells, even though there was a significant dilution of non-crystallin proteins due to an increase in level of crystallins in the differentiating cells. Similar observations were made when differentiation was modeled by exposure of lens epithelial explants to bFGF in culture. Activities or ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) in the differentiating equatorial epithelial cells were also up to 100% higher than those noted in nondifferentiated central epithelial cells and El appears to be rate controlling for ubiquitinylation. Consistent with the higher concentrations of high mass ubiquitin conjugates, there was a trend of enhanced ability to execute ATP-dependent protein degradation in the differentiating equatorial epithelial cells as compared with degradation in the non-differentiated central epithelial cells. These data indicate that the ubiquitin dependent pathway is up-regulated during differentiation of lens cells. in the differentiated fibers. the concentration of high mass ubiquitin conjugates and relative activities of E1 and E2s were 50% lower than in the non-differentiated central epithelial cells. Ln comparison, the concentration of the 110 kDa El was unchanged in differentiated fibers. However. if the factor of dilution by the significant increase in the level of crystallins was taken into account, the level or activities of the components of ubiquitin pathway in the differentiated cells was higher than the level noted in non-differentiated cells. These data indicate that, as compared with other non-crystallin proteins, there is differential stabilization and/or synthesis of the 110 kDa El and some other components of the ubiquitin dependent pathway in differentiated fibers. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Anat & Histol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI McAvoy, John/B-6229-2012 NR 92 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 68 IS 2 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1006/exer.1998.0576 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 179UN UT WOS:000079348000004 PM 10068483 ER PT J AU Rincon, MT Allison, MJ Michelangeli, F De Sanctis, I Dominguez-Bello, MG AF Rincon, MT Allison, MJ Michelangeli, F De Sanctis, I Dominguez-Bello, MG TI Anaerobic degradation of mimosine-derived hydroxypyridines by cell free extracts of the rumen bacterium Synergistes jonesii (vol 27, pg 127, 1998) SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Lab Fisiol Gastrointestinal, CBB, Caracas, Venezuela. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas, Venezuela. ARS, USDA, Natl Dis Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Dominguez-Bello, MG (reprint author), Biblioteca Marcel Roche, BAMCO CCS 199-00,POB 025322, Miami, FL 33102 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166HH UT WOS:000078569800010 ER PT J AU Woteki, C AF Woteki, C TI Untitled SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Woteki, C (reprint author), USDA, Room 217W,Jamie L Whitten Bldg,14th & Independenc, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0956-7135(98)00021-8 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 157CM UT WOS:000078041900001 ER PT J AU Duffy, G Riordan, DCR Sheridan, JJ Eblen, BS Whiting, RC Blair, IS McDowell, DA AF Duffy, G Riordan, DCR Sheridan, JJ Eblen, BS Whiting, RC Blair, IS McDowell, DA TI Differences in thermotolerance of various Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strains in a salami matrix SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Association-of-Milk-Food-and-Environmental-Sanitarians CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitarians ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; THERMAL INACTIVATION; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SAUSAGE; O157/H7; HEAT; BEEF AB Three strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895 Ent C9490 and 380-94) were inoculated into salami and heated in water baths at 50, 55 or 60 degrees C. Ar intervals between I and 360 min, salami samples were removed from the water bath and examined for the presence of surviving E. coli O157:H7. Samples were directly plated onto sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar, and onto tryptone soya agar (TSA) with SMAC overlay. The number of sub-lethally damaged cells in each sample was estimated from the differences between the resultant direct (uninjured cells only) and overlay (total recovery) counts. in samples heated at 50 degrees C, the percentage of cell injury ranged from 71.8-88% for all strains. in samples heated at 55 degrees C the percentage of sub-lethally damaged cells in strains A TCC 43895 and Ent C9490 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at 97% than that observed in strain 380-94 (64%). Cell injury was not measured at 60 degrees C. There were significant differences between the derived decimal reduction times (D-values) related to the different strains of E. coli O157:H7, the heat treatment applied and the recovery/enumeration agars used. Significant interstrain differences (P < 0.05) in thermotolerance were noted. Strain Ent C9490 was significantly more heat resistant at 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C (D-values of 116.9 and 2.2 min, respectively), while at 55 degrees C strain 380-94 was more thermotolerant (D-value of 21.9 min). The implications of these findings for the design of studies investigating the heat resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in fermented meat environments are discussed. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Riordan, DCR (reprint author), TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1006/fmic.1998.0214 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 164XG UT WOS:000078488400010 ER PT J AU Fiedler, CE Keegan, CE Wichman, DP Arno, SF AF Fiedler, CE Keegan, CE Wichman, DP Arno, SF TI Product and economic implications of ecological restoration SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The call for ecological restoration of declining forest conditions in the western United States has raised concerns about a fundamental change toward smaller, lower-value timber products flowing from national forest lands. The objective of this study was to evaluate restoration prescriptions for three widely occurring ponderosa pine stand conditions, and determine the degree to which the value of product removals might underwrite treatment costs. In mature pine conditions on terrain suitable for groundbased harvest equipment (i.e., less than or equal to 35% slope), a comprehensive restoration prescription produced a net revenue of $950/ac. with a roundwood-pulpwood market, and $875/ac. without one. On terrain > 35 percent slope requiring cable-yarding systems, net values were $600/ac, with a pulpwood market, and $500/ac. without. In contrast, thinning-from-below using ground-based equipment required a $50/ac. subsidy with a pulpwood market, and $300/ac. without one. Using cable systems, a subsidy of $300/ac. would be needed with a pulpwood market, and $600/ac. without one. In dense second-growth conditions using ground-based equipment, the restoration prescription produced $500/ac. with a pulpwood market, and $325/ac. without. With cable systems, this prescription produced $75/ac. with a pulpwood market, but required a subsidy of $100/ac. without one. Using ground-based equipment in moderately open conditions, the restoration prescription needed a $50/ac, subsidy with a pulpwood market, and $75/ac. without. Corresponding shortfalls with cable systems were $250/ac. and $275/ac., respectively. Results show the importance of selecting: 1) comprehensive prescriptions over thinning-from-below for restoring mature stands; and 2) dense second-growth stands over moderately open ones in terms of treatment priority. C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Effects Project, USDA, Intermt Res Sta,Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Fiedler, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 49 IS 2 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 169VK UT WOS:000078769600007 ER PT J AU Wolfe, RW Gjinolli, A AF Wolfe, RW Gjinolli, A TI Durability and strength of cement-bonded wood particle composites made from construction waste SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A pilot study was conducted to assess the potential for using southern pine particles derived from construction waste to create a cement-wood composite suitable for exposed structural applications. Panels fabricated from copper chromium arsenate (CCA)-treated as well as untreated particles were cut into individual samples and tested for freeze-thaw durability, strength, and toughness. Results support the premise that these composites can be designed to meet the requirements for highway sound barriers. The results also show that these composites have energy-dissipating properties that could have special applications in structures where impact and dynamic Load are a design consideration. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wolfe, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 49 IS 2 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 169VK UT WOS:000078769600008 ER PT J AU Williams, RS AF Williams, RS TI Effect of water repellents on long-term durability of millwork treated with water-repellent preservatives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report describes the long-term effect of water repellents (WRs) on durability of painted window units that were placed outdoors near Madison Wis., in 1956. It includes the final evaluation of the windows and an analysis of their water repellency during the first 6 years of exposure. Also. swellometer test results for the treating formulations are compared with water repellency and durability of the window units treated with those formulations. The wooden windows were originally treated with several water-repellent preservatives (WRPs) that contained different amounts of WR. Following the WRP treatment, the windows were primed, tap coated, and left to weather for 28 years without maintenance. Analysis of the dimensional changes of the WR-treated windows showed that during the first 6 years of exposure, the water-repellent effectiveness (WRE) decreased with time. A least squares fit of this decrease in WRE with time had r(2) values in the range of 0.6 to 0.8 for most treatments. Extrapolation of this trend showed that the effectiveness dropped to zero at about 20 years. There was little correlation between the long-term durability of the windows and the initial swellometer values for the various treatments. There was, however, a slight correlation (r(2) = 0.64) between the original swellometer measurements and the time for the WRE to reach zero. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 49 IS 2 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 169VK UT WOS:000078769600012 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Cormier, KL Briggs, RG Martinez, DL AF Williams, MS Cormier, KL Briggs, RG Martinez, DL TI Evaluation of the Barr & Stroud FP15 and Criterion 400 laser dendrometers for measuring upper stem diameters and heights SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixed effect models; taper equation; instrument familiarity ID PROFILE PREDICTIONS; WESTERN HEMLOCK; SAMPLE TREES; VOLUME; MODEL; DBH AB Calibrated Barr & Stroud FP15 and Criterion 400 laser dendrometers were tested for reliability in measuring upper stem diameters and heights under typical field conditions, Data were collected in the Black Hills National Forest, which covers parts of South Dakota and Wyoming in the United States. Mixed effects models were employed to account for differences between users of the dendrometers and to test for significant differences between the heights and diameters measured indirectly (by dendrometer) and directly (by caliper and linear tape). The location at which measurements were taken on each tree was determined by paint marks along the bole, No significant differences between users were found. The Barr & Stroud consistently overestimated diameters by approximately 0.3 cm (0.1 in), Unbiased estimates of diameter were obtained with the Criterion 400. For height measurements, neither the Barr & Stroud nor the Criterion 400 produced unbiased measurements. The effect of distance to the base of the tree and height of the diameter measurement on the variability of the measurements was also studied. As distance increased, the variability of diameter measurements increased for both dendrometers. For the measurement of height, only the Barr & Stroud exhibited an increase in the variability of measurements with increasing distance. After correcting the data for their biases, taper equations were fitted to them and analyzed. The equations generated from the Barr & Stroud were not significantly different from those generated from direct measurement, unlike the Criterion 400 where taper equations generated were statistically different. A brief study of the effects of familiarity with each dendrometer indicated that the measurement error and variability decreased as the user became more familiar with the Criterion, This was not the case for the Barr & Stroud. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Washington Off Forest Management Serv Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. US Forest Serv, Renewable Resources Grp, Rocky Mt Reg Off, USDA, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 166BH UT WOS:000078556000007 ER PT J AU Davidson, CB Gottschalk, KW Johnson, JE AF Davidson, CB Gottschalk, KW Johnson, JE TI Tree mortality following defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in the United States: A review SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE defoliation effects; vulnerability; stand dynamics; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae ID BILINEATUS WEBER COLEOPTERA; SUGAR MAPLE TREES; MIXED OAK STANDS; INSECT DEFOLIATION; ARMILLARIA-MELLEA; CHESTNUT BORER; WHITE OAK; GROWTH; BUPRESTIDAE; RESISTANCE AB This review presents information related to defoliation by the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) and subsequent tree mortality in the eastern United States, The literature describing defoliation-induced tree mortality is extensive, yet questions sti II remain concerning (1) the association between initial stand composition and subsequent tree mortality, (2) the influence of site quality on tree mortality, and (3) observed differences between mortality rates in initial and subsequent outbreaks. Our review and analysis of the available literature indicates that initial species composition affects subsequent defoliation, Stands with predominantly susceptible host species have higher levels of species-specific and total mortality than mixed stands of susceptible, resistant, and immune host species. Differences in mortality on sites of varying productivity do not appear to be a direct result of site quality; rather, site quality indirectly influences mortality rates through its effect on species composition and therefore defoliation, Differences between initial and subsequent outbreaks appear to be due primarily to losses of vulnerable oaks and lower canopy species during the initial outbreak; oak mortality in initial outbreaks was found to be significantly greater (P = 0.0727) than oak mortality in subsequent outbreaks. C1 Champ Int, Eastern Carolina Reg, Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Virginia Tech, Coll forestry & Wildlife Resources, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Davidson, CB (reprint author), Champ Int, Eastern Carolina Reg, POB 309, Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870 USA. NR 69 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 38 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 166BH UT WOS:000078556000009 ER PT J AU Ganey, JL Block, WM Jenness, JS Wilson, RA AF Ganey, JL Block, WM Jenness, JS Wilson, RA TI Mexican spotted owl home range and habitat use in pine-oak forest: Implications for forest management SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gambel oak; habitat use; home range; Mexican spotted owl; pine-oak forest; ponderosa pine; radio telemetry ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; TRIANGULATION ERROR; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SELECTION; ESTIMATORS AB To better understand the habitat relationships of the Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida), and how such relationships might influence forest management, we studied home-range and habitat use of radio-marked owls in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) forest. Annual home-range size (95% adaptive-kernel estimate) averaged 895 ha +/- 70 (SE) for 12 individuals and 997 ha +/- 186 (SE) for 7 pairs of owls. On average, the 75% adaptive-kernel contour (a probability contour containing 75% of the owl locations) included 32 and 30% of the annual home range for individuals and pairs, respectively, suggesting high concentration of activity in a relatively small portion of the home range. Relative area of three cover types (ponderosa pine forest, pine-oak forest, and meadow) did not differ between seasonal ranges, and owls used these cover types in proportion to their relative area during both breeding and nonbreeding seasons. In contrast, relative area of four canopy-cover classes varied between seasons. Breeding-season ranges contained greater proportions of areas with canopy cover greater than or equal to 60% and lower proportions of areas with 20-39% canopy cover than nonbreeding-season ranges. Owls roosted and foraged in stands with greater than or equal to 60% canopy cover more than expected during both breeding and nonbreeding seasons, and used stands with 20-39% canopy cover less than expected except for foraging during the breeding season. Stands used for foraging did not differ in structure between seasons and had greater canopy cover and less rock cover than stands with no documented use. Stands used for roosting differed between seasons in a multivariate comparison, but no individual habitat variables differed between seasons in subsequent univariate comparisons. In both seasons, stands used for roosting had greater canopy cover than stands with no roosting use. Closed-canopy forests, which were used heavily by owls, were relatively rare on the study area, suggesting that such forests warrant special protection in areas managed for spotted owls. This may conflict with efforts to restore more open conditions in ponderosa pine forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ganey, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Joe.Ganey@nau.edu; wblock/mrs_flagstaff@fs.fed.us; JSJ@alpine.for.nau.edu; rwilson@gf.state.az.us OI Jenness, Jeff/0000-0002-9448-1444 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 166BH UT WOS:000078556000014 ER PT J AU Kyetere, DT Ming, R McMullen, MD Pratt, RC Brewbaker, J Musket, T AF Kyetere, DT Ming, R McMullen, MD Pratt, RC Brewbaker, J Musket, T TI Genetic analysis of tolerance to maize streak virus in maize SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; Cicadulina spp.; host resistance; gene mapping; molecular markers ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; INBRED LINES; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; LINKAGE AB Maize streak, incited by maize streak geminivirus (MSV), is a major disease limiting maize (Zea mays L.) production over widespread areas of Africa. To understand the genetic basis of tolerance to MSV, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of the MSV tolerant inbred Tzi4 with the MSV susceptible inbred Hi34, were evaluated for MSV tolerance. Experiments were conducted using controlled leafhopper (Cicadulina spp.) infestation in one glasshouse experiment at Namulonge, Uganda, and two field experiments at Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, Harare, Zimbabwe. Eighty-seven RILs were genotyped at 82 loci by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The association between genotype at RFLP marker loci and MSV tolerance was determined using single-factor analysis of variance (SFAOV), multiple regression, and interval mapping procedures. There was a significant association of MSV tolerance with RFLP markers on the short arm of chromosome 1. By SFAOV, the portion of the phenotypic variance explained by genotype class (R(2)) for the association between npi262 and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) measure of MSV tolerance was as high as 76% in field experiments. Interval mapping analyses (Knapp and Bridges 1990; Nelson 1997) identified the chromosome region bracketed by bnl12.06a and npi262 as explaining the largest proportion of the variation in MSV tolerance. After classification of symptom responses from the final field ratings into resistant and susceptible classes, qualitative analysis of data fit a chi-square test to a 1:1 Mendelian ratio, further indicating presence of a single major gene. Multipoint linkage analysis placed this gene, designated msv1, at a genetic distance of 3 cM distal to npi262. Identification of the tightly linked molecular marker locus npi262 should greatly aid ongoing conversion of susceptible African varieties to maize streak resistance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Hort, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Pratt, RC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM pratt.3@osu.edu NR 39 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1139/gen-42-1-20 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 166GK UT WOS:000078567700003 ER PT J AU Bai, D AF Bai, D TI Three novel Nicotiana debneyi specific repetitive DNA elements derived from a RAPD marker SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RAPD; repetitive DNA; Nicotiana debneyi; species-specific ID BLACK ROOT-ROT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCES; TOBACCO; TOMATO; COTTON; GENE AB The RAPD marker UBC418(1050), tightly linked in coupling with the Nicotiana debneyi gene for resistance to black root rot (Chalara elegans Nag Raj and Kendrick; Syn. Thielaviopsis basicola [Berk. and Broome] Ferraris), has been cloned and sequenced. The terminal 10 bases of this RAPD marker exactly match the sequence of the primer UBC418. UBC418(1050) was restricted into 6 subfragments of 75, 91, 110, 174, 274, and 336 bp (the accession numbers for these 6 subfragments in the GenBank Data Base are U84217, U84218, U84219, U84220, U84221, and U84222, respectively) by combined restriction with HindIII and RsaI. The entire UBC418(1050) marker and its 6 subfragments were used as probes in RFLP analyses. The RFLP analyses were performed on 'Delgold' tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), the tobacco plants (2n = 48) recovered from the somatic hybrids between 'Delgold' and N. debneyi, the 'Delgold' tobacco translocation line carrying the N. debneyi gene for resistance to black root rot, the 'Delgold' tobacco addition lines carrying various N. debneyi chromosomes, and an additional 27 species in the genus Nicotiana. The analyses indicated that UBC418(1050) is composed of at least 6 different repetitive DNA elements that are independently interspersed in N. debneyi genomes. Three of them (subfragments of 91, 274, and 336 bp) are N, debneyi specific. The N. debneyi specific repetitive DNA elements are distributed primarily within the taxonomic section (Suaveolentes) to which N. debneyi belongs. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Bai, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 166GK UT WOS:000078567700014 ER PT J AU Law, BE Ryan, MG Anthoni, PM AF Law, BE Ryan, MG Anthoni, PM TI Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon allocation; carbon balance; carbon exchange; eddy covariance; micrometeorology; net primary production; photosynthesis; Pinus ponderosa; respiration; vegetation-atmosphere interaction ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER-VAPOR; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; EDDY-CORRELATION; WOODY-TISSUE; FOREST; CO2; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE AB The net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between forests and the atmosphere, measured by eddy covariance, is the small difference between two large fluxes of photosynthesis and respiration. Chamber measurements of soil surface CO2 efflux (F-s), wood respiration (F-w,) and foliage respiration (F-f) help identify the contributions of these individual components to net ecosystem exchange. Models developed from the chamber data also provide independent estimates of respiration casts. We measured CO2 efflux with chambers periodically in 1996-97 in a ponderosa pine forest in Oregon, scaled these measurements to the ecosystem, and computed annual totals for respiration by component. We also compared estimated half-hourly ecosystem respiration at night (F-nc) with eddy covariance measurements. Mean foliage respiration normalized to 10 degrees C was 0.20 mu mol m(-2) (hemi-leaf surface area) s(-1), and reached a maximum of 0.24 mu mol m(-2) HSA s(-1) between days 162 and 208. Mean wood respiration normalized to 10 degrees C was 5.9 mu mol m(-3) sapwood s(-1), with slightly higher rates in mid-summer, when growth occurs. There was no significant difference (P > 0.10) between wood respiration of young (45 years) and old trees (250 years). Soil surface respiration normalized to 10 degrees C ranged from 0.7 to 3.0 mu mol m(-2) (ground) s(-1) from days 23 to 329, with the lowest rates in winter and highest rates in late spring. Annual CO2 flux from soil surface, foliage and wood was 683, 157, and 54 g C m(-2) y(-1), with soil fluxes responsible for 76% of ecosystem respiration. The ratio of net primary production to gross primary production was 0.45, consistent with values for conifer sites in Oregon and Australia, but higher than values reported for boreal coniferous forests. Below-ground carbon allocation (root turnover and respiration, estimated as F-s, - litterfall carbon) consumed 61% of GPP; high ratios such as this are typical of sites with more water and nutrient constraints. The chamber estimates were moderately correlated with change in CO2 storage in the canopy (F-stor) on calm nights (friction velocity u* < 0.25 m s(-1); R-2 = 0.60); F-stor was not significantly different from summed chamber estimates. On windy nights (u* > 0.25 m s(-1)), the sum of turbulent flux measured above the canopy by eddy covariance and Fstor Was only weakly correlated with summed chamber estimates (R-2 = 0.14); the eddy covariance estimates were lower than chamber estimates by 50%. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Law, BE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lawb@ccmail.orst.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 53 TC 337 Z9 385 U1 6 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00214.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 170ED UT WOS:000078792600004 ER PT J AU Martens, DA Suarez, DL AF Martens, DA Suarez, DL TI Selenium in water management wetlands in the semi-arid west SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wetlands and Horticulture - Problems and Solutions at the 93rd ASHS Annual Meeting CY OCT 07, 1996 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Water Utilizat & Management Working Grp, Mineral Nutr Working Grp ID AMINO-ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MINERALIZATION; REPRODUCTION; SPECIATION; CALIFORNIA; GENERATION; SOILS; BASIN C1 ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Martens, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DC UT WOS:000078616500005 ER PT J AU Snyder, GH Deren, CW Glaz, B AF Snyder, GH Deren, CW Glaz, B TI Wetland crops versus wetland drainage SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wetlands and Horticulture - Problems and Solutions at the 93rd ASHS Annual Meeting CY OCT 07, 1996 CL LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Water Utilizat & Management Working Grp, Mineral Nutr Working Grp ID EVERGLADES; FLORIDA C1 Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Snyder, GH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, POB 8003, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DC UT WOS:000078616500007 ER PT J AU Roy, S Conway, WS Watada, AE Sams, CE Erbe, EF Wergin, WP AF Roy, S Conway, WS Watada, AE Sams, CE Erbe, EF Wergin, WP TI Changes in the ultrastructure of the epicuticular wax and postharvest calcium uptake in apples SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaCl2; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy; Malus xdomestica; pressure infiltration ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FRUIT; INFILTRATION; VERSATILITY; CUTICLES; SURFACE; LEAVES; OZONE AB Structural changes in the cuticle could be partially responsible for the differences in uptake of infiltrated Ca in apple fruit. We examined the relationship between the surface structure of epicuticular wax of 'Golden Delicious' apple and Ca uptake by the fruit. Apples were nontreated or pressure infiltrated with distilled water, or with 0.14 or 0.27 mol.L-1 CaCl2 solutions 2 weeks before optimum harvest time, at optimum harvest, or after 2, 4, or 6 months of storage at 0 degrees C. Examination of the fruit surface with low-temperature scanning electron microscopy revealed that cracks in the epicuticular wan became wider and deeper as storage duration increased. After 6 months of storage, the cracks extended through the cuticle. Uptake of Ca by the infiltrated fruit was greater after 6 months of storage than after shorter storage intervals. These data indicate that as storage duration increased, epicuticular wax cracks became deeper and Ca uptake by the fruit increased. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DC UT WOS:000078616500028 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Harrison, HF AF Fery, RL Harrison, HF TI Characterization of the bentazon herbicide tolerance factor in 'Bohemian Chili' pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; herbicide resistance; vegetable breeding; genetics ID CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; INHERITANCE AB Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the genetic relationship between bentazon tolerance exhibited by the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars Bohemian Chili and Santaka, and to evaluate the importance of cytoplasmic factors in expression of the tolerance in 'Bohemian Chili.' Greenhouse evaluation of parental and Fl populations of the cross 'Santaka' x 'Bohemian Chili' indicated that the major dominant gene conditioning bentazon tolerance in 'Bohemian Chili' is probably the Bzt gene that conditions bentazon tolerance in 'Santaka' or a gene closely linked to the Bzt locus. Field evaluation of F-1 and F-2 progeny populations of the cross 'Bohemian Chili' x 'Sweet Banana' in both 'Bohemian Chili' and 'Sweet Banana' cytoplasms demonstrated that cytoplasmic factors do not affect the expression of the bentazon tolerance gene in 'Bohemian Chili.' We conclude that 'Santaka' and 'Bohemian Chili' are equally satisfactory sources of a bentazon tolerance gene for use in pepper breeding programs. Chemical name used: 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide (bentazon). C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DC UT WOS:000078616500029 ER PT J AU Bowman, KD AF Bowman, KD TI Comparison of two citrus bud-forcing methods for rapid propagation of scions on new hybrid citrumelo rootstocks SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE budding; Citrus sinensis; Citrus reticulata; nursery; Thielaviopsis basicola; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides AB Bending was compared to cutting off for effectiveness in forcing growth of sweet orange and mandarin scions budded on 'Carrizo' citrange,'Swingle' citrumelo, and 17 new hybrid citrumelo rootstocks. For both scion types, more than twice as many plants from the bending treatment than the cut treatment had growing scion buds at 12 weeks. This advantage of the bending treatment was similar for most scion/rootstock combinations except with sweet orange scion on 'Carrizo', which produced outstanding bud growth from both forcing methods. Length of growing shoots at 12 weeks was >14 times longer from the bending than the cut treatment for both scions and with all rootstocks. Tree survival and yield of usable trees at 35 weeks old were also significantly better for the bending treatment than for the cut treatment. There was an overwhelming advantage to using the bending treatment instead of cutting off in forcing scion bud growth for propagating citrus trees on citrumelo rootstocks. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Bowman, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 142 EP 143 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 167DC UT WOS:000078616500035 ER PT J AU McIntosh, AH Christian, PD Grasela, JJ AF McIntosh, AH Christian, PD Grasela, JJ TI The establishment of heliothine cell lines and their susceptibility to two baculoviruses SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; HzSNPV; AcMNPV; DNA fingerprinting (DAF) ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; SERUM-FREE MEDIA; REPLICATION; CULTURE; INFECTIVITY AB A total of eight cell lines were established from Helicoverpa armigera (3) and Ei. punctigera (5) embryos and ovaries. Cell lines were established and grown in TC100 and/or TC199-MK; containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The serum-free medium ExCell(TM) 400 was also used, with and without 10% supplemental fetal bovine serum, but failed to generate cell lines from fat bodies. embryos, or ovarian tissues. Cell lines consisted of heterogenous cell types ranging from oval to fibroblast-like. This is thr first report on the successful establishment of cell lines from H. punctigera. Cell lines from the two species were distinguishable from each other by DAF-PCR, and noticeable differences in minor bands were observed among: cell lines from the same species. All of the established cell lines from both species were susceptible to HzSNPV hut did not replicate more virus than that of a H. Lea cell line (BCIRL-HZ-AM1-A11). However, an ir! punctigera cell line (HP1) replicated AcMNPV to the highest titer(1.0 x 10(8) 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml), and only one of the H, armigera cell lines (HA1) was susceptible to this virus. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. CSIRO, Div Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP McIntosh, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 164VY UT WOS:000078485300007 PM 10475263 ER PT J AU Gundersen-Rindal, D Lynn, DE Dougherty, EM AF Gundersen-Rindal, D Lynn, DE Dougherty, EM TI Transformation of lepidopteran and coleopteran insect cell lines by Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus DNA SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE in vitro; parasitic wasp; Lymantria dispar ID WASP CHELONUS-INANITUS; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; ESTABLISHMENT; GENOME; HOST AB Recently investigators showed that polydnavirus DNA from the parasitic wasp Glyptapanteles indiensis could transform gypsy moth L. dispar cell lines in vitro (McKelvey ei al., 1996). Here we shaw GiPDV DNA is capable of transforming in vitro to varying degrees lepidopteran (IPLB-TN-R-2, IPLB-SF-21, IAL-PID2, IPLB-HvT1) and coleopteran (IPLB-DU182E) insect cell lines derived from various somatic tissue types. An insect cell line derived from dipteran Aedes albopictus (C7/10) could not be transformed with G. indiensis polydnavirus. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dgunders@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 164VY UT WOS:000078485300010 PM 10475266 ER PT J AU Ackermann, MR Brogden, KA Florance, AF Kehrli, ME AF Ackermann, MR Brogden, KA Florance, AF Kehrli, ME TI Induction of CD18-mediated passage of neutrophils by Pasteurella haemolytica in pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; EMIGRATION; LUNG; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; INFLAMMATION; DEPOSITION; PNEUMONIA; ELASTASE AB Pasteurella haemolytica is an important respiratory pathogen of cattle that incites extensive infiltrates of neutrophils into the lung. In addition to the parenchymal damage caused by factors released by P. haemolytica, neutrophils contribute to the pathologic changes in the lungs. Molecules which mediate neutrophil infiltration into the lungs during P. haemolytica pneumonia are poorly characterized. To determine whether the CD18 family (beta(2)-integrin) of leukocyte adhesion molecules mediates initial passage of neutrophils into the pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles of lungs infected with P. haemolytica, three Holstein calves homozygous for bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) (CD18-deficient neutrophils), and three age- and breed-matched control calves (normal CD18 expression) were inoculated with P. haemolytica A1 via a fiberoptic bronchoscope and euthanized at 2 h postinoculation. Sections of lung were stained for neutrophils, and the intensity of neutrophilic infiltration was determined by computerized image analysis. Significantly fewer (P < 0.05) neutrophils infiltrated the lumen, epithelium, and adventitia of bronchioles and bronchi in lungs of calves with BLAD compared to normal calves, which had dense infiltrates within these sites at 2 h postinoculation. The reduced infiltration in calves with BLAD occurred despite the presence of an extremely large number of neutrophils in peripheral blood that is typical for these calves. The large number of neutrophils in the blood of calves with BLAD is probably a physiologic response that can occur without microbial colonization, since one calf with BLAD that was raised under germ-free conditions had large numbers of neutrophils in the blood that were similar to those in a calf with BLAD that was raised conventionally. Neutrophil counts in the germ-free and conventionally reared calves with BLAD were much higher than those in the three normal calves raised under germ-free conditions. The work in this study demonstrates that during the initial inflammatory response, neutrophils with normal CD18 expression pass more readily than CD18-deficient neutrophils into the walls and lumen of bronchi and bronchioles. It suggests that CD18 is needed for initial passage through the extensive extracellular matrix of the bronchi and bronchioles. This has potential importance for the development of therapies to direct or inhibit neutrophil infiltration into conducting airways rather than alveolar spaces. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ruminant Resp & CNS Dis Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, 2738 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 160VE UT WOS:000078251400027 PM 9916073 ER PT J AU Barnett, JK Barnett, D Bolin, CA Summers, TA Wagar, EA Cheville, NF Hartskeerl, RA Haake, DA AF Barnett, JK Barnett, D Bolin, CA Summers, TA Wagar, EA Cheville, NF Hartskeerl, RA Haake, DA TI Expression and distribution of leptospiral outer membrane components during renal infection of hamsters SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR HARDJO; HUMAN IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; BOVIS INFECTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEIN; VACCINATION; SURFACE; KIDNEY AB The outer membrane of pathogenic Leptospira species grown in culture media contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a porin (OmpL1), and several lipoproteins, including LipL36 and LipL41. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and distribution of these outer membrane antigens during renal infection. Hamsters were challenged with host-derived Leptospira kirschneri to generate sera which contained antibodies to antigens expressed in vivo. Immunoblotting performed with sera from animals challenged with these host-derived organisms demonstrated reactivity with OmpL1, LipL41, and several other proteins but not with LipL36. Although LipL36 is a prominent outer membrane antigen of cultivated L. kirschneri, its expression also could not be detected in infected hamster kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry, indicating that expression of this protein is down-regulated in vivo. In contrast, LPS, OmpL1, and LipL41 were demonstrated on organisms colonizing the lumen of proximal convoluted renal tubules at both 10 and 28 days postinfection. Tubular epithelial cells around the luminal colonies had fine granular cytoplasmic LPS. When the cellular inflammatory response was present in the renal interstitium at 28 days postinfection, LPS and OmpL1 were also detectable within interstitial phagocytes. These data establish that outer membrane components expressed during infection have roles in the induction and persistence of leptospiral interstitial nephritis. C1 W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ So Indiana, Dept Biol, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Haake, DA (reprint author), W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 111F, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI034431, R29 AI034431, AI-34431, R21 AI034431] NR 47 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 853 EP 861 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 160VE UT WOS:000078251400054 PM 9916100 ER PT J AU Wolfe, GR Smith, CA Hendrix, DL Salvucci, ME AF Wolfe, GR Smith, CA Hendrix, DL Salvucci, ME TI Molecular basis for thermoprotection in Bemisia: structural differences between whitefly ketose reductase and other medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorbitol dehydrogenase; polyols; heat stress; insect carbohydrates ID LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MAMMALIAN SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE; POLYOL DEHYDROGENASES; FAMILY; GENE; SPECIFICITY; CRYSTALLIN; RESOLUTION; GLYCEROL; PROTEINS AB The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii, Bellows and Perring) accumulates sorbitol as a thermoprotectant in response to elevated temperature. Sorbitol synthesis in this insect is catalyzed by an unconventional ketose reductase (KR) that uses NADPH to reduce fructose. A cDNA encoding the NADPH-KR from adult B. argentifolii was cloned and sequenced to determine the primary structure of this enzyme. The cDNA encoded a protein of 352 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38.2 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA shared 60% identity with sheep NAD(+)-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). Residues in SDH involved in substrate binding were conserved in the whitefly NADPH-KR. An important structural difference between the whitefly NADPH-KR and NAD(+)-SDHs occurred in the nucleotide-binding site. The Agp residue that coordinates the adenosyl ribose hydroxyls in NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenases (including NAD(+)-SDH), was replaced by an Ala in the whitefly NADPH-KR. The whitefly NADPH-KR also contained two neutral to Arg substitutions within four residues of the Asp to Ala substitution. Molecular modeling indicated that addition of the Arg residues and loss of the Asp decreased the electric potential of the adenosine ribose-binding pocket, creating an environment favorable for NADPH-binding. Because of the ability to use NADPH, the whitefly NADPH-KR synthesizes sorbitol under physiological conditions, unlike NAD+-SDHs, which function in sorbitol catabolism. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00114-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 180PT UT WOS:000079394900003 PM 10196734 ER PT J AU Predel, R Kellner, R Nachman, RJ Holman, GM Rapus, J Gade, G AF Predel, R Kellner, R Nachman, RJ Holman, GM Rapus, J Gade, G TI Differential distribution of pyrokinin-isoforms in cerebral and abdominal neurohemal organs of the American cockroach SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Periplaneta americana; insect; neuropeptide; myotropin; pyrokinins; neurohemal organs; visceral muscle ID MYOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDE; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; RETROCEREBRAL COMPLEX; INSECT; DIAPAUSE AB Different pyrokinin isoforms were identified from major neurohemal organs of the American cockroach. During their isolation they were recognized by bioassay using a hyperneural muscle preparation that is sensitive to pyrokinins, All structures were elucidated by sequence analysis and mass spectrometry. The primary structures of the novel peptides isolated from the retrocerebral complex are LVPFRPRL-NH2 (designated Pea-PK-3) and DHLPHDVYSPRL-NH2 (designated Pea-PK-4). A pyrokinin, labeled Pea-PK-5, was isolated from abdominal perisympathetic organs. Structural analysis of this peptide yielded the sequence GGGGSGETSGMWFGPRL-NH2. The threshold concentrations of the identified pyrokinins for an eliciting effect on contractions of the hyperneural muscle preparations differed dramatically. This indicates that the different distribution of pyrokinin-isoform observed in neurohemal organs may be associated with different functions. This is the first report of a differential distribution of peptide-isoforms in the neurohemal organs of insects. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Inst Physiol Chem & Pathobiochem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Predel, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Allgemeine Zool & Tierphysiol, Erbertstr 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00117-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 180PT UT WOS:000079394900006 PM 10196736 ER PT J AU Hung, GC Chilton, NB Beveridge, I Zhu, XQ Lichtenfels, JR Gasser, RB AF Hung, GC Chilton, NB Beveridge, I Zhu, XQ Lichtenfels, JR Gasser, RB TI Molecular evidence for cryptic species within Cylicostephanus minutus (Nematoda : Strongylidae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cylicostephanus minutus; ribosomal DNA; first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1); second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2); single-strand conformation polymorphism; cryptic species ID CYLICOCYCLUS-ASHWORTHI NEMATODA; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; STRONGYLOIDEA; POLYMERASE; HELMINTHS; NASSATUS; RFLP; EGGS; RDNA AB The nucleotide sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA were determined for adults of Cylicostephanus minutus from different geographical origins. The lengths of first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences ranged from 370 to 372 bp and 215 to 216 bp, respectively. Pairwise sequence comparisons revealed that some individuals of C. minutus had identical first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences, whereas others differed by 3.0% and 7.4% in their first and second transcribed spacers, respectively. Some individuals with sequence differences originated from the same host. The levels of difference within C. minutus were higher than that between the morphologically distinct species, Cylicostephanus goldi and Cylicostephanus longibursatus (0.8% for the first internal transcribed spacer and 3.8% for the second internal transcribed spacer). The data provide support for the proposal that C. minutus represents a complex of at least two species. In order to study the population genetic structure of C. minutus, a PCR-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism technique was also established. (C) 1999 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasser, RB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00203-3 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 179HR UT WOS:000079321200007 PM 10221629 ER PT J AU Strawford, A Barbieri, T Neese, R Van Loan, M Christiansen, M Hoh, R Sathyan, G Skowronski, R King, J Hellerstein, M AF Strawford, A Barbieri, T Neese, R Van Loan, M Christiansen, M Hoh, R Sathyan, G Skowronski, R King, J Hellerstein, M TI Effects of nandrolone decanoate therapy in borderline hypogonadal men with HIV-associated weight loss SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nutrition and HIV Infection CY 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE DE AIDS wasting syndrome; androgens; de novo lipogenesis; anabolic therapies; hypothalamic hypogonadism; lean body mass; testosterone ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DENOVO HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MEGESTROL-ACETATE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MUSCLE SIZE; TESTOSTERONE; INFECTION; MASS AB Serum testosterone concentrations are frequently in the low-normal range (lowest quartile, <500 ng/dl) in men with AIDS-wasting syndrome (AWS) and in other chronic wasting disorders. The response of patients in this group to androgen treatment has not been determined, however. Eighteen men with AWS (mean +/- standard error [SE]: 87% +/- 1% usual body weight; CD4 count 90 +/- 24) and borderline low serum testosterone concentrations (382 +/- 33 ng/dl) completed a 21-day placebo-controlled inpatient metabolic ward study comparing intramuscular (IM) placebo (n = 7) with low-dose (65 mg/week; n = 4) and high-dose (200 mg/week; n = 7) nandrolone decanoate, a testosterone analogue. Nitrogen balance, stable isotope-mass spectrometric measurement of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), resting energy expenditure, and gonadal hormone levels were measured. Both low-dose and high-dose nandrolone resulted in significant nitrogen retention (33-52 g nitrogen/14 days, representing gains of 0.5 to 0.9 kg lean tissue/week) compared with placebo (loss of 11 g nitrogen/week). This was reflected biochemically in a borderline significant reduction of high DNL (p < .06). Serum testosterone and gonadotropins were suppressed whereas resting energy expenditure was unchanged by nandrolone treatment. In 10 study subjects completing n-label follow-up phase, body weight increased by 4.9 +/- 1.2 kg, including 3.1 +/- 0.5 kg lean body mass, and treadmill exercise performance also improved. In summary, nandrolone decanoate therapy in the absence of an exercise program in borderline hypogonadal men with AWS caused substantial nitrogen retention compared with placebo, similar in extent to the nitrogen retention previously achieved with recombinant growth hormone. It is reasonable to expand the criteria for androgen treatment in AWS to include at least patients in the lowest quartile of serum testosterone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Human Nutr Unit, London WC1, England. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Med Serv, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Hellerstein, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, 309 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 163ET UT WOS:000078390800005 PM 10048900 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Dvorak, TJ AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Dvorak, TJ TI Fumonisin content in masa and tortillas from Mexico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B(1); maize; Mexico; nixtamalization ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; CORN; B-1; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; MYCOTOXINS; HYDROLYSIS; TOXICITY; EPIDEMIC AB Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum, are found in maize worldwide and have been associated with animal diseases. There is concern that high dietary intake of a maize-based diet may expose people in Mexico and Central America to fumonisins. Nixtamalized maize products from Mexico and the United States were examined to evaluate methods for quantitation of the different forms of fumonisins. The chelating reagent EDTA (exceeding the calcium concentration by a factor of 1.36) was added to enhance extraction of fumonisins because calcium remained in the samples as a result of processing. It; was expected that the majority of the fumonisin detected would be in the hydrolyzed form, yet the highest level of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) detected was 0.1 ppm. The amount of fumonisin B1 was significantly higher in Mexican samples (mean = 0.79 ppm) than in samples purchased in the United States (mean = 0.16 ppm). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dombrink@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1021/jf9807162 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 168NE UT WOS:000078698500043 PM 10563942 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Grabber, J Ralph, J Brei, K AF Hatfield, RD Grabber, J Ralph, J Brei, K TI Using the acetyl bromide assay to determine lignin concentrations in herbaceous plants: Some cautionary notes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetyl bromide Lignin assay; lignin; cell wall; xylans; alfalfa; corn ID DIGESTIBILITY; FIBER AB The acetyl bromide assay was developed to provide a rapid and sensitive method for quantifying lignin in woody plant species. The original procedure cautioned against prolonged reaction times and advised keeping the reaction temperature at 70 degrees C to prevent excessive carbohydrate degradation that would skew the absorption spectra. Characterization of the reaction conditions revealed that the acetyl bromide reagent readily degrades xylans, a prominent polysaccharide group within all lignified plants. This degradation results in increased absorbance in the 270-280 nm region that is used to quantify lignin. The degradation of xylans is temperature dependent and is exacerbated by the addition of perchloric acid. Lowering the reaction temperature to 50 degrees C and increasing the reaction time from 2 to 4 h allows complete lignin solubilization but minimizes degradation of the xylans. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rdhatfie@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 17 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 628 EP 632 DI 10.1021/jf9808776 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 168NE UT WOS:000078698500044 PM 10563943 ER PT J AU Celis, R Koskinen, WC AF Celis, R Koskinen, WC TI Sorption and desorption of triadimefon by soils and model soil colloids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE triadimefon; sorption; desorption; soil constituents ID ADSORPTION; ATRAZINE; MONTMORILLONITE; FUNGICIDES; SMECTITES; TURFGRASS; CHEMICALS; CLAY; ACID AB Sorption-desorption of the azole fungicide triadimefon [1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone] on eight soils and a series of single, binary, and ternary model soil colloids was determined using the batch equilibration technique. Regression analysis between Freundlich sorption coefficients (K-f) and soil properties suggested that both clay and organic C (OC) were important in triadimefon sorption by soils, with increasing importance of clay for soils with high clay and relatively low OC contents. Triadimefon sorption coefficients on soil were not significantly affected by the concentration of electrolyte or the presence of soluble soil material in solution, but they were highly dependent on the soil:solution ratio due to the nonlinearity of triadimefon sorption on soil. Freundlich sorption isotherms slopes were very similar for all soils (0.75 +/- 0.02). Desorption did not greatly depend on the concentration at which it was determined and showed higher hysteresis for more sorptive soils. Results of triadimefon sorption on model sorbents supported that both humic acid and montmorillonite-type clay constituents contribute to triadimefon retention by soil colloids. C1 ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 776 EP 781 DI 10.1021/jf980618g PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 168NE UT WOS:000078698500069 PM 10563968 ER PT J AU Celis, R Koskinen, WC AF Celis, R Koskinen, WC TI An isotopic exchange method for the characterization of the irreversibility of pesticide sorption-desorption in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE desorption; hysteresis; isotopic exchange; pesticides; sorption ID ADSORPTION-DESORPTION; ATRAZINE DESORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; KINETICS; ALACHLOR; 2,4,5-T AB An isotopic exchange method is presented that characterizes the irreversibility of pesticide sorption-desorption by soil observed in batch equilibration experiments. The isotopic exchange of C-12- and C-14-labeled triadimefon [(1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone] and imidacloprid-guanidine [1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine] in Hanford sandy loam soil indicated that these systems can be described by a two-compartment model in which about 90% of sorption occurs on reversible, easily desorbable sites, whereas 10% of the sorbed molecules are irreversibly sorbed on soil and do not participate in the sorption-desorption equilibrium. This model closely predicted the hysteresis observed in the desorption isotherms from batch equilibration experiments. The isotopic exchange of triadimefon and imidacloprid-guanidine in Drummer silty clay loam soil indicated that there was a fraction of the sorbed C-14-labeled pesticide that was resistant to desorption, which increased as pesticide concentration decreased and was higher for triadimefon than for imidacloprid-guanidine. In contrast, the batch equilibration method resulted in ill-defined desorption isotherms for the Drummer soil, which made accurate desorption characterization problematic. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@soils.umn.edu RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012 OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 782 EP 790 DI 10.1021/jf980763u PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 168NE UT WOS:000078698500070 PM 10563969 ER PT J AU Osman, SF Irwin, P Fett, WF O'Connor, JV Parris, N AF Osman, SF Irwin, P Fett, WF O'Connor, JV Parris, N TI Preparation, isolation, and characterization of cutin monomers and oligomers from tomato peels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cutin; dihydroxyhexadecanoate; oligomers; methanolysis; tomato AB Cutin:in tomato peels was depolymerized in methanolic base to yield cutin monomers or a mixture of cutin oligomers. These products were isolated by typical solvent extraction methods or by precipitation, and the isolates were characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. It was determined that the compositions of the isolates from both isolation procedures were similar, although solvent extraction gave higher yields. However, the precipitation method, which is easy to carry out and avoids the use of undesirable organic solvents, may be preferable in commercial processes for recovering these compounds. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 799 EP 802 DI 10.1021/jf980693r PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 168NE UT WOS:000078698500072 PM 10563971 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM AF Harnly, JM TI The future of atomic absorption spectrometry: a continuum source with a charge coupled array detector SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium (BNASS) CY JUL 08-10, 1998 CL BATH, ENGLAND ID LINEAR PHOTODIODE-ARRAY; ICP-OES; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIZATION; SIGNALS; DESIGN AB Continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (CS-AAS) has made impressive progress in the last 5 years thanks to the availability of high resolution echelle spectrometers and solid state array detectors. With these new spectrometers and detectors, the capabilities of CS-AAS exceed those of conventional, line source-AAS (LS-AAS). For CS-AAS, absorbances are more accurate (corrected for stray radiation and non-specific broadband background absorption and integrated with respect to height in the furnace), detection limits average a factor of 2 lower, calibration ranges are a factor of 1000 greater, multi-wavelength data are available for correction of spectral interferences, sensitivity is a powerful quality assurance measure since it is independent of all instrument parameters except atomization temperature and, of course, multi-element detection is possible. The future appears bright for CS-AAS. Whereas, previously, CS-AAS was striving for parity with LS-AAS, it is now reasonable to state that it is CS-AAS which is setting the standard. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1039/a807586g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 168MD UT WOS:000078695900007 ER PT J AU Martin, GS Carstens, GE King, MD Eli, AG Mersmann, HJ Smith, SB AF Martin, GS Carstens, GE King, MD Eli, AG Mersmann, HJ Smith, SB TI Metabolism and morphology of brown adipose tissue from Brahman and Angus newborn calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovidae; adipose tissue; morphology; lipogenesis; beta-adrenergic receptors ID PROTEIN MESSENGER-RNA; FATTY-ACIDS; UNCOUPLING PROTEIN; BOS-TAURUS; BOVINE; WHITE; THERMOGENESIS; RESPONSES; RECEPTORS; BIRTH AB The objective of this study was to compare adipocyte morphology and lipogenesis between breed types (Angus vs Brahman) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) from newborn calves, The Brahman calves (n = 7) were born during the fall season, whereas the Angus calves were born in fall (n = 6) or the following spring (n = 4). At parturition, Brahman cows were lighter than fall Angus cows, but were heavier than spring Angus cows (P < .05). Birth weights and perirenal BAT weights were greater in spring-born, but not in fall-born Angus calves, than in Brahman calves (P < .05). Pall-born Angus BAT contained 63% more (P < .05) adipocytes/100 mg tissue and contained a greater proportion(P < .05) of adipocytes with mean diameters of 40 to 50 mu m, and fewer adipocytes with diameters of 60 mu m or greater, than Brahman BAT. Brahman BAT contained two-to-three times as many beta-receptors as Angus BAT (P < .05), although the dissociation constant (K-d) was not different between breed types. Mitochondria in Brahman BAT were primarily spherical, whereas Angus BAT mitochondria were elongated, and mitochondrial cross-sectional area tended (P = .08) to be greater in Brahman BAT than in Angus BAT. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA concentration (per 10(6) cells) was greater in Brahman BAT than in BAT from fall-born Angus calves. Lipogenesis from acetate was greater in Angus BAT than in Brahman BAT (P < .05), and glucose and palmitate contributed a greater proportion of carbon to lipogenesis in Brahman BAT than in Angus BAT. These differences in lipogenesis between breed types were not observed in s.c. WAT. The WAT from both breed types contained adipocytes with distinct brown adipocyte morphology, suggesting an involution of BAT to WAT in utero. We conclude that differences in UCP gene expression cannot cause the greater peak thermogenesis of Angus calves; however, differences between breed types in lipid metabolism and(or) mitochondrial morphology may contribute to this phenomenon. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 388 EP 399 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XH UT WOS:000084444600015 PM 10100668 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Tenderness classification of beef: III. Effect of the interaction between end point temperature and tenderness on Warner-Bratzler shear force of beef longissimus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; classification; cooking; quality; tenderness ID PRODUCER-RELATED DEFECTS; QUANTITY ATTRIBUTES; CARCASS QUALITY; STEAKS; DONENESS; PALATABILITY; AUDIT AB The objectives of this experiment were to determine 1) whether end point temperature interacts with tenderness to affect Warner-Bratzler sheer force of beef longissimus and 2) if so, what impact that interaction would have on tenderness classification. Warner-Bratzler shear force was determined on longissimus thoracis cooked to either 60, 70, or 80 degrees C after 3 and 14 d of aging fi om carcasses of 100 steers and heifers. Warner-Bratzler shear force values (3- and 14-d aged steaks pooled) for steaks cooked to 70 degrees C were used to create five tenderness classes. The interaction of tenderness class and end point temperature was significant (P < .05). The increase in Warner-Bratzler shear force as end point temperature increased was greater (P < .05) for less-tender longissimus than more-tender longissimus (Tenderness Class 5 = 5.1, 7.2, and 8.5 kg and Tenderness Class 1 = 2.4, 3.1, and 3.7 kg, respectively, for 60, 70, and 80 degrees C). The slopes of the regressions of Warner-Bratzler shear force of longissimus cooked to 60 or 80 degrees C against Warner-Brattier shear force of longissimus cooked to 70 degrees C were different (P < .05), providing additional evidence for this interaction, Correlations of Warner-Bratlzer shear force of longissimus cooked to 60 or 80 degrees C with Warner-Brattier shear force of longissimus cooked to 70 degrees C were .90 and .86, respectively. One effect of the interaction of tenderness with end point temperature on tenderness classification was to increase (P < .01) the advantage in shear force of a "Tender" class of beef over "Commodity" beef as end point temperature increased (.24 vs .42 vs .60 kg at 14 d for 60, 70, and 80 degrees C, respectively). When aged 14 d and cooked to 80 degrees C, "Commodity" steaks were six times more likely (P < .01) than "Tender" steaks to have shear force values 2 5 kg (24 vs 4%). The end point temperature used to conduct tenderness classification did not affect classification accuracy, as long as the criterion for "Tender" was adjusted accordingly. However, cooking steaks to a greater end point temperature than was used for classification may reduce classification accuracy. The beef industry could alleviate the detrimental effects on palatability of consumers cooking beef to elevated degrees of doneness by identifying and marketing "Tender" longissimus. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 400 EP 407 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XH UT WOS:000084444600016 PM 10100669 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Troyer, D AF Wang, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Troyer, D TI Rapid communication: Identification of four highly polymorphic porcine microsatellite loci SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; markers ID GENOME; MAP C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 496 EP 496 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XH UT WOS:000084444600030 PM 10100683 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA AF Rohrer, GA TI Rapid communication: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) maps to Xq1.2 in the porcine genome SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; maps; X chromosome ID SWINE; LOCI C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 497 EP 498 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XH UT WOS:000084444600031 PM 10100684 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA AF Rohrer, GA TI Rapid communication: Androgen receptor (AR) maps to Xq1.1-q1.1 in the porcine genome SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; maps; X chromosome ID SWINE; LOCI C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 77 IS 2 BP 499 EP 500 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 268XH UT WOS:000084444600032 PM 10100685 ER PT J AU Hargis, CD Bissonette, JA Turner, DL AF Hargis, CD Bissonette, JA Turner, DL TI The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American martens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edge density; habitat fragmentation; Martes americana; proximity index; timber harvests ID LOGGED BOREAL FORESTS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SQUIRREL; ECOLOGY; ONTARIO; OREGON; UNCUT AB 1. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on American martens (Martes americana Rhoads) by evaluating differences in marten capture rates (excluding recaptures) in 18 study sites with different levels of fragmentation resulting from timber harvest clearcuts and natural openings. We focused on low levels of fragmentation, where forest connectivity was maintained and non-forest cover ranged from 2% to 42%. 2. Martens appeared to respond negatively to low levels of habitat fragmentation, based on the significant decrease in capture rates within the series of increasingly fragmented landscapes. Martens were nearly absent from landscapes having >25% non-forest cover, even though forest connectivity was still present. 3. Marten capture rates were negatively correlated with increasing proximity of open areas and increasing extent of high-contrast edges. Forested landscapes appeared unsuitable for martens when the average nearest-neighbour distance between open (non-forested) patches was <100 m. In these landscapes, the proximity of open areas created strips of forest edge and eliminated nearly all forest interior. 4. Small mammal densities were significantly higher in clearcuts than in forests, but marten captures were not correlated with prey abundance or biomass associated with clearcuts. 5. Conservation efforts for the marten must consider not only the structural aspects of mature forests, but the landscape pattern in which the forest occurs. We recommend that the combination of timber harvests and natural openings comprise <25% of landscapes greater than or equal to 9 km(2) in size. 6. The spatial pattern of open areas is important as well, because small, dispersed openings result in less forest interior habitat than one large opening at the same percentage of fragmentation. Progressive cutting from a single patch would retain the largest amount of interior forest habitat. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS,BRD, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Hargis, CD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, SW Forest Sci Complex,2500 S Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 75 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00377.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194CD UT WOS:000080173800015 ER PT J AU Feng, MG Poprawski, TJ Nowierski, RM Zeng, Z AF Feng, MG Poprawski, TJ Nowierski, RM Zeng, Z TI Infectivity of Pandora neoaphidis (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) to Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hom., Aphididae) in response to varying temperature and photoperiod regimes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOSE-MORTALITY; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; ERYNIA-NEOAPHIDIS; HOMOPTERA; FUNGI AB The infectivity of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum by the aphid-specific entomophthoralean Fungus, Pandora neoaphidis, was studied in environmental chambers using computer simulated late-season temperature and photoperiod patterns and an excised fava bean leaf system. A complementary log-log (CLL) time-dose-mortality model was used to model time-dose trends in infectivity of A. pisum by P. neoaphidis as a function of time and dose, and calculate the LC50. The likelihood ratio test based on the CLL model was used to test for differences in levels of aphid infectivity by P. neoaphidis over different photoperiod regimes. Differences in the LC50 values from CLL modelling over different time periods were found among the two regimes of 11- and 16-h photophases at a constant temperature of 20 degrees C, and two regimes at daily fluctuating temperatures from 5.4 to 18.9 degrees C (with half-hourly changes of 0.56 degrees C the mean temperature was 12.12 degrees C). The LC50 for the same time period was lower under the higher temperature conditions than under lower fluctuating temperature conditions. The likelihood test ratio statistics showed no significant difference in the slope parameter for three out of four treatments (two from the constant temperature of 20 degrees C, and one from 5.4 to 18.9 degrees C, irrespective of photophase conditions). This suggests that different temperatures and photophases may change the temporal characteristics of P. neoaphidis, and result in higher or lower infectivity to the pea aphid at certain dosage levels. However, changes in the photoperiod appear to be less important for the infectivity of P. neoaphidis to pea aphid than changes in temperature. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Zhejiang Agr Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Poprawski, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 123 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0418.1999.00305.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 170WA UT WOS:000078829000005 ER EF