FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Turner, KE Foster, JG AF Turner, KE Foster, JG BE Phillips, M TI Nutritive value of some common browse species SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf AB Appalachian hill lands suitable for farming are often dominated by weeds and woody species that are not usually grazed by cattle and sheep. Goats can utilize weeds and browse. In a preliminary study, multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.; MFR), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.; AO), and Morrow's honeysuckle (Lonicera morowii Gray; HS) were sampled to determine important nutritive value parameters. When averaged over the 1999 growing season, AO had higher (P < .05) crude protein (CP), total S and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but lower in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) compared to MFR and HS. Date was significant (P < .001) for all parameters evaluated except CP. Autumn olive maintained higher CP concentrations throughout the season compared to MFR and HS, but CP declined throughout the growing season for all three plants. Date x Plant interaction was significant (P < .001) for NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), total S and N:S ratio and significant (P = .05) for IVOMD. Nutritive value information of browse plants is needed to help refine feeding and supplementation strategies for meat goats being used in pasture managements to control weeds and woody plants. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800109 ER PT S AU Pederson, GA Brink, GE AF Pederson, GA Brink, GE BE Phillips, M TI Maximizing nutrient uptake by forages SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf AB Animal wastes, such as poultry litter and swine effluent, are often applied to pastures and hay fields in the southeastern U.S. Our research aims to maximize uptake of nutrients in forages grown for hay to facilitate removal of excess nutrients from these fields. Selection of proper forage species is important in maximizing nutrient removal since forages differ in concentration and uptake of major nutrients (N, P, K) and metals (Cu, Zn). Different management practices are required to maximize nutrient uptake depending on where within the plant the nutrients of main interest are located. For example, a majority of P in forages is located in stems and runners. For maximum P removal in upright forages such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), management practices should maximize stem production, while in species with prostrate runners such as bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers], runner formation should be minimized since prostrate runners will not be harvested for hay. Cultivars can differ in nutrient uptake and removal, though the differences we've observed so far have not been great. Nutrient concentration in forages decreases with maturity, but nutrient uptake increases to full maturity. Forages should be harvested at full maturity to maximize dry matter production and nutrient uptake. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Mgmt & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pederson, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Mgmt & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800113 ER PT S AU Vandemark, GJ Kraft, JM Larsen, RC Gritsenko, MA Boge, WL AF Vandemark, GJ Kraft, JM Larsen, RC Gritsenko, MA Boge, WL BE Phillips, M TI A PCR-based assay for the identification and detection of Aphanomyces euteiches SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800121 ER PT S AU Samac, DA Fedorova, M Gantt, JS Vance, CP AF Samac, DA Fedorova, M Gantt, JS Vance, CP BE Phillips, M TI Functional analysis of Medicago truncatula expressed sequence tags associated with plant-microbe interactions. SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 284 EP 284 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800123 ER PT S AU Bauchan, GR Hossain, MA AF Bauchan, GR Hossain, MA BE Phillips, M TI Cytogenetic studies of the non-dormant alfalfa germplasm sources SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Bauchan, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800126 ER PT S AU Skinner, DZ AF Skinner, DZ BE Phillips, M TI Performance and genetic stability of alfalfa clones grown for 500 plant-years SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800128 ER PT S AU Lamb, JFS Russelle, MP AF Lamb, JFS Russelle, MP BE Phillips, M TI Enhancement of root elongation rate in alfalfa. SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 291 EP 291 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800130 ER PT S AU Greene, SL Bauchan, GR AF Greene, SL Bauchan, GR BE Phillips, M TI Status of the US medicago germplasm collection. SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf ID CORE COLLECTION C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Greene, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800131 ER PT S AU Campbell, TA van Berkum, P AF Campbell, TA van Berkum, P BE Phillips, M TI Molecular analyses of Medicago ruthenica and M-edgeworthii germplasm and associated rhizobia tracing to the PRC SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf ID ALFALFA C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800147 ER PT S AU Larsen, RC Vandemark, GJ Gritsenko, MA Hollingsworth, CR Gray, FA AF Larsen, RC Vandemark, GJ Gritsenko, MA Hollingsworth, CR Gray, FA BE Phillips, M TI Use of PCR-based markers for the identification of Phoma sclerotiodes causing brown root rot disease of alfalfa. SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Larsen, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 309 EP 309 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800148 ER PT S AU Martin, NP AF Martin, NP BE Phillips, M TI Opportunities for biotech traits in alfalfa down on the farm SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 9, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Forage & Grassland Council, Wisconsin Forage & Grassland Council, N Amer Alfalfa Improvement Conf AB Alfalfa is the third major crop behind corn and soybeans in commodity value in the U. S.; its use supports the dairy, beef, and sheep production industries. Expansion of cattle and sheep numbers does not appear eminent. Biotech traits are being developed for alfalfa which show potential for increased yield, improved nutritional value, increased alfalfa uses, increased area of adaptation of alfalfa, reduced potential nutrient contaminates in livestock manure, and produce new products. Traits of value down on the farm are traits, which increase yield, increase fiber digestibility, improve protein utilization in silo fermentation and ruminant animal digestion, reduce environmental contaminants, and produce new products with added value. New products will not benefit farmers unless assistance is provided to develop new processing facilities and to commit product marketing and development research. Research and development in public and private sectors in combination with alfalfa organizations must provide unified support for alfalfa improvements to reach the farm. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Martin, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2000 VL 9 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BW80W UT WOS:000183251800192 ER PT J AU Kuchler, F Ralston, K Tomerlin, JR AF Kuchler, F Ralston, K Tomerlin, JR TI Do health benefits explain the price premiums for organic foods? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE benefits; costs; diet; pesticides; risks ID PRODUCE; PREFERENCES; ATTITUDES; CHOICE AB This paper examines whether the dollar value of health benefits that consumers derive from organic food could account for the price premiums they pay. Price and sales data from realized transactions are inadequate to reveal consumer preferences for health benefits. Our exploratory alternative method estimates the value of health benefits to a hypothetical consumer who assesses risks as risk assessors do and values a unit reduction in all fatal risks equally, regardless of the source of any risk. Under these assumptions, our estimates of the value of health benefits derived from substituting an organic diet for a conventionally produced diet approach zero. For a common organic product, apple juice, we estimated the cost of reducing risks by buying the organic characteristic The cost of averting each adverse health outcome is 27 to 461 times as large as the value of benefits. if the characteristics of our hypothetical consumer match those of the typical consumer, two inferences follow from our estimates of benefits and costs. First, the typical consumer is unlikely to purchase organic food for health reasons. Second, consumers who choose organic food could differ from typical consumers in several dimensions: perceptions of the level of risk from dietary intake of pesticides, perceptions of the nature of adverse health outcomes from pesticides, or in the importance attached to other attributes of organic food. Our analysis is exploratory partially because there are several behavioral assumptions implicit in the values we calculate. Also, we focus on risks that can be quantitatively estimated, measuring the probability of an adverse health outcome with readily accessible data. Currently, only cancer risks can be measured in terms of probabilities from readily accessible data. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kuchler, F (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU HENRY A WALLACE CENTER AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRON POLICY PI ARLINGTON PA 1621 NORTH KENT ST, STE 1200, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2134 USA SN 0889-1893 J9 AM J ALTERNATIVE AGR JI Am. J. Altern. Agric. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358HN UT WOS:000089552700004 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Roughead, ZK AF Hunt, JR Roughead, ZK TI Adaptation of iron absorption in men consuming diets with high or low iron bioavailability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal adaptation; nonheme-iron absorption; heme-iron absorption; dietary bioavailability; iron requirements; serum ferritin; fecal ferritin; ascorbic acid; meat; phytic acid; tea; men ID ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; SERUM FERRITIN; WHOLE DIET; HEME IRON; STORES; BALANCE; POPULATION; WOMEN; MEAT AB Background: Short-term measurements of iron absorption are substantially influenced by dietary bioavailability of iron, yet bioavailability negligibly affects serum ferritin in longer, controlled trials. Objective: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that in men fed diets with high or low iron bioavailability, iron absorption adapts to homeostatically maintain body iron stores. Design: Heme- and nonheme-iron absorption from whole diets were measured in 31 healthy men at 0 and 10 wk while the men consumed weighed, 2-d repeating diets with either high or low iron bioavailability for 12 wk. The diets with high and low iron bioavailability contained, respectively, 14.4 and 15.3 mg nonheme Fe/d and 1.8 and 0.1 mg heme Fe/d and had different contents of meat, ascorbic acid, whole grains, legumes, and tea. Results: Adaptation occurred with nonheme- but not with heme-iron absorption. Total iron absorption decreased from 0.96 to 0.69 mg/d (P < 0.05) and increased from 0.12 to 0.17 mg/d (P < 0.05) after 10 wk of the high- and low-bioavailability diets, respectively. This partial adaptation reduced the difference in iron bioavailability between the diets from 8- to 4-fold. Serum ferritin was insensitive to diet but fecal ferritin was substantially lower with the low- than the high-bioavailability diet. Erythrocyte incorporation of absorbed iron was inversely associated with serum ferritin. Conclusions: Iron-replete men partially adapted to dietary iron bioavailability and iron absorption from a high-bioavailability diet was reduced to approximate to 0.7 mg Fe/d. Short-term measurements of absorption overestimate differences in iron bioavailability between diets. C1 ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 49 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 270WE UT WOS:000084559500015 PM 10617952 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Lucas, A Hirsch, J AF Roberts, SB Lucas, A Hirsch, J TI Low energy expenditure as a contributor to infant obesity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, MRC, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London, England. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 270WE UT WOS:000084559500025 PM 10617962 ER PT J AU Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC Spayd, SE AF Tarara, JM Ferguson, JC Spayd, SE TI A chamber-free method of heating and cooling grape clusters in the vineyard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE microclimate; canopy management; light; solar radiation; fruit temperature; berry temperature ID CABERNET SAUVIGNON BERRIES; SUN EXPOSURE AB A device was constructed to heat and cool grape clusters (Vitis vinifera L.) in the vineyard as part of a larger study on sunscald and color development in wine grapes (cv. Merlot). Selected sunlit clusters were cooled to the temperature of shaded clusters; likewise, several shaded clusters were heated to the temperature of sunlit clusters. Cooling was achieved by forced convection via a 1525-W, commercially available air conditioner. Hot air was generated using 1.4-Ohm (100-W) resistance elements. Heated or cooled air was blown across fruit clusters at about 1.9 m.s(1) producing up to a 10 degrees C change in cluster temperature. Cluster temperatures were interrogated every five seconds to activate or deactivate heaters and/or cooling fans as needed. The temperatures of sunlit and shaded clusters were used as set-points for the heated and chilled clusters, respectively. The cooling system kept clusters within 2 degrees C of their desired target temperatures 99% of the time. Heaters achieved the same performance 97% of the time. The maximum observed increase of berry temperature above ambient air temperature (2 m above canopy) was 15.9 degrees C for the sun-exposed side of a west-facing cluster. The control system operated continuously for 60 days between bunch closure and harvest. This heating and cooling technique can provide in-situ replicated measurements of berry and cluster temperatures in the field for physiological studies of ripening and ripening disorders without changing other aspects of the cluster microclimate, an unavoidable consequence of chambers or enclosures. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Tarara, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2000 VL 51 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 346NJ UT WOS:000088877700014 ER PT J AU Haymond, MW Sunehag, AL AF Haymond, MW Sunehag, AL TI The reciprocal pool model for the measurement of gluconeogenesis by use of [U-C-13]glucose SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE glucose metabolism; mass isotopomer distribution analysis; stable isotopes ID ISOTOPOMER DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FASTED STATE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; ALANINE; METABOLISM; GLUTAMINE; LIPOLYSIS AB To improve upon the [U-C-13]glucose method to estimate "gluconeogenesis" as described by J. Katz and J. A. Tayek (Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 272: E476-E484, 1997, and 275: E537-E542, 1998), we describe the reciprocal pool model by using only the isotopomer data of plasma glucose during infusion of [U-C-13]glucose. The glucose pool serves as both precursor and product for the calculation of the fraction of molecules generated by gluconeogenesis and to correct for exchange and loss of labeled carbon at the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We have applied this model to both our own data and those of other investigators using [U-C-13]glucose and have demonstrated excellent agreement between the Katz and Tayek model and our reciprocal pool model. When we compare the results of the reciprocal pool model with those of Hellerstein ([2-C-13]glycerol) and Landau (2H(2)O-glucose-C-5), the results are similar in short- and long-term fasted adult humans. Finally, when we apply the reciprocal pool model to our data from premature infants, it is clear that we account for the inflow of unlabeled glycerol and presumably amino acids. This is not surprising, because the vast majority of gluconeogenesis is the result of recycling of glucose and pyruvate carbon. C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK 55478-01] NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 278 IS 1 BP E140 EP E145 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 273ZD UT WOS:000084738500018 PM 10644548 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H Santo, GS Hamm, P Pavek, JJ Corsini, D Love, S Crosslin, JM Thomas, PE AF Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H Santo, GS Hamm, P Pavek, JJ Corsini, D Love, S Crosslin, JM Thomas, PE TI Potato germplasm resistant to corky ringspot disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stubby root nematode; Paratrichodorus tobacco rattle virus; potato Solanum Spraing Rattle ID TOBACCO RATTLE VIRUS AB Potato germplasm was assessed for resistance to corky ringspot disease (CRS) incited by transmission of tobacco rattle virus (TRV), TRV is transmitted by the stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus allius, in the Pacific Northwest, and characterized by necrotic areas in the tuber. Four tests were conducted at two different problem fields in Umatilla, OR and Pasco, WA. The fields differed in the virulence of the virus isolates. Some clones and named varieties showed resistance only in the field with the relatively mild Umatilla isolate, while others remained symptomless at both sites. The host suitability of test potatoes to three P, allius populations from the region was determined in greenhouse pot tests, and expressed as reproductive values [R-f = (final population of nematode at 55 days) / (initial population)]. The Rf values for the nematodes were not correlated with resistance ratings based on visual scoring of CRS symptoms in field grown potatoes. Thus, it appears that CRS resistance is based on reaction of potato genotypes to virus and not the vector, The availability of resistant clones in in vitro form is indicated. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 281AE UT WOS:000085135300003 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Kleinkopf, G Bothast, RJ Ostrowski, RC AF Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Kleinkopf, G Bothast, RJ Ostrowski, RC TI Biological control of fusarium dry rot of potato tubers under commercial storage conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gibberella pulicaris; Fusarium sambucinum; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Enterobacter cloacae; thiabendazole; biocontrol; silwet ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BIOCONTROL AGENT; SAMBUCINUM; THIABENDAZOLE; STRAINS; RESISTANCE; METABOLITES; FUNGICIDES AB Lack of effective chemicals impedes control of Fusarium dry rot of stored potato tubers destined for processed and table stock use, Biological control of dry rot incited by Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph=Fusarium sambucinum) has been demonstrated in laboratory studies but not in commercial storage environments. Several Gram-negative bacterial strains that were efficacious and amenable to production in liquid culture in laboratory studies were selected for pilot studies in Idaho and for bin trials at commercial storage houses in Idaho and North Dakota. In the first year of pilot studies, Pseudomonas fluorescens S22:T:04 (approximate to 1 x 10(8) cfu/ml) decreased dry rot caused by G. pulicaris by 19% when coinoculated with the pathogen compared to controls and to the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) applied at label rates, In second year pilot studies, P, fluorescens P22:Y:05 and Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07 (approximate to 4 x 10(8) cfu/ml) reduced the severity of disease incited by G. pulicaris (25% and 17% average disease decrease, respectively) when antagonists were applied after pathogen inoculum, Treatment effects on dry rot that developed from inoculation with Nectria haematococca (anamorph=Fusarium solani var, coeruleum) were variable and influenced by interactions between antagonists, a wetting agent, and TBZ. In commercial storage bin trials, E. cloacae S11:T:07 reduced naturally occurring levels of dry rot by an average of 21% compared to 14%;, for TBZ, demonstrating that this antagonist was effective when produced using a liquid culture medium and methodology that approximates commercial practices for producing biomass. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. United Agr Prod, Greeley, CO 80632 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 281AE UT WOS:000085135300004 ER PT J AU Sowokinos, JR Shock, CC Stieber, TD Eldredge, EP AF Sowokinos, JR Shock, CC Stieber, TD Eldredge, EP TI Compositional and enzymatic changes associated with the sugar-end defect in Russet Burbank potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potato; moisture-deficit; sugar-ends; fry color; sugars; starch; enzymes; phosphate ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; WATER-STRESS; REDUCING SUGAR; TEMPERATURE; QUALITY; QUANTITATION; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH AB This study was initiated to determine the starch-sugar composition and the activities of relevant enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in Russet Burbank (cv,) potatoes exhibiting the sugar-end defect. The frequency of sugar-end tubers was increased by applying a single, transient, moisture-deficit stress period following tuberization, The following properties were unique to sugar-end tubers compared to normal tuber tissue, (1) Starch and total solids decreased markedly while glucose content increased 15-fold, (2) The concentration of Suc was markedly lower, (3) Pi was slightly but significantly increased, (4) The activities of UGPase and Susy decreased nearly 3- and 2-fold, respectively, (5) The activity of AGPase decreased 50%, (6) The ratio of STPLase to AGPase shifted over 3-fold in favor of starch mobilization, (7) Basal AcInv activity (assayed in the presence of inhibitor) increased 7-fold during storage, (8) Tuber Glc concentration showed a better correlation to basal AcInv activity than to total AcInv activity (inhibitor destroyed), (9) Kinetic analysis suggested that the level and/or effectiveness of the AcInv inhibitor was decreased in the sugar-end tuber tissue. These results are discussed in relation to metabolic changes which occur in converting a starch storing tuber to one primarily involved with starch mobilization. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Yamhill SWCD, McMinnville, OR 97128 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. RP Sowokinos, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Potato Res Worksite, 311 5th Ave NE, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 281AE UT WOS:000085135300006 ER PT J AU Focks, DA Brenner, RJ Hayes, J Daniels, E AF Focks, DA Brenner, RJ Hayes, J Daniels, E TI Transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of Aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LIFE TABLE MODEL; DIPTERA; SIMULATION; VALIDATION; CULICIDAE; FEVER AB The expense and ineffectiveness of drift-based insecticide aerosols to control dengue epidemics has led to suppression strategies based on eliminating larval breeding sites. With the notable but short-lived exceptions of Cuba and Singapore, these source reduction efforts have met with little documented success; failure has chiefly been attributed to inadequate participation of the communities involved. The present work attempts to estimate transmission thresholds for dengue based on an easily-derived statistic, the standing crop of Aedes aegypti pupae per person in the environment. We have developed these thresholds for use in the assessment of risk of transmission and to provide targets for the actual degree of suppression required to prevent or eliminate transmission in source reduction programs. The notion of thresholds is based on 2 concepts: the mass action principal-the course of an epidemic is dependent on the rate of contact between susceptible hosts and infectious vectors, and threshold theory-the introduction of a few infectious individuals into a community of susceptible individuals will not give rise to an outbreak unless the density of vectors exceeds a certain critical level. We use validated transmission models to estimate thresholds as a function of levels of pre-existing antibody levels in human populations, ambient air temperatures, and size and frequency of viral introduction. Threshold levels were estimated to range between about 0.5 and 1.5 Ae. aegypti pupae per person for ambient air temperatures of 28 degrees C and initial seroprevalences ranging between 0% to 67%. Surprisingly, the size of the viral introduction used in these studies, ranging between 1 and 12 infectious individuals per year, was not seen to significantly influence the magnitude of the threshold. From a control perspective, these results are not particularly encouraging. The ratio of Ae. aegypti pupae to human density has been observed in limited field studies to range between 0.3 and >60 in 25 sites in dengue-endemic or dengue-susceptible areas in the Caribbean, Central America, and Southeast Asia. If, for purposes of illustration, we assume an initial seroprevalence of 33%, the degree of suppression required to essentially eliminate the possibility of summertime transmission in Puerto Rico, Honduras, and Bangkok, Thailand was estimated to range between 10% and 83%; however in Mexico and Trinidad, reductions of >90% would be required. A clearer picture of the actual magnitude of the reductions required to eliminate the threat of transmission is provided by the ratio of the observed standing crop of Ae. aegypti pupae per person and the threshold. For example, in a site in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, the ratio of observed and threshold was 1.7, meaning roughly that about 7 of every 17 breeding containers would have to be eliminated. For Reynosa, Mexico, with a ratio of approximately 10, 9 of every 10 containers would have to be eliminated. For sites in Trinidad with ratios averaging approximately 25, the elimination of 24 of every 25 would be required. With the exceptions of Cuba and Singapore, no published reports of sustained source reduction efforts have achieved anything near these levels of reductions in breeding containers. Practical advice on the use of thresholds is provided for operational control projects. C1 USDA, Imported Fire Ants & Household Insects Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Focks, DA (reprint author), USDA, Imported Fire Ants & Household Insects Res Unit, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 15 TC 201 Z9 210 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 298NF UT WOS:000086145500006 PM 10761719 ER PT J AU Preisler, MT Weber, PSD Templeman, RJ Erskine, RJ Hunt, H Burton, JL AF Preisler, MT Weber, PSD Templeman, RJ Erskine, RJ Hunt, H Burton, JL TI Glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation in neutrophils of periparturient cows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADHESION MOLECULES; DEXAMETHASONE; PERIOD; MILK; BLOOD; POPULATIONS; ASSOCIATION; PARTURITION; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS AB Objective-To determine effects of parturition on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in neutrophils, serum cortisol concentration, and total blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts in periparturient dairy cows. Animals-23 Holstein cows. Procedure-Blood samples were collected from 8 multiparous and 5 primiparous periparturient cows at various times from 28 days before parturition until 14 days after parturition. Glucocorticoid receptor expression in neutrophils, serum cortisol concentration, and total blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts were determined. Results were compared with results from control samples obtained from 5 multiparous and 5 primiparous Holstein cows in midpregnancy. Results-Neutrophils from periparturient cows had 49% reduction in GR expression at calving, compared with GR expression 2 to 4 weeks before carving, and 39% reduction, compared with neutrophils from cows in midpregnancy. Reduction in neutrophil GR expression began 1 week before carving and was most severe at calving and 24 hours after calving; a significant difference in GR expression was detected between primiparous and multiparous cows. Serum cortisol concentrations and total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly increased at calving and returned to baseline values by 24 hours after calving. Significant negative correlations were detected between neutrophil GR expression and serum cortisol concentration, total leukocyte count, and neutrophil count. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Reduced GR expression in blood neutrophils of periparturient dairy cows was associated with increased serum cortisol concentrations, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. Thus, GR down-regulation in neutrophils may be involved in periparturient neutrophil dysregulation and may cause increased susceptibility to mastitis. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Preisler, MT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Physiol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.14 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 270WD UT WOS:000084559400003 PM 10630771 ER PT J AU Milian-Suazo, F Salman, MD Ramirez, C Payeur, JB Rhyan, JC Santillan, M AF Milian-Suazo, F Salman, MD Ramirez, C Payeur, JB Rhyan, JC Santillan, M TI Identification of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTION AB Objectives-To determine epidemiologic factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) in dairy cattle slaughtered in 6 important regions for milk production in Mexico. Animals-2,500 cattle. Procedure-Tissue specimens with lesions typical of TB were obtained during routine inspection of carcasses at abbatoirs between July 1996 and January 1997. infection with Mycobacterium organisms was confirmed by histologic examination and bacteriologic culture. Species identification was made by use of selective growth medium, conventional biochemical tests, and radiometric procedures. Epidemiologic information for affected cattle was obtained by personal interviews with cattle dealers and owners. Results-400 (16%) of 2,500 cattle carcasses had gross lesions typical of TB. Of the 400 infected cattle, 336 (84%) had lesions in greater than or equal to 1 lymph node. Infection was confirmed in 87% of cattle with gross lesions by histologic examination, in 77% by bacteriologic culture at a laboratory in the United States, and in 59% by bacteriologic culture at a laboratory in Mexico. Most cattle were adult females in fair to good body condition that came from large herds (> 500 cattle) and were not included in the Mexican TB control program. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Mean prevalence of lesions typical of TB in dairy cattle at 6 locations in Mexico was 16%. Mycobacterium infection was confirmed by various techniques in most lesions. Recognition of typical gross lesions at slaughter may expedite TB control procedures. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. UAQ, Fac Ciencias Nat, Queretaro, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID Microbiol, Palo Alto 05110, DF, Mexico. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.86 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 270WD UT WOS:000084559400017 PM 10630785 ER PT J AU Milian-Suazo, F Salman, MD Black, WC Triantis, JM Ramirez, C Payeur, JB Torres, MC AF Milian-Suazo, F Salman, MD Black, WC Triantis, JM Ramirez, C Payeur, JB Torres, MC TI Molecular epidemioloic analysis of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POLYMORPHIC DNA; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; RANDOM AMPLIFICATION; STRAINS; MARKERS; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; MEMBERS AB Objective-To assess phylogenetic relationships among Mycobacterium bovis isolates by use of random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) fingerprinting and to relate genetic profiles of isolates to epidemiologic characteristics. Animals-400 cattle with tuberculosis. Procedure-Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from various organs of cattle slaughtered in 6 geographic regions of Mexico. Most cattle were adult Holsteins from large herds that did not participate in a tuberculosis control program. Four random primers and 2 selected primers were used in RAPD-PCR fingerprinting of 88 isolates. Pairwise genetic distance between isolates was obtained and subjected to cluster analysis with bootstrapping to test for levels of support. Results-98 different fragments were obtained; there was broad genetic diversity among isolates, and each isolate had a unique RAPD-genotype, including those originating from the same herd. Clustering by geographic location, affected organ, or severity of lesion was not detected. linkage disequilibrium analysis suggested that M bovis was highly clonal and that mutations develop at a rapid rate among isolates. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Use of RAPD-PCR could not differentiate M bovis isolates by epidemiologic characteristics or identify common sources of infection. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Autonoma Queretaro, FCM, Queretaro, Qro, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID Microbiol, Palo Alto 05110, DF, Mexico. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.90 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 270WD UT WOS:000084559400018 PM 10630786 ER PT J AU Zollner, PA Smith, WP Brennan, LA AF Zollner, PA Smith, WP Brennan, LA TI Home range use by swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) in a frequently inundated bottomland forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATORS AB Home range size of six swamp rabbits in south-central Arkansas as estimated by radio-telemetry from February 1991 through March 1992. The average home range size was significantly larger than previously reported estimates. This difference is partly attributable to the large number of observations per rabbit in our study, but may also be explained by our inclusion of numerous locations of swamp rabbits during periods of deep inundation. All of the individual rabbits tracked used different areas when the study site was flooded. These results provide the first quantitative description of the response of swamp rabbits to flooding. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zollner, PA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 143 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0064:HRUBSR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273CW UT WOS:000084690600005 ER PT S AU LeNoir, J Aston, L Data, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Sieber, J AF LeNoir, J Aston, L Data, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Sieber, J BE Keith, LH JonesLepp, TL Needham, LL TI Environmental exposures to agrochemicals in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range SO ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CANYON-NATIONAL-PARKS; USE PESTICIDES; NATIVE FROG; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIBIANS; MUSCOSA; POPULATIONS; ENDOSULFAN; DEPOSITION; TADPOLES AB The release of pesticides into the environment may impact human and environmental health. Despite the need for environmental exposure data, few studies quantify exposures in urban areas and even fewer determine exposures to wildlife in remote areas. Although it is expected that concentrations in remote regions will be low, recent studies suggest that even low concentrations may have deleterious effects on wildlife. Many pesticides are known to interfere with the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife, adversely affecting growth, development, and behavior. This chapter reviews the fate and transport of pesticides applied in the Central Valley of California and quantifies their subsequent deposition into the relatively pristine Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. C1 Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Pacific Toxicol Labs, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. USDA ARS, ECL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Geol Survey, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP LeNoir, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 199, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3650-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 747 BP 53 EP 72 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BT14D UT WOS:000172068100005 ER PT J AU Katritzky, AR Chen, K Maran, U Carlson, DA AF Katritzky, AR Chen, K Maran, U Carlson, DA TI QSPR correlation and predictions of GC retention indexes for methyl-branched hydrocarbons produced by insects SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DESCRIPTORS; MODELS; TIMES AB A successful interpretation of the complex manner by which the GC retention indexes of methylalkanes produced by insects are related to chemical structure was achieved using the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method. A general QSPR model including mainly topological descriptors was obtained for 178 data points. The error of the model is similar to the experimental error. The model was supported by (i) leave-one-out cross validation and (ii) division into three sets and prediction of each set from the other two. As a further test of the utility of the model, retention indexes were successfully predicted for an external set of 30 methyl-branched hydrocarbons not involved in the deduction of the correction equation from the main data set. General trends of the structural variation of compounds in any given range of retention index are discussed. The average error was 4.6 overall and 4.3 for the 165 compounds remaining after leaving out small monomethyl alkanes. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Tartu State Univ, Dept Chem, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Katritzky, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Heterocycl Cpds, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Maran, Uko/I-6066-2015 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1021/ac990800w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 271GZ UT WOS:000084587000029 PM 10655641 ER PT B AU Converse, JC Koegel, RG Straub, RJ AF Converse, JC Koegel, RG Straub, RJ BE Moore, JA TI Nutrient separation of dairy manure SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS AB This study consisted of evaluating two screw presses on large dairy farms; one with a flushing system and the other with a scraper system. Three other large dairy farms were evaluated for in-situ settling as a method of concentrating the nutrients. A companion laboratory column study evaluated 30 columns of manure From four of these farms including effluent from the press liquid stream. Seven of the columns were evaluated after 4 hrs of settling while the rest were done at 24 hrs. The two screw presses, FAN and Vincent, preformed very well, removing solids with mass balance efficiencies of 25.8 and 37.7, respectively, but removed only 5.7 and 9.7% of the phosphorus in the fiber stream. These were not side by side comparisons. The in-situ basin study showed there is potential for concentrating phosphorus, but the degree of concentration appears to be modest. The column study showed that manures with relatively high solids concentration (3-7%) had significant amount of phosphorus concentration in the floatable fraction with less in the settled fraction while manures with lower organic solids had less concentrated in the floatable fraction and more in the settled fraction. Approximately 37.8% of the phosphorus in the effluent stream of the FAN press was settled out in 14.6% of the volume while 24.8% of the phosphorus in the effluent stream of the Vincent press was settled out in 16% of the volume. The column containing sand had 42% of the phosphorus concentrated in 41% of the volume while the columns containing flush manure with organic bedding had 24% of the phosphorus concentrated in 10.4% of the volume. C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Converse, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 118 EP 131 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600016 ER PT B AU Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Vellidis, G Gascho, GJ Lowrance, R AF Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Vellidis, G Gascho, GJ Lowrance, R BE Moore, JA TI Long-term impact of dairy lagoon wastewater on shallow groundwater quality SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE dairy cattle manure; fertilizer; nutrient uptake; cropping system; multi-crop production; nitrates ID IRRIGATION; SYSTEM; WATER AB A long term study was conducted using dairy lagoon wastewater as a nutrient source for a multiple cropping system. Screened wastewater was applied at different rates (200, 400, 600, or 800 kg/ha/yr N in the waste) to the four quadrants of a center pivot area from 1991-1997, with a triple cropping system of corn, coastal bermudagrass, and abruzzi rye. In March 1997 the study was changed such that commercial fertilizer was used for two of the quadrants to compare yields and environmental impact between the inorganic nutrient source and the animal waste. Also, from 1497-1999, the study compared the original cropping system with a triple cropping system consisting of corn, tropical corn, and a mixture of rye and clover. A network of 72 shallow groundwater wells was established beneath the center pivot in 1991. Water samples have been periodically collected from these wells for more than eight years and analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus. This paper reports the impact of the land applied wastewater and inorganic fertilizer on nitrates in shallow groundwater. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600030 ER PT B AU Eigenberg, RA Doran, JW Nienaber, JA Woodbury, BL AF Eigenberg, RA Doran, JW Nienaber, JA Woodbury, BL BE Moore, JA TI Soil conductivity maps for monitoring temporal changes in an agronomic field SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE electromagnetic induction; manure; nutrient; corn ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Temporal changes in soil composition are of interest in determining nutrient transport in the soil. This study was conducted to determine whether electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity differences can be linked to feedlot manure application and then be used to trace these differences over a growing season. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield have been generated using GPS and EM induction methods. The site used in this study was treated over a six-year period with manure and compost applied at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of the corn. The plot was split with sub-treatments of a cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. This method differentiated (P<0.05) the cover crop region and no-cover crop region with the exception of the period of rapid growth of the corn crop. This approach also distinguished (P<0.05) the nitrogen check treatment (commercial application rate) Versus manure or compost treatment for both the cover crop and no-cover areas at strategic times in the growing season. The EM methods also provide insights into the dynamics of nutrient transformations and are supported with soil analysis. This paper will present the details of the methods used and the results of the study for one growing season. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 249 EP 265 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600033 ER PT B AU Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA AF Woodbury, BL Nienaber, JA Eigenberg, RA BE Moore, JA TI Evaluation of a passive feedlot runoff control treatment system SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE feedlot runoff control; animal waste management; waste treatment; nutrient management ID MANURE STORAGE PONDS; SWINE-LAGOON; SEEPAGE AB Research has shown nutrients from feedlot runoff can infiltrate beneath long-term storage ponds. Pond embankments' wetting and drying cycles and weed growth form root channels that facilitate preferential flow paths. The project objectives were to construct and evaluate a passive runoff water treatment system that reduced or eliminated long-term storage. Runoff volumes, nutrient totals, and peak discharge were estimated using the Nutrient Fate Model for Beef Cattle Feedlots. A vegetative filter strip was sized, based on these values. A flat-bottom terrace was constructed to collect runoff provide temporary liquid storage, and accumulate settable solids, while distributing the nutrient laden liquid fraction uniformly across a vegetative filter strip. The nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of the basin solids removed during the 1999 season was approximately 2.7:1. This would indicate the solids could make a relatively balanced plant fertilizer. No vegetative filter strip runoff water was recorded during the 1999 season, indicating that the basin discharge was effectively utilized for grass production. The volume of water remaining in the basin available for deep infiltration was greatly reduced when compared to traditional long-term runoff storage systems. This was evident as the solids storage system began to accumulate solids, thereby reducing the total liquid storage volume of the basin. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 266 EP 272 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600034 ER PT B AU Newton, GL Gascho, GJ Vellidis, G Hubbard, RK Gates, RN Lowrance, RR AF Newton, GL Gascho, GJ Vellidis, G Hubbard, RK Gates, RN Lowrance, RR BE Moore, JA TI Liquid dairy manure fertilization of triple-crop forage systems SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE dairy cattle manure; fertilizer; nutrient uptake; cropping system; multi-crop production AB Three crops per year were grown on the same land to investigate production and environmental effects of manure fertilization under intensive forage production. Crop sequences were corn silage-bermudagrass hay-rye/clover haylage or corn silage-com silage-rye/clover haylage. Both systems received each of two fertilizer sources: liquid dairy manure applied uniformly year round (600 kg of N/ha/year), and commercial fertilizer (recommended rates based on soil test). Over the 2 year period, the cropping sequence including two crops of corn silage produced 6% greater forage dry matter than the system of one crop of corn silage, and manure fertilization produced 16% greater forage dry matter yields than commercial fertilizer application. For the two crop cycles, nitrogen recovery in crops for the corn-bermuda-rye/clover system was 86% for manure and 89% for fertilizer while for the corn-corn-rye/clover system it was 69% for manure and 70% for fertilizer. For the manured treatments, an average of 42% of the phosphorus applied was removed in forage while for the fertilized treatments 204% of the amount applied was removed in forage. Phosphorus removal (kg/ha) was similar for both cropping systems, but was 25% greater for manure than commercial fertilizer. Potassium uptake and removal followed a pattern similar to that of phosphorus, with 72% of the applied manure potassium and 143% of the applied fertilizer potassium removed in forage. Actual potassium removal (kg/ha) was 22% greater for manure than the fertilizer treatment. For the manure treatment, although phosphorus removal was high, the low percent removal is problematic. This was especially the case for the fall-winter crop of rye and clover, which by being on the field longer than other crops received the greatest amount of manure nutrients. Different management, including storage of some manure during winter and an increase in the application area, including supplementing manure with nitrogen, may be necessary to more nearly balance phosphorus application with uptake. Further studies should delineate any needed additional management or cropping practices. C1 Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Newton, GL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600035 ER PT B AU Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Howell, SL Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ AF Vanotti, MB Rice, JM Howell, SL Hunt, PG Humenik, FJ BE Moore, JA TI Advanced treatment system for liquid swine manure using solid-liquid separation and nutrient removal unit processes SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE animal waste treatment; polymers; PAM; solids-liquid separation; ammonia removal; nitrification; immobilized nitrifiers; nitrifying pellets ID DENITRIFICATION; WASTEWATERS AB Animal waste treatment is a significant agricultural and environmental challenge that needs additional options as a result of expanded, confined animal production. We evaluated the use of polymers to enhance separation of solids and liquid from liquid swine manure, and the application of polymer immobilized nitrifying bacteria technology (PINBT) for effective ammonia removal. Separation of solids and nutrients from untreated liquid manure and redistribution of solids to nutrient-deficient areas are critical for conserving nutrients and avoiding nutrient pollution where animal production is concentrated Removal efficiencies of about 90% total and volatile suspended solids were obtained for flushed swine manure containing 2.2 to 15.8 g TSS/L using polyacrylamide (PAM) treatment applied at rates of 80 to120 mg/L. In contrast, screening without PAM treatment captured only 15% of the suspended solids. Although nearly all of the organic N is removed with the TSS, a similar amount still remains in the soluble, ammonia (NH4+) fraction. One of the primary and limiting transformations is the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen via microbial nitrification. Our results showed that biological removal of N can be greatly enhanced with the use of acclimated microorganisms immobilized in polymer pellets. Compared to conventional systems, the use of PINBT allows an increase of about 1,000-fold more nitrifying bacteria to be retained in the reaction tanks. Nitrification rates of 650 g N/m(3)-tank/day with virtually no NH4+ losses were obtained in a pilot study treating swine wastewater. Enhanced denitrification for the purposes of total nitrogen removal can also be attained through development of high-performance denitrifying anoxic sludges using naturally available carbon source from liquid manure. C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600050 ER PT B AU Sauer, TJ VanDevender, K Maxwell, CV Daniels, MB Sharpley, AN Watkins, SE Hatfield, JL West, CP AF Sauer, TJ VanDevender, K Maxwell, CV Daniels, MB Sharpley, AN Watkins, SE Hatfield, JL West, CP BE Moore, JA TI Phosphorus balance model to predict land base requirements for sustainable broiler feeding operations SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE nutrient management; phosphorus budget; manure; animal waste; prediction ID SOIL AB Recent state and federal guidelines regarding land application of animal manures have included defining threshold soil test phosphorus (STP) levels above which further manure application is reduced or prohibited. The objective of this research is to develop a model, called PTrend, for predicting STP trends in fields receiving animal manures. The PTrend model is designed to be used as a planning and management tool for identifying the land base necessary to assimilate phosphorus from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) while maintaining STP values below a given threshold level. PTrend estimates STP using a P balance between the inputs from animal manure applications and losses through crop uptake and surface runoff. Simulations completed for a broiler/beef operation in the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas (8 broiler houses on 65 ha permanent pasture land base) indicated that the 336 kg/ha (300 lbs/A) STP threshold could be reached in approximately 15 years. Management practices simulated for reducing STP buildup included the use of phytase enzyme in the broiler diet to reduce excreted phosphorus and offsite forage removal by selling hay. These options were shown to be effective in slowing the increase in STP, but the density of animal production was still key to the long-term sustainability of the CAFO. Continuing efforts focus on expanding PTrend to consider row crop systems and other types of animal manures and to verify manure P availability estimates. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600051 ER PT B AU Paschold, JS Wienhold, BJ Gilley, JE Ferguson, RB Miller, PS AF Paschold, JS Wienhold, BJ Gilley, JE Ferguson, RB Miller, PS BE Moore, JA TI Crop utilization and environmental fate of N and P from soils receiving manure from swine fed diets containing traditional or highly available phosphorus corn SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS AB We compared crop utilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applied as manure from swine fed a Highly Available Phosphorus (HAP) corn diet, manure from swine fed a traditional corn (TC) diet, and that applied as inorganic fertilizer (IF). We also collected runoff samples at one site to assess the potential HAP corn had in reducing runoff losses of P from manured fields. Crop utilization of N and P was higher for HAP manure than for TC manure or IF when incorporated after application Utilization of N was similar among fertilizer treatments and utilization of P appeared to be related to application rate when surface applied to a no-tillage field. Dissolved P losses in runoff were lowest from BAP plots. Organic N accounted for most N loss in runoff. First year results suggest that manure from swine fed a HAP corn diet is a good fertilizer N and P source and has potential for reducing environmental contamination associated with runoff from manured fields. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Paschold, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600054 ER PT B AU Gilley, JE Spare, DP Koelsch, RK Schulte, DD Miller, PS Parkhurst, AM AF Gilley, JE Spare, DP Koelsch, RK Schulte, DD Miller, PS Parkhurst, AM BE Moore, JA TI Copper and zinc in swine diets affect phototrophic anaerobic lagoons SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE anaerobic bacteria; lagoon effluent; manure management practices; odor control; swine lagoon waste ID PIGS AB Odor emissions from anaerobic lagoons containing large populations of phototrophic bacteria are usually minimal. This study was conducted to determine whether copper (123 ppm) and zinc (2,310 ppm) in rations fed to weanling pigs for therapeutic purposes affect phototrophic conditions within lagoons. Column reactors containing 47 liters of swine lagoon sludge and supernatant were used in an environmental chamber to represent lagoons. Copper-, zinc-, and control-manure were added to the reactors at a volatile solids loading rate of 128 g(vs) m(-3) da(-1) using a hydraulic retention time of 32.5 days. Bacteriochlorophyll a, copper, reduction-oxidation potential, salinity, sulfate, sulfide and zinc were then measured for at least 99 days. Sulfide, total copper and total zinc were the only parameters to be significantly imparted. The copper and zinc concentrations in the sludge increased but that of supernatant in the reactors changed little during the study period. However, the addition of dietary copper was found to significantly increase the concentrations of sulfides in the supernatant, creating a condition that was toxic to phototrophic bacteria. In contrast, a decrease in sulfide concentration resulted from the addition of dietary zinc, resulting in an environment favorable to phototrophic bacteria. Thus, to minimize potential odor concerns, zinc rather than copper may be the best choice as a dietary supplement for weanling pigs. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 656 EP 663 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600082 ER PT B AU Henry, ST Reimers, R AF Henry, ST Reimers, R BE Moore, JA TI Closure of manure treatment/storage impoundments SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Soc Engn Agr Food & Biol Syst, Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Acad Environm Engineers, Amer Agr Econ Assoc, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Agron, Amer Soc Anim Sci, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Council Agr Sci & Technol, Amer Soc Swine Practitioners, Inst Food Technol, Int Assoc Milk, Food & Environm Sanitarians, Inc, Feedstuffs, Midwest Plan Serv, Natl Broiler Council, Natl Cotton Council Amer, Natl Cotton Ginners Assoc, Natl Hog Farmer, Natl Pork Producers Council, Rural Builders, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Univ Guelph, USDA ARS, USDA, CSREES, PAS, USDA, NRCS DE closure; manure; waste; impoundment; lagoon; treatment; pathogen; storage; nutrients AB Closure of animal manure treatment I storage impoundments has become a critical issue. Many structures (several hundred in South Carolina) are old and have been out of operation for several years. In South Carolina any structure that has not been used for five years must be closed by edict of State regulation. Both environmental and human health and safety concerns are behind the thrust for closure requirements. The utilization of nutrients within a structure may require much additional land for a one-time cleanout. Thus, innovative utilization techniques that are alternatives to land application must be used. Treatment within most earthen lagoons and waste storage ponds, especially those that have not been used for at least 18 months, should be sufficient to reduce pathogens to below significant human infectious doses. Lastly, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service has developed a national standard for closure of manure storage / treatment impoundments. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbia, SC USA. RP Henry, ST (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Columbia, SC USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-11-5 PY 2000 BP 687 EP 693 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BR60M UT WOS:000166933600086 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ Paleyanda, RK Foster, JA Powell, A Rexroad, C Lubon, H AF Wall, RJ Paleyanda, RK Foster, JA Powell, A Rexroad, C Lubon, H TI DNA preparation method can influence outcome of transgenic animal experiments SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; CHROMOSOMAL INTEGRATION; VIRAL LTR; GENE; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; SEQUENCE; SHEEP; MICE; EGGS AB In our continuing quest to improve the efficiency of producing transgenic animals, we have compared the influence of two transgene purification techniques on the efficiency of creating transgenic sheep and mice. Three hundred eighty-seven sheep zygotes and 2,737 mouse zygotes were microinjected with one of four transgenes. Transgenes were isolated from plasmid sequences either by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by gel extraction or by a single step sodium chloride gradient fractionation technique. Four transgenic sheep and 61 transgenic mice were produced. Both sheep and mice embryos responded similarly to transgene preparation methods. Overall, pregnancy rate was higher for recipients that received embryos injected with NaCl purified DNA (mean +/- SEM: 64 +/- 7% vs. 38 +/- 7%). Furthermore, offspring per zygote transferred (NaCl, 22 +/- 3% vs. Gel, 12 +/- 3%) and transgenics born per zygote transferred (NaCl, 3.9 +/- 0.6% vs. Gel, 1.5 +/- 0.6%) were higher when the NaCl purified DNA was used. However, the proportion of offspring born that were identified as transgenic did not differ between transgene purification methods. Transgenes responded differently to methods of preparation. One of the four genes yielded a significantly higher proportion of transgenics when the transgene was prepared by NaCl purification. These data suggest that on average the NaCl gradient purification technique results in a higher embryo survival rate to term for both sheep and mice, but the technique has no influence on rate of transgene integration. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 322GG UT WOS:000087501400002 PM 10885809 ER PT B AU Wiggans, GR van Tassell, CP AF Wiggans, GR van Tassell, CP BE Groeneveld, E Glodek, P TI Genetic resources for current and future development of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle SO ANIMAL BREEDING AND ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop 7 on Sustainable Animal Production CY JUL 17-18, 2000 CL HANNOVER, GERMANY SP Inst Anim Sci & Anim Behav, Fed Agr Res Ctr, Georg August Univ, Inst Tierzucht & Haustiergenet ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MILK-PRODUCTION; BREEDING PROGRAMS; PREDEFINED RATE; POPULATION; SELECTION; HEALTH; TRANSFORMATION; LIVESTOCK; MARKERS AB The Holstein-Friesian dairy cow is undergoing rapid genetic change. Annual increase in genetic merit for protein yield is over 1% of the phenotypic mean in the United States. Those gains are achieved through intensive selection both within and across countries. Although selection goals vary somewhat among countries, the same top bulls have been used globally. The international popularity of a few bulls has led to increases in inbreeding and a rather small effective population size. This trend has been accelerated by recent improvements in international comparisons of bulls. Strategies to preserve genetic diversity and slow the rate of increase in inbreeding are being developed. Analysis of DNA provides an opportunity for more accurate selection decisions and parentage verification. New genes for the Holstein-Friesian population may be obtained through crossbreeding and, in some limited cases, through transgenics. However, mass selection will continue to be the most important method of change. In the future, genetic evaluation systems are expected to become more accurate through better modeling and inclusion of DNA marker information. Mating programs will be more widespread so that inbreeding can be minimized and dominance relationships used. Further consolidation of breeding companies may lead to a change in the structure of the genetic improvement program. Adoption of new reproductive technologies such as semen sexing, cloning, and improvements in oocyte recovery also may cause changes in the dairy cattle industry. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANSTALT LANDWIRTSCHAFT (FAL) PI BRAUNSCHWEIG PA BUNDESALLEE 50, 38116 BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY BN 3-933140-55-2 PY 2000 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BW59G UT WOS:000182531600005 ER PT J AU Church, RL Murray, AT Barber, KH AF Church, RL Murray, AT Barber, KH TI Forest planning at the tactical level SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Forest management and planning can involve large tracts of land involving numerous areal units. One approach to plan activities for a forested region over decades involves breaking down decision making into three components: strategic, tactical, and operational. Each level of the management hierarchy can involve the development and application of optimization models. These models typically aid in exploring management alternatives as well as multi-objective tradeoffs. Even though a strategic model can provide support for long term management at a broad scale, solutions may not be feasible at an operational level. Tactical level modeling helps to bridge solutions reached at a strategic level using operational planning information. This paper presents several tactical level planning models that have been developed as a part of a research effort supported by the US Forest Service. These models have been utilized in land use management and planning by the US Forest Service through a specially developed spatial decision support system. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. RP Church, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Murray, Alan/B-2993-2012 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 95 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1018922728855 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 347QA UT WOS:000088939600001 ER PT J AU Hof, J Bevers, M AF Hof, J Bevers, M TI Direct spatial optimization in natural resource management: Four linear programming examples SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spatial optimization; wildlife habitat connectivity; exotic pest dispersal; reaction-diffusion models ID HABITAT; PERSISTENCE; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION AB This paper discusses methods for directly incorporating spatial relationships in natural resource optimization models. The approaches are contrasted with the conventional emphasis on adjacency restrictions. Four formulations are presented that address a variety of problems using linear (continuous-variable) programming, which allows reliable solvability of even very large models. The problems addressed include: habitat placement for the black-footed ferret (an aggressive disperser), habitat placement for the black-tailed prairie dog (a gregarious, recalcitrant disperser), placement of control efforts directed at restricting the spread of an exotic pest, and the semi-permanent placement of habitat for the northern spotted owl (a static problem). C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 95 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1023/A:1018902124311 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 347QA UT WOS:000088939600004 ER PT J AU Clark, MM Meller, RD McDonald, TP Ting, CC AF Clark, MM Meller, RD McDonald, TP Ting, CC TI A new harvest operation cost model to evaluate forest harvest layout alternatives SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE harvest scheduling problem; operations research modeling; example problems AB In this paper we develop a new model for harvest operation costs that can be used to evaluate stands for potential harvest. The model is based on felling, extraction, and access costs and is unique in its consideration of the interaction between harvest area shapes and access roads. We illustrate the model and evaluate the impact of stand size, volume, and road cost when determining harvest layouts. We also present a generalized case where multiple unit road costs are considered in the same stand. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Clark, MM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 95 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1018914527037 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 347QA UT WOS:000088939600007 ER PT J AU King, SL AF King, SL TI Sequential Gaussian simulation vs. simulated annealing for locating pockets of high-value commercial trees in Pennsylvania SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sequential Gaussian simulation; simulated annealing; geostatistics; spatial interpolation; forest inventory ID STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; RISK AB A continuous map of a forest resource is useful to visualize patterns not evident with point samples or as a layer in a geographic information system. Forest resource information is usually collected by ground inventories using point sampling, aerial photography, or remote sensing. Point sampling is expensive and time consuming. Less expensive aerial photography and remote sensing cannot provide the required detail. The tools of geostatistics can provide estimates at unsampled locations to create a continuous map of the forest resource. Two sequential simulation techniques, sequential Gaussian simulation and simulated annealing, are compared for locating pockets of high-value commercial trees in Pennsylvania. Both procedures capture the same trends, but simulated annealing is better than sequential Gaussian simulation at finding pockets of high-value commercial trees in Pennsylvania. Sequential Gaussian simulation is better at visualizing large-scale patterns and providing a quick solution. Simulated annealing requires more user time and should be used for projects requiring local detail. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200,Newtown Sq, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 95 BP 177 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1018970612016 PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 347QA UT WOS:000088939600010 ER PT J AU Reeves, LH Haight, RG AF Reeves, LH Haight, RG TI Timber harvest scheduling with price uncertainty using Markowitz portfolio optimization SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; STUMPAGE PRICES; UNIT ROOTS; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; MODELS AB Harvest scheduling models need to account for uncertain revenue predictions when minimizing risk of financial loss is an important management objective. In this paper, we present methods for estimating the means and covariances of stumpage prices and incorporating them in harvest scheduling models. We approached the estimation problem by fitting time-series models to loblolly pine sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage prices in Georgia, USA, and deriving formulas for means and covariances of price predictions. Statistical evidence supported integrated autoregressive models, which caused covariances of price predictions to increase with time. The means and covariances of price predictions were combined with timber yield and land value predictions to give exact formulas for the revenue means and covariances of timber management activities. Sawtimber regimes dominated pulpwood regimes by providing higher mean revenues across a wide range of revenue variances. Harvest scheduling results for a hypothetical forest of pine plantations showed that the forest plan that maximized mean income without concern for risk (expressed as the standard deviation of income) involved sawtimber production with a 35-year rotation age. Risk was reduced 30% with little effect on mean income by using shorter-rotation sawtimber regimes. Risk was reduced 80% by using a mix of short-rotation sawtimber and pulpwood regimes because pulpwood price was only weakly correlated with sawtimber price. The latter risk-reduction came at the expense of mean income, which was reduced by as much as 50%. The risks and compositions of optimal forest plans were extremely sensitive to assumptions about the range of future prices that were inherent in different prediction models. This sensitivity emphasizes the importance of carefully determining the decision maker's beliefs about stumpage price behavior. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington Dept Revenue, Forest Tax Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 95 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1023/A:1018974712925 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 347QA UT WOS:000088939600013 ER PT J AU McCarl, BA Adams, DM Alig, RJ Chmelik, JT AF McCarl, BA Adams, DM Alig, RJ Chmelik, JT TI Competitiveness of biomass-fueled electrical power plants SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SECTOR AB One way countries like the United States can comply with suggested rollbacks in greenhouse gas emissions is by employing power plants fueled with biomass. We examine the competitiveness of biomass-based fuel for electrical power as opposed to coal using a mathematical programming structure. We consider fueling power plants from milling residues, whole trees, logging residues, switch grass, or short-rotation woody crops. We do this using a combined model of the agricultural and forestry sectors. We find that the competitiveness of biomass depends in a key way upon the success of research in developing improved production methods for short-rotation woody crops without great increases in costs. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP McCarl, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PY 2000 VL 94 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1018929402930 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 337MW UT WOS:000088366300003 ER PT J AU Woodson, WD Chandler, LD AF Woodson, WD Chandler, LD TI Effects on development of immature Mexican corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera zeae; degree-days; linear model ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; TEMPERATURE AB Development of immature Mexican corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith, was investigated at 8 temperatures ranging from 15 to 33 degrees C. Development to adult was only completed in the range from 15 to 30 degrees C; larvae failed to complete the 3rd instar at 31.5 and 33 degrees C. Development from hatch to adult emergence was fastest at 30 degrees C (approximate to 25 d), and slowest at 15 degrees C (approximate to 105 d). Developmental times, from hatch to adult emergence, differed for males and females, males emerged before females. A pooled thermal threshold of 10.3 degrees C was estimated for immature development. Development from hatch to adult emergence was estimated to take 473 DD. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Woodson, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0055:EODOIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359UZ UT WOS:000089631600007 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Kanehisa, D Stark, JD Nishida, T AF Vargas, RI Walsh, WA Kanehisa, D Stark, JD Nishida, T TI Comparative demography of three Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) at alternating temperatures SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fruit flies; comparative demography; alternating temperature; life history patterns; r- and K-selection ID 5 CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; FLY DIPTERA; DORSALIS DIPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; PARAMETERS; SURVIVAL; PAPAYA AB Reproductive and population parameters of melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis Hendel, and Mediteranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were measured in environmental chambers maintained at temperatures of (mum:minimum:minimum) 24:13, 24:24, 29:18, and 35:24 +/- 1 degrees C. Alternating temperature regimes more realistically approached the variation found in nature and produced higher parameters than an optimal constant temperature (24 degrees C). Intra- and interspecific comparisons were done with 4 separate generations of wild fruit flies reared on a common natural host. All species attained their highest intrinsic rates of population increase at 29:18 or 35:24 degrees C; C. capitata exhibited the highest intrinsic rates of increase at all temperature regimes. All species attained maximum net reproductive rates at 29:18 degrees C, in the order C. capitata > B. dorsalis > B. cucurbitae. The 35:24 degrees C regime caused reductions in net reproductive rates of all species, with B. dorsalis affected most strongly. Male longevity was greater than that of females for all species in all temperature regimes. Two distinctly different life history patterns were evident: (1) early reproduction, short life span, and a high intrinsic rate of increase (C. capitala), and (2) later onset of reproduction,longer life span, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (B. cucurbitae). C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Entomol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0075:CDOTHF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359UZ UT WOS:000089631600010 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Davis, RE Gundersen-Rindal, DE AF Lee, IM Davis, RE Gundersen-Rindal, DE TI Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic mollicutes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mycoplasmalike organisms; Candidatus phytoplasma species; phylogeny; classification; taxonomy; unculturable; ribosomal RNA ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSES; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; ASTER YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA; PROTEIN GENE-SEQUENCES; SOUTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS; LITTLE-LEAF DISEASE AB During the past decade, research has yielded new knowledge about the plant and insect host ranges, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system hasemerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species." In large part, this progress has resulted from the development and use of molecular methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas. While these advances continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasmal infections in plant diseases, and molecular/genetic phenomena that underlie symptom development in plants. These and other recent advances are laying the foundation for future progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases of insect transmissibility and specificity of transmission, and plant gene expression in response to phytoplasmal infection, as well as the design of novel approaches to achieve effective control of phytoplasmal diseases. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 182 TC 478 Z9 532 U1 4 U2 55 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2000 VL 54 BP 221 EP 255 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.221 PG 35 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 373DC UT WOS:000165272300009 PM 11018129 ER PT J AU Martin, RR James, D Levesque, CA AF Martin, RR James, D Levesque, CA TI Impacts of molecular diagnostic technologies on plant disease management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disease diagnosis; pathogen detection; polymerase chain reaction; PCR; ELISA; microarrays; plant quarantine; disease management ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLUM POX POTYVIRUS; GRAPEVINE VIRUS-A; MOTTLE LEAF VIRUS; AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA; IMMUNOCAPTURE RT-PCR; STEM GROOVING VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI AB Detection and diagnosis of plant viruses has included serological laboratory tests since the 1960s. Relatively little work was done on serological detection of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi prior to the development of ELISA and monoclonal antibody technologies. Most applications for laboratory-based tests were directed at virus detection with relatively little emphasis on fungal and bacterial pathogens, though there was some good work done with other groups of plant pathogens. With the advent of molecular biology and the ability to compare regions of genomic DNA representing conserved sequences, the development of laboratory tests increased at an amazing rate for all groups of plant pathogens. Comparison of ITS regions of bacteria, fungi, and nematodes has proven useful for taxonomic purposes. Sequencing of conserved genes has been used to develop PCR-based detection with varying levels of specificity for viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Combinations of ELISA and PCR technologies are used to improve sensitivity of detection and to avoid problems with inhibitors or PCR often found in plants. The application of these technologies in plant pathology has greatly improved our ability to detect plant pathogens and is increasing our understanding of, their ecology and epidemiology. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Plant Hlth, Sidney, BC V8I 1H3, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM martinrr@ava.bcc.orst.edu; jamesd@em.agr.ca; levesqueca@em.agr.ca NR 185 TC 120 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 28 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2000 VL 38 BP 207 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.207 PG 34 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374AM UT WOS:000165322300010 ER PT J AU Rosewich, UL Kistler, HC AF Rosewich, UL Kistler, HC TI Role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of fungi SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lateral transfer; intron; plasmid; gene cluster; supernumerary chromosome ID GROUP-I INTRON; PLANT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI; PHYTOPATHOGEN COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; VEGETATIVELY INCOMPATIBLE BIOTYPES; EUKARYOTIC TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ORPINOMYCES STRAIN PC-2; OPHIOSTOMA-NOVO-ULMI; ELM DISEASE FUNGUS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI AB Although evidence for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes remains largely anecdotal, literature on HGT in fungi suggests that it may have been more important in the evolution of fungi than in other eukaryotes. Still, HGT in fungi has not been widely accepted because the mechanisms by which it may occur are unknown, because it is usually not directly observed but rather implied as an outcome, and because there are often equally plausible alternative explanations. Despite these reservations, HGT has been justifiably invoked for a variety of sequences including plasmids, introns, transposons, genes, gene clusters, and even whole chromosomes. In some instances HGT has also been confirmed under experimental conditions. It is this ability to address the phenomenon in an experimental setting that makes fungi well suited as model systems in which to study the mechanisms and consequences of HGT in eukaryotic organisms. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rosewich, UL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 179 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 5 U2 33 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2000 VL 38 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.325 PG 40 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374AM UT WOS:000165322300014 ER PT J AU Eversmeyer, MG Kramer, CL AF Eversmeyer, MG Kramer, CL TI Epidemiology of wheat leaf and stem rust in the central Great Plains of the USA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE primary inoculum; disease control; disease resistance; aerobiology; disease modeling; gene deployment; spore movement; overwintering ID EARLY SPRING SURVIVAL; F SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; DISPERSAL; DISEASE; WINTER; UREDINIOSPORES; EQUATIONS AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is grown throughout the grasslands from southern Mexico into the prairie provinces of Canada, a distance of nearly 4200 km. The total area seeded to wheat varies considerably each year; however, from 28 to 32 million ha are planted in the Great Plains of the United States alone. Generally in the central Great Plains, an area from central Texas through central Nebraska, 15 million ha are seeded to winter wheat each year. A wide range of environmental conditions exist throughout this area that may affect the development and final severity of wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina L), stripe rust (caused by P. striiformis), and stem rust (caused by 19 graminis Pers. f. sp tritici) epidemics and the subsequent reduction in wheat yields. Variation in severity of rust epidemics in this area depends on differences in crop maturity at the time of infection by primary inoculum, host resistance used, and environmental conditions. The interrelationships among time, host, pathogen and environment are complex, and studying the interactions is very difficult. Historically, cultivars with new or different leaf rust resistance genes become ineffective after several years of large-scale production within the Great Plains, and then cultivars carrying new or different resistance genes must be developed and released into production. This is the typical "boom and bust" cycle of the cereal rust resistance genes in the central Great Plains. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Eversmeyer, MG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 30 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2000 VL 38 BP 491 EP 513 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.491 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374AM UT WOS:000165322300020 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Goheen, EM AF Hansen, EM Goheen, EM TI Phellinus weirii and other native root pathogens as determinants of forest structure and process in western North America SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Phellinus weirii; laminated root rot; Douglas-fir; forest ecology; forest succession ID MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK; DOUGLAS-FIR; OREGON CASCADES; TREE VIGOR; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; NUTRIENT; STAND; ROT AB The population structure and ecological roles of the indigenous pathogen Phellinus weirii, cause of laminated root rot in conifer forests of western North America, are examined. This pathogen kills trees in slowly expanding mortality centers, creating gaps in the forest canopy. It is widespread, locally abundant, and very long-lived. It is among the most important disturbance agents in the long intervals between stand-replacing events such as wildfire or harvest in these ecosystems and shapes the structure and composition of both wild and managed forests. Trees are infected and killed regardless of individual vigor. Management of public lands is changing dramatically, with renewed emphasis on natural forest structures and processes but pathogens, especially root rot fungi, remain a significant challenge to "ecosystem management". C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 55 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2000 VL 38 BP 515 EP 539 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.515 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374AM UT WOS:000165322300021 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, NN AF Ragsdale, NN TI The impact of the food quality protection act on the future of plant disease management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pesticides; fungicides; regulation; food safety; minor crops ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS; FUNGICIDES; MECHANISM; TOXICITY; RISKS AB The Food Quality Protection Act mandates new considerations in pesticide regulatory decisions. Endocrine disruption, determination of the need for an additional safety factor for infants and children, aggregate exposure to each pesticide, and cumulative exposure to pesticides with a common mechanism of toxicity will all become part of the risk assessment process. A reduction in availability of fungicides for many current uses appears to be a likely result of this act. If this occurs, disease management programs, particularly in fruits and vegetables, will be challenged to find alternative approaches. Currently, fungicides play an important role in many production systems. Loss of these valuable pest management tools will contribute to increased costs for producers and consumers, as well as to complex issues facing the structure of agriculture in the United States. C1 ARS, Natl Program Staff, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ragsdale, NN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Program Staff, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nnr@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2000 VL 38 BP 577 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.577 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 374AM UT WOS:000165322300023 ER PT B AU Carriere, CJ Thomas, AJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Thomas, AJ Inglett, GE GP SPE SPE TI Constitutive analysis of the nonlinear shear rheology of flour suspensions obtained from different botanical sources SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE flour; suspensions; K-BKZ model; theology ID SPHERICAL SILICA SUSPENSION; ELONGATIONAL FLOW; POLYETHYLENE MELT AB The evaluation and development of validated models for the nonlinear viscoelastic (VE) behavior of materials is an important area of research which has impact on a number of industrial processes including those in the food industry. Various nonlinear VE models have been developed over the years and evaluated for petroleum-based polymers; however, our understanding of the nonlinear VE behavior of biopolymers of industrial import lags our understanding of synthetic polymers. In the work reported herein, the nonlinear VE behavior of suspensions (20 % by weight in deionized water) of defatted oat flour, oat bran, barley flour, and oat flour were investigated. The rheological properties were measured using a Rheometrics Series IV controlled-strain rheometer equipped with a cone and plate fixture. The measurements were conducted at 23 +/- 10.1 degreesC. The theological data were interpreted using a strain separable K-BKZ type (Wagner) model. The K-BKZ model was found to provide an accurate description of the rheological behavior of the four flour suspensions. C1 ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 1012 EP 1015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500189 ER PT B AU Lawrence, SS Willett, JL Carriere, CJ AF Lawrence, SS Willett, JL Carriere, CJ GP SPE SPE TI Mechanical properties of starch filled poly(hydroxy ester ether) biodegradable composites SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE starch; biodegradable composites; acoustic emission ID STRESS AB The mechanical properties of starch filled biodegradable composites have been investigated. The strength was found to be independent of the filler content below 10 vol% and above approximately 30 vol%. This behavior is due to the failure mechanism operating in these composites. The matrix, poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE), adheres well to starch and as a result the granules do not dewet during deformation. Instead the composites behave as a quasi-homogeneous material with increased brittleness as the filler content increases. The deformation mechanism was investigated by acoustic emission analysis and by a post-mortem examination of the fracture surfaces. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lawrence, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 3640 EP 3644 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500701 ER PT B AU Shogren, RL Lawton, JW Doane, WM Willett, JL AF Shogren, RL Lawton, JW Doane, WM Willett, JL GP SPE SPE TI Biodegradable laminates and composites containing starch and poly(hydroxyester-ethers) SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE starch; laminate; polyester; foam ID POLYMERS AB Poly(hydroxyester-ethers) (PHEE) were added to a variety of thermoplastic starch composites in order to improve the mechanical and water-resistant properties of these systems. Thin film coatings of PHEE's were found to adhere well to starch sheets and foams and provided resistance to cold water over short periods of time (hours-days). Adhesion was decreased by high water or glycerol contents in the starch and was increased by addition of partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol. Extruded starch foam peanuts containing 5-20% PHEE were found to have a thin surface layer consisting mainly of PHEE. This probably explains, at least in part, why the starch/PHEE foams have a higher expansion ratio, greater water resistance and reduced friability compared to foams made from starch alone. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 3792 EP 3795 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500738 ER PT J AU Hung, ACF Peng, CYS Shimanuki, H AF Hung, ACF Peng, CYS Shimanuki, H TI Nucleotide sequence variations in Kashmir bee virus isolated from Apis mellifera L. and Varroa jacobsoni Oud. SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Kasmir bee virus; direct RT-PCR; pairwise comparison; phylogenetic tree AB The 374 bp amplicon of 20 Kashmir bee virus (KBV) isolates from 14 bee and 6 mite samples from California was sequenced. The sequence data and those of homologous KBV amplicons of one bee each from Australia, Canada, Maine, and Maryland were analyzed. Pairwise comparisons of nucleotide sequences show the mean distance between Californian isolates varying from 0% to 3.2%. The mean distance between Californian isolates and the two U.S. or the Canadian isolates are equal or less than 3.2%. The Australian isolate is different from all North American isolates with mean distances of 11.5 to 12.3%. This 374 bp sequence contains a single open reading frame, the 124 amino acid sequence matched closely with the sequences of many virus polyproteins. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hung, ACF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 292DB UT WOS:000085777900002 ER PT J AU Burgess, RR Arthur, TM Pietz, BC AF Burgess, RR Arthur, TM Pietz, BC TI Mapping protein-protein interaction domains using ordered fragment ladder far-western analysis of hexahistidine-tagged fusion proteins SO APPLICATIONS OF CHIMERIC GENES AND HYBRID PROTEINS, PT C SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RNA-POLYMERASE; SIGMA(70); BINDING; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CLEAVAGE; EPITOPE; SITES C1 Univ Wisconsin, Mcardle Lab Canc Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Burgess, RR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Mcardle Lab Canc Res, 1400 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA07175, CA23076]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM28575] NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2000 VL 328 BP 141 EP 157 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BR47D UT WOS:000166565300011 PM 11075344 ER PT J AU Roberts, DP Dery, PD Yucel, I Buyer, JS AF Roberts, DP Dery, PD Yucel, I Buyer, JS TI Importance of pfkA for rapid growth of Enterobacter cloacae during colonization of crop seeds SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN; PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ROOT COLONIZATION; CARBON-SOURCES; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; KINETICS; MIXTURES AB Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a prototrophic, glycolytic mutant of strain 501R3 with a single transposon insertion in pfkA. The populations of strain A-11 on cucumber and radish seeds were smaller than the populations of strain 501R3 in natural soil, but the populations of these two strains on pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds were similar (D. P. Roberts, P. D. Dery, I. Yucel, J. Buyer, M. A. Holtman, and D. Y. Kobayashi, Appl, Environ. Microbiol. 65:2513-2519, 1999), The net effect of the mutation in pfkA in vitro was a shift from rapid growth on certain carbohydrates detected in seed exudates to much slower growth on other carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. The impact of the mutation in pfkA was greatest on the growth rate of E. cloacae on the seeds that released the smallest quantities of fructose, other carbohydrates, and amino acids. Corn, pea, soybean, and sunflower seeds released total amounts of carbohydrates and amino acids at rates that were approximately 10- to 100-fold greater than the rates observed with cucumber and radish seeds for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was significantly less (50% less) than the growth rate of strain 501R3 on radish seeds, and the growth rate of strain A-11 was too low to estimate on cucumber seeds in sterile sand for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was also significantly lower on soybean seeds, but it was only 17% lower than the growth rate of strain 501R3. The growth rates of strains 501R3 and A-11 mere similar on pea, sunflower, and corn seeds in sterile sand for the first 30 h after imbibition began. Large reductions in the growth rates of strain A-11 on seeds were correlated with subsequent decreased levels of colonization of seeds compared to the levels of colonization of strain 501R3, The strain A-11 Populations were significantly smaller than the strain 501R3 populations only on radish and cucumber seeds. The mutation in pfkA appears to decrease the level of colonization by E. cloacae for seeds that release small quantities of reduced carbon compounds by decreasing the size of the pool of compounds that support rapid growth by this bacterium. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 271GL UT WOS:000084585800013 PM 10618207 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, WS TI Forces exerted on cotton bales with six- and eight-tie patterns of steel strapping SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE tie force; bale storage; cotton bales; packaging; stress; moisture AB Three studies were conducted to ascertain the impact of number of bale ties, density, and climatic storage conditions on bale tie forces. One study using sir or eight ties per bale and platen separations of 48.3 or 53.3 cm (19 or 21 in,), bale tie lengths of 215.9 or 226.1 cm (85 or 89 in.), and storage at high humidity and normal humidity indicated that the average force on the six-tie pattern was about 22% higher than for the eight-tie pattern. Tie five was located in about the same position for both patterns and exerted about 20% more force for the sir-tie pattern. The force exerted on individual restraint ties on a gin universal density cotton bale differed dramatically for different tie locations. Bale tie forces increased dramatically immediately after the bale was released from the press and tended to stabilize after 60 days. Cotton bales gained moisture at a declining rate until they reached equilibrium with the moisture in the air after about 100 days of storage. Irt a second study different force levels were required to compress cotton bales at different tie locations suggesting a different amount of lint near each tie. In a third study, which compared eight bale ties to five ties at the same locations on both bales, tie forces averaged about 36% higher for the bale with five ties. C1 USDA ARS, US Cotton Ginning Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Cotton Ginning Lab, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 287HT UT WOS:000085501000003 ER PT J AU Jin, CX Romkens, MJM AF Jin, CX Romkens, MJM TI Performance of a modified Syntron vibra-flow sediment feeder for wide feeding SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sediment feeder; flume ID GRASS AB The performance of a modified Syntron vibra-flow sediment feeder was tested. The modified feeder utilized a cone-shaped dispersing fan to redistribute sediment uniformly over the feeding width of 62 cm (24.4 in.). Results for three different soil materials showed that the maximum deviations over the delivery zone were 10%, 15%, and 22% for coarse sand, fine sand, and a silt loam soil, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 287HT UT WOS:000085501000004 ER PT J AU Camp, CR Sadler, EJ Evans, DE Usrey, LJ AF Camp, CR Sadler, EJ Evans, DE Usrey, LJ TI Variable-rate, digitally controlled metering device SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; sprinkler; site-specific; precision agriculture; injection AB During the past decade, there has been increasing interest in applying water and chemicals to crops based on need or yield potential rather than applying uniformly to the entire field. While ground-driven variable-rate chemical application equipment is now being used most irrigation systems continue to apply nominally uniform water depths. Our objective was to make variable-rate irrigation applications possible by developing a digitally controlled metering device. The device consists of a reservoir that is alternately filled and emptied at a rate determined by a digital pulse from an external source and requires pressurized sources of water and air The flow rate can be altered by changing the cycle duration and frequency by changing air and water pressure, or by exchanging the reservoir with one of different volume. Tests with prototypes indicate reproducible flow rates for a range of operating pressures and discharge cycle durations. Various sprinklers or nozzles may be attached to the outlet if specific distribution patterns are desired. Additionally the metering device can be used in a wide variety of applications with a variety of fluids or gases for variable-rate flow or injection of a fluid into either another fluid or gas. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Camp, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 287HT UT WOS:000085501000005 ER PT J AU Pearson, T Toyofuku, N AF Pearson, T Toyofuku, N TI Automated sorting of pistachio nuts with closed shells SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE pistachio; nut; sort; image; material handling AB An automated machine vision system was developed to identify and remove pistachio nuts with closed shells from processing streams. The system includes a novel material handling system to feed nuts to linescan cameras without tumbling, The camera output signals are input to digital signal processing boards which extract image features characteristic of closed and open shell pistachios. The classification accuracy of this machine vision system for separating open shell from closed shell nuts is approximately 95%. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 40 nuts per second and cost of about $15,000 per channel. This throughput and cost is comparable to color sorters used to remove other pistachio defects. Currently, closed shell pistachio nuts are removed by mechanical devices. These devices also have a classification accuracy of about 95% but damage kernels in open shell pistachios by "pricking" them with a needle. The needle hole can give the appearance of an insect tunnel and cause rejection by the consumer The newly developed machine vision system is a non-invasive inspection method. C1 USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 287HT UT WOS:000085501000013 ER PT J AU Allende, R Kutish, GF Laegreid, W Lu, Z Lewis, TL Rock, DL Friesen, J Galeota, JA Doster, AR Osorio, FA AF Allende, R Kutish, GF Laegreid, W Lu, Z Lewis, TL Rock, DL Friesen, J Galeota, JA Doster, AR Osorio, FA TI Mutations in the genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus responsible for the attenuation phenotype SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NSP4 SERINE-PROTEASE; ARTERIVIRUS REPLICASE; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; VACCINE; NIDOVIRALES; EVOLUTION; AMERICAN; PIGS AB Although live-attenuated vaccines have been used for some time to control clinical symptoms of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), the molecular bases for the attenuated phenotype remain unclear. We had previously determined the genomic sequence of the pathogenic PRRSV 16244B. Limited comparisons of the structural protein coding sequence of an attenuated vaccine strain have shown 98% homology to the pathogenic 16244B. Here we have confirmed the attenuated phenotype and determined the genomic sequence of that attenuated PRRSV vaccine and compared it to its parental VR-2332 and the 16244B strains. The attenuated vaccine sequence was colinear with that of the strain 16244B sequence containing no gaps and 212 substitutions over 15,374 determined nucleotide sequence. We identified nine amino acid changes distributed in Nsp1 beta, Nsp2, Nsp10, ORF2, ORF3, ORF5 and ORF6. These changes may provide the molecular bases for the observed attenuated phenotype. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Osorio, FA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1161 DI 10.1007/s007050070115 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 342PP UT WOS:000088654600007 PM 10948988 ER PT J AU Bonneau, KR Zhang, NZ Wilson, WC Zhu, JB Zhang, FQ Li, ZH Zhang, KL Xiao, L Xiang, WB MacLachlan, NJ AF Bonneau, KR Zhang, NZ Wilson, WC Zhu, JB Zhang, FQ Li, ZH Zhang, KL Xiao, L Xiang, WB MacLachlan, NJ TI Phylogenetic analysis of the S7 gene does not segregate Chinese strains of bluetongue virus into a single topotype SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CORE PROTEIN VP7; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; UNITED-STATES; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PARTICLES; SEROTYPE-1; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection of ruminants is endemic throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The S7 gene segments of prototype Chinese strains of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 15, and 16 were sequenced and compared to the same genes of prototype strains of BTV from the US? Australia, and South Africa. The S7 genes and predicted VP7 proteins of the Chinese viruses were relatively conserved, with the notable exception of serotype 15. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the S7 genes did not predict geographic origin of the various strains of BTV. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Yunnan Trop & Subtrop Anim Virus Dis Lab, Kunming, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP MacLachlan, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1126 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1171 DI 10.1007/s007050070116 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 342PP UT WOS:000088654600008 PM 10948989 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL French, R Morris, TJ AF Robertson, NL French, R Morris, TJ TI The open reading frame 5A of foxtail mosaic virus is expressed in vivo and is dispensable for systemic infection SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDGE-ASSOCIATED POTEXVIRUS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; TRIPLE GENE BLOCK; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COAT-PROTEIN; CLONED CDNA; INVITRO TRANSCRIPTS; PLANT-VIRUSES; RNA; ACCUMULATION AB Infectious transcripts were successfully derived from full-length cDNA clones of foxtail mosaic potexvirus (FoMV). Full-length clones were constructed by RT-PCR whereby 5' and 3' genomic segments of 2.7 and 3.4 kb, respectively, were ligated into Bluescript II KS. The in vitro RNA transcripts were infectious to moncotyledonous (barley) and dicotyledonous (Chenopodium amaranticolor) plant species. Individual mutation studies on clones of each of the five major ORFs confirmed predicted gene function for the polymerase, TGB (triple gene block), and coat protein (CP) genes. Protoplast studies on expression of a unique open reading frame, ORF 5A, which initiates 143 nts upstream of the CP before it "reads through" the CP, revealed that the 5A protein was produced in vivo. Mutation analysis of the 5A ORF indicated, however, that it was not required for either replication or for productive infection of plants. However, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the extended CP segment were shown to be important for CP expression. Additional mutations in 5A had no effect on FoMV replication in protoplasts but rendered the virus noninfectious to plants. A correlation with diminished CP production from both mutant clones implies that synthesis of subgenomic CP mRNA was compromised, and this limited systemic infection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Arctic Plant Germplasm Repository, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP French, R (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 8 BP 1685 EP 1698 DI 10.1007/s007050070084 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 347XF UT WOS:000088953900013 PM 11003477 ER PT J AU Nemchinov, LG Shamloul, AM Zemtchik, EZ Verderevskaya, TD Hadidi, A AF Nemchinov, LG Shamloul, AM Zemtchik, EZ Verderevskaya, TD Hadidi, A TI Apricot latent virus: a new species in the genus Foveavirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONING; DISEASE; PCR AB Extraction of viral double-stranded RNA from peach leaves infected with Apricot Intent virus (ALV) followed by molecular cloning; of synthesized cDNA and its sequencing, suggested that ALV is a new virus, whose coat protein (CP) coding region contains Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV)-related sequences. The sequenced portion of the ALV genome (1444 nt) includes the putative CP gene and the 3' non-translated region. The 5' portion of this fragment (1-651 nt) is highly distinct whereas the 3/ portion is 77% identical to the corresponding region of ASPV. Molecular hybridization experiments using a cRNA probe to ASPV with ALV-infected leaf tissue extracts also revealed that the genome of ALV contains nucleotide sequences related to that of ASPV. Western blots of tissue extracts indicated that ALV coat protein reacted with polyclonal antiserum against ASPV; however, the ALV CP differs in size from that of ASPV. ALV was graft-transmitted to several Prunus rootstocks. Based on the available sequence data, serological observations and bioassays we propose that ALV is a new species in the genus Foveavirus, typified by ASPV. ALV-specific PCR-primers and viral-specific cRNA probes developed in this investigation may be useful for detecting the virus and for studying its epidemiology and geographical distribution. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20891 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Inst Hort Res, Chisinau, Moldova. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20891 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 9 BP 1801 EP 1813 DI 10.1007/s007050070057 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 358XL UT WOS:000089582400004 PM 11043942 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Hung, AC AF Evans, JD Hung, AC TI Molecular phylogenetics and the classification of honey bee viruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; DROSOPHILA-C VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FAMILY SEQUIVIRIDAE; CRICKET PARALYSIS; SACBROOD VIRUS; PLAUTIA-STALI; RNA VIRUSES; INSECT; GENOME AB We present the phylogenetic relationships of several picorna-like RNA viruses found in honey bees, with respect to 13 additional plant and animal positive-strand RNA viruses. Most of the honey bee viruses fall into an unnamed family of insect RNA viruses typified by the Drosophila C virus. Different bee viruses are broadly distributed within this group, suggesting either that the ability to infect honey bees has evolved multiple times, or that these viruses are generalistic in their abilities to infect insect hosts. At least one major change in gene order has occurred among the bee viruses, based on their phylogenetic affiliations. At the amino-acid level, the bee viruses differed by 15-28% at three conserved loci. Most differed by greater than 50% at the RNA level, indicating that sequence-based methods for bee virus identification must be tailored to at least three different virus clades independently. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC E, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 10 BP 2015 EP 2026 DI 10.1007/s007050070037 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 366PT UT WOS:000090014300003 PM 11087089 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Chen, Z Sun, Z McCullough, D AF Cheung, AK Chen, Z Sun, Z McCullough, D TI Pseudorabies virus induces apoptosis in tissue culture cells SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA FRAGMENTATION; DEATH; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; DEGRADATION; INHIBITOR; CLEAVAGE; ABSENCE AB The process of cell death as a result of exposure to pseudorabies virus (PRV) in cultured cells was examined and specific features characteristic of apoptosis were observed. At early times of infection, externalization of membrane phospholipid phophatidylserine was detected by flow cytometry analysis. During the infection process, caspase 3-like protease activity was induced and the activity increased in a time dependent manner. Cellular DNA degradation was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Morphologic changes of the nucleus that included chromatin condensation and margination to the periphery of the nucleus were evident in electron microscopy analysis. These biochemical and morphologic changes demonstrated that, during PRV replication, the host cell was induced to undergo apoptosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Anim Husb & Vet Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 10 BP 2193 EP 2200 DI 10.1007/s007050070049 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 366PT UT WOS:000090014300015 PM 11087101 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Hammond, J Tousignant, ME Hammond, RW AF Zhao, Y Hammond, J Tousignant, ME Hammond, RW TI Development and evaluation of a complementation-dependent gene delivery system based on cucumber mosaic virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-TO-CELL; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; BUSHY STUNT VIRUS; MOVEMENT PROTEIN; CROSS-PROTECTION; COAT PROTEIN; VIRAL VECTOR; RNA; PLANTS; EXPRESSION AB To engineer cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Ix) into a gene vector, genome component RNA 3 of the virus,was modified and split into two subcomponents, RNA 3A and RNA 3B. In RNA 3A, the open reading frame of the movement protein (MP) was replaced by a reporter gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), to monitor virus replication and movement. In RNA 3B, the coat protein (CP) gene was eliminated and a multiple cloning site (MCS) was created for foreign gene insertion. Each sub-component alone is defective and relies on its companion sub-component to restore full RNA 3 function. The vector system was evaluated for its ability to deliver and express the bacterial beta -glucuronidase (GUS) gene and a modified bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein (BYMV-CP) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Results showed that the engineered virus was able to move from cell to cell in the inoculated leaf and enter the minor veins of the inoculated leaf. Foreign gene expression was detected in the inoculated leaves. However, intermolecular recombination between RNA 3A and 3B occurred frequently, preventing efficient systemic expression of the foreign gene(s). Modifications and further evaluations are being undertaken to improve the gene delivery system. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursey Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Rm 244,Bldg 011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 11 BP 2285 EP 2295 DI 10.1007/s007050070021 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 385RY UT WOS:000166018500005 PM 11205118 ER PT J AU Lin, XQ O'Reilly, KL Storz, J Purdy, CW Loan, RW AF Lin, XQ O'Reilly, KL Storz, J Purdy, CW Loan, RW TI Antibody responses to respiratory coronavirus infections of cattle during shipping fever pathogenesis SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE CORONAVIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; DISEASE; SERUM; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; NEUTROPHILS; COMPLEMENT; EXPRESSION; CALVES; GENOME AB Antibody responses against respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) infections were monitored in cattle from the onset of a naturally occurring severe skipping fever (SF) epizootic to complete recovery of affected cattle or fatal outcomes. The infection with RE CV was detected in nasal secretions of 86 cattle, and 81 of them developed acute respiratory tract disease, including fatal pneumonia. Cattle nasally shedding RBCV at the beginning of the epizootic experienced characteristic primary immune responses with specific antibodies for hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and spike (S) glycoproteins. Virus shedding in nasal secretions of the majority of the cattle ceased between days 7 and 14 with the appearance of HE- and S-specific antibodies. Nasal samples and lung tissues from 9 of the 10 fatal cases had high titers of RBCV, but these cattle had only IgM responses to RBCV infections. Cattle remaining negative in RBCV isolation tests entered this epizootic with antibodies against HE and S. Protection against respiratory tract disease was apparently associated with high level of opsonic and virus-neutralizing IgG2. The HE and S glycoproteins were recognized earliest by the bovine immune system while the N protein induced antibody responses during the later stage of initial infection and the early stage of reinfection. The membrane (M) glycoprotein was the least immunogenic of the major viral structural proteins. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. RP Storz, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 11 BP 2335 EP 2349 DI 10.1007/s007050070024 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 385RY UT WOS:000166018500008 PM 11205121 ER PT J AU Nemchinov, LG Liang, TJ Rifaat, MM Mazyad, HM Hadidi, A Keith, JM AF Nemchinov, LG Liang, TJ Rifaat, MM Mazyad, HM Hadidi, A Keith, JM TI Development of a plant-derived subunit vaccine candidate against hepatitis C virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN-B SUBUNIT; HYPERVARIABLE REGION-1; HYPERIMMUNE SERUM; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIBODIES; CHIMPANZEES; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis with over 180 million cases worldwide. Vaccine development for HCV has been difficult. Presently, the virus cannot be grown in tissue culture and there is no vaccine or effective therapy against this virus. In this research, we describe the development of an experimental plant-derived subunit vaccine against HCV. A tobamoviral vector was engineered to encode a consensus sequence of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV, genetically fused to the C-terminal of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB). This epitope was selected from among the amino acid sequences of HVR1 "mimotopes" previously derived by phage display technology. The nucleotide sequence encoding this epitope was designed utilizing optimal plant codons. This mimotope is capable of inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies against different variants of the virus. Plants infected with recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) engineered to express the HVR1/CTB chimeric protein, contained intact TMV particles and produced the HVR1 consensus peptide fused to the functionally active, pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin. Plant-derived HVR1/CTB reacted with HVR1-specific monoclonal antibodies and immune sera from individuals infected with virus from four of the major genotypes of HCV. Intranasal immunization of mice with a crude plant extract containing the recombinant HVR1/CTB protein elicited both anti-CTB serum antibody and anti-HVR1 serum antibody which specifically bound to HCV virus-like particles. Using plant-virus transient expression to produce this unique chimeric antigen will facilitate the development and production of an experimental HCV vaccine. A plant-derived recombinant HCV vaccine can potentially reduce expenses normally associated with production and delivery of conventional vaccines. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, Liver Dis Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Agr Res Ctr, Plant Pathol Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemchinov, LG (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Vaccine & Therapeut Dev Sect, Oral Infect & Immun Branch, NIH, 30 Convent Dr MSC 4350, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 66 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2000 VL 145 IS 12 BP 2557 EP 2573 DI 10.1007/s007050070008 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 399RZ UT WOS:000166827300008 PM 11205105 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Erbe, EF AF Raina, AK Wergin, WP Murphy, CA Erbe, EF TI Structural organization of the sex pheromone gland in Helicoverpa zea in relation to pheromone production and release SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone gland; morphology; low temperature SEM; ultrastructure ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; NI HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; NOCTUIDAE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROPEPTIDE AB Morphological location of the sex pheromone producing area in the ovipositor of the female corn earworm Helicoverpa ten. was correlated with gas chromatographic analysis of the extracted pheromone. Histological studies showed that the pheromone gland occupied an almost complete ring of specialized columnar cells between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. Ultrastructure of the pheromone gland cells revealed distinct features such as microvilli, pockets of granular material, intercellular canals with;with ant desmosomes. Apparent changes in some of these features are associated with phases of pheromone production and non-production. Examination of the tissue with low temperature scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of excreted droplets at the tips of cuticular hairs in the glandular area during the period of pheromone production. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 4 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1467-8039(01)00014-7 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 446VE UT WOS:000169534200007 PM 18088939 ER PT J AU Russell, JB AF Russell, JB TI Hay, grain, and E-coli revisited SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD JAN PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 275CC UT WOS:000084801000001 ER PT J AU Musselman, RC Minnick, TJ AF Musselman, RC Minnick, TJ TI Nocturnal stomatal conductance and ambient air quality standards for ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE detoxification; diurnal; flux; nighttime; pollution ID PICEA-ABIES L; CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GAS-EXCHANGE; HYBRID POPLAR; ASCORBIC-ACID; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS AB Vegetation response to ozone depends on ozone conductance into leaves and the defensive action inside the leaf. Ozone parameters currently used for air quality standards do not incorporate conductance or defensive components. Nighttime flux has often been ignored in ozone metrics relating to plant response, since ozone concentration and conductance are considered to be minimal at night. However, ozone concentration can remain relatively high at night, particularly in mountainous areas. Although conductance is lower at night than during the day for most plants, nocturnal conductance can result in considerable ozone flux into plants. Further, plants can be more susceptible to ozone exposure at night than during the daytime, a result of lower plant defenses at night. Any ozone metric used to relate air quality to plant response should use a 24 h ozone exposure period to include the nighttime exposures. It should also incorporate plant defensive mechanisms or their surrogate. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 150 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 719 EP 733 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00355-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275LK UT WOS:000084821500005 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Stefanski, LA AF Heagle, AS Stefanski, LA TI Relationships between ambient ozone regimes and white clover forage production using different ozone exposure indexes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indicator plants; plant stress; exposure form; exposure index; ozone effects; air pollution; ozone ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; VEGETATION; SYSTEM; YIELD AB Plant responses to seasonal exposure to tropospheric ozone (O-3) are mediated by interactions with physical and genetic factors that complicate attempts to develop a measure of O-3 exposure (exposure index) that best relates to plant response. Dozens of exposure indexes have been tested for best fit to yield response data from open-top chamber studies. These tests have limited applicability because of possible confounding caused by variability in experimental protocols used in chamber dose-response studies. A 2-yr study in ambient air at eight locations in the USA measured relative effects of ambient O-3 On forage weight of a sensitive (NC-S) and a resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover. Protocols included uniform growth medium, irrigation, exposure duration and genetics (clones). Plants were harvested to determine NC-S/NC-R forage biomass ratios after each of four 28-day periods. High ratios indicated low O-3 concentrations, and low ratios indicated high concentrations. We used these results in attempts to identify the relative suitability of several exposure indexes in defining O-3 exposure-forage biomass relationships. Indexes were calculated using combinations of O-3 exposure forms (SUM00, SUM06, W95, W126, and AOT04), diurnal and seasonal accumulating times and harvests. Squared correlations (r(2)'s) between the index and biomass ratio were used as a general indication of relative suitability of the different indexes. Squared correlations were much higher for indexes coupled with harvests 2, 3 and 4, than for harvest 1. Even higher r(2)'s occurred for indexes coupled with the combined mean forage ratio for harvests 2, 3 and 4. Squared correlations were most sensitive to the choice of hourly averaging times. Lowest r(2)'s occurred for the 24 h accumulating period, much higher r(2)'s occurred for the 12 h daylight period, and the highest r(2)'s occurred for periods of 6 h or less during midday, regardless of all other factors. The exposure form was important only for 24 h indexes for which SUM00 gave the lowest r(2)'s. All forms, including SUM00, produced similarly high r(2)'s for 6, 5, and 4 h midday accumulating times. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 735 EP 744 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00354-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275LK UT WOS:000084821500006 ER PT J AU Massman, WJ Musselman, RC Lefohn, AS AF Massman, WJ Musselman, RC Lefohn, AS TI A conceptual ozone dose-response model to develop a standard to protect vegetation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality standards; injury; damage; dose; exposure; dry deposition; ozone ID PLANT-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; ADVERSE CROP RESPONSE; DRY DEPOSITION; AMBIENT OZONE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EDDY-CORRELATION; EXPOSURE AB The present air quality standard to protect vegetation from ozone is based on a measured concentration (i.e., exposure) rather than on plant uptake rates (or dose). Proposed exposure-based standards have led to concerns about the appropriateness of chamber studies. There has also been some debate about the importance of the diel phase difference between plant conductance and ozone concentration in assessing the potential for plant damage. In this paper, we use physical reasoning based on (i) plant defenses and (ii) general resistance concepts of dry deposition to derive a suggested general form of a dose-based standard. The dose-based standard is then related to the more traditional exposure-based standard. Although we develop the model in terms of plant injury, we also discuss how the model can be extended to include damage, which historically has been the focus of air quality standards. With this new dose-based approach, we clarify some of the issues concerning chambers and the interaction of the daily cycles of ozone concentration and plant stomatal conductance. We further demonstrate that ii) weighted fluxes can be used as a surrogate for plant defenses, (ii) injury or damage to vegetation is more likely to be correlated with a dose-based index that differentially weights ambient ozone concentration or plant uptake rates than one which does not, (iii) the potential for ozone injury or damage to plants can occur throughout the day, and (iv) when assessing the potential for plant damage, a differentially weighted flux-based standard is likely to be more precise and more discriminating than a cumulative ozone-based exposure index. Finally, because our basic premise relies on plant defensive mechanisms, we outline areas of research that are necessary before a dose-based standard can be implemented. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. NR 57 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00395-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275LK UT WOS:000084821500007 ER PT J AU Choi, J Conklin, MH Bales, RC Sommerfeld, RA AF Choi, J Conklin, MH Bales, RC Sommerfeld, RA TI Experimental investigation of SO2 uptake in snow SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE experiments; deposition velocity; acid snow; exposure time ID GASEOUS DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ICE; MODEL; CO2; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; N2O; CH4; NO2 AB We conducted a series of bench-top experiments to examine accumulation of acidity in temperate snowpacks due to the deposition of SO2. To achieve this, SO2 at concentrations of 45-85 ppbv was allowed to diffuse into containers of snow at 0 degrees C for varying lengths of time, from 6 to 46 h. Depth profiles of dissolved total sulfur (S(IV) + S(VI)) in the snow were measured and modeled with a coupled diffusion and chemical reaction transport model. Measured deposition velocities decreased from 0.06 to 0.03 cm s(-1) for increasing exposure times of 6 to 46 h. Simulations matched measured total sulfur depth profiles for liquid-water mass fractions in the snow of 0.07 for 6 h, increasing to 0.15 for 46 h of exposure. Multi-parametric sensitivity analysis indicates that deposition velocity is extremely sensitive to liquid water mass fraction. Modeling also shows that the decrease in deposition velocity with exposure time can be attributed to reduced solubility of SO2 as the pH in the liquid water mass fraction decreased. These results suggest that clean snow is the most effective scavenger of SO2. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00286-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275LK UT WOS:000084821500010 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Civerolo, KL Rao, ST Sistla, G Luley, CJ Crane, DE AF Nowak, DJ Civerolo, KL Rao, ST Sistla, G Luley, CJ Crane, DE TI A modeling study of the impact of urban trees on ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE urban forestry; air quality modeling; photochemistry; urban meteorology; biogenic hydrocarbons; dry deposition ID ESTIMATING COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RESIDENTIAL YARD TREES; IMPROVING AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; EXISTING MODELS; EMISSIONS; DEPOSITION; HYDROCARBONS; SACRAMENTO; CALIFORNIA AB Modeling the effects of increased urban tree cover on ozone concentrations (July 13-15, 1995) from Washington, DC, to central Massachusetts reveals that urban trees generally reduce ozone concentrations in cities, but tend to increase average ozone concentrations in the overall modeling domain. During the daytime, average ozone reductions in urban areas (1 ppb) were greater than the average ozone increase (0.26 ppb) for the model domain. Interactions of the effects of trees on meteorology, dry deposition, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and anthropogenic emissions demonstrate that trees can cause changes in dry deposition and meteorology, particularly air temperatures, wind fields, and boundary layer heights, which, in turn, affect ozone concentrations. Changes in urban tree species composition had no detectable effect on ozone concentrations. Increasing urban tree cover from 20 to 40% led to an average decrease in hourly ozone concentrations in urban areas during daylight hours of 1 ppb (2.4%) with a peak decrease of 2.4 ppb (4.1 %). However, nighttime (20:00-1:00 EST) ozone concentrations increased due to reduced wind speeds and loss of NOx scavenging of ozone from increased deposition of NOx. Overall, 8-hour average ozone concentration in urban areas dropped by 0.5 ppb (1%) throughout the day. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Bur Air Res, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. Davey Resource Grp, Naples, NY 14512 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 36 TC 79 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00394-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295YC UT WOS:000085995400010 ER PT J AU Civerolo, KL Sistla, G Rao, ST Nowak, DJ AF Civerolo, KL Sistla, G Rao, ST Nowak, DJ TI The effects of land use in meteorological modeling: implications for assessment of future air quality scenarios SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE meteorological modeling; urban vegetation; photochemistry; land use ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; ST-LOUIS; URBAN; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; IMPACTS; TESTS AB In recent years, there has been an increased use of prognostic meteorological models to assess current and future air quality related problems. Often, these meteorological models are applied in their forecasting mode with current land use/land cover patterns and data assimilation techniques to generate historical meteorological data for use in air quality models. In this study, we examined the sensitivity of land use/land cover on the predicted meteorological fields, and the implications for examining air quality in a future year. A community-based mesoscale meteorological model (MM5-Version 1) was applied to the northeastern US urban corridor under two scenarios, one with the existing land use/land cover (base case), and the second reflecting a hypothetical change in about 40% of the base case urban grid cells to deciduous forest. A comparison of the two meteorological fields reveals substantial localized differences in surface temperature and zonal wind speeds. These findings suggest reevaluation of the practice of using historical meteorological fields to assess future air quality, especially if one expects large changes in land use patterns. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. USDA Forest Serv, NE Resource Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Civerolo, KL (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. OI Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00393-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295YC UT WOS:000085995400011 ER PT J AU Zeller, K Harrington, D Riebau, A Donev, E AF Zeller, K Harrington, D Riebau, A Donev, E TI Annual wet and dry deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the snowy range, Wyoming SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen deposition; sulfur deposition; wet deposition; dry deposition; atmospheric deposition ID AIR-POLLUTION STATUS; NITRATE; SULFATE; FOREST AB The collocation of three national networked programs NADP, EPA's CASTNET, and the Forest Service's IMPROVE Module A, within a few hundred meters of each other in the pristine Medicine Bow forest of Wyoming has made it possible to assess the total amount of sulfur and nitrogen deposition, both wet and dry for this alpine/subalpine ecosystem. Additional sites within a few kilometers add spatial depth to this study. Wet deposition assessed using NADP data accounts for 1 to a little over 3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for both nitrogen and sulfur; however, annual trends for the two species differ. Dry deposition assessed using both CASTNET (a.k.a. NDDN) and IMPROVE (for sulfur) indicates 1-2 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for nitrogen but less than 1 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for sulfur. The overall trend of wet plus dry for nitrogen has been downward from 5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 1989 to 3.6 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in 1994, while varying between 2 and under 4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) for sulfur. This paper introduces the sites and presents the three programs and the analysis approach. Spatial comparisons between sites are investigated. Weekly data are analyzed from three NADP sites, separated horizontally 6.8 and 2.4 km and vertically 430 and 98 m from the highest elevation site. The site comparisons demonstrate that winter season data requires careful analysis due to the Vagaries of inefficient precipitation collection during high winds and snow fall. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1703 EP 1711 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00429-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299JM UT WOS:000086195400005 ER PT J AU Hobson, KA Brua, RB Hohman, WL Wassenaar, LI AF Hobson, KA Brua, RB Hohman, WL Wassenaar, LI TI Low frequency of "double molt" of remiges in Ruddy Ducks revealed by stable isotopes: Implications for tracking migratory waterfowl SO AUK LA English DT Article ID WING MOLT; FEATHERS; BIRDS AB Ratios of the stable carbon (delta(13)C) and hydrogen (delta D) isotopes in newly grown remiges of Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) are influenced by the isotopic character of food types and ambient water. Systematic isotopic foodweb and water differences between coastal wintering grounds and prairie breeding grounds of Ruddy Ducks provide the basis for using isotopic analyses of feathers to trace the location and timing of molt. Anecdotal evidence, based largely on captive birds, suggests that Ruddy Ducks replace their remiges twice each year (once each on the breeding and wintering grounds), but a recent literature analysis indicates that this phenomenon is rare. Thus, we investigated the extent to which a biannual molt of the remiges occurs in the wild and at the population level. We analyzed the stable isotopes of carbon (n = 57 birds) and hydrogen (n = 50 birds) in flight feathers to estimate the prevalence of the so-called "double molt" of remiges in free-living Ruddy Ducks. Our data showed that natural populations of Ruddy Ducks express an overwhelming unimodal distribution of isotope ratios in their remiges, suggesting that they undergo a single molt at or near the breeding grounds. Only 3 to 6 of 50 birds from Manitoba showed isotopic evidence consistent with growing remiges on the wintering grounds. Feathers from Ruddy Ducks harvested during the fall in the Mississippi Flyway had isotopic profiles consistent with growth on northern freshwater breeding sites. Thus, our results confirm that the replacement of remiges twice each year by Ruddy Ducks is rare, and they suggest that this dual stable-isotope technique can be used to infer general molting origins of North American waterfowl. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Wildlife Habitat Management Inst, USDA,NRCS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Hobson, KA (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RI Wassenaar, Leonard/B-5996-2013; OI Wassenaar, Leonard/0000-0001-5532-0771 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2000 VL 117 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0129:LFODMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 276WB UT WOS:000084900400013 ER PT J AU Nasir, M Bretag, TW Kaiser, WJ Meredith, KA Brouwer, JB AF Nasir, M Bretag, TW Kaiser, WJ Meredith, KA Brouwer, JB TI Screening chickpea germplasm for ascochyta blight resistance SO AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta rabiei; mating types ID RABIEI; VIRULENCE; DIDYMELLA AB The ascochyta blight resistance of 14 chickpea cultivars, 29 imported chickpea lines and 38 local breeding lines to four Australian isolates of Ascochyta rabiei was investigated. Each isolate was tested individually on each chickpea genotype. There were no differences between the four isolates in their pathogenicity. However, there were large differences between chickpea genotypes in the expression of disease symptoms. All of the Australian chickpea cultivars tested were susceptible to A. rabiei. Seven imported lines and three local breeding lines were found to be resistant to A. rabiei. The eight isolates of A. rabiei tested in these studies were all the same mating type, i.e. MAT1-1. C1 Australia Quarantine & Inspect Serv, Dept Primary Ind & Energy, Plant Quarantine Policy Branch, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Victorian Inst Dryland Agr, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Horsham, Vic 3401, Australia. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bretag, TW (reprint author), Australia Quarantine & Inspect Serv, Dept Primary Ind & Energy, Plant Quarantine Policy Branch, GPO 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY SOCIETY INC PI QUEENSLAND PA CO/DR R L DODMAN, BUS MANAGER, 32 RANGE ST, TOOWOOMBA, QUEENSLAND, 4350, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-3191 J9 AUSTRALAS PLANT PATH JI Austral. Plant Pathol. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1071/AP00018 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 331WD UT WOS:000088040900005 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Teasdale, JR AF Ziska, LH Teasdale, JR TI Sustained growth and increased tolerance to glyphosate observed in a C-3 perennial weed, quackgrass (Elytrigia repens), grown at elevated carbon dioxide SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CO2 concentration; glyphosate; quackgrass; tolerance ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE; PLANTS; CROP AB Although the response of crop plants to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([ CO2]) has been well characterized, little is known concerning the long-term growth and/or photosynthetic response of perennial weeds. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of three cohorts of a perennial C-3 weedy species, quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) were examined at similar to 380 mu mol mol(-1) (ambient) and 720 mu mol mol(-1) (elevated) [CO2] in temperature-controlled greenhouses during 1998 and early 1999. Different cohorts were used to assess the sensitivity of growth, photosynthesis and glyphosate tolerance to elevated [CO2] for different stages in the life cycle of quackgrass. For the 'old' cohort, planted on Day of Year (DOY) 187, elevated [CO2] resulted in a consistent stimulation of single leaf photosynthesis, vegetative and whole plant biomass relative to the ambient [CO2] condition over a 231-d period. Data from the 'intermediate' (DOY 268) and 'young' cohorts (DOY 350) indicated that the stimulation of biomass at the elevated [CO2] was time-dependent. To determine if the observed stimulation of growth at elevated [CO2] altered tolerance to chemical weed control, glyphosate [( N-phosphonomethyl) glycine] was applied to each cohort and each [CO2] treatment at rates of 0 (control) and 2.24 kg ai ha(-1) (sprayed). Tolerance was determined by following the growth and slope of each cohort at the growth [CO2] treatment for a 28-d period following glyphosate application. For the young cohort, [CO2] had no affect on glyphosate tolerance; however, an application rate of 2.24 kg ai ha(-1), reduced but did not eliminate growth for the intermediate and old cohorts grown at elevated [CO2]. The basis for increased glyphosate tolerance at elevated [CO2] for these cohorts was unclear, but was not related to plant size at the time of glyphosate application. Data from this experiment indicate that sustained stimulation of photosynthesis and growth in perennial weeds could occur as atmospheric [CO2] increases, with a reduction in chemical control effectiveness and potential increases in weed/crop competition. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Weed Sci Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Bldg 046A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 21 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 300HB UT WOS:000086246100009 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Albert, HH Moore, PH AF Zhu, YJ Albert, HH Moore, PH TI Differential expression of soluble acid invertase genes in the shoots of high-sucrose and low-sucrose species of Saccharum and their hybrids SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mRNA; Saccharum officinarum; Saccharum robustum; soluble acid invertase; sucrose accumulation; sugarcane ID SUGARCANE STEM; CHENOPODIUM-RUBRUM; DAUCUS-CAROTA; D-GLUCOSE; ACCUMULATION; TISSUES; STORAGE; PURIFICATION; TRANSPORT; INDUCTION AB The hydrolytic activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI) is strongly correlated to sucrose accumulation in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Plants exhibiting SAI activity above a low threshold level do not accumulate high concentrations of sucrose. The present work investigates the basis for the difference in SAI activity observed between high- and low-sucrose-accumulating sugarcane lines. SAI-encoding cDNAs were isolated from two high- and one low-sucrose lines. All of these cDNAs were highly similar, with deduced proteins at least 98% identical. Expression of SAI in the stem of sugarcane was developmentally regulated, with relatively larger pools of SAI protein and mRNA in the apex and young internodes, which declined rapidly in the maturing internodes where sucrose accumulation occurs. This developmental pattern, while qualitatively similar, was quantitatively quite different between low- and high-sucrose lines. SAI protein and mRNA pools started substantially higher, declined later, and stabilized at a significantly higher level in a low-sucrose line than in a high- sucrose line. These data indicate that differences in SAI activity between high- and low-sucrose sugarcane lines are due, at least in part, to differences in the level of expression of essentially identical SAI genes. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. USDA ARS, HHA & PHM, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Albert, HH (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 300HC UT WOS:000086246200002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Caulfield, FA AF Ziska, LH Caulfield, FA TI Rising CO2 and pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a known allergy-inducing species: implications for public health SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergens; elevated carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; pollen; relative growth rate ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; ENRICHMENT; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WEEDS AB Although environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature are recognized as influencing pollen production, the impact of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([ CO2]) on the potential growth and pollen production of hay- fever- inducing plants is unknown. Here we present measurements of growth and pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) from pre- industrial [CO2] (280 mu mol mol(-1)) to current concentrations (370 mu mol mol(-1)) to a projected 21st century concentration (600 mu mol mol(-1)). We found that exposure to current and elevated [CO2] increased ragweed pollen production by 131 and 320%, respectively, compared to plants grown at pre- industrial [CO2]. The observed stimulations of pollen production from the pre- industrial [CO2] were due to an increase in the number (at 370 mu mol mol(-1)) and number and size (at 600 mu mol mol(-1)) of floral spikes. Overall, floral weight as a percentage of total plant weight decreased (from 21% to 13%), while investment in pollen increased (from 3.6 to 6%) between 280 and 600 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Our results suggest that the continuing increase in atmospheric [CO2] could directly influence public health by stimulating the growth and pollen production of allergy- inducing species such as ragweed. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 046A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 112 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 21 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 893 EP 898 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362QU UT WOS:000089790400002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA TI Sensitivity of field-grown soybean to future atmospheric CO2: selection for improved productivity in the 21st century SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CO2 partial pressure; soybean; genotypic variation; seed yield ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; CULTIVARS; PLANTS; YIELD AB Although genotypic differences among soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars in their response to future CO2 partial pressures have been observed in the glasshouse, it is unclear if similar responses would occur among cultivars when grown under field conditions at normal stand densities. To determine variation in the sensitivity of soybean growth and seed yield to CO2, we grew two contrasting cultivars of the same maturity group, Ripley (semi- dwarf, determinate) and Spencer (standard, indeterminate), to reproductive maturity at ambient and elevated (30 Pa above ambient) CO2 partial pressures for two field seasons. Spencer had been previously selected in glasshouse trials as responsive to increased CO2. Significant cultivar x CO2 interaction was observed for both vegetative biomass and seed yield, with Spencer demonstrating a consistently greater yield enhancement at elevated CO2 than Ripley (60 vs 35%, respectively). Differences in CO2 sensitivity between cultivars were not evident in measurements of single leaf photosynthesis taken during anthesis, nor early or late pod-fill. Analysis of reproductive characteristics indicated that the sensitivity of the seed yield response to CO2 in Spencer was associated with the ability to form additional seed on axillary branches in response to elevated CO2. Data from this experiment suggest that screening of soybean germplasm at the glasshouse level, when combined with field trials, may be an effective strategy to begin selecting soybean lines that will maximize yield in a future, higher CO2 environment. C1 ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Bldg 046A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 979 EP 984 DI 10.1071/PP00043 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362QU UT WOS:000089790400012 ER PT J AU Ma, HM Albert, HH Paull, R Moore, PH AF Ma, HM Albert, HH Paull, R Moore, PH TI Metabolic engineering of invertase activities in different subcellular compartments affects sucrose accumulation in sugarcane cells SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mRNA; Saccharum officinarum L.; Saccharum robustum L.; soluble acid invertase; sucrose accumulation; sugarcane ID YEAST-DERIVED INVERTASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; SINK-SOURCE INTERACTIONS; APOPLASTIC INVERTASE; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER; CHENOPODIUM-RUBRUM; WALL INVERTASE; EXPRESSION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STEM AB Transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) lines were created to express altered invertase isoform activity to elucidate the role(s) of invertase in the sucrose accumulation process. A sugarcane soluble acid invertase cDNA (SCINVm, AF062734) in the antisense orientation was used to decrease invertase activity. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene (SUC2), fused with appropriate targeting elements, was used to increase invertase activity in the apoplast, cytoplasm and vacuole. A callus/liquid culture system was established to evaluate change in invertase activity and sugar concentration in the transgenic lines. Increased invertase activity in the apoplast led to rapid hydrolysis of sucrose and rapid increase of hexose in the medium. The cellular hexose content increased dramatically and the sucrose level decreased. Cells with higher cytoplasmic invertase activity did not show a significant change in the sugar composition in the medium, but did significantly reduce the sucrose content in the cells. Transformation with the sugarcane antisense acid invertase gene produced a cell line with moderate inhibition of soluble acid invertase activity and a 2-fold increase in sucrose accumulation. Overall, intracellular and extracellular sugar composition was very sensitive to the change in invertase activities. Lowering acid invertase activity increased sucrose accumulation. C1 ARS, USDA, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Moore, PH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1021 EP 1030 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369NG UT WOS:000165072900004 ER PT J AU Pritchard, SG Ju, ZL van Santen, E Qiu, JS Weaver, DB Prior, SA Rogers, HH AF Pritchard, SG Ju, ZL van Santen, E Qiu, JS Weaver, DB Prior, SA Rogers, HH TI The influence of elevated CO2 on the activities of antioxidative enzymes in two soybean genotypes SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidative enzymes; elevated CO2; soybean genotypes ID PICEA-ABIES L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DROUGHT STRESS; SEED YIELD; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; OZONE AB The effects of elevated compared to current atmospheric CO2 concentration (720 and 365 muL L-1, respectively) on antioxidative enzymatic activities of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes (R and S) grown in open-top field chambers were investigated. Enzymatic activities of leaves collected 40, 47, 54 and 61 d after planting were measured. Elevated CO2 significantly decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione peroxidase (GPOD, EC 1.11.1.9) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in both genotypes. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR, EC 1.1.5.4.) increased in genotype S, but decreased in genotype R under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 decreased rubisco activity and rubisco, chlorophyll, carotenoids and total soluble protein contents in both genotypes. Results indicate that constitutive antioxidative enzymatic activities may decrease in a high-CO2 world. Significant CO2 x genotype interactions, however, suggest that there may be key genotypic differences in response patterns, potentially conferring differential resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. LI COR Inc, Div Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pritchard, SG (reprint author), ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, 302 W I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1071/PP99206 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369NG UT WOS:000165072900008 ER PT J AU Perdue, ML Suarez, DL Swayne, DE AF Perdue, ML Suarez, DL Swayne, DE TI Avian influenza in the 1990s SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Avian influenza; viral evolution; virulence shifts; hemagglutinin ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; HIGHLY PATHOGENIC VIRUS; A VIRUS; MOLECULAR-CHANGES; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; WILD DUCKS; HONG-KONG; 83 H5N2; CHICKENS; EVOLUTION AB Avian influenza (Al) viruses comprise the vast majority of the type A Orthomyxoviridae. Evolution has produced an enormous array of viral antigenic subtypes and variants based upon the structure of the two surface glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). These viruses appear to be perpetuated in nature in a select few wild avian species, but some strains are capable of sporadic and unpredictable entry into other animal populations, including humans. The fate of these occasional entries is likewise unpredictable, and investigators are left only with retrospective analysis. It is clear, however, that Al viruses (or some of their genes) have fixed themselves into circulating lineages in some mammalian hosts. In birds, particularly commercial poultry, Al can undergo a dramatic shift and take the unique form of a highly lethal and systemic disease. This has happened at least eight times in this decade on four different continents. In this review we explore these outbreaks and what we have learned from them regarding virulence acquisition and interspecies transmission. We further attempt to explore the implications of these outbreaks for the future of both avian and non-avian species and discuss current methods of diagnosis and control of Al. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 104 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81,, NORTHWOOD HA6 3DN, MIDDX, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 337KK UT WOS:000088357000001 ER PT J AU Augustine, PC AF Augustine, PC TI Cellular invasion by avian Eimeria species SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; coccidia; sporozoite; cell invasion; mechanism of invasion; motility; immunity; site specificity ID CULTURED-CELLS; HYBRIDOMA ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TURKEY COCCIDIA; IN-VITRO; SPOROZOITES; TENELLA; IMMUNITY; CHICKEN; APICOMPLEXA AB Invasion of an appropriate host cell by sporozoites of avian Eimeria species is the first step in the establishment of coccidial infection, The invasion process is a multi-step event that begins with the contact of the apical end of the initial invasive stage (sporozoite) with the host cell membrane and culminates with the sealing of the sporozoite in a vacuole within the cell, Sporozoite motility appears to be essential for cell invasion because chilling or metabolic poisoning of the host cell has little effect on numbers of intracellular sporozoites, whereas similar treatment of the sporozoite markedly reduces the numbers that invade. Sporozoites of each species of Eimeria invade narrowly defined, specific sites in the intestines of the natural and foreign host birds. The predilection for different sites by Eimeria species has been attributed to a number of traits including (1) excystation time and (2) the presence of common antigens in the sporozoite and the host cell, possibly incorporated into reciprocal receptor or recognition molecules that mediate the invasion process. Evidence for the existence of recognition molecules on the host cell is provided by extensive studies that show that sporozoite invasion can be inhibited with a variety of compounds that selectively neutralize, bind, or cleave specific host cell surface moieties. The existence of sporozoite receptors is suggested by their possession of lectins with sugar affinities that correlate with specific glycoconjugates in the intestine, and by the ability of monoclonal antibodies, developed against putative receptors, to inhibit sporozoite invasion. Sporozoites also secrete a variety of molecules, including proteinases and thrombospondin-like compounds, which may aid in attachment to the host cell or to invagination of the host cell membrane which contributes to the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Augustine, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81,, NORTHWOOD HA6 3DN, MIDDX, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 341JB UT WOS:000088586300004 ER PT J AU Pecelunas, K Danforth, HD Schildknecht, EG Davis, S AF Pecelunas, K Danforth, HD Schildknecht, EG Davis, S TI Efficacy evaluation of lasalocid plus roxarsone combination medication with different geographic field strains of Eimeria acervulina SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE medication; coccidia; avian; control; anticoccidial AB Performance of broiler chickens medicated with lasalocid alone (at 125 ppm) or in combination with roxarsone (at 50 ppm) was evaluated in battery and floorpen trials after challenge with geographically different field strains of coccidia containing predominately the upper intestinal species Eimeria acervulina. No significant difference in bird performance measured at 6 days postinfection (PI) was observed between lasalocid plus roxarsone-medicated (L+RM) or lasalocid-medicated (LM) birds challenged in separate battery trials with mixed-species inocula from Alabama or Georgia containing 92% or 88% E. acervulina, respectively. In contrast, L+RM birds challenged in another battery trial with a Louisiana mixed-species inoculum containing 92% E. acervulina showed significant reduction in average weight gain at 6 days PI compared with LM-challenged birds. A floorpen trial done with the same Louisiana inoculum showed significant reduction in average bird weight gain at 27 and 35 days of age (6 and 14 days PI) for L+RM-challenged birds compared with both unmedicated-nonchallenged (UMNC) control and LM-challenged birds. The LM+R groups were significantly lower in average bird weight at 27 days of age than the unmedicated-challenged controls. Feed conversions (FCs) for L+RM birds were significantly higher than those for the UMNC control birds during time of challenge (21-27 days of age) and for the 1-to-27-day-of-age time period. No significant difference in FC was seen between the UMNC and LM groups. Results of this study showed that performance of broiler birds medicated with lasalocid plus roxarsone could vary for geographically different mixed-species challenge inocula that contained predominately E. acervulina. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Roche Vitamins Inc, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. RP Danforth, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, LPSI, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.2307/1592501 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 343MY UT WOS:000088707200001 PM 10737638 ER PT J AU Panigrahy, B Senne, DA Pedersen, JC Gidlewski, T Edson, RK AF Panigrahy, B Senne, DA Pedersen, JC Gidlewski, T Edson, RK TI Experimental and serologic observations on Avian pneumovirus (APV/turkey/Colorado/97) infection in turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian pneumovirus/Colorado; APV/Colorado; turkey rhinotracheitis; serosurveillance ID ANTIGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RHINOTRACHEITIS AB An avian pneumovirus (ATV) was isolated from commercial turkeys in Colorado (APV/Colorado) showing clinical signs of a respiratory disease. The results of virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody tests showed that the APV/Colorado was partially related to APV subgroup A but was unrelated to APV subgroup B. Turkeys experimentally inoculated with the APV/Colorado were observed for signs, lesions, seroconversion, and virus shedding. Thirty-six 7-wk-old turkeys were distributed into three groups. Eighteen turkeys were inoculated oculonasally with APV/Colorado, six were placed in contact at 1 day postinoculation (DPI), and 12 served as noninoculated controls. Tracheal swabs and blood samples were collected at 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 DPI. Tissues were collected from three inoculated and two control turkeys on aforementioned days for pathologic examination and APV isolation. Inoculated turkeys developed respiratory disease, yielded APV at 3, 5, and 7 DPI, and seroconverted at 10 DPI. Contact turkeys yielded APV at 7 and 10 DPI. No gross lesions were observed in the turbinates, infraorbital sinuses, and trachea. However, microscopic examination revealed acute rhinitis, sinusitis, and tracheitis manifested by congestion, edema, lymphocytic and heterophilic infiltration, and loss of ciliated epithelia. The inflammatory lesions were seen at 3 DPI and became extensive at 5 and 7 DPI. Active regenerative changes in the epithelia were seen at 10 and 14 DPI. Serologic survey for the presence of antibodies in commercial turkeys (24,504 sera from 18 states) and chickens (3,517 sera from 12 stares) to APV/Colorado showed seropositive turkeys in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota and no seropositive chickens. This report is the first on the isolation of an APV and APV infection in the United States. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Wampler Foods Inc, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. RP Panigrahy, B (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 1800 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.2307/1592503 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 343MY UT WOS:000088707200003 PM 10737640 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Beck, JR Kinney, N AF Swayne, DE Beck, JR Kinney, N TI Failure of a recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine containing an avian influenza hemagglutinin gene to provide consistent protection against influenza in chickens preimmunized with a fowl pox vaccine SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza; vaccine; fowl pox; chickens; recombinant vaccine; biotechnology; highly pathogenic ID VIRUS; H5N2; EFFICACY; IMMUNITY; ORIGIN AB Vaccines against mildly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) have been used in turkeys within the United States as part of a comprehensive control strategy. Recently, AI vaccines have been used in control programs against highly pathogenic (HP) Al of chickens in Pakistan and Mexico. A recombinant fowl pox-AI hemagglutinin subtype (H) 5 gene insert vaccine has been shown to protect specific-pathogen-free chickens from HP H5 AI virus (AIV) challenge and has been licensed by the USDA for emergency use. The ability of the recombinant fowl pox vaccine to protect chickens preimmunized against fowl pox is unknown. In the current study, broiler breeders (BB) and white leghorn (WL) pullets vaccinated with a control fowl poxvirus vaccine (FP-C) and/or a recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine containing an H5 hemagglutinin gene insert (FP-HA) were challenged with a E-IP H5N2 AIV isolated from chickens in Mexico. When used alone, the FP-HA vaccine protected BE and WL chickens from lethal challenge, but when given as a secondary vaccine after a primary FP-C immunization, protection against a HP AIV challenge was inconsistent. Both vaccines protected against virulent fowl pox challenge. This lack of consistent protection against HPAI may limit use to chickens without previous fowl pox vaccinations. In addition, prior exposure to field fowl poxvirus could be expected to limit protection induced by this vaccine. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Merial Select Inc, Gainesville, GA 30501 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 18 TC 69 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.2307/1592516 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 343MY UT WOS:000088707200016 PM 10737653 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Nestor, KE Kunkle, RA AF Sacco, RE Nestor, KE Kunkle, RA TI Genetic variation in response of turkeys to experimental infection with Bordetella avium SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkeys; genetic lines; Bordetella avium; susceptibility ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS AB One hundred ninety-six male and female turkeys representing two genetic lines were experimentally infected with Bordetella avium. The lines of turkeys included a randombred control line (RBC2) and a subline (F) of RBC2 selected for increased 16-wk body weight. No difference was found between lines RBC2 and F in the number of days to onset of clinical signs, and no mortality due to B. avium infection was observed in either line. Interestingly, however, a significant depression (12%) occurred in body weight of F line poults infected with B. avium, but no significant depression occurred in body weight of RBC2 poults. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.2307/1592525 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 343MY UT WOS:000088707200025 PM 10737662 ER PT S AU Krause, CR Derksen, RC AF Krause, CR Derksen, RC GP BCPC BCPC TI Comparison of electrostatic and coldfog sprayers using cold field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis SO BCPC CONFERENCE: PESTS & DISEASES 2000, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Pests and Diseases CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council AB Handgun-type electrostatic and high-pressure coldfog sprayers were evaluated in a production greenhouse. Spray distribution and canopy penetration were evaluated using cold field emission scanning electron microscopy (CFESEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis. When both instruments are used together, the technique is termed as cold field emission electron beam analysis (CFE-EBA). This unique, alternative imaging assessment method improved clarity and resolution resulting in higher magnification of fungicide/tracer residue, not previously available with conventional thermionic scanning electron microscopes. The use of CFESEM minimised specimen preparation time by eliminating the need for coating and other histological procedures. CFE-EBA indicated that the electrostatic sprayer used in this study demonstrated superior coverage over that of the coldfog sprayer. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Krause, CR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0955-1506 BN 1-901396-57-6 J9 PROC BRIGHTON CROP PY 2000 VL 1-3 BP 1099 EP 1104 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BR55V UT WOS:000166809600169 ER PT J AU Wood, M AF Wood, M TI Beekeeper's opinions sought on new varroa software SO BEE WORLD LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wood, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 2000 VL 81 IS 4 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 393BE UT WOS:000166448600007 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ Francis, H AF Sikora, LJ Francis, H TI Building a pad from lime stabilized soil SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 429VT UT WOS:000168539200034 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ AF Bhathena, SJ TI Relationship between fatty acids and the endocrine system SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Food Factors (2nd ICoFF) CY DEC 12-17, 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; METABOLISM; ERYTHROCYTES; TISSUES AB Significant interactions exist between fatty acids and the endocrine system. Hormones affect the metabolism of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids. The principal hormones involved in lipid metabolism are insulin, glucagon, catecholamines. cortisol and growth hormone. The concentrations of these hormones are altered in chronic degenerative conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which in turn lead to alterations in tissue lipids. Lipogenesis and lipolysis, which modulate fatty acid concentrations in plasma and tissues, are under hormonal control. Neuropeptides are involved in lipid metabolism in brain and other tissues. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are also precursors for eicosanoids including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, which have hormone-like activities. Fatty acids in turn alter both hormone and neuropeptide concentrations and their receptors. Saturated and trans fatty acids (TFA) decrease insulin concentration leading to insulin resistance. In contrast, PUFA increase plasma insulin concentration and decrease insulin resistance. In humans, omega-3 PUFA alter the levels of opioid peptides in plasma. C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, BHNRC, Bldg 307,Rm 315, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-6433 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2000 VL 13 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 406XP UT WOS:000167241700007 PM 11237196 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Prohaska, JR AF Johnson, WT Prohaska, JR TI Gender influences the effect of perinatal copper deficiency on cerebellar PKC gamma content SO BIOFACTORS LA English DT Article DE copper deficiency; protein kinase C; cerebellum ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; RATS; ISOZYMES; MICE AB Change in cerebellar protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma) content caused by perinatal copper (Cu) deficiency was determined in 22-day old rats. The offspring of dams with low Cu intake during gestation and lactation exhibited signs characteristic of Cu deficiency including anemia, greater than 90% reduction in liver Cu concentration, and undetectable serum ceruloplasmin. In addition, brain Cu concentrations were reduced 80%. No differences in the signs of Cu deficiency were observed between female and male offspring. However, cerebellar PKC gamma content was reduced 54% (P<0.05, Tukey's test) in female offspring but only 18% (P>0.05) in male offspring. Following 6 weeks of Cu supplementation, brain Cu concentrations remained depressed in female and male rats that experienced perinatal Cu deficiency, but cerebellar PKC gamma content was completely restored to control levels. Postnatal expression of PKC gamma in the cerebellum coincides with and regulates cerebellar maturation. The results of the present study indicate perinatal Cu deficiency may impair cerebellar maturation to a greater extent in females than in males. However, it is not clear whether supression of PKC gamma by perinatal Cu deficiency produces permanent neuropathology in the cerebellum because the effects were reversed by Cu supplementation. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-6433 EI 1872-8081 J9 BIOFACTORS JI Biofactors PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 309WD UT WOS:000086791500002 PM 10875303 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE Huntington, TG Boone, RD AF Rustad, LE Huntington, TG Boone, RD TI Controls on soil respiration: Implications for climate change SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS FLUXES; CO2 EVOLUTION; FOREST SOIL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS C1 US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 47 TC 175 Z9 234 U1 6 U2 69 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1023/A:1006255431298 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 257WF UT WOS:000083804900001 ER PT J AU Soliman, KM Paladugu, M Devine, TE AF Soliman, KM Paladugu, M Devine, TE TI Linkage mapping of DNA markers generated with specific and non-specific gene primers in soybean SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; heat shock protein; homeobox; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); simple sequence repeat ID GLYCINE-MAX L; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; RFLP MARKERS; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; MICROSATELLITE; POTATO; RICE AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used extensively in the construction of linkage maps for many cultivated crops including soybean, [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. In this study, four sets of oligonucleotide primer pairs of known genes (pearl millet Adh 1, nodule specific proline-rich protein, Drosophila homeobox, heat shock protein), several different combinations from kits A, D, E, and J of arbitrary primers and five primer pairs of soybean simple sequence repeats of varying length (Satt 9, Satt 20, Satt 42, Satt 64, and Satt 30) were utilized in PCR to identify molecular markers which were then used to construct a genetic linkage map. DNA for the PCR reactions was isolated from 65 recombinant inbred soybean lines resulting from crossing PI 290,136 and BARC-2 (Rj(4)), followed by self-pollination for seven generations without selection. Mapmaker 3.0, a computer package, was used for construction of the linkage map. A total of 43 polymorphic markers were identified; 30 markers were linked and distributed among 5 linkage groups while 13 markers were unlinked. Arbitrary primers revealed more polymorphisms than specific primers. A combination of arbitrary primers A5 and A18 revealed the maximum number of polymorphic bands. Five observed linkage groups can be expanded in future soybean research by using additional markers. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Weed Sci Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Soliman, KM (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CZ-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1023/A:1026703823512 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353MU UT WOS:000089279700003 ER PT J AU Biles, CL Bruton, BD Zhang, JX Russo, V AF Biles, CL Bruton, BD Zhang, JX Russo, V TI Characterization of muskmelon fruit peroxidases at different developmental stages SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; chromatography; electrophoresis; host-plant resistance ID INDUCED RESISTANCE; CANTALOUPE FRUIT; CUCUMBER; ISOZYMES; ANTIOXIDANT; WATERMELON; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; PATHOGEN; ENZYMES AB An increase in exocarp peroxidase activity was observed in fruit at 5 to 30 days post pollination (DPP), and decreased at 40 and 50 DPP. Total peroxidase activity of the mesocarp was significantly lower than the exocarp in all developmental stages. Mesocarp peroxidase activity decreased consecutively from outer, to middle and, to inner tissue at every developmental stage. Total activity in the mesocarp peaked at 20 DPP. Native-PAGE of exocarp tissue showed at least two cathodic (basic) peroxidases and two anionic (acidic) peroxidases. The number of isozymes was greatest and bands most intense at 30 DPP. IEF-PAGE of the 5 to 50 DPP fruit exocarp showed at least 8 peroxidase isozymes (pI 4.6 to 9.6). Anion exchange chromatography showed only one peak of anionic peroxidase activity that was not evident until 15 DPP. This peak was greatest at 30 DPP and declined at 40 and 50 DPP. Cationic peroxidase isozymes appeared to be the predominant and most intense isoforms throughout fruit development. The changes in peroxidase activity corresponded to fruit formation and may be associated with susceptiblity to fruit rot. C1 E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Biles, CL (reprint author), E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CZ-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1023/A:1026777907099 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353MU UT WOS:000089279700009 ER PT J AU Juarez, M Juarez, D Russo, VM AF Juarez, M Juarez, D Russo, VM TI Growth and protein content in Colletotrichum circinans, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani in liquid culture SO BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE air flow; fluorescent light; media ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; MUSKMELON FRUIT; LIGHT; PATHOGEN; GENE; EXPRESSION; ORBICULARE AB The phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum circinans, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani were incubated in aerated (0, 0.5, 1 dm(3) min(-1)) potato dextrose broth (PDB) or Czapek-Dox broth (CDB), under 0-, 12- or 24-h photoperiods. Greater dry mass was produced in PDB. Higher air flows improved dry mass of F. solani and R. solani. The 24-h photoperiod improved F. solani dry mass. Except for F. solani, which was not affected, incubation in PDB increased protein content. The no air treatment increased protein content in F. solani, 0.5 dm(3) min(-1) produced the highest protein content in R. solani, but air flow-rate did not affect C. circinans. Incubation in the dark produced the lowest protein content in C. circinans, the highest under the 24-h photoperiod for R. solani, and photoperiod did not affect protein content in F. solani. Protein content in R. solani, incubated in CDB, was lowest at the 0 dm(3) min(-1) air flow at all photoperiods. Molecular masses of most proteins were under 30 kDa, and numbers of bands in SDS-PAGE gels varied with air flow. In CDB, especially under 12- or 24-h photoperiods, proteins in F. solani were between 1.6 and 310 kDa. For R. solani in PDB, at 0.5 dm(3) min(-1) air flow and 12-h light, proteins were between 6 and 81 kDa. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3134 J9 BIOL PLANTARUM JI Biol. Plant. PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1023/A:1002850522080 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 375MK UT WOS:000165403000016 ER PT J AU Carpenter-Boggs, L Reganold, JP Kennedy, AC AF Carpenter-Boggs, L Reganold, JP Kennedy, AC TI Effects of biodynamic preparations on compost development SO BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE & HORTICULTURE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AB Biodynamic (BD) agriculture is an organic farming system that relies heavily on compost as a fertilizer. Six herbal preparations are added to composting materials in order to make BD compost. Proponents claim these additions produce higher quality compost under farm conditions. In this study, BD compost preparations were applied to 3.5 t compost piles made of dairy manure and woodshaving bedding. Application of the BD preparations also requires 6 1 soil and 8 1 water; therefore control piles received the same additions of soil and water as BD compost piles, but no BD preparations. Biodynamic-treated composts maintained an average 3.4 degrees C higher temperature throughout the eight-week active composting period, suggesting more thermophilic microbial activity and/or faster development of compost with BD treatment. Final samples were taken when active composting slowed and the piles entered a ripening stage. At the final sampling, BD-treated piles respired CO2 at a 10% lower rate and had a larger ratio of dehydrogenase enzyme activity to CO2 production. Microbial communities in the finished BD and control piles were differentiated by principal component analysis of microbial phospholipid fatty acids. Final samples of BD-treated composts also had 65% more nitrate than control piles. Biodynamic preparations thus effected discernible changes in compost chemical and microbial parameters. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Carpenter-Boggs, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 27 PU A B ACADEMIC PUBL PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX6 7NW SN 0144-8765 J9 BIOL AGRIC HORTIC JI Biol. Agric. Hortic. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 4 BP 313 EP 328 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 319NF UT WOS:000087347500003 ER PT J AU Cortesero, AM Stapel, JO Lewis, WJ AF Cortesero, AM Stapel, JO Lewis, WJ TI Understanding and manipulating plant attributes to enhance biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE natural enemies; parasitoids; predators; arthropods; herbivores; plant attributes; indirect plant defenses; biological control; crop manipulation ID PARASITOID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS CRESSON; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII GOIDANICH; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA NEUROPTERA; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; HOST MICROHABITAT LOCATION; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; NATURAL ENEMY ASSOCIATION; ROBORATOR F HYMENOPTERA AB This paper demonstrates the necessity to consider plants as an essential and interactive component of biological control practices. Plants not only possess direct chemical and morphological defenses against herbivores but also benefit from indirect defenses provided by parasitoids and predators, which use herbivores as hosts or prey. Plants play an active role in the interplay between entomophagous arthropods and herbivores and actually mediate many of the interactions, thereby influencing the intensity of protection received. Herein, we review how plant attributes influence natural enemy efficiency by providing shelter, mediating host/prey accessibility, providing host/prey finding cues, influencing host/prey suitability, mediating host/prey availability, and providing supplemental food sources for natural enemies. In light of this crucial role, we suggest ways of manipulating morphological and chemical attributes of crop plants for a more sustainable and balanced control of insect pests in agro-ecosystems. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Rennes 1, Lab Ecobiol Insectes Parasitoides, F-35042 Rennes, France. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Cortesero, AM (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Lab Ecobiol Insectes Parasitoides, Campus Beaulieu,Ave Gen Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM anne-marie.cortesero@univ-rennes1.fr NR 219 TC 158 Z9 175 U1 5 U2 62 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0777 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 277NP UT WOS:000084939900005 ER PT J AU Cohen, AC AF Cohen, AC TI Feeding fitness and quality of domesticated and feral predators: Effects of long-term rearing on artificial diet SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomophagous insects; artificial diets; insect rearing; feeding biology; handling time; gut capacity ID GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES HETEROPTERA; METABOLIC RATES; HANDLING TIME; LYGAEIDAE; CONSUMPTION; EGGS AB Predatory geocorids, Geocoris punctipes Say (Geocoridae: Hemiptera), that had been reared (domesticated) for over 6 years (60 continuous generations) on an artificial diet were compared with feral (F-1) counterparts to determine possible domestication-associated losses in predatory capabilities. Using adult female predators provided with either tobacco budworm Iarvae, Heliothis virescens F., or pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, as prey, I measured predator weights, handling time with a single prey, amount extracted, consumption rate, and feeding (gut) capacity. Domesticated females were significantly smaller than ferals, weighing 4.53 mg versus 5.09 mg, respectively. Domestication did not significantly influence handling times, which averaged 131 (domesticated) and 122 min (feral) for predators feeding on H. virescens larvae and 106 (domesticated) and 94 min (feral) for G. punctipes feeding on A. pisum. Although there were significant differences in the weights of the two kinds of prey (H. virescens larvae being about twice as heavy as the A. pisum), both prey species exceeded the ingestion capacity of the predators. Amounts extracted by predators were 1.12 to 1.20 mg and were not significantly influenced by rearing background, prey biomass, or prey type. Consumption rates of 11.86 and 12.91 mu g/min were nearly identical for both domesticated and feral predators regardless of prey species. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Cohen, AC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0779 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 277NP UT WOS:000084939900006 ER PT J AU Stromberg, KD Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ AF Stromberg, KD Kinkel, LL Leonard, KJ TI Interactions between Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of wheat, and bacterial epiphytes in the wheat phyllosphere SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE STRAINS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; DISEASE REACTIONS; LEAVES; COEXISTENCE; HERBICOLA; EXCLUSION; BLOSSOMS; SURVIVAL AB The abilities of 44 bacterial epiphytes to reduce leaf-associated population sizes of Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens strain Xtt4Rif-2 and bacterial leaf streak were quantified in growth-chamber experiments. Bacterial epiphytes were inoculated individually onto 10-day-old wheat seedlings at a density of 10(8) CFU/ml. Pathogen strain Xtt4Rif-2 was inoculated onto wheat seedlings 48 h later at a density of 10(7) CFU/ml. Population sizes of the bacterial epiphytes and the pathogen were quantified 48 h after inoculation of the pathogen and disease severity was assessed 5-6 days later. Thirteen bacterial epiphytes were identified by their ability to reduce Xtt4Rif-2 populations, disease severity, or both compared to a pathogen-only control (subsequently referred to as successful antagonists). The potential roles of antibiosis and competition for nutrient resources in mediating the observed interactions between the epiphytes and the pathogen were also investigated. Only one epiphyte inhibited Xtt in vitro. Thus, antibiosis probably was not a major mechanism by which pathogen population sizes and disease severity were reduced. Similarity in nutrient utilization between bacterial epiphytes and pathogen strain Xtt4Rif-2 was estimated using nutrient-overlap indices. Nutrient-overlap indices were not predictive of the ability of epiphytes to reduce pathogen populations or disease severity. However, successful antagonists utilized both sucrose and inositol more frequently than poor antagonists. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Stromberg, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0771 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 277NP UT WOS:000084939900008 ER PT J AU Siegel, JP Smith, AR Novak, RJ AF Siegel, JP Smith, AR Novak, RJ TI Cellular fatty acid analysis of isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki, strain HD-1 SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki; HD-1; cellular fatty acid analysis; larvicide; entomopathogen ID SPHAERICUS STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; ISRAELENSIS AB Whole-cell cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition was utilized to determine if Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (HD-1) larvicides produced by different manufacturers could be distinguished from each other and to determine whether these larvicides were distinguishable from isolates deposited in public collections. This study analyzed Biobit, Dipel, Foray, Thuricide, and the non HD-1 larvicides Delfin and Javelin, as well as the 1971 and 1980 Standards of HD-1. Isolates of HD-1 deposited in the collections of the American Type Culture Collection, Bacillus Genetic Stock Center, Pasteur Institute, and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were also analyzed. The data were grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis based on the unpaired-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Samples that linked at a Euclidean distance less than or equal to 2.0 units were considered to belong to the same fatty acid strain. Isolates of HD-1 from commercial products and deposits of HD-I in the public collections and Standards were polytypic; 22 separate fatty acid strains were identified in the 1971 and 1980 Standards and 35 fatty acid strains were identified In the public collections. The type strain for Btk contained multiple fatty acid strains; three fatty acid strains were present in both the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center and the Pasteur Institute collections. In contrast, the type strain for serovar kurstaki in the USDA collection (HD-73) was monotypic and its fatty acid strain did not occur in other collections. We could distinguish between HD-1 and non-HD-1 larvicides using CFA composition. We conclude that CFA analysis may be used to identify commercial products. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Siegel, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0770 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 277NP UT WOS:000084939900010 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG AF Rojas, MG Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG TI Two meridic diets for Perillus bioculatus (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae), a predator of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Colorado potato beetle; biological control; nutrition; in vitro rearing; mass propagation; Perillus bioculatus; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS HYMENOPTERA; AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES; HEMIPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE; QUEBEC AB Two artificial diets, devoid of insect components, were developed for the predator Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius). The diets based on chicken liver and tuna fish were designed to approach the nutritional characteristics of the primary insect prey, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) eggs. P. bioculatus was reared on diet 2 for 11 consecutive generations without cumulative detrimental effects on its biology. Developmental time and preovipositional period were significantly longer, and egg viability, survival from egg to adult, and fecundity were significantly lower in P, bioculatus individuals reared on artificial diets than in those reared on L. decemlineata eggs. A significant reduction in developmental time, increase in survival from egg to adult, and reduction in length of the preovipositional period were observed after 11 generations of in vitro reared P. bioculatus on diet 2. These changes may indicate that the predators experience some degree of adaptation to the diet after several consecutive generations of in vitro rearing. No changes in egg viability were observed after 11 generations of in vitro rearing. Adult female weight tvas unaffected when reared on artificial diet, but a significant increase was observed after II generations of in vitro rearing. Females under all treatments weighed an average of 11.6 mg more than the males. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rojas, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0780 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 277NP UT WOS:000084939900011 ER PT S AU Delwiche, SR Kim, MS AF Delwiche, SR Kim, MS BE DeShazer, JA Meyer, GE TI Hyperspectral imaging for detection of scab in wheat SO BIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND PRECISION AGRICULTURE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Optics in Agriculture Conference on Biological Quality and Precision Agriculture II CY NOV 06-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE wheat; fusarium; scab; hyperspectral imaging ID KERNEL MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; MACHINE VISION; SOFTWARE SEPARATION; TOUCHING GRAINS; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Scab (Fusarium head blight) is a disease that causes wheat kernels to be shriveled, underweight, and difficult to mill. Scab is also a health concern because of the possible concomitant production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Current official inspection procedures entail manual human inspection. A study was undertaken to explore the possibility of detecting scab-damaged wheat kernels by machine vision. A custom-made hyperspectral imaging system, possessing a wavelength range of 425 to 860 nm with neighboring bands 3.7 nm apart, a spatial resolution of 0.022 mm(2)/pixel, and 16-bit per pixel dynamic range, gathered images of non-touching kernels from three wheat varieties. Each variety was represented by 32 normal and 32 scab-damaged kernels. From a search of wavelengths that could be used to separate the two classes (normal vs. scab), a linear discriminant function was constructed from the best R(lambda (1))/R(lambda (2)), based on the assumption of a multivariate normal distribution for each class and the pooling of the covariance matrix across the two classes. Results showed that the ratio R-568 nm/R-715 nm provided a cross-validation misclassification error that averaged between 2 and 17%, dependent on wheat variety. With expansion to the testing of more varieties, a two-to-four wavelength machine vision system appears to be a feasible alternative to manual inspection. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3868-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4203 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.411752 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Agriculture; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR86S UT WOS:000167874400002 ER PT B AU Moore, PA Daniel, TC Edwards, DR AF Moore, PA Daniel, TC Edwards, DR BE Balazs, E Galante, E Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Toutant, JP Werner, D Werry, PAT TI Reducing nonpoint source phosphorus runoff from poultry manure with aluminum sulfate SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CONNECTING SCIENCE AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biological Resource Management - Connecting Science and Policy CY MAR 05-06, 1998 CL ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev HO ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; LITTER; QUALITY; PLOTS; LAKES AB Phosphorus (P) is generally considered to be the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in lakes and rivers. Phosphorus runoff from soils fertilized with animal manures, such as poultry manure, can be relatively high even when moderate application rates are used. Recent research has indicated that treating poultry manure with aluminum sulfate (alum) can reduce phosphorus runoff and decrease ammonia volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of alum applications to poultry manure on (1) ammonia volatilization rates from manure, (2) atmospheric ammonia levels in poultry houses, (3) poultry performance (weight gains, feed conversion, etc.), (4) energy use, and (5) P runoff from small watersheds. Two farms in NW Arkansas, USA, were utilized for this study. Alum was applied at a rate of 1816 kg house(-1) in half of the houses at each farm after each flock of birds and incorporated into the manure. The other houses were controls. Ammonia volatilization rates were reduced by 97% with alum applications for the first four weeks of each growout. Birds grown on alum-treated manure were significantly heavier and had better feed conversion that birds grown in control houses. Energy use was also lower in alum-treated houses due to reduced ventilation requirements to remove ammonia (NH3). An economic analysis indicated that this best management practice was very cost-effective, with a benefit/cost ratio of 1.96. Phosphorus runoff from normal and alum-treated poultry manure was evaluated from field-sized plots (1 acre each) for 3 years. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff water from alum-treated manure were 75% lower than normal manure. These results indicate that treating poultry manure with alum is a cost-effective best management practice that reduces nonpoint source P runoff. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Plant Sci 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67117-X PY 2000 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BQ18B UT WOS:000087370600009 ER PT B AU Schepers, JS Shanahan, JF Luchiari, A AF Schepers, JS Shanahan, JF Luchiari, A BE Balazs, E Galante, E Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Toutant, JP Werner, D Werry, PAT TI Precision agriculture as a tool for sustainability SO BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CONNECTING SCIENCE AND POLICY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biological Resource Management - Connecting Science and Policy CY MAR 05-06, 1998 CL ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV, PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev HO ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV AB Precision agriculture is the name given to an innovative approach for crop production that represents a unique blend of old thoughts and new tools. Established principles and processes support a treasure of knowledge and wisdom that provides a foundation for applying new technologies to proven concepts and practices. These new technologies include innovative computer software, a new generation of sensors, and ingenious control devices, as well as instrumentation and communication technologies from the defense industry. Had it not been for the development of global positioning systems (GPS) by the military and geographical information systems (GIS) by the mining and exploration companies, precision agriculture would not be happening. Incorporating the various monitors, communication devices, and computers into agricultural equipment has resulted in a variety of sophisticated implements intended to increase profitability and protect the environment through better management decisions. These new implements not only keep track of the geographical position in fields, but are also able to monitor what is happening and control production inputs and processes on-the-go. In essence, precision agriculture tools and devices are able to collect huge amounts of site-specific data that can readily be assimilated into useful information from which management decisions can be made. In the past, producers familiar with the land, crops, and climate subjectively integrated the various factors and made decisions as appropriate. The goal of precision agriculture is to systematically make intelligent site-specific management decisions based on objective information (data) gathered from various sources and collected at different times. The success of precision agriculture depends on being able to identify meaningful relationships between factors that are economically and environmentally important and parameters that can be easily measured with a reasonable degree of spatial resolution. The relative importance of these relationships is known to change with time (within growing seasons and between years) and the process of integrating the information into reliable and consistent decisions is complicated because the interactions between climate, soil, and the crop are complex. C1 USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67117-X PY 2000 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BQ18B UT WOS:000087370600010 ER PT B AU Tai, T Dahlbeck, D Gassmann, W Chesnokova, O Whalen, M Clark, E Mudgett, MB Staskawicz, B AF Tai, T Dahlbeck, D Gassmann, W Chesnokova, O Whalen, M Clark, E Mudgett, MB Staskawicz, B BE DeWit, JGM Bisseling, T Stiekema, WJ TI Molecular Characterization of the avrBs2 gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and the Bs2 gene of pepper SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID AVIRULENCE; RESISTANCE C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Tai, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA BN 0-9654625-1-X PY 2000 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BR69X UT WOS:000167211400041 ER PT B AU Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV Raaijmakers, JM Bonsall, RF McSpadden-Gardener, B Lee, YJ Park, MJ Weller, DM AF Thomashow, LS Mavrodi, OV Mavrodi, DV Raaijmakers, JM Bonsall, RF McSpadden-Gardener, B Lee, YJ Park, MJ Weller, DM BE DeWit, JGM Bisseling, T Stiekema, WJ TI 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, a major determinant in the biological control of take-all disease of wheat SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS Q2-87; ANTIBIOTIC 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; LOCUS C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomashow, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA BN 0-9654625-1-X PY 2000 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BR69X UT WOS:000167211400061 ER PT B AU Tumlinson, JH Pare, PW Alborn, HT Lewis, WJ AF Tumlinson, JH Pare, PW Alborn, HT Lewis, WJ BE DeWit, JGM Bisseling, T Stiekema, WJ TI Chemically mediated tritrophic plant-insect interactions SO BIOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID PARASITIC WASPS; COTTON PLANTS; TERPENOIDS; ELICITOR; SIGNALS; CORN C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOC MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA BN 0-9654625-1-X PY 2000 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BR69X UT WOS:000167211400069 ER PT J AU Wilson, ME Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Ford, SP AF Wilson, ME Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Ford, SP TI Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-2 during conceptus elongation in the pig. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 20 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300087 ER PT J AU Garmey, JC Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Stoler, MH Veldhuis, JD AF Garmey, JC Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Stoler, MH Veldhuis, JD TI Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and p450 17-alpha hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase in swine follicles: In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 145 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300211 ER PT J AU Schoppee, PD Guthrie, HD Veldhuis, JD AF Schoppee, PD Guthrie, HD Veldhuis, JD TI Expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is associated with specific stages of follicular cell differentiation in porcine ovaries. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 226 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300292 ER PT J AU Wise, TH Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ AF Wise, TH Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ TI Relationship of circulating FSH levels with testicular weight, ferritin and iron concentrations in boars hemicastrated at 1, 10, 56 or 112 days of age. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 334 BP 238 EP 239 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300400 ER PT J AU Wang, S Panter, KE Stellflug, JN Evans, RC AF Wang, S Panter, KE Stellflug, JN Evans, RC TI The effects of phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen on bovine embryo development in vitro. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, ADVS Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 347 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300413 ER PT J AU McCoard, SA Wise, TH Ford, JJ AF McCoard, SA Wise, TH Ford, JJ TI GATA-4 marks genital ridge formation and sertoli cells in the developing porcine gonad. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 358 BP 247 EP 248 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300424 ER PT J AU Woldesenbet, S Vallet, JL Newton, GR AF Woldesenbet, S Vallet, JL Newton, GR TI Retinol binding protein (RBP) secretion by primary cultures of porcine uterine epithelial (UE) cells. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 397 BP 262 EP 263 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300462 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Fahrenkrug, SC AF Vallet, JL Fahrenkrug, SC TI Structure of the gene for uteroferrin. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, RLH US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 462 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300526 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Klemcke, HG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Clusterin mRNA expression in porcine conceptuses. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 515 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300579 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Characterization of uterine epidermal growth factor during early pregnancy in pigs. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2000 VL 62 SU 1 MA 517 BP 310 EP 311 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 328QV UT WOS:000087862300581 ER PT S AU Paape, MJ Shafer-Weaver, K Capuco, AV Van Oostveldt, K Burvenich, C AF Paape, MJ Shafer-Weaver, K Capuco, AV Van Oostveldt, K Burvenich, C BE Mol, JA Clegg, RA TI Immune surveillance of mammary tissue by phagocytic cells SO BIOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLAND SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST 825)/ 1st International Conference on the Biology of the Mammary Gland CY SEP 16-18, 1999 CL TOURS, FRANCE SP Reg Ctr, Couseil Reg, European Union COST Programme, Int Union Biochem & Molec Biol, INRA, Atelier Coperta, Intervet Int BV, Lipha Sante, Merck Sharp & Dohme Chibret, Monsanto Serv Int SA, Rhone Poulenc Anim Nutr, Roche Pharma DE immune surveillance; mastitis ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; DELTA T-CELLS; BOVINE NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MILK-YIELD; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTERFERON-GAMMA; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AB The leukocytes in milk consist of lymphocytes, neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. Lymphocytes together with antigen-presenting cells function in the generation of an effective immune response. Lymphocytes can be divided into two distinct subsets, T- and B- lymphocytes, that differ in function and protein products. The professional phagocytic cells of the bovine mammary gland are PMN and macrophages. In the normal mammary gland macrophages are the predominate cells which act as sentinels to invading mastitis causing pathogens. Once the invaders are detected, macrophages release chemical messengers called chemoattractants that cause the directed migration of PMN into the infection. Migration of neutrophils into mammary tissue provides the first immunological line of defense against bacteria that penetrate the physical barrier of the teat canal. However, their presence is like a double-edged sword. While the PMN are phagocytosing and destroying the invading pathogens, they inadvertently release chemicals which induces swelling of secretory epithelium cytoplasm, sloughing of secretory cells, and decreased secretory activity. Permanent scarring will result in a loss of milk production. Resident and newly migrated macrophages help reduce the damage to the epithelium by phagocytosing PMN that undergo programmed cell death through a process called apoptosis. Specific ligands on the neutrophil surface are required for directed migration and phagocytosis. In response to infection, freshly migrated leukocytes express greater numbers of cell surface receptors for immunoglobulins and complement and are more phagocytic than their counterparts in blood. However, phagocytic activity rapidly decreases with continued exposure to inhibitory factors such as milk fat globules and casein in mammary secretions. Compensatory hypertrophy in non-mastitic quarters partially compensates for lost milk production in diseased quarters. Advances in molecular biology are making available the tools, techniques, and products to study and modulate host-parasite interactions. For example the cloning and expression of proteins that bind endotoxin may provide ways of reducing damaging effects of endotoxin during acute coliform mastitis. The successful formation of bifunctional monoclonal antibodies for the targeted lysis of mastitis causing bacteria represents a new line of therapeutics for the control of mastitis in dairy cows. C1 USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 95 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46414-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2000 VL 480 BP 259 EP 277 PG 19 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BR38S UT WOS:000166276700031 PM 10959434 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Lin, J Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Dean, RG Hausman, GJ AF Chen, XL Lin, J Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Dean, RG Hausman, GJ TI Alterations in fetal adipose tissue leptin expression correlate with the development of adipose tissue SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE hydrocortisone; thyroxine; hypophysectomy; leptin; leptin receptor; placenta ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; OBESE OB GENE; SERUM LEPTIN; PREADIPOCYTE RECRUITMENT; PRIMARY CULTURES; PIG FETUSES; CORD-BLOOD; DIFFERENTIATION; WEIGHT; LIPOGENESIS AB Control pig fetuses and fetuses hypophysectomized (hypox) at 70 days of gestation were treated with hormones on day 90. At 105 days of gestation, subcutaneous adipose tissue was prepared for morphological studies, leptin Northern blot and Western blot analysis. Fetal ontogeny studies showed that leptin mRNA in adipose tissue increased with morphological development, and the highest level of leptin mRNA was observed in 105-day fetal pigs. In hyper fetuses, levels of leptin mRNA were similar to those in controls. Treatment with either hydrocortisone (HC) or thyroxine (T-4) resulted in a slight increase in leptin mRNA levels in hyper fetuses but not in intact fetuses. Supplementation with both HC and T-4 markedly stimulated leptin mRNA expression in both hyper and intact fetuses. Morphological data showed that hyper slightly enhanced lipid accretion and treatment of hyper fetuses with HC and T-4 increased lipid accretion to a greater degree than did either HC or T-4 alone. However, serum leptin levels were not influenced by age, hyper or hormone treatment. Leptin protein expression was not detected in adipose tissue of hyper or intact fetuses regardless of hormone treatment. Leptin protein was detected in adipose tissue of 7-day-old pigs and placenta. As compared to 7-day postnatal adipose tissue, placenta showed a higher level of leptin protein expression. Leptin mRNA expression in feta I adipose tissue was not correlated with body weight and organ weight. The expression of long-form leptin receptor mRNA was detected in fetal adipose tissue. Our results indicate that adipose tissue leptin may not be the main source of serum leptin in the fetus and may not be involved in general prenatal growth and development. But adi pose tissue leptin may act as an autocrine or paracrine factor in the development of fetal adipose tissue. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1159/000014245 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 332VY UT WOS:000088096100008 PM 10878421 ER PT J AU Wang, QJ Nedbal, L Whitmarsh, J AF Wang, QJ Nedbal, L Whitmarsh, J TI Investigating the puzzle of oxygen evolution in cyanobacteria lacking photosystem I SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Inst Microbiol, Prague, Czech Republic. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 477Pos BP 81A EP 81A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300470 ER PT J AU Tu, S Uknalis, J Irwin, P Patterson, D Yu, LSL AF Tu, S Uknalis, J Irwin, P Patterson, D Yu, LSL TI Application of streptavidin coated magnetic beads for detecting Escherichia coli O157 : H7 by light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 1503Pos BP 254A EP 254A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779301486 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM Wartelle, LH McAloon, A AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM Wartelle, LH McAloon, A TI Acid-activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; NUTSHELLS; METALS AB A series of phosphoric-acid activated carbons were made from almond shells using six different activation or activation/oxidation methods. The carbons were compared to each other and to two commercial carbons in an effort to ascertain the relative value of the carbons in terms of yield, surface area, attrition, surface functional groups, organic uptake, metal uptake, as well as estimated cost of production. Of the six methods investigated, the method that produced the best overall performing almond shell carbon and least expensive carbon in terms of production cost was the "Air-Activation" method. This method involved the simultaneous activation and oxidation of almond shells under an air atmosphere. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Toles, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 18 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00029-2 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 236UA UT WOS:000082616300013 ER PT J AU Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Rao, RM AF Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Rao, RM TI Surface properties of granular activated carbons from agricultural by-products and their effects on raw sugar decolorization SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugar decolorization; activated carbons; agricultural by-products; surface properties; surface chemistry ID MICROPOROUS STRUCTURES; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; PYROLYSIS; ACIDITY; ADSORBENTS; TITRATION; BLACKS; IR AB Granular activated carbons (GACs) were produced from sugarcane bagasse combined with one of two binders (corn syrup, coal tar) by physical activation and from pecan shells by physical and chemical activation. GACs were evaluated for their physical (hardness, bulk density), chemical (ash, pH), surface (surface area, pore size distribution, surface chemistry), and adsorption properties (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization) and compared with two commercial reference carbons. Results showed that larger surface area, a well-developed macro- and mesoporosity, and a minimal surface charge were desirable in GACs designed for sugar decolorization. Steam activation of pecan shells carbon was the only by-product-activation combination that produced GAC with all the above three desirable characteristics of a good sugar decolorizer. Chemical activation of pecan shells yielded GACs with high surface area and adequate pore size distribution but with large surface charge. In contrast, sugarcane bagasse-based GACs exhibited low surface areas and unsatisfactory physical/chemical properties. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, LAES, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Technol Int Inc, LaPlace, LA 70068 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, LAES, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 40 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)90069-X PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 252PL UT WOS:000083511200002 ER PT J AU Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Rao, RM AF Ahmedna, M Marshall, WE Rao, RM TI Production of granular activated carbons from select agricultural by-products and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sugar decolorization; activated carbons; agricultural by-products; chemical properties; physical properties; adsorption properties ID SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE; METALS; DECOLORIZATION; PYROLYSIS; NUTSHELLS; WASTE; YIELD AB Representative samples of soft, low density, group 1 (rice straw, rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse) and hard, high density, group 2 agricultural by-products (pecan shells) were converted into granular activated carbons (GACs). GACs were produced from group 1 and 2 materials by physical activation or from group 2 materials by chemical activation. Carbons were evaluated for their physical (hardness, bulk density), chemical (ash, conductivity, pH), surface (total surface area), and adsorption properties (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization) and compared with two commercial reference carbons. The results show that the type of by-product, binder, and activation method determine the properties of GACs. Regardless of the binder, sugarcane bagasse showed a better potential than rice straw or rice hulls as precursor of GACs with the desirable properties of a sugar decolorizing carbon. Pecan shells produced GACs that were closest to the reference carbons in terms of all the properties investigated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, LAES, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, LAES, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 NR 27 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00070-X PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 252PL UT WOS:000083511200003 ER PT J AU Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A AF Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A TI Recombinant antibodies: a new reagent for biological agent detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE recombinant antibodies; epitopes; antigen ID SCAN FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; PULSE-SHAPE; DISPLAY; CHROMOSOMES; PROTEINS; CLONING AB Antibodies are critical reagents used in several biodetection platforms for the identification of biological agents. Recent advances in phage display technology allow isolation of high affinity recombinant antibody fragments (Fabs) that may bind unique epitopes of biological threat agents. The versatility of the selection process lends itself to efficient screening methodologies and can increase the number of antigen binding clones that can be isolated. Pilot scale biomanufacturing can then be used for the economical production of these immunoglobulin reagents in bacterial fermentation systems, and expression vectors with hexahistidine tags can be used to simplify downstream purification. One such Fab reagent directed against botulinum neurotoxin A/B has been shown to be sensitive in a variety of assay formats including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hand-held immunochromatographic assay. Recombinant antibodies can provide another source of high quality detection reagents in our arsenal to identify or detect pathogens in environmental samples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. RP Emanuel, PA (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,AMSSB-RRT-BM Proc Engn Bldg, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00058-5 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900002 PM 10945449 ER PT J AU Temesgen, B Neale, DB Harry, DE AF Temesgen, B Neale, DB Harry, DE TI Use of haploid mixtures and heteroduplex analysis enhance polymorphisms revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SITE STS MARKERS; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; ARBITRARY GENES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; BLACK SPRUCE; CDNA CLONES; CONIFERS; LINKAGE AB PCR-based codominant genetic markers were developed by using primer sequences designed from cDNA clones of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Such markers offer certain advantages relative to simple-sequence repeat (SSR), also known as short-tandem repeat (STR) markers, and include the ability to quantify and map DNA polymorphisms in expressed genes. However, detecting these DNA polymorphisms is more problematic because many DNA polymorphisms in genes involve base substitutions rather than insertions or deletions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is a sensitive and efficient method for detecting sequence differences among PCR fragments. This paper demonstrates the application of DGGE to genetically map expressed genes in loblolly pine. Also, heteroduplex DNA fragments, formed during the amplification of DNA from heterozygotes and from mixes of haploid DNAs from megagametophytes, enhanced and strengthened genetic interpretations and genotypic classifications. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet,USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet,USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 114 EP + PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 273QE UT WOS:000084717700021 PM 10649781 ER PT B AU Jones, DL AF Jones, DL BE Sioros, D TI ESPC implementation at the National Animal Disease Center SO BUILDING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd World Energy Engineering Congress CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, Int Ground Source Heat Pump Assoc, Alliance Save Energy, Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Fed Energy Management Programs, US Gen Serv Adm,, US EPA Reg IV Headquarters, Natl Fire Protect Assoc, Natl Roofing Contractors Assoc, Power Mkt Assoc, Amer Soc Ind Secur, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co AB The facilities at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center (NADC), located in Ames, Iowa, support a scientific staff of approximately 230 persons conducting research on animal diseases with economic importance to the US livestock industry. Annual energy consumption has been on the order of 520,000 Btu/sqft and annual energy expenditures exceed $1.5 million. The opportunities for energy and energy cost savings are significant and the Center is participating as an initial site for the DOE SuperESPC program. Preliminary ESCO proposals have identified more than $500,000 of annual cost savings, as well as improvements that will improve the comfort for building occupants and reliability of Center infrastructures. Anticipated ECMs include lighting, incinerator stack heat recovery, VAV retrofit and HVAC controls, air pump replacement, propane-air mixing stations, as well as back-up generation equipment, and a combustion turbine for cogeneration. It is anticipated a delivery order will be issued for some or all of the proposed ECMs and implementation will begin during 1999. From the perspective of a facility manager and engineer with recent experience, the paper will reflect upon the processes of identifying potential ECMs, development of project goals, working with an ESCO and contracting specialists, evaluating technical proposals and ESCO proposed ECMs, consideration of M&V approaches, developing agency management support, and working with the ESCO during construction installation. Positive and negative aspects of the process will be reported in order to help prepare facility managers to implement successful ESPC projects at Federal facilities. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-338-5 PY 2000 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS02W UT WOS:000168377200028 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Schaupp, WC Johnson, E AF Negron, JF Schaupp, WC Johnson, E TI Development and validation of a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan for estimating brood adult density of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; COLORADO AB The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, attacks Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France (Pinaceae), throughout western North America. Periodic outbreaks cause increased mortality of its host. Land managers and forest health specialists often need to determine population trends of this insect. Bark samples were obtained from 326 trees distributed over 21 stands during a 2-year period in late winter to early spring of 1997 and 1998 in the Colorado Front Range. The variance to mean relationship of brood adults was examined using the Taylor power law, and a fixed-precision sampling plan was developed using Green's method. Stop lines and minimum number of samples required to estimate brood adult density per 0.046 m(2) with precision levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 were calculated. A resampling simulation conducted with an independent data set indicated that desired precision levels were not met. Theoretical precision levels were adjusted until desired precision levels were achieved. Average number of samples needed to estimate brood adult densities up to 25.1 adults per 0.046 m(2) with precision levels of 0.09, 0.2, and 0.3 were 91, 20, and 8, respectively. For densities greater than 25.1 brood adults per 0.046 m(2), conservative estimates are obtained with 72, 15, and 6 samples for precision levels of 0.09, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. An emergence ratio can be obtained by dividing the estimated density of brood adults by twice the number of gallery starts. This system provides the user with an immediate assessment of the population trend of Douglas-fir beetle. The data collected compare favorably with data from other Douglas-fir beetle outbreaks reported in the literature. The use of this plan outside the Colorado Front Range, or by sampling at a different height, should be cautioned until additional data from other locations and sampling heights are examined. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, Lakewood Serv Ctr, USDA, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 132 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 287JJ UT WOS:000085502500011 ER PT J AU Ryan, FJ Ayres, DR AF Ryan, FJ Ayres, DR TI Molecular markers indicate two cryptic, genetically divergent populations of Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) in California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE allozyme; genetic diversity; RAPD assay; Salsola tragus; Salsola paulsenii ID LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA HAMAMELIDACEAE; MANIHOT-ESCULENTA; PREDOMINANT ROLE; INTERNODE; TISSUES; GROWTH; PITH AB Genetic variability among accessions of Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) from California was investigated using allozymes and DNA-based molecular markers. Aspartate aminotransferase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase displayed two multienzyme phenotypes that were widespread in plants throughout the state. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was conducted on samples of the two isoenzymic phenotypes collected throughout California, as well as additional accessions from France and Turkey and Salsola paulsenii Litv. Six primers produced 23 polymorphic bands. Analysis of the patterns of bands by calculation of simple matching coefficients and cluster analysis confirmed the genetic distinctness of the two isoenzymic phenotypes of S. tragus; S. paulsenii was markedly different from both types. Mean fruit weights from plants grown under similar conditions were different between the two types as well. These results and preliminary cytological analysis together suggest that the two types are actually two different species of Salsola, only one of which has been previously recognized. Analysis of the DNA-based markers suggests that one of the genetic entities may be closely related to Salsola found in Europe, while the area of origin of the second entity is currently obscure. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Weed Res Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ryan, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 59 EP 76 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 292VT UT WOS:000085816400008 ER PT J AU Martin, CW Hornbeck, JW AF Martin, CW Hornbeck, JW TI Impacts of intensive harvesting on hydrology and nutrient dynamics of northern hardwood forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Impacts of intensive harvesting on hydrology and; nutrient dynamics of northern hardwood forests ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; HUBBARD-BROOK; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY; BUDGETS AB Whole-tree clear-cutting and progressive strip-cutting of northern hardwood forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire resulted in measurable changes in physical and chemical conditions of forest streams. As a result of reduced transpiration and interception, water yield for the first year after whole-tree harvesting increased by >150 mm, the majority of which occurred during the growing season. Peak flows increased only moderately. Water yield and peak flow increases disappeared within 4-6 years as a result of rapidly regrowing vegetation. Sediment yields increased during and after harvesting but can be maintained within normal ranges of reference streams by careful use of best management practices. Stream chemistry changes occurred immediately following harvesting, most notably in the form of increases in concentrations of Ca2+, K+, NO3-, and H+. The concentrations return close to preharvest levels within 3-5 years. The above changes are discussed in terms of their causes and implications for aquatic habitat and fisheries. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Martin, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wmartin_03223@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 2000 VL 57 SU 2 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-S2-19 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 366HJ UT WOS:000089999500003 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Shifley, SR Mladenoff, DJ Nimerfro, KK He, HS AF Gustafson, EJ Shifley, SR Mladenoff, DJ Nimerfro, KK He, HS TI Spatial simulation of forest succession and timber harvesting using LANDIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; STRATEGIES; GROWTH; MODEL AB The LANDIS model simulates ecological dynamics, including forest succession, disturbance, seed dispersal and establishment, fire and wind disturbance, and their interactions. We describe the addition to LANDIS of capabilities to simulate forest vegetation management, including harvest. Stands (groups of cells) are prioritized for harvest using one of four ranking algorithms that use criteria related to forest management objectives. Cells within a selected stand are harvested according to the species and age cohort removal rules specified in a prescription. These flexible removal rules allow simulation of a wide range of prescriptions such as prescribed burning, thinning, single-tree selection, and clear-cutting. We present a case study of the application of LANDIS to a managed watershed in the Missouri (U.S.A.) Ozark Mountains to illustrate the utility of this approach to simulate succession as a response to forest management and other disturbance. The different cutting practices produced differences in species and size-class composition, average patch sizes (for patches defined by forest type or by size class), and amount of forest edge across the landscape. The capabilities of LANDIS provide a modeling tool to investigate questions of how timber management changes forest composition and spatial pattern, providing insight into ecological response to forest management. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 48 TC 145 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-1-32 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 284HW UT WOS:000085327000005 ER PT J AU Nyland, RD Ray, DG Yanai, RD Briggs, RD Zhang, LJ Cymbala, RJ Twery, MJ AF Nyland, RD Ray, DG Yanai, RD Briggs, RD Zhang, LJ Cymbala, RJ Twery, MJ TI Early cohort development following even-aged reproduction method cuttings in New York northern hardwoods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB We described a general pattern of cohort development following two types of even-aged reproduction methods in northern hardwoods. Three clearcut sites initially had divergent numbers of stems, because of variable amounts of advance regeneration. By 10 years, total stem densities became quite similar across sites. Three sites treated by shelterwood seed cutting lacked advance regeneration. Compared with the clearcuts, seedlings became established at much higher stem densities there, and even early cohort development followed a consistent pattern. By 20-25 years, both the clearcut and shelterwood sites supported 7600-8900 total stems/ha. Stems greater than or equal to 2.54 cm diameter at breast height peaked at about 6000, but by age 15 following clear-cutting, and not until age 20 after shelterwood seed cutting. The time lag likely reflects initial differences in advance regeneration, and possibly other factors between sites. Basal area at the clearcut sites reached 26 m(2)/ha within about 25 years. At the shelterwood sites it reached 22 m(2)/ha by age 25. The quadratic stand diameter increased consistently across sites and treatments. Regression models describe changes in numbers of total stems, numbers of saplings, stand basal area, and quadratic stand diameter for each treatment. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Nyland, RD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 284HW UT WOS:000085327000009 ER PT J AU James, RR Newcombe, G AF James, RR Newcombe, G TI Defoliation patterns and genetics of insect resistance in cottonwoods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR; HYBRID POPLAR; POPULUS; PLANT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PREFERENCES; PERFORMANCE; COLEOPTERA; SALICACEAE; POPULATION AB In 1995, an outbreak of a leaf beetle, Phratora californica Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), began in a three-generation Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray & Populus deltoides Bartr. pedigree planting near the lower Columbia River in Oregon. This outbreak provided us with an opportunity to assess leaf beetle feeding patterns and the genetics of cottonwood resistance to defoliation. We developed a method for estimating damage levels by training personnel to visually estimate percent damage in leaf samples. Digital image analysis was used to measure damage to the leaves used in the training. Based on a sample of 300 trees from 100 genotypes, herbivory was found to be greatest in the upper canopy and in the fall. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be 0.88 and 0.80 for July and October, respectively, demonstrating that resistance to P. californica is under relatively strong genetic control. Resistance in the F-2 likely came from the P. trichocarpa parent, because this parent was less susceptible, on average, than the P. deltoides parent. However, the difference between parents was not great, and any further genetic analysis of resistance to Phratora californica should employ crosses between individuals with more strongly contrasting phenotypes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, BIRU, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-1-85 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 284HW UT WOS:000085327000011 ER PT J AU Lister, AJ Mou, PP Jones, RH Mitchell, RJ AF Lister, AJ Mou, PP Jones, RH Mitchell, RJ TI Spatial patterns of soil and vegetation in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forest in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; HETEROGENEITY; LITTER; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; VARIABILITY; PLANTATIONS AB A study was conducted at the Savannah River Site in a 40-year-old slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation in South Carolina to characterize the spatial patterns of soil, forest floor, and plant community variables and to investigate correlations among the variables. Spatial soil and litter samples were collected on five 0.25-ha plots. The spatial patterns of the variables were characterized by global variance, autocorrelation range, and patchiness. The cross-variable relationships were explored using Pearson's correlation tests to examine functional heterogeneity (i.e., to determine if structural heterogeneity reflected ecological processes). Variances of the variables calculated without regard to spatial position (i.e., global variance) were generally low. Average range of spatial autocorrelation was about 58 m for the forest floor variables, 11 m for soil variables, 11 m for basal area of large pines (> 30 cm diameter at breast height), and less than 11 m for basal area of smaller pines or other woody species. Few strong spatial correlations among the forest floor and soil variables were observed. Spatial patterns of pines and hardwoods were weakly correlated with litter quality patterns and soil nitrogen. We conclude that the sample plots were generally homogeneous and that differences in soil resource levels were probably too small to influence spatial pattern of vegetation in this 40-year-old plantation. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Mou, PP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-1-145 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 284HW UT WOS:000085327000017 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, CP TI Three new ascomycetous yeasts from insect-associated arboreal habitats SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pichia; Candida; new yeast species; ribosomal DNA; molecular systematics; methanol utilization ID 26S RIBOSOMAL-RNAS; GEN-NOV SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PROPOSAL; 18S; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERGENCE AB A new species of Pichia and two new species of Candida are described and were determined to be genetically isolated from all other currently recognized ascomycetous yeasts from their sequence divergence in the species-variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. The three species were primarily isolated from the frass of wood-boring insects living in pine and spruce trees. The new species and their type strains are the following: Pichia ramenticola NRRL YB-1985 (CBS 8699), mating type alpha (NRRL YB-3835, CBS 8700, mating type a), Candida piceae NRRL YB-2107 (CBS 8701), and Candida wyomingensis NRRL YB-2152 (CBS 8703). Pichia ramenticola and C. piceae assimilate methanol as a carbon source; P. ramenticola is the first known heterothallic ascomycetous yeast to utilize this compound. C1 ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1139/cjm-46-1-50 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 266HQ UT WOS:000084294900005 PM 10696471 ER PT J AU Lamb, JFS Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Marquez-Ortiz, JJ AF Lamb, JFS Johnson, LD Barnes, DK Marquez-Ortiz, JJ TI A method to characterize root morphology traits in alfalfa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa L.; root morphology; alfalfa ID YIELD AB Productivity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been shown to be influenced by root morphology. Our objectives were to identify the optimum age, cultural practices, and environmental conditions to characterize taproot diameter (TD), lateral root number (LRN), fibrous root mass (FRM), and determinate taproot percentage (DTP) in alfalfa. No correlations were found between greenhouse-cultured plants and 21-wk-old field-grown plants for LRN or FRM, while TD showed low to moderate correlations between greenhouse and field environments. Fourfold more plants with determinate taproots were identified in transplanted plots compared to seeded plots. All root traits were affected by plant spacing but, no germplasm x plant spacing interactions were found. Solid seeded plants needed more time to show maximum expression of root traits and scored lower for LRN and FRM and had smaller TD than spaced plants. Only TD had a significant germplasm x location interaction. Both TD and LRN increased with N fertilizer and between the seeding and first production years, but no germplasm x N rate or germplasm x year interactions were found. Rankings of alfalfa germplasms were the same at the end of the seeding year (22 wk after planting) and at the end of the first production year (74 wk after planting). Characterization of LRN and FRM in alfalfa should be conducted in seeded field plots with uniform plant spacing at one location, with or without N fertilizer at, least 22 wk after planting. A similar protocol with evaluation at more than one location would be more appropriate for characterization of TD. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cal W Seeds, Woodland, CA 95776 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 80 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 291YB UT WOS:000085766400012 ER PT J AU Kelly, JF AF Kelly, JF TI Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WHALES GLOBICEPHALA-MELAS; FOXES ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; BONE-COLLAGEN; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; C-13/C-12 RATIOS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ARCTIC FOXES; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; TERRESTRIAL FOODWEBS AB Differential fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon during photosynthesis causes C-4 plants and C-3 plants to have distinct carbon-isotope signatures. In addition, marine C-3 plants have stable-isotope ratios of carbon that are intermediate between C-4 and terrestrial C-3 plants. The direct incorporation of the carbon-isotope ratio (C-13/C-12) of plants into consumers' tissues makes this ratio useful in studies of animal ecology. The heavy isotope of nitrogen (N-15) is preferentially incorporated into the tissues of the consumer from the diet, which results in a systematic enrichment in nitrogen-isotope ratio (N-15/N-14) with each trophic level. Consequently, stable isotopes of nitrogen have been used primarily to assess position in food chains. The literature pertaining to the use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in animal trophic ecology was reviewed. Data from 102 studies that reported stable-isotope ratios of carbon and (or) nitrogen of wild birds and (or) mammals were compiled and analyzed relative to diet, latitude, body size, and habitat moisture. These analyses supported the predicted relationships among trophic groups. Carbon-isotope ratios differed among species that relied on C-3, C-4, and marine food chains. Likewise, nitrogen-isotope ratios were enriched in terrestrial carnivorous mammals relative to terrestrial herbivorous mammals. Also, marine carnivores that ate vertebrates had nitrogen-isotope ratios that were enriched over the ratios of those that ate invertebrates. Data from the literature also indicated that (i) the carbon-isotope ratio of carnivore bone collagen was inversely related to latitude, which was likely the result of an inverse relationship between the proportion of carbon in the food chain that was fixed by C-4 plants and latitude; (ii) seabirds and marine mammals from northern oceans had higher nitrogen-isotope ratios than those from southern oceans; (iii) the nitrogen-isotope ratios of terrestrial mammals that used xeric habitats were higher than the ratios of those that used mesic habitats, indicating that water stress can have important effects on the nitrogen-isotope ratio; (iv) there was no relationship between body mass and nitrogen-isotope ratio for either bone collagen or muscle of carnivores; and (v) there was linear covariation between stable-isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in marine food chains (but not in terrestrial C-3 or C-4 food chains), which is likely a product of increases in carbon-isotope ratio with trophic level in marine food chains. Differences in stable-isotope composition among trophic groups were detected despite variation attributable to geographic location, climate, and analytical techniques, indicating that these effects are large and pervasive. Consequently, as knowledge of the distribution of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen increases, they will probably become an increasingly important tool in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM jkelly/rmrsalbq@fs.fed.us RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 NR 171 TC 689 Z9 709 U1 32 U2 261 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1139/cjz-78-1-1 PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 290QD UT WOS:000085686400001 ER PT S AU Mason, JB Nitenberg, G AF Mason, JB Nitenberg, G BE Mason, J Nitenberg, G TI Cancer & nutrition: Prevention and treatment - Preface SO CANCER & NUTRITION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA ID WEIGHT-LOSS C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7081-3 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2000 VL 4 BP VII EP IX PG 3 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BS72H UT WOS:000170993300001 ER PT S AU Wang, XD Russell, RM AF Wang, XD Russell, RM BE Mason, J Nitenberg, G TI Antioxidants and lung cancer prevention SO CANCER & NUTRITION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA ID ACID RECEPTOR-BETA; VITAMIN-E; TOBACCO-SMOKE; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; CAROTENE; SUPPLEMENTATION; DNA; NUTRITION; RETINOIDS; CAPACITY C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Gastrointestinal Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Gastrointestinal Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU PHS HHS [49195] NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7081-3 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2000 VL 4 BP 39 EP 54 PG 16 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BS72H UT WOS:000170993300004 PM 11490581 ER PT S AU Mason, JB Choi, SW AF Mason, JB Choi, SW BE Mason, J Nitenberg, G TI The mechanisms by which folate depletion enhances colorectal carcinogenesis: A unified scheme SO CANCER & NUTRITION PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FOLIC-ACID; DNA METHYLATION; P53 GENE; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; COLONIC NEOPLASIA; MISMATCH REPAIR; DIETARY-FOLATE C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin & Carcinogenesis Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA59005-05S1] NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7081-3 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2000 VL 4 BP 87 EP 101 PG 15 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BS72H UT WOS:000170993300007 PM 11490584 ER PT J AU Watters, DR Miller, RB AF Watters, DR Miller, RB TI Wood identification in historic sites: Inferences for colonial trade and modification of vegetation on Barbuda SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WEST-INDIES AB We report on four wood species identified from five samples taken from timbers in four historic buildings on Barbuda. Two samples were reported previously and three are new identifications. Fortuitous retention of splinter remnants from one of the older samples allowed us to verify the accuracy of its original identification. None of the species are native to Barbuda. Species of the white pine group (Pinus spp.) and the white oak group (Quercus spp.) grow in North America, greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei) is native to Guyana and Suriname in South America, and bulletwood (Manilkara spp.) is native to the Neotropics, including the Antilles. These data corroborate empirically the importation of timber products into the colonial British West Indies, a trade that had been studied mainly by historians working from documents. Our analysis of the current body of knowledge about human-induced modification of Barbuda's native vegetation concludes that the vegetation has been modified more profoundly by the island's historic and modern inhabitants, whose occupation is brief compared to the preceding 3,500-year span of Amerindian occupation. C1 Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Anthropol, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Watters, DR (reprint author), Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Anthropol, 5800 Baum Blvd, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 407BT UT WOS:000167252100003 ER PT J AU Graybosch, RA Guo, G Shelton, DR AF Graybosch, RA Guo, G Shelton, DR TI Aberrant falling numbers of waxy wheats independent of alpha-amylase activity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 5 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.1 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200001 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Nobes, GAR Wood, DF AF Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Nobes, GAR Wood, DF TI Wheat starch effects on the textural characteristics of puffed brown rice cakes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GELATINIZATION AB A process was described for creating puffed wheat starch based or hybrid starch and rice snack foods processed in a rice cake puffing machine. Puffed cakes consisting of wheat starch and whole grain brown rice, created by mixing wheat starch beads with brown rice before processing and puffing for 10 sec (cooking time) at 210 degrees C, exhibited greater flexibility and fracture strength than traditional rice cakes. The density of puffed wheat starch cakes decreased with increasing moisture content independent of particle size for particles 0.8-5 mm in diameter. The addition of sucrose and shortening promoted the formation of lower density puffed cakes at lower moistures, while salt had little effect. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.18 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200004 ER PT J AU Robutti, J Borras, F Ferrer, M Percibaldi, M Knutson, CA AF Robutti, J Borras, F Ferrer, M Percibaldi, M Knutson, CA TI Evaluation of quality factors in Argentine maize races SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-ZEIN; ENDOSPERM; HARDNESS; AMYLOSE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; KERNELS AB Samples of Argentine maize from 12 landraces were analyzed for starch and amylose content and were evaluated for hardness parameters. Amylose contents of these Argentine landraces were generally higher than for typical dent hybrids grown in the United States. Hardness, as estimated by near-infrared reflectance; from wavelength shift of the near-infrared transmittance spectrum absorbance maximum (lambda(max)) in the 610-680 nm region; and by percentage of gamma-zein in zein-2 (determined by reversed-phase HPLC), correlated well with classical definitions of endosperm type and with amylose content. Starch content correlated negatively with hardness. Flint landraces varied substantially in amylose and starch content. The strong correlation between amylose content and maize endosperm hardness confirms and strengthens previous observations, and may provide a compositional basis for endosperm quality. C1 Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, EEA Pergamino, RA-2700 Pergamino, BA, Argentina. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Robutti, J (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, EEA Pergamino, CC 31, RA-2700 Pergamino, BA, Argentina. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.24 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200005 ER PT J AU Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Finney, PL AF Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Finney, PL TI Baking formula innovation to eliminate chlorine treatment of cake flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Chlorine treatment of soft wheat flour improves cake volume and produces a stiffer, more resilient crumb. Four pairs of chlorine-treated and untreated flours were obtained. A selected portion of the area under the Rapid Visco Analyser hot pasting flour viscosity curve was used to determine how much starch could be used with a nonchlorine-treated flour so that the area is equivalent to that produced by a chlorine-treated cake flour with no added starch. Replacement of nonchlorine-treated flour with up to 43% starch produced areas under the pasting curve that were equivalent to those produced by chlorine-treated flours. Increased concentration of dried egg albumen plus added soya lecithin and xanthan gum were included in the formulation containing starch and nonchlorine treated flour to produce a new basic ingredient set. The basic ingredient set was evaluated for its influence on cake geometry, crumb structure, and crumb texture response to compression (hardness and spring-back rate). High-ratio white layer cakes using the new basic ingredient set produced similar or better cake quality characteristics than those produced using control chlorine-treated flours. The same new basic ingredient set was used to produce pound cakes, cupcakes, and sheet cakes using nonchlorinated flours. The geometry and objective texture of those cakes also were equivalent to respective cakes produced with chlorine-treated flour. The basic ingredient set does not require any special flour treatment. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.53 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200011 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Windham, WR AF Lyon, BG Champagne, ET Vinyard, BT Windham, WR TI Sensory and instrumental relationships of texture of cooked rice from selected cultivars and postharvest handling practices SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Measurement of cooked rice texture attributes by sensory and instrumental methods is important because of the increased popularity of rice and rice products by globally diverse cultures. Many factors influence cooked rice texture, including cultivar, physicochemical properties, postharvest handling practices (milling degree, drying conditions, and final moisture), and cooking method. Information on the relationships between sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics will lead to better methods to quickly evaluate and predict end-use qualities, which will help to match rices with specific characteristics to populations that demand those attributes. This article reports the relationships between two modes of measuring texture attributes of rices: sensory and instrumental texture analyzers. Six medium- and short-grain rice samples differing by cultivar or growing location were dried to achieve final moisture levels of 12 or 15% and then regular- or deep-milled (n = 120). Correlations between individual sensory descriptive attributes and instrumental texture profile parameters were weak. Of only 12 significant correlations, the highest value was r = 0.624. Combined sensory and instrumental data were factor-analyzed, This analysis revealed that sensory attributes still accounted for the most variation (35.32% out of 76.55%). Sensory descriptive analysis was more sensitive to subtle changes in initial texture perception including parameters relating to stickiness and adhesiveness. The two-cycle compression test for texture profile parameters (i.e., hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness) accounted for less variation in the data on texture differences. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.64 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200013 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Jeffers, HC Engle, DA AF Morris, CF Jeffers, HC Engle, DA TI Effect of processing, formula and measurement variables on alkaline noodle color - Toward an optimized laboratory system SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; WHEAT; DOUGH AB A standardized laboratory method for assessing the color potential of flours for yellow alkaline (Cantonese) noodles is needed, especially for evaluating large numbers of small-scale samples such as found in wheat breeding populations. To develop such a method, a number of processing and formula parameters were varied and judged for optimum level based on 1) discrimination and mean separation of flours, 2) sensitivity to minor variation in the protocol parameter, 3) practicality and simplicity for the technician, and 4) time efficiency. Four flours milled from single-cultivar grain lots representing two with good and two with poor color potential were made into alkaline noodle sheets varying in thickness of 0.75-2.00 mm, water absorption of 33.0-39.0%, mixing time of 2-6 min, and NaCl levels of 0-4% tall flour weight basis). Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) tristimulus color space (L*, a* b*) values were measured at 0-24 hr using white, yellow, and black background tiles. Noodle sheet side and a dough resting period were examined. The flours themselves were a consistently large, significant source of variation for color, especially lightness (L*). Based on the optimization criteria, a noodle sheet thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm, an optimum to slightly over optimum water absorption (36% for the flours in this study) with some adjustment for protein content and dough handling properties, a mixing time of 4 min, no dough resting period, and 2% NaCl were selected. Color measurement at 24 hr on a white or otherwise light-colored background tile was judged best using a consistent side of the noodle sheet. Resting doughs for 1 hr slightly improved handling and sheeting characteristics but was not included for time efficiencies. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.77 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200015 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Hruschka, WR AF Delwiche, SR Hruschka, WR TI Protein content of bulk wheat from near-infrared reflectance of individual kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM; SINGLE KERNELS; TRANSMITTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CLASSIFICATION; MOISTURE AB Protein content of wheat by near-infrared (NIR) reflectance of bulk samples is routinely practiced. New instrumentation that permits automated NIR analysis of individual kernels is now available, with the potential for rapid NIR-based determinations of color, disease, and protein content, all on a single kernel (sk) basis. In the event that the protein content of the bulk sample is needed rather than that of the individual kernels, the present study examines the feasibility of estimating bulk sample protein from sk spectral readings. On the basis of 318 wheat samples of 10 kernels per sample, encompassing five U.S. wheat classes, the study demonstrates that with as few as 300 kernels bulk sample protein content may be estimated by sk NIR reflectance spectra at an accuracy equivalent to conventional bulk kernel NIR instrumentation. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.1.86 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 275HR UT WOS:000084815200016 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Hesler, LS AF Riedell, WE Hesler, LS TI Nutrient solution nitrogen form and bird cherry-oat aphid resistance in wheat SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum L.; Rhopalosiphum padi L.; N form; insect resistance ID YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; CEREAL APHIDS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WINTER-WHEAT; HOMOPTERA; YIELD; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; LOSSES; GRAINS AB The form of nutrient solution nitrogen (NH4-N or NO3-N) provided to plants can have profound influence upon the severity of many crop diseases. It is not known if nutrient solution nitrogen form would affect wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.) resistance to bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). The objectives of our growth chamber experiments were to determine if the farm of nitrogen provided in plant nutrient solutions affected aphid population growth parameters or the ability of wheat to withstand infestation. For aphid population growth experiments, winter wheat plants were watered with a complete nutrient solution containing NO3-N or NH4-N for 13 d prior to infestation with nymphs. The time period to adulthood and the number of progeny produced were recorded. For plant growth experiments, spring wheat plants were grown in sand culture using half-strength complete nutrient solution containing NO3-N or NH4-N. Approximately 100 apterous aphids were applied to half of the plants 7 d after germination. Plants were harvested for shoot and root fresh weight measurement 6 days after infestation. Aphid population growth (development time, number of aphids produced, and intrinsic rate of increase) were not significantly affected by nutrient solution N form treatments. Plants grown with NH4-N nutrient solutions had significantly less shoot fresh weight (0.181 g for NH4-N; 0.230 g for NO3-N). Aphid infestation also significantly reduced shoot flesh weight (0.149 g in infested; 0.262 gin control). There were no significant interactions between nutrient solution N form and aphid treatments for shoot fresh weight. Aphid treatment did not reduce root fresh weight in plants given NO3-N nutrient solution (aphid infested = 0.15 g; control = 0.15 g), but did in plants given NH4-N nutrient solution (aphid infested = 0.11 g; control = 0.17 g). Thus, while Pd form given to wheat plants had no effect on aphid population growth characteristics, plants given NH4-N nutrient solution showed less root growth than plants given the NO3-N nutrient: solutions. C1 ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 370DL UT WOS:000165107900018 ER PT B AU Ayars, JE Soppe, RW Oster, J AF Ayars, JE Soppe, RW Oster, J BE Deason, WO Gates, TK Zimbelman, DD Anderson, SS TI Irrigation management of cotton in the presence of a controlled drainage system SO CHALLENGES FACING IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM, VOLS I AND II: MEETING HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY, REHABILITION AND MODERNIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Challenges Facing Irrigation and Drainage in the New Millennium CY JUN 20-24, 2000 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP US Comm Irrigat & Drainage ID CROP AB A three year project evaluating management of shallow saline ground water was conducted on four 30 acre plots located in the Tulare Lake Basin of California. Cotton was grown in a clay soil using flood irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and a combination of sprinkler followed by flood irrigation. The water table was controlled to a depth of 4 feet below the soil surface at the outlet of the subsurface drain which was installed at a depth of approximately 5 feet below the soil surface. Irrigation scheduling used leaf water potential with the depth of application based on soil water content measured with a capacitance type soil water sensor. Yields were not negatively impacted in the managed area compared to the farmer's field. The ratio of yield to applied water was greater in the research plots in the controlled drainage area than in the farmer managed plots in the controlled area. Total water application was reduced in the test plots. Maximum potential ground water contribution to crop water use occurred in the flood irrigated research plots. C1 USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-887903-09-7 PY 2000 BP A15 EP A26 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BU61E UT WOS:000176509300036 ER PT J AU Wei, SJ Liu, LG Wang, Z Woo, WT AF Wei, SJ Liu, LG Wang, Z Woo, WT TI The China money puzzle: will devaluation of the yuan help or hurt the Hong Kong dollar? SO CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Chinese yuan and Hong Kong dollars; trade balance; psychological panic; computer general equilibrium model AB A Chinese yuan devaluation could affect the stability of the Hong Kong dollar, This paper studies two linkages. The first is that trade balance effect is studied through a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The result shows that the net change in Hong Kong's foreign reserve after a yuan devaluation is, in fact, negligible. The second is that psychological effect is studied by a survey of financial market participants. Ln spite of the small trade balance effect, all respondents believe that a yuan devaluation would lead to a panic selling of Hong Kong assets. Therefore, a yuan devaluation is bad for the Hong Kong dollar primarily through market psychology. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: F31; F47; O53. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Room 5141,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1043-951X J9 CHINA ECON REV JI China Econ. Rev. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S1043-951X(00)00014-6 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 387AX UT WOS:000166098900004 ER PT J AU Osgood-McWeeney, D Galluzzi, JR Ordovas, JM AF Osgood-McWeeney, D Galluzzi, JR Ordovas, JM TI Allelic discrimination for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human scavenger receptor class B type 1 gene locus using fluorescent probes SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Osgood-McWeeney, D (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 1 BP 118 EP 119 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 274YR UT WOS:000084793100016 PM 10620580 ER PT J AU Wood, CW Marshall, SB Cabrera, ML AF Wood, CW Marshall, SB Cabrera, ML TI Improved method for field-scale measurement of ammonia volatilization SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; CATTLE SLURRY; SAMPLER; NITROGEN; LOSSES; UREA AB We developed a new method for determination of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions from land-applied nitrogen (N). The new method is a modification of two proven passive flux methods, and is an improvement over these existing methods via reductions in cost, labor and analytical requirements. This new method involves use of one rotating mast placed in the center of a circular plot (15 m radius). The samplers we use are glass tubes (7 mm by 200 mm) that have been coated on the inside with oxalic acid to trap NH3. This new method was tested against one of the proven methods in a field experiment. A circular plot (15 m radius) was established and urea was applied to supply 200 kg N ha(-1). Measurements of NH3 volatilization were then made for six days after application. A strong linear relationship was evident between our new method and the reference method for both horizontal and vertical NH3 fluxes, as indicated by correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.86 for horizontal and vertical fluxes, respectively. The glass tubes that we used consistently absorbed more NH3 and measured more total NH3 volatilization than the samplers of the reference method. However, given that micrometeorological methods have underestimated NH3 volatilization in the past, we feel that our method has improved the accuracy of NH3 volatilization measurement. In essence, we believe we have developed an improved method for field-scale determination of NH3 volatilization by reducing initial costs as well as labor and analytical requirements, without sacrificing accuracy of the volatilization measurement. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wood, CW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1080/00103620009370461 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 310DK UT WOS:000086811100004 ER PT J AU Wall, GW AF Wall, GW TI Simple filtration system improves efficiency of a hydropneumatic root elutriator SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; GROWTH AB Separating roots from soil is a laborious and costly process, but a commercially available hydropneumatic root elutriator can semi-automate the job. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems elutriate the roots from the soil, while the electrical system controls the on/off functions of the hydraulic system. The extruded steel frame of the elutriator serves a dual purpose; structural support and transport of water and compressed air. Water is transported in the lower and air in the upper part of the hollow inner cavity of the extruded steel frame. They exit the frame into polyethylene tubes that extend to the base of the elutriator. After prolonged use, however, this design feature can become problematic because flow to the elutriator of either system can be blocked at the nozzle inlets with rust particles that originate fi om the steel frame's inner walls. The blockage increases sample processing time due to dismantling, clearing, and reassembling, which eventually degrades the elutriator. To resolve these problems a 40-mesh (420 micron) in-line stainless steel water filter and a 40-micron in-line bronze air filter were installed in the polyethylene tube lines between the extruded steel frame and the base of the elutriator. These filters were found to reduce nozzle blockage, thereby increasing sample processing efficiency by 10% and improving sample quality. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Wall, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 7-8 BP 975 EP 980 DI 10.1080/00103620009370491 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 316WM UT WOS:000087191100013 ER PT J AU Graham, RD Welch, RM AF Graham, RD Welch, RM TI Plant food micronutrient composition and human nutrition SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Soil & Plant Anal Council, Brisbane, Soil & Plant Anal Council Inc, Lincoln, Pivot Ltd, Incite Ltd - Fertilizers, Queensland Dept Nat Resources, CSBP & Farmers ID DENSITY; CROPS; ZINC AB Whereas a generation ago, global starvation was the primary fear of agricultural strategists, now when food supplies are generally adequate, the World Health Organisation(WHO) has expressed increasing concern at the rise in incidence of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations in many countries. These deficiencies limit the physical and intellectual capacity of people, thereby restraining national development efforts, and adversely affecting the health and wellbeing of over half of the planet's human population. This nutritional crisis is likely to continue for the foreseeable future unless food systems are changed in ways that increase nutrient output and balance. Agriculture must deliver enough nutrients to sustain healthy and productive lives as well as focus on providing enough "food" to prevent starvation. Plant nutritionists and analysts need to understand the changes in order to play a part in planning sustainable food systems for tomorrow. The impact on analytical laboratories assessing the nutritional composition of foods produced and the effects that agricultural systems have on the nutritional quality of foods is forecast in this paper. It gives an outline of the needs, probable instrumentation that may be featured in laboratories in the next 10 years, and some of the problems envisaged. C1 Univ Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Graham, RD (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Waite Campus,PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM rgraham@waite.adelaide.edu.au NR 43 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 11-14 BP 1627 EP 1640 DI 10.1080/00103620009370529 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 354XP UT WOS:000089356800012 ER PT J AU Sparrow, LA Sharpley, AN Reuter, DJ AF Sparrow, LA Sharpley, AN Reuter, DJ TI Safeguarding soil and water quality SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Soil & Plant Anal Council, Brisbane, Soil & Plant Anal Council Inc, Lincoln, Pivot Ltd, Incite Ltd - Fertilizers, Queensland Dept Nat Resources, CSBP & Farmers ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; AQUATIC ECOREGIONS; SURFACE-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; STREAMS; MANAGEMENT; PROTECTION; POLLUTION; BENEFITS; NUTRIENT AB In many countries, community awareness and concern about environmental issues has resulted in an increased interest in and requirement for assessment and monitoring of soil and water quality. This paper reviews the types of indicators which are commonly advocated for these purposes, and concludes that better interpretive guidelines for indicators are needed if these guidelines are to be defensible. More work also needs to be done to decrease the cost of appropriate monitoring and to encourage its wider and more intense use. Recent developments in new techniques, and community-based monitoring programmes in Australia are discussed. Active and well targeted assessment and monitoring programmes by themselves are not sufficient to safeguard soil and water quality. Increased emphasis needs to be given to the development of new land use systems and practices, which address the environmental priorities identified through assessment and monitoring, and which also ensure the financial viability of land managers. Scientists have important roles to play in all of the above processes. Research is one important role, but there is much to be gained from scientists facilitating communication between land managers and policy makers. These gains include the advancement of reforms to land management which have the potential to safeguard soil and water quality, and which are likely to be adopted by land managers and local communities. C1 Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Kings Meadows, Tas 7249, Australia. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. RP Sparrow, LA (reprint author), Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, POB 46, Kings Meadows, Tas 7249, Australia. NR 111 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 11-14 BP 1717 EP 1742 DI 10.1080/00103620009370533 PG 26 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 354XP UT WOS:000089356800016 ER PT J AU Burt, R Wilson, MA Mays, MD Keck, TJ Fillmore, M Rodman, AW Alexander, EB Hernandez, L AF Burt, R Wilson, MA Mays, MD Keck, TJ Fillmore, M Rodman, AW Alexander, EB Hernandez, L TI Trace and major elemental analysis applications in the US Cooperative Soil Survey program SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY MAR 22-26, 1999 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Soil & Plant Anal Council, Brisbane, Soil & Plant Anal Council Inc, Lincoln, Pivot Ltd, Incite Ltd - Fertilizers, Queensland Dept Nat Resources, CSBP & Farmers ID MENDENHALL GLACIER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; METALS; TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROMORPHOLOGY; MINERALOGY; CALIFORNIA; PHOSPHORUS; MORAINES; PH AB In response to national and international concerns about soil and water quality, personnel at the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), Soil Survey Laboratory are developing standard procedures to determine trace metals in soils. This paper illustrates how trace metal studies, complemented by total analysis, increase the use and value of the modem National Cooperative Soil Survey. Examples include anthropogenic metal contamination (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn) from a copper smelter in Deer Lodge Valley, Montana; nutrient deficiencies (Ca, N, P, K) and metal enrichment (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni) in serpentinitic soils in Klamath Mountains, Oregon; naturally-elevated metal concentration (As, Pb, Hg) in hydrothermally active soils in Yellowstone National Park; total P and Fe as measures of weathering, chelation, and translocation of parent material in chronosequence study on Mendenhall Glacier in southeast Alaska; and metal determinations (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) to provide interpretations for land use in New York City. Native metal concentrations in soils vary widely, determined by geologic origin and pedogenic processes. Studies of soils examine landscape distribution of soils and often include metal partitioning to determine specific fractions. Soils with high natural concentrations of metals or those contaminated through atmospheric deposition, waste application, or surface/ground water are common. Total and bioavailable metal concentrations must be determined because of their impact on land use. In general, knowledge limited to total metal concentrations can be misleading. Application and interpretation of trace metal data for soil surveys are method-dependent and caution must be exercised in its application in the soil survey. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Surey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USDA, NRCS, Whitehall, MT USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. US Forest Serv, Concord, CA USA. USDA, NRCS, New York, NY USA. RP Burt, R (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Surey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM rburt@nscc.nrcs.usda.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 11-14 BP 1757 EP 1771 DI 10.1080/00103620009370535 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 354XP UT WOS:000089356800018 ER PT J AU Counce, PA Gealy, DR Keisling, TC Costello, TA AF Counce, PA Gealy, DR Keisling, TC Costello, TA TI Weed levels did not alter rice grain yield response to nitrogen SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) research field plots are likely to have nearly complete weed control whereas normal farmer field-grown rice often have considerably greater weed populations. Consequently a disparity might exist between nitrogen (NZ requirements for producing maximum yields, in weedy (such as in some farmer fields) versus weed-free rice (such as field research plots). We conducted a 2-year field study at Keiser, AR.. Using paired plots, we compared weed control effects, at several preflood N rates (0-112 kg N ha(-1)) on yield, yield components, harvest index and weed weights. Rice yield responses to preflood N fertilization were similar with and without weed pressure. Consequently, N fertilization recommendations based on research plots with little or no weed pressure are valid for research plots and grower fields with much greater levels of weed pressure. C1 Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, NE Res & Extens Ctr, Kieser, AR 72351 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Counce, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, POB 351, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 15-16 BP 2607 EP 2615 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 358LN UT WOS:000089559700012 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Relationship of fertilizers on soil pH and fruit disorders of apples and pears SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TREES; NITROGEN AB In nutrition experiments of fruit-growing areas of central Washington state, 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica) orchards and 'd'Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchards with the lowest soil pH values had a high incidence of fruit disorders and the lowest concentration of leaf calcium (Ca). In contrast, orchards with the highest soil pH values had the highest concentration of soil Ca(meq 100 g(-1)) and the lowest incidence of fruit disorders (bitter pit for apples and alfalfa greening, black end and cork spot for pears). Apple orchards with the highest soil pH values also had 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples containing the highest concentration of Ca, but Ca concentrations in 'd'Anjou' pears were not significantly different among the different soil pH groups. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 2787 EP 2792 DI 10.1080/00103620009370627 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 370EP UT WOS:000165110800007 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ Rawls, WJ AF Sikora, LJ Rawls, WJ TI In situ respiration determination as tool for classifying soils according to soil organic matter content SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Soil respiration is indicative of biological status of the soil and high respiration is correlated to high contents of available carbon (C) in soil and/or organic matter content. Because of soil respiration's relationship to soil organic matter status and content, soil respiration is considered one measurement that could aid in determining the quality of soil. In the global scale, the cycling of C in soil is important because the rise in CO2 in the atmosphere is linked to global climate change. In situ measurement of CO2 using instruments that are portable and perform analyses quickly are important to obtain sufficient number of measurements in the field to overcome spatial variability. Soil respiration tests were conducted in plots amended with fertilizer or organic amendments of agricultural or municipal residues since 1994. Besides CO2 moisture and temperature were measured over a period where the moisture varied from near saturation to below wilting point. It was found that flux was curvilinearly related to moisture from 5 to 40% (v/v). Maximum flux occurred for all plots between 30 and 40% saturation. The ratio of flux normalized by temperature to the volumetric soil moisture divided soils into two categories, those with soil organic matter (SOM) content above or below 4.5%. The determinations of CO2 flux, moisture and temperature uses equipment that is portable so that several sites in a field can be analyzed to reduce spatial variation. The only limitation is that the determinations must be performed on soils with less than 40% saturation or 25% moisture (v/v) because the normalized function is no longer linear above this moisture content. More than two SOM categories might be found if studies are expanded to soils with a wider range of SOM content. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 2793 EP 2801 DI 10.1080/00103620009370628 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 370EP UT WOS:000165110800008 ER PT J AU Shanahan, J Schatz, B Baltensperger, D Sooby, J Kachman, S AF Shanahan, J Schatz, B Baltensperger, D Sooby, J Kachman, S TI Use of shoot reduction treatments as a means of simulating hail injury to proso millet SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-YIELD; GROWTH-STAGES; WINTER-WHEAT; DAMAGE; RICE; CORN AB Prose millet, Panicum miliaceum (L.), is a warm-season annual grass well adapted for grain production in the western Great Plains of the United States, where risk of hail injury is greater than any other region of the United States. Because adjustment procedures and loss equations are not available, prose millet producers in this region have had limited access to crop hail insurance as a risk management tool. Our research was conducted to assess impact of shoot reduction treatments imposed at different crop growth stages on grain yield loss of proso millet grown under several environments. Our goal was to provide information for development of crop insurance adjustment procedures. We also wanted to determine the impact of shoot reduction on various grain yield components. Treatments consisted of a control and three levels of shoot reduction (33, 66, and 100% of full stand) applied at four growth stages (emergence, 4-leaf, boot, and heading stages). The experiments were conducted at two locations (Akron, CO and Carrington, ND) during 1996 and 1997 to assess treatment impact on relative grain yield (RGY), expressed as percent of control. A significant shoot reduction x growth stage interaction was observed for RGY, indicating yield loss from increasing shoot reduction varied with growth stage. A linear reduction in RGY to increasing levels of shoot reduction was observed for the deaf, boot and heading growth stages, while RGY displayed a segmented linear response to increasing shoot reduction at emergence. Variation in grain yield, induced by shoot reduction treatments, was more consistently correlated with variation in seed number than seed weight. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Carrington Res Ctr, Carrington, ND 58421 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Shanahan, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 119 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245; Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 2843 EP 2854 DI 10.1080/00103620009370632 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 370EP UT WOS:000165110800012 ER PT J AU Unger, PW AF Unger, PW TI Nitrates in soil after long-term management for dryland grain sorghum and winter wheat SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP-ROTATION; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS AB Long-term cropping with clean and stubble mulch tillage (SMT) resulted in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) decreases at numerous Great Plains locations. Crops at some locations now respond to applied N fertilizers. Objective of this study was to compare soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) contents after a 12-year field study for which different management practices [cropping systems (rotations or continual cropping), tillage methods (SMT or no-tillage), land leveling (level or nonlevel), and N fertilizer (applied or not applied)] were used for dryland grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) was sampled by increments to a 20-cm depth. Relatively few differences in NO3-N contents due cropping system, land leveling, or tillage treatments were significant for individual depths or means across all depths. Cropping systems had no effect, but contents were greater in wheat than in sorghum or fallow plots. Land leveling and tillage methods resulted in no consistent differences, but contents usually were greater with than without applied fertilizer. Although N fertilizer treatments were imposed early in the field study because plant N deficiencies symptoms were noted, crops did not respond to applied fertilizer. This suggests the NO3-N content differences found will have little effect on dryland crop yields under present management conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Unger, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 2925 EP 2937 DI 10.1080/00103620009370639 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 370EP UT WOS:000165110800019 ER PT J AU Clay, DE Chang, J Carlson, CG Malo, D Clay, SA Ellsbury, M AF Clay, DE Chang, J Carlson, CG Malo, D Clay, SA Ellsbury, M TI Precision farming protocols. Part 2. Comparison of sampling approaches for precision phosphorus management SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-SCALE VARIABILITY; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Research is needed to compare the different techniques for developing site-specific phosphorus (P) recommendations on a field-wide basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact different techniques for developing site-specific P recommendation maps on yield and profitability. Enterprise analysis combined with a crop simulation model and detailed field characterization was used to estimate the value of spatial P information in a system where N was not limiting. The systems evaluated were continuous corn (zea mays) and corn and soybean (Glycine max) rotations where sampling and fertilizer applications were applied annually and semi-annually, respectively. The sampling techniques tested were: (i) an unfertilized P control; (ii) whole field; (iii) whole field plus historic information (feedlot); (iv) landscape positions; (v) soil type; (vi) soil type plus historic information (feedlot); and (vii) 90-m grid sampling. The finding of this study were based on soil samples collected from a 30 by 30-m grid. The value of the spatial information was dependent on the crops response to P, the accuracy of the different sampling techniques, crop rotation, and the length of time between sampling dates. All of the sampling techniques produced different application maps. The recommendation map based on a single composite sample under fertilized 56.5% of the field. Increasing the sampling density reduced the percentage of under-fertilized land. If corn had a low P response, then simulation/enterprise analysis indicated that applying P did not increased profits. For all scenarios tested: (i) the soil type + historic sampling approach had higher potential profits than the 90-m grid sampling approach; and (ii) there was no economic benefit associated with the 90-m grid sampling. However, if research shows that amortization of sampling and analysis costs over 3 or 4 years is appropriate, then it may be possible to derive economic benefit from a 90-m grid sampling. For a corn/soybean rotation, where fertilizer was applied when corn was planted and N and P was not applied to soybeans, enterprise/simulation analysis (2.8 Mg ha(-1) soybean yield goal and a moderate P model) showed that soil + historic sampling approach increased profitability $3.74 ha(-1) when compared to the uniform P treatment. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insect Res Lab, Dept Entomol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Clay, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 19-20 BP 2969 EP 2985 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 374AH UT WOS:000165321900001 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Lipiec, J Bauer, PJ Carter, TE AF Busscher, WJ Lipiec, J Bauer, PJ Carter, TE TI Improved root penetration of soil hard layers by a selected genotype SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN PLANT INTRODUCTION; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; DROUGHT-RESISTANT; GROWTH; TILLAGE; GYPSUM; HERITABILITY; AMELIORATION; COMPACTION AB Crops can be effectively grown on hardpan soils and water effectively used from deep in the profile if hard layers in soils can be penetrated or if they are broken up by tillage. Addition of gypsum to the soil or exploitation of genetic differences in root penetrability may help improve root penetration through hard layers with less need to depend on the energy requirements of deep tillage. To test this theory, a single-grained Ap horizon of Norfolk loamy sand soil was compacted into soil columns to compare root penetrability of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes Essex and PI416937 in the presence and absence of gypsum and at two soil compaction levels (columns with uniform compaction at 1.4 g cm(-1) and columns with increasing compaction with depth from 1.4 to 1.75 g cm(-1)). Compaction treatments were imposed by constructing soil columns composed of 2.5-cm-deep, 7.5-cm-diameter cylindrical cores compacted to predetermined bulk densities (1.40, 1.55, 1.65, and 1.75 g cm(-3)). Soil penetration resistances were measured on duplicate cores using a 3-mm-diameter cone-tipped penetrometer. Columns were not watered during the study; soybean genotypes were grown in the columns until they died. Both genotypes lived one day longer in columns with lower bulk density and penetration resistance. Although root growth was more abundant for Essex than for PI416937, root growth of PI416937 was not decreased by compaction as much as it was for Essex. These results suggest that PI416937 may possess the genetic capability to produce more root growth in soils with high penetration resistance. This study suggests that genetic improvement for root growth in soils with hard or acidic layers may potentially reduce our dependence on tillage. Gypsum did not affect root growth in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Agrophys, PL-20290 Lublin 27, Poland. USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 19-20 BP 3089 EP 3101 DI 10.1080/00103620009370652 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 374AH UT WOS:000165321900010 ER PT J AU Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP AF Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP TI Triage for the biosphere: The need and rationale for taxonomic inventories and phylogenetic studies of parasites SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biodiversity; biosphere; Global Taxonomy Initiative; inventory; parasites; phylogeny; survey; taxonomy ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SPECIES RICHNESS; COSTA-RICA; N-SP; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; NOVA-SCOTIA; BIODIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB A parasitological perspective in biodiversity survey and inventory provides powerful insights into the history, structure, and maintenance of the biosphere. Parasitology contributes a powerful conceptual paradigm or landscape that links ecology, systematics, evolution, biogeography, behavior, and an array of biological phenomena from the molecular to the organismal level across the continuum of microparasites to macroparasites and their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Effective survey and inventory can be strategically focused or can take a synoptic approach, such as that represented by the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. We argue that parasitology should be an integral component of any programs for biodiversity assessment on local, regional, or global scales. Taxonomists, who constitute the global taxasphere, hold the key to the development of effective surveys and inventories and eventual linkage to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues. The tax asphere is like a triage team. The "battlefield" is the biosphere, and the "war" is human activities that degrade the biosphere. Sadly, at the point in time that we realize we have documented only a tiny portion of the world's diversity, and want to document more, we find that one of the most rare and declining groups of biologists is the taxasphere. This taxonomic impediment, or critical lack of global taxonomic expertise recognized by Systematics Agenda 2000 and DIVERSITAS, prevents initiation and completion of biodiversity research programs at a critical juncture, where substantial components of global diversity are threatened. The Convention for Biological Diversity mandates that we document the biosphere more fully, and as a consequence, it is necessary to revitalize the taxasphere. One foundation for development of taxonomic expertise and knowledge is the Global Taxonomy Initiative and its 3 structural components: (1) systematic inventory, (2) predictive classifications, and (3) systematic knowledge bases. We argue that inclusion of parasites is critical to the success of the Global Taxonomy Initiative. Predictive databases that integrate ecological and phylogenetic knowledge from the study of parasites are synergistic, adding substantially greater ecological, historical, and biogeography context for the study of the biosphere than that derived from data on Free-living organisms alone. C1 USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, BARC E 1180, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, BARC E 1180, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20715 USA. NR 189 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 11 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 301EZ UT WOS:000086297400001 ER PT J AU Wolcott, MP Yin, SZ Rials, TG AF Wolcott, MP Yin, SZ Rials, TG TI Using dynamic mechanical, spectroscopy to monitor the crystallization of PP/MAPP blends in the presence of wood SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE wood; polypropylene; maleic anhydride; dynamic mechanical analysis; transcrystallinity ID POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY AB Crystal morphology of thermoplastics is known to be strongly influenced by the presence of solid substrates like fibers or fillers. For wood, this interphase development is governed by the chemical composition of the thermoplastic and substrate. The crystallization of PP/MAPP blends was observed using polarized light microscopy and quantified using DSC and DMA. Techniques are presented to assess degree of crystallinity and temperatures associated with the onset (T-O) and maximum rate (T-C) of crystallization using DMA. Strain history of the specimen during crystallization was evaluated and does not significantly influence either T-O or T-C. Crystallization temperatures of PP as assessed using DSC or DMA increase with the addition of MAPP or the presence of wood. Values for T-C are higher when measured by DMA than DSC. This difference appears to be related more to the relative interfacial dominance in the specimens, rather than to an inherent difference between techniques. C1 Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Wolcott, MP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6440 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1163/156855400300183542 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 332WJ UT WOS:000088097100002 ER PT J AU Rials, TG Simonsen, J AF Rials, TG Simonsen, J TI Investigating interphase development in woodpolymer composites by inverse gas chromatography SO COMPOSITE INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE inverse gas chromatography; surface energy; interface; wood composite ID WOOD SURFACE-ENERGY; FIBERS; CRYSTALLINITY; SYSTEM AB The influence of secondary interactions on the development of interfacial structure in composites of wood and amorphous thermoplastic polymers is not well understood. This study used inverse gas chromatography to investigate the effect of different polymers on the surface energy of partially or fully coated white pine wood meal. In this way, the development of the interphase was monitored as a function of polymer depth on the wood surface. The polymers were selected to provide a range of functional groups and included polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), polymethacrylic acid, and polymethacrylonitrile. The overall variation of the dispersive component of the surface energy and the ratio of acceptor to donor coefficients appeared to group themselves into two categories based upon the polarity of the polymer's functional groups. In addition, the high loadings required for stabilization of the less polar polymers suggested that a relatively large volume of the matrix phase is affected by the wood filler. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rials, TG (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0927-6440 EI 1568-5543 J9 COMPOS INTERFACE JI Compos. Interfaces PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1163/156855400300184244 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 339RB UT WOS:000088490800002 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE Karabayev, M Satybaldin, A Benites, J Friedrich, T Pala, M Payne, T TI Concepts and strategies of conservation tillage SO CONSERVATION TILLAGE: A VISIBLE OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN EURASIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Conservation Tillage CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN SP Natl Acad Ctr Agrarian Res, AI Baraev Kazakh Res Int Grain Farming, FAO, CIMMYT, ICARDA ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LOSS; SOIL CO2 EVOLUTION; FLUX; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE MEJORAMIENTO DE MAIZ Y TRIGO PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 6-641 CP 06600, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO BN 970-648-048-X PY 2000 BP 11 EP 26 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW16B UT WOS:000181025500003 ER PT B AU Saxton, K AF Saxton, K BE Karabayev, M Satybaldin, A Benites, J Friedrich, T Pala, M Payne, T TI No-tillage seeding: Criteria, machines and performance SO CONSERVATION TILLAGE: A VISIBLE OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN EURASIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Conservation Tillage CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN SP Natl Acad Ctr Agrarian Res, AI Baraev Kazakh Res Int Grain Farming, FAO, CIMMYT, ICARDA AB conservation tillage farming is becoming a very popular and effective farming system in, many regions of the world. Key to this farming system is a seeding machine which can manage effective and timely seeding in a largely non-tilled soil, with, remaining surface residues from previous crops. Many early machines were slightly modified versions of former ones. used under tilled soil conditions, but recent developments have shown much improved effectiveness with machines developed specifically for conservation tillage. This paper provides a summary of the criteria and performance to be met by an effective conservation; tillage seeding machine and broad categories of the current machines in use. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Saxton, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE MEJORAMIENTO DE MAIZ Y TRIGO PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 6-641 CP 06600, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO BN 970-648-048-X PY 2000 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW16B UT WOS:000181025500014 ER PT B AU Morrison, J AF Morrison, J BE Karabayev, M Satybaldin, A Benites, J Friedrich, T Pala, M Payne, T TI The role of residue management in adoption of conservation tillage SO CONSERVATION TILLAGE: A VISIBLE OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN EURASIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Conservation Tillage CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN SP Natl Acad Ctr Agrarian Res, AI Baraev Kazakh Res Int Grain Farming, FAO, CIMMYT, ICARDA C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Morrison, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE MEJORAMIENTO DE MAIZ Y TRIGO PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 6-641 CP 06600, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO BN 970-648-048-X PY 2000 BP 121 EP 123 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW16B UT WOS:000181025500015 ER PT J AU Winter, H Huber, SC AF Winter, H Huber, SC TI Regulation of sucrose metabolism in higher plants: Localization and regulation of activity of key enzymes SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE actin cytoskeleton; 14-3-3 proteins; invertase; SNF1 protein kinase; CDPK; regulatory protein phosphorylation; sucrose-phosphate synthase; sucrose-sensing; sucrose synthase; translocation ID PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; STORED POTATO-TUBERS; APOPLASMIC INVERTASE INHIBITOR; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; YEAST-DERIVED INVERTASE; BUNDLE-SHEATH-CELLS; ALPHA-AMYLASE GENE; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Sucrose (Suc) plays a central role in plant growth and development. It is a major end product of photosynthesis and functions as a primary transport sugar and in some cases as a direct or indirect regulator of gene expression. Research during the last 2 decades has identified the pathways involved and which enzymes contribute to the control of flux. Availability of metabolites for Suc synthesis and 'demand' for products of sucrose degradation are important factors, but this review specifically focuses on the biosynthetic enzyme sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), and the degradative enzymes, sucrose synthase (SuSy), and the invertases. Recent progress has included the cloning of genes encoding these enzymes and the elucidation of posttranslational regulatory mechanisms. Protein phosphorylation is emerging as an important mechanism controlling SPS activity in response to various environmental and endogenous signals. In terms of Suc degradation, invertase-catalyzed hydrolysis generally has been associated with cell expansion, whereas SuSy-catalyzed metabolism has been linked with biosynthetic processes (e.g., cell wall or storage products). Recent results indicate that SuSy may be localized in multiple cellular compartments: (1) as a soluble enzyme in the cytosol (as traditionally assumed); (2) associated with the plasma membrane; and (3) associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of SuSy has been shown to occur and may be one of the factors controlling localization of the enzyme. The purpose of this review is to summarize some of the recent developments relating to regulation of activity and localization of key enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Biol Pflanzenphysiol, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 215 TC 143 Z9 159 U1 7 U2 74 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1040-9238 J9 CRIT REV BIOCHEM MOL JI Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 253 EP 289 DI 10.1080/07352680091139178 PG 37 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 352XW UT WOS:000089245500001 PM 11005202 ER PT J AU Winter, H Huber, SC AF Winter, H Huber, SC TI Regulation of sucrose metabolism in higher plants: Localization and regulation of activity of key enzymes SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE actin cytoskeleton; 14-3-3 proteins; invertase; SNF1 protein kinase; CDPK; regulatory protein phosphorylation; sucrose-phosphate synthase; sucrose-sensing; sucrose synthase; translocation ID PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; STORED POTATO-TUBERS; APOPLASMIC INVERTASE INHIBITOR; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; YEAST-DERIVED INVERTASE; BUNDLE-SHEATH-CELLS; ALPHA-AMYLASE GENE; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Sucrose (Suc) plays a central role in plant growth and development. It is a major end product of photosynthesis and functions as a primary transport sugar and in some cases as a direct or indirect regulator of gene expression. Research during the last 2 decades has identified the pathways involved and which enzymes contribute to the control of flux. Availability of metabolites for Suc synthesis and 'demand' for products of sucrose degradation are important factors, but this review specifically focuses on the biosynthetic enzyme sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), and the degradative enzymes, sucrose synthase (SuSy), and the invertases. Recent progress has included the cloning of genes encoding these enzymes and the elucidation of posttranslational regulatory mechanisms. Protein phosphorylation is emerging as an important mechanism controlling SPS activity in response to various environmental and endogenous signals. In terms of Suc degradation, invertase-catalyzed hydrolysis generally has been associated with cell expansion, whereas SuSy-catalyzed metabolism has been linked with biosynthetic processes (e.g., cell wall or storage products). Recent results indicate that SuSy may be localized in multiple cellular compartments: (1) as a soluble enzyme in the cytosol (as traditionally assumed); (2) associated with the plasma membrane; and (3) associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of SuSy has been shown to occur and may be one of the factors controlling localization of the enzyme. The purpose of this review is to summarize some of the recent developments relating to regulation of activity and localization of key enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in plants. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Biol Pflanzenphysiol, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 216 TC 171 Z9 200 U1 6 U2 51 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0735-2689(01)80002-2 PG 37 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 291MD UT WOS:000085738000002 ER PT J AU Wilkins, TA Rajasekaran, K Anderson, DM AF Wilkins, TA Rajasekaran, K Anderson, DM TI Cotton biotechnology SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE disease resistance; genetically modified; genomics; Gossypium; herbicide resistance; input traits; insect resistance; cotton fiber; output traits; tissue culture; transformation; transgenic ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; VEGETATIVE INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE GENE; KURSTAKI DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; SYRINGAE PV TABACI; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AB Genetically modified (GM) cotton altered for insect and herbicide resistance released into commercial production in 1996 to 1997 now accounts for the lion's share of cotton acreage in the U.S. The rapid increase in transgenic cotton acreage in such a short period of time attests to the overall success of agricultural biotechnology. Grower satisfaction with transgenic cotton is largely due to several significant benefits, such as lower production costs, streamlined yet flexible management, and a reduced impact on the environment. This review article provides an overview of what has been accomplished thus far, as well as what improved germplasm may lurk on the horizon. A critical assessment of the gene delivery systems in cotton and possible targets for improvement is presented. The performance of the first generation of transgenic cotton plants engineered for insect, disease, or herbicide resistance is evaluated from the perspective of the benefits, the limitations that impact field performance, and management strategies. A few traits that hold future promise for increasing fiber productivity, enhancing and/or increasing the novelty of cotton-based products for the consumer, and improving human health and well-being are presented. Above all, cotton biotechnology offers to greatly enhance breeding programs by introducing novel traits that have eluded more traditional plant improvement methods and therefore will Likely play an increasingly important role in the genetic improvement of cotton. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Phytogen Seed Co, LLC, Corcoran, CA USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tawilkins@ucdavis.edu NR 217 TC 73 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 EI 1549-7836 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 511 EP + DI 10.1080/07352680091139286 PG 42 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 380LX UT WOS:000165704300002 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Vogel, KP Balasko, JA Berdahl, JD Miller, DA Hansen, JL Fritz, JO AF Casler, MD Vogel, KP Balasko, JA Berdahl, JD Miller, DA Hansen, JL Fritz, JO TI Genetic progress from 50 years of smooth bromegrass breeding SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; DIGESTIBILITY; YIELD AB Since its introduction from Eurasia, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) has become an important cool-season forage grass in North America. The objective of this study was to document breeding progress in smooth bromegrass between 1942 and 1995 in North America. Thirty cultivars or experimental populations were tested at up to seven sites in the eastern and central USA, with a range of soil types and climates. There have been small genetic changes in forage yield, brown leafspot resistance [caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Died) Drechs,], in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. Brown leafspot resistance increased gradually, averaging 0.21 units decade(-1). Mean forage yield did not change for cultivars developed after 1942, but was 0.54 Mg ha(-1) (7.2%) higher for the post-1942 group than in 'Lincoln', a direct representative of smooth bromegrass introduced into North America. Selection for increased IVDMD led to an average increase in IVDMD of 9 g kg(-1) (1.4%), an increase in forage yield of 0.33 Mg ha(-1) (5.0%), and a decrease in NDF of -8 g kg(-1) (-1.2%) in the post-1942 group. The slow rate of progress for smooth bromegrass forage yield is due to its complex polyploid inheritance, emphasis on traits other than forage yield, and relatively little concentrated attention from public and private breeders. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Ctr, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300004 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Redinbaugh, MG Zhang, Y AF Jones, TA Redinbaugh, MG Zhang, Y TI The western wheatgrass chloroplast genome originates in Pseudoroegneria SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DNA; POACEAE; NUCLEOTIDE; TRITICEAE; SEQUENCE; NDHF AB The octoploid Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love (StHNsXm) arose from hybrization among four diploid genera, three of which are known from genome analysis, but the diploid origin of the Pascopyrum chloroplast genome remains unknown. Identification of the maternal parents in the hybridizations leading to Pascopyrum will guide efforts to reconstruct allopolyploid germplasm from ancestral taxa. We compared the DNA sequences of a 762-base pair (bp) segment of the ndhF (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit Fl chloroplast gene of western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii; StHNsXm) with that of its putative allotetraploid, i.e., Elymus (StH) and Leymus (NsXm), and diploid, i.e., Pseudoroegneria (St),Hordeum (H), Psathyrostachys (Ns), ancestors. To ascertain the 2x to 8x chloroplast phylogeny, the gene sequences were aligned and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. Pascopyrum smithii differed by 0 to 2 and 6 to 9 bp from its two 4x ancestors, Elymus and Leymus, respectively. Elymus differed by 2 and 10 to 13 bp from its two 2x ancestors, Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum, respectively. Pascopyrum, Elymus, and Pseudoroegneria taxa clustered together, but separately from Leymus and Hordeum taxa. The Pascopyrum chloroplast genome appears to have originated from the diploid Pseudoroegneria through the tetraploid Elymus. De novo synthesis of Pascopyrum germplasm from its tetraploid ancestors should be conducted with cognizance of the preference for Pseudoroegneria cytoplasm found in nature. Leymus differed from its diploid ancestor, Psathyrostachys, by 14 to 15 bp, indicating that the second unknown diploid ancestor of Leymus may have contributed its chloroplast DNA. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300008 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG AF Palmer, RG TI Genetics of four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean mutants SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; GENIC MALE-STERILITY; GLYCINE-MAX; INHERITANCE; K2 AB Mutations affecting male cell and organ development mag produce male-sterile, female-fertile plants that have application in plant breeding, In studies designed to test recombination frequencies and allelism, four such mutants were identified independently in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr,] populations that were characterized by chromosomal instability. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of these four mutants and to test allelism with the seven known male-sterile, female-fertile soybean mutants. Allelism tests were done with male-sterile, female-fertile plants as female parents and known heterozygotes as male parents. All four mutants were inherited as single recessive nuclear genes. Male-sterile mutants (MSM)-1, MSM-2, MSM-3, and MSM-4 were nonallelic to each other, Mutants MSM-1, MSM-2, and MSM-3 were nonallelic to known mutants. They were assigned Genetic Type Collection numbers T357H, T358H, and T359H and the gene loci were assigned the symbols Ms7 ms7, Ms8 ms8, and Ms9 ms9, respectively, Mutant MSM-4 was allelic to T259H (Ms2 ms2) and was designated T360H Ms2 ms2 (Ames), The T259H Ms2 ms2 mutant becomes T259H Ms2 ms2 (Eldorado), Dehisced anthers From MSM-1 and MSM-4 were similar in phenotype. Aborted pollen grains of MSM-2 and MSM-3 were different in phenotype from each other and from the seven known male-sterile, female-fertile soybean mutants. These four independently derived male-sterile, female-fertile mutants could be used in plant breeding to produce hybrid seed. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICG Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300015 ER PT J AU Espinosa-Victoria, D Vance, CP Graham, PH AF Espinosa-Victoria, D Vance, CP Graham, PH TI Host variation in traits associated with crown nodule senescence in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DINITROGEN FIXATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; EARLY NODULATION; ROOT-NODULES; ACCUMULATION; GLYCEOLLIN; ALFALFA AB Active N-2 fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Minnesota is limited by cool early-season soil temperatures and by postflowering nodule senescence. This study examined variation in onset of nodule senescence among Maturity Group I soybean cultivars and sought traits associated with this variation. Host genotype markedly affected onset of crown nodule senescence. For most cultivars, crown nodule fresh weight and specific nodule activity (SNA) peaked 31 to 38 d after emergence (DAE) and declined rapidly thereafter. In contrast, maximum crown nodule fresh weight in 'Hardin' and 'Hodgson 78' did not occur until 52 DAE, and SNA was stilt high 45 to 52 DAE. Two cultivars, Chippewa and Alpha, that exhibited early change in crown nodule mass and SNA, accumulated glyceollin I 10 to 45 DAE at rates significantly greater than for Hardin and Hodgson 78. The four cultivars also differed in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) gene expression, nodule protease activity, and polyamine accumulation. Morphological changes within the nodule paralleled the biochemical differences, with Chippewa nodules 45 DAE showing more conspicuous deterioration than was evident in Hardin, Because crown-nodule mass and nitrogenase activity in Hardin and Hodgson 78 declined later than in other Maturity Group I cultivars, with less evidence of host-strain incompatibility, these two lines may have value in breeding programs to extend the period of active nodulation and N-2 fixation in soybean. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Colegio Postgrad, Programa Edafol, Montecillo, Mexico. RP Graham, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300019 ER PT J AU Whitehead, SJ Summerfield, RJ Muehlbauer, FJ Coyne, CJ Ellis, RH Wheeler, TR AF Whitehead, SJ Summerfield, RJ Muehlbauer, FJ Coyne, CJ Ellis, RH Wheeler, TR TI Crop improvement and the accumulation and partitioning of biomass and nitrogen in lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HARVEST INDEX; RESIDUE PRODUCTION; WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD; SEED AB Domestication and subsequent genetic enhancement in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) have involved changes in plant structure and DM distribution. These changes were examined using a "genetic gradient" comprising three representatives each of Lens orientalis (Boiss.) progenitors, landraces, pre-1980 cultivars, and modern germplasm, All 12 genotypes were sown at Pullman, WA, in 1996 and 1997, and at Reading, UK, in 1997, The biomass fall genotypes) and N concentration (four genotypes) of above-ground tissues were measured at 50% flowering (leaf and stem) and at reproductive maturity (leaf, stem, pod wall and seed). The progenitors produced meager biomass (averaging 0.72 Mg ha(-1)) and poor HI (0.19). and consequently small seed yields (0.11 Mg ha(-1)). Productive landraces had substantially higher biomass (3.52 Mg ha(-1)), improved HI (0.34), and larger seed yields (1.13 Mg ha(-1)). Biomass and seed yield were increased further by the selection of cultivars: (5.11 and 1.32 Mg ha(-1), respectively). The development of modern germplasm by hybridization further increased seed yields (1.95 Mg ha(-1)). Consistent seed yield improvements have not been associated with consistent increases in HI. Instead a strong, positive correlation between seed yield and biomass has persisted. NHI increased more rapidly than HI and is unlikely to increase further in the future. Future seed yield improvement will therefore depend on increased IU accumulation. Reliance on N-2 fixation must be supported by increased photosynthetic capacity and therefore by vegetative biomass. An advantageous correlation between seed yield and residue production seems likely to persist as crop improvement continues. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Plant Environm Lab, Reading RG6 9AD, Berks, England. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Summerfield, RJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Agr, Plant Environm Lab, Cutbush Lane, Reading RG6 9AD, Berks, England. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 110 EP 120 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300020 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Crafts-Brandner, SJ Sutton, TG AF MacKown, CT Crafts-Brandner, SJ Sutton, TG TI Early-season plant nitrate test for leaf yield and nitrate concentration of air-cured burley tobacco SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PETIOLE SAP NITRATE; NITROGEN; REQUIREMENTS; POTATO; WHEAT AB Profitable yield and satisfactory leaf quality of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L,) require proper management of N fertilizer, The level of tissue NO3- in tobacco may be a suitable diagnostic test of crop N sufficiency that could be used for N management decisions, This study determined the suitability of early-season tissue NO3- as a predictor of air-cured leaf yield and NO3- concentration. Burley tobacco was grown in 1991 and 1992 on a well-drained Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Paleudalf) and a moderately well-drained Captina silt loam (fine, silty, siliceous, mesic Typic Fragiudult) broadcast fertilized just before transplanting with 0 to 392 kg N ha(-1). Tissue NO3- levels of plants sampled from 3 to 5 wk after transplanting and air-cured leaf yields increased with increasing amounts of fertilizer N. Responses differed depending on location and year. When the results were expressed as the percentage of the maximum within year and location, the relationship of leaf yield to early-season NO3- was described by a single linear equation (y = 51.0 + 0.448x; r(2) = 0.808, P less than or equal to 0.001). However, to use this equation, it would be necessary to include in each tobacco field evaluated a strip of fertilizer N producing near maximum yield. The NO3- concentration of burley tobacco between 3 and 5 wk after transplanting was suitable for predicting the NO3- concentration of air-cured leaf lamina from the top, middle, and bottom stalk positions, and appeared to be insensitive to year and location effects, Use of plant NO3- concentration, as an early-season diagnostic test to predict N sufficiency and NO3- concentration of cured leaf lamina, appeared to offer promise for better N management of burley tobacco. Such a test during the interval between 3 and 5 wk after transplanting fits well into the normal cultivation practices. However, further research would be needed to calibrate the amount of additional N required to correct N deficits by banding N. C1 USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300027 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ AF Kasperbauer, MJ TI Strawberry yield over red versus black plastic mulch SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; PLANTS; TOMATO; FIELD; END AB Plastic mulches are frequently used in raised-bed culture of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) to conserve water, control weeds with less herbicides, and keep Fruit dean. The most commonly used plastic mulch color is black. It was hypothesized that a specially formulated red plastic mulch that reflects a higher far-red to red photon ratio could regulate photosynthate allocation enough to increase yield of strawberry, Yields over the red plastic (SRM-Red) were compared with those over standard black plastic in held experiments at a research center and on a commercial strawberry farm. Yield per plant and size per berry were greater over the red than over the black plastic at both locations, The yield advantage of red mulch relative to black occurred whether the red plastic was placed directly over the soil or over a layer of black plastic. It is concluded that strawberries were larger over the new red plastic mulch because reflected far-red and red light affected phytochrome-mediated allocation of photosynthate, and more was directed to developing fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300028 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Milton, T Mass, RA AF Pedersen, JF Milton, T Mass, RA TI A twelve-hour in vitro procedure for sorghum grain feed quality assessment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING CATTLE DIETS; NET CARBOHYDRATE; PROTEIN SYSTEM; STARCH DISAPPEARANCE; DIGESTIBILITY; GENE AB Improved methods for assessing cereal crop feed value are a prerequisite for the genetic improvement of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] feed value. Rate of starch digestion is non; commonly believed to be the limiting factor in sorghum utilization by cattle (Ros taurus), However, techniques to assess this trait are not useful to sorghum breeders because of high labor inputs, lab error associated with starch measurement, and need for high numbers of replications. The objective of this study was to develop a simple technique capable of identifying differences in digestion between sorghum and corn (Zea mays L,) and detecting differences among sorghum genotypes, In vitro starch and dry matter digestion were measured on sorghum and corn lab standards at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 40 h. Maximum differentiation between corn and sorghum dry matter digestion (345 vs. 253 g kg(-1)) and starch digestion (403 vs. 301 g kg(-1)) occurred at 12 h. and dry matter and starch digestion were highly correlated (r = 0.99). Differences among five sorghum lines were significant for 12-h dry matter digestion and ranged from 229 to 272 g kg(-1). This procedure provides a precise and rapid technique that can be used by feed grain breeders to evaluate modifications in grain digestion parameters. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300033 ER PT J AU Smith, JSC Kresovich, S Hopkins, MS Mitchell, SE Dean, RE Woodman, WL Lee, M Porter, K AF Smith, JSC Kresovich, S Hopkins, MS Mitchell, SE Dean, RE Woodman, WL Lee, M Porter, K TI Genetic diversity among elite sorghum inbred lines assessed with simple sequence repeats SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L MOENCH; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; DNA MARKERS; SSR MARKERS; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; PEDIGREE; WHEAT AB DNA markers are being increasingly utilized in cultivar development, quality control of seed production, measurement of genetic diversity for conservation management, varietal identity, and to assist in maintenance of intellectual property protection (IPP). The use of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for variety profiling can provide high discrimination, with excellent reproducibility at less cost than for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential utility of SSR technology for applications in research, product development, reed production, and genetic resource conservation management for sorghum, Fifty genetically diverse elite sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L,) Moench] inbreds were used to compare the discrimination abilities of 15 SSR primers with 104 RFLPs and to compare the associations among lines revealed by these molecular data and by pedigrees. RFLP data allowed all lines to be uniquely identified; two lines could not be distinguished by the SSR data. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.62 (RFLPs) and 0.58 (SSRs), Correlations for pairwise molecular profile distances with pedigree distances among the maintainer female (B) lines were 0.52 and 0.53 for RFLP and SSR data, respectively; data for the male parental restorer (R) lines were 0.41 and 0.47. This set of SSRs could be used to help genetic conservation management and to support IPP, Data from additional SSRs that collectively cover more of the genome will he required for applications to assist in breeding. C1 Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Res Technol Serv, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Sorghum Res, Plainview, TX 79072 USA. RP Smith, JSC (reprint author), Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Res Technol Serv, 7300 NW 62nd Ave,POB 1004, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300036 ER PT J AU Rector, BG All, JN Parrott, WA Boerman, HR AF Rector, BG All, JN Parrott, WA Boerman, HR TI Quantitative trait loci for antibiosis resistance to corn earworm in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; LINKAGE MAP; MARKERS; GENOTYPES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB In more than 25 yr since the discovery of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] resistance to defoliating insects, attempts to introgress this trait into elite germplasm have been relatively unsuccessful. Resistance to defoliating insects in soybean is expressed as a combination of antibiosis (toxicity) and antixenosis (nonpreference). Both of these resistance modes are inherited quantitatively in soybean. The objectives of this study were (i) to use restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in soybean for antibiosis against corn earworm (CEW) (Helicoverpa tea Boddie), (ii) to determine the relative magnitude, gene action, and genomic locations of these QTLs, and (iii) to compare them to previously detected soybean antixenosis QTLs. Restriction fragment length polymorphism maps were constructed in three soybean F-2 populations segregating for antibiosis against CEW:'Cobb' x PI171451, Cobb x PI227687, and Cobb x PI229358. Antibiosis was measured as larval weight gain in a detached leaf assay. The RFLP data were associated with insect bioassay data to detect QTLs for antibiosis in each cross. Variance component heritability estimates for antibiosis in the three crosses were 54, 42, and 62% in Cobb x PI171451, Cobb x PI227687, and Cobb x PI229358, respectively. An antibiosis QTL on Linkage Group (LG) M was detected in both Cobb x PI171451 and Cobb x PI229358 (R-2 values of 28 and 22%, respectively). An antixenosis QTL was also significant at this location in the same two crosses. This was the only insect-resistance QTL that was detected for both antibiosis and antixenosis. Antibiosis QTLs were also detected on LGs F and B2 in Cobb x PI227687 (R-2 = 33 and 12%, respectively), and LGs G and J in Cobb x PI229358 (R-2 = 19% for each). Antibiosis was conditioned by the PI(resistant parent) allele at the QTLs on LGs G, M, and B2, whereas the susceptible parent, Cobb, provided antibiosis alleles at the QTLs on LGs F and J. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rector, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300037 ER PT J AU Rebetzke, GJ Read, JJ Barbour, MM Condon, AG Rawson, HM AF Rebetzke, GJ Read, JJ Barbour, MM Condon, AG Rawson, HM TI A hand-held porometer for rapid assessment of leaf conductance in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPIRATION; YIELD; PROGRESS AB Grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been associated with variation in leaf stomatal conductance. However, breeding programs have been reluctant to exploit this relationship because the equipment required is either too costly or too slow for assessing large breeding populations. This study compared a new hand-held viscous-flow porometer against a steady-state diffusion porometer for leaf conductance measured on progeny derived from widely varying conductance wheats,'Quarrion' and 'Genaro 81'. Leaf conductance values from the two instruments were related linearly, and significant phenotypic (r(p) = 0.76-0,90**) and genotypic (r(g) = 0.75-0.98**) correlations were obtained across sampling days, suggesting the new porometer is a robust predictor of leaf diffusive conductance. The enhanced speed of the new viscous-dow porometer in evaluating variation for leaf conductance should enable wheat breeders to screen large breeding populations for leaf conductance more efficiently. C1 CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Rebetzke, GJ (reprint author), CSIRO Plant Ind, POB 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010; Condon, Anthony/F-3255-2011; OI Barbour, Margaret/0000-0001-9220-0015 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300044 ER PT J AU Mosjidis, JA Owsley, CM Kirkland, MS Rogers, KM AF Mosjidis, JA Owsley, CM Kirkland, MS Rogers, KM TI Registration of 'AU Sunrise' crimson clover SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA NRCS, Jimmy Carter Plant Mat Ctr, Americus, GA 31709 USA. USDA NRCS, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Mosjidis, JA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Owsley, Cynthia/B-7986-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300046 ER PT J AU Busch, RH Mcvey, DV Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA Edwards, I Schmidt, HJ AF Busch, RH Mcvey, DV Linkert, GL Wiersma, JV Dill-Macky, R Hareland, GA Edwards, I Schmidt, HJ TI Registration of 'HJ98' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Crookston, MN 56716 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Biowest Australia Pty Ltd, Joondalup, WA 6919, Australia. Pioneer HiBred Int, Moorhead, MN 56560 USA. RP Busch, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 296 EP 297 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300056 ER PT J AU Mclaughlin, MR Pederson, GA AF Mclaughlin, MR Pederson, GA TI Registration of PSVR1 white clover germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Mclaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300059 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Coffman, VA AF Kraft, JM Coffman, VA TI Registration of 96-2052, 96-2058, 96-2068, 96-2198, and 96-2222 pea germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300063 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Coffman, VA AF Kraft, JM Coffman, VA TI Registration of 97-261 and 97-2154 pea germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 302 EP 303 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300064 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Coffman, VA AF Kraft, JM Coffman, VA TI Registration of 97-363, 97-2170, and 97-2162 pea germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Irrig Agr Res & Ext Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300065 ER PT J AU Saunders, JW AF Saunders, JW TI Registration of SR93 sugarbeet germplasm with smooth root SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEET C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Saunders, JW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300066 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Young, LD AF Kilen, TC Young, LD TI Registration of D95-5246 soybean germplasm line resistant to phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 196, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300067 ER PT J AU Morris, CF Konzak, CF AF Morris, CF Konzak, CF TI Registration of D-null 'Bai Huo' waxy wheat germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-B; FRIABILIN C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E 202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NW Plant Breeding Co, Pullman, WA USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E 202, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 287KP UT WOS:000085505300068 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Banks, D Jarret, RL Chang, CJ Smith, BJ AF Chen, JC Banks, D Jarret, RL Chang, CJ Smith, BJ TI Use of 16S rDNA sequences as signature characters to identify Xylella fastidiosa SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS; PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION; LIMITED BACTERIUM; RNA SEQUENCES; LEAF SCORCH; CULTURE; STRAINS; PCR AB The nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNAs (coding for the small subunit ribosomal RNAs) were used to identify Xylella fastidiosa, a nutritionally fastidious plant pathogenic bacterium. The near-complete 16S rDNAs from nine strains of Xyl. fastidiosa, including seven pathotypes and one strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv, campestris, were amplified through PCR with two conserved primers (forward primer 5'-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3' and reverse primer 5'-AAG GAG GTG ATC CAG CC-3') and sequenced. The 16S sequences were compared with all eukaryote and prokaryote DNA entries in GenBank database. A Xyl. fastidiosa 16S rDNA sequence, M26601, was determined to be the most similar to all the near-complete (1537 bp) and partial 5' end sequences from Xyl. fastidiosa, but not those from the Xanthomonas strain. A 20-bp oligonucleotide (5'-TTG GTA GTA ATA CCA TGG GT-3') was found to be highly characteristic of Xyl. fastidiosa. Since the 16S rDNA of Xyl. fastidiosa strains are highly homologous and characteristically different from other bacteria, including the most closely related Xanthomonas, 16S rDNA sequences can be used as signature characters to identify this bacterium. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Genet Resources, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s002849910006 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 260WK UT WOS:000083976300006 PM 10568800 ER PT J AU Schmid, M Nanda, I Guttenbach, M Steinlein, C Hoehn, H Schartl, M Haaf, T Weigend, S Fries, R Buerstedde, JM Wimmers, K Burt, DW Smith, J A'Hara, S Law, A Griffin, DK Bumstead, N Kaufman, J Thomson, PA Burke, T Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Vignal, A Fillon, V Morisson, M Pitel, F Tixier-Boichard, M Ladjali-Mohammedi, K Hillel, J Maki-Tanila, A Cheng, HH Delany, ME Burnside, J Mizuno, S AF Schmid, M Nanda, I Guttenbach, M Steinlein, C Hoehn, H Schartl, M Haaf, T Weigend, S Fries, R Buerstedde, JM Wimmers, K Burt, DW Smith, J A'Hara, S Law, A Griffin, DK Bumstead, N Kaufman, J Thomson, PA Burke, T Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Vignal, A Fillon, V Morisson, M Pitel, F Tixier-Boichard, M Ladjali-Mohammedi, K Hillel, J Maki-Tanila, A Cheng, HH Delany, ME Burnside, J Mizuno, S TI First report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2000 SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Review ID RADIATION HYBRID MAP; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; DROSOPHILA HOMEOTIC GENES; BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; GALLUS-GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; LINKAGE MAP; EVOLUTIONARY CONSERVATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING C1 Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Dept Human Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Physiol Chem 1, Wurzburg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Berlin, Germany. Fed Agr Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci & Anim Behav, Mariensee, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Anim Breeding, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Univ Bonn, Dept Anim Breeding, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Heinrich Pette Inst Expt Virol & Immunol, Dept Cellular Immunol, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Roslin Inst, Dept Genom & Bioinformat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Brunel Univ, Mol Biol Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Compton, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands. INRA, F-31931 Toulouse, France. INRA, F-35042 Rennes, France. Inst Embryol Cellulaire & Mol, Nogent Sur Marne, France. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Agr Res Ctr, Dept Anim Prod, SF-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE USA. Nihon Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Chem, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Schmid, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Dept Human Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM m.schmid@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de; ijn@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de; Dave.Burt@BBSRC.AC.UK RI Nolen, Danielle/A-5250-2010; Crozier, Laura/C-5891-2011; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Smith, Jacqueline/C-7719-2013; Pitel, Frederique/C-2847-2009; Burke, Terry/B-3196-2011; OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Pitel, Frederique/0000-0002-1477-7633; Burke, Terry/0000-0003-3848-1244; Schartl, Manfred/0000-0001-9882-5948 NR 238 TC 267 Z9 281 U1 0 U2 9 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 218 DI 10.1159/000056772 PG 50 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 388BU UT WOS:000166158200001 PM 11124517 ER PT J AU Kahl, S Elsasser, TH Blum, JW AF Kahl, S Elsasser, TH Blum, JW TI Effect of endotoxin challenge on hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity in cattle SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SICK EUTHYROID SYNDROME; FACTOR-ALPHA-CACHECTIN; THYROID-HORMONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; RAT; INTERLEUKIN-1; THYROTROPIN; RESPONSES AB Thyroid status is compromised in a variety of acute and chronic infections and toxin-mediated disease states. Conversion of thyroxine (T-4) into the metabolically active hormone, triiodothyronine (T-3), is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinase (5'D). Our objective was to determine the effect of endotoxin (LPS) challenge with and without L-arginine (Arg) infusion on hepatic activity of 5'D and plasma concentrations of T-4 and T-3. In a 2 x 2 factorial, beef heifers (275-310 kg b.wt.) were fed low (8% CP; 6.5 kg/d) or high (14% CP; 7.2 kg/d) isocaloric protein diets (1.96 Mcal/kg DM) for 10 d before LPS challenge. L-Arginine in saline (0.5 g/kg b.wt.) or saline alone was infused iv throughout an 8 hr period starting 2 kr before bolus LPS injection (Escherichia coli, 055:B5; 0.2 mu g/kg; iv). Blood samples were collected at -2, 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr relative to LPS injection. Liver samples were obtained 20 hr before, and then 6 and 24 hr after LPS challenge using a biopsy needle. Plasma T-4 and T-3 concentrations were not affected by dietary CP or Arg. Compared with levels at 0 hr, LPS challenge decreased plasma T-4 (P < 0.01) and T-3 (P < 0.001), respectively, 8.4% and 28.9% at 6 hr and 19.7% and 31.3% at 24 hr. Consistent with these changes, the T-3:T-4 ratio was lower than that at 0 hr (P < 0.001) 22.0% at 6 hr and 13.5% at 24 hr. Hepatic 5'D activities 20 hr before LPS injection were 2.80 +/- 0.11 nmol I-. hr(-1). mg protein(-1) and decreased 24 hr after LPS, respectively, 45.4% (P < 0.01) and 17.6% (P < 0.05) in saline- and Arg-infused heifers. The results indicate that mild LPS challenge in cattle inhibits hepatic generation of T-3 and decreases plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones. The data also suggest that the impact of LPS on 5'D activity in liver can be altered by Arg supplementation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Anim Breeding, Div Nutr Pathol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Kahl, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 211E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(99)00069-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 285MU UT WOS:000085393500011 PM 10701770 ER PT B AU Motha, R AF Motha, R BE Wilhite, DA Sivakumar, MVK Wood, DA TI Recommendations on drought monitoring by the US national drought policy commission SO EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR DROUGHT PREPAREDNESS AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Export-Group Meeting on Early Warning Systems for Drought Preparedness and Drought Management CY SEP 05-07, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP World Meteorol Org, Inst Meteorol, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Univ Nebraska, Secretariat United Nat Convent Combat Desertificat, United Nat Dev Programme Off Combat Desertificat AB In 1998, the U.S. Congress passed the National Drought Policy Act, stating that the nation would benefit from a national drought policy based on preparedness and mitigation to reduce the need for emergency relief. The Act acknowledged that there was no consistent, comprehensive policy driving the federal role to help reduce the impacts of drought. It also created the National Drought Policy Commission to advise Congress on how to develop such a comprehensive national policy to mitigate the impacts of drought, to improve public awareness, and to achieve federal/nonfederal partnerships for better coordination and response to drought. Preparedness is the foundation for such a policy. A major recommendation focused on improved collaboration among scientists and managers to enhance the effectiveness of observation networks, monitoring, prediction, information delivery, and applied research and to foster public understanding of and preparedness for drought. C1 USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Motha, R (reprint author), USDA, World Agr Outlook Board, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 5133 So Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORG PI GENEVA PA SECRETARY-GENERAL, PO BOX 2300, CH-1211 2 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND J9 WORLD METEO PY 2000 IS 1037 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU82Y UT WOS:000177136400004 ER PT J AU Stevens, TH Belkner, R Dennis, D Kittredge, D Willis, C AF Stevens, TH Belkner, R Dennis, D Kittredge, D Willis, C TI Comparison of contingent valuation and conjoint analysis in ecosystem management SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE economic value; contingent valuation; ecosystem management; conjoint analysis ID RESOURCE AB Contingent valuation (CV) and conjoint analysis were used to estimate landowner's willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem management on non-industrial private forest land. The results suggest that even when conjoint and CV questions are the same. except for rating and pricing format, respectively, WTP estimates are quite different. Since most conjoint models essentially count 'maybe' responses to valuation questions as 'yes' responses, we conclude that conjoint model results often produce WTP estimates that are biased upwards. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Burlington, VT USA. RP Stevens, TH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, 226 Draper Hall, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. NR 19 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00071-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 270ZJ UT WOS:000084566800006 ER PT J AU Newman, JM Clausen, JC Neafsey, JA AF Newman, JM Clausen, JC Neafsey, JA TI Seasonal performance of a wetland constructed to process dairy milkhouse wastewater in Connecticut SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE BOD; Connecticut; constructed; dairy; denitrification; nitrogen; phosphorus; seasonal; wastewater; wetland ID NITROGEN REMOVAL; WATER TREATMENT; ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS; DENITRIFICATION; REED; NITRIFICATION; EFFLUENTS; CAPACITY; SYSTEMS; CARBON AB Constructed wetlands are gaining increased attention for treatment of nonpoint sources of water pollution. Although constructed wetlands have been utilized for wastewater treatment in warm climates, their performance in cold climates has been questioned. A surface-flow wetland, designed to treat 2.65 m(3) d(-1) of milkhouse wastewater, was constructed on the University of Connecticut's Storrs campus in 1994. The purpose of the project was to determine the efficiency of the system in reducing nitrogen, phosphorus, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). The wetland was designed to process an estimated BOD5 loading rate of 7.3 g m(-2) d(-1), which was less than half of the average actual loading rate. The overall percentage of mass retention was 94, 85, 68, 60 and 53% for TSS, BOD5, total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrite and total Kjeldahl-nitrogen, respectively. Although the wetland became a net source of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) following plant die back in fall 1994, NH3-N outflow concentrations have gradually declined over time. Mass retention was significantly greater (P < 0.05) during the summer than during the winter for all variables except FC. Denitrification rates measured using the acetylene block method have shown denitrification to be a minor removal mechanism (<1%) for nitrogen in this wetland. The mass balance indicated that settling and increased storage was the largest removal mechanism. The treatment of wastewater in this wetland did not meet design outflow concentration criteria, most likely due to BOD5 overloading. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Newman, JM (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, Mail Stop 7150,3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. NR 74 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 198 PG 18 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 245FJ UT WOS:000083095300014 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, TE TI Flower-feeding affects mating performance in male oriental fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera dorsalis; flower-feeding; mating success; pheromone; Tephritidae ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; DACUS-DORSALIS; FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; FEMALE AB 1. Males of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis are attracted to and feed on flowers of the golden shower blossom Cassia fistula. Flowers of this plant contain methyl eugenol, the metabolites of which apparently function in the synthesis of male sex pheromone. 2. The goal of the study reported here was to determine whether feeding on C. fistula flowers enhanced male mating success. Mating frequencies of unfed (control) and fed (treated) males were compared in trials conducted 0 (same day), 2, 7, or 21 days after treated males were exposed to the flowers. Trials were performed using flowers from three trees of C. fistula to investigate whether the effects of floral feeding were similar among different plants. 3. For all three trees, treated males accounted for a disproportionately large number of matings in trials performed 0, 2, and 7 days after floral feeding by the treated males. For two of the trees, treated males also had a mating advantage 21 days after flower-feeding. 4. Additional tests were conducted to compare female attraction to perch sites of control and treated males. When at a lek, males exhibit rigorous wing-fanning behaviour, presumably to increase dispersal of the sex pheromone. Floral feeding had no significant effect on the level of wing-fanning. Significantly more female sightings were recorded for perches of treated than control males, however, suggesting that the treated males produced a pheromone more attractive to females than did control males. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Evolut Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, APHIS, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Evolut Biol Program, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00231.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 287MB UT WOS:000085508700013 ER PT J AU Harris, EW Nowverl, A AF Harris, EW Nowverl, A TI What's happening to soul food? Regional and income differences in the African American diet SO ECOLOGY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE African American diet; dietary guidance; nutrition education; meal patterns AB When African American diets are described in the literature, they usually reflect traditional Southern diets. This study uses food consumption data from the USDA 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) to examine the African American diet. Foods consumed more frequently at breakfast, lunch and dinner were found to differ by region and income. These findings indicate that dietary guidance must consider evolving economic, social, cultural, environmental, and even ethnic changes within the African American community. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Community Nutr Res Grp, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Harris, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0367-0244 J9 ECOL FOOD NUTR JI Ecol. Food Nutr. PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 587 EP 603 PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 287QA UT WOS:000085516100007 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Goodman, MM Stuber, CW AF Sanchez, JJ Goodman, MM Stuber, CW TI Isozymatic and morphological diversity in the races of maize of Mexico SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; isozymes; genetic diversity; genetic differentiation ID INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; CLASSIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB To determine the relationships and genetic diversity among the Mexican races of maize, 209 accessions representing 59 races were analyzed for 21 enzyme systems encoded by 37 loci; 154 out of the 209 accessions were grown in multiple locations and seasons irt Mexico and 47 morphological characters were measured. A very high level of variation among and within the Mexican races was found. However, more than 65% of the alleles Sound in the accessions studied are rare, occurring at frequencies below 0.01. In addition, some populations have low levels of genetic diversity and have values of genetic differentiation similar to selfing crops. Most of the accessions with low values of genetic diversity are specialty varieties. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Km 15-5 Guadalajara Nogales, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 53 TC 67 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 1 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF02866599 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 299ZD UT WOS:000086227600005 ER PT B AU Lakhani, H AF Lakhani, H BE Unnevehr, LJ TI Benefit-cost analysis of reducing Salmonella enteritidis: Regulating shell eggs refrigeration SO ECONOMICS OF HACCP: COSTS AND BENEFITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Economics of HACCP CY JUN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS; GROWTH C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lakhani, H (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2079 USA BN 1-891127-16-0 PY 2000 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BS94Q UT WOS:000171466900008 ER PT B AU Ollinger, M AF Ollinger, M BE Unnevehr, LJ TI Market influences on sanitation and process control deficiencies in selected US slaughter industries SO ECONOMICS OF HACCP: COSTS AND BENEFITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Economics of HACCP CY JUN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID MORAL HAZARD; ORGANIZATION; INFORMATION C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ollinger, M (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2079 USA BN 1-891127-16-0 PY 2000 BP 171 EP 185 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BS94Q UT WOS:000171466900011 ER PT B AU Rusk, JS AF Rusk, JS BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Biosafety classification of livestock and poultry animal pathogens SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rusk, JS (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000002 ER PT B AU Wilson, TM Logan-Henfrey, L Weller, R Kellman, B AF Wilson, TM Logan-Henfrey, L Weller, R Kellman, B BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Agroterrorism, biological crimes, and biological warfare targeting animal agriculture SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID MOUTH-DISEASE; WEAPONS; CONSEQUENCES; BIOTERRORISM; ALLEGATIONS; EXPERIENCE; TERRORISM; EPIDEMIC; ZIMBABWE; FUTURE C1 USDA, Emergency Programs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Wilson, TM (reprint author), USDA, Emergency Programs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 90 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 23 EP 57 PG 35 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000003 ER PT B AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, DE BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Understanding the ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza viruses: Implications for zoonotic potential SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID A H5N1 VIRUS; HONG-KONG; COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; MALLARD DUCKS; INTRAVENOUS INOCULATION; MOUSE MODEL; CHICKENS; HUMANS; SEALS; INFECTIONS C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 96 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 101 EP 130 PG 30 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000006 ER PT B AU Detwiler, LA Rubenstein, R Williams, ES AF Detwiler, LA Rubenstein, R Williams, ES BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; FATAL FAMILIAL INSOMNIA; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; SCRAPIE AGENT; NATURAL SCRAPIE; EMBRYO-TRANSFER C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. RP Detwiler, LA (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 320 Corp Blvd, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 131 EP 159 PG 29 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000007 ER PT B AU Rhyan, JC AF Rhyan, JC BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife and marine mammals SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; BISON BISON-BISON; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SPECIES INFECTION; ABORTUS BIOVAR-1; UNITED-STATES; SUIS; TRANSMISSION; CATTLE C1 USDA, Natl Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Hlth Programs, Vet Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 161 EP 184 PG 24 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000008 ER PT B AU Whipple, DL Palmer, MV AF Whipple, DL Palmer, MV BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Reemergence of tuberculosis in animals in the United States SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTIONS; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; RED DEER; CULTURED MACROPHAGES; NATURAL INFECTION; TUBERCLE-BACILLI; NEW-ZEALAND; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Whipple, DL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 281 EP 299 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000014 ER PT B AU Loper, JE Stockwell, VO AF Loper, JE Stockwell, VO BE Kennedy, GG Sutton, TB TI Current status of biological control of plant disease SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS, RESEARCH, AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Technologies for Integrated Pest Management CY MAR 08-10, 1999 CL RALEIGH, NC SP USDA CSREES Pest Management Program, North Carolina Agr Res Serv, North Carolina Cooperat Extens Serv, NSF Ctr Pest Management, US EPA, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv ID PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; CONTROL AGENT; FIRE BLIGHT; BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; PEAR BLOSSOMS; ROOT-ROT C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA BN 0-89054-246-5 PY 2000 BP 240 EP 256 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BQ24E UT WOS:000087707300019 ER PT B AU Ellsbury, MM Clay, SA Fleischer, SJ Chandler, LD Schneider, SM AF Ellsbury, MM Clay, SA Fleischer, SJ Chandler, LD Schneider, SM BE Kennedy, GG Sutton, TB TI Use of GIS/GPS systems in IPM: Progress and reality SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS, RESEARCH, AND IMPLEMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Technologies for Integrated Pest Management CY MAR 08-10, 1999 CL RALEIGH, NC SP USDA CSREES Pest Management Program, North Carolina Agr Res Serv, North Carolina Cooperat Extens Serv, NSF Ctr Pest Management, US EPA, USDA Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GEOSTATISTICS; WEEDS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; REFLECTANCE; COLEOPTERA; IMPACT; CROPS C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA BN 0-89054-246-5 PY 2000 BP 419 EP 438 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BQ24E UT WOS:000087707300030 ER PT J AU Witt, KL Knapton, A Wehr, CM Hook, GJ Mirsalis, J Shelby, MD MacGregor, JT AF Witt, KL Knapton, A Wehr, CM Hook, GJ Mirsalis, J Shelby, MD MacGregor, JT TI Micronucleated erythrocyte frequency in peripheral blood of B6C3F(1) mice from short-term, prechronic, and chronic studies of the NTP carcinogenesis bioassay program SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE micronucleus assay; normochromatic erythrocytes; polychromatic erythrocytes; genetic damage; B6C3F(1) mice; chemical exposures ID FISCHER 344 RATS; INDUCTION; TOXICITY; 1,3-BUTADIENE; PERSISTENCE; INHALATION; EXPOSURES; PROTOCOL; BENZENE; DAMAGE AB The mouse peripheral blood micronucleus (MN) test was performed on samples collected from 20 short-term, 67 subchronic, and 5 chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Data are presented for studies not previously published. Aspects of protocol that distinguish this test from conventional short-term bone marrow MN tests are duration of exposure, and absence of repeat tests and concurrent positive controls. Furthermore, in contrast to short-term bone marrow MN tests where scoring is limited to polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), longer term studies using peripheral blood may evaluate MN in both, or either, the normochromatic (NCE) or PCE populations. The incidence of MN-PCE provides on index of damage induced within 72 hr of sampling, whereas the incidence of MN in the NCE population at steady state provides an index of average damage during the 30-day period preceding sampling. The mouse peripheral blood MN test has been proposed as a useful adjunct to rodent toxicity tests and has been effectively incorporated as a routine part of overall toxicity testing by the NTP. Data derived From peripheral blood MN analyses of dosed animals provide a useful indication of the in vivo potential for induced genetic damage and supply an important piece of evidence to be considered in the overall assessment of toxicity and health risk of a particular chemical. Although results indicate that the test has low sensitivity for prediction of carcinogenicity, a convincingly positive result in this assay appears to be highly predictive of rodent carcinogenicity. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ILS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Witt, KL (reprint author), ILS Inc, POB 13501, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 45 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 163 EP 194 DI 10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:3<163::AID-EM1>3.0.CO;2-P PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 369HJ UT WOS:000165059600001 PM 11044899 ER PT J AU Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Post, WM Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD AF Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Post, WM Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD TI Signal-transfer modeling for regional assessment of forest responses to environmental changes in the southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; eastern deciduous forest; geographic information system; global change; Monte Carlo simulation; nitrogen deposition; ozone; scaling up; site index; southern pine forest ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; LAND-USE; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE; SUCCESSION; DATABASE; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Stochastic transfer of information in a hierarchy of simulators is offered as a conceptual approach for assessing forest responses to changing climate and air quality across 13 southeastern states of the USA. This assessment approach combines geographic information system and Monte Carlo capabilities with several scales of computer modeling for southern pine species and eastern deciduous forests. Outputs, such as forest production, evapotranspiration and carbon pools, may be compared statistically for alternative equilibrium or transient scenarios providing a statistical basis for decision making in regional assessments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forestry, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Luxmoore, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1023/A:1019005510316 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337LN UT WOS:000088362600005 ER PT J AU Darwin, R Kennedy, D AF Darwin, R Kennedy, D TI Economic effects of CO2 fertilization of crops: transforming changes in yield into changes in supply SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; crops; carbon dioxide; economic welfare AB Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) have a beneficial effect on crop production that would tend to offset some of the economic losses that might be generated in some areas by the climatic effects of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Previous estimates of the economic benefits of CO2 fertilization on world crop production, however, were based on the assumption that percent changes in supply are equal to percent changes in yield. This assumption is not valid, however, because it confounds changes in supply with changes in quantity supplied. This error leads to an overestimation of the real economic benefits of CO2 fertilization by 61-166%. The effects of CO2 fertilization on crop production, therefore, will reduce some of the potential damages caused by the climatic impacts of greenhouse gases, but by significantly less than that indicated in earlier research. C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. ABARE, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Darwin, R (reprint author), ERS, USDA, Room 4180,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1023/A:1019013712133 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 349YR UT WOS:000089073700003 ER PT J AU Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA AF Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA TI Predicting crop yields under climate change conditions from monthly GCM weather projections SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE climate change; group method of data handling; soybeans; crop simulation; general circulation models ID 3 SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; NEURAL-NETWORK; TEMPERATURE; CO2 AB Estimation of changes in crop yields is currently based on projections of atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCM) and the use of crop simulators. Crop simulators require daily input of environmental variables. GCMs produce monthly projections of climatic variables. Our objective was to explore the possibility of using monthly weather projections in yield estimates. We considered atmospheric CO2 level, total solar radiation, average maximum and minimum temperature, and rainfall for five months of the growing season. The group method of data handling (GMDH) was applied to relate crop yields to these variables. Projections of GCMs were downscaled to provide daily weather variables for the Mississippi Delta, and weather patterns were obtained in 50 replications for each GCM. The soybean crop simulator GLYCIM was used to generate crop yields on sandy loam, loam and silt loam soils. The equations built with GMDH explained 81-85% of yield variability, acid included solar radiation in July and August, CO2 level, minimum temperature in June and August, and rainfall in August. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USDA ARS, NRI, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(99)00011-0 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267MK UT WOS:000084361600007 ER PT J AU Reich, RM Lundquist, J Bravo, VA AF Reich, RM Lundquist, J Bravo, VA TI Spatial relationship of resident and migratory birds and canopy openings in diseased ponderosa pine forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE habitat model; point process model; spatial patterns; species richness; logistic regression; minimum threshold theory; kriging; dwarf mistletoe ID BEAR HABITAT USE; MODEL; GIS AB A method is described for predicting the spatial distribution of individual birds using presence data. The approach is demonstrated using a statistical habitat association model developed for resident and migratory birds on a 12 ha plot of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) heavily infested with southwestern ponderosa pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vasinatum subsp. Cryptpodum (Englemann) Hawksworth and Weins). Bird locations and densiometer readings of canopy opening were recorded on a 5 mx5 m sampling grid. Minimum threshold theory was used to fit a logistic regression model to the presence data as a function of canopy opening. Highest occupancy of birds occurred at 61% canopy density. Higher probability of birds occurred in more dense canopy than less dense. Model validation indicated that the model adequately described the spatial distribution of the presence of individual birds with respect to canopy opening. Such a model could be used to determine stand conditions that are conducive and/or necessary for certain bird species, and to characterize and quantify the likely ecological consequences of changes to stand structure caused by diseases and other small scale disturbances. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Reich, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(99)00034-1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298MJ UT WOS:000086143200007 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Reiners, WA Keller, M Schimel, DS AF Liu, SG Reiners, WA Keller, M Schimel, DS TI Simulation of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from tropical primary forests in the Costa Rican Atlantic Zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE CENTURY; nitrogen; mineralization; modeling; rainfall; WFPS ID TRACE-GAS EMISSIONS; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; RAIN-FOREST; N2O PRODUCTION; WET FOREST; SOIL PROPERTIES; PASTURE; MODEL; DENITRIFICATION; DYNAMICS AB Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) are important atmospheric trace gases participating in the regulation of global climate and environment. Predictive models on the emissions of N(2)O and NO emissions from soil into the atmosphere are required. We modified the CENTURY model (Soil Sui. Sec. Am. J., 51 (1987) 1173) to simulate the emissions of N(2)O and NO from tropical primary forests in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica at a monthly time step. Combined fluxes of N(2)O and NO were simulated as a function of gross N mineralization and water-filled pore space (WFPS). The coefficients for partitioning N(2)O from NO were derived from field measurements (Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8 (1994) 399). The modified CENTURY was calibrated against observations of carbon stocks in various pools of forest ecosystems of the region, and measured WFPS and emission rates of N(2)O and NO from soil to the atmosphere. WFPS is an important factor regulating nutrient cycling and emissions of N(2)O and NO from soils making the accuracy of the WFPS prediction central to the modeling process. To do this, we modified the hydrologic submodel and developed a new method for the prediction of WFPS at the monthly scale from daily rainfall information. The new method is based on: (1) the relationship between monthly rainfall and the number of rainfall events, and (2) the relative cumulative frequency distribution of ranked daily rainfall events. The method is generic and should be applicable to other areas. Simulated monthly average WFPS was 0.68+/-0.02 - identical with the field measurement average of 0.68+/-0.02 from the annual cycle observed by Keller and Reiners (Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8 (1994) 399). Simulated fluxes of N(2)O and NO were 52.0+/-9.4 mg-N m(-2) month (1) and 6.5+/-0.7 mg-N m(-2) month(-1), respectively, compared with measured averages of 48.2+/-11.0 mg-N m(-2) month(-1) and 7.1+/-1.1 mg-N m(-2) month (1). The simulated N(2)O/NO ratio was 11.2+/-1.9 compared with the measured value of 10.9+/-4.7. WFPS is the dominant determinant of the fraction of gross N mineralization that is emitted from the soil as N(2)O and NO. If WFPS were not limiting during part of the year, this fraction would be 4.2%. With some periods of lower WFPS, the realized fraction is 2.2%. Because of the strong relationships between N(2)O and NO emission rates and rainfall and its derivative, WFPS, these moisture variables can be used to scale up nitrogen trace gas fluxes from sites to larger spatial scales. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@edemail.cr.usgs.gov RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 67 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 8 BP 727 EP 743 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(00)00030-X PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 382KD UT WOS:000165820700002 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Using bacterial growth on insects to assess nutrient impacts in streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic bacteria; benthic macroinvertebrates; bioindicator; eutrophication; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream pollution AB A combination field and laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a recently developed bioindicator to detect detrimental nutrient conditions in streams. The method utilizes bacterial growth on aquatic insects to determine nutrient impacts. Field investigations indicated that elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were associated with growth of filamentous bacteria on insect body surfaces, and that there was a significant reduction in the density of major insect taxa in the nutrient-enriched stream reaches. Laboratory investigations confirmed a strong linkage between bacterial growth and reduced survival of insects. Survival was examined for insects with bacterial infestation ranging from 0% to greater than 50% coverage of the body surface. A threshold for catastrophic mortality occurred at about 25% body coverage; there were few survivors above that amount. Based on these findings, the diagnostic endpoint for the bioindicator is 25% body coverage by bacterial growth, a level that signifies major impacts and is also easy to detect visually. This study provides additional evidence that the insect-bacteria bioindicator is a reliable tool for assessing nutrient impacts on stream macroinvertebrate communities. The bioindicator should prove useful for identifying nutrient-impacted sites as well as monitoring the success of management actions to improve water quality. C1 Virginia Tech Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Virginia Tech Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3 BP 431 EP 446 DI 10.1023/A:1006211929599 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 329LN UT WOS:000087908600003 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Rodgers, JH Cooper, CM Smith, S AF Moore, MT Rodgers, JH Cooper, CM Smith, S TI Constructed wetlands for mitigation of atrazine-associated agricultural runoff SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atrazine; fate; constructed wetlands; mitigation ID WATER-QUALITY; HERBICIDE; SURFACE; SOILS; DESORPTION; MESOCOSMS; ALACHLOR; SEDIMENT; SIMAZINE; SYSTEMS AB Atrazine was amended into constructed wetlands (59-73 x 14 x 0.3 m) for the purpose of monitoring transport and fate of the pesticide to obtain information necessary to provide future design parameters for constructed wetlands mitigation of agricultural runoff. Following pesticide amendment, a simulated storm and runoff event equal to three volume additions was imposed on each wetland. Targeted atrazine concentrations were 0 mu g/l (unamended control), 73 mu g/l, and 147 mu g/l. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected weekly for 35 days from transects longitudinally distributed throughout each wetland and were analyzed for atrazine using gas chromatography. Between 17 and 42% of measured atrazine mass was within the first 30-36 m of wetlands. Atrazine was below detection limits (0.05 mu g/kg) in all sediment and plant samples collected throughout the duration of this study. Aqueous half lives ranged from 16 to 48 days. According to these data, conservative buffer travel distances of 100-280 m would be necessary for effective runoff mitigation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 110 IS 3 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00034-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 354NG UT WOS:000089336100003 PM 15092818 ER PT J AU Gunthardt-Goerg, MS McQuattie, CJ Maurer, S Frey, B AF Gunthardt-Goerg, MS McQuattie, CJ Maurer, S Frey, B TI Visible and microscopic injury in leaves of five deciduous tree species related to current critical ozone levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; critical levels; visible leaf symptoms; microscopy; senescence; stomatal conductance ID BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L; ABIES L KARST; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES; AMBIENT OZONE; ROTH CLONES; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; LEAF AB Because the current critical level of ozone (O(3)) for forest trees is based only on one species, the responses of five deciduous tree species were differentiated in a climate chamber experiment. The number of symptomatic leaves per tree was significantly increased, and stomatal conductance was decreased under 50% ambient + 30 nl l(-1) O(3) as compared to 'normal' senescence at 50% ambient [O(3)]. Species with a high stomatal conductance did not show earlier or more leaf injury symptoms. The additional 30 nl l(-1) O(3) induced specific pectinaceous cell wall protrusions, phenolic cell wall incrustations, tonoplast vesicles, and inhomogeneous, condensed/precipitated phenolic material in the vacuoles. Due to added O(3), cell senescence was accelerated with increased electron-density of the cytoplasm, and initial chloroplast degeneration. The slow degeneration process started in mesophyll cells, and expanded into epidermal and finally guard cells. Because of the large variance in biomass between individuals and species, the current critical level is supported by the assessment of visible leaf symptoms rather than growth reduction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. USDA, Forest Serv Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Gunthardt-Goerg, MS (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM goerg@wsl.ch RI Gunthardt-Goerg, Madeleine/L-6461-2013 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 109 IS 3 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00052-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322BA UT WOS:000087489200014 PM 15092882 ER PT J AU Mills, G Ball, G Hayes, F Fuhrer, J Skarby, L Gimeno, B De Temmerman, L Heagle, A AF Mills, G Ball, G Hayes, F Fuhrer, J Skarby, L Gimeno, B De Temmerman, L Heagle, A CA ICP Vegetation programme TI Development of a multi-factor model for predicting the effects of ambient ozone on the biomass of white clover SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; critical levels; modifying factors; biomass; white clover; artificial neural networks ID RESPONSES; EUROPE; GROWTH AB Results are presented from the UN/ECE ICP Vegetation (International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution on natural vegetation and crops) experiments in which ozone(O-3)-resistant (NC-R) and -sensitive (NC-S) clones of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Regal) were exposed to ambient O-3 episodes at 14 sites in eight European countries in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The plants were grown according to a standard protocol, and the forage was harvested every 28 days for 4-5 months per year by excision 7 cm above the soil surface. Biomass ratio (NC-S/NC-R) was related to the climatic and pollutant conditions at each site using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), Twenty-one input parameters [e.g. AOT40, 7-h mean O-3 concentration, daylight vapour pressure deficit (VPD), daily maximum temperature] were considered individually and in combination with the aim of developing a model with high r(2) and simple structure that could be used to predict biomass change in white clover. MLR models were generally more complex, and performed less well for unseen data than non-linear ANN models. The ANN model with the best performance had five inputs with an r(2) value of 0.84 for the training data, and 0.71 for previously unseen data. Two inputs to the model described the O-3 conditions (AOT40 and 24-h mean for O-3), two described temperature (daylight mean and 24-h mean temperature), and the fifth input appeared to be differentiating between semi-urban and rural sites (NO concentration at 17:00). Neither VPD nor harvest interval was an important component of the model. The model predicted that a 5% reduction in biomass ratio was associated with AOT40s in the range 0.9-1.7 ppm.h (mu l l(-1) h) accumulated over 28 days, with plants being most sensitive in conditions of low NOx, medium-range temperature, and high 24-h mean O-3 concentration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Terr Ecol, Bangor Res Unit, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, Wales. Nottingham Trent Univ, Dept Comp, Nottingham NG1 4BU, England. IUL, Inst Environm Protect & Agr Liebefeld, FAL, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. IVL, S-40258 Gothenburg, Sweden. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. VAR, Vet & Agrochem Res Ctr, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Air Qual Res Programme, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mills, G (reprint author), Inst Terr Ecol, Bangor Res Unit, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, Wales. RI Hayes, Felicity/A-3899-2011; Mills, Gina/E-4540-2010; Ribas, Angela/L-5633-2014 OI Hayes, Felicity/0000-0002-1037-5725; Mills, Gina/0000-0001-9870-2868; Ribas, Angela/0000-0002-5938-2408 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 109 IS 3 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00057-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322BA UT WOS:000087489200019 PM 15092887 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Entry, JA AF Sojka, RE Entry, JA TI Influence of polyacrylamide application to soil on movement of microorganisms in runoff water SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Congress of Plant Pathology CY AUG 09-16, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE polyacrylamide; application; soil; microorganisms; movement; runoff water ID FURROW EROSION; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; IRRIGATED FIELDS; INFILTRATION; POLYMER; CONDITIONERS; WASTE; DEGRADATION; ACRYLAMIDE; BACTERIA AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) use in irrigation for erosion control has increased water infiltration and reduced soil erosion. This has improved runoff water quality via lower concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and pesticides, and decreased biological oxygen demand. Since non-toxic high molecular weight anionic PAMs removed clay size sediment particles in flowing water, we hypothesized that PAM would effectively remove or immobilize microorganisms in flowing water. In an agricultural field, we determined the efficacy of PAM-treatment of furrow irrigation water to remove several categories of microorganisms in the inflow and runoff. Treatments were: (1) PAM application and a control; (2) three flow rates; (3) two distances from the inflow point; and (4) three times during each irrigation. After water traveled 1 m at 7.5 and 15.51 min(-1), PAM-treatment reduced total bacterial and microbial biomass and total fungal biomass relative to the control treatment. After water traveled 40 m at 7.5, 15.5, and 22.51 min(-1) PAM-treatment reduced algae, the numbers active and total bacteria, active and total fungal length, and total bacterial biomass, total fungal and microbial biomass relative to the control treatment. Although specific organisms were not identified or monitored in this study, the results clearly have implications for controlling the spread of soil-borne plant pathogens and other classes of harmful organisms within and among fields via irrigation water and in re-utilized return flows. Beyond furrow-irrigated agriculture, new methods to manage overland transmission of harmful microorganisms could potentially help control transport of pathogens from animal waste in runoff and groundwater. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solis Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 54 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00194-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296VU UT WOS:000086048100012 PM 15092936 ER PT J AU Zeller, KF Nikolov, NT AF Zeller, KF Nikolov, NT TI Quantifying simultaneous fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor above a subalpine forest ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone deposition; plant ozone uptake; carbon dioxide; flux; eddy covariance; latent heat; sensible heat; ecosystem model; Ameriflux; subalpine ecosystem ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE FIELDS; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; UNSATURATED FLOW; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GENERAL-MODEL; OPEN-PATH; EXCHANGE; CO2; NITROGEN AB Assessing the lone-term exchange of trace gases and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is an important priority of the current climate change research. In this regard, it is particularly significant to provide valid data on simultaneous fluxes of carbon, water vapor and pollutants over representative ecosystems. Eddy covariance measurements and model analyses of such combined fluxes over a subalpine coniferous forest in southern Wyoming (USA) are presented. While the exchange of water vapor and ozone are successfully measured by the eddy covariance system: fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) are uncertain. This is established by comparing measured fluxes with simulations produced by a detailed biophysical model (FORFLUX). The bias in CO2 flux measurements is partially attributed to below-canopy advection caused by a complex terrain. We emphasize the difficulty of obtaining continuous long-term flux data in mountainous areas by direct measurements. Instrumental records are combined with simulation models as a feasible approach to assess seasonal and annual ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and ozone in alpine environments. The viability of this approach is demonstrated by: (1) showing the ability of the FORFLUX model to predict observed fluxes over a 9-day period in the summer of 1996; and (2) applying the model to estimate seasonal dynamics and annual totals of ozone deposition and carbon. and water vapor exchange at our study site. Estimated fluxes above this subalpine ecosystem in 1996 are: 195 g C m(-2) year(-1) net ecosystem production, 277 g C m(-2) year(-1) net primary production, 535 mm year(-1) total evapotranspiration, 174 mm year(-1) canopy transpiration, 2.9 g m(-2) year(-1) total ozone deposition, and 1.72 g O-3 m(-2) year(-1) plant ozone uptake via leaf stomata. Given the large portion of non-stomatal ozone uptake (i.e. 41% of the total annual flux) predicted for this site, we suggest that future research of pollution-vegetation interactions should relate plant response to actively assimilated ozone by foliage rather than to total deposition. In this regard, we propose the Physiological Ozone Uptake Per Unit of Leaf Area (POUPULA) as a practical index for quantifying vegetation vulnerability to ozone damage. We estimate POUPULA to be 0.614 g O-3 m(-2) leaf area year(-1) at our subalpine site in 1996. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeller, KF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 64 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00156-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268MP UT WOS:000084420400001 PM 15093004 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA AF Laszlo, JA TI Regeneration of azo-dye-saturated cellulosic anion exchange resin by Burkholderia cepacia anaerobic dye reduction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN BN6; WASTE-WATER; QUATERNIZED CELLULOSE; TEXTILE WASTEWATERS; REDOX MEDIATORS; REACTIVE DYE; DECOLORIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION AB Cellulosic strong anion exchangers are very effective for decolorizing textile wastewaters. However, the high affinity of dyes for the adsorbent make regeneration with conventional eluants impractical. Previous work demonstrated that chemical reduction of azo dyes bound to cellulosic anion exchangers facilitates adsorbent regeneration. The present study examines whether microbial azo-reductase activity could substitute for inorganic reductants. Anaerobic suspensions of Burkholderia cepacia NRRL B-14803 were tested for their ability to reduce two monoazo dyes, Orange II and hydrolyzed Remazol Red F3B, in a variety of reactor configurations. Inclusion of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate in the reaction medium greatly increased dye reduction rates, as did increased temperature and bacteria concentration. By physically separating the bacteria from the dye adsorbent using a dialysis tube, it was demonstrated that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate mediated the transfer of reducing equivalents from bacteria to adsorbent-bound dye. Furthermore, anaerobic B. cepacia suspensions can drive a large fraction of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate to the reduced state, in the absence of dye, within a 6-h incubation period. These observations suggested that a spaciotemporal disconnection of the process of adsorbent dye reduction from the azo-reductase activity of bacteria would be feasible. This possibility was confirmed by regenerating an ion exchanger bed with medium from a separately housed anaerobic reactor. C1 ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1021/es990918u PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400045 ER PT J AU Enongene, EN Sun, PN Mehta, CS AF Enongene, EN Sun, PN Mehta, CS TI Sodium thiosulfate protects against acrylonitrile-induced elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein levels by replenishing glutathione SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acrylonitrile; brain; GSH; GFAP; STS; neurotoxicity ID RAT-BRAIN; URINARY METABOLITES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLIOTYPIC PROTEINS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MICE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; BINDING AB Acrylonitrile (ACN) like many organic solvents produce neurotoxicity by elevating brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a putative biomarker of astrogliosis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that sodium thiosulfate (STS) protective action against ACN-induced astrogliosis is glutathione (GSH) mediated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered for 2 weeks intraperitoneal doses (50 mg/kg body weight) of the ACN, with or without STS as outline in the Methods section. Specific brain regions were tested for GFAP, GSH and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. In the brain regions tested STS significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) maintained GFAP levels at the basal saline control levels, when compared to ACN-treated groups. STS also significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased GSH levels in these brain regions with a corresponding increased in GST enzyme activity. Although the data indicated that STS antidotal action against ACN-induced neurotoxicity is likely to involve GSH and GST activity, other complex series of mechanisms may be involved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, TMRU, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Texas So Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Enongene, EN (reprint author), USDA ARS, TMRU, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(00)00036-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 330DV UT WOS:000087948300011 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Larsen, RC Riley, R Kelly, JD AF Miklas, PN Larsen, RC Riley, R Kelly, JD TI Potential marker-assisted selection for bc-1(2) resistance to bean common mosaic potyvirus in common bean SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE bean common mosaic virus (BCMV); bean common mosaic necrosis virus(BCMNV); epistatic resistance genes; gene pyramiding; Phaseolus vulgaris; SCAR marker ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; I-GENE; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS AB Pyramiding epistatic resistance genes to improve long term disease resistance has challenged plant breeders. Indirect selection using tightly linked markers will often facilitate the breeding of desired epistatic resistance gene combinations. In common bean, the most effective strategy for broad spectrum control of the bean common mosaic virus disease is to combine I, bc-u, bc-1(2), bc-2(2), and bc-3 genes. We describe the use of near-isogenic lines and bulked segregant analysis to identify a marker tightly linked with the bc-1(2) gene. The recessive bc-1(2) gene conditions resistance to specific strains of bean common mosaic virus and bean common mosaic necrosis virus and is masked by the bc-2(2) and bc-3 genes. We identified a RAPD marker completely linked (0 recombinants) with bc-1(2), based on 72 F-3 progeny generated from a cross between the contrasting near isogenic lines (I + bc-I/I + bc-1(2)). Segregation in this I gene background revealed that bc-1(2) was dominant to bc-1 in conferring resistance to top necrosis in the allelic series Bc-1 > bc-1(2) > bc-1. To facilitate marker-assisted selection of bc-1(2) across breeding programs, the RAPD was converted to a SCAR marker, designated SBD5(1300). Tight linkage (0 recombinants) was confirmed in a second population of 58 F-2 progeny co-segregating for SBD5(1300) and bc-1(2) gene from a different source. Based on a survey of 130 genotypes, the SCAR will be useful for MAS of bc-1(2) in most beans of Middle American origin and snap beans, but will have very limited utility in the case of kidney and cranberry beans. The SBD5(1300) marker mapped on linkage group B3, revealing independence of bc-1(2) from the I gene on B2 and bc-3 gene on B6, which supports the opportunity to readily combine genes for broad spectrum and pyramided resistance to bean common mosaic potyviruses in a single bean cultivar. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Novartis Seed Co Inc, Nampa, ID 83687 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 116 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1023/A:1004006514814 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 370MQ UT WOS:000165127200004 ER PT J AU Horejsi, T Staub, JE Thomas, C AF Horejsi, T Staub, JE Thomas, C TI Linkage of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers to downy mildew resistance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic markers; marker-assisted selection; multiple location analysis; RAPD ID PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-CUBENSIS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENETIC-LINKAGE; INHERITANCE; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; ISOZYME; TRAITS; NARROW; RAPD AB Marker assisted selection (MAS) may improve the efficiency of breeding downy mildew resistant cucumber cultivars. A study was conducted to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the downy mildew resistance gene ( dm) which would be suitable for MAS. A total of 145 F-3 families from two populations (55 from the WI 1983G x Straight 8 population and 90 from the Zudm1 x Straight 8 population) were evaluated over five locations in North America and Europe. Resistant and susceptible F-3 families were identified and mean family resistance ratings were used to type individual F-2 plants. No evidence for race differences in the pathogen ( Psuedoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostow) between North America and Europe was found. Phenotypic correlations between locations ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Of the 135 polymorphic RAPD markers identified from 960 primers, five were linked to dm - G14(800), X15(1100), AS5(800), BC519(1100), and BC526(1000). In the WI 1983G x Straight 8 population, G14(800) was linked to dm at 16.5 cm, AS5(800) at 32.8 cm, BC519(1100) at 9.9 cm, and BC526(1000) at 19.2 cm. In the Zudm1 x Straight 8 population, G14(800) was linked at 20.9 cm, X15(1100) at 14.8 cm, AS5(800) at 24.8 cm, and BC526(1000) at 32.9 cm. Markers G14(800) and BC519(1100) were linked in repulsion to the dm allele, and X15(1100), AS5(800), and BC526(1000) were linked in coupling phase. These genetic markers may be exploited to develop an efficient MAS strategy for breeding resistant cucumber cultivars. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crop Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 115 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1023/A:1003942228323 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 350UD UT WOS:000089118800003 ER PT J AU Staub, JE Danin-Poleg, Y Fazio, G Horejsi, T Reis, N Katzir, N AF Staub, JE Danin-Poleg, Y Fazio, G Horejsi, T Reis, N Katzir, N TI Comparative analysis of cultivated melon groups (Cucumis melo L.) using random amplified polymorphic DNA and simple sequence repeat markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic distance; germplasm management; multi-dimensional scaling; plant germplasm; RAPD; SSR ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RAPD MARKERS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MICROSATELLITES; DIVERSITY; COEFFICIENTS; ASSOCIATION; SIMILARITY; GERMPLASM; ISOZYME AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to characterize genetic relationships among 46 accessions in two C. melo L. subsp. melo (Cantalupensis, Inodorus) and subsp. agrestis (Conomon, and Flexuosus) groups. Genetic distance (GD) estimates were made among and between accessions in four melon market classes [Galia, Ogen, Charentais, and Shipper (European and U.S. types)] of Cantalupensis, one market class of Inodorus (Cassaba and Honey Dew), one accession of Conomon, and one accession of Flexuosus by employing three GD estimators; simple matching coefficient, Jaccard's coefficient, and Nei's distance-D. Differences detected among 135 RAPD bands and 54 SSR bands (products of 17 SSR primers) were used to calculate GD. Band polymorphisms observed with 21 RAPD primers and 7 SSR primers were important (p = 0.01) in the detection of genetic differences. Estimators of GD were highly correlated (p > 0.0001; r(s) = 0.64 to 0.99) when comparisons were made between estimation methods within a particular marker system. Lower correlations (r(s) = 0.17 to 0.40) were detected (P > 0.001) between marker systems using any one estimator. The GD of the Conomon and Flexuosus accessions was significantly different (p > 0.001) from the mean GD of all the market classes examined. The mean GD (Jaccard's coefficient) among accessions of Ogen, Galia, Cassaba, Charentais, European shipper, and U.S. shipper groups was 0.11 +/- 0.04, 0.33 +/- 0.09, 0.21 +/- 0.04, 0.26 +/- 0.10, 0.17 +/- 0.05 and 0.22 +/- 0.08, respectively. Market classes were distinct (p > 0.001), such that GDs between Galia and other accessions were the largest (mean GD 0.34 to 0.35), and GDs between Ogen and other accessions were the smallest (mean GD 0.29 to 0.30). Contrasts between the U.S. shipper cultivar Top Mark and accessions within any market class was relatively large (mean GD = 0.42 +/- 0.06). Empirical estimations of variances associated with each marker type in the accessions examined indicated that, per band, lower coefficients of variation can be attained in the estimation of GD when using RAPDs compared to SSRs. Nevertheless, the genetic relationships identified using these markers were generally similar. The disparity between the analyses of the two markers made may be related to the amount of genome coverage which is characteristic of a particular marker system and/or its efficiency in sampling variation in a population. Results of RAPD marker analysis suggest that 80 marker bands were adequate for assessing the genetic variation present in the accessions examined. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 48 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 115 IS 3 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1023/A:1004054014174 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 351DV UT WOS:000089143300010 ER PT J AU Barbosa-Neto, JF Siripoonwiwat, W O'Donoughue, LS Gray, SM Smith, DM Kolb, FL Gourmet, C Brown, CM Sorrells, ME AF Barbosa-Neto, JF Siripoonwiwat, W O'Donoughue, LS Gray, SM Smith, DM Kolb, FL Gourmet, C Brown, CM Sorrells, ME TI Chromosomal regions associated with barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in oat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE barley yellow dwarf virus; oat; quantitative trait loci ID UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; TOMATO; CROSS; TOLERANCE; LOCI AB Recombinant inbred lines from the oat ( Avena sativa L.) population Kanota x Ogle were analyzed in order to detect quantitative trait loci for Barley Yellow Dwarf resistance. Plants were scored for BYD symptoms in three locations (Urbana-Illinois, Ithaca-New York, and a greenhouse), and in four years (1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995). All plants were inoculated with infected aphids at the three-leaf stage, and the scores were recorded at the early flowering stage. Twenty one chromosomal regions distributed over 16 different linkage groups were associated with BYD resistance. Most regions came from Kanota, while only five were contributed by Ogle. A multiple linear model was fitted for each BYDV isolate in order to evaluate the best combination of markers for selection in a backcross breeding program. In IL the best model explained 19%, 5%, and 17% of the genetic variation for 1992, 1993 and 1994, respectively. The best model for NY explained 16% of the genetic variation in 1992 and 8% in 1993. The best model for the greenhouse explained 46% and 44% of the genetic variation in 1994 and 1995, respectively. These models will allow genotypic selection for BYD resistance to the extent that the markers are linked to the QTL. C1 Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Fac Agron, Dept Plant Lavoura, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. DNA Landmarks Inc, Quebec City, PQ J3B 6Z1, Canada. Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Barbosa-Neto, JF (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Fac Agron, Dept Plant Lavoura, Av Bento Concalves 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 114 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1003936220509 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 316MB UT WOS:000087170100009 ER PT J AU Holland, JB Bjornstad, A Frey, KJ Gullord, M Wesenberg, DM Buraas, T AF Holland, JB Bjornstad, A Frey, KJ Gullord, M Wesenberg, DM Buraas, T TI Recurrent selection in oat for adaptation to diverse environments SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Avena; genetic correlation; genotype-environment interaction; stability ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; YIELD; RESPONSES; MAIZE AB In order to test if selection can improve a population's adaptation to diverse environments simultaneously, three cycles of recurrent selection based on grain yield in Iowa, Idaho, and Norway were practiced in an oat (Avena sativa L.) population developed from North American, Scandinavian, and wild species (A. sterilis L.) germplasm sources. Specific objectives were to determine if selection: increased mean yields across environments and within all environments; changed the genetic correlation of yields in different environments; and changed genetic variation for yield within the population. We evaluated 100 to 210 randomly-chosen families from each cycle of selection at three Iowa locations, in Idaho, and in Norway for two years. Grain yield within each location and mean yields across locations increased significantly over cycles of selection. Mean yields across locations expressed as a percent of the original population mean increased at a rate of 2.6% per year. Several families from the third cycle population exhibited both high mean yields across locations and consistently high yields within all locations. Average genetic correlations of yield in different environments were higher in the second cycle than in the original population. A trend of reduced genetic variation and heritability was observed in Iowa only. These results suggest that we successfully improved mean population yield both within and across locations, and yield stability across environments, and in developing families with outstanding adaptation to diverse environments. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. Norsk Kornforedling AS, N-2344 Hseng, Norway. USDA ARS, Small Grains Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 113 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1023/A:1003933421378 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 306WV UT WOS:000086622400003 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Garcia, J Ray, IM Henning, JA Murray, LW AF Gonzalez-Garcia, J Ray, IM Henning, JA Murray, LW TI Quantitative genetic analysis of erect glandular trichome density in diploid alfalfa SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; genetics; heritability; trichomes ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; MULTIPLE PEST RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; MEDICAGO; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; SOLANUM AB The presence of glandular trichomes may protect alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) against certain stem-, leaf-, and fruit-eating insect pests. In order to determine appropriate breeding methods to select for this trait, this study characterized quantitative genetic parameters of erect glandular trichome density in 'KS94GH6' diploid (2n=2x=16) alfalfa. Eight female and five male plants were crossed in a Design II mating to produce 40 full-sib families. Glandular trichome density was determined on these families under replicated greenhouse conditions in Las Cruces and Los Lunas, New Mexico, U.S.A. The effect of males was significant (p less than or equal to 0.10) across the two environments. Variation among females was not significant within either location or across locations. The dominance genetic variance (sigma(D)(2) = 0.210) was greater than the additive genetic variance (sigma(A)(2) = 0.111). The average degree of dominance exceeded a value of '1' indicating that erect glandular trichome density in KS94GH6 may be influenced by digenic epistasis, and/or repulsion phase linkage disequilibrium. The large contribution of non-additive effects was reflected by a low narrow-sense heritability estimate (h(n)(2) = 0.25). The results indicate that further improvements in erect glandular trichome density in KS94GH6 alfalfa will require replicated progeny testing. Approaches to introgress this trait into cultivated tetraploid alfalfa are discussed. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Fac Ciencias Agr & Forestales, Mexico City 33000, DF, Mexico. RP Ray, IM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 111 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1023/A:1003785010499 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 275KF UT WOS:000084818800009 ER PT J AU Porter, DR Webster, JA AF Porter, DR Webster, JA TI Russian wheat aphid-induced protein alterations in spring wheat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko); protein; Russian wheat aphid; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; COMMON WHEAT; RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; HOMOPTERA AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has become a perennial, serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western United States. Current methodologies used to enhance RWA resistance in wheat germplasm could benefit from an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying resistance to RWA. This study was initiated to identify specific polypeptides induced by RWA feeding that may be associated with RWA resistance. The effects of RWA feeding on PI 140207 (a RWA-resistant spring wheat) and Pavon (a RWA-susceptible spring wheat) were examined by visualizing, silver-stained denatured leaf proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of protein profiles of noninfested and RWA-infested Pavon and PI 140207 revealed a 24-kilodalton-protein complex selectively inhibited in Pavon that persisted in PI 140207 during RWA attack. No other significant qualitative or quantitative differences were detected in RWA-induced alterations of protein profiles. These results suggest that RWA feeding selectively inhibit synthesis and accumulation of proteins necessary for normal metabolic functions in susceptible plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Porter, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2000 VL 111 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1003866626723 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 288FU UT WOS:000085552600007 ER PT J AU Castro, P Miranda, JL Gomez, P Escalante, DM Segura, FL Martin, A Fuentes, F Blanco, A Ordovas, JM Jimenez, JF AF Castro, P Miranda, JL Gomez, P Escalante, DM Segura, FL Martin, A Fuentes, F Blanco, A Ordovas, JM Jimenez, JF TI Comparison of an oleic acid enriched-diet vs NCEP-I diet on LDL susceptibility to oxidative modifications SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; VITAMIN-E; OXIDIZED LDL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; JERUSALEM NUTRITION AB Objective: The objective of this trial was to compare the effect on the susceptibility of plasma Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidative modifications of consumption of two oleic rich diets, prepared with two different plant oils, virgin olive oil (OL)(1) and refined high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA sunflower oil (SU)), with the susceptibility of plasma LDL to oxidation after an National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 (NCEP-I) phase diet. Design: A randomized crossover design. Subjects and interventions: Twenty-two healthy normolipidemic young males consumed an NCEP-I diet for a 4-week period. Subjects were then assigned to two diets each of 4-weeks duration. Group one was placed on an olive oil enriched diet (40% fat, 22% MUFA) followed by a 4-week period of a MUFA diet enriched in sunflower oil (40% fat, 22% MUFA). In group two, the order of the diets was reversed. Results: Both MUFA diets induced a decrease in saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, and 18 : 0) and an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n-6 (18 : 2, 20 : 3, and 20 : 5) plasma LDL-phospholipid fatty acids, compared to the NCEP-I diet (P < 0.01). No significant differences in lag times were observed between the olive oil and the NCEP-I diet periods. However there was a greater inhibition time (P < 0.001) when subjects consumed the MUFA rich sunflower oil diet compared to the NCEP-I diet. These differences were probably related to the relative enrichment of plasma LDL particles in cc-tocopherol due to the high vitamin E content of the MUFA-rich sunflower oil. Indeed, the alpha-tocopherol content was positively correlated with lag time (r = 0.338; P < 0.008). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that changes in plasma LDL alpha-tocopherol content with practical solid-food diets can decrease its susceptibility to oxidation. C1 Univ Cordoba, Sch Med, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Lipids Res Unit, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fac Med, Dept Med, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. OI FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 EI 1476-5640 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 54 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600894 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 285NP UT WOS:000085395400012 PM 10694774 ER PT S CA Joint FAO WHO Expert Comm Food GP WHO TI Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food - Introduction SO EVALUATION OF CERTAIN VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN FOOD, 52ND REPORT SE WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Joint Meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Food Additives CY FEB 02-11, 1999 CL FAO HEADQUARTERS, ROME, ITALY SP WHO HO FAO HEADQUARTERS ID INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; FLORA C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Uppsala, Sweden. Fed Inst Hlth Protect Consumers & Vet Med, Berlin, Germany. Univ Zimbabwe, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Preclin Vet Studies, Harare, Zimbabwe. Natl Ctr Vet & Food Studies, Natl Agcy Vet Med, Fougeres, France. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Div Med, Clin Pharmacol Sect, London, England. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Sokoine Univ Agr, Dept Vet Physiol Biochem Pharmacol & Toxicol, Morogoro, Tanzania. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Hlth Anim Lab, Ctr Vet Drug Residues, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. US FDA, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Nairobi, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Publ Hlth Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kabete, Kenya. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vet Org Iran, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Pharmacokinet Unit, Tehran, Iran. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Residue Anal, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Microbiol & Chem, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Aviano Canc Ctr, Epidemiol Unit, I-33081 Aviano, Italy. WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Div Oncol Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Carcinogen Identificat & Evaluat, F-69372 Lyon, France. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Biol Safety Res Ctr, Div Pathol, Sect 3, Tokyo 158, Japan. Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Danish Vet & Food Adm, Inst Food Safety & Toxicol, Soborg, Denmark. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Guelph, Canadian Network Toxicol Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Minist Agr, Kimron Vet Inst, Natl Residue Lab, Bet Dagan, Israel. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Leipzig, Fac Vet Med, Inst Pharmacol Pharm & Toxicol, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany. FAO, Food & Nutr Div, Food Qual & Stand Serv, Food Qual Liaison Grp, I-00100 Rome, Italy. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Residue Chem Team, Off New Anim Drug Evaluat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Inst Vet Res, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Pulawy, Poland. RP Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Uppsala, Sweden. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 92-4-120893-7 J9 WHO TECH REP SER PY 2000 VL 893 BP 1 EP 89 PG 89 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BS11V UT WOS:000168724800001 ER PT J AU Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Hill, DE AF Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Hill, DE TI Trichuris suis: A secretory serine protease inhibitor SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trypsin (EC3.4.21.4) inhibitor; chymotrypsin (3.4.21.1) inhibitor; nematode; in vitro cultivation; excretory/secretory products; Apis mellifera; honeybee ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; ANISAKIS SIMPLEX; SEQUENCE; NEMATODE; TAENIAESTATIN; INFLAMMATION; VIRUS; PIGS AB A trypsin inhibitor was identified in extracts of adult Trichuris suis and culture fluids from 24-h in vitro cultivation of adult parasites. The inhibitor was isolated by acid precipitation, affinity chromatography (trypsin-agarose), and reverse phase HPLC as a single polypeptide with a molecular weight estimated at 6.6 kDa by laser desorption mass spectrometry. The purified inhibitor associated strongly with trypsin (equilibrium dissociation inhibitory constant (K-i) of 3.07 nM) and chymotrypsin (K-i = 24.5 nM) and was termed TsTCI. Elastase, thrombin, and factor Xa were not inhibited. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the mature TsTCI consisted of 61 residues including 8 cysteine residues with a molecular mass of 6.687 kDa. The N-terminal region of TsTCI (46 residues) showed limited homology (36%) to a protease inhibitor from the hemolymph of the honeybee Apis mellifera, which is considered to be a member of the Ascaris inhibitor family. However, TsTCI did not display sequence homology with other members of this family or the distinctive cysteine residue pattern which distinguishes this family. However, similarity of a region of TsTCI (11 residues) with the reactive site regions of inhibitors from the nematodes Ascaris suum, Anisakis simplex, and Ancylostoma caninum was apparent. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 EI 1090-2449 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1006/expr.1999.4466 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 274PR UT WOS:000084774700001 PM 10631074 ER PT S AU Carroll, MJ Hill, RL Raturi, S Herner, AE Pfeil, E AF Carroll, MJ Hill, RL Raturi, S Herner, AE Pfeil, E BE Clark, JM Kenna, MP TI Dicamba transport in turfgrass thatch and foliage SO FATE AND MANAGEMENT OF TURFGRASS CHEMICALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACS Symposium on Fate of Turfgrass Chemicals and Pest Management Approaches CY AUG 23-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP USGA, Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem ID NONEQUILIBRIUM; SORPTION; SOIL; SIMULATOR; RAINFALL; WASHOFF; MODELS; ACID AB The retention of dicamba to turfgrass foliage and thatch, and the transport of dicamba in undisturbed columns of soil and soil+thatch were examined in three separate studies. The use of linear equilibrium (LEM) and two site non-equilibrium (2SNE) models to predict the transport of dicamba in the columns of soil and soil+thatch were also investigated. Rainfall that occurred during the first 8 hours following foliar application removed about 70% of the dicamba present on the foliage. Thereafter, dicamba became increasing resistant to washoff. The high concentration of organic matter present in columns containing a surface layer of thatch reduced dicamba leaching. Although dicamba sorption to thatch was higher than to soil, when normalized for the presence of organic matter (K-oc), thatch organic matter was a less effective sorbant of dicamba than was soil organic matter. The 2SNE model gave reasonable estimates of dicamba transport when the model retardation factor (R) was calculated using laboratory derived adsorption coefficients. The LEM model satisfactorily described dicamba transport only when R was curve-fitted. Use of column R's based on laboratory derived adsorption coefficients resulted in poor LEM estimates of dicamba transport. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Environm Chem Lab, NRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3624-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 743 BP 228 EP 242 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ67R UT WOS:000089160700013 ER PT J AU Nichols, NN Harwood, CS AF Nichols, NN Harwood, CS TI An aerotaxis transducer gene from Pseudomonas putida SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerotaxis; behavioral response; energy taxis; PAS domain; transducer; Pseudomonas ID METHYL-ACCEPTING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CHEMOTAXIS; CLONING; OXYGEN; REDOX; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE AB An aerotaxis gene, aer, was cloned from Pseudomonas putida PRS2000. A P. putida net mutant displayed an altered aerotactic response in a capillary assay. Wild-type P. putida clustered at the air/liquid interface. In contrast, the aer mutant did not cluster at the interface, but instead formed a diffuse band at a distance from the meniscus. Wild-type aer, provided in trans, complemented the aer mutant to an aerotactic response that was stronger than wild-type. The P. putida Aer sequence is similar over its entire length to the aerotaxis (energy taxis) signal transducer protein, Aer, of Escherichia coli. The amino-terminus is similar to redox-sensing regulatory proteins, and the carboxy-terminus contains the highly conserved domain present in chemotactic transducers. (C) 2000 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harwood, CS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, 3-432 Bowen Sci Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56665, R01 GM056665] NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 182 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00586-8 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 272JK UT WOS:000084646600030 PM 10612751 ER PT S AU Duwadi, SR Ritter, MA Cesa, E AF Duwadi, SR Ritter, MA Cesa, E GP TRB TI Wood in transportation program - An overview SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2: BRIDGES, OTHER STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Bridge Engineering Conference CY APR 03-05, 2000 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Transportat Res Board AB Research and demonstration bridge projects to further develop wood for transportation structures increased substantiatly in the United States in 1988 under a legislative action by the U.S. Congress known as the Timber Bridge Initiative. This program, renamed the Wood in Transportation Program, continues today and is administered by the Forest Service. FHWA became involved in timber bridge research in 1990. The FHWA program increased substantially under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). From 1992 to 1997, ISTEA authorized significant funding for timber bridge research, technology transfer, and demonstration bridges. The current transportation authorization, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century, does not contain a program for timber bridges similar to that of ISTEA; however, there are provisions under the fiscal year 1999 Transportation Appropriations Bill for advancing engineered wood and composites technology through research and demonstration projects to further develop the use of wood for transportation structures. As a result of these combined efforts, a large number of research projects have been initiated, and a number of demonstration bridges have been built under both programs. An overview of the research and the demonstration timber bridge programs is provided here. C1 Fed Highway Adm, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Natl Wood Transportat Informat Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Duwadi, SR (reprint author), Fed Highway Adm, 6300 Georgetown Pike, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07122-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1696 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU71A UT WOS:000176777600032 ER PT S AU Eamon, C Nowak, AS Ritter, MA Murphy, J AF Eamon, C Nowak, AS Ritter, MA Murphy, J GP TRB TI Reliability-based criteria for load and resistance factor design code for wood bridges SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2: BRIDGES, OTHER STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Bridge Engineering Conference CY APR 03-05, 2000 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Transportat Res Board AB Recently AASHTO adopted a load and resistance factor design code for highway bridges. The new code provides a rational basis for the design of steel and concrete structures. However, the calibration was not done for wood bridges. Therefore, there is a need to fill this gap. The development of statistical models for wood bridge structures is discussed. Recent test results provided a considerable amount of new data for sawed wood and glulam components. Statistical methods provide a good tool for development of rational models for loads and resistance. Because of the random nature of load and resistance, reliability is a convenient measure of structural performance that also provides a rational basis for comparison of wood and other structural materials. The results of a recent project that led to development of rational design criteria for wood bridges are presented. The structural reliability of selected wooden bridges designed by the AASHTO codes are determined, and inadequacies in load distribution and material resistance in the current specifications are identified. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Eamon, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2370 G G Brown Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07122-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1696 BP 316 EP 322 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU71A UT WOS:000176777600033 ER PT S AU Wipf, TJ Ritter, MA Wood, DL AF Wipf, TJ Ritter, MA Wood, DL GP TRB TI Evaluation and field load testing of timber railroad bridge SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2: BRIDGES, OTHER STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Bridge Engineering Conference CY APR 03-05, 2000 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Transportat Res Board AB Several spans of a 60-year-old open-deck timber railroad bridge on the Southern Pacific Railroad Line (now the Union Pacific) in Southwest Texas were field tested. The tests were conducted with the sponsorship and cooperation of the Association of American Railroads to determine the vertical live load distribution characteristics of the superstructure. The bridge was originally constructed with Douglas-fir larch solid sawn stringers but was rehabilitated on several occasions to allow comparisons to be made with respect to different rehabilitation options, including the use of a helper stringer and the use of glued laminated timber (glulam) stringers. The test spans measured approximately 4.1 m (13.5 ft) center-to-center of supports and included two closely "packed" chords, each consisting of four timber stringers (one test span included an additional helper stringer added to one chord). One chord was made up of glulam timber and the other was made up of solid sawn timber. The bridge superstructure was generally in satisfactory condition, with some stringer horizontal splitting noted over the bents. The bents were in reasonably good condition, but chord bearing was uneven on bent caps. Static and dynamic deflection load test data were obtained using a special test train. The test results indicate that the glulam chord performed better than the older sawn stringer chord, even when a helper stringer was added. Individual stringers within a chord did not always share the load equally. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Engn Labs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wipf, TJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 420 Town Engn Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07122-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1696 BP 323 EP 333 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU71A UT WOS:000176777600034 ER PT S AU Faller, RK Ritter, MA Rosson, BT Fowler, MD Duwadi, SR AF Faller, RK Ritter, MA Rosson, BT Fowler, MD Duwadi, SR GP TRB TI Two test level 4 bridge railing and transition systems for transverse timber deck bridges SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2: BRIDGES, OTHER STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Bridge Engineering Conference CY APR 03-05, 2000 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Transportat Res Board AB The Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, in cooperation with the Forest Products Laboratory, which is part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, and FHWA, designed two bridge railing and approach guardrail transition systems for use on bridges with transverse glue-laminated timber decks. The bridge railing and transition systems were developed and crash tested for use on higher-service-level roadways and evaluated according to the Test Level 4 safety performance criteria presented in NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The first railing system was constructed with glulam timber components, whereas the second railing system was configured with steel hardware. Eight full-scale crash tests were performed, and the bridge railing and transition systems were acceptable according to current safety standards. C1 Univ Nebraska, Midwest Roadside Safety Facil, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. MK Centennial, Arvada, CO 80001 USA. Fed Highway Adm, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Faller, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Midwest Roadside Safety Facil, 1901 Y St,Bldg C, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. OI Faller, Ronald/0000-0001-7660-1572 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07122-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1696 BP 334 EP 351 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU71A UT WOS:000176777600035 ER PT S AU Fedorowicz, O Bartoszewski, G Smigocki, A Malinowski, R Niemirowicz-Szczytt, K AF Fedorowicz, O Bartoszewski, G Smigocki, A Malinowski, R Niemirowicz-Szczytt, K BE Bielecki, S Tramper, J Polak, J TI Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) transformants carrying ipt gene fused to heat-shock (hsp70) promoter SO FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY SE PROGRESS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Food Biotechnology CY MAY 09-12, 1999 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Tech Biochem, Polish Acad Sci, European Federat Biotechnol, Polish Biochem Soc, Biotechnol Sect, DSM Food Specialities, State Comm Sci Res, ICN Biomed, Sugar Plant Ostrowy, Brewery Okocim, Sigma Aldrich ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; LATERAL SUPPRESSOR MUTANT; ZEATIN-RIBOSIDE; CYTOKININS; CRAIGELLA AB Tomato Is mutant, characterised by suppressed lateral shoots, abnormal flowers and low level of endogenous cytokinins, was transformed with a Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain ACS101 carrying an ipt gene under a heat shock promoter. Of the 62 rooted shoots that were obtained, most exhibited unchanged ploidy levels. The PCR analysis confirmed that 76% of the plants were transgenic. The segregation of the selectable marker gene, nptII, in majority of the progeny was 3:1 on a kanamycin-containing medium. A two-hour heat shock treatment at 42 degreesC increased ipt gene transcripts as analyzed by RT-PCR. Transcript levels decreased over time and after six hours could not be detected. C1 Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fedorowicz, O (reprint author), Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Plant Genet Breeding & Biotechnol, Nowoursynowska 166, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland. RI Malinowski, Robert/G-8219-2011; Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/B-2211-2012; OI Fedorowicz-Stronska, Olga/0000-0001-6970-8136; Bartoszewski, Grzegorz/0000-0002-6197-770X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0423 BN 0-444-50519-9 J9 PROGR BIOTECHNOL JI Prog. Biotechnol. PY 2000 VL 17 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BS43V UT WOS:000169858700007 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Elchediak, E AF Onwulata, CI Elchediak, E TI Starches and fibers treated by dynamic pulsed pressure SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE dynamic pulsed pressure; high pressure; fibers; water holding capacity ID HIGH-HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; HYDROLYSIS AB The effect of dynamic pulsed pressure treatment on water activity, moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), thermal and rheological properties of corn starch, modified corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose and wheat bran were investigated. Substantial changes in moisture content, water holding capacity, water activity, density, shifts in melting patterns, and reordering of molecules resulted from the pressure treatment. The starches and fibers were made into slurries (starches 200 g/kg; fibers 120 g/kg), fed by gravity into the pressure chamber, and pulsed pressure treated at 120 cycles/min; within chamber residence time for pressure treatment was 1.0 s. Dynamic pulsed pressure of 414 or 620 MPa was generated in the chamber. Slurry how rate through the pressure chamber ranged from 57 to 100 1/h. C-13 NMR analysis of pressure treated starch showed evidence of pressure induced degradation and loss of long range molecular ordering for modified corn starch. Pressure treatment resulted in increases in density and reduction in water holding capacity of cellulose. A 35% reduction in water holding capacity of cellulose was observed, a significant change (P < 0.05) that may potentially increase the amount of cellulose fiber incorporated into foods. Peak melting points of the starches were reduced 10 degrees C at 414 and 620 MPa, and increased with subsequent pressure treatment cycles. The effect of pressure treatment on starches and fibers depend on their source, the degree of pressure treatment, and the number of cycles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Delta Food Grp, Sharon Hill, PA 19079 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 5 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00057-0 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 324TQ UT WOS:000087637800006 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Patterson, D Uknalis, J Irwin, P AF Tu, SI Patterson, D Uknalis, J Irwin, P TI Detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 using immunomagnetic capture and luciferin-luciferase ATP measurement SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; immunomagnetic capture; luciferin-luciferase ATP measurement ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ASSAY; BIOLUMINESCENCE; P-31 AB A procedure for rapid assay (about 30 min) of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in solutions is described. The bacteria,captured by specific immunomagnetic beads, were lysed by commercially available reagents. The released cellular ATP was determined by the chemiluminescence method using firefly lantern extracts. The ATP content of the E. coli capable of consuming oxygen was influenced by the presence of glucose. The immunomagnetic procedure was applied to determine the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in beef hamburger spiked with the bacteria. After a 6-h enrichment at 37 degrees C, significant ATP luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence was detected from beef hamburger suspensions spiked with less than one CFU/ml of the E. coli. Possible utilization of the developed procedure for practical application is discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 5 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00058-2 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 324TQ UT WOS:000087637800007 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Watkins, KB Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA AF Lu, YC Watkins, KB Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA TI Cover crops in sustainable food production SO FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; HAIRY VETCH; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; SOIL-WATER; NITROGEN; MULCH AB Cover crops are important components of sustainable agricultural systems. They increase surface residue and aid in the reduction of soil erosion. They improve the structure and water-holding capacity of the soil and thus increase the effectiveness of applied N fertilizer. Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch and crimson clover fix nitrogen and contribute to the nitrogen requirements of subsequent crops. Cover crops can also suppress weeds, provide suitable habitat for beneficial predator insects, and act as non-host crops for nematodes and other pests in crop rotations. This paper reviews the agronomic and economic literature on using cover crops in sustainable food production and reports on past and present research on cover crops and sustainable agriculture at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Maryland. Previous studies suggested that the profitability of cover crops is primarily the result of enhanced crop yields rather than reduced input costs. The experiments at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center on fresh-market tomato production showed that tomatoes grown with hairy vetch mulch were higher yielding and more profitable than those grown with black polyethylene and no mulch system. Previous studies of cover crops in grain production indicated that legume cover crops such as hairy vetch and crimson clover are more profitable than grass cover crops such as rye or wheat because of the ability of legumes to contribute N to the following crop. A comparative analysis of four reduced-tillage corn based cropping systems at the Sustainable Agricultural Demonstration site showed that the cover crop system with corn following hairy vetch produced the largest average gross margin, followed by the conventional no-tillage system, a manure-based system, and a crown vetch living mulch system. The EPIC model to simulate the long-term economic and environmental impacts of incorporating cover crops into grain production systems in mid-Atlantic states was used. Results based on 60 simulation years indicated that there are tradeoffs between the competing objectives of increased profitabilily, lower soil erosion, and reduced nutrient and pesticide hazards to surface and groundwater supplies. A corn/soybean two-year rotation was found to be the most profitable, while the cover crop system and the manure system were found to be the most environmentally sound. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 68 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 11 U2 71 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 8755-9129 J9 FOOD REV INT JI Food Rev. Int. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 121 EP 157 DI 10.1081/FRI-100100285 PG 37 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 318LL UT WOS:000087285500001 ER PT J AU Crawford, DM De Groot, RC Watkins, JB Greaves, H Schmalzl, KJ Syers, TL AF Crawford, DM De Groot, RC Watkins, JB Greaves, H Schmalzl, KJ Syers, TL TI Treatability of US wood species with pigment-emulsified creosote SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Since the 1920s, creosote has been used extensively in the United States for treatment of construction timbers, poles, and posts. However, creosote has the tendency to exude or "bleed" from some treated commodities, producing a tar-like covered surface. In the United States, creosote-treated products exhibiting cleaner dried surfaces and a reduced tendency to bleed have been achieved through reduction of the xylene-insoluble carbonaceous fraction in creosote. In Australia, pigment-stabilized creosote emulsion formulations have been designed and developed to "lock" the oil phase within the treated timber and are referred to as pigment-emulsified creosote (PEG). The surfaces of PEG-treated commodities remain dry; the creosote does not leach into the ground or water in marine environments; and the oil remains mobile within the microstructure of the PEG-treated products. In this study, the treatment characteristics of southern pine, red oak, red maple, and Douglas-fir with PEG 30W are reported. Results showed that treatment of the four wood species with PEG 30W is generally comparable to treatment with reference creosote P1/P13, except that slightly greater variability in creosote loading occurs with PEC. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. CSIRO, Forest Prod Lab, Forestry & Forest Prod, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Crawford, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 277XK UT WOS:000084958700007 ER PT J AU De Groot, RC Woodward, B Hennon, PE AF De Groot, RC Woodward, B Hennon, PE TI Natural decay resistance of heartwood from dead, standing yellow-cedar trees: Laboratory evaluations SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MORTALITY; DECLINE AB Yellow-cedar trees have been mysteriously dying for more than a century in southeast Alaska. As these stems continue to stand for decades in the forest, foliage, twigs, and branches deteriorate. The sapwood in the stem degrades, leaving columns of essentially heartwood standing like ghosts in the forest until they eventually drop. To estimate the potential for utilization of these trees, several experiments have been initiated to characterize the natural durability of heartwood from dying and dead yellow-cedar trees. The objectives of this study were to characterize the durability of heartwood in living and dead stems using standard American Society for Testing and Materials procedures and to determine if durability of heartwood differs between living and dead trees, with tree size, with position relative to pith, and with years following tree death. Results from this study indicate that the heartwood from live trees and from snag class III trees was resistant to attack by G. trabeum. Heartwood from smaller diameter trees in snag class V was moderately resistant to G. trabeum, but heartwood from the larger diameter trees in snag class V was not. Heartwood of live and dead yellow-cedar trees was not resistant to decay by Postia placenta and Serpula himantioides. Results also suggest that the natural durability against decay fungi of clear heartwood from living yellow-cedar trees and from yellow-cedar trees that have been dead less than 80 years is adequate to have practical application for products used aboveground and subjected to intermittent wetting. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP De Groot, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 277XK UT WOS:000084958700011 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Baumgras, JE AF Luppold, WG Baumgras, JE TI Analysis of changes in eastern national forest timber sales between 1985 and 1997 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Since the mid-1980s, the volume of sawtimber sold by eastern national forests has declined by 55 percent. Factors contributing to this decline include increased recreational demands, political pressures from environmentalists and the adoption of ecosystem management techniques. This paper examines the changes in the sales of roundwood products from 1985 to 1997 for three eastern regions that contain relatively large quantities of hardwood sawtimber: the Lake States, Northern Appalachian Mountains (Northern Mountains), and Southern Appalachian Mountains (Southern Mountains). Although this analysis was concerned primarily with hardwood sawtimber sales, softwood sawtimber and softwood and hardwood pulpwood sales also were examined because all these products are part of national forest timber sales. Although roundwood sales have decreased in all three regions, sales revenue has increased in the Lake States and Northern Mountains regions because roundwood product prices have increased more than sales volumes have decreased. However, the increased revenue in the Lake States emanated from increased pulpwood sales revenues while the increased revenue in the Northern Mountains resulted from increased black cherry sales revenue. The Southern Mountains was the only region that experienced a decline in roundwood sales revenue between 1985 and 1997. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 277XK UT WOS:000084958700016 ER PT B AU Rossel, F Garbrecht, J AF Rossel, F Garbrecht, J GP AMS AMS TI Use of regional precipitation forecasts for local applications SO FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, GRL, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rossel, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRL, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS02X UT WOS:000168377700012 ER PT J AU Suzuki, YJ Lorenzi, MV Shi, SS Day, RM Blumberg, JB AF Suzuki, YJ Lorenzi, MV Shi, SS Day, RM Blumberg, JB TI Homocysteine exerts cell type-specific inhibition of AP-1 transcription factor SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE AP-1; free radicals; gene expression; homocysteine; redox; signal transduction; thiols ID DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; REDOX REGULATION; PROTEIN; KINASE; IDENTIFICATION; GROWTH; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB Homocysteine (Hcy) exerts either promoting or suppressive effects on mitogenesis in a cell type-specific manner. Hey elicits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, but is rather inhibitory to growth of endothelial cells and NIH/3T3 cells. In NIH/3T3 cells, we found that physiologically relevant concentrations (20-100 mu M) of Hcy inhibit the activity of activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, although it is capable of eliciting immediate-early signaling events. Hey induced p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in control cells, but not in dominant negative p21(ras) transfected cells, indicating induction of the Ras-MAPK pathway. Hey also induced the activity of serum response factor and expression of c-fos and c-jun genes. Despite the activation of these upstream events, Hey potently inhibited AP-1 activity. Oxidized forms of Hey (Hcy thiolactone, homocystine) were less effective in affecting AP-1. Hey-mediated inhibition of AP-1 activity was not observed in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. These results demonstrate that Hey exerts cell type- and redox-specific inhibition of AP-1 dependent biological events. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Boston, MA USA. NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ysuzuki@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 EI 1873-4596 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00200-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 276HL UT WOS:000084872000005 PM 10656289 ER PT B AU Sivinski, J AF Sivinski, J BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Breeding habits and sex in families closely related to the Tephritidae: Opportunities for comparative studies of the evolution of fruit fly behavior SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID DIPTERA; FLIES; OTITIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400003 ER PT B AU Norrbom, AL Condon, MA AF Norrbom, AL Condon, MA BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Phylogeny of the subfamily Blepharoneurinae SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID DOMINICAN AMBER; FRUIT-FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; AGE C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, PSI, MRC 168,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, PSI, MRC 168,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 135 EP 155 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400007 ER PT B AU Norrbom, AL Zucchi, RA Hernandez-Ortiz, V AF Norrbom, AL Zucchi, RA Hernandez-Ortiz, V BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Phylogeny of the genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana (Trypetinae : Toxotrypanini) based on morphology SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID IMMATURE STAGES; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FRATERCULUS; SUSPENSA; REVISION; FLY C1 Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, PSI, MRC 168,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, USDA ARS, PSI, MRC 168,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Zucchi, Roberto/D-7738-2012 OI Zucchi, Roberto/0000-0001-9861-7460 NR 67 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 299 EP 342 PG 44 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400013 ER PT B AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Behavior of flies in the genus Toxotrypana (Trypetinae : Toxotrypanini) SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID PAPAYA FRUIT-FLY; CURVICAUDA GERSTAECKER DIPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOST FRUIT; TEPHRITIDAE; OVIPOSITION C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 363 EP 373 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400015 ER PT B AU Sivinski, J Aluja, M Dodson, G Freidberg, A Headrick, D Kaneshiro, K Landolt, P AF Sivinski, J Aluja, M Dodson, G Freidberg, A Headrick, D Kaneshiro, K Landolt, P BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Topics in the evolution of sexual behavior in the Tephritidae SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ACOUSTIC COURTSHIP SIGNALS; CURVICAUDA GERSTAECKER DIPTERA; VALENTIBULLA-DODSONI DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; IMMATURE STAGES C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 199 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 751 EP 792 PG 42 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400029 ER PT B AU Heath, RR Landolt, PJ Robacker, DC Dueben, BD Epsky, ND AF Heath, RR Landolt, PJ Robacker, DC Dueben, BD Epsky, ND BE Aluja, M Norrbom, AL TI Sexual pheromones of tephritid flies: Clues to unravel phylogeny and behavior SO FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE): PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Fruit Flies (Tephritidae) - Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CY FEB 16-21, 1998 CL VERACRUZ, MEXICO SP Campana Nacl Moscas Fruta, USDA, FAS, ICD, Div Res & Sci Exchanges, Int Org Biol Control Noxious Anim & Plants, Inst Ecol AC, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia, Comite Local Sanidad Vegetal ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; TOXOTRYPANA-CURVICAUDA DIPTERA; MAJOR COMPONENTS; CALLING MALES; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTION; VOLATILES; RESPONSES; BLEND C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-1275-2 PY 2000 BP 793 EP 809 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BP56B UT WOS:000085492400030 ER PT J AU Wilson, ME Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Ford, SP AF Wilson, ME Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Fahrenkrug, SC Ford, SP TI Differential gene expression during elongation in the preimplantation pig embryo SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE pig; conceptus; gene expression; ribonucleoprotein ID ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; HNRNP A1; PORCINE; BLASTOCYST; CONCEPTUSES; SSCP; MAP AB On day 12-13 of gestation, the preimplantation pig conceptus undergoes a dramatic morphologic change from an approximately l-cm sphere to a nearly l-m long thread. This transformation, referred to as elongation, occurs in just 12-24 h. Elongation is primarily the result of trophectodermal cell shape changes, as there is relatively little mitosis during this stage of development. Thus far, descriptions of elongation have been limited to histologic and immunofluorescent studies of cell morphology and gross biochemical evaluations. We hypothesized that the changes in trophectoderm morphology likely involves significant changes in gene expression, Therefore, we used RNA arbitrarily primed-PCR (RAP-PCR) to characterize potential differential gene expression by trophectodermal cells during pig conceptus elongation. We found that the porcine heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 was shown to be differentially expressed by trophectodermal cells during elongation, We suggest that regulated alternative splicing may contribute to the morphogenetic process of elongation. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ford, SP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2356F Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1526-954X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1526-968X(200001)26:1<9::AID-GENE4>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 358KD UT WOS:000089556500004 PM 10660669 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Burner, DM Legendre, BL AF Pan, YB Burner, DM Legendre, BL TI An assessment of the phylogenetic relationship among sugarcane and related taxa based on the nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA intergenic spacers SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE multiple sequence alignment; PCR; Saccharum complex; sugarcane; 5S rRNA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; RNA GENES; FAMILY; WHEAT; SACCHARUM; ANDROPOGONEAE; ORGANIZATION; ERIANTHUS AB 5S rRNA intergenic spacers were amplified from two elite sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) cultivars and their related taxa by polymerase chain traction (PCR) with 5S rDNA consensus primers. Resulting PCR products were uniform in length fi om each accession but exhibited some degree of length variation among the sugarcane accessions and related tars. These PCR products did not always cross hybridize in Southern blot hybridization experiments. These PCR products were cloned into a commercial plasmid vector PCR(TM) 2.1 and sequenced. Direct sequencing or cloned PCR products revealed spacer length of 231-237 bp for S. officinarum, 233-237 for sugarcane cultivars, 228-238 bp for S. spontaneum, 239-252 bp for S. giganteum, 385-410bp for Erianthus spp., 226-230 bp for Miscanthus sinensis Zebra, 206-207 bp for M. sinensis IMP 3057, 207-209 bp for Sorghum bicolor, and 247-249 bp for Zea mays. Nucleotide sequence polymorphism were found at both the segment and single nucleotide level. A consensus sequence fur each taxon was obtained by Align X. Multiple sequences were aligned and phylogenetic trees constructed using Align X, CLUSTAL and DNAMAN programs. In general, accessions of the following taxa tended to group together to form distinct clusters: S. giganteum, Erianthus spp., M, sinensis, S. bicolor, and Z. mays. However, the two S. officinarum clones and two sugarcane cultivars did not form distinct clusters but interrelated within the S. spontaneum cluster. The disclosure of these 5S rRNA intergenic spacer sequences will facilitate marker-assisted breeding in sugarcane. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70361 USA. ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1023/A:1004191625603 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 415RG UT WOS:000167736000010 PM 11294615 ER PT B AU Niemira, BA AF Niemira, BA BE Brungs, R Postiglione, SJ Postiglione, M TI Cellular pesticide production in genetically modified crop plants: Biochemistry, economics and intellectual property SO GENOME: PLANT, ANIMAL, HUMAN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Genome - Plant, Animal, Human CY AUG 01-05, 1999 CL LOYOLA UNIV, CHICAGO, IL SP Inst Theol Encounter Sci & Technol HO LOYOLA UNIV C1 USDA, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ITEST FAITH/SCIENCE PRESS PI ST LOUIS PA 3601 LINDELL BOULEVARD, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA BN 1-885583-08-7 PY 2000 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Ethics SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BS93D UT WOS:000171432900002 ER PT J AU Groenen, MAM Cheng, HH Bumstead, N Benkel, BF Briles, WE Burke, T Burt, DW Crittenden, LB Dodgson, J Hillel, J Lamont, S de Leon, AP Soller, M Takahashi, H Vignal, A AF Groenen, MAM Cheng, HH Bumstead, N Benkel, BF Briles, WE Burke, T Burt, DW Crittenden, LB Dodgson, J Hillel, J Lamont, S de Leon, AP Soller, M Takahashi, H Vignal, A TI A consensus linkage map of the chicken genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-MAP; MICROCHROMOSOMES; CHROMOSOME-1; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY AB A consensus linkage map has been developed in the chicken that combines all of the genotyping data from the three available chicken mapping populations. Genotyping data were contributed by the laboratories that have been using the East Lansing and Compton reference populations and from the Animal Breeding and Genetics Group of the Wageningen University using the Wageningen/Euribrid population. The resulting linkage map of the chicken genome contains 1889 loci. A framework map is presented that contains 480 loci ordered on 50 linkage groups. Framework loci are defined as loci whose order relative to one another is supported by odds greater then 3. The possible positions of the remaining 1409 loci are indicated relative to these framework loci. The total map spans 3800 cM, which is considerably larger than previous estimates for the chicken genome. Furthermore, although the physical size of the chicken-genome is threefold smaller then that of mammals, its genetic map is comparable in size to that of most mammals. The map contains 350 markers within expressed sequences, 235 of which represent identified genes or sequences that have significant sequence identity to known genes. This improves the contribution of the chicken linkage map to comparative gene mapping considerably and clearly shows the conservation of large syntenic regions between the human and chicken genomes. The compact physical size of the chicken genome, combined with the large size of its genetic map and the observed degree of conserved synteny, makes the chicken a valuable model organism in the genomics as well as the postgenomics era. The linkage maps, the two-point lod scores, and additional information about the loci are available at web sites in Wageningen (http://www.zod.wau.nl/vf/research/chick chicken.html) and East Lansing (http://poultry.mph.msu.edu/). C1 Agr Univ Wageningen, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, Wageningen Inst Anim Sci, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton Lab, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Agr & Agro Food Canada, Ctr Food & Anim Res, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Roslin Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Natl Inst Agrobiol Resources, Dept Genet Resources 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Groenen, MAM (reprint author), Agr Univ Wageningen, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, Wageningen Inst Anim Sci, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Burke, Terry/B-3196-2011; OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Burke, Terry/0000-0003-3848-1244; Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 39 TC 331 Z9 354 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 284QV UT WOS:000085344200015 PM 10645958 ER PT B AU Anderson, OD AF Anderson, OD BE Gustafson, JP TI Gene expression and genome structure relevance in an applied project on wheat quality SO GENOMES SE STADLER GENETICS SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Stadler Genetics Symposium CY JUN 08-10, 1998 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO HO UNIV MISSOURI ID GLUTENIN SUBUNIT GENE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; NUCLEOTIDE; SEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; FAMILY; PLANTS; MAIZE C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46360-1 J9 STADLER GEN PY 2000 BP 211 EP 222 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BQ62A UT WOS:000088991900016 ER PT J AU Swanson, DK Lacelle, B Tarnocai, C AF Swanson, DK Lacelle, B Tarnocai, C TI Temperature and the boreal-subarctic maximum in soil organic carbon SO GEOGRAPHIE PHYSIQUE ET QUATERNAIRE LA English DT Article ID NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; INTERIOR ALASKA; FOREST TYPES; CANADA; PRODUCTIVITY; ACCUMULATION; WETLANDS AB On the plains of central North America and western Siberia, soil carbon storage and cover by organic soils are highest in the region with mean annual soil temperatures near 0 degreesC, and generally decrease to the north and south. The location of this large soil carbon sink in the boreal and subarctic is probably due in part to the low heat availability in the soil as compared to the air in these regions. The thermal advantage of the air environment gives green plants a metabolic advantage over decomposers in the soil, which favors soil carbon accumulation. The thermal advantage of the air environment relative to the soil is greatest where mean annual soil temperatures are near or a few degrees below the lower limit of biological activity for cold-adapted soil organisms and plants, i.e. near 0 degreesC. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Anim & Plant Soil Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Swanson, DK (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, 590 Univ Ave,Suite B, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM ffdks@aurora.alaska.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESSES UNIV MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA PO BOX 6128, SUCCURSALE A, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3C 3J7, CANADA SN 0705-7199 J9 GEOGR PHYS QUATERN JI Geogr. Phys. Quat. PY 2000 VL 54 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Paleontology GA 420WM UT WOS:000168028300003 ER PT J AU Scowcroft, PG Turner, DR Vitousek, PM AF Scowcroft, PG Turner, DR Vitousek, PM TI Decomposition of Metrosideros polymorpha leaf litter along elevational gradients in Hawaii SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; litter quality; Metrosideros polymorpha; tropical montane rain forest; site fertility; ecosystem development ID LOA ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; LAVA FLOWS; MAUNA-LOA; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; SOIL DEVELOPMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; CLIMATE AB We examined interactions between temperature, soil development, and decomposition on three elevational gradients, the upper and lower ends of each being situated on a common lava flow or ash deposit. We used the reciprocal transplant technique to estimate decomposition rates of Metrosideros polymorpha leaf litter during a three-year period at warm and cool ends of each gradient. Litter quality was poorest early in soil development or where soils were most intensely leached and waterlogged. In situ litter decomposition was slowest on the young 1855 flow (k = 0.26 and 0.14 at low and high elevation, respectively). The more fertile Laupahoehoe gradient also supported more rapid in situ decay at the warmer low elevation site (k = 0.90) than at high elevation (k = 0.51). The gradient with the most advanced soil development showed no difference for in situ decay at low and high elevations (k = 0.88 and 0.99, respectively) probably due to low soil nutrient availability at low elevation, which counteracted the effect of warmer temperature. Comparisons of in situ, common litter, and common site experiments indicated that site factors influenced decomposition more than litter quality did. The effect of temperature, however, could be over-ridden by soil fertility or other site factors. Field gradient studies of this sort yield variable estimates of apparent Q(10), even under the best conditions, due to interactions among temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, decomposer communities and litter quality. Such interactions may be as likely to occur with changing climate as they are along elevational gradients. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Scowcroft, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pscowcro/psw_ipif@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00282.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299GD UT WOS:000086189700006 ER PT B AU Paetzold, RF Hinkel, KM Nelson, FE Osterkamp, TE Ping, CL Romanovsky, VE AF Paetzold, RF Hinkel, KM Nelson, FE Osterkamp, TE Ping, CL Romanovsky, VE BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Stewart, BA TI Temperature and thermal properties of Alaskan soils SO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND COLD REGIONS ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1998 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID COASTAL-PLAIN; ACTIVE LAYER C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Paetzold, RF (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Fed Bldg,Room 152,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-459-6 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 2000 BP 223 EP 245 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BQ50F UT WOS:000088535900016 ER PT S AU Doolittle, JA Jenkinson, BJ Franzmeier, DP Lynn, W AF Doolittle, JA Jenkinson, BJ Franzmeier, DP Lynn, W BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Improved radar interpretations of water table depths and groundwater flow patterns with predictive equations SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE ground-water flow patterns; velocity of propagation; water table ID RECHARGE AB Recent interest in soils and hydrologic modeling has increased the need for information concerning the depth and movement of ground water. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used eight times over a two-year period to chart water table depths and ground-water now patterns within a 32-ha forested site in northwestern Indiana, USA. Radar imagery was correlated with depths to the water table in 16 observation wells. The velocity of propagation ranged from 0.0508 m/ns to 0.1606 m/ns at these wells. Propagation velocities were generally slower during the spring and early summer months when depths to the water table were relatively shallow. Propagation velocities were faster through dunes than through the more poorly drained interdunes. Because of the spatiotemporal variability in propagation velocities and the known complexity of soil and landform patterns, a predictive equation based on water table depths and two-way travel times was developed for each GPR survey. In this setting, the use of a predictive equation based on multiple GPR measurements over a known reflector substantially improved the accuracy of radar depth interpretations over single or averaged measurements. C1 USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Doolittle, JA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jdoolitt@hp.nena.org; bjenkins@purdue.edu; franzmeier@purdue.edu; warren.lynn@nssc.nrcs.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1117/12.383617 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100086 ER PT B AU Munroe, EA McLemore, VT Dunbar, NW AF Munroe, EA McLemore, VT Dunbar, NW GP ICARD ICARD TI Mine waste rock pile geochemistry and mineralogy in southwestern New Mexico, USA SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID OXIDATION; PYRITE AB In New Mexico, there are at least 100,000 abandoned mine waste rock piles with widely ranging geochemical and mineralogical compositions. A geochemical and mineralogical study was implemented for five waste rock piles, some which contained sulfides, in the Hillsboro Mining District. Chemical and physical characteristics of mineral grains and their secondary mineral oxidation rinds were examined with the electron microprobe. Pyrite and chalcopyrite appear to be the most reactive to oxidizing conditions. Clays, iron oxide, iron hydroxide, iron sulfate, and primary texture rinds exist in the waste rock piles analyzed. C1 US Forest Serv, White River Natl Forest, Silverthorne, CO 80498 USA. RP Munroe, EA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, White River Natl Forest, Dillon Ranger Dist, Silverthorne, CO 80498 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1327 EP 1336 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500133 ER PT B AU Chappelle, EW McMurtrey, JE Mulchi, CL Daughtry, CST Kim, MS AF Chappelle, EW McMurtrey, JE Mulchi, CL Daughtry, CST Kim, MS BE Stein, TI TI Advances in fluorescence sensing systems for the remote assessment of nitrogen supply in field corn SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; GREEN PLANTS; VEGETATION; STRESS; BAND C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chappelle, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W Bldg,50 Rm 14 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 351 EP 353 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000115 ER PT B AU Mauget, SA Upchurch, DR AF Mauget, SA Upchurch, DR BE Stein, TI TI Vegetation index response to leaf area index and fractional vegetated area over cotton SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mauget, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 4810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 372 EP 374 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000122 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY de Kam, A AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY de Kam, A BE Stein, TI TI Southern Great Plains 1999 (SGP99) experiment: Overview and passive microwave satellite data analyses SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID SOIL-MOISTURE AB The Southern Great Plains (SGP) 1999 Experiment was conducted to address significant gaps in the knowledge base on the microwave remote sensing of soil moisture. Several unique aircraft based instruments (C, S and L band) participated in the field campaign in Oklahoma. Aircraft and ground based data collection was conducted between July 8th and July 20th. An excellent sequence of meteorological conditions occurred during the experiment Data collected by the TMI and SSM/I instruments were processed and compared to soil moisture observations. Results support previous experiments in this region using SSM/I data and provide new information on potential improvements that the TM can provide. Comparisons of the SSM/I and TMI data at 19 and 37 GHz allows the analysis of the effects of spatial resolution on soil moisture retrieval. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1051 EP 1053 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000340 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP Albertson, JD Cahill, AT Scanlon, TM AF Kustas, WP Albertson, JD Cahill, AT Scanlon, TM BE Stein, TI TI Application of radiometric temperature observations for energy balance estimation over agricultural sites in the Little Washita during SGP99 Experiment SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AB During the The Southern Great Plains 1999 (SGP99) Hydrology Experiment, radiometric temperature and surface energy balance data were collected over 4 fields in the Little Washita Watershed which comprise the major land cover types for this region. The radiometric temperature observations together with local screen level air temperature measurements are used with "single-source" approaches for computing sensible heat flux. The results suggest that single-source approaches require site specific calibrations. In addition, for regional applications with satellite data, this approach is particularly sensitive to uncertainty in specifying air temperature for each pixel An alternative "two-source" approach, which considers soil and vegetation contribution to the radiometric temperature observation and turbulent heat fluxes is described. When used in a time difference scheme with temporal trace in radiometric and air temperature observations, it is shown to be significantly less sensitive to uncertainty in these observations compared to approaches which use absolute radiometric-air temperature differences. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1072 EP 1074 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000347 ER PT B AU Gomez-Landesa, E Rango, A AF Gomez-Landesa, E Rango, A BE Stein, TI TI Snow mapping technique at subpixel level for small basins SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Snow cover mapping is often carried out using optical satellite imagery. In this paper we address the problem of snow mapping of small basins with areas only 10 times the spatial resolution of the sensor using subpixel analysis. This technique is currently being used in several basins in the Spanish Pyrenees and has been developed as part of a snow cover mapping and snowmelt runoff forecasting system which uses snow cover as an input for the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM). Spanish hydropower companies receive the snowmelt forecasts and use them as criteria in decision making for reservoir management. The accuracy of the forecast strongly depends on the snow cover accuracy. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gomez-Landesa, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1140 EP 1142 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000370 ER PT B AU Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST Loechel, SE Dulaney, WP Timlin, D AF Walthall, CL Daughtry, CST Loechel, SE Dulaney, WP Timlin, D BE Stein, TI TI Variability and covariance of factors affecting canopy reflectance within a 6 ha corn field SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The variability of factors affecting landscape reflectance are of interest for remote sensing validation experiments, remote sensing parameter retrieval efforts, and plant canopy simulation studies among others. Leaf optical properties and foliage density, expressed as leaf area index (LAI) are significant factors affecting canopy reflectance. Canopy height can be important when using a 3-dimensional simulation model. Variations in these elements cause variations in field-scale canopy reflectance although detailed measurements on scales larger than individual plots are rare. These factors are also usually treated as independent. However each is a function of plant vigor and thus should exhibit some covariance. Measurements of these factors at 64 locations within a 6 ha corn field were made at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD during July and August, 1997. The August data were collected after onset of a drought. The ranges of values for the factors are examined and covariance among the factors are examined. Results show a slight positive trend between LAI and height. A positive relationship between leaf reflectance and transmittance is noticeable for 501 nm, 550 nm, 601 nm and 702 nm, although not 1:1. There are also trends between leaf reflectance and transmittance, and LAI. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Walthall, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Rm 116,Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1474 EP 1476 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000477 ER PT B AU Chopping, MJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC AF Chopping, MJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC BE Stein, TI TI Potential for semiarid community type differentiation via exploitation of the directional signal: Tests with AVHRR data SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID NOAA/AVHRR AB Community-level vegetation type differentiation is regarded as an important application of remote sensing in monitoring the health of semiarid environments and yet it has proved difficult to discriminate more than two or three community types with confidence when using coarse spatial resolution data from off-nadir scanning sensors such as the AVHRR, even when multi-temporal datasets are used. Attempts to relate vegetation phenology to community type using AVHRR data have produced mixed results and large classification errors have been attributed to subpixel scale topographic and soil background variations, lack of in-flight calibration, inaccurate reflectance retrieval and poor registration. While these are important factors, anisotropy in surface reflectance as a result of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) also causes severe perturbations in the signal and yet this is rarely accounted for adequately. Recent years have seen a wider acknowledgement of this fundamental aspect of optical remote sensing, although it is usually approached as a problem. The extent of the improvement in community type differentiation may be considerable when a BRDF model is used to separate isotropic and anisotropic components. Here this potential is tested using data from the AVHRR over semi-arid regions. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1957 EP 1959 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000633 ER PT B AU Nouvellon, Y Moran, MS Chehbouni, A Lo Seen, D Bryant, R Nichols, M Prevot, L Rambal, S Ni, W Begue, A Heilman, P Keefer, TO AF Nouvellon, Y Moran, MS Chehbouni, A Lo Seen, D Bryant, R Nichols, M Prevot, L Rambal, S Ni, W Begue, A Heilman, P Keefer, TO BE Stein, TI TI Assimilating LANDSAT data in an ecosystem model for multi-year simulation of grassland carbon, water and energy budget SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci DE plant growth and hydrological model; grassland; assimilation; radiometric data AB In this study, a spatially explicit hydro-ecological model (SEHEM) has been developed and validated over a semi-arid grassland sub-watershed in Arizona. The model combines a plant growth sub-model to simulate the seasonal dynamics of root and aboveground biomass, and a hydrological sub-model to simulate soil moisture and temperature dynamics, energy and water budgets for the soil and the vegetation. In addition, the model has been coupled to radiative transfer models (RTMs) in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared (TIR) bands so that canopy reflectance and directional radiative surface temperature are simulated. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images obtained during a six year period were used to adjust some spatially variable model parameters by minimizing the difference between model simulations and remotely sensed data. Comparisons between observations and model estimates of above ground biomass, net radiation, sensible and latent heat flux, component temperatures are presented. C1 USDA ARS, SWRC, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Nouvellon, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, SWRC, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Lo Seen, Danny/C-2679-2008; Nouvellon, Yann/C-9295-2016; OI Lo Seen, Danny/0000-0002-7773-2109; Prevot, Laurent/0000-0002-4627-4379; Nouvellon, Yann/0000-0003-1920-3847; rambal, serge/0000-0001-5869-8382 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1966 EP 1968 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000636 ER PT B AU Ritchie, JC Schmugge, TJ Rango, A Schiebe, FR AF Ritchie, JC Schmugge, TJ Rango, A Schiebe, FR BE Stein, TI TI Remote sensing applications for monitoring semiarid grasslands at the Sevilleta LTER, New Mexico SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID DESERTIFICATION AB In 1997 the USDA Agriculture Research Service, Hydrology Laboratory began collecting remotely sensed data on semiarid rangelands of the Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in central New Mexico USA. Ground, aircraft, and satellite data are being used to monitor changes in the vegetative, physical, thermal, and radiometric properties of two ecosystems (grass and shrub) typical of the Sevilleta rangeland. This is a companion project to JORNEX [1] at the USDA ARS Jomada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico where similar measurements have been made since 1995. Remote sensing campaigns have been made at Sevilleta in May/June and September/October of 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. Data from the different platforms are used to evaluate landscape properties at a range of scales. Radiance measured at ground and aircraft platforms was 3 to 5% higher at the shrub site when compared with the grass site. Temperatures of the landscape surface were 3 to 5 degreesC higher at the shrub when compared with the grass site by 1 pm local time. These differences could have significant effects on the energy and water balances of the Sevilleta rangelands if shrubs continue to expand at the expense of the grassland. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1969 EP 1971 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000637 ER PT B AU French, AN Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP AF French, AN Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP BE Stein, TI TI Combined visible-near infrared and multi-band thermal infrared data for discrimination of vegetated and bare surfaces SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Land classification data sets that are required for energy flux modeling of landscape scale remotely sensed data are highly reliant upon vegetation indices for estimating fractional vegetation cover. The visible-near infrared band based index, NDVI, was found inadequate in a recent study of rangelands at El Reno, Oklahoma (SGP97). Bare soil and senescent vegetation, surfaces with quite different energy transport properties, could sometimes not be distinguished. A practical, remote sensor based remedy to this problem was developed from multi-band thermal infrared data, which was used to create an image of spectral emissivity contrast. Vegetative cover, whether green or brown, showed low emissivity contrast, while bare soil surfaces showed high emissivity contrast. When emissivity contrast data were combined with NDVI data, harvested winter wheat could be discriminated from plowed fields, which improved two-source model estimates of surface heat flux. This approach will have wider application when multi-spectral thermal infrared data becomes available from the ASTER instrument, recently launched on the EOS-Terra satellite. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP French, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 2426 EP 2428 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000789 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T French, A Ritchie, J Rango, A AF Schmugge, T French, A Ritchie, J Rango, A BE Stein, TI TI The use of multispectral TIR data for observing the spectral emissivity of arid lands SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER AB With the successful launch of the Terra satellite a new tool for observing land surface properties becomes available, i.e. multispectral thermal infrared data from the the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) instrument. These data can be used to assess the spectral variations of surface emissivity. Knowledge of the surface emissivity is important for determining the radiation balance at the land surface. For and lands with sparse vegetation the problem is difficult because the emissivity of the exposed soils and rocks is highly variable. The data we will present are from the airborne TIMS instrument which has multiple channels in the 8 to 12 mum region from flights over the Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico. The Jornada site is typical of a desert grassland where the main vegetation components are grass and shrubs. The Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm is used to extract the temperature and 6 emissivities from the 6 channels of TIMS data. TES makes use of an empirical relation between the range of observed emissivities and their minimum value. Data were obtained at 2 and 4 meter resolutions during the summer of 1997 and the results are in quantitative agreement with laboratory measurements of the emissivity for the quartz rich soils of the site with values < 0.8 for the 8 - 9 mum channels. For the longest wavelength channel little spatial variation of the emissivity was observed with values of 0.96 +/- 0.005 over large areas. C1 USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 2516 EP 2518 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000817 ER PT S AU Trabelsi, S Krazsewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Trabelsi, S Krazsewski, AW Nelson, SO GP IEEE IEEE TI A new calibration technique for microwave moisture sensors SO IMTC/2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SMART CONNECTIVITY: INTEGRATING MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2000 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Baltimore Sect IEEE, Washington Sect I&M Soc Chapter, Us Dept Commer, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, GEO-Ctrs Inc ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DENSITY AB A new calibration technique was developed for implementation in microwave moisture sensors. The calibration permittivity function used for this purpose allows computation of moisture content in granular materials with significant differences in shape, dimensions and composition independent of bulk density and with temperature compensation. A three-dimensional representation is used so plot the calibration permittivity function as it depends on temperature and moisture content in wheat and earn. For each material, data points form a surface that is a plane. These planes have nearly the same coefficients which can be utilized for the development of a "universal" calibration method for moisture sensing in natural and manufactured granular materials. Foundations of the method are discussed, based on results obtained for wheat and corn over a wide temperature range and at moisture contents of practical interest. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-5890-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2000 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1109/IMTC.2000.846803 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ46B UT WOS:000088408100002 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO GP IEEE IEEE TI Measurement and computation of powdered mixture permittivities SO IMTC/2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SMART CONNECTIVITY: INTEGRATING MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2000 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Baltimore Sect IEEE, Washington Sect I&M Soc Chapter, Us Dept Commer, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, GEO-Ctrs Inc ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; KERNELS; GHZ AB The permittivities of pulverized samples of coal and limestone were measured over a range of bulk densities at 11.7 GHz and 20 degrees C, and were used, along with particle densities, determined by pycnometer measurements, and the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga dielectric mixture equation to determine the solid material permittivities. Subsequently, similar measurements were taken on a 35%-65% coal-limestone mixture, and the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga equation and the Complex Refractive Index dielectric mixture equation were used to calculate the permittivities of powdered coal, limestone, and the 35%-65% mixture at various bulk densities. Results compared to the measured permittivities showed that the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga equation provided much better estimates than the other equation, with errors of 0.15% in predicting the dielectric constants of powdered coal, 1.4% in predicting the dielectric constants of powdered limestone, and 0.5% in predicting the dielectric constants of the coal-limestone mixture. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-5890-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2000 BP 1159 EP 1162 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ46B UT WOS:000088408100222 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Vaughn, JL Clark, EA AF Loeb, MJ Vaughn, JL Clark, EA TI Primary cultures of midgut cells from Heliothis virescens can be frozen and stored SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Letter ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; EPITHELIUM C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mloeb@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0007:PCOMCF>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 296UX UT WOS:000086046100003 PM 10691034 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Blowers, A McElroy, D AF Kamo, K Blowers, A McElroy, D TI Effect of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, actin, and ubiquitin promoters on uidA expression from a bar-uidA-fusion gene in transgenic Gladiolus plants SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE GUS; monocotyledonous bulbs; Gladiolus; transformation; transgenic ID RICE PLANTS; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; POLYUBIQUITIN GENES; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; CAMV 35S; MAIZE; CELLS; POTATO; REGENERATION AB Tissue-specific patterns and levels of gene expression were characterized in transgenic Gladiolus plants that contained the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar)-beta-glucuronidase (uidA) fusion gene under transcriptional control of the promoter from either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S), duplicated CaMV 35S (2 x CaMV 35S), rice actin (Act1), or Arabidopsis ubiquitin (UBQ3) promoters. The bar gene confers resistance to phosphinothricin (PPT)-containing herbicides and allowed selection of transgenic cells. The beta-glucuronidase gene encoded by the uidA locus of E. coli functioned as a reporter gene. Maximum levels of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in leaves were 173, 112, 50, and 10 nmoles 4-methylumbelliferone h(-1) mg(-1) protein for transgenic plants with the bar-uidA fusion gene under the control of the CaMV 35S, 2 x CaMV 35S, UBQ3, and Act1 promoters, respectively. There was frequently considerable variability in GUS activity between the leaves of a single plant, and levels of uidA expression varied between independently transformed plants for each promoter. Callus derived from transgenic plants showed much less variation in GUS expression than leaves. The mean level of GUS activity was significantly higher (over 3x) for transgenic lines of callus containing the CaMV 35S as compared to the UBQ3 promoter, and this confirmed the higher (2x) level of GUS activity in leaves of plants with the CaMV 355 promoter as compared to the UBQ3 promoter. Tissue-specific patterns of uidA expression were determined by histochemical staining. Leaves 5-6 cm long from plants with any of the four promoters tested exhibited uidA expression primarily in the vasculature. Under all four promoters uidA was expressed more frequently in root tips as compared to leaves. C1 USDA, Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Sanford Sci Inc, Waterloo, ON 13165, Canada. DEKALB Genet Corp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Arboretum, B-010A Room 238 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 299AT UT WOS:000086174200005 ER PT J AU Tsao, CWV Postman, JD Reed, BM AF Tsao, CWV Postman, JD Reed, BM TI Virus infections reduce in vitro multiplication of 'Malling Landmark' raspberry SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Rubus; micropropagation; raspberry bushy dwarf virus; tomato ringspot virus; tobacco streak virus ID INVITRO; PLANTS AB Virus-infected plants are often symptomless and may be inadvertently used as explant sources in tissue culture research. Our objective was to determine the effect of virus infection on micropropagation. We studied the effects of single and multiple infections of three common raspberry viruses on the in vitro culture of 'Malling Landmark' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Virus-infected raspberry plants were produced by leaf-graft inoculation from known-infected plants onto virus-free 'Malling Landmark'. Single-virus source plants were infected with either tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV), tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV), or raspberry bushy dwarf idaeovirus (RBDV) and were free of other viruses as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay. Virus-free, single, and multiple virus-infected 'Malling Landmark' explants were initiated into culture and multiplied on Anderson's medium with 8.9 mu M N-6-benzyladenine (BA). At the end of the multiplication tests, ELISA reconfirmed virus infections. In vitro multiplication of 'Malling Landmark' was significantly reduced by multiple infections, and multiplication of plants infected with all three viruses (RBDV + TomRSV + TSV) was less than half that of virus-free cultures. Shoot height and morphology of in vitro cultures were not influenced by virus infection. The greenhouse stock plant with the three-virus infection was stunted and yellow compared to the control and the other infected plants. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 299AT UT WOS:000086174200014 ER PT S AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the body composition of pigs of 90-to 130-kilograms body weight SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID CARCASS ANALYSIS; ACCURACY; PIGLETS; DEPTH AB We used the pig as an in vivo model for evaluating the effects of extreme body depth on the measurement of body composition by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA), One group of 17 pigs weighed an average of 90 kg and had a maximum body depth of approximately 30 cm; another group of 54 pigs weighed 123 kg on average and had a maximum body depth of about 35 centimeters. In the larger pigs, DXA tended to measure a higher percentage of total body fat relative to the chemical analysis than in the smaller pigs, In both groups, but more predominantly in the larger pigs, there were areas in the bone of extreme thickness and/or density that were excluded from the analysis, which caused underestimation of bone mineral content and total tissue mass. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, Expt Stn, Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Growth Biol Lab, BARC East, Bldg 200,Room 205, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500012 PM 10865714 ER PT S AU Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in infant scans - An assessment using anthropomorphic phantoms SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500014 PM 10865716 ER PT S AU Kehayias, JJ Valtuena, S Waitekus, AB Sheahan, CA O'Neill, M AF Kehayias, JJ Valtuena, S Waitekus, AB Sheahan, CA O'Neill, M BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI In vivo elemental partition analysis using fast neutrons - A tool for testing the efficacy of new clinical interventions SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID BODY-FAT; ACTIVATION; CARBON AB The nutritional status of patients can be evaluated by monitoring changes in body composition, including depletion of protein and muscle; distribution of adipose tissue; and changes in hydration status, and bone or cell mass. Fast neutron activation (for N and P) and neutron inelastic scattering (for C and O) are used to assess in vivo elements characteristic of specific body compartments. Nonbone phosphorus for muscle is measured by the P-31(n,alpha)Al-28 reaction, and nitrogen for protein via the (n,2n) fast neutron reaction, The carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio is used to measure distribution of fat and lean tissue in the body and to monitor small changes in lean mass and its quality, In addition to evaluating the efficacy of new treatments, the method is used to study the mechanisms of depletion of lean tissue with aging. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kehayias, JJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500024 PM 10865726 ER PT S AU Stamatelatos, IE Kehayias, JJ AF Stamatelatos, IE Kehayias, JJ BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Estimation of extracellular water by instrumental neutron activation analysis of bromine SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Stamatelatos, IE (reprint author), NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500026 PM 10865728 ER PT S AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, HC BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Assessing regional muscle mass with segmental measurements of bioelectrical impedance in obese women during weight loss SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers the possibility of determining the bioconductor volume in discrete segments of the body, because the resistivities of bone, fat, and skeletal muscle differ considerably. We tested this hypothesis by measuring BIA and anthropometry of defined segments of the right thighs of women before and during a controlled weight-loss program. Eight women, aged 22 to 32 Sears, with a body mass index of 37.8 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SE) kg/m(2) underwent determinations of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and regional BIA measurements (800 mu A at 50 kHz) before the program, and monthly thereafter for four months during weight loss, BIA measurements were made with spot-detector electrodes positioned 10 cm apart on the anterior of the thigh, and source electrodes placed on the right hand and foot. The physical volume of the thigh segment decreased by 29 +/- 3% (p < 0.0001), with a modest change in its electrical volume (8 +/- 0.2%; p < 0.05) during weight loss, Muscle (181 +/- 49 g; p < 0.05) and fat mass (702 +/- 95 g; p < 0.001) also declined, The electrical or bioconductor volume correlated with DXA determinations of muscle mass (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001), whereas physical volume correlated with fat mass (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001), These findings support the hypothesis that BIA is a valid method to assess regional muscle mass in humans. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 154 EP 158 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500027 PM 10865729 ER PT S AU Lykken, GI Ong, HS Alkhatib, HA Harris, TR Momcilovc, B Penland, JG AF Lykken, GI Ong, HS Alkhatib, HA Harris, TR Momcilovc, B Penland, JG BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Perquisite spin-off from twenty-two years of measuring background in the whole body counter steel room SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Math, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Inst Med Res & Occupat Hlth, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lykken, GI (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500051 PM 10865753 ER PT S AU Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW AF Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Abrams, SA Wong, WW BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI The reference child and adolescent models of body composition - A contemporary comparison SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; CALCIUM AB Changes in the relative proportions of bone, muscle, water, visceral tissues, and body fat occur during growth, In the 1980s, reference models of body composition for children and adolescents were constructed by adjusting data on total body water (TBW), total body potassium (TBI(), and regional hone mineral(BMC) data from several different Caucasian populations, In our study, we measured TBW, TBK, and total body BMC in 856 healthy European-American, African-American, and Mexican-American children. When we reconstructed the reference models using our contemporary data, we found that the body's bone, protein, and fat compartments are slightly but significantly different from the earlier models, Our study provides the range of normal body composition of healthy children, aged 5-18 years, and accounts fur differences related to gender and ethnicity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab, Dept Pediat,USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab, Dept Pediat,USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 11 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 374 EP 382 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500073 PM 10865775 ER PT S AU Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Wong, WW Abrams, SA AF Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Wong, WW Abrams, SA BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Prediction models for bone mineral content in school-aged children SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab,Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab,Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500083 PM 10865785 ER PT S AU Roubenoff, R AF Roubenoff, R BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Sarcopenic obesity: Does muscle loss cause fat gain? Lessons from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; KNEE; INTERLEUKIN-1; INFLAMMATION; PREVENTION; RECEPTOR; CACHEXIA; INSULIN; MASS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG15797]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45734] NR 19 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500102 PM 10865804 ER PT B AU Harwood, J Dismukes, R Vandeveer, M Heifner, R AF Harwood, J Dismukes, R Vandeveer, M Heifner, R GP OECD OECD TI Insurance systems - From risk-poolin to safety nets: Crop and revenue insurance in the United States SO INCOME RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OECD Workshop on Income Risk Management CY MAY 15-16, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Harwood, J (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18534-8 PY 2000 BP 93 EP 106 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BV19A UT WOS:000178101800006 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Sojka, RE Glenn, GM AF Orts, WJ Sojka, RE Glenn, GM TI Biopolymer additives to reduce erosion-induced soil losses during irrigation SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE erosion; soil stabilization; polyacrylamides chitosan; xanthate; biodegradable ID FURROW EROSION; CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; POLYACRYLAMIDE; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; RUNOFF; WATER AB A series of biopolymers added to irrigation water were tested for their efficacy in reducing shear-induced erosion in a laboratory-scale mini-furrow Suspensions of chitosan, starch xanthate, cellulose xanthate, and acid-hydrolyzed cellulose microfibrils, at concentrations of 20, 80, 80, and 120 ppm, respectively, reduced suspended solids by more than 80%. None of these biopolymers, however, exhibited the > 90% runoff sediment reduction shown by the present industry standard, synthetic polyacrylamide polymers, PAM. PAM is effective at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. In field tests, chitosan solutions were only marginally effective in reducing runoff from the end of a 137 m long furrow, with indications that results were dependent on the length of the furrow. Sediment runoff of some clay-rich Northern California soils was reduced by up to 85% by increasing the concentration of exchangeable calcium to > 2.5mM. Calcium improved the sedimentation of the polyelectrolytic polymers in this study. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00030-8 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 275EH UT WOS:000084806100004 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ TI Cryptostegia grandiflora - a potential multi-use crop SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cryptostegia grandiflora; gross heat value; fatty acid; hydrocarbon; polyphenol; protein; oil ID RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS; PLANT AB Cryptostegia grandiflora, a member of Asclepiadaceae, was evaluated as a potential multi-use crop. The plant contained 14.0% protein, 6.5% oil, 6.9% polyphenol, and 2.13% hydrocarbon. The gross heat value of the species was 3878.0 cal/g, while the oil fraction was 7350.1 cal/g, and the hydrocarbon fraction was 9300.0 cal/g. The NMR spectra of the hydrocarbon fraction reveals the presence of cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber). The oil fraction contains both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids including: lauric acid (trace), myristic acid (15.24%), palmitic acid (25.90%), stearic acid (3.8%), oleic acid (8.0%), linoleic acid (24.76%), and arachidic acid (22.28%). The high proportion of saturated fatty acids and the high oil content (> 5.0%) make C. grandiflora a potential source for industrial raw material and alternative for conventional oil. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 VHNSN Coll, Res Ctr Botany, Virudhunagar 626001, India. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Augustus, GDPS (reprint author), Grace Cottage 1,Mangalapuram 1st Lane, Dindigul 624003, India. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(99)00036-9 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 275EH UT WOS:000084806100008 ER PT J AU Birchmeier, MJ Hill, CG Houtman, CJ Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA AF Birchmeier, MJ Hill, CG Houtman, CJ Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA TI Enhanced wet air oxidation: Synergistic rate acceleration upon effluent recirculation SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN TECHNOLOGY; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; TRICKLE-BED REACTOR; P-COUMARIC ACID; ACETIC-ACID; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; KRAFT PULP; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER AB Wet air oxidation (WAO) reactions of cellobiose, phenol, and syringic acid were carried out under mild conditions (155 degrees C; 0.93 MPa O-2; soluble catalyst, Na-5[PV2Mo10O40]) Initial oxidation rates were rapid but decreased to small values as less reactive oxidation products accumulated. Recalcitrant oxidation products were consumed more rapidly, however, if additional cellobiose or phenol was added, a procedure equivalent to recirculation of WAO-reactor effluent. A half-fraction, factorial investigation was used to correlate rate enhancement with individual experimental variables: using a two-level design, effluents from the WAO of cellobiose were combined with unreacted cellobiose and WAO resumed. The effluents were degraded more rapidly than could be accounted for by residence time alone. Correlations identified by the factorial investigation were consistent with oxidation of recalcitrant compounds by highly reactive intermediates generated during the initially rapid radical-chain autoxidation of unreacted cellobiose. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1021/ie990149n PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 272JD UT WOS:000084646000009 ER PT J AU Jeyaseelan, S Hsuan, SL Kannan, MS Walcheck, B Wang, JF Kehrli, ME Lally, ET Sieck, GC Maheswaran, SK AF Jeyaseelan, S Hsuan, SL Kannan, MS Walcheck, B Wang, JF Kehrli, ME Lally, ET Sieck, GC Maheswaran, SK TI Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 is a receptor for Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin in bovine leukocytes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ADHESION DEFICIENCY; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; BETA-2 INTEGRIN; IN-VITRO; CELLS; CD11/CD18; ENDOTOXIN; CATTLE; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA-A1 AB Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin (Lkt) causes cell type- and species-specific effects in ruminant leukocytes. Recent studies indicate that P. haemolytica Lkt binds to bovine CD18, the common subunit of all beta 2 integrins. We designed experiments with the following objectives: to identify which member of the beta 2 integrins is a receptor for Lkt; to determine whether Lkt binding to the receptor is target cell (bovine leukocytes) specific; to define the relationships between Lkt binding to the receptor, calcium elevation, and cytolysis; and to determine whether a correlation exists between Lkt receptor expression and the magnitude of target cell cytolysis. We compared Lkt-induced cytolysis in neutrophils from control calves and from calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), because neutrophils from BLAD-homozygous calves exhibit reduced beta 2 integrin expression. The results demonstrate for the first time that Lkt binds to bovine CD11a and CD18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 [LFA-1]). The binding was abolished by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody (MAb). Lkt-induced calcium elevation in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) was inhibited by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 MAb (65 to 94% and 37 to 98%, respectively, at 5 and 50 Lkt units per ml; P < 0.05). Lkt-induced cytolysis in neutrophils and BAMs was also inhibited by anti-CD11a or anti-CD18 MAb in a concentration-dependent manner. Lkt bound to porcine LFA-1 but did not induce calcium elevation or cytolysis. In neutrophils from BLAD calves, Lkt-induced cytolysis was decreased by 44% compared to that of neutrophils from control calves (P < 0.05). These results indicate that LFA-1 is a Lkt receptor, Lkt binding to LFA-1 is not target cell specific, Lkt binding to bovine LFA-1 correlates with calcium elevation and cytolysis, and bovine LFA-1 expression correlates with the magnitude of Lkt-induced target cell cytolysis. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Penn, Leon Levy Res Ctr Oral Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Anesthesiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Maheswaran, SK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL057498, R01 HL057498]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE009517, DE09517] NR 40 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 266LQ UT WOS:000084301800011 PM 10603370 ER PT J AU Hopkins, TL Krchma, LJ Ahmad, SA Kramer, KJ AF Hopkins, TL Krchma, LJ Ahmad, SA Kramer, KJ TI Pupal cuticle proteins of Manduca sexta: characterization and profiles during sclerotization SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect cuticle; cuticular proteins; cuticle tanning; sclerotization; tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; catecholamines ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; INSECT CUTICLE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; CROSS-LINKS; EXPRESSION; CATECHOLAMINE; INTEGUMENT; GENE; NMR AB Proteins in pupal abdominal cuticle of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, were characterized during the pre-ecdysial and post-ecdysial periods of sclerotization and endocuticle formation. Protein extractability decreased dramatically as the cuticle became sclerotized through 6 h post-ecdysis, but increased rapidly from 9 to 48 h as endocuticular layers were secreted. Nearly 100 proteins that were extracted from pre-ecdysial cuticle became largely insoluble during sclerotization. Three major proteins in this group destined to become exocuticle had apparent molecular masses (Mapp) of 20, 27 and 36 kDa , and were designated MS-PCP20, MS-PCP27, and MS-PCP36, Amino acid analysis revealed glycine to predominate in all three proteins, and alanine, aspartate, glutamate, proline and serine were also relatively abundant. Histidine residues, which provide sites for adduct and cross-link formation with quinone metabolites of N-beta-alanyldopamine during sclerotization of pupal cuticle, ranged from 2 to 3 mol %. N-Tenninal amino acid analysis of MSPC-20 and MSPC-36 also revealed some sequence similarities indicating they may be related. An almost entirely new group of proteins appeared by 9 h as endocuticule secretion began, and these increased in abundance through 48 h post-ecdysis. Two of these were major proteins with Mapps of 33 and 34 kDa, and they also had close similarities in their N-terminal amino acid sequences. This study showed that the large number of proteins secreted into the presumptive exocuticle of the pupa before ecdysis are involved in sclerotization reactions and as a consequence become largly insoluble. The epidermis then switches to the secretion of an entirely new group of proteins that are involved in formation of the endocuticle. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hopkins, TL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(99)00091-0 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 274BW UT WOS:000084744700003 PM 10646967 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Hagler, J AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Hagler, J TI The flow of incoming nectar through a honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony as revealed by a protein marker SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE honey bees; trophallaxis; nectar storage; communication; marking techniques; ELISA ID POLLEN AB The flow of incoming nectar in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies was simulated by feeding a sucrose solution labeled with a novel protein (rabbit IgG) marker and then analyzing bee and colony samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The labeled sucrose solution was quickly transported to food storage and brood combs. Within 2h, equal percentages of worker bees from food storage combs, nurse bees and nectar samples tested positive for the marker. Percentages of nurse bees and larvae testing positive also were equal within the first 2 h of feeding it to a colony and these percentages increased over time. Our results suggest that workers with nectar loads deposit them into cells on either food storage or brood comb with equal frequency. The labeled sucrose solution transported to the brood comb is subsequently used by nurse bees to feed larvae. How the deposition of incoming nectar in brood comb might possibly integrate the activities of foragers and nurse bees is discussed. C1 ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1007/PL00001720 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 388CP UT WOS:000166160100002 ER PT B AU Arbaugh, MJ Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME AF Arbaugh, MJ Bytnerowicz, A Fenn, ME BE Scow, KM Fogg, GE Hinton, DE Johnson, ML TI A predictor of seasonal nitrogenous dry deposition in a mixed conifer forest stand in the San Bernardino Mountains SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Cumulative Impacts Toward Sustainable Solutions - Critical Methodologies for the Study of Ecosystem Health CY SEP 08-10, 1996 CL UNIV CA DAVIS, DAVIS, CA HO UNIV CA DAVIS DE ammonium; nitrate; deposition; model; ponderosa pine ID SURROGATE SURFACES; CANOPY; SULFUR; PINE AB A predictor was developed to estimate seasonal surface dry deposition of nitrogenous (N) air pollution to a mixed conifer forest in the San Bernardino Mountains. The estimator requires only foliar rinse measurements at the canopy top, and leaf and branch area estimates by species for the site. The model assumes that the forest lacks a vertical atmospheric concentration gradient, and that NH,NO, is the dominant form of particulate ammonium and nitrate. The model was applied to a intensive study site, Barton Flats, located on the eastern side of the San Bernardino Mountains. Seasonal dry surface deposition for three tree species were estimated and then compared with foliar rinse and throughfall estimates for the summer of 1993. The model estimate of summertime dry surface deposition (3.44 kg N/ha) falls within the range of the foliar rinse estimate (4.22 kg N/ha) and the throughfall estimate (2.95 kg N/ha) for the same time and location. This approach has potential for reducing the number of field and laboratory measurements needed to obtain reliable seasonal surface deposition estimates for many dry forest, shrub, and savanna systems. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Arbaugh, MJ (reprint author), 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-453-7 PY 2000 BP 17 EP 24 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP25W UT WOS:000084508200002 ER PT B AU Bytnerowicz, A Carroll, JJ Takemoto, BK Miller, PR Fenn, ME Musselman, RC AF Bytnerowicz, A Carroll, JJ Takemoto, BK Miller, PR Fenn, ME Musselman, RC BE Scow, KM Fogg, GE Hinton, DE Johnson, ML TI Distribution and transport of air pollutants to vulnerable California ecosystems SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Cumulative Impacts Toward Sustainable Solutions - Critical Methodologies for the Study of Ecosystem Health CY SEP 08-10, 1996 CL UNIV CA DAVIS, DAVIS, CA HO UNIV CA DAVIS DE remote sites; monitoring; ozone; N and S air pollution ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; SIERRA-NEVADA; VECTOR ANALYSIS; CRITICAL LOADS; FOREST; CANOPY; CLOUDWATER AB Exposures to ozone (O-3), nitrogenous (N), and sulfurous (S) pollutants may have serious effects on vulnerable ecosystems in California and elsewhere. Elevated O-3 concentrations have been suggested as a factor contributing to the decline of sensitive forest tree species in the San Bernardino and Sierra Nevada Mountains. Long-term exposure to elevated deposition of N pollutants may lead to N saturation of mountain ecosystems and may affect their health and sustainability. Direct toxic effects of ambient concentrations of some N air pollutants (e.g., gaseous nitric acid or peroxyacetyl nitrate) are also possible. The methodology used by the authors for measuring concentrations and deposition of air pollutants in remote locations of California is reviewed. Special emphasis is put on methodologies which can be applied in remote locations without access to electric power. Information on concentrations of O-3, gaseous and particulate N and S species, as well as nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate in wet precipitation for selected case studies and monitoring networks is presented. In general, summer season average 24-h concentrations of ozone were elevated on western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, approaching 75 ppb in the Mountain Home site. Wet deposition of N and S were the highest at elevations below 2100 m on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada (approaching 2.83 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) at Giant Forest) and similar to the values determined at Tanbark Flat in southern California. The sites above 2200 m in the eastern Sierra Nevada had the lowest values of N wet deposition values. Similar trends to wet N deposition were also determined for gaseous and particulate N pollutants as well as dry deposition to pines. Total levels of wet and dry N deposition in the Sierra Nevada sites are still well below saturation levels. In the Sierra Nevada, wet N deposition was about two- to threefold higher than wet deposition of sulfur. Results from the elevational gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains clearly indicated that deposition of NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ were proportional to the amount of rain precipitation. In the San Bernardino Mountains, the highest ozone concentrations were found at about 1500 m, with significantly reduced levels at higher elevations. This chapter also presents distribution of N pollutant concentrations and their deposition on a vertical gradient in the mixed conifer canopy, models for atmospheric deposition estimates, ecological consequences of elevated concentrations of ozone, N saturation in vulnerable ecosystems, and research recommendations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-453-7 PY 2000 BP 93 EP 118 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP25W UT WOS:000084508200006 ER PT B AU Miller, PR Carroll, JJ Schilling, S Guthrey, R AF Miller, PR Carroll, JJ Schilling, S Guthrey, R BE Scow, KM Fogg, GE Hinton, DE Johnson, ML TI Air pollution and forests: Effects at the landscape level SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Cumulative Impacts Toward Sustainable Solutions - Critical Methodologies for the Study of Ecosystem Health CY SEP 08-10, 1996 CL UNIV CA DAVIS, DAVIS, CA HO UNIV CA DAVIS DE forest; landscape; ozone; pine; ponderosa; injury ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; OZONE; SEEDLINGS; INJURY; PINE AB In the past, an approximate spatial characterization of the risks to California forests from ozone was developed by other investigators using existing forest resource and ozone databases and expert-estimated sensitivities for tree species. Potential impact was the primary product. Others have employed GIS-based risk assessment approaches; however, this approach requires much calibration and evaluation with on-the-ground measurements of mature tree response to ozone. In regard to the measured impacts of ozone on pines in the mixed conifer forest type in the Sierra Nevada and the mountains of southern California, there is a nearly 30-year record of the assessments at specific locations. Within the last 5 years, the assessment of ozone injury to ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and Jeffrey (P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) pines has been improved by a descriptive procedure called the ozone injury index (OII). This procedure has been used between 1991 and 1994 to assess the condition of ponderosa and/or Jeffrey pines using approximately 50 trees at each of 33 sites throughout the north to south extent of the Sierra Nevada, and including the San Bernardino mountains. Average ozone-caused foliar damage for all 4 years showed an increase from north to south in California. Crown position class had an influence on ozone injury amount; dominant (D) and open grown (OG) trees have generally lower Oils (less injury) than codominant (CD) and intermediate (I) trees. The survey procedure confirmed ozone injury only if the distinctive chlorotic mottle symptom was present. However, the survey also recorded an upper leaf surface necrotic spotting called weather or winter fleck which is seen on needles that have been exposed to at least one winter period. The exact cause of winter Reck is unknown. Survey results show the intensity to be less in regions with relatively little photochemical pollutant exposure than in regions with moderate to high levels of pollutant exposure. The significance of winter fleck could be substantial, since it intensifies with each winter and diminishes the amount of healthy mesophyll tissue available for photosynthesis. Future assessments of the risk of ozone injury to the mixed conifer forest type should incorporate further developments in spatial analysis techniques, and ground truth should be provided by actual mature tree injury information from forest plots. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Miller, PR (reprint author), 5520 Via San Jacinto, Riverside, CA 92506 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-453-7 PY 2000 BP 233 EP 248 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP25W UT WOS:000084508200013 ER PT S AU Potter, WD Deng, X Somasekar, S Liu, S Rauscher, HM Thomasma, S AF Potter, WD Deng, X Somasekar, S Liu, S Rauscher, HM Thomasma, S BE Loganantharaj, R Palm, G TI Forest ecosystem management via the NED Intelligent Information System SO INTELLIGENT PROBLEM SOLVING: METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES, PRODEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (IEA/AIE 2000) CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Int Soc Appl Intelligence, SW Texas State Univ, Univ Louisiana Lafayette, ACM SIGART, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Canadian Soc Computat Studies Intelligence, IEE, Int Neural Network Soc, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence ID INTEROPERABILITY AB We view an Intelligent Information System (IIS) as composed of a unified knowledge base, database, and model base. This allows an IIS to provide responses to user queries regardless of whether the query process involves a data retrieval, an inference, a computational method, a problem solving module, or some combination of these. The unified integration of these components in a distributed environment for forest ecosystem management is the focus of our continuing research. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC USA. RP Potter, WD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, GSRC 111, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67689-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1821 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BS61T UT WOS:000170571100076 ER PT J AU Burke, SC Angle, JS Chaney, RL Cunningham, SD AF Burke, Stephen C. Angle, J. Scott Chaney, Rufus L. Cunningham, Scott D. TI Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Effects on Heavy Metal Uptake by Corn SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; bioremediation; lead AB Maximizing uptake of soil-borne metals into plants is important for successful phytoremediation. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) have been shown previously by our group to sequester metals in the roots of plants and prevent translocation to the shoot. If AM colonization of roots can be reduced, it may be possible to increase metal uptake into plants, thus increasing the efficiency of phytoremediation. The fungicide Benomy (R) was applied to a Pb-contaminated soil and seeded to corn (Zea mays). Because soil pH affects metal solubility, two pHs were also examined. Colonization of roots by AM was significantly decreased by application of Benomyl to soil, but only at the higher soil pH. Benomyl increased the concentration of several elements, including Pb, in shoots. However, the total Pb content in the shoot decreased due to the reduced shoot weight associated with Benomyl application. C1 [Burke, Stephen C.; Angle, J. Scott] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cunningham, Scott D.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 1201 Symons Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1080/15226510008500028 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JT UT WOS:000209015800002 ER PT J AU Delorme, TA Angle, JS Coale, FJ Chaney, RL AF Delorme, T. A. Angle, J. S. Coale, F. J. Chaney, R. L. TI Phytoremediation of Phosphorus-Enriched Soils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE Phytoremediation; phosphorus uptake; high soil P AB After numerous years of application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and/or manures, many soils accumulate high levels of P, increasing the risk of P transfer via surface runoff. While current and future regulations may limit P application to soil, little effort is given to the reduction of soils already enriched with P. To evaluate the potential of phytoremediation for decreasing available P in soil, the P uptake of several crops and vegetables grown on a high P soil was studied. Plant shoot and root P contents, plant-available soil P, and potential P removal under optimum conditions were examined. None of the plants were "true" P hyperaccumulators, although all removed some P from the soil. Whole corn plants (for silage) and Indian mustard removed the highest amount of P; 114 and 108 kg ha(-1), respectively. If only the grain from corn and Indian mustard were harvested, significantly lower amounts of P were removed from the field. These results show that there is extensive variation in the uptake of P by various crop species. For soils highly enriched with P, it may be desirable to grow a plant species capable of removing above average concentrations of P and to harvest the whole plant because a large fraction of the plant P is contained within the leaves and stems. C1 [Delorme, T. A.; Angle, J. S.; Coale, F. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Agr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chaney, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources Sci & Landscape Agr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ja35@umail.umd.edu NR 20 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1080/15226510008500038 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JU UT WOS:000209015900006 ER PT J AU Malik, M Chaney, RL Brewer, EP Li, YM Angle, JS AF Malik, Minnie Chaney, Rufus L. Brewer, Eric P. Li, Yin-Ming Angle, J. Scott TI Phytoextraction of Soil Cobalt Using Hyperaccumulator Plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; Alyssum murale; Alyssum corsicum; Nyssa sylvatica; nickel; cobalt AB A greenhouse study was conducted on phytoextraction of cobalt by nickel hyperaccumulators Alyssum murale and Alyssum corsicum and by two varieties of cobalt accumulator Nyssa sylvatica compared with the nonmetal accumulator crop plant Brassica juncea. The plants were grown on Sassafras sandy loam soil (<2 mg Co and 5 mg Ni/kg dry soil), amended with 1 mmol Co/kg dry soil (58.9 mg/kg), and two Ni smelter-contaminated soils, Quarry muck with 24 mg Co and 1720 mg Ni/kg dry soil and Welland loam with 37 mg Co and 2570 mg Ni/kg dry soil. All soils were adjusted to pH 6.5 to prevent Ni phytotoxicity. Of the five plant entries tested in the study, the two Alyssum species demonstrated the most promising Co phytoextraction results. In Co-amended Sassafras soil, the maximum concentration accumulated by Alyssum murale was 1320 mg Co/kg dry weight, which was almost 60 times higher than accumulation by crop plant Brassica juncea. At a single harvest after 60 days of growth, A. murale was able to extract more than 3% of Co from Co-amended soil. As expected, both Alyssum species accumulated up to 1% Ni on dry weight basis when grown on Ni-contaminated soils. Nyssa sylvatica showed considerable Co accumulation; foliar Co concentration in the second harvest was as high as 800 mg/kg dry weight. The first few leaves that emerged were chlorotic, both in the Co-amended soil and Ni-contaminated soils, but with growth the signs of toxicity disappeared. In the Co amended soil, Co concentration in Nyssa sylvatica leaves was 30% of that found in shoots of Alyssum species, but an order of magnitude higher than that of Brassica juncea. The leaves accumulated a higher concentration compared with the stems. Both Alyssum species and Nyssa sylvatica offer promise for phytoextraction of Co and Co-60 from contaminated or mineralized soils. C1 [Malik, Minnie; Brewer, Eric P.; Angle, J. Scott] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Res Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Malik, Minnie; Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Li, Yin-Ming] Viridian Environ LLC, Houston, TX 77265 USA. RP Malik, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Res Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM malikm@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Malik, Minnie/0000-0003-1129-6575 FU US-EPA Interagency Agreement on Phytoextraction of Radionuclides FX We gratefully acknowledge advice rendered by Dr. U. Kukier, and assistance by Dr C. E. Green. The Alyssum seeds were provided by Viridian Environmental LLC. Some support for Dr. Malik was provided on US-EPA Interagency Agreement on Phytoextraction of Radionuclides, Pam Russell, Project Officer. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 4 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1080/15226510008500041 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JW UT WOS:000209016100003 ER PT J AU Dixon, DC Meredith, WR Triplett, BA AF Dixon, DC Meredith, WR Triplett, BA TI An assessment of alpha-tubulin isotype modification in developing cotton fiber SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE acetylation; cytoskeleton; microtubules; development; posttranslational modification; tyrosination ID WALL MICROFIBRIL ORIENTATION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; MICROTUBULES; ORGANIZATION AB Multiple isoforms of alpha- and beta-tubulin accumulate in higher plant cells, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber. Isotypes may originate either by transcription of distinct genes or by posttranslational modification of gene products. The existence of two types of posttranslational modification in cotton fiber alpha-tubulin has been examined by immunoblotting cotton fiber proteins from two developmental stages and by probing with specific monoclonal antibodies to acetylated (6-11B-1) or tyrosinated (YL 1/2) alpha-tubulin. Control experiments were conducted with an antibody (YOL 1/34) that recognizes a conserved region in plant and animal alpha-tubulins. No acetylated forms of alpha-tubulin were found in either of two varieties of cotton fiber at 10 or 20 d postanthesis. One isotype of alpha-tubulin, isotype 6, failed to cross-react with YL 1/2 at 10 d postanthesis, which indicated that the protein was detyrosinated, and isotype 8 appeared to be detyrosinated at 20 d postanthesis. Since the carboxyl terminus of higher plant alpha-tubulin is exposed on the surface of microtubules, removal of the carboxyl-terminal amino acid may lead to some of the changes in the structure and organization of microtubules that are associated with fiber development. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 161 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1086/314224 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 290MA UT WOS:000085679000006 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Doner, LW Chau, HK Hoagland, PD AF Fishman, ML Doner, LW Chau, HK Hoagland, PD TI Characterization of hemicellulose B from corn fiber by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with on-line molar mass and viscometric detection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE hemicellulose B; size exclusion chromatography (SEC); multi-angle laser light scattering detector; viscometric detector; molar mass; intrinsic viscosity ID LIGHT-SCATTERING AB Hemicellulose B (arabinoxylan, corn fiber gum, CFG) was prepared from corn fiber (CF) by alkaline extraction with 2 meq/g of CF using either NaOH, Ca(OH)(2) or an equimolar mixture of the two. Prior to CFG extraction, oil was removed from CF by extraction with hexane and starch was removed from CF by treatment with alpha-amylase. The solutions of alkali-extracted CFG were then bleached with alkaline H2O2 The effect of extractant composition on the weight-average molar mass M-w, weight-average intrinsic viscosity [eta](w), and z-average roor-mean-square radius of gyration R-gz on CFG was determined. Depending on extractant composition and method of calculation, M-w, ranged from 2.7-6.96 x 10(5), [eta](w) from 1.87 to 2.00 dL/g and R-gz from about 31 to 50 nm. Substituting Ca(OH)(2) for NaOH reduced M-w and R-gz but had little or no effect on [eta](w). Chromatographic analysis in conjunction with molar mass detection revealed that molar mass distributions were bimodal. M-w for the high-molar-mass component ranged from about 8.4-16.1 x 10(5), whereas [eta](w) ranged from about 1.1-2.1 x 10(5) for the low-molar-mass component. The high-molar-mass component comprised about 15-43% by weight of CFG and was much more compact in shape than the low-molar-mass component. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1023-666X J9 INT J POLYM ANAL CH JI Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 4-6 BP 359 EP 379 DI 10.1080/10236660008034633 PG 21 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 323LR UT WOS:000087567300005 ER PT J AU Herrmann, B Pattersson, B Everett, KDE Mikkelsen, NE Kirsebom, LA AF Herrmann, B Pattersson, B Everett, KDE Mikkelsen, NE Kirsebom, LA TI Characterization of the rnpB gene and RNase P RNA in the order Chlamydiales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNase P RNA; rnpB; phylogeny; Chlamydia; Simkania ID SP STRAIN TWAR; RIBONUCLEASE-P; MICROORGANISM-Z; PSITTACI; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE; CONJUNCTIVITIS; TRACHOMATIS; KINETICS AB The sequence of the RNase P RNA gene (rnpB) was determined for 60 strains representing all nine species in the family Chlamydiaceae and for the related Chlamydiales species, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Simkania negevensis. These sequences were used to infer evolutionary relationships among the Chlamydiaceae. The analysis separated Chlamydophila and Chlamydia into two lineages, with Chlamydophila forming three distinct clusters: the Chlamydophila pneumoniae strains; the Chlamydophila pecorum strains; and a third cluster comprising the species Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila caviae and Chlamydophila felis. The Chlamydia line of descent contained two clusters, with the Chlamydia suis strains distinctly separated from strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum. This analysis indicated that the rnpB sequence and structure are distinctive markers for species in the Chlamydiaceae. It was also demonstrated that the RNase P RNA derived from Chlamydia trachomatis is able to cleave a tRNA precursor in the absence of protein. These findings are discussed in relation to the structure of Chlamydia RNase P RNA. C1 Univ Uppsala Hosp, Sect Virol, Dept Clin Microbiol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Biomed Ctr, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Herrmann, B (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Sect Virol, Dept Clin Microbiol, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 BP 149 EP 158 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 290JR UT WOS:000085673600019 PM 10826799 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM AF Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM TI Phylogenetic analysis of Saccharothrix and related taxa: proposal for Actinosynnemataceae fam. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saccharothrix; actinomycetes; Actinosynnemataceae fam. nov. ID GEN-NOV; NOCARDIOPSIS; SEQUENCES; ACTINOMYCETALES; TREES AB Partial sequences for 16S rDNA were determined for strains of the genus Saccharothrix, including most described species, as well as strains of the described species of the related genera Kutzneria, Actinokineospora and Actinosynnema. These were aligned with published sequences for other species of these genera, as well as those of the genera 'Actinoalloteichus', 'Asiosporangium',,Lentzea, Kutzneria, Streptoalloteichus and representative taxa from other actinomycete families. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data showed that species of the genera Actinokineospora, Actinosynnema, Lentzea and Saccharothrix are members of the same clade, and distinct from the Pseudonocardiaceae. It is proposed that a new family be created within the class Actinobacteria for these genera, to be called the Actinosynnemataceae on the basis of the oldest described genus within this family, Actinosynnema Hasegawa et al. The chemotaxonomic properties of all the genera to be placed within the new family have similar cell wall type (type III), whole-cell sugars (generally galactose although mannose and rhamnose may be present), phospholipid type (PII) and menaquinones [MK-9(H-4) predominant]. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. DSMZ Germany Collect Microorganisms & Cell Cultur, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 BP 331 EP 336 PN 1 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 290JR UT WOS:000085673600040 PM 10826820 ER PT J AU Fonseca, A Fell, JW Kurtzman, CP Spencer-Martins, I AF Fonseca, A Fell, JW Kurtzman, CP Spencer-Martins, I TI Candida tartarivorans sp nov., an anamorphic ascomycetous yeast with the capacity to degrade L(+)- and meso-tartaric acid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yeast; taxonomy; Candida; tartaric acid; rDNA sequencing ID IDENTIFICATION AB An undescribed anamorphic yeast species of ascomycetous affinity, for which the name Candida tartarivorans is proposed, was isolated from dried wine lees in Portugal using a selective medium with L(+)-tartaric acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. The single isolate (IGC 4854(T)) showed the following characteristics: sympodial holoblastic conidiogenesis, absence of asci with ascospores, a negative colour reaction with Diazonium Blue B, production of elaborate pseudomycelium and ability to grow with inositol as sole source of carbon. Analysis of the physiological data pointed to a close relationship with other inositol-assimilating taxa, namely the genera Arxula, Stephanoascus, Sympodiomyces, Zygoascus and selected Candida species. Comparative analysis of the D1/D2 variable domain of the 26S rRNA gene of all available sequences for ascomycetous yeasts showed that strain IGC 4854T did not match with any other species in the database. The closest relative was Candida auringiensis Santa Maria, but the two species differed in 24 nucleotide positions. A description of the new species is given. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Biotechnol Unit, P-2825114 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fonseca, A (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Biotechnol Unit, P-2825114 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. RI Fonseca, Alvaro/C-5544-2011; REQUIMTE, MM/M-6160-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Fonseca, Alvaro/0000-0001-9785-9433; NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 BP 389 EP 394 PN 1 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 290JR UT WOS:000085673600047 PM 10826827 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, CP TI Four new yeasts in the Pichia anomala clade SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pichia; Candida; new yeast species; rDNA; molecular systematics ID 26S RIBOSOMAL-RNAS; GEN-NOV SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; PROPOSAL; 18S; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERGENCE AB Four new yeasts are described that were recognized as novel from nucleotide substitutions in domain D1/D2 of 26S rDNA, a region that is sufficiently divergent to allow resolution of most ascomycetous yeast species. The new species and their type strains are as follows: Pichia maclurae NRRL Y-5377(T) (= CBS 8671(T)); Pichia misumaiensis NRRL Y-17389(T) (= CBS 8062(T)); Candida mycetangii NRRL Y-6843(T) (= CBS 8675(T)); and Candida ulmi NRRL YB-2694(T) (= CBS 8670(T)). The two Pichia species form spherical ascospores and are heterothallic. Phylogenetic analysis of domain D1/D2 sequences placed the four new species in the Pichia anomala clade. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 BP 395 EP 404 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 290JR UT WOS:000085673600048 PM 10826828 ER PT B AU Wang, CY AF Wang, CY BE Florkowski, WJ Prussia, SE Shewfelt, RL TI Changes in oxygen radical absorbance capacity during storage of heat-treated fresh-cut broccoli, kale and peppers SO INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED VIEW OF FRUIT & VEGETABLE QUALITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Multidisciplinary Conference on Integrated View of Fruit and Vegetable Quality CY MAY 01-03, 2000 CL ATHENS, GA ID ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; HOT-WATER; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES; DISEASES; QUALITY; FRUITS AB Changes in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in fresh-cut broccoli, kale, and green peppers during storage at various temperatures were measured. The effect of prestorage heat treatment on ORAC values in these fresh-cut vegetables was also evaluated. Initially, the ORAC values increased with time in storage in all vegetables. The higher the storage temperature, the greater the increase. These increases also seemed to be associated with yellowing (high b* value and low hue angle) in broccoli. Heat treatment delayed the yellowing of broccoli tissues and retarded the increase of ORAC values at the beginning of storage. However, as storage progressed, the ORAC values in nonheated vegetables declined toward the end of storage while those in heated samples remained elevated. These differences were more pronounced in broccoli and kale than in peppers. The absolute ORAC values were also higher in broccoli and kale than in peppers. The changes in ORAC values of broccoli during storage correlated positively with increases in phenolic compounds. The decline in ORAC values in nonheated vegetables at the end of storage was probably associated with the senescence of tissues, and the retention of high ORAC activity in the heated samples was likely related to the maintenance of quality by the heat treatment. C1 USDA, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Bldg 002,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-58716-019-6 PY 2000 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BR38Z UT WOS:000166277400017 ER PT J AU Galili, G Tang, GL Zhu, XH Amir, R Levanony, H Shy, G Herman, EM AF Galili, G Tang, GL Zhu, XH Amir, R Levanony, H Shy, G Herman, EM TI Plant seeds: An exciting model system for dissecting molecular and cellular regulation of metabolic processes SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Meeting for Professor Alexandra Poljakoff-Mayber CY FEB 02, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL ID LYSINE-KETOGLUTARATE REDUCTASE; DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; PROTEIN STORAGE VACUOLES; CASTOR BEAN ENDOSPERM; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SACCHAROPINE DEHYDROGENASE; DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; THREONINE SYNTHESIS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO AB Metabolic processes are regulated by complex networks of interacting mechanisms that utilize various cellular machineries. Such complex networks may be well exemplified by the synthesis, accumulation, and degradation of storage proteins in developing and germinating seeds. Our laboratories are using plant seeds as a model system for studying the regulation of production of the essential amino acid lysine, the control of synthesis of storage proteins and their transport to the storage vacuoles, and the de novo formation of new forms of lytic vacuoles in germinating seeds which fuse with the storage vacuoles to enable degradation of the storage proteins and their mobilization into the germinating embryo. We show that: (i) production of lysine in developing seeds is regulated by complex pathways of synthesis and catabolism that involve the sensing of free lysine levels in the seeds, and (ii) analysis of the deposition of storage proteins in seed storage vacuoles and their subsequent degradation during germination provide novel insights into the biogenesis and function of vacuoles in plants. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Galili, G (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Tang, Guiliang/F-1450-2010; Tang, Guiliang/C-7989-2012 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0792-9978 J9 ISRAEL J PLANT SCI JI Isr. J. Plant Sci. PY 2000 VL 48 IS 3 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1092/EEEP-KB7G-GGQH-5V0R PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 375ER UT WOS:000165387000005 ER PT J AU Taylor, SL King, JW Montanari, L Fantozzi, P Blanco, MA AF Taylor, SL King, JW Montanari, L Fantozzi, P Blanco, MA TI Enrichment and fractionation of phospholipid concentrates by supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography SO ITALIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; chromatography; extraction; phospholipids; soybean; supercritical fluid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOYBEAN PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; CRUDE LECITHIN; ETHANOL; CANOLA; CO2 AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been combined with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in a preparative mode to develop a system for fractionating and enriching high value phospholipids (PLs) contained in soyflakes. Soyflakes were initially extracted with neat carbon dioxide (CO2) at 680 bar and 80 degrees C to remove the available oil. The defatted flakes were then extracted with 15 mol% ethanol-modified CO2 at 655 bar and 80 degrees C to obtain the phospholipids. This phospholipid-enriched extract was then delivered to the head of a chromatographic column containing neutral alumina. The modifier was then changed to ethanol:water (9:1) and SFC was performed at 350 bar and 50 degrees C, collecting fractions at equal volume intervals of CO2. The SFC modifier was added in an increasing step-wise gradient to affect elution of the PLs. The resultant fractions (analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection) showed PL enrichment factors relative to the de-fatted soyflakes from a 2.3 to 19.9 fold increase, depending on the individual PL. C1 ARS, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Biol Difesa & Biotecnol Agroforestal, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Ind Agr, I-06126 Perugia, Italy. Univ Cadiz, Dept Ingn Quim, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain. RP Taylor, SL (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual & Safety Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Unic St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU CHIRIOTTI EDITORI PI PINEROLO PA PO BOX 66, 10064 PINEROLO, ITALY SN 1120-1770 J9 ITAL J FOOD SCI JI Ital. J. Food Sci. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 308LA UT WOS:000086711800006 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET Buhr, KL Gorbet, DW AF Chung, SY Maleki, SJ Champagne, ET Buhr, KL Gorbet, DW TI High-oleic peanuts are not different from normal peanuts in allergenicity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 395 BP S132 EP S132 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90824-8 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100392 ER PT J AU Maleki, S Chung, SY Champagne, E AF Maleki, S Chung, SY Champagne, E TI The effects of structural modifications on the allergenic properties of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 416 BP S138 EP S138 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90845-5 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100413 ER PT J AU King, LM Holsberger, DR Donoghue, AM AF King, LM Holsberger, DR Donoghue, AM TI Correlation of CASA velocity and linearity parameters with sperm mobility phenotype in turkeys SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE motility; computer; spermatozoa ID SEMEN DONOR SELECTION; IN-VITRO; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; PREDICTIVE VALUE; MOTILITY; FERTILITY; STORAGE; SPERMATOZOA; INSEMINATION AB Since all domestic turkeys are produced through artificial insemination, a measurable sperm characteristic that would be predictive of fertility would allow for the culling of poor males, resulting in improved reproductive efficiency. The sperm mobility test (SMT), which quantifies sperm penetration into an Accudenz solution, has been shown to correlate highly with fertilization potential of individual turkeys. Since this sire-selection test is based on the differences in sperm mobility between whole ejaculates from individual males, the objective of this study was to determine whether specific sperm velocity parameters would correlate with the SMT and to determine whether these characteristics could account for phenotypic differences in sperm mobility observed between males. The SMT was used to rank males within a flock (n = 110) in triplicate and to classify them into high, average, and low sperm mobility phenotypes on the basis of the sperm mobility index. Several sperm velocity parameters were evaluated for each male by a computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system, the Hobson Sperm Tracker. The types of measurements taken of 200 sperm tracks/ejaculate included the following: curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), beat-cross frequency (BCF), and mean angular displacement (MAD). Significant positive correlations were found between VSL, LIN, BCF, and sperm mobility, and a significant negative correlation was seen between MAD and sperm mobility. Subpopulations of sperm that had penetrated the Accudenz solution were isolated from each mobility phenotype and were analyzed by CASA, and significant correlations were again observed between VSL, LIN, BCF, and sperm mobility. We conclude that sperm velocity and linearity contribute to overall sperm mobility phenotype and are important characteristics of turkey sperm function. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP King, LM (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Bldg 200,Room 112, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 279FN UT WOS:000085033900008 PM 10670521 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL Roberts, AJ AF Jenkins, TG Ferrell, CL Roberts, AJ TI Lactation and calf weight traits of mature crossbred cows fed varying daily levels of metabolizable energy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk production; feed intake; efficiency; beef production ID BEEF-COWS; NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; FETAL INFLUENCES; BOS-TAURUS; 9 BREEDS; CATTLE; GROWTH; MILK AB Our objective was to evaluate differences in lactation traits and calf weights produced by Fl cows under varying daily metabolizable energy availability. Measures of milk yields and calf weight traits were recorded on mature F-1 cows. The cows were produced from matings of Angus or Hereford dams with sires representing Angus/Hereford, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, and Salers breeds. The cows' daily DM intakes of a diet composed of a corn silage or alfalfa silage plus corn silage were recorded from approximately 2 wk postpartum until the calves were weaned at an average age of 170 d. Milk yield measurements were recorded when the calves were approximately 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, and 168 d of age. Sources of variation considered for the traits of interest included sire breed of the cow (SBC) and the covariates weaning age of the calf and daily metabolizable energy intake (DMEI) of the cow for lactation and calf weights. The linear and quadratic effects were evaluated for DMEI. The SEC x DMEI (linear) interaction was significant for total milk yield. Sire breed of cow differences (P < .05) were observed for milk yield at time of peak yield, persistency, preweaning ADG, and weaning weight. Salers- and Shorthorn-sired cows had greater (P < .05) peak yield than Galloway, Longhorn, or Nellore crossbred cows but were not significantly different from the Hereford/Angus. Increasing DMEI linearly increased peak yield and total yield (P < .05). Preweaning ADG of calves from Nellore-sired cows was greater (P < .05) than all SEC. Preweaning ADG of calves from Galloway-sired cows was less than all SEC (P < .05). The linear effect of DMEI was heterogeneous across SEC for total yield. The pooled quadratic effect of DMEI was significant for all traits except birth weight. The DMEI for expression of maximum weaning weight was estimated to be 29 Mcal. Feed efficiency ratios for the test period were 28, 27, 30, 25, 28, 32, and 30 g calf weight:Mcal DMEI for reference and 1980s Angus/Hereford-, Shorthorn-, Galloway-, Longhorn-, Nellore-, and Salers-sired cows, respectively, at the DMEI level of 29 Meal. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZT UT WOS:000088217400002 PM 10682796 ER PT J AU Hohenshell, LM Cunnick, JE Ford, SP Kattesh, HG Zimmerman, DR Wilson, ME Matteri, RL Carroll, JA Lay, DC AF Hohenshell, LM Cunnick, JE Ford, SP Kattesh, HG Zimmerman, DR Wilson, ME Matteri, RL Carroll, JA Lay, DC TI Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; weaning; stress; behavior; physiology; animal welfare ID GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; SOMATOTROPH FUNCTION; DOMESTIC PIGS; STRESS; PIGLETS; GROWTH; AGE; HIPPOCAMPAL; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Segregation and medicated early weaning are technologies used to optimize the productivity and health of pigs, but these practices may also cause aberrant behaviors indicative of stress. Thus, differences in early- (approximate to 10 d of age) and late- (approximate to 30 d of age) weaned pigs were investigated. At weaning, pigs were housed in groups of four in 16 pens (eight pens per treatment) in the same facility, and, thus, they were not segregated. Body weights were recorded at birth, weaning, and at approximately 42, 65, 102, 137, and 165 d of age (at slaughter). One-minute, instantaneous scan samples during a 10-min period (at 0600, 1000, 1400, and 1800) were used to record the frequency of lying, standing, and sitting, total number of drinks, feeder investigations, and time spent playing/fighting on 2, 3, and 4 d after weaning. Five-minute, direct observations of each pig were conducted at approximately 40, 60, 80, and 150 d of age. Direct observations were also made of the entire pen for 10 min at approximately 50, 95, 123, and 160 d of age to record aberrant behaviors. At 62 d of age, a handling and blood collection stress was imposed. At 165 d of age, a second stress test was conducted in response to rough handling and transport. Early-weaned pigs spent more time playing/fighting (P < .006) than late-weaned pigs during the 4 d after weaning, manipulated conspecifics more often at 40 d of age (P < .002), had greater percentage of hemoglobin (P < .03) during Stress Test 1, had greater ADG at 42 d of age (P < .03), and had greater hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor mRNA at slaughter (P < .06). Late-weaned pigs had greater ADG between 137 and 165 d of age (P < .03) and greater pro-opiomelanocortin at slaughter (P < .04). Overall, most differences found between early-weaned and late-weaned pigs were evident soon after weaning, but they disappeared before slaughter. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Preventat Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lay, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, 2356D Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZT UT WOS:000088217400007 PM 10682801 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, CL Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Jahoor, F Freetly, HC Wheeler, TL Savell, JW Fiorotto, ML AF Lorenzen, CL Koohmaraie, M Shackelford, SD Jahoor, F Freetly, HC Wheeler, TL Savell, JW Fiorotto, ML TI Protein kinetics in callipyge lambs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpastatin; fiber; sheep; protein synthesis; protein degradation ID PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; MUSCLE GROWTH; BETA-AGONIST; OVINE; GENE; CLENBUTEROL; STIMULATION; LOCUS AB The objectives for this experiment were to determine the effect of the callipyge phenotype on protein kinetics. We studied callipyge and normal lambs (n = 37) at 5, 8, and 11 wk of age (n = 4 to 7/group) to determine how protein kinetics are altered by this trait. Total protein, DNA, and RNA and calpastatin activity were measured in five skeletal muscles and in the heart, kidneys, and liver, and protein accretion rates were calculated. At 8 wk, the fractional synthesis rates of proteins in these tissues were measured in vivo using a primed, continuous 8-h infusion of [H-2(5)]-phenylalanine. Fractional rates of protein degradation were estimated by differences. At 5 wk of age, muscle weights, protein mass, protein:DNA, RNA:DNA, and calpastatin activity were higher (P < .05) for callipyge, and protein mass differences continued to increase through 11 wk. At 8 wk, fractional rates of protein synthesis and degradation were lower (P < .05) in callipyge than in normal lambs. The organs of callipyge lambs exhibited reduced growth at 11 wk. Thus, enhanced muscle growth seems to be maintained in callipyge lambs by reduced protein degradation rather than increased protein synthesis. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the initial onset of the callipyge condition may be caused by an increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZT UT WOS:000088217400011 PM 10682805 ER PT J AU Cole, NA AF Cole, NA TI Changes in postprandial plasma and extracellular and ruminal fluid volumes in wethers fed or unfed for 72 hours SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body water; sheep; deprivation; stress ID FEED-INTAKE; WATER-DEPRIVATION; ELECTROLYTE SUPPLEMENTATION; BODY-FLUIDS; BEEF STEERS; TRANSPORT; CALVES; RUMEN; LAMBS; BULLS AB Postprandial shifts in body water compartments might limit feed intake by ruminants, especially when an animal becomes partially dehydrated during transportation or other periods of water deprivation. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feed and water deprivation on postprandial changes in body water compartments in wethers. Hampshire wethers (n = 8; average BW 42 +/- 2 kg) were used in a crossover design. During each period, four wethers were limit-fed (540 g DM/d: FED) and four were deprived of feed and water for 72 h (DEPRTVED). Wethers were infused i.v. with Evans blue and sodium thiosulfate and intraruminally with Cr- or Co-EDTA, after which blood and ruminal samples were collected for the next 4 h. All wethers were then fed 540 g of feed DM, and infusions were repeated 30 min after feeding. Body water compartment volumes were determined with linear regression using plasma concentrations of Evans blue (plasma volume), and sodium thiosulfate (extracellular volume), and using ruminal fluid concentrations of Cr or Co. Feed and water deprivation decreased (P < .01) extracellular water space but did not affect plasma or ruminal water space. After feeding, extracelluar water space decreased (P < .01) and ruminal volume increased (P < .05) in the FED and DEPRIVED wethers. Plasma pools of Na, K, and Mg were not affected by feeding in FED wethers but decreased (P <.05) in DEPRIVED wethers. The increase in ruminal fluid pools of Na, K, and Mg were greater (P <.05) in FED than in DEPRIVED wethers. These results indicate that abnormal water and electrolyte shifts may be factors partially responsible for the decreased feed intake by ruminants subjected to transportation or feed and water deprivation stress. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Cole, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 216 EP 223 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZT UT WOS:000088217400030 PM 10682824 ER PT J AU Ali, MS Sun, T McLeroy, GE Phillippo, ET AF Ali, MS Sun, T McLeroy, GE Phillippo, ET TI Simultaneous determination of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver by LC with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MARKER RESIDUE; MUSCLE-TISSUE; CATTLE; CONFIRMATION AB Eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin are drugs used to control parasitic infections in both meat-producing and nonmeat-producing animals, A number of analytical methods are available to analyze these anthelmintic drugs individually. A multiresidue screening method was developed for these drugs; however, the initial attempt to derivatize eprinomectin following the method published by Merck scientists was unsuccessful because the eprinomectin derivatization reaction was temperature- and time-dependent. The optimum time and temperature for the completion of eprinomectin derivatization were 90 min and 65 degrees C, respectively, without appreciable effect on the remaining 4 drugs. Beef liver samples were fortified with 0, 25, 50, and 100 ppb mixed standards of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin, Each set of 4 levels of recoveries was repeated 10 times with all 5 compounds, The average of 10 recoveries of 5 compounds at all 4 levels of fortification was > 70%; the coefficient of variation was < 20%. C1 Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ali, MS (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, POB 6085, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 280MG UT WOS:000085106100006 PM 10693002 ER PT J AU Ali, MS Sun, T McLeroy, GE Phillippo, ET AF Ali, MS Sun, T McLeroy, GE Phillippo, ET TI Confirmation of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver by liquid chromatography/positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) multiresidue screening procedure was developed for determination of eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin in beef liver at 0, 25, 50, and 100 ppb levels. A procedure using low resolution LC/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed with further purification steps added to the quantitative LC method to confirm residues. Acetonitrile extracts of liver, prior to derivatization for LC analysis, were further purified by using a Cg solid-phase extraction cartridge and an alumina-B cartridge, The purified extract was analyzed by injection into an LC/positive ion APCI MS. Identity of the compound was confirmed by comparison of its retention time and relative intensity data with those of a standard or recovery from a fortified control liver sample, Anthelmintic drugs in acetonitrile extracts of liver containing eprinomectin, moxidectin, abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin at 25 ppb, the lowest level of fortification used in the LC determinative method, were successfully confirmed. C1 Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Atlanta, GA 30604 USA. RP Ali, MS (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, POB 6085, Atlanta, GA 30604 USA. NR 7 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 280MG UT WOS:000085106100007 PM 10693003 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Watkins, JC AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Watkins, JC TI The foraging activity of honey bees Apis mellifera and non-Apis bees on hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) and its influence on cross-pollination and seed set SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bees; non-Apis bees; Helianthus annuus; hybrid sunflower; foraging; cross-pollination; seed set ID MALE-STERILE; MEGACHILIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; ABUNDANCE; CULTIVARS; NECTAR AB The repercussions of concurrent foraging by honey bee (Apis mellifera) and non-Apis bee populations on cross-pollination and seed set in hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) was investigated. The amount of sunflower pollen on the bodies of honey bees foraging in rows of male-sterile (MS) sunflowers was positively correlated with the size of the non-Apis bee population. The combined population of non-Apis bees and honey bees foraging on male-fertile (MF) and MS sunflowers also was positively correlated to seed set in MS rows. There were more honey bees than non-Apis bees foraging in MF and MS rows, but there was no evidence of competition for resources between the two populations. The size of the honey bee population was positively correlated to the area of open flowers on sunflower capitula, while the non-Apis population remained relatively constant throughout bloom. Results from this study indicate that a combined honey bee and non-Apis bee population might result in better pollination of hybrid sunflowers than either population alone. C1 ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, SW Reg Inst Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359YR UT WOS:000089640100005 ER PT J AU Hung, ACF AF Hung, ACF TI PCR detection of Kashmir bee virus in honey bee excreta SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kashmir bee virus; Apis mellifera; detection; direct reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; faeces; excretion; transmission ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; VARROA-JACOBSONI; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; COLONIES AB Using direct RT-PCR, Kashmir bee virus (KBV) was detected in the faecal material of worker and queen honey bees (Apis mellifera). This occurrence implies that KBV could be transmitted horizontally in bee colonies without involving the suspected mite vector, Varroa jacobsoni. The molecular techniques described in this study can be used to certify KBV-free queens sold to beekeepers. C1 USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hung, ACF (reprint author), USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 399LX UT WOS:000166815300002 ER PT J AU Peng, CYS Trinh, S Lopez, JE Mussen, EC Hung, A Chuang, R AF Peng, CYS Trinh, S Lopez, JE Mussen, EC Hung, A Chuang, R TI The effects of azadirachtin on the parasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni and its host honey bee (Apis mellifera) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; Azadirachta indica; neem; acaricides; triterpenoids; laboratory tests; toxicity ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; INDICA OIL; NEEM TREE; COLONIES; HYMENOPTERA; INSECTICIDE; EXTRACT; THYMOL; APIDAE AB We conducted a series of experiments under laboratory conditions to evaluate the feasibility of using a neem-based (Azadirachta indica) insecticide to control varroa (Varroa jacobsoni). The experiments included studies of anti-feeding effects of azadirachtin, the active ingredient of neem-based insecticides, on adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera); toxicity of azadirachtin to adult workers, worker larvae and associated mites; and the effects of azadirachtin on female V. jacobsoni reproduction. Both commercially formulated and purified azadirachtin were used in the experiments. The results of adult feeding experiments showed that azadirachtin significantly reduced syrup consumption by worker bees (P < 0.05) and exhibited a dose response in mortality: with an oral LC50 of 10.87 g/ml in mite-free bees, 13.69 mug/ml in mite-infested bees, and 41.87 mug/ml for associated mites. The topical LC50 of azadirachtin was 12.53 mug/ml in mite-free bees, 12.31 mug/ml in mite-infested bees, and 35.43 mug/ml in the associated mites. The results of larval feeding experiments showed that worker larvae were more sensitive to azadirachtin than adult worker bees: exhibiting an LC50 of 180.92 ng/ml to purified azadirachtin and 100.13 ng/ml to formulated azadirachtin. More than 90% of treated, normal-appearing, white prepupae and pupae showed precocious and abnormal pigmentation on their mouthparts and other appendages. LC50's of topical applications of formulated azadirachtin were 104.91, 99.12 and 171.37 ng/ml for mite-free worker larvae, mite-inoculated larvae and associated mites, respectively. In addition, feeding host larvae with azadirachtin significantly reduced the fecundity of mother mites (P < 0.001) as well as egg hatching rate (P < 0.001). However, more research is needed to evaluate the reproductive effects of azadirachtin on drones, queens, and varroa under hive conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Peng, CYS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 168 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 399LX UT WOS:000166815300010 ER PT J AU Harbo, JR AF Harbo, JR TI Heating adult honey bees to remove Varroa jacobsoni SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa jacobsoni; heat; temperature C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harbo, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 399LX UT WOS:000166815300014 ER PT J AU Zeller, K AF Zeller, K TI Wintertime ozone fluxes and profiles above a subalpine spruce-fir forest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION; EDDY-CORRELATION; PINE FOREST; MODEL; SITE; CO2; N2O; CH4; O-3 AB High rural concentrations of ozone (O-3) are thought to he stratospheric in origin, advected from upwind urban sources, or photochemically generated locally by natural trace gas emissions. Ozone is known to be transported vertically downward from the above-canopy atmospheric surface laver and destroyed within stomata or on other biological and mineral surfaces. However, here the authors report midwinter eddy correlation measurements of upward vertical O-3 flux of 0.2 mu g m(-2) s(-1) (5.6 kg km(-2) day(-1)) above a subalpine canopy of Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa in the Snowy Range Mountains of Wyoming. Simultaneous below-canopy upward fluxes reached 0.1 mu g m(-2) s(-1). These results corroborate similar late winter (presnowmelt) upward O-3 fluxes of 0.5 mu g m(-2) s(-1) (19 kg km(-2) day(-1)) taken at the same site in 1992. Profile results show sustained "countergradient" fluxes below the canopy and sustained "with gradient" fluxes above the canopy. Ozone concentrations that decrease for several hours to several days correspond to simultaneously increasing positive (upward) O-3 fluxes and vice versa. These phenomena. in addition to above- and below-canopy reversed gradient patterns, suggest that O-3 may be stored temporarily in either the snow base or the tree stand itself. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0092:WOFAPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280VR UT WOS:000085124900007 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GC AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GC TI Interactions between American pondweed and monoecious hydrilla grown in mixtures SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive aquatic weed; competition; underwater irradiance; Potamogeton nodosus; Hydrilla verticillata ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; DENSITY; PROPAGULES; FERTILITY; PLANTS AB To assess the potential for monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) to invade existing aquatic plant communities, monoecious hydrilla was grown in mixtures with American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poiret). When grown with hydrilla from axillary turions, American pondweed was a stronger competitor. When grown with hydrilla from tubers, American pondweed was equally as strong a competitor as hydrilla. In these eight-week long greenhouse and outdoor experiments, American pondweed grew taller than hydrilla, produced floating leaves, and produced more vegetative propagules. Results of an additional outdoor experiment indicated that hydrilla plants from axillary turions grew and successfully produced new tubers in an existing American pondweed bed. Hydrilla produced twice as many tubers as American pondweed produced winter buds in this experiment. These results are based on hydrilla plants grown from smaller or larger than average size tubers and turions, and American pondweed grown from smaller than average or average size winter buds. The results indicate the strong competitive ability of hydrilla since hydrilla from small propagules coexisted with American pondweed from larger propagules. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Weed Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Weed Sci Program, Robbins Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300001 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Van, TK AF Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Van, TK TI Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; Hydrilla verticillata; monoecious; dioecious; spread; dispersal ID POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; VERTICILLATA; HYDROCHARITACEAE; BIOTYPES AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), an invasive aquatic weed, continues to spread to new regions in the Unit ed States. Two biotypes, one a female dioecious ana me other monoecious have been identified. Management of the spread of hydrilla requires understanding the mechanisms of introduction and transport, an ability to map and make available information on distribution, and tools to distinguish the known U.S. biotypes as well as potential new introductions. Review of the literature and discussions with aquatic scientists and resource managers point to the aquarium and water garden plant trades as the primary past mechanism for the regional dispersal of hydrilla while local dispersal is primarily carried out by other mechanisms such as boat traffic, intentional introductions, and waterfowl. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is presented as a tool for assembling, gee-referencing, and making available information on the distribution of hydrilla. A map of the current range of dioecious and monoecious hydrilla by drainage is presented. Four hydrilla samples, taken from three discrete, non-contiguous regions (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Washington State) were examined using two RAPD assays. The first, generated using primer Operon G17, and capable of distinguishing the dioecious and monoecious U.S biotypes, indicated all four samples were of the monoecious biotype. Results of the second assay using the Stoffel fragment and 5 primers, produced 111 markers, indicated that these samples do not represent new foreign introductions. The differences in the monoecious and dioecious growth habits and management are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300005 ER PT J AU Van, TK Rayachhetry, MB Center, TD AF Van, TK Rayachhetry, MB Center, TD TI Estimating above-ground biomass of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological control; biomass equation; paper-bark; standing crop; weed; wetland ID EQUATIONS AB One hundred and thirty-eight Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (broad-leaved paperbark) trees were harvested from six sites in South Florida to formulate regression equations for estimating tree above-ground dry weight. Sample trees were felled, cut, weighed, and sub-samples dried to a constant weight. Diameters of trees ranged from 0.5 to 38.6 cm, total heights from 1.3 to 25.4 m, and dry weights from 0.2 to 309.4 kg. A number of site-specific biomass equations were developed from these parameters and tested statistically. Non-linear models based on stem diameter (diameter inside bark, DIB, cm) alone explained more than 97% of the biomass (W, kg) variance, with best results obtained after two-sided logarithmic transformations. Strong site-independent correlations were observed, and a single predictive equation: Log(c)(W) = -1.06 + 1.99*Log(c)(DIB) (R-2 = 0.973) was statistically valid for a wide range of conditions. This equation was based on inside-bark diameter to account for differences in bark thickness which varies widely among different sites. Standing biomass of M. guinquenervia was estimated to vary from 129 to 263 dry mt/ha at six sites in South Florida; however, no trend seems evident among the sites in dry, seasonally wet, and permanently wet habitats. The equation described is useful in field evaluation of impacts of biological control agents, by allowing estimation of plant biomass from DIB measurements in permanent study sites where destructive sampling is not possible. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300009 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Murray, LW AF Fredrickson, EL Estell, RE Havstad, KM Shupe, WL Murray, LW TI The effect of feeding ewe lambs a 15% tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) pellet pre- and post-weaning on the subsequent diet selection of tarbush SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE arid land remediation; learning; diet selection; sheep; biological control ID SECONDARY CHEMISTRY; LEAF SURFACE; PREFERENCE; LIVESTOCK; INGESTION; ATTENUATE; PASTURE; SHEEP AB The shrub Flourensia cernua (tarbush) has rapidly increased in dominance within Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, and is comparable to alfalfa in nutrient content. Increasing tarbush in livestock diets may improve diet quality, but reduces tarbush dominance. We examined dietary selection for tarbush by sheep, and the effect of previous exposure on selection. Thirty-eight ewe lambs received either tarbush or alfalfa in a sorghum-based pellet 120 days postparturition, after which dietary selection was assessed. Previous exposure to tarbush deterred lambs from tarbush consumption. Lambs without previous exposure maintained greater intakes initially, but this declined with time, which corresponds with the onset of tarbush toxicosis. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3 JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1006/jare.1999.0571 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285RM UT WOS:000085401900008 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ AF Dowd, MK French, AD Reilly, PJ TI MM3 modeling of ribose and 2-deoxyribose ring puckering SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-COUPLING-CONSTANTS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; FORCE-FIELD; SUBSTITUENT ELECTRONEGATIVITIES; PSEUDOROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM; KARPLUS EQUATION; FURANOSE RING; SUGAR RING AB Conformational energy maps for furanosyl and pyranosyl rings of alpha- and beta -ribose and 2-deoxyribose were generated with the molecular mechanics program MM3. For the furanosyl tautomers, low-energy Northern and Southern minima were found. For the pyranosyl rings, lowest-energy minima corresponded to chair forms, Hydrogen-hydrogen coupling constants for the minimal-energy conformers were calculated based on Karplus equations. Computational and experimental results indicate that several tautomeric forms of ribose and 2-deoxyribose exist in multiple conformations in solution. Ring conformations of related crystal structures have energies within similar to2 kcal/mol of the calculated global minima. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1091 EP 1114 DI 10.1080/07328300008544137 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 385VY UT WOS:000166026900001 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Vercellotti, JR AF Eggleston, G Vercellotti, JR TI Degradation of sucrose, glucose and fructose in concentrated aqueous solutions under constant pH conditions at elevated temperature SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION AB The degradation of sucrose can decrease sucrose yield, reduce the efficiency of sugar factory and refinery processes, and affect end product quality. Characterization of sucrose degradation under modeled industrial processing conditions will underpin further technological improvements. Effects of constant reaction pH on sucrose degradation were investigated using simulated industrial model systems (100 degreesC; 65 degrees Brix [% dissolved solids]; N-2; 0.05-3 mol NaOH titrant; 8 h), with the use of an autotitrator. Reaction pH values ranged from 4.40 to 10.45. Polarimetry and ion chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IC-IPAD) were used to quantify sucrose degradation and first-order reaction constants were calculated. Minimum sucrose degradation occurred between pH 6.45 - 8.50, with minimum color formation between pH's 4.40 - 7.00. Polarimetry, often used in U.S. sugar factories and refineries to monitor chemical sucrose losses, was shown not to be viable to measure sucrose degradation under alkaline conditions, because of the formation of fructose degradation products with an overall positive optical rotation. For comparison, fructose and glucose (80 degreesC; 65 degrees Brix; N-2; 3 mol NaOH; 2 h) were also degraded at constant pH 8.3 conditions. For sucrose, fructose, and glucose, formation of organic acids on degradation was concomitant with color formation, indicating they are probably produced from similar reaction pathways. For the glucose and fructose degradation reactions, color and organic acid formation also were highly correlated (R-2>0.966) with changes in optical rotation values, confirming that these compounds are formed from similar reaction pathways. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 26 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1318 DI 10.1080/07328300008544153 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 385VY UT WOS:000166026900017 ER PT J AU Mikola, M Jones, BL AF Mikola, M Jones, BL TI Electrophoretic and 'in solution' analyses of endoproteinases extracted from germinated oats SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cereal; protein hydrolysis; Avena sativa; malt ID GREEN MALT; CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; BARLEY; PROTEINASE; PURIFICATION AB During the malting of oats, the insoluble seed storage proteins are hydrolysed by endoproteinases. These germinated oat seed endoproteinases are to be characterised. A qualitative 2-D (IEF x PAGE) method using the gel-incorporated substrate gelatin was used to study the heterogeneity of the enzymes and a quantitative 'in solution' assay employing azogelatin was utilised to measure the different proteinase classes present. Proteinase development during malting was monitored at pH 3.8, 6.2 (the pH of the germinated oat endosperm) and 8.0. The numbers and intensities of the proteolylic activities increased during the first three days of germination, but not after that. Electrophoretic studies using class specific endoproteinase inhibitors indicated that the predominant enzymes were serine and metalloproteinases. No aspartic or cysteine proteinases were detected. The 'in solution' analyses gave somewhat different results from those obtained with the 2-D method. The concomitant addition of 10 mM calcium and 8 mM cysteine raised the measured activity by 2.5 fold and, in the presence of these activators, a third of the 'in solution' activity was due to cysteine proteinases, the serine and metalloproteinases each contributed 15% of the activity and the other third of the activity was impervious to all of the inhibitors. These different 2-D and 'in solution' results may simply reflect the fact that the enzymes hydrolyse the substrate differently, depending on whether it is dissolved ('in solution') or in a bound (2-D analysis) form. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI USA. RP Mikola, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1999.0271 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 278YR UT WOS:000085017000002 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Rufty, TW Heagle, AS Severson, RF Eckel, RVW AF Jackson, DM Rufty, TW Heagle, AS Severson, RF Eckel, RVW TI Survival and development of tobacco hornworm larvae on tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecta; tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; tobacco; Nicotiana tabacum; ozone; weather fleck; Lepidoptera; Sphingidae ID BEETLE EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; FEEDING PREFERENCE; LEAVES; YIELD; LEAF; LEPIDOPTERA; RESPONSES; SUCROSE AB Tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum were grown under different levels of ozone (O-3) in open-top chambers. Ozone concentrations were established by charcoal filtration, which reduced O-3 to approximately one-half ambient, or by the addition of O-3 to unfiltered air to increase concentrations to approximately 1.4 or 1.7 times ambient O-3. Survival of tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, larvae was increased when second instars were fed tobacco leaves grown in chambers with elevated levels of O-3. Second instars also gained significantly more weight when they were fed for one week on plants exposed to elevated levels of O-3 than when they were fed plants grown in charcoal-filtered air. Ozone-treated tobacco plants had higher levels of total nitrogen (primarily reduced nitrogen) and soluble carbohydrates (sugars), and lower levels of leaf-surface components, starch, nicotine, and rutin. Increased survival and growth response of hornworm larvae to elevated O-3 levels in these experiments suggests that similar responses could occur in the southeastern US tobacco production areas where O-3 levels can be high enough to injure tobacco plants. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Air Qual Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Phytochem Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RVWE Consulting, Frenchtown, NJ 08825 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1005440025509 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284LP UT WOS:000085334100001 ER PT J AU Turlings, TCJ Alborn, HT Loughrin, JH Tumlinson, JH AF Turlings, TCJ Alborn, HT Loughrin, JH Tumlinson, JH TI Volicitin, an elicitor of maize volatiles in oral secretion of Spodoptera exigua: Isolation and bioactivity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volicitin; induced plant volatiles; elicitor; parasitoid attractants; Zea mays; Spodoptera exigua; Microplitis croceipes ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; PARASITIC WASPS; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; CHEMICAL SIGNALS; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; HOST-LOCATION; PLANTS; LEPIDOPTERA AB Plants respond to insect-inflicted injury by systemically releasing relatively large amounts of several volatile compounds, mostly terpenoids and indole. As a result, the plants become highly attractive to natural enemies of the herbivorous insects. In maize, this systemic response can be induced by the uptake via the stem of an elicitor present in the oral secretions of caterpillars. Such an elicitor was isolated from the regurgitant of Spodoptera exigua larvae, identified as N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine, and named volicitin. Here we present details on the procedure that was used to isolate volicitin and the biosasays that demonstrate its potency as an elicitor of maize volatiles that attract parasitoids. With a series of liquid chromatography purification steps, volicitin was separated from all other inactive substances in the regurgitant of larvae of the noctuid moth S. exigua. Maize seedlings that were incubated in very low concentrations of pure natural volicitin released relatively large amounts of terpenoids and became highly attractive to the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes. The identification of this and other insect-derived elicitors should allow us to determine their precise source and function, and better understand the evolutionary history of the phenomenon of herbivore-induced volatile emissions in plants. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 24 TC 94 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1023/A:1005449730052 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284LP UT WOS:000085334100011 ER PT J AU Alborn, HT Jones, TH Stenhagen, GS Tumlinson, JH AF Alborn, HT Jones, TH Stenhagen, GS Tumlinson, JH TI Identification and synthesis of volicitin and related components from beet armyworm oral secretions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua Hubner; Zea mays L.; elicitors; isolation; identification; synthesis; volicitin; 17-hydroxylinolenic acid; 17-hydroxylinoleic acid; linolenic acid; linoleic acid; glutamine conjugates ID SYSTEMIC INDUCTION; JASMONIC ACID; MACROLIDE PHEROMONES; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; CHEMICAL SIGNALS; PLANT VOLATILES; PARASITIC WASPS; SEX-PHEROMONE; GRAIN BEETLES; COTTON AB Oral secretion of beet armyworm caterpillars (BAW), when applied to damaged tissues of corn seedlings, induces the seedlings to emit volatile compounds that attract the natural enemies of the caterpillars. The key elicitor present in BAW oral secretions is N-[17-hydroxylinolenoyl]-L-glutamine (volicitin). Analysis of the oral secretion showed that it also contained N-[17-hydroxyolinoleoyl]-L-glutamine, free 17-hydroxylinolenic, and 17-hydroxylinoleic acid, the glutamine conjugates of linolenic and linoleic acid as well as free linolenic and linoleic acid. Here we present the identification and synthesis of the hydroxy acids and of glutamine conjugates. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Organ Chem, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 38 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1023/A:1005401814122 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284LP UT WOS:000085334100012 ER PT J AU Romagni, JG Allen, SN Dayan, FE AF Romagni, JG Allen, SN Dayan, FE TI Allelopathic effects of volatile cineoles on two weedy plant species SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eucalyptol; essential oils; cineole; monoterpenes; chlorophyll fluorescence; Echinochloa crusgalli; Cassia obtusifolia; natural products; modeling ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MONOTERPENES AB The volatile monoterpene analogs, 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole, have been identified as components of many plant essential oils, but relatively little is known about their biological activities. We compared the effects of 1,4- and 1,8-cineole on two weedy plant species by monitoring germination, mitosis, root and shoot growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency. 1,4-Cineole severely inhibited growth of roots and shoots, causing cork-screw shaped morphological distortion, whereas 1,8-cineole caused a decrease in root growth and germination rates. Chlorophyll fluorescence data (yield and F-v/F-m) indicated that 1,4-cineole caused significantly higher stress (P less than or equal to 0.001) to photosynthesis when compared to controls. Mitotic index data showed that 1,8-cineole severely decreased (P less than or equal to 0.001) all stages of mitosis when compared with controls, while 1,4-cineole only caused a decrease in the prophase stage (P less than or equal to 0.05). Although superficially similar in structure, these two cineoles appear to have different modes of action. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Romagni, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 21 TC 150 Z9 166 U1 5 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1023/A:1005414216848 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284LP UT WOS:000085334100018 ER PT J AU Grant, RJ Whitehead, TR Orr, JE AF Grant, RJ Whitehead, TR Orr, JE TI Streptococcus bovis meningitis in an infant SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; IDENTIFICATION; VIRIDANS AB Streptococcus bovis is a nonenterococcal, group D streptococcus which has been identified as a causative agent far serious human infections, including endocarditis, bacteremia, and septic arthritis. Several cases of adult S. bovis meningitis have been reported, usually in association with underlying disease. In the neonatal period, it is an uncommon agent of meningitis. We report, to our knowledge, the third documented case of neonatal S. bar is meningitis in the English language literature. As in the previous cases, this neonate showed no anatomical or congenital immunologic lesion which might be expected to predispose the patient to meningitis. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene was performed and a new PCR test was used to secure a more reliable identification of the strain. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. AO Fox Mem Hosp, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 273CN UT WOS:000084689800093 PM 10618145 ER PT J AU Mikaelian, I Boisclair, J Dubey, JP Kennedy, S Martineau, D AF Mikaelian, I Boisclair, J Dubey, JP Kennedy, S Martineau, D TI Toxoplasmosis in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St Lawrence Estuary: Two case reports and a serological survey SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; MARINE MAMMALS; GONDII; SPECIFICITY; INFECTION; RESPONSES; TOXICITY; DOLPHIN AB Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in two free-ranging beluga whales from the St Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada; in 1988 and 1998. Histologically, tachyzoites and bradyzoites were present in the bi ain, spleen? lymph nodes, adrenals and lungs of both animals, and in the thymus of one. These organisms were readily labelled by an indirect immunohistochemical method for Toxoplasma gondii antigens. In the lymph nodes, spleen and lungs the organisms were associated with histiocytic infiltration. In the brain of one animal the) were associated with mild multifocal gliosis and haemorrhages. There was no evidence of concomitant morbillivirus infection. Serum samples were collected from 22 beluga whales stranded between 1995 and 1998 on the shores of the St Lawrence Estuary and examined for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test. Antibody titres of greater than or equal to 25 were found in six (27%) of of the animals. This is the first confirmed report of toxoplasmosis in beluga whales. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. C1 Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Ctr Quebecois Sante Anim Sauvages, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dept Agr No Ireland, Vet Sci Div, Belfast BT4 3SD, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Mikaelian, I (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 3200 Sicotte,CP 5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0341 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 274RG UT WOS:000084778400008 PM 10627393 ER PT J AU Preisler, MT Weber, PSD Tempelman, RJ Erskine, RJ Hunt, H Burton, JL AF Preisler, MT Weber, PSD Tempelman, RJ Erskine, RJ Hunt, H Burton, JL TI Glucocorticoid receptor expression profiles in mononuclear leukocytes of periparturient Holstein cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glucocorticoid receptor; leukocytes; periparturition; cattle ID DOWN-REGULATION; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; ADHESION MOLECULES; DAIRY-COW; DEXAMETHASONE; PERIOD; MILK; LYMPHOCYTES; BLOOD; POPULATIONS AB Cortisol-activated glucocorticoid receptors modulate cellular responses to stress by translocating from the cytosol to the nucleus and enhancing or repressing the transcription of target genes. The functional capacity of mononuclear leukocytes is inhibited in parturient dairy cows at a time when blood cortisol concentrations are high. Because the glucocorticoid receptor is autoregulatory in many cell types, the hypothesis of the current study was that glucocorticoid receptor expression by mononuclear leukocytes is altered around parturition in association with elevated blood cortisol. If true, the glucocorticoid receptor could be involved in suppressed functions of mononuclear leukocytes in parturient cows. The objectives of this study were to determine effects of parturition on lymphocyte and monocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression and to correlate expression with serum cortisol concentrations. Objectives were achieved by using fluorescence staining and flow cytometric analyses to monitor glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes collected multiple times from 13 periparturtient test cows (eight multi- and five primiparous) and 10 midgestation control cows (five multi- and five primiparous). Serum cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Based on intensity of the fluorescent glucocorticoid receptor stain, parturition caused 42 and 47% reductions in lymphocyte and monocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression, respectively, compared with mean expression in corresponding cells from control cows. When mean prepartum values were compared with nadir values at parturition in the test cows, glucocorticoid receptor expression was reduced by 67% in lymphocytes and by 54% in monocytes. Mononuclear cell expression of glucocorticoid receptors was negatively correlated with serum cortisol concentrations. Results suggest that glucocorticoid receptors are down-regulated in bovine mononuclear leukocytes in association with increased adrenal secretion of cortisol at calving. It is possible that glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation is also associated with altered phenotype or function (or both) of lymphocytes and monocytes. This possibility should be substantiated because it could explain increased disease susceptibility in periparturient dairy cows. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Burton, JL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 277ME UT WOS:000084936700006 PM 10659961 ER PT J AU Valadares, SC Broderick, GA Valadares, RFD Clayton, MK AF Valadares, SC Broderick, GA Valadares, RFD Clayton, MK TI Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on nutrient utilization and milk production SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa silage; nonfiber carbohydrate; high moisture corn ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DRY-MATTER; NITROGEN; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN; ENERGY; SYSTEM; ACIDS; DIETS; YIELD AB Twenty-four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 21-d periods. The four diets, formulated from alfalfa silage plus a concentrate mix based on ground high moisture ear corn, contained [dry matter (DM) basis]: 1) 20% concentrate, 80% alfalfa silage (24% nonfiber carbohydrates; NFC), 2) 35% concentrate, 65% alfalfa silage (30% NFC), 3) 50% concentrate, 50% alfalfa silage (37% NFC), or 4) 65% concentrate, 35% alfalfa silage (43% NFC). Soybean meal and urea were added to make diets isonitrogenous with equal nonprotein N (43% of total N). Intake of DM and milk yield indicated that adaptation was complete within 7 d of changing the diets within the Latin square. There were linear increases in apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter, and a linear decrease in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility with increasing dietary NFC. Solutions of significant quadratic equations yielded estimated maxima for intake of DM, organic matter, digestible organic matter, and NDF at, respectively, 37, 38, 43, and 27% dietary NFC. There were linear increases in yields of milk, protein, lactose, and solids not fat with increasing dietary NFC. Feed efficiency (milk/DM intake) yielded a quadratic response with a minimum at 27% dietary NFC. Maxima for milk fat content, fat yield, and fat-corrected milk yield were estimated to occur at, respectively, 30, 34 and 38% dietary NFC. In this short-term trial, maximal DM intake and fat-corrected milk yield indicated that the optimum concentrate for cows fed high moisture ear corn plus alfalfa silage as the only forage was equivalent to 37 to 38% dietary NFC; however, yields of milk, protein and solids not fat were still increasing at 65% dietary concentrate (43% NFC). C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Zootecnia, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Vet, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 277ME UT WOS:000084936700015 PM 10659970 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Jackson, DM AF Simmons, AM Jackson, DM TI Evaluation of foliar-applied insecticides on abundance of parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyroclidae) in vegetables SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci B strain; parasitoids; Encarsia; Eretmocerus; biological control; sticky trap; vegetable; imidacloprid ID ALEYRODIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; COTTON; IDENTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; RESIDUES AB The relative abundance of parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring was studied in insecticide-treated and untreated field plots of cantaloupe, collard, cucumber, and tomato. Treatments were made using foliar-applied chlorpyrifos (Lorsban(R), DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN) in 1994, and foliar-applied imidacloprid (Provado(R), Bayer Corporation, Kansas City, MO) in 1995 and 1996. Yellow sticky cards were used to monitor parasitoids associated with B. argentifolii in plots untreated or treated weekly in 1994 and bi-weekly in 1995 and 1996 with insecticide over 10 wks. The abundance of parasitoids varied among fields and across years. Five species of parasitoids were captured: Eretmocerus sp., Encarsia nigricephala Dozier, E. pergandiella Howard, E. quaintancei Howard, and E. strenua (Silvestri). The first three species comprised approximately 95% of the captured parasitoids. Parasitoids persisted in all field locations and crops whether the vegetables were treated or not. Parasitoids were captured in the treated plots throughout the study, although in fewer numbers than in the untreated plots. Overall, about 60 to 70% of parasitoids captured were from plots without insecticide. Whitefly captures on the sticky traps were relatively high in collard compared with the other crops studied. In addition, more E. nigricephala and E. pergandiella were collected in collard than in the other vegetable crops. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288JT UT WOS:000085560200001 ER PT J AU Proshold, FI Carpenter, JE AF Proshold, FI Carpenter, JE TI Survival of Archytas marmoratus (Diptera : Tachinidae) in Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) at low temperatures and short days SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; fall armyworm; diapause; overwintering survival; augmentation AB Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) was reared on corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), or fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Rearing chambers were programmed for a constant temperature of 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, or 25 degrees C and a photoperiod of 10:14 h (L:D) or 25 degrees C and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). Development of parasitoids was faster when corn earworm larvae were parasitized than when fall armyworm larvae were parasitized. At 15 degrees C parasitoid survival was poor on both hosts but at 16 degrees C, more parasitoids eclosed on corn earworm than fall armyworm. Diapause induction in this strain of corn earworm was low. All pupae that eclosed after being in diapause produced an adult corn earworm. The data suggested that A. marmoratus is not influenced by diapause induction in its host but continues to develop above the threshold temperature for survival. This would restrict its overwintering as a larva or pupa to regions that have a continuous, nondiapausing host population. Thus, yearly establishment of A. marmoratus in more temperate areas would be required. C1 USDA ARS, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Proshold, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288JT UT WOS:000085560200002 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Freeman, T Natwick, ET Buckner, JS Nelson, DR Henneberry, TJ AF Chu, CC Freeman, T Natwick, ET Buckner, JS Nelson, DR Henneberry, TJ TI Bemisia argentifolii adult, nymph and egg densities and egg distribution on selected upland cottons SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silverleaf whitefly; egg distribution; upland cotton cultivars ID TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE OVIPOSITION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; SAMPLING PLANS; HOST-PLANT; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; GENOTYPES; BEHAVIOR AB Five upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivars, Deltapine (DPL) 50, 5415 and 5432, Fibermax 832 and Siokra L23. were studied in relation to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, oviposition and colonization. Deltapine 5415 and 5432 had the highest numbers of eggs and nymphs and Siokra L-23 the lowest. Siokra L-23 also had the lowest number of adults compared to the other four cultivars. Over 75% of eggs were oviposited on leaf surfaces between veins and 23% were oviposited in veins that were less than or equal to 4 cells wide. Few eggs were found on veins that were five or more cells wide. No eggs were inserted into leaf stomata. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288JT UT WOS:000085560200004 ER PT J AU Elden, TC AF Elden, TC TI Effects of proteinase inhibitors and plant lectins on the adult alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypera postica; alfalfa weevil; proteinase inhibitors; lectins; adults ID PROTEASE INHIBITORS; RESISTANCE; CYSTEINE; GROWTH; FECUNDITY; TOXICITY; MIDGUT; CHRYSOMELIDAE; BINDING; ENZYMES AB The effects of selected proteinase inhibitors and plant lectins of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), adult foliar feeding and fecundity were significantly inhibited by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors E-64, pHMB, and leupeptin at a concentration of 0.1%. Pepstatin (aspartic inhibitor) at 0.5% and soybean Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (serine) at 1.0% had no significant effect on adult foliar feeding, survival, or fecundity. Three of the four lectins tested significantly inhibited adult foliar feeding and fecundity at a concentration of 0.5%. A lectin from wheat and one from pea were the only two protein inhibitors tested to significantly inhibit adult survival. Results support a previous study that indicates the alfalfa weevil uses cysteine proteinases as major digestive enzymes. This study is one of few which demonstrates the effects of specific protein inhibitors on the adult stage of a foliar feeding insect species. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elden, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288JT UT WOS:000085560200006 ER PT J AU Elden, TC AF Elden, TC TI Influence of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor on alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) growth and development over successive generations SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hypera postica; cysteine; protease inhibitor; digestive enzymes; adaptation ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RESISTANCE; INSECTS; BEETLE; PESTS AB The influence of Leupeptin, a cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitor, on alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), growth and development was investigated over nine successive generations. Concern that ingestion of proteinase inhibitors by phytophagous insects could induce production of inhibitor-insensitive proteinase activity initiated this investigation. The percent alfalfa weevil larval, pupal and adult survival, and defoliation was significantly lower on alfalfa foliage treated with leupeptin than on untreated foliage in ail nine generations tested. Main effects for generations and treatment times generation were nonsignificant for all variables. This study demonstrates that after nine generations leupeptin, when compared to an untreated control, does not lose its ability to significantly inhibit alfalfa weevil growth and development. This suggests that the alfalfa weevil did not utilize or induce other proteinases (digestive enzymes) to compensate for inhibition of one of its major proteinases. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elden, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 288JT UT WOS:000085560200007 ER PT J AU Martin, WE Bender, HW Shields, DJ AF Martin, WE Bender, HW Shields, DJ TI Stakeholder objectives for public lands: Rankings of forest management alternatives SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE value function; decision theory; ecosystem management; multiple-use management; leasable minerals ID WEIGHTS AB Public participation in decision-making on US Forest Service lands is crucial to accomplishing the planning mission dictated by the National Forest Management Act of 1976. However, including the public has the potential to dramatically increase the possibility for conflict. This study investigates the process with which the opinions and desires of the public are incorporated into the forest planning process. Using a prescriptive approach from decision analysis, stakeholder preferences for development of leasable minerals on the San Juan National Forest in south-west Colorado are explored. Ordinal preferences and cardinal value functions are elicited from stakeholders on the San Juan National Forest. The ordering for the various management alternatives differed for several stakeholders from the cardinal to the ordinal rankings. Information on stakeholder values gathered from these methods can be used by Forest decision-makers to minimize conflict in the Forest planning process. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Policy Ctr, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Integrated Resource Solut, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Martin, WE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Policy Ctr, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 58 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1006/jema.1999.0313 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297ZA UT WOS:000086112300002 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A Foy, B Withers, P AF Sharpley, A Foy, B Withers, P TI Practical and innovative measures for the control of agricultural phosphorus losses to water: An overview SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; LAKE; MANAGEMENT; DRAINAGE; QUALITY; RUNOFF; BIOAVAILABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; PFIESTERIA; NITROGEN AB Inputs of P are essential for profitable crop and livestock production. However, its export in watershed runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving fresh waters. The specialization of crop and livestock farming has created regional imbalances in P inputs in feed and fertilizer and output in farm produce. In many areas, soil P exceeds crop needs and has enriched surface runoff with P. This paper provides a brief overview of P management strategies to maintain agricultural production and protect water quality that were discussed at the conference, "Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water," sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and held in Antrim, Northern Ireland, June 1998. The purpose of the conference was to assess current strategies for reducing the loads and concentrations of P from agricultural land to surface waters. Topics discussed at the interdisciplinary conference and reviewed here included sustainable P management in productive agriculture; assessing land application of P; evaluating and modeling P transport and transformations in soil, runoff, streams, and lakes; and implementation of integrated best management practices (BMPs). From these discussions, measures to control agricultural P transfer from soil to water may be brought about by optimizing fertilizer P use-efficiency, refining animal feed rations, using feed additives to increase P absorption by the animal, moving manure from surplus to deficit areas, and targeting conservation practices, such as reduced tillage, buffer strips, and cover crops, to critical areas of P export from a watershed. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Dept Agr No Ireland, Agr & Environm Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. ADAS, Winchester SO21 1AP, Hants, England. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 89 TC 217 Z9 248 U1 12 U2 118 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800002 ER PT J AU Haygarth, PM Sharpley, AN AF Haygarth, PM Sharpley, AN TI Terminology for phosphorus transfer SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; GRAZED GRASSLAND; SURFACE WATERS; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS; QUALITY; RUNOFF; UK AB The transfer of P from agricultural land to water attracts scientists of varied expertise. The multidisciplinary nature of factors controlling P transfer has lead to confusions in communication because of inappropriate or ambiguous use of terminology. Therefore, we have attempted to classify terminology far P transfer into: (i) processes (or modes) (e.g., erosion, leaching, incidental) (ii) pathways (e.g., overland flow, subsurface flow, drainage flow), and (iii) form terms (e.g., those that can be described in soil or water samples). A method elf classifying pathways by scale, plane, and time is suggested and a particular caution is noted for leaching, which is a process, not a pathway, and runoff (a vaguely defined pathway). Current terminology for forms in water is confusing because terms such as soluble, dissolved,particulate, inorganic, and organic can be technically incorrect if used inappropriately when describing P forms involving membrane filtration and Murphy-Riley Mo-blue chemistry. We suggest an improved method for describing the forms of P in waters, which is operationally defined and states the analytical method and size of filter used. C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Haygarth, PM (reprint author), Inst Grassland & Environm Res, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RI Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014 NR 44 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800003 ER PT J AU Moore, PA Daniel, TC Edwards, DR AF Moore, PA Daniel, TC Edwards, DR TI Reducing phosphorus runoff and inhibiting ammonia loss from poultry manure with aluminum sulfate SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; IRON AMENDMENTS; LITTER; VOLATILIZATION; SOLUBILITY; CALCIUM; LAKES AB Applications of aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3). 14H(2)O), commonly referred to as alum, to poultry litter have been shown to decrease P runoff from lands fertilized with litter and to inhibit NH3 volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of alum applications in commercial broiler houses on: (i) NH3 volatilization (in-house), (ii) poultry production, (iii) litter chemistry, and (iv) P runoff following litter application. Two farms were used for this study: one had six poultry houses and the other had four. The litter in half of the houses at each farm was treated with alum; the other houses were controls. Alum was applied at a rate of 1816 kg/house, which corresponded to 0.091 kg/bird. Each year the houses were cleaned in the spring and the litter was broadcast onto paired watersheds in tall fescue at each farm. Results from this study showed that alum applications lowered the litter pH, particularly during the first 3 to 4 wk of each growout. Reductions in litter pH resulted in less NH3 volatilization, which led to reductions in atmospheric NH3 in the alum-treated houses. Broilers grown on alum-treated litter were significantly heavier than controls (1.73 kg vs. 1.66 kg). Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in runoff from pastures fertilized with alum-treated litter averaged 73% lower than that from normal litter throughout a 3-yr period. These results indicate that alum-treatment of poultry litter is a very effective best management practice that reduces nonpoint source pollution while it increases agricultural productivity. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Moore, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM philipm@comp.uark.edu NR 33 TC 152 Z9 160 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800007 ER PT J AU Schepers, JS Schlemmer, MR Ferguson, RB AF Schepers, JS Schlemmer, MR Ferguson, RB TI Site-specific considerations for managing phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT AB Nutrient management can be difficult for land receiving nonuniform and sometimes very large applications of animal manure. The objective of this research was to document spatial variability in soil P status and develop a management strategy to help producers avoid problems related to past manure management practices. A 60-ha center-pivot sprinkler irrigated cornfield was intensively sampled (12.2 by 24.4 m alternate grid) and analyzed for Bray-l P, The average Bray-l P concentration showed that only a maintenance application would be sufficient; however, 74% of the individual data points indicated a positive response to P fertilizer could be expected, A map revealed unusually high soil P concentrations around a previous farmstead, Other spatial patterns were related to depositional areas with relatively high organic matter content. Consultants are beginning to collect soil samples on a 100 by 100 m grid (1.0-ha cells), The study field was separated into 1.0-ha cells from which P availability maps were generated using data from a single point in the center of each hypothetical cell and compared to the map using data from the cell corners, These maps were similar in some respects but would result in considerably different variable-rate P application maps, Results document the limitations and potential fallacies associated with grid sampling. A more reasonable approach might be to use a bare-soil photograph, crop canopy image, or yield map to identify sampling areas with similar characteristics to define sampling zones. Every effort should be made to identify past manure history prior to soil sampling. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Dept Agron, 119 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800017 ER PT J AU Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN Heathwaite, L Folmar, GJ AF Gburek, WJ Sharpley, AN Heathwaite, L Folmar, GJ TI Phosphorus management at the watershed scale: a modification of the phosphorus index SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; QUALITY; EROSION AB We considered hydrologic and chemical factors controlling P export from a 39.5-ha mixed land use watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, focusing our evaluation on watershed vulnerability to P loss. The spatial variations of P source factors, soil P, and P inputs from fertilizer and manure were evaluated. Distribution of Mehlich-3 soil P on a 30-m grid over the watershed showed that soil P varied with land use. Soils in wooded areas had low Mehlich-3 P (<30 mg kg(-1)); grazed pasture had Mehlich-3 P values between 100 and 200 mg kg(-1); and cropped fields receiving manure and fertilizer applications were mostly >200 mg kg(-1). Phosphorus sources and transport controls on P loss were evaluated by examining in-stream P concentrations during storm hydrographs. Phosphorus concentrations decreased 50% downstream from headwaters to watershed outlet, and were more closely related to near-stream (within 60 m) distribution of high-P soils than to that of the whole watershed. This suggests that near-stream surface runoff and soil P are controlling P export from the watershed. Based on these findings, we modified the Phosphorus Index (PI), a user-oriented tool developed by the NRCS-USDA to identify critical source areas controlling P export from agricultural watersheds. The modification separately evaluates P source and transport factors, and incorporates the hydrologic return period to describe contributing areas. The modified PI was applied to the watershed to illustrate interactions between P source and transport processes controlling P export, and approaches for managing P loss. C1 ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Gburek, WJ (reprint author), ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Heathwaite, Ann Louise/0000-0001-8791-0039 NR 46 TC 234 Z9 285 U1 2 U2 85 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 130 EP 144 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800018 ER PT J AU Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A Gburek, W AF Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A Gburek, W TI A conceptual approach for integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at watershed scales SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; RUNOFF; DRAINAGE; LOSSES AB Since the late 1960s, point-sources of water pollution have been reduced due to their ease of identification and treatment. As water quality problems remain and Further point-source measures become less cost-effective, attention is directed toward reducing agricultural nonpoint-sources of P and N. In the past, separate strategies for P and N were developed and implemented at farm or watershed scales, Because of differing biology, chemistry, and flow pathways of P and N in sop, these narrowly targeted strategies may lead to mixed results, In some cases, N management of manures has increased sail P and subsequent P enrichment of surface runoff, while no-till has reduced P losses but increased nitrate leaching. Thus, an integrated approach to nutrient management is needed, with best management practices (BMPs) targeted to critical areas of a watershed that contribute most of the P and N exported, We have developed indices that identify critical sources and transport pathways controlling P and N export. These indites are applied to a mixed land use watershed in Pennsylvania, Areas most vulnerable to P loss are limited to small, well-defined areas of the watershed (<20% of area) near the stream channel. In contrast to P, larger areas contribute to nitrate leaching and generally occur on the upper boundaries of the watershed (60%), where freely draining seas and high manure and fertilizer N applications are made. Thus, differing levels of nutrient management may be appropriate for different areas of a watershed. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Heathwaite, Ann Louise/0000-0001-8791-0039 NR 45 TC 137 Z9 149 U1 9 U2 66 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 158 EP 166 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800021 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A Tunney, H AF Sharpley, A Tunney, H TI Phosphorus research strategies to meet agricultural and environmental challenges of the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OECD Conference on Practical and Innovative Measures for the Control of Agricultural Phosphorus Losses to Water CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND SP OECD HO GREENMOUNT COLL AGR & HORT ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MANURE; RUNOFF AB The accumulation, management, and transfer of P in intensive farming systems has increased P export from agricultural watersheds and accelerated eutrophication of surface waters. Even though much research on P has been done in the last 20 years, there are still too few answers to the many questions now being asked regarding agricultural production;md environmental quality, To address these concerns, four areas of research are suggested: (i) Soil P testing for environmental risk assessment-What losses are acceptable and arm these losses be determined by plot-scale or watershed-scale studies? Threshold P levers in soil and water should be established in combination with an assessment of site vulnerability to P loss. (ii) Pathways of P transport-An analysis of the relative importance of different flow pathways is needed at a watershed scale, (iii) Best Management Practice (BMP) development and implementation-Overall, BMPs must attempt to bring P inputs rand outputs into closer balance and should be targeted first to critical source areas within a watershed. Alternative management recommendations, uses, and market demand for manures must be developed. (iv) Strategic initiatives to manage P-To initiate lasting changes, research should focus on consumer-supported programs that encourage farmer performance and stewardship to achieve agreed-upon environmental goals. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. TEGASC, Soil & Environm Res Ctr, Wexford, Ireland. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 130 Z9 182 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 176 EP 181 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276PD UT WOS:000084885800023 ER PT J AU Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Werdin, NR Yen, PY AF Oliveira, RS Koskinen, WC Werdin, NR Yen, PY TI Sorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites on tropical soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE sorption; imidacloprid; metabolites; tropical soils ID DESORPTION AB The sorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolid-inimine) (IMI) and its metabolites imidacloprid-urea (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-2- imidazol-idinone) (IU), imidacloprid-guanidine (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IG), and imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IGO) was determined on six typical Brazilian soils. Sorption of the chemicals on the soil was characterized using the batch equilibration method. The range and order of sorption (Kd) on the six soils was IG (4.75-134) greater than or equal to IGO (2.87-72.3) > IMI (0.55 - 16.9) > TU (0.31-9.50). For IMI and IU, Kd was correlated with soil organic carbon (OC) content and CEC, the latter due to the high correlation between OC and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R-2=0.98). For IG and IGO, there was no correlation of sorption to clay, pH, OC or CEC due to the high sorption on all soils. Average Koc values were IU = 170, IMI = 362, IGO = 2433, and IG = 3500. Although Kd and Koc values found were consistently lower than those found in soils developed in non-tropical climates, imidacloprid and its metabolites were still considered to be slightly mobile to immobile in Brazilian soils. C1 Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Agron, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Bayer Corp, Stilwell, KS 66088 USA. RP Oliveira, RS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Agron, Av Colombo 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1080/03601230009373252 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284WE UT WOS:000085355200003 PM 10693053 ER PT J AU Watts, DW Novak, JM Johnson, MH Stone, KC AF Watts, DW Novak, JM Johnson, MH Stone, KC TI Storm flow export of metolachlor from a coastal plain watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE metolachlor; tropical cyclones; storm flow; surface water ID METABOLITES; GROUNDWATER; PESTICIDES AB During an Ig-month (1994-1995) survey of the surface water in an Atlantic Coastal Plain watershed, metolachlor was most frequently detected during storm flow events. Therefore, a sampling procedure, focused on storm flow, was implemented in June of 1996. During 1996, three tropical cyclones made landfall within 150 km of the watershed. These storms, as well as several summer thunderstorms, produced six distinct storm flow events within the watershed. Metolachlor was detected leaving the watershed during each event. Ln early September, Hurricane Fran produced the largest storm flow event and accounted for the majority of the metolachlor exports. During the storm event triggered by Hurricane Fran, the highest daily average flow (7.5 m(2) s(-1)) and highest concentration (5.1 mu g L-1) ever measured at the watershed outlet were recorded. Storm now exports leaving the watershed represented 0.1 g ha(-1) or about 0.04% of active ingredient applied. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Watts, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1080/03601230009373262 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297RC UT WOS:000086095600004 PM 10736767 ER PT J AU Mitchell, ER Mayer, MS AF Mitchell, ER Mayer, MS TI Interpreting the relationship between pheromone component emission from commercial lures and captures of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in bucket and cone traps SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE gas-liquid chromatography; behavior; olfaction; discrimination; inhibitors ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; NOCTUIDAE; MOTH; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS AB Male corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), were captured in conical Texas pheromone traps (cone traps) and bucket traps baited with four different commercial lures manufactured by three different manufacturers. Because significant numbers were captured in bucket traps baited with some of the lures, and none with others, the volatile emissions from all of the lures were sampled and analyzed by gas chromatographic methods. The numbers of males captured in two types of trap were compared with bait emissions in an endeavor to define a more effective lure for bucket traps. The lure from one manufacturer captured the same numbers of males in both trap types; one captured more in bucket traps than in cone traps, and another captured only a small number in bucket traps. The emission rate of all active compounds from each of the different lures was approximately linear for the duration of the assays. A gas-liquid chromatographic peak associated with a third compound, ((Z) under bar)-9-tetradecenal, which reduces behavioral responses, was observed in the emissions from all lures evaluated. The effectiveness of the Hereon (Emmigsville, PA) lure in capturing males in both types of trap was associated with a lower emission of ((Z) under bar)-11-hexadecenal, ((Z) under bar)-9-hexadecenal and ((Z) under bar)-9-tetradecenal than from the other lures. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1080/03601230009373266 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 297RC UT WOS:000086095600008 PM 10736771 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Dowdy, RH Lamb, JA Anderson, JL Lowery, B Knighton, RE Clay, DE AF Clay, SA Dowdy, RH Lamb, JA Anderson, JL Lowery, B Knighton, RE Clay, DE TI Herbicide movement and dissipation at four midwestern sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE atrazine dissipation; atrazine movement; alachlor dissipation; alachlor movement; ridge-tillage; nonpoint source pollution; regional management and evaluation ID ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; CLAY LOAM SOIL; ALACHLOR DISSIPATION; C-14 ATRAZINE; FIELD LYSIMETERS; PLAINFIELD SAND; SILT LOAM; TILLAGE; PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY AB This study was conducted to evaluate atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl- 1,3,5-triazine) and alachlor (2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide) dissipation and movement to shallow aquifers across the Northern Sand Plains region of the United States. Sites were located at Minnesota on a Zimmerman fine sand, North Dakota on Hecla sandy loam, South Dakota on a Brandt silty clay loam, and Wisconsin on a Sparta sand. Herbicide concentrations were determined in soil samples taken to 90 cm four times during the growing season and water samples taken from the top one m of aquifer at least once every three months. Herbicides were detected to a depth of 30 cm in Sparta sand and 90 cm in all other soils. Some aquifer samples from each site contained atrazine with the highest concentration in the aquifer beneath the Sparta sand (1.28 mu g L-1). Alachlor was detected only once in the aquifer at the SD site. The time to 50% atrazine dissipation (DT50) in the top 15 cm of soil averaged about 21 d in Sparta and Zimmerman sands and more than 45 d for Brandt and Hecla soils. Atrazine DT,, was correlated positively with %clay and organic carbon (OC), and negatively with % fine sand. Alachlor DT,, ranged from 12 to 32 d for Zimmerman and Brandt soils, respectively, and was correlated negatively with %clay and OC and positively with % sand. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 259 EP 278 DI 10.1080/03601230009373269 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 316UC UT WOS:000087185600001 PM 10808992 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Response of selected poultry cecal probiotic bacteria and a primary poultry Salmonella typhimurium isolate grown with or without glucose in liquid batch culture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE cecal bacteria; probiotics; Salmonella typhimurium; poultry ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; MIXED CULTURE; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; CHICKS; REDUCTION; ACID AB The objective of this study was to determine whether fermentation by a cecal probiotic co-culture of an Enterococcus sp. and Veillonella sp. would inhibit the in vitro growth of a S. typhimurium poultry isolate. The growth rates of S. typhimurium and Enterococcus were significantly reduced at pH 5. At the two pH levels, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increase at 24 h in colony forming units for each of the bacteria enumerated from the mixed culture compared to the respective pure culture enumerations. S. typhimurium was not inhibited in mixed cultures. The mixed cultures produced more acetate than any of the pure cultures and lactate produced by Enterococcus appeared to be utilized by Veillonella. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1080/03601230009373286 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 326JV UT WOS:000087733000008 PM 10874626 ER PT J AU Kwon, YM Woodward, CL Corrier, DE Byrd, JA Pillai, SD Ricke, SC AF Kwon, YM Woodward, CL Corrier, DE Byrd, JA Pillai, SD Ricke, SC TI Recovery of a marker strain of Salmonella typhimurium in litter and aerosols from isolation rooms containing infected chickens SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; aerosol sampling; litter sampling; poultry house ID POULTRY HOUSES; BROILER CHICKS; COLONIZATION; CONTAMINATION; FARMS AB Screening of poultry flocks for foodborne pathogen Salmonella contamination is critical for Salmonella control in preharvest stages of poultry production. In this study, two sampling methods (litter and air filter) were compared for detection of S. typhimurium from experimentally infected chicks some of which had received either a probiotic competitive exclusion culture or transfer of cecal contents from salmonellae-free adult birds. At 4, 9, and 11 days after inoculation, S. typhimurium samples were enumerated by selective plating. For both types of sampling, the control birds yielded the greatest levels of environmental contamination followed by the samples from the probiotic inoculated birds with the birds receiving the cecal transfer culture having the lowest levels of contamination. Although the two sampling methods responded in a similar fashion, detection sensitivity needs to be increased for air filter sampling. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Environm Sci Program, El Paso, TX 79927 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1080/03601230009373287 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 326JV UT WOS:000087733000009 PM 10874627 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Corrier, DE Stanker, LH Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Corrier, DE Stanker, LH Ricke, SC TI Salmonella enteritidis hilA gene fusion response after incubation in spent media from either S. enteritidis or a poultry Lactobacillus strain SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; probiotic; poultry; spent media; Lactobacillus ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; BROILER CHICKS; LAYING HENS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; VIRULENCE; INVASION; BACTERIA; CROP AB The purpose of this study was to determine if growth of a poultry probiotic lactobacilli strain can influence S. enteritidis virulence expression by measuring the response of a hilA-lacZY transcriptional fusion. beta-galactosidase activity was not detected when S. enteritidis was incubated in Lactobacillus-spent medium (24 h growth, pH 4.1, 50.4 mM lactate) but was detectable in spent medium from 4 h growth cultures of Lactobacillus sp. (final OD of 0.213, pH 5.7, 12 mM lactate) when pH and lactate were adjusted to that of the 24 h-pH 4 spent media levels. Adjusting the pH of the 24 h spent medium from 4 to 6, resulted in a measurable beta-galactosidase activity that was significantly higher than expression in LB broth. When S. enteritidis was grown in Salmonella-spent media (24 h growth, pH 4.2, 78 mM acetate), hilA expression was increased 4-fold over expression in the LB broth. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 5 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1080/03601230009373295 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 348HP UT WOS:000088979700006 PM 10968610 ER PT J AU Schoenbeck, MA Temple, SJ Trepp, GB Blumenthal, JM Samac, DA Gantt, JS Hernandez, G Vance, CP AF Schoenbeck, MA Temple, SJ Trepp, GB Blumenthal, JM Samac, DA Gantt, JS Hernandez, G Vance, CP TI Decreased NADH glutamate synthase activity in nodules and flowers of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) transformed with an antisense glutamate synthase transgene SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Molecular Physiology II - Engineering Crops for Hostile Environments CY DEC 14-16, 1998 CL IACR ROTHAMSTED, HARPENDEN, ENGLAND SP IACR Rothamsted, Assoc Appl Biol HO IACR ROTHAMSTED DE amino acid; nitrogen assimilation; pollen ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ROOT-NODULES; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; AMMONIA ASSIMILATION; ARABIDOPSIS MUTANTS; SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY; GENE; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Legumes obtain a substantial portion of their nitrogen (N) from symbiotic N(2) fixation in root nodules, The glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle is responsible for the initial N assimilation. This report describes the analysis of a transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) line containing an antisense NADH-GOGAT (EC 1.4.1.14) under the control of the nodule-enhanced aspartate aminotransferase (AAT-2) promoter. In one transgenic line, NADH-GOGAT enzyme activity was reduced to approximately 50%, with a corresponding reduction in protein and mRNA, The transcript abundance for cytosolic GS, ferredoxin-dependent GOGAT (EC 1,4,7,1), AAT-2 (EC 2.6.1.1), asparagine synthase (EC 6.3.5,4), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4,1,1.31) were unaffected, as were enzyme activities for AAT, PEPC and GS. Antisense NADH-GOGAT plants grown under symbiotic conditions were moderately chlorotic and reduced in growth and N content, even though symbiotic N(2) fixation was not significantly reduced. The addition of nitrate relieved the chlorosis and restored growth and N content. Surprisingly, the antisense NADH-GOGAT plants were male sterile resulting from inviable pollen, A reduction in NADH-GOGAT enzyme activity and transcript abundance in the antisense plants was measured during the early stages of flower development. Inheritance of the transgene was stable and resulted in progeny with a range of NADH-GOGAT activity, These data indicate that NADH-GOGAT plays a critical role in the assimilation of symbiotically fixed N and during pollen development. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Morelos CP 62271, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 49 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 51 IS 342 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1093/jexbot/51.342.29 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 278MV UT WOS:000084994300005 PM 10938793 ER PT J AU Lasat, MM Pence, NS Garvin, DF Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV AF Lasat, MM Pence, NS Garvin, DF Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV TI Molecular physiology of zinc transport in the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Molecular Physiology II - Engineering Crops for Hostile Environments CY DEC 14-16, 1998 CL IACR ROTHAMSTED, HARPENDEN, ENGLAND SP IACR Rothamsted, Assoc Appl Biol HO IACR ROTHAMSTED DE Thlaspi caerulescens; Zn hyperaccumulation; Zn transport; ZNT1; Zn transport genes ID GOESINGENSE HALACSY; CADMIUM UPTAKE; ROOTS; SEEDLINGS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; FLUXES; COMPARTMENTATION; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION AB In this manuscript, recent research from this laboratory into physiological and molecular aspects of heavy metal (Zn) transport in the hyperaccumulating plant species, Thlaspi caerulescens is reviewed, This research is aimed at elucidating the processes that underlie the accumulation of extraordinarily high levels of Zn in the T. caerulescens shoot (up to 3% Zn dry wt.) without any associated toxicity symptom. Physiological studies focused on the use of radiotracer flux techniques ((65)Zn(2+)) to characterize zinc transport and compartmentation in the root, and translocation and accumulation in the shoot of T. caerulescens in comparison with a related non-accumulator, T, arvense. These studies indicated that Zn transport was stimulated at a number of sites in T, caerulescens, contributing to the hyperaccumulation trait. The transport processes that were stimulated included Zn influx into both root and leaf cells, and Zn loading into the xylem, The 4- to 5-fold stimulation of Zn influx into the root was hypothesized to be due to an increased abundance of Zn transporters in T, caerulescens root cells. Additionally, compartmental analysis (radiotracer wash out or efflux techniques) was used to show that Zn was sequestered in the vacuoles of T, arvense root cells which retarded Zn translocation to the shoot in this non-accumulator species, Molecular studies have focused on the cloning and characterization of Zn transport genes in T, caerulescens. Complementation of a yeast Zn transport-defective mutant with a T, caerulescens cDNA library resulted in the recovery of a cDNA, ZNT1, that encodes a Zn transporter, Sequence analysis of ZNT1 indicated it is a member of a recently discovered micronutrient transport gene family which includes the Arabidopsis Fe transporter, IRT1, and the ZIP Zn transporters. Expression of ZNT1 in yeast allowed for a physiological characterization of this transporter. It was shown to encode a high affinity Zn transporter which can also mediate low affinity Cd transport, Northern analysis of ZNT1 and its homologue in the two Thlaspi species indicated that enhanced Zn transport in T. caerulescens results from a constitutively high expression of the ZNT1 gene in roots and shoots. In T, arvense, ZNT1 is expressed at far lower levels and this expression is stimulated by imposition of Zn deficiency. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 35 TC 173 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 51 IS 342 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1093/jexbot/51.342.71 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 278MV UT WOS:000084994300009 PM 10938797 ER PT J AU Hoffman, AJ AF Hoffman, AJ TI Glenn Lyle Hoffman - Biography SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Hoffman, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, POB 860,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 302RE UT WOS:000086378400013 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Variation of lag time and specific growth rate among 11 strains of Salmonella inoculated onto sterile ground chicken breast burgers and incubated at 25C SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID KINETICS; LISTERIA AB One strain of 11 serotypes or II strains of Salmonella, which were isolated from the ceca of broilers, were surveyed for their growth kinetics on sterile ground chicken breast burgers incubated at 25C to determine the variation of lag time and specific growth rate. Growth curves, four per strain, were fit to a two-phase linear model to determine lag time (h) and specific growth rate (log,dh). Repeatability of growth kinetics measurements for individual strains had a mean coefficient of variation of 11.7% for lag time (range: 5.8 to 17.3%) and a mean coefficient of variation of 6.7% for specific growth rate (range: 2.7 to 13.3%). Lag time among strains ranged from 2.2 to 3.1 h with a mean of 2.8 h for all strains, whereas specific growth rate among strains ranged from 0.3 to 0.38 log(10) per h with a mean of 0.35 log(10)per h for all strains. One-way analysis of variance indicated that lag time (P = 0.029) and specific growth rate (P = 0.025) differed slightly among strains. S. Haardt had a shorter (P < 0.05) lag time than S. Agona and S. Brandenburg, whereas the specific growth rate of S. Enteritidis was less than (P < 0.05) the specific growth rates of S. Typhimurium and S. Brandenburg. All other strains had similar lag times and specific growth rates. The coefficient of variation among strains was 9.4% for lag time and 5.7% for specific growth rate. These results indicate that there were only minor differences in the lag times and specific growth rates among the strains of Salmonella surveyed. Thus, the growth kinetic values obtained with one strain of Salmonella may be useful for predicting the growth of other strains of Salmonella for which data do not currently exist. C1 Univ Maryland, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2000.tb00301.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 391PH UT WOS:000166364000003 ER PT J AU Bigner-George, ME Berry, BW AF Bigner-George, ME Berry, BW TI Thawing prior to cooking affects sensory, shear force, and cooking properties of beef patties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef patties; thawing; cooked color; sensory; tenderness ID GROUND-BEEF; COOKED BEEF; COLOR; FAT; TEMPERATURE; CARRAGEENAN; PH AB Patties from 6 commercial formulations were cooked to 71 degrees C from either the frozen state or after thawing for 24 to 27 h at 4 degrees C to eliminate the pink/red color exhibited when cooked to 71 degrees C from the frozen state. Thawed patties had shorter cooking times, higher cooking yields, and lower shear force peak load and peak energy values. Patties cooked from the thawed state increased in thickness during cooking, while patties cooked from the frozen state decreased in thickness during cooking. Thawing prior to cooking increased sensory evaluation scores except for patties made with carrageenan. Thawing not only eliminated the problem of pink/red color after cooking but also improved sensory, shear force, and cooking properties of beef patties. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Berry, BW (reprint author), ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb15946.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 296MC UT WOS:000086027300005 ER PT J AU Sloman, D White, A Schwartz, J Phelps, M Williamson, B AF Sloman, D White, A Schwartz, J Phelps, M Williamson, B TI Water quality without borders SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 Catskill Forest Assoc, Arkville, NY 12406 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, New York, NY USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Sloman, D (reprint author), Catskill Forest Assoc, POB 336, Arkville, NY 12406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 98 IS 1 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 270VH UT WOS:000084557500014 ER PT J AU Ruter, B Hamrick, JL Wood, BW AF Ruter, B Hamrick, JL Wood, BW TI Outcrossing rates and relatedness estimates in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) populations SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; MATING SYSTEM; POLLINATION; POLYMORPHISMS; PARAMETERS; ORCHARDS; BUFFERS; YIELDS; PINE; TIME C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Fruit & Nut Res Unit, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Hamrick, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1093/jhered/91.1.72 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 280KM UT WOS:000085102000016 PM 10739132 ER PT J AU Ju, ZG Duan, JS Ju, ZQ AF Ju, ZG Duan, JS Ju, ZQ TI Leatheriness and mealiness of peaches in relation to fruit maturity and storage temperature SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES; WOOLLY BREAKDOWN; NECTARINES; WOOLLINESS AB 'Huangjin' peaches (Prunus persica Batsch) were harvested at commercial harvest time (commercial) and 20 d before (early) or after (later) commercial harvest. Fruit from each harvest were stored at three temperature regimes (0, 5 and 10 degrees C) at 95% r.h. After four weeks of storage at 0 or 5 degrees C, early harvested fruit developed more leatheriness but less mealiness and later harvested fruit did not develop leatheriness but developed more mealiness compared with fruit from commercial harvest. Overall, fruit stored at 5 degrees C developed more mealiness but less leatheriness than fruit at 0 degrees C for the same period of storage. When stored at 10 degrees C for two weeks, after which fruit were senescent, fruit did not develop any leatheriness or mealiness regardless of harvest times. Fruit with leatheriness were firmer (>30 N) than juicy or mealy fruit (<10 N) after the same period of cold storage and 4 d at 20 degrees C. Mealy fruit were as soft as juicy fruit. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxlic acid (ACC) content, and polygalacturonase (PG) and galactosidase (CAL) activities were lower, and insoluble pectin content was higher in leathery fruit than that in juicy or mealy fruit. AGO, FG and GAL activity, ACC, and insoluble pectin content were similar between mealy and juicy fruit. C1 Laiyang Agr Coll, Shandong, Peoples R China. Eureka Biotechnol Co, Dept R&D, Fruit Res Lab, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM ju@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 75 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 280WY UT WOS:000085127800015 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Development of an immunoassay for the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE ractopamine; immunoassay; ELISA; beta-agonists; cross-reactivity ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COULOMETRIC DETECTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HYDROCHLORIDE; SWINE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PERFORMANCE; DISPOSITION; RESIDUES; URINE AB Antibody generated from ractopamine-hemiglutarate-KLH[ was used to develop a ractopamine ELISA. The antibody showed good sensitivity in phosphate buffer, with an IC50 of 4.2 ng/ml (ppb) toward ractopamine and 16.2 ng/ml toward glucuronides of ractopamine conjugated to the phenethanolamine phenol of ractopamine. Phenylbutylamine phenol glucuronides of the (RS, SR) ractopamine diastereoisomers showed about 4% cross-reactivity, but the glucuronide of the (RR, SS) diastereoisomers conjugated at the same phenolic group showed no detectable reactivity with the antibody. The antibody generally had cross-reactivity towards compounds with bis-phenylalkyl amine structures rather than compounds with simple branched N-alkyl substituents. For example, the antibody showed little or no cross reactivity towards clenbuterol, isoproterenol, metaproterenol, and salbutamol, but cross-reacted with dobutamine, The system demonstrated a matrix effect similar to other enzyme immunoassays, dilution of urine decreased but did not eliminate the matrix effect. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 30 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1080/01971520009349496 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 311CZ UT WOS:000086868400001 PM 10805315 ER PT J AU Cornick, NA Matise, I Samuel, JE Bosworth, BT Moon, HW AF Cornick, NA Matise, I Samuel, JE Bosworth, BT Moon, HW TI Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: Temporal and quantitative relationships among colonization, toxin production, and systemic disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Rushmore Conference on Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 1998 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP N Cent Reg Res Comm NC-62, Bayer, Agr Div, Pfizer Cent Res Div, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, St Joseph, Grand Labs Inc, Eli Lilly & Co Fdn, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediatrics, Wyeth Ayerst Labs ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; P1 BLOOD-GROUP; EDEMA DISEASE; II VARIANT; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS; POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL; IN-VITRO; PIGS AB Edema disease, a naturally occurring disease of swine caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), was used as a model for the sequence of events that occur in the pathogenesis of STEC infection. The mean time from production of levels of Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e) detectable in the feces (day 1) to the onset of clinical disease (neurologic disturbances or death) was 5 days (range, 3-9), Bacterial colonization and titers of Stx2e in the ileum peaked at 4 days after inoculation in pigs without signs of clinical disease and at 6 days after inoculation in clinically affected pigs, Animals with the greatest risk of progressing to clinical disease tended to have the highest fecal toxin titers (greater than or equal to 1 : 4096), Stx2e was detected in the red cell fraction from blood of some pigs showing clinical signs of edema disease but was not detected in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid. C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cornick, NA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, 1802 Elwood Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ncornick@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41328] NR 66 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1086/315172 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282QJ UT WOS:000085229300031 PM 10608773 ER PT J AU Angus, CW Klivington-Evans, D Dubey, JP Kovacs, JA AF Angus, CW Klivington-Evans, D Dubey, JP Kovacs, JA TI Immunization with a DNA plasmid encoding the SAG1 (P30) protein of Toxoplasma gondii is immunogenic and protective in rodents SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology Annual Meeting CY MAY 15-20, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Biochem & Molec Biol ID MAJOR SURFACE-ANTIGEN; P-30 ANTIGEN; T-CELLS; MICE; INFECTION; VACCINATION; IMMUNITY; VACCINES; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION AB Immunization with DNA can induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, both of which are important in conferring immunity to Taxoplasma gondii, The efficacy of genetic vaccination with a cDNA encoding the T. gondii SAG1 (P30) surface antigen was evaluated. Sera of immunized mice showed recognition of T. gondii tachyzoites by immunofluorescence and exhibited high titers of antibody to SAG1 by ELISA, SAG1-stimulated splenocytes from vaccinated mice produced primarily interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, Vaccinated mice survived challenge with 80 tissue cysts of ME49 strain, whereas all control mice died; challenge with 20 tissue cysts resulted in fewer brain cysts, compared with controls, Challenge of vaccinated rats with VEG strain oocysts resulted in a reduction in brain cysts. No protection was observed when mice were challenged with the highly virulent RH strain tachyzoites, These results suggest that nucleic acid vaccination can provide protection against T. gondii infection in mice. C1 NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Off Review, NCRR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Angus, CW (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Off Review, NCRR, 6705 Rockledge Dr,Suite 6104, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1086/315186 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282QJ UT WOS:000085229300039 PM 10608781 ER PT J AU Rachinsky, A Feldlaufer, MF AF Rachinsky, A Feldlaufer, MF TI Responsiveness of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) corpora allata to allatoregulatory peptides from four insect species SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JH biosynthesis; allatotropin; allatostatin; caste development; Apis mellifera ID JUVENILE-HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IN-VITRO; LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION; ALLATOSTATINS; INVITRO; CARNICA; ASSAY AB Five neuropeptides with known allatotropic or allatostatic activity in other insect species were examined for their effects on honey bee corpora allata. Using an in vitro radiochemical assay, we assessed the ability of these peptides to affect the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone III and its immediate precursor methyl farnesoate, as well as their effects on the conversion of methyl farnesoate into juvenile hormone. None of the allatostatins tested affected JH biosynthesis during the last larval instar of honey bee workers. Manduca sexta allatotropin, however, stimulated JH biosynthesis in a stage-specific and dose-dependent manner. Analysis of intraglandular contents of juvenile hormone and its precursor revealed that the allatotropin significantly increased JH precursor but did not overcome the stage-specific block in the terminal step of JH biosynthesis that is typical for early fifth-instar worker larvae. Studies also indicated that the allatotropic effect was reversible at the level of methyl farnesoate production. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Feldlaufer, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00100-6 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 249WF UT WOS:000083355700005 ER PT J AU Micieli, MV Garcia, JJ Becnel, JJ AF Micieli, MV Garcia, JJ Becnel, JJ TI Horizontal transmission of Amblyospora albifasciati Garcia and Becnel, 1994 (Microsporidia : Amblyosporidae), to a copepod intermediate host and the neotropical mosquito, Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart, 1837) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyospora albifasciati; Microsporidia; Aedes albifaciatus; mosquito; Mesocyclops annulatus; copepoda; taxonomy; ultrastructure; host specificity ID LIFE-CYCLE; CULEX-ANNULIROSTRIS; SP-NOV; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB The life cycle of Amblyospora albifasciati is characterized by three sporulation sequences involving the definitive mosquito host and a copepod intermediate host. Meiospores of A albifasciati were infectious per os to adult females of the copepod Mesocyclops annulatus. All developmental stages in the copepod had unpaired nuclei, with sporulation involving the formation of a sporontogenic interfacial envelope and the production of a second type of uninucleate spore. These spores, formed in the ovaries of M. annulatus, were large, pyriform, and measured 10.4 x 4.8 mu m. They infected Aedes albifasciatus larvae when ingested to initiate a sequence that involves schizogony and gametogony and ends with plasmogamy and nuclear association to form diplokaryotic meronts. Oval binucleate spores (9.3 x 3.1 mu m) are formed in the adult mosquito and are responsible for vertical transmission to the filial generation. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, Comis Invest Cientif, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Micieli, MV (reprint author), Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, Comis Invest Cientif, Calle 2,584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 75 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1006/jipa.1999.4897 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 285NL UT WOS:000085395100012 PM 10631061 ER PT J AU Novak, V Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT AF Novak, V Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT TI Infiltration of water into soil with cracks SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; POROSITY AB This paper presents the physical basis of the FRACTURE submodeled for simulating infiltration of precipitation/irrigation water into relatively dry, cracked, fine-textured soils. The FRACTURE submodel forms part of the HYDRUS-ET variably saturated flow/transport model. Infiltration into the soil matrix is formally divided into two components: (1) Vertical infiltration through-the soil surface; and (2) lateral infiltration via soil cracks. The first component is described and solved using the 1D Richards' equation. Excess water that does not infiltrate through the soil surface is either considered to be runoff, if no soil cracks are present, or routed into soil cracks from where it may laterally infiltrate into the soil matrix. Horizontal infiltration from soil cracks into the soil matrix is calculated using the Green-Ampt approach and incorporated as a positive source/sink term S-f in the Richards' equation describing flow in the matrix. In addition to the hydraulic properties of the soil matrix, the FRACTURE submodel requires parameters characterizing the soil cracks, notably the specific crack length per surface area l(c) and the relationship between crack porosity P-o and the gravimetric soil water content w. An example problem shows that infiltration from soil cracks can be an important process affecting the soil water regime of cracked soils. A comparison with the more traditional approach, involving surface infiltration only, indicates important differences in the soil water content distribution during a rainfall/irrigation event. This extension of the classical approach to include crack infiltration significantly improves the identification and prediction of the soil water regime. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Hydrol, Bratislava 83008, Slovakia. ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Novak, V (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Hydrol, POB 94,Racianska 75, Bratislava 83008, Slovakia. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 279CA UT WOS:000085024700007 ER PT J AU Williams, DR AF Williams, DR TI Anatomy of the academy: Dissecting the past, resecting the future SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE leisure studies; higher education; accreditation; academic program development C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Williams, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 180 EP 185 PG 6 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 318WQ UT WOS:000087308000038 ER PT J AU More, T Stevens, T AF More, T Stevens, T TI Do user fees exclude low-income people from resource-based recreation? SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE recreation fees; economics; low-income users; public policy ID IMPACT AB A mail survey of New Hampshire and Vermont households shows that although user fees are widely accepted, they may substantially reduce participation in resource-based recreation by those earning less than $30,000 per year. For example, 23% of low-income respondents indicated that they had either reduced use or gone elsewhere as a result of recent fee increases, while only 11% of high-income users had made such changes. A conjoint analysis also suggests that low-income respondents are much more responsive to access fees than high-income respondents. And we find that a $5 daily fee for use of public lands would affect about 49% of low-income people as compared to 33% of high-income respondents. We conclude that potential impacts of this magnitude highlight several critical problems in the design of recreation fee programs. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP More, T (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 341 EP 357 PG 17 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 381BB UT WOS:000165741500003 ER PT J AU Chitko-McKown, CG Heaton, MP Grosse, WM Lepley, DM Laegreid, WW AF Chitko-McKown, CG Heaton, MP Grosse, WM Lepley, DM Laegreid, WW TI Identification of allelic variation within the bovine interleukin-13 gene SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2000 SU S MA 29 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 353CY UT WOS:000089257200030 ER PT J AU Lepley, DM Chitko-McKown, CG Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW AF Lepley, DM Chitko-McKown, CG Heaton, MP Laegreid, WW TI Allelic variation in the bovine interleukin-10 gene SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2000 SU S MA 113 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 353CY UT WOS:000089257200114 ER PT J AU Sirvent, T Gibson, DM AF Sirvent, T Gibson, DM TI Rapid isocratic HPLC analysis of hypericins SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORATUM; EXTRACTS AB We describe a new method for the analysis of hypericins from crude extracts of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) using HPLC. Hypericin and pseudohypericin and related compounds were separated in 15 minutes using a simple isocratic elution method on a modified phenyl column. This isocratic method permits the quantitative and rapid analysis of hypericins in crude acetone samples. In addition, we report on the photoconversion of protohypericins to hypericins, as well as the stability of hypericin and pseudohypericin as a function of light, time, and storage conditions. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1081/JLC-100101449 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 274MH UT WOS:000084769300006 ER PT J AU Nemergut, DR Johnson, RM Wunch, KG Bennett, JW AF Nemergut, DR Johnson, RM Wunch, KG Bennett, JW TI Extraction and quantification of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by reversed phase thin layer chromatography SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIODEGRADATION; BENZO(A)PYRENE; OXIDATION; FUNGI AB As research on the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) shifts from laboratory to field based studies, a need has arisen for reproducible, economical, and accurate methods for extraction and quantification of B[a]P. This study describes a method for the analysis of B[a]P using batch extraction techniques with quantification by reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and densitometry. A loam soil was fortified with B[a]P at a level of 100 mg B[a]P kg(-1) soil. Several solvents were evaluated as potential soil extraction systems including: acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methylene chloride:acetone (1:1). Reverse phase thin layer chromatography of B[a]P was performed on hydrocarbon impregnated, C18 reverse phase plates using methanol:acetonitrile (1:1) as the developing solvent. The Rf for B[a]P in this system was found to be 0.52. Recovery of B[a]P from soil ranged from 11% with methanol to 84% with ethyl acetate. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wunch, KG (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, 2000 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1081/JLC-100101474 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 284NM UT WOS:000085338500009 ER PT J AU Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Separation of intact phosphatidylcholine molecular species by high performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; 1-ACYL-2-OLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; OLEOYL-12-HYDROXYLASE; HYDROPEROXIDES; QUANTITATION; SUBSTRATE; COLUMN; ACIDS AB Identification of the molecular species of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) is important for studies of lipid metabolism and the structure of cell membranes. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of the intact molecular species of PCs used earlier were mostly on reversed-phase C-18 (octadecyl silica) columns, usually with isocratic elution. The eluent used contained a silanol suppressing agent. Volatile silanol suppressing agents are preferred for the purification of PCs because they can be removed from the HPLC fractions easily by nitrogen stream. They must be used when liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) are used because non-volatile silanol suppressing agents cause high background. For the identification of radioactive metabolites, using both the UV detector at 205 nm and radioactivity flow detector sequentially, we recommend the separation on a C-8 (octyl silica) column, eluted with a gradient of methanol-water containing conc. NH4OH as silanol suppressing agent. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 EI 1520-572X J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 813 EP 829 DI 10.1081/JLC-100101491 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 304PK UT WOS:000086492500001 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Avery, MI Cummings, JL Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Avery, MI Cummings, JL Johnston, JJ TI Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of anthraquinone residues in weathered and unweathered formulated rice seed and surface water in rice fields SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID PULPING LIQUOR; SODA AB Anthraquinone was extracted from weathered and non-weathered formulated rice seed and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Anthraquinone was quantified by UV absorbance at 325 nm. Recovery data were determined by analyzing anthraquinone fortified control rice seed. The mean recovery of anthraquinone in rice seed was 99.3 +/- 0.5% for the range of 0.050 to 1.00% anthraquinone. Anthraquinone residues in surface water samples from rice fields were determined by direct injection of filtered samples into a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph and quantified by UV absorbance at 254 nm. Recovery data were produced by analyzing anthraquinone fortified control surface water samples from rice fields. The mean recovery of anthraquinone in surface water samples was 97.0 +/- 2.4% for the range of 8.0 to 400 ng/mL anthraquinone. C1 APHIS, Analyt Chem Project, USDA, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, Florida Field Stn, USDA, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. APHIS, Bird Res Program, USDA, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), APHIS, Analyt Chem Project, USDA, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 15 BP 2399 EP 2411 DI 10.1081/JLC-100100497 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 358BZ UT WOS:000089538500012 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Bonnette, SG AF Hadsell, DL Bonnette, SG TI IGF and insulin action in the mammary gland: Lessons from transgenic and knockout models SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE insulin; transgenic; knockout; mammary; IGF ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEINS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; BREAST-CANCER; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMED PHENOTYPE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR OVEREXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; LACTATING GOATS AB Transgenic and knockout mice have become valuable experimental systems with which to study specific molecular events within the mammary gland of an intact animal. These models have provided a wealth of information about the effects of a number of oncogenes and growth Factors. This review focuses on results obtained From the application of transgenic and knockout models to determine the roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (ICF)(3) in the regulation of mammary gland development, lactation and tumorigenesis. Transgenic models which overexpress IGF-I or -II display specific alterations in mammary gland development and an increased incidence of mammary tumors. Analysis of mammary gland development in knockout mice which are deficient in IGF-I or the IGF-I receptor supports the conclusion that the IGF system is important for normal mammary gland development. This review discusses these observations in detail and attempts to Fit them into a larger picture of IGF and insulin action in the mammary gland. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hadsell, DL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St,Rm 10072, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52197-01] NR 72 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD JAN PY 2000 VL 5 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1023/A:1009559014703 PG 12 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 311EM UT WOS:000086871800003 PM 10791765 ER PT J AU Akers, RM McFadden, TB Purup, S Vestergaard, M Sejrsen, K Capuco, AV AF Akers, RM McFadden, TB Purup, S Vestergaard, M Sejrsen, K Capuco, AV TI Local IGF-I axis in peripubertal ruminant mammary development SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE bovine; ruminant; IGF; mammary; paracrine; growth factors ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; EXOGENOUS BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PREPUBERTAL HEIFERS; HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; LACTOGENIC HORMONES; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; UNSATURATED FAT; INDUCED IGFBP-3; DAIRY HEIFERS AB The regulation of mammary growth and development in heifers is accomplished by complex interactions of hormones, growth factors, and extracellular matrix molecules. Many of these growth stimulators are believed to be locally produced in the mammary gland and to be affected by developmental and nutritional status. Although estrogen and growth hormone are considered critical to pubertal mammogenesis, results summarized in this review suggest that IGF-I-6 and IGF binding proteins are especially important locally-produced growth regulators in peripubertal ruminants. This assertion is supported by studies of ovariectomized heifers, in which increased stromal IGFBP-3 and reduced IGF-I correspond with a failure of udder development. Similarly, reduced mammary development with overfeeding coincides with reduced mitogenic activity of mammary tissue extracts and altered concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBPs. In vitro studies convincingly demonstrate that much of the mitogenic activity of mammary extracts or serum can be attributed to IGF-I and that alterations in IGFBP-3 modulate its effectiveness. Thus by analogy to second messenger mechanisms of action for protein hormones, focal mammary-derived growth factors likely explain many of the effects attributed to the classic mammogenic hormones. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Foulum, Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Nutr & Physiol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Akers, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, 2080 Litton Reaves Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Vestergaard, Mogens/F-1922-2014 NR 52 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD JAN PY 2000 VL 5 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1023/A:1009563115612 PG 9 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 311EM UT WOS:000086871800005 PM 10791767 ER PT J AU Bram, RA George, JE AF Bram, RA George, JE TI Introduction of nonindigenous arthropod pests of animals SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonindigenous arthropods; arthropod pest introductions; arthropod-borne diseases ID AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM ACARI; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; ERADICATION PROGRAM; DIPTERA; HEARTWATER; IXODIDAE; CALLIPHORIDAE; TRANSMISSION; AMERICA AB A variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the United States. The most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wildlife transport hosts, and accidental introductions on animals legally imported through United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine facilities. Examples of the establishment and subsequent eradication of exotic pests of livestock are presented to illustrate the critical role of the USDA in protecting American agriculture with particular emphasis on the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), the cattle tick, B. annulatus (Say), and the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Priority group rating of nonindigenous arthropod pests and disease vectors are discussed. Although the primary responsibility for preventing the introduction and establishment of arthropods that affect livestock and poultry rests on the shoulders of USDA professionals, insect surveys by extension entomologists along with observations by research specialists and producers are also important in detecting exotic arthropod species. Animal health professionals from all sectors of the livestock and poultry industries may well be the first line of defense from the introduction of nonindigenous arthropods and the diseases they transmit. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP George, JE (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.1 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RB UT WOS:000089624900002 PM 15218899 ER PT J AU Schmidtmann, ET Bobian, RJ Belden, RP AF Schmidtmann, ET Bobian, RJ Belden, RP TI Soil chemistries define aquatic habitats with immature populations of the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biting midges; soil chemistry; vector distribution; aquatic insects; aquatic ecology ID LARVAL CULICOIDES; CALIFORNIA; SALINITY; STATES AB Aquatic habitats with immature populations of the Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) complex were sampled across the United States and tested for soil chemistry parameters. Indicators of organic loading, phosphate, percentage of organic matter, and nitrate were high for C. variipennis and C. sonorensis, reflecting the common occurrence of larvae in sediments contaminated with livestock waste; these factors were low in western playa lake habitats with immature C. occidentalis. Levels of salt-forming ions and indicators of salinity, notably sodium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate, boron, and conductivity, were elevated in substrates supporting all 3 species, with values that declined from very high to high across the arid west to moderate east of the Mississippi river, and differed significantly among species. Concentrations of boron differed most strongly among habitats of the respective species, ranging from exceptionally high values in playa lake substrates with C. occidentalis, to high and moderate levels in western and southeastern sites with C. sonorensis, to moderate levels for substrates in the east with C. variipennis. The presence of C. sonorensis in dairy wastewater lagoons and saline springs in geographic regions that are otherwise inhabited by C. variipennis may reflect salinity factors that regulate the distribution of the C. variipennis complex. C1 ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schmidtmann, ET (reprint author), ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.58 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RB UT WOS:000089624900011 PM 15218908 ER PT J AU Holbrook, FR Tabachnick, WJ Schmidtmann, ET McKinnon, CN Bobian, RJ Grogan, WL AF Holbrook, FR Tabachnick, WJ Schmidtmann, ET McKinnon, CN Bobian, RJ Grogan, WL TI Sympatry in the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae): a taxonomic reassessment SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides variipennis complex; systematic; biting midges; vectors; bluetongue ID BLUETONGUE-VIRUS; GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMATICS; SONORENSIS; CALIFORNIA; STATES; VECTOR AB We report sympatry among larval populations of the Culicoides variipennis complex in widespread and diverse aquatic habitats throughout the United States. Six sites in California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas were co-inhabited by C. v. occidentalis and C. v. sonorensis, whereas 8 sites in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland and Texas were co-occupied by C. v. sonorensis and C. v. variipennis. No intermediate forms were identified either electrophoretically or morphologically in adults reared from field-collected larvae and pupae. The absence of intergrades in zones of sympatry represents sufficient evidence to confirm species status for Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) and Culicoides occidentalis Wirth & Jones, and to elevate Culicoides sonorensis to species rank (NEW STATUS). Culicoides v. albertensis Wirth & Jones is a synonym of C. sonorensis (NEW SYNONYMY); C. v. australis Wirth & Jones also is confirmed as a synonym of C. sonorensis. We also demonstrated a correlation between population taxonomic status as determined by electrophoresis and adult morphology. C1 ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Holbrook, FR (reprint author), ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, POB 3965,Univ Stn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 35 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.65 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RB UT WOS:000089624900012 PM 15218909 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Debboun, M AF Klun, JA Debboun, M TI A new module for quantitative evaluation of repellent efficacy using human subjects SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles stephensi; 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine; 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine; N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; new module; repellents ID FIELD-EVALUATION; LABORATORY EVALUATION; ARTHROPOD REPELLENTS; 4 REPELLENTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; AI3-37220; ACARI; DEET AB A new module for quantitative evaluation of arthropod repellents in human subjects was designed, constructed and protocols for use of the module were developed. Doses of 3 arthropod repellents, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-yrcarbonyl] piperidine (AI3-35765), 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), were evaluated using the mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston. Biting responses to varied doses of the repellents on human skin were quantified, and the effectiveness of the 3 repellents was compared. The new module consists of 6 test cells and permits the simultaneous comparison of up to 5 repellent doses or chemical types and a control using a complete randomized block design with minimal treatment interaction and with greater than or equal to 6 replicates per human subject. C1 ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.177 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RB UT WOS:000089624900027 PM 15218924 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Ma, D Gupta, R AF Klun, JA Ma, D Gupta, R TI Optically active arthropod repellents for use against disease vectors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles stephensi; 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine; 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine; stereoisomers; repellents ID FIELD-EVALUATION; LABORATORY EVALUATION; AI3-37220; DIPTERA; DEET; CULICIDAE; CIC-4; ACARI AB Optically inactive 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine are repellents against blood-feeding arthropods. Pure stereoisomers of these compounds were synthesized. and characterized for use in bioassays. Initial laboratory tests with the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Listen showed that this species was repelled differentially by the stereoisomers of 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine. Two stereoisomers were twice as repellent as the other stereoisomers. These results indicate that stereoisomerism influences repellent efficacy in this class of compounds. C1 ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.182 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RB UT WOS:000089624900028 PM 15218925 ER PT J AU Rimler, RB AF Rimler, RB TI Restriction endonuclease analysis using HhaI and HpaII to discriminate among group B Pasteurella multocida associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; SEROGROUP-B; SEROTYPES; STRAINS; SWINE AB The purpose of this study was to improve and standardise restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) for discriminating isolates of serogroup B Pasteurella multocida associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia in wild and domestic animals and to create a reference database that can be used for epidemiological studies. Two techniques for extraction and isolation of chromosomal DNA were compared, a DNAzol (R) method and an enzymic lysis followed by a two-phase partition method. No differences were observed between DNA fingerprint profiles with either technique; however, the former technique was faster and easier to perform. P. multocida isolated from different animals in different countries representing serotypes B:2, B:3, B:3,4 and B:4 were subjected to REA with HhaI and HpaII endonucleases. Forty-eight fingerprint profiles were distinguished among 222 isolates when only HhaI was used. By combining the data from REA with HhaI and HpaII used separately, 88 different groups could be distinguished among the same isolates, Following digestion with HhaI and electrophoresis, the DNA of all serotype B:2 isolates produced fingerprint profiles characterised by two trailing bands at similar to 8.4-7.1 kb which have not been observed in any other serotypes of P. multocida. Passage of three serotype B:2 isolates on laboratory media or two serotype B:2 isolates through mice did not result in a change of DNA fingerprint profile detectable by REA. The findings with 59 isolates from Sri Lanka showed that REA was highly discriminative in determining the genetic diversity of serotype B:2 P. multocida in an area where haemorrhagic septicaemia is endemic. C1 ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rimler, RB (reprint author), ARS, Avian & Swine Resp Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 271RC UT WOS:000084606400009 PM 10628829 ER PT J AU Bernier, UR Bray, CL Yost, RA AF Bernier, UR Bray, CL Yost, RA TI Effect of vacuum on the performance of the flame ionization detector used for vacuum-outlet gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE vacuum-outlet GC; GC-FID; high-speed GC ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY SYSTEMS; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; DETECTION LIMITS; INCREASED SPEED; INLET SYSTEM; OPERATION; PRESSURES AB Vacuum-outlet operation of short fused-silica open tubular columns for gas chromatography provides benefits to analysis speed by increasing the optimum velocity while minimizing the loss in resolution. Vacuum-outlet operation of a column with a gas chromatographic detector necessitates that the detector also be under vacuum. Simple modifications were made to a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for vacuum-inlet and vacuum-outlet operation. The vacuum-inlet system was operated in the splitless mode to allow for efficient sample loading prior to operation at reduced pressures. The goal of FID operation at 100 torr or less was achieved by using oxygen in place of air and optimizing the gas flows under vacuum to maintain a stable flame at pressures as low as 46 torr. An outlet pressure of 85 torr with optimized gas flows allowed for routine operation of the FID without solvent flame-out. It was discovered that the sensitivity is enhanced compared to atmospheric operation over a range of outlet pressures from approximately 200 to 400 torr; however, operation of the FID at the lowest possible pressures decreases the analytical sensitivity due to both the outlet pressure and the absence of helium makeup gas, (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 226 EP 235 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 299NY UT WOS:000086205800006 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Barton, FE Windham, WR AF Kays, SE Barton, FE Windham, WR TI Predicting protein content by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in diverse cereal food products SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared; chemometrics; cereal; nitrogen; protein ID TOTAL DIETARY FIBER; SPECTRA; WHEAT AB Simultaneous determination of constituents (e.g. dietary fibre, protein, fat) by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy would increase the speed and efficiency of nutrient analysis while substantially reducing the cost. Previous work has described the development of NIR reflectance models for the prediction of dietary fibre in a diverse group of cereal food products. While NIR spectroscopy has been used to measure protein content in cereal samples comprised of a single grain type, the utility of the NIR technique would be greatly improved if it could be expanded to cereal products derived from a diverse cross-section of grains and formulations, The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of protein in a data set that included products with numerous grains, such as wheat, oats, rice, rye, corn, millet, buckwheat and with a wide range of fat, sugar and fibre contents. In addition, numerous processing techniques and food additives were represented in the data set. Nitrogen content of dry-milled cereal products was measured by combustion analysis (AOAC Method 992.23) and the range in nitrogen values was from 0.65 to 3.31% of dry weight. Milled cereal products were scanned from 1100 to 2500nm with a scanning monochromator, A nitrogen calibration was developed, using a commercial analysis program, with modified partial least squares as the regression method. The standard error of cross validation and R-2 for nitrogen (n = 147 calibration samples) were 0.090% and 0.973, respectively. Independent validation samples (n = 72) were predicted with a standard error of performance of 0.079% nitrogen and r(2) of 0.984. Because of the diversity of grains in the data set, crude protein was calculated using two nitrogen-to-protein conversion methods and two PLS models were developed for the prediction of crude protein. Crude protein was predicted with a similar precision to nitrogen and the results for both protein models are within the precision required for US nutrition labelling legislation. In conclusion, NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used for rapid and accurate prediction of nitrogen and crude protein content in a heterogeneous group of cereal products comprised of a wide cross-section of grains and formulations. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd,POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 282GY UT WOS:000085210900005 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JS AF Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JS TI Determination of ammonium-N, moisture, total C and total N in dairy manures using a near infrared fibre-optic spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared; visible; fibre-optics; manure; carbon; nitrogen; ammonium-N AB The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using near infrared (400 to 2498 nm or sub-regions thereof) fibre-optic-based spectroscopy to estimate nutrient concentrations in dairy manures, One hundred and seven diverse manures, collected from dairy farms in the north-eastern United States (CT, MD, NY, PA, VA) mere assayed by conventional means and spectroscopically for total C and N, ammonium-N and moisture. Samples were scanned (64 coadded scans) on a Foss-NIRSytems Model 6500 scanning monochromator equipped with a fibre-optic probe from 400 to 2498 nm, and on an Ocean Optics model S2000 CCD, fibre-optic probe spectrometer from 430 to 1100 nm (1000 scans/sample, integration time of 41 ms), Calibrations were developed using the one-out cross-validation procedure using Partial Least Squares Regression, Results demonstrated the following: 1) calibrations for ammonium-N, moisture and total C and N can be developed, but are not as accurate as those previously developed using a large sample cell (approximately 38x200 mm) and vertical cell transport device (non-fibre-optic); 2) limitations thigh noise in the 2000-2498 nm region) in the spectra produced by fibre-optic bundles are at least partially responsible for the reduced accuracy found with fibre-optic systems when compared to non-fibre-optic means of sample presentation; 3) spectra produced by fibre-optic systems appear to be more spectrally diverse than those for non-fibre-optic systems; 4) while determinations based on spectra covering the region from 400 to 2300 nm appear to be a viable alternative to manure Quick Tests already on the market, those using only the 400 to 1098 nm region are not; and 5) further work with larger data sets is needed to better determine the feasibility, limitations and requirements for developing accurate and robust calibrations for manure constituents using fibre-optic based spectrometers, regardless of the spectral region used. C1 ARS, USDA, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Bldg 163-F,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 361GZ UT WOS:000089716500001 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Meisinger, JJ AF Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Meisinger, JJ TI Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of biological activity in agricultural soils SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared; NIR; soils; biological activity ID NITROGEN AB The objective of this work was to investigate the usefulness of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in determining biological activity in agricultural soils. A Foss-NIRSystems model 6500 spectrometer, equipped with a spinning sample cup module, was used to scan 179 soil samples obtained from experimental plots at two locations with three replicate plots under plough and no-till practices at each location with three rates of NH,NO, for each plot with samples taken from five depths for a total of 180 samples (one sample lost). Biological activity as measured by four enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase and urease) and nitrification potential was determined by conventional methods and NIR reflectance spectroscopy, Investigations showed NIR reflectance spectroscopy to be capable of determining biological activity as reflected by the four enzymes and nitrification potential to at least some degree. With the best R-2 in the range of 0.8, the results, while positive, were not as good as found previously for many other components (i.e. total C and N) in the same sample set, Efforts at simple discrimination into high, medium and low activities were not successful, and for the most part, calibrations based on subsets, such as samples from only one location, were not found to be an improvement. Correlation analysis indicated that measures of biologically-active nitrogen might be the basis for these determinations, Finally, while further research will be needed to define clearly the basis for, limitations to and usefulness of NIR reflectance spectroscopy in determining biological activity in soil samples, the results presented indicated that NIR reflectance spectroscopy might be useful for the rapid determination of such activity in cases where extreme accuracy is not required, such as spatial mapping. C1 ARS, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Environm Chem Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 361GZ UT WOS:000089716500002 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Shenk, JS Westerhaus, MO Funk, DB AF Barton, FE Shenk, JS Westerhaus, MO Funk, DB TI The development of near infrared wheat quality models by locally weighted regressions SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared; NIR; chemometrics ID SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTS; SCATTER CORRECTION; STANDARDIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB A large data base of near infrared and protein data was used to examine the utility of a data base regression technique know as LOCAL in the ISI International software package. A total of 2203 samples of wheat from five classes with protein values by combustion analysis comprised the data base. One half of the samples came from hard red spring and hard red winter wheats, The number of samples in the individual classes ranged from 235 for Durum to 694 for hard red spring. These samples were collected over a five year period and represented wheat in commercial trade. Calibrations mere determined for each class, the entire data base as a "global" calibration, a data base regression which selected appropriate samples for a unique calibration for each sample and the standard equations of MR spectroscopy regulatory analysis. Results will be reported which show data base regression technique to be as good as specific calibrations by partial least squares regression for sub-classes of products and precise enough for use for regulatory purposes. The use of this data base regression technique over normal learning sets has other advantages, such as easier calibration update, easier transferability and the possibility to include authentication and classification as part of the model. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fed Grain Inspect Serv, USDA, Frain Inspect Packers & Stockyard Adm, Tech Serv Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 361GZ UT WOS:000089716500006 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Broce, AB Xie, F Throne, JE Baker, JE AF Dowell, FE Broce, AB Xie, F Throne, JE Baker, JE TI Detection of parasitised fly puparia using near infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NIR; near infrared; spectroscopy; partial least squares regression; insects; flies; parasitoids; biological control; puparia ID INTERNAL INSECT INFESTATION; HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STABLE FLY; MUSCIDAE; PTEROMALIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; DAIRIES; WHEAT AB Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to identify house fly (Musca domestica L,.) puparia that contained viable parasitoids. Results derived from a partial least squares analysis of NIR spectra showed that about 80-90% of puparia containing parasitoids could be identified correctly. Difference spectra and beta coefficients indicated that absorption differences between parasitised and unparasitised puparia may have been due to moisture content and/or differences in composition of chitin or lipid components. Detection of viable hymenopterous parasitoids within puparia could assist commercial insectaries in delivering known quantities of parasitised puparia for biological control of house flies and other filth flies and in rapidly determining levels of parasitisation of these flies in confined livestock and poultry operations. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 392QX UT WOS:000166424100005 ER PT J AU Jiang, RH Chang, XY Stoll, B Fan, MZ Arthington, J Weaver, E Campbell, J Burrin, DG AF Jiang, RH Chang, XY Stoll, B Fan, MZ Arthington, J Weaver, E Campbell, J Burrin, DG TI Dietary plasma protein reduces small intestinal growth and lamina propria cell density in early weaned pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE immunoglobulins; urea; growth; amino acid catabolism; weanling pigs ID DRIED PORCINE PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; DIARRHEA; MEAL; MILK; AGE AB We quantified the effects of a diet containing animal plasma protein on small intestinal growth and mucosal morphology in early weaned pigs. Ninety-six pigs [14 d old, 4 kg body weight (BW)] were assigned in groups of 32 to three dietary treatments as follows: 1) free access to control diet (C), 2) free access to plasma protein diet (P), and 3) plasma protein, pair-fed to C (PPF), Eight pigs from each group were killed at 2, 4, 8 or 16 d. Over a 16-d period, weight gain in the P group was 43% greater (P < 0.05) than that in C pigs; weight gain was similar in C and PPF groups. Protein intake in the P group was 33% higher (P < 0.05) than that in the PPF group; no significant difference was observed between the C and P groups. Dietary protein conversion efficiencies in both the P and PPF groups were similar to 18% greater (P < 0.05) than those in the C group. Intestinal masses in the three groups did not differ at 2, 4 and 8 d, By 16 d, the jejunal and ileal protein and DNA masses (mg/kg BW) in both the P and PPF groups were lower than those in the C group (P < 0.05). Dietary plasma protein did not affect crypt cell proliferation, crypt depth or villous height in either the jejunum or ileum. However, the intravillous lamina propria cell density in the jejunum was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in P and PPF pigs than in C pigs. Plasma urea concentrations were also 40 and 42% lower (P < 0.05) in the P and PPF groups, respectively, than in the C group. Our results indicate that dietary plasma protein reduces the cellularity of the lamina propria, but not epithelial cell surface of the small intestine. Feeding plasma protein also increased the efficiency of dietary protein utilization, in part, by decreasing amino acid catabolism. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. LG Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Amer Prot Corp, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 130 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 273ZY UT WOS:000084740300004 PM 10613760 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE Wiedenfeld, RP Irvine, JE AF Lingle, SE Wiedenfeld, RP Irvine, JE TI Sugarcane response to saline irrigation water SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SALT TOLERANCE; MECHANISMS; POTASSIUM; SODIUM AB Salinity of irrigation water reduces yield and juice quality in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), but cultivars vary in the degree of reduction. Genotypes which accumulate more potassium (K+) may be more resistant to salinity than genotypes that accumulate less K+. We examined the effect of irrigation water salinity on yield and juice quality in a cultivar with high conductivity, high K+ juice, 'NCo310', and a cultivar with low conductivity, low-K+ juice, 'TCP 87-3388'. Plants were grown in lysimeters containing 793 L of soil and irrigated with water of 0.01, 1.25, 2.93, or 4.70 dS m(-1). Quality and component analyses were conducted on the juice of single stalks subdivided by length, and the juice from whole stalks. The two cultivars responded similarly to increased salinity, although juice of NCo310 had a higher mineral concentration, especially K+ and Cl-. Yield and most quality components were not significantly reduced by 1.25 dS m(-1) water. The 2.93 and 4.70 dS m(-1) treatments reduced stalk height and weight but not stalk numbers. The reduction in stalk height was due to decreases in number of internodes per stalk and mean internode length. Increasing salinity reduced total soluble solids and sucrose in juice, but increased Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2 and Cl-. Within a stalk, sucrose increased from top to bottom, while K+ decreased. Sodium concentrations were sharply higher in the lowest section, especially in plants irrigated with saline water. Chloride concentration was approximately equal in all sections. An increase in K+ accumulation did not appear to increase the salt tolerance of NCo310. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 469 EP 486 DI 10.1080/01904160009382033 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 297RE UT WOS:000086095800005 ER PT J AU Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ AF Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ TI Effect of water stress on aluminum toxicity in pitch pine seedlings SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID 2 BARLEY CULTIVARS; PICEA-ABIES; GROWTH; SYLVESTRIS; SORGHUM; PLANTS; SOIL AB A decrease in soil water content during droughts may increase aluminum (Al) to concentrations that are toxic to the growth of trees. The effects of water stress (WS) on the response of ectomycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings to aluminum was determined by growing seedlings in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 5, or 10 mg L-1 Al. Water stress was imposed for 41 days by withholding nutrient solution for five consecutive days each week. At harvest time, seedlings at high WS had 72% of mean gravimetric water contents of seedlings at low WS. Aluminum decreased growth of seedlings at high WS, but had no effect on growth of seedlings at low WS. Aluminum toxicity symptoms in roots (e.g., dark thickened tips) were observed at lower Al levels at high WS than at low WS. Stem dry weight was the only plant part decreased by water stress alone. Across Al levels, Al concentration in roots was higher at low WS than at high WS. Water stress alone reduced root [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)] and foliar [P, K, and magnesium (Mg)] concentrations of mineral nutrients. Decreases of nutrients in roots with increasing Al was greater at low than at high WS. Calcium was the only foliar nutrient decreased by Al treatment. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Schier, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1080/01904160009382046 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 308NV UT WOS:000086720500006 ER PT J AU Raese, JT Drake, SR AF Raese, JT Drake, SR TI Effect of calcium sprays, lime of harvest, cold storage, and ripeness on fruit quality of 'Anjou' pears SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Calcium chloride (CaCl2), increased Ca concentrations in fruit cortex and peel of 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.). Calcium sprays reduced the fruit disorders: brown core, cork spot and superficial scald. Fruit size (weight) increased while fruit Ca concentrations decreased with fruit at the later harvest dates. The earliest harvest date was associated with a lower incidence of fruit disorders. Superficial scald increased in fruit held longer in cold storage and in ripened fruit. Shelf-life and fruit quality of Ca-sprayed fruit was improved due to higher Ca concentrations in fruit peel and cortex resulting in overall enhancement of fruit appearance, and in improvement in the control of the incidences of cork spot, scald, brown core, and external and internal rots, and in amelioration of fruit juiciness and fruit color. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 843 EP 853 DI 10.1080/01904160009382065 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 326JD UT WOS:000087731000013 ER PT J AU Clark, RB Zeto, SK AF Clark, RB Zeto, SK TI Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID ZEA-MAYS L; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; FUNGUS GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; LINUM-USITATISSIMUM L; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; HEAVY-METAL UPTAKE; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; VA MYCORRHIZA AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) benefit plants by allowing them to grow and produce in relatively harsh mineral stress environments. This has been attributed extensively to ability of AMF to expand the volume of soil for which mineral nutrients are made available to plants compared to what roots themselves would contact. This article reviews the effects of AMF on enhancing/reducing acquisition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), boron (B), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium(Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), copper(Cu), manganese (Mn), iron(Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon(Si), and some trace elements in plants. The nutrients enhanced most in host plants grown in many soils (e.g., high and low soil pH) are P, N, Zn, and Cu, but K, Ca, and Mg are enhanced when plants are grown in acidic soils. Many AMF have also the ability to ameliorate Al and Mn toxicities for plants are grown in acidic soil. C1 Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 212 TC 218 Z9 258 U1 5 U2 112 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 EI 1532-4087 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 7 BP 867 EP 902 DI 10.1080/01904160009382068 PG 36 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 326JF UT WOS:000087731200002 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Poss, JA AF Grieve, CM Poss, JA TI Wheat response to interactive effects of boron and salinity SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SALT-STRESSED WHEAT; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; GROWTH; BARLEY; YIELD AB In semiarid regions with irrigated agriculture, excess boron (B) often occurs in association with moderate to high salinity. However, little information is available on plant uptake of B under saline conditions. This greenhouse study was conducted to determine the interactive effects of salinity and varying concentrations of boron on growth, yield and ion relations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. 'Yecora Rojo'). Plants were grown in sand cultures that were irrigated four times daily with modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Sixteen treatments were initiated 4 d after planting in a completely randomized factorial experiment with 4 salinity levels (electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters = 1.5, 4, 8, and 12 dS m(-1)) and 4 B concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1). Salinizing salts were NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 molar basis). Symptoms of B toxicity were closely correlated with B concentration in the leaves and injury became severe when leaf-B exceeded 400 mg kg(-1). At each concentration of external B, shoot-B was least under nonsaline conditions and increased significantly as salinity increased. Shoot-calcium (Ca) concentration increased with increasing salinity, but was unaffected by applied B. Shoot-magnesium (Mg), and potassium (-K) decreased significantly in response to increases in salinity and substrate B. Salinity and B as well as their combined effects significantly reduced wheat biomass production, yield components, and final grain yield. C1 ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1226 DI 10.1080/01904160009382095 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 356LL UT WOS:000089444700002 ER PT J AU Alloush, GAZ Zeto, SK Clark, RB AF Alloush, GAZ Zeto, SK Clark, RB TI Phosphorus source, organic matter, and arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on growth and mineral acquisition of chickpea grown in acidic soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; ROOT COLONIZATION; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; ROCK PHOSPHATE; ALKALINE SOIL; PLANT-GROWTH; FUNGI; INOCULATION; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Plants grown in acidic soil usually require relatively high amounts of available phosphorus (P) to optimize growth and productivity, and sources of available P are often added to meet these requirements. Phosphorus may also be made available at relatively high rates in native soil when roots are colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF). Addition of P to soil usually reduces root-AMF colonization and decreases beneficial effects of AMF to plants. In glasshouse experiments, soil treatments of P [0 P (Control), 50 mg soluble-P kg(-1) as KH(2)PO(4) (SP), and 200 mg P kg(-1) as phosphate rock (PR)], organic matter (OM) at 12.5 g kg(-1), AMF (Glomus clarum), and various combinations of these (OM+SP, OM+PR, AMF+SP, AMF+PR, AMF+OM, AMF+OM+SP, and AMF+OM+PR) were added to steam treated acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult, pH(W) = 5.8) to determine treatment effects on growth and mineral acquisition by chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.), The various treatment applications increased shoot dry matter (DM) above the Control, but not root DM. Percentage AMF-root colonization increased 2-fold or more when mycorrhizal plants were grown with AMF, OM+SP, and OM+PR. Regardless of P source, plant acquisition of P, sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) was enhanced compared to the Control, and mineral enhancement was greater in PR compared to SP plants. Mycorrhizal plants also had enhanced acquisition of macronutrients. OM+SP and OM+PR enhanced acquisition of P, K, and Mg, but not Ca. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Al were generally lower than Controls in SP, RP, AMF+PR, AMF+SP, and OM plants, and mycorrhizal plants especially had enhanced micronutrients. Relative agronomic effectiveness values for shoot DM and shoot P, Ca, and Mg contents were considerably higher for PR, including OM+PR AMF+PR, and AMF+OM+PR, than for SP. PR and OM applications to AMF plants are low-cost attractive and ecologically sound alternatives to intensive use of P fertilizers for crops grown in acidic soils. C1 ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Alloush, GAZ (reprint author), Tishreen Univ, Dept Soil Sci & Land Reclamat, Latakia, Syria. EM galloush@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1351 EP 1369 DI 10.1080/01904160009382105 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 356LL UT WOS:000089444700012 ER PT J AU Raese, JT Drake, SR AF Raese, JT Drake, SR TI Effect of calcium spray materials, rate, time of spray application, and rootstocks on fruit quality of 'Red' and 'Golden delicious' apples SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PEAR TREES; FERTILIZERS; DISORDERS; NITROGEN; YIELD AB Calcium (Ca) spray materials improved fruit quality as measured by control of bitter pit, fruit finish (appearance), increased red skin color, reduced incidence of scald, increased juiciness, texture, and fruit firmness of 'Red' and 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.). Concentrations of Ca in leaf and fruit tissues were increased by Ca sprays, especially calcium chloride (CaCl2)-containing spray materials. Improved fruit firmness and control of bitter pit occurred for either standard recommended or high rates of Ca spray materials. At high rates of application, the only significant difference that occurred between early and late applications of Ca spray materials was that less leaf injury occurred with the early applications. Unsprayed 'Red Delicious' fruit from M.7 rootstocks had greater fruit peel Ca concentrations and a lower incidence of bitter pit but smaller fruit than fruit from trees on M.26 rootstocks. The above information is strong evidence that Ca sprays are important for the improvement of apple quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1435 EP 1447 DI 10.1080/01904160009382113 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369ZV UT WOS:000165098400006 ER PT J AU Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ AF Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ TI Effect of manganese on endomycorrhizal sugar maple seedlings SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ACER-SACCHARUM; GROWTH; PLANTS; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; NUTRITION; REDUCTION; TOXICITY; CALCIUM AB Manganese (Mn) toxicity may play an important role in the poor survival of seedlings in declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands in northern Pennsylvania. To determine the effect of Mn on the growth of sugar maple seedlings, I-year-old seedlings inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and growing in sand-vermiculite-peat moss medium were irrigated for 7 weeks with nutrient solution (pH 5) containing 0.1 (control), 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg L-1 Mn. Total seedling dry weight was negatively correlated with Mn, becoming significantly different than the control at 2 mg L-1 Mn. Stem and root dry weight were reduced by lower Mn levels than leaf dry weight. Manganese had no effect on the root/shoot ratio. The concentration of Mn in roots and leaves increased as the level of Mn in the nutrient solution increased, with the concentration in the leaves 2.2- to 3.7-fold greater than the concentration in the roots. Except for a reduction of P in the roots, Mn had little effect on the concentration of nutrient elements in the roots or leaves. Colonization of the roots by VAM fungi was increased by Mn, with a maximum percentage at 4 mg L-1 Mn. Manganese toxicity symptoms in the leaves, small discrete chlorotic spots, began to appear at 1 mg L-1 Mn. The sensitivity of sugar maple seedlings to Mn found in this study supports the hypothesis that Mn may affect regeneration in declining sugar maple stands. However, evaluation of the effects of Mn on seedlings in native soils under field conditions will be necessary before the role of Mn in sugar maple regeneration can be understood. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Schier, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1533 EP 1545 DI 10.1080/01904160009382120 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369ZV UT WOS:000165098400013 ER PT J AU Lin, SF Baumer, J Ivers, D Cianzio, S Shoemaker, R AF Lin, SF Baumer, J Ivers, D Cianzio, S Shoemaker, R TI Nutrient solution screening of Fe chlorosis resistance in soybean evaluated by molecular characterization SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY JUL 20-25, 1997 CL UNIV HOHENHEIM, STUTTGART, GERMANY HO UNIV HOHENHEIM ID IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; LOCI; REGISTRATION; BICARBONATE; STRATEGIES AB Nutrient solution systems have been considered an alternative method to field evaluations for studies of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and for breeding soybeans with improved iron efficiency. To map genes controlling IDC in nutrient solution, 120 F-24 lines in a Pride B216 x A15 population, and 92 F-24 lines in an Anoka x A7 population were grown in nutrient solution in greenhouse plantings and evaluated for IDC by visual scores and determinations of chlorophyll concentrations. Eighty-nine restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the Pride B216 x A15 population, and 82 RFLP, 14 SSR and one morphological (hilum color) markers in the Anoka x A7 population were used to construct linkage maps and to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling IDC. In the Anoka x A7 population, one major gene on linkage group N, and modifying QTL on linkage groups Al and I previously mapped during field tests also were identified in the nutrient solution test. Different genetic linkage groups in soybean have been identified by letters, and as such will be used throughout the paper. One newly identified QTL was mapped on linkage group B2. In the Pride B216 x A15 population, one QTL previously mapped on linkage group I during field tests was not identified in the nutrient solution test, and two newly identified QTL were mapped on linkage groups A2 and B1. QTL on linkage groups B2, G, H, L, and N were identified in both field and nutrient solution tests. Due to significant interaction between genotype and environment in both field and nutrient solution tests, QTL identifications from multiple environments were used to compare the similarity between field and nutrient solution tests. We concluded that similar QTL are identified in nutrient solution and field tests and therefore, both systems identify similar genetic mechanisms of iron uptake and/or utilization. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Land Lakes Inc, Webster City, IA 50595 USA. RP Cianzio, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Lin, Shun-Fu/0000-0002-4358-5024 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 11-12 BP 1915 EP 1928 DI 10.1080/01904160009382153 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 394AA UT WOS:000166500800032 ER PT J AU Lin, SF Grant, D Cianzio, S Shoemaker, R AF Lin, SF Grant, D Cianzio, S Shoemaker, R TI Molecular characterization of iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY JUL 20-25, 1997 CL UNIV HOHENHEIM, STUTTGART, GERMANY HO UNIV HOHENHEIM ID REGISTRATION; INTEGRATION; MARKERS; LOCI AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) of soybean occurs on calcareous soils when a cultivar is unable to utilize the iron (Fe) in the soil. The objectives of this study were to map gene(s) for Fe chlorosis resistance in two Glycine mm x G. maw populations, and to evaluate the use of marker-assisted selection in breeding for improved Fe chlorosis resistance in soybean. Chlorosis symptoms were evaluated by visual scores and spectrometric chlorophyll determinations at the V4 stage (third trifoliate leaf fully developed) in each of two years. Ninety restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the Pride B216 x A15 population, and 82 RFLP, 14 SSR and one morphological (hilum color) markers in the Anoka x A7 population were used to map quantitative trail loci (QTL) affecting IDC. In the Pride population, 120 random F-2 plants were used, 92 were used in the Anoka population. In the Pride population, QTL with minor effects were detected in three linkage groups for visual scores, and for chlorophyll concentration, for a total of five different linkage groups for both traits, indicating a polygene mechanisms for IDC. In the Anoka population, two QTL were each mapped for visual scores and chlorophyll concentration. One of the QTL had major effect and was mapped in the same interval of linkage group N using both visual scores and chlorophyll concentrations, verifying that one major gene is involved in segregation for IDC in this population. Different genetic linkage groups in soybean have been identified by letters, and as such will be used throughout the paper. Two QTL on linkage groups I and N were common to the Pride and Anoka populations and were considered for use in marker-assisted selection. A thorough analysis conducted in both populations, however, indicated the impossibility of using these markers for marker-assisted selection. In no cases were both of the QTL-flanking markers present in one population also present in the other population. On the basis of these results we concluded the markers identified in this study can not be used in marker-assisted selection because of a general lack of common markers between the two populations. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cianzio, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Lin, Shun-Fu/0000-0002-4358-5024 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 11-12 BP 1929 EP 1939 DI 10.1080/01904160009382154 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 394AA UT WOS:000166500800033 ER PT J AU Young, JA AF Young, JA TI Range research in the far western United States: the first generation SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE history; Forest Service; Experiment Stations; range; ecology AB The scientific study of rangelands in the western United States, started with the first collection of natural history specimens in the 18th century. Gradually over the 19th century, a basic catalog of the plants, animals, and geography of the far west was assembled. After the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) was organized, scientists were sent to the western ranges on fact-finding missions designed to assess the existing range livestock industry and its potential. At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, a few visionary scientist began to conduct actual experiments in rangeland environments. The Forest Service, USDA, was established in 1905, and what had been Forest Reserves from the U.S. Department of Interior (USDI) were transferred to the new agency. It was responsible for sustainable timber product and watershed management on millions of acres of wild lands. The Forest Service soon discovered that livestock grazed on four-fifths of the National Forest land and it was estimated that 85% of these rangelands were over-grazed and subject to accelerated erosion. The Forest Service started preliminary research on rangelands in 1907 and formally started an Office of Grazing Studies in 1910. Beginning with the Great Basin Experiment Station in 1912, a series of stations were developed by the Forest Service. As agricultural experiment stations developed at Land Grant colleges in the western states, state sponsored research on rangelands increased in importance. C1 ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.2307/4003385 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800001 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Graham, D Duff, G Stegelmeier, BL James, LF AF Ralphs, MH Graham, D Duff, G Stegelmeier, BL James, LF TI Impact of locoweed poisoning on grazing steer weight gains SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE poisonous plant; white locoweed; Oxytropis sericea; cattle grazing ID SWAINSONINE; CATTLE; CASTANOSPERMINE; SHEEP AB Emaciation is one of the clinical signs of locoweed poisoning but few studies have documented impacts of locoweed poisoning on weight gains. Stocker steers (British x Continental cross, 200-210 kg) were grazed on locoweed-infested, short-grass prairie in 1996 and 1997 in northeast New Mexico. Each year, half the steers were averted to locoweed to allow them to graze locoweed-infested pastures without eating locoweed. They did not graze locoweed and steadily gained weight (0.50 kg/day in 1996 and 0.71 kg/day in 1997), The other group of steers were allowed to graze locoweed under natural grazing conditions and became intoxicated. Weight gains were not affected for the first 3 weeks, but thereafter the steers lost weight in both years. In 1996, non-averted steers consumed locoweed for a season average of 20% of bites. They were severely intoxicated and did not begin gaining weight for 50 days after they stopped eating locoweed, Steers in the 1997 trial consumed less locoweed (11% of bites) than those in 1996 and they recovered more rapidly. Seasonal weight gains were 21 to 30 kg less for locoed steers than control steers in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Locoweed poisoning will cause weight loss, and severely intoxicated cattle require a lengthy recover period after they cease grazing locoweed before weight gains resume. Stocker cattle should not be placed on locoweed-infested rangelands until green grass is abundant and locoweed begins to mature. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NMSU, Clayton Res Stn, Clayton, NM USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.2307/4003397 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800013 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Krueger, WC Bryant, LD Thomas, DR AF Clark, PE Krueger, WC Bryant, LD Thomas, DR TI Livestock grazing effects on forage quality of elk winter range SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agropyron spicatum; bluebunch wheatgrass; Carex geyeri; Cervus elaphus; elk sedge; Festuca idahoensis; forage conditioning; Idaho fescue; nutrition; phenology; reproductive culms ID BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; SPRING DEFOLIATION; AGROPYRON-SPICATUM; NUTRIENT QUALITY; CATTLE; GRASS AB Carefully-managed livestock grazing has been offered as a tool to improve the forage quality of graminoids on big game winter range. Formal testing of this theory has thus far been done using hand clippers rather than livestock grazing. We report winter standing reproductive culm, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and standing crop responses of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn, & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and elk sedge (Carex geyeri Boott) to late-spring domestic sheep grazing, The study was conducted in 1993 and 1994 on a big game winter range in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon, Sheep grazing and exclusion treatments were applied to 20-ha plots at 3 sites on the study area. Targeted utilization for grazed plots was 50% graminoid standing crop removal during the boot stage of bluebunch wheatgrass, Grazing did not influence the number of standing reproductive culms per plant in bluebunch wheatgrass. Crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility of bluebunch wheatgrass in grazed plots increased by 1.0 and 4.3 percentage points, respectively, over ungrazed plots, Grazing reduced the standing crop of bluebunch wheatgrass by 116.9 kg ha(-1) DM, Standing Idaho fescue reproductive culms decreased by 0.7 culms plant(-1) under grazing. Crude protein of Idaho fescue in grazed plots was 1.3 percentage points greater than in ungrazed plots. Crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility responses of elk sedge were inconsistent between years and may be related to utilization or growth differences between years. The Levels of forage quality improvement in bluebunch wheatgrass and Idaho fescue obtained in this study could benefit the nutritional status of wintering Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni Bailey). More research is needed regarding the effects of grazing on the winter forage quality of elk sedge. C1 ARS, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.2307/4003399 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800015 ER PT J AU Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA AF Tracy, BF Sanderson, MA TI Seedbank diversity in grazing lands of the Northeast United States SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE management-intensive grazing; viable seed; above-ground vegetation; temperate grasslands ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; VIABLE SEEDS; BANK; GRASSLAND; PASTURES; PRAIRIE; WEEDS AB We evaluated the species composition of soil seed banks from 9 farms (36 pastures total) located in the northeast United States. Our objective was to quantify the soil seed bank composition of pastures managed for intensive grazing and hay production. Seeds from pasture soils were allowed to germinate in a greenhouse under natural light conditions. Seedlings were identified as they germinated, and the experiment was concluded after 4 months, Germinable seed was dominated by annual (40%) and perennial (23%) forbs most of which contributed little useful forage for cattle, Perennial grasses (11%), except for bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), were largely absent from the germinable seed bank, while legumes (19%) were more abundant. Seed bank species composition showed little similarity (44%) to the existing vegetation. Exceptions were bluegrass, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers). These species were abundant in both the germinable seed bank and existing vegetation on most pastures. Overall, our study suggests that seed banks in these northeast pastures support abundant white clover and bluegrass seed, both of which are important forages for cattle. Soil seed banks, however, will not supply a diverse assemblage of useful forages. If a manager seeks to establish diverse, mixed-species pasture, then re-seeding pastures with desired mixes may be the best option. C1 ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tracy, BF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.2307/4003401 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800017 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Miller, RF Svejcar, TJ AF Bates, JD Miller, RF Svejcar, TJ TI Understory dynamics in cut and uncut western juniper woodlands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE interference; water potential; nitrogen content; diversity; restoration; tree cutting ID OCCIDENTALIS; VEGETATION AB Expansion of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) woodlands in the sagebrush steppe has the potential to change composition, structure, and productivity of understory vegetation. Cutting of western juniper woodland can potentially restore understory productivity and diversity. Understory responses were assessed after cutting a juniper woodland in southeastern Oregon in 1991. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight, 0.8 ha sized blocks and 2 treatments, cut and uncut woodland. Understory cover, density, diversity, biomass, and nitrogen (N) status were compared between treatments after cutting. Plants were separated into 5 functional groups: bluegrass (Poa spp.), perennial bunchgrass, perennial forb, annual forb, and annual grass. Cutting of juniper reduced belowground interference for soil water and N. Leaf water potentials were less negative (P<0.01) and understory N concentration and biomass N were greater (P<0.05) in the cut versus woodland treatment. Cutting of juniper trees was effective in increasing total understory biomass, cover, and diversity. In the second year post-cutting total understory biomass and N uptake were nearly 9 times greater in cut versus woodland treatments. Perennial plant basal cover was 3 times greater and plant diversity was 1.6 times greater in the cut versus woodland treatments. In the cut, perennial bunchgrass density increased by 1 plant m(-2) in both duff and interspace zones and bluegrass increased by 3 plants m(-2) in interspaces. Plant succession was dominated by plants present on the site prior to juniper cutting suggesting that pre-treatment floristics may be useful in predicting early successional understory response. Early plant dynamics on this site supports the multiple entrance point model of succession as perennial grasses and bluegrass made up the majority of total herbaceous biomass and cover. C1 Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rangeland Resources, Burns, OR 97720 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Dept Rangeland Resources, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.2307/4003402 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800018 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Altier, LS Williams, RG Inamdar, SP Sheridan, JM Bosch, DD Hubbard, RK Thomas, DL AF Lowrance, R Altier, LS Williams, RG Inamdar, SP Sheridan, JM Bosch, DD Hubbard, RK Thomas, DL TI REMM: The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE BMP; buffer systems; ecosystem model; nonpoint source pollution; riparian zones; water quality ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; FOREST; MOISTURE; SYSTEMS; NITRATE AB Riparian buffer zones are effective in mitigating nonpoint source pollution and have been recommended as a best management practice (BMP). The Riparian Ecosystem Management model (REMM) has been developed for researchers and natural resource agencies as a modeling tool that can help quantify the water quality benefits of riparian buffers under varying site conditions. Processes simulated in REMM include surface and subsurface hydrology; sediment transport and deposition; carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport removal and cycling; and vegetation growth. Management options, such as vegetation type size of the buffer zone, and biomass harvesting also can be simulated. REMM can be used in conjunction with upland models, empirical data, or estimated loadings to examine scenarios of buffer zone design for a hillslope. Evaluation of REMM simulations with field observations shows generally good agreement between simulated and observed data for groundwater nitrate concentrations and water table depths in a mature riparian forest buffer. Sensitivity analysis showed that changes that influenced the water balance ol soil moisture storage affected the streamflow output. Parameter changes that influence either hydrology or rates of nutrient cycling affected total N transport and plant N uptake. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Chico, CA 95929 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI inamdar, shreeram/B-7433-2009 NR 41 TC 74 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 36 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700005 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Reule, CA Anderson, RL AF Halvorson, AD Reule, CA Anderson, RL TI Evaluation of management practices for converting grassland back to cropland SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE CRP conversion; cropland; crop rotation; corn; dryland; grassland; hay; nitrogen; tillage system; wheat ID GLYPHOSATE AB Minimum-till (MT) and no-till (NT) systems were evaluated for converting seeded grassland back to cropland. Nitrogen fertilization needs to optimize grain yields following grass and to optimize hay yields from the grassland were also evaluated. Tillage treatments - conventional till (CT), MT, and NT- were established on a Weld silt loam soil that had been seeded to grass about 30 yr following more than 30 yr of crop-fallow. Nitrogen treatments were 0, 45, and 30 kg N/hn (0, 40, and 80 lb N/a) applied to each crop in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow rotation or annually to grass plots. Residue cover at wheat planting averaged 18, 44, and 73% for CT; MT; and NT; respectively Soil water recharge was minimal between grass kill and wheat planting; however soil NO3-N increased 115, 63, and \54 kg N/ha (103, 62, and 48 lb N/ac) for CT, MT, and NT respectively. Wheat grain yields were greater with CT 2,685 kg/ha (40 bu/ac) and MT 2,558 kg/ha (38 bu/ac) than with NT 2,052 kg/ha (30.5 bu/ac). Lower wheat yields with NT resulted from lack of grass control Wheat yield responses to N varied with year and were dependent on available water supplies. Corn grain yields were low, [1,233, 2,063, and 1,564 kg/ha (19.7, 32.9, and 24.9 bu/ac) for CT; MT, and NT; respectively] due to limited growing season water. Average wheat 6,298 kg/ha (5,623 lb/ac) and corn 5,040 kg/ha (4,500 lb/ac) phytomass production exceeded that of the fertilized grass [1,529 kg/ha with 90 kg N/ha (1,365 lb/ac with 80 lb N/ac)]. Producers converting CRP grass to crop production can use MT and NT practices to maintain soil erosion control. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700009 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Mortensen, DA Doran, JW AF Williams, MM Mortensen, DA Doran, JW TI No-tillage soybean performance in cover crops for weed management in the western Corn Belt SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; canopy volume; crop residues; fitness; integrated weed management; no-tillage; soil moisture; soil temperature; weather variability ID TEMPERATURE; EMERGENCE; GROWTH; STRAW; MULCH; RYE AB Frequency of soil moisture depletion and subsequent crop yield reduction resulting from water use by cover crops is unclear. Effect of cover crop residues and irrigation on soybean emergence, canopy volume, grain yield, and soil moisture in eastern Nebraska were determined. Cover crop treatments included five common species and a bare soil control. Precipitation treatments included rainfed conditions and weekly irrigation events of 18 mm (0.7 in) in June and July. Above-normal May rainfall in 1995 and 1996 resulted in similar percent volumetric soil water contents (%VSWC) in the surface 15.2-cm (6.0-in) soil layer. Soybean emergence was unaffected by residue dry matter levels below 3,170 kg/ha (2,830 lb/ac). Early-season soybean growth was similar across all treatments; however cover crop biomass greater than 2,170 kg/ha (1,940 lb/ac) reduced soybean canopy volume 33 to 44% during mid-season droughts. Yields were highest when stand densities were maintained and weeds were suppressed. This research develops a greater understanding of how cover crop residues influence soybean performance, ultimately reducing reliance on postemergent herbicide use for weed control in no-tillage systems. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700012 ER PT J AU Groninger, JW Aust, WM Miwa, M Stanturf, JA AF Groninger, JW Aust, WM Miwa, M Stanturf, JA TI Growth predictions for tree species planted on marginal soybean lands in the Lower Mississippi Valley SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwoods; CRP; Glycine max.; Lower Mississippi Valley; marginal soybean lands; site index; soil survey; tree growth; tree planting; tree species-site relations ID REFORESTATION; FOREST AB The establishment of bottomland hardwood forest stands and riparian buffers on frequently-flooded soybean (Glycine max.) lands in the Lower Mississippi Valley represents a tremendous opportunity to provide both economic and environmental benefits to the region. Selecting appropriate sites for reesmblishing tree covet; accurately predicting the productivity of planted trees and optimally matching species to site are critical for the economic justification and implementation of tree planting in conservation programs. This study, tests a low-cost methodology that incorporates the expert system developed by Baker and Broadfoot (1979) to predict tree growth rates calibrated with soils data from recently published Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil surveys specific for combinations of tree species and soil series. This information is used to make sire index projections for economically-marginal soybean lands. Site index estimates ranged from 28.0 m (92 ft) for cottonwood (base age 30) on Mhoon soils to 18.0 m (61 ft) for sycamore (base age 50) on Forestdale soils. Use of this method results in tree growth predictions that are both more mechanistically-based and often more conservative than the site index projections published in soil surveys, particularly for species intolerant of flooding during the growing season. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Groninger, JW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RI Groninger, John/A-2566-2008; Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700014 ER PT J AU Grace, JM AF Grace, JM TI Forest road sideslopes and soil conservation techniques SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation practices; forest management; forest roads; ground cover; slopes; soil erosion; surface runoff ID SEDIMENT AB Forest road sideslopes have been identified ns one of the major sources of erosion losses from managed forest systems. Stabilization by vegetation has shown the greatest potential for mitigation of soil erosion on forest road sideslopes. Sediment and runoff production from a wood excelsior erosion mat, native species vegetative mix, and exotic species vegetative mi?: were investigated on a newly-constructed road during a two-year study. Sediment and runoff production were significantly reduced on both the cut slope and fill slope by the treatments. Vegetative treatments showed more than a 90% reduction in sediment production between the two study years. The erosion mat treatment showed increased vegetation cover and relatively insignificant sediment production for both years of the study. C1 US Forest Serv, Div Biol Engn Syst & Technol Ecol Management, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Div Biol Engn Syst & Technol Ecol Management, So Res Stn, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700015 ER PT J AU Wolfe, JE Potter, KN Hoffman, DH AF Wolfe, JE Potter, KN Hoffman, DH TI A device for simulating overland flow SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE even-sheet; overland flow; runoff water quality ID CLAY SOIL; RUNOFF; LOSSES; TILLAGE; STRIPS AB A flow Simulation Applicator (FSA) was developed to create even-sheet overland flow of water into a vegetative filter strip. The FSA, constructed from easily-obtained materials, is adaptable to various applications, portable, easily calibrated and delivers reproducible flow, rates. Variability among replications was quite small with Coefficient of Variability (CV) of less than 1.5%. Water flowed as a sheet onto the test surface at application rates of 4 L min(-1) (1.1 gal) or greater. In initial field tests, the device runs used to apply a 0.1 mg kg(-1) (0.1 PPM) atrazine solution to 1 x 5-m (3.3 x 16.4-ft) sections of buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides Nutt. Engelm.) sod at a rate equivalent to runoff occurring from a 30-m (98.4-ft) wide field directly upslope with a 5.1 cm (2 in) rain. The outflow atrazine concentration from the sad was reduced in the first 15 min, and then increased, stabilizing at 85% of the input concentration. With minor modifications, the FSA can provide inflow for concentrated flow experiments. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Temple, TX USA. USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700016 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, JA Schumacher, TE AF Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, JA Schumacher, TE TI TEP: A Tillage Erosion Prediction model to calculate soil translocation rates from tillage SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE deposition; erosion; modeling; soil translocation; tillage erosion ID REDISTRIBUTION AB Soil movement by tillage is a function of slope gradient. Tillage direction performed upslope and downslope in opposing directions over alternate years results in a net downslope movement of soil. The objective of this study was to develop a simulation model to describe soil redistribution along a hillslope transect that ran be used to explain observed erosion and deposition patterns in cultivated fields that result from tillage action. A diffusion-based conceptual model was used to represent soil redistribution by tillage, whereby the regression coefficient for the relationship between translocation and slope gradient was described by a diffusion coefficient, k'. Soil redistribution was calculated over a 50-yr period on a measured topographic transect in west central Minnesota using published k' values for the moldboard plow. Additional simulations included the additive effects of secondary tillage (tandem disc) and an examination of hillslope segment lengths on soil redistribution rates. Results showed that 14.7% of the area from the measured transect would experience a loss or gain in sail that exceed 10 t ha(-1) yr(-1) with moldboard plow using a k' value of 2.34 kg m(-1) slope width. The loss or gain in soil that exceed 10 t ha(-1) yr(-1) increased to 26% of the area with a k' value of 3.30 kg m(-1). The addition of secondary tillage (two tandem disc operations) increased the area of excessive soil redistribution to 59%. The Tillage Erosion Prediction (TEP) model has the capability to identify areas based on landscape configuration of excessive soil loss (erosion) or gain (deposition) due to soil ti translocation by tillage. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Lindstrom, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 282ZB UT WOS:000085250700017 ER PT J AU Eghball, B Gilley, JE Kramer, LA Moorman, TB AF Eghball, B Gilley, JE Kramer, LA Moorman, TB TI Narrow grass hedge effects on phosphorus and nitrogen in runoff following manure and fertilizer application SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE beef cattle manure; erosion; eutrophication; fertilizer; hypoxia; no-till; water quality ID FILTER STRIPS; SOIL; MOVEMENT AB Runoff losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from field applied manure can contribute to surface water pollution. Grass hedges may reduce runoff losses of nutrients and sediment The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of narrow switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) hedges (similar to 0.75 m wide) on the transport of P and N from afield receiving beef cattle feedlot manure under tilled and no-till renditions. This study was conducted on a steep (12 % average slope) Monona silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) soil near Treynor, Iowa. The experiment was a split-plot with no-till and disked systems as main plots and subplots of manure, fertilizer and check with or without a grass hedge. A rainfall simulator was used and runoff was collected from both the initial and the following wet simulations. Only 38% of the no-till plots and 63% of disked plots had any runoff during the initial 6.4 cm hr(-1) water application. A single narrow grass hedge reduced runoff concentrations of dissolved P (DP) by 47%, bioavailable P (BAP) by 48%, particulate P (PP) by 38%, total P (TP) by 40%, and NH4-N by 60% during the wet simulation on the no-till plots receiving manure, compared with similar plots with no hedges. The corresponding reductions in concentrations as a result of a grass hedge for DP, BAP, PP, TP, and NH4-N on the disked plots were 21, 29, 43, 38, and 52%, respectively. Runoff NH4-N concentration from fertilizer applied to the disked plots was reduced by 61%, NO3-N by 21%, and total N (TN) by 27% during the wet simulation when grass hedges were used. Grass hedges also reduced total quantities of DP, BAP, TP, and NH4-N during the wet simulation. The TP loss was 3.3% of applied P fertilizer and was 0.3% of applied manure P. Narrow grass hedges were effective in reducing P and N losses in runoff from both manure and fertilizer application. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Deep Loess Res Stn, Council Bluffs, IA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 340QC UT WOS:000088545000010 ER PT J AU Fryrear, DW Bilbro, JD Saleh, A Schomberg, H Stout, JE Zobeck, TM AF Fryrear, DW Bilbro, JD Saleh, A Schomberg, H Stout, JE Zobeck, TM TI RWEQ: Improved wind erosion technology SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erosion factors; farming practices; model verification; wind erosion model ID SOIL COVER; CROP RESIDUE; PREDICTION; LOSSES; FIELD; MODEL AB An improved wind erosion model (RWEQ) has been developed and validated with field erosion data from 45 site years. In RWEQ, the residue soil credibility, and soil roughness parameters are represented as coefficients. Within the RWEQ computer program, surface residues are decomposed with weather conditions. Residues are buried or flattened with tillage operations. Soil roughness is modified with tillage implements and roughness decayed with rain-fall or irrigation amount and storm erosivity. Effect of wind barriers is described with an optical density index, but the protected zone downwind is dependent on wind velocity and soil surface conditions. Wind speed over hills is modified and the effect is included in soil loss estimates. Soil loss data were collected from sites with art annual range of rainfall of 191 to 1255 mm. Soil sand contents varied from 10 to 87%. The majority of the erosion data are from circular fields 2.6 ha in size, but data were also collected from a 52 ha circle and rectangular fields 36 to 128 ha. Measured soil lasses varied from 0 to 31.21 kg m(2) and estimated soil losses with RWEQ for the same sites varied from 0 to 39.15 kg m(2). Statistical correlation between measured and estimated valuer was significant RWEQ has been tested on a broad range of soil, climate, and crop conditions, but additional testing may be needed on non mineral soils. C1 Custom Prod, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. USDA ARS, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. Tarleton State Univ, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Fryrear, DW (reprint author), Custom Prod, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 340QC UT WOS:000088545000012 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B Kramer, LA Moorman, TB AF Gilley, JE Eghball, B Kramer, LA Moorman, TB TI Narrow grass hedge effects on runoff and soil loss SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation farming; grass filters; no-till systems; reduced-tillage systems; runoff; sediment detention; soil loss ID FILTER STRIPS; SEDIMENT; EROSION; TILLAGE AB This rainfall simulation study provided information on the effects of 0.72 m (2.4 ft) wide switchgrass hedger located at the bottom of plots on runoff and sail loss under both no-till and tilted conditions. The study area, which had slopes ranging from 8 to 16%, had produced corn for 33 years and the grass hedges had been established for six years. Simulated rainfall [64 mm hr(-1) (2.5 in hr(-1))] was applied for two hours to plots [3.7 m (12 ft) wide by 10.7 m (35.1 ft) long] with corn residue and to plots where corn residue was removed. The narrow grass hedges substantially reduced runoff and soil loss. Under no-till conditions, the plots with corn residue and grass hedges averaged 52% less runoff and 53 % less soil loss than similar plots without grass hedges. Under tilled conditions, the plots with corn residue and grass hedges averaged 22% less runoff and 57% less soil loss than comparable plots without grass hedges. The plots with corn residue removed brit with grass hedges present averaged 41% less runoff and 63% less sail loss than similar plots without grass hedges. Narrow grass hedges are an effective conservation measure, especially when used in conjunction with such conservation practices as no-till or reduced-till farming systems. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Deep Loess Res Stn, Council Bluffs, IA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 340QC UT WOS:000088545000013 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Hubbard, RK Williams, RG AF Lowrance, R Hubbard, RK Williams, RG TI Effects of a managed three zone riparian buffer system on shallow groundwater quality in the southeastern Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural water quality; ground water nitrate concentrations; managed buffers; riparian forest buffers ID WATERSHEDS; FOREST AB Riparian forest buffers can help improve agricultural water quality. USDA guidelines are for riparian forest buffers of three zones. Zone 1 is permanent woody vegetation near the stream. Trees can be harvested in Zone 2, which is upslope from Zone 1. Zone 3 is a grass filter upslope from Zone 2 at field edge. In order to test USDA guidelines, a site runs established in the southeastern Coastal Plain near Tifton, Georgia, with an 8 m wide grass buffer (Zone 3) situated between a field and a mature Riparian forest. In the Zone 2 forest, mostly 50 year-old pine trees, one block was harvested by clearcut, one block was thinned and one block was left as a mature forest control. Care was taken to minimize soil disturbance during the timber harvest operation. The Zone 1 forest [15 m wide (49 ft)] was left undisturbed. Shallow groundwater wells were used to monitor the effect of the managed Riparian forest buffer on N, P, and Cl concentrations. Groundwater nitrate concentrations decreased from 11 to 22 mg L-1 adjacent to the field to less that 2 mg L-1 at 5 m (16 ft) into the forest. Nitrate concentration decreased under the grass filter strip as well as in the forest. Nitrate concentrations increased in one corner of the Riparian forest near the stream. This increase may be due to flow patterns of groundwater that bypasses the Riparian forest buffer. Chloride concentrations increased under the buffer indicating that the nitrate removal was due to biological processes such as plant uptake and denitrification rather than dilution. Concentrations of other potential pollutants such as ortho-p, ammonium, and organic N moved in very small quantities and did not show consistent spatial patterns. There was no effective to harvesting of the Zone 2 forest on either nutrient concentrations or water table elevations. These results indicate that Zone 2 trees, along small streams in the southeastern coastal plain, can be harvested with little effect on groundwater nutrient movement to streams. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 212 EP 220 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 340QC UT WOS:000088545000016 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Fales, SL Muller, LD Schnabel, RR Elwinger, GF Weaver, SR AF Stout, WL Fales, SL Muller, LD Schnabel, RR Elwinger, GF Weaver, SR TI Assessing the effect of management intensive grazing on water quality in the northeast US SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE nitrate; water quality ID GRASSLAND; PASTURE; CATTLE; URINE AB Stocking rate is the key determining effect of management intensive grazing on dairy farm profitability. However, increased stocking rate can increase NO3- leaching from pastures. Increasing stocking rate increases NO3- loss through leaching because the bulk of the N consumed by the animal is excreted in concentrated areas of the pasture mainly in urine. We used experimental data from the northeast U.S. and the literature to assess the relationships between stocking rate and NO3- leaching losses beneath an intensively grazed pasture. A relatively low cumulative seasonal stocking rate of about 200 mature Holstein ha(-1) could result in a 10 mg l(-1) NO3-N concentration in the leachate beneath a fertilized, intensively grazed pasture. This means that while management intensive grazing can improve farm profitability and help control erosion, it can have a significant negative effect on water quality beneath pastures. The extent to which this effect occurs within specific watersheds needs to be evaluated in context of the other cropping systems and land uses within the watershed. C1 USDA ARS, PSWMRL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 340QC UT WOS:000088545000020 ER PT J AU Cangir, C Kapur, S Boyraz, D Akca, E Eswaran, H AF Cangir, C Kapur, S Boyraz, D Akca, E Eswaran, H TI An assessment of land resource consumption in relation to land degradation in Turkey SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Trakya, Dept Soil Sci, Trakya, Turkey. Cukurova Univ, Dept Archaeometry, Cukurova, Turkey. Cukurova Univ, Dept Soil Archaeometry, Cukurova, Turkey. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cangir, C (reprint author), Univ Trakya, Dept Soil Sci, Trakya, Turkey. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 381YT UT WOS:000165792200003 ER PT J AU Allmaras, RR Schomberg, HH Douglas, CL Dao, TH AF Allmaras, RR Schomberg, HH Douglas, CL Dao, TH TI Soil organic carbon sequestration potential of adopting conservation tillage in US croplands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE crop residue; C pool; soil organic carbon; tillage systems ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; CROPPING INTENSITY; CERAMIC SPHERES; MATTER DYNAMICS; C-13 ABUNDANCE; NO-TILL; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) makes up about two-thirds of the C pool in the terrestrial biosphere; annual C deposition and decomposition to release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmospheric constitutes about 4% of this SOC pool. Cropland is an important, highly managed component of the biosphere. Among the many managed components of cropland are the production of crop residue, use of tillage systems to control crop residue placement/disturbance, and residue decomposition. An accumulation of SOC is a C sink (a net gain from atmospheric CO2) whereas a net loss of SOC is a C source to atmospheric CO2. A simple three components model was developed to determine whether or not conservation tillage systems were changing cropland from a C source to a C sink. Grain/oil seed yields and harvest indices have indicated a steadily increasing supply of crop residue since 1940, and long term field experiments indicate SOC storage in no-tillage > non moldboard tillage > moldboard tillage systems. According to adoption surveys, moldboard tillage dominated until about 1970, but non moldboard systems are now used nationally on at least 92% of planted wheat, corn, soybean, and sorghum. Consequently, since about 1980, cropland agriculture has become a C sink. Moldboard plow systems had prevented a C sink response to increases in crop residue production that had occurred between 1940 and 1970. The model has not only facilitated a qualitative conclusion about SOC but it has also been used to project production, as well as soil and water conservation benefits, when a C credit or payment to farmers is associated with the C sink in cropland agriculture. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Allmaras, RR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 66 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 27 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 381YT UT WOS:000165792200018 ER PT J AU Fryrear, DW Bilbro, JD Yates, CE Berry, EG AF Fryrear, DW Bilbro, JD Yates, CE Berry, EG TI Modeling multirow wind barrier density SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE barrier effectiveness index; drag; equivalent optical density; wind erosion; wind reduction patterns; wind tunnel ID VELOCITY; FENCE AB Field multirow wind reduction patterns can be expressed with a Barrier Effectiveness Index (BEI), but this index cannot be used to model wind barrier effects on wind erosion. The effect of barrier density on wind passing through the barrier must be described to model wind barriers. The drag effect of the wind passing through field barriers was simulated in a laboratory wind tunnel. Total drag in the wind tunnel was measured for simulated barriers with various row number-spacings-densities and the drag was correlated with BEI (r(2) = 0.84). This empirical relationship permitted the development of the the Equivalent Optical Density (EOD) from optical density (OD) of each row (N), barrier height (H) and spacing between rows (RS). [GRAPHICS] EOD values were computed and correlated to total drag values. The relationship was then tested on additional barriers, and the resulting overall correlation (r(2) = 0.92) was significant. Using the EOD equation, the wind barrier effects were computed for one to eight row (N) barriers, five optical densities, and three spacings between rows EOD can be used to compute wind reduction patterns for the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model. This permits the design of a wind barrier system (number of rows and plant density within each row) that will be most effective in reducing wind erosion for the farmer. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 381YT UT WOS:000165792200020 ER PT J AU Hoag, DL Ascough, JC Frasier, WM AF Hoag, DL Ascough, JC Frasier, WM TI Will farmers use computers for resource and environmental management? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; computer; decision aid; environment; Great Plains; resource planning ID AGRICULTURE; PRODUCERS; ADOPTION AB Government, private agricultural advisors, and agribusinesses have developed a multitude of software programs to help producers better manage adverse environmental impacts and natural resource degradation. Little is known however about Whether producers Will use computers for these types of problems. We surveyed Great Plains producers to determine the prevailing adoption and use of computers for resource and environmental management. The survey uncovered serious concerns about producer willingness to use computer decision aids to address environmental or resource issues now or in the future. We also surveyed three farm-advisor groups about their roles in helping producers. In some cases, their responses indicated a distorted concept about priorities for farm and ranch computer use when compared to producer responses. The advancement of computer software use for environmental and resource management decision-making on farms or ranches remains limited unless required by the government or until producers Perceive a greater need for software to assist them in these areas. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hoag, DL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 456 EP 462 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 393FM UT WOS:000166458600006 ER PT J AU Angima, SD O'Neill, MK Onwega, AK Stott, DE AF Angima, SD O'Neill, MK Onwega, AK Stott, DE TI Use of tree/grass hedges for soil erosion control in the Central Kenyan highlands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; calliandra; erosion; fodder; Napier grass; runoff; soil conservation; vegetative hedger AB Three erosion control method of using a tree hedge, a grass hedge, and a combination of the two were used On an alfisol in central Kenya. Soil loss, biomass field, and profile survey of the runoff plots were measured during two cropping seasons. Average Cumulative soil loss from plots with hedges of tree, combination, grass, and non hedged control were 5.6, 7.4, 11.2, and 10.9 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Dry matter yields were 2.98, 9.24, and 11.90 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) for tree, combination, and grass hedge respectively. Topographic survey of the plots showed a near uniform terrace formation and decrease in slope of about 0.2 % for all hedges, but an increase in slope for the control plots by the same magnitude. Small-scale farmers in the highland of Central Kenya who practice a mixed farming system could use this soil conservation technology as a step towards sustainable farming practices. C1 Int Ctr Res Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Intermediate Technol Dev Grp Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Angima, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 478 EP 482 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 393FM UT WOS:000166458600010 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Lindstrom, MJ Benoit, GR Young, RA Wilts, A AF Sharratt, BS Lindstrom, MJ Benoit, GR Young, RA Wilts, A TI Runoff and soil erosion during spring thaw in the northern US corn belt SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE frozen soil; residue management; sediment loss; simulated rainfall; tillage ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; FREEZE-THAW; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GROUND COVER; RESIDUE; WATER; COMPACTION; ROUGHNESS; RAINFALL; LOSSES AB Surface water runoff and erosion can be accentuated from partially frozen soil and result in loss of soil productivity. Runoff and erosion were assessed during spring thaw on a Hattie clay (Typic Hapluderts) in 1986 and 1990 and on a Barnes loam (Calcic Hapludolls) in 1987 and 1988 in Minnesota. Simulated rain was applied at 64 mm h(-1) on four dates during spring thaw to field plots subjected to autumn moldboard plow or chisel plow. Corn (Zea mays L) residue was removed or retained on plots prior to tillage in the autumn. Runoff and soil loss after an application of 96 mm of rain was similar for Hattie clay (60 mm m(-2) of runoff and 1.43 kg m(-2) of soil loss) and Barnes loam (5.8 mm m(-2) of runoff and 1.90 kg m(-2) of soil loss). Analysis of variance indicated that date of simulated rain and residue treatment influenced runoff while only residue treatment affected soil loss from both soil types. Regression analysis determined that runoff was accentuated by a wetter and smoother soil surface and from a soil frozen nearer the surface. In addition, nearly 60% of the variability in soil loss occurring from a 96 mm rain in the spring was explained by runoff random roughness, soil water content, and residue cover Rate of runoff and soil loss increased by at least 50% for Hattie clay and 100% for Barnes loam as a result of subjecting these soils to a subsequent rain within the same day. In cold regions where autumn tillage is utilized to expedite soil warming and planting of seeds in the spring, roughening and rapidly thawing of the soil or retaining crop residue on the soil surface may be desirable for minimizing surface water runoff and soil erosion during spring thaw. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 393FM UT WOS:000166458600012 ER PT J AU Leesch, JG Knapp, GF Mackey, BE AF Leesch, JG Knapp, GF Mackey, BE TI Methyl bromide adsorption on activated carbon to control emissions from commodity fumigations SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fumigant; emissions; capture; adsorption; postharvest; pest control AB A process to control emissions of methyl bromide (MB) into the atmosphere following the fumigation of commodities has been developed. The process consists of adsorbing the MB in the vent-stream from a fumigation process onto activated carbon (carbon), Research was undertaken to observe the effects of (I) temperature, (2) relative humidity (r.h.), (3) the concentration of MB in the vent-stream, and (4) carbon type on the amount of MB that could be adsorbed (loaded) on the activated carbon. Temperature had the most effect on the loading, followed by r.h., for a given type of carbon. The loading decreased as temperature and r.h. increased. For a given temperature and r.h., the loading varied significantly for different carbon types. These differences were consistent with the type of pore structures of the carbons, which in turn is determined by the raw materials and by the activation procedures used during the carbon manufacturing process. Temperatures in the carbon column rose in response to the adsorption of MB. By monitoring the temperatures, the adsorption zone could be followed throughout the column from the inlet at the start of an adsorption run to column exhaustion, or breakthrough at the end of the trial. Breakthrough was reached when the MB concentration in the column exhaust stream reached 500 ppm (2 mg/l) MB. Relative humidity of the vent-stream was less critical than first anticipated because of the heating of the column. The temperature increase due to the heat of adsorption lowered the r.h. at the adsorption zone which led to the increased adsorption capacity normally associated with low humidities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. GFK Consulting Ltd, San Clemente, CA 92672 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area Off, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Leesch, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00028-4 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 274MG UT WOS:000084769200007 ER PT J AU Arya, LM Pulver, EL van Genuchten, MT AF Arya, LM Pulver, EL van Genuchten, MT TI Economic, environmental, and natural resource benefits of plastic shelters in vegetable production in a humid tropical environment SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE humid tropics; biotic stresses; soil productivity; plastic shelters; vegetable production; plant protection; rural income; sustainability; environmental and natural resource protection ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; WATER; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS AB This paper reports the effectiveness of plastic shelters in overcoming soil-related and biotic constraints to vegetable production in Belize, Central America, where rainy-season tomatoes and sweet peppers are almost totally destroyed by geminiviruses. Use of pesticides is rampant, while rapid decline in soil productivity induces farmers to abandon previously used lands acid clear new lands from virgin forests. We postulated that plants growing in the open-field environment are infected early by the soil-borne pathogens deposited on the plants from clouds of fine soil particles arising from the soil splash during high-intensity rainfall. The products of fungal and bacterial decay attract white flies (the vector for geminiviruses) and plants already weakened by the infection succumb easily to the viruses. A production system in which plant and soil surfaces are protected from direct rainfall using plastic shelters, was designed and field tested with tomatoes and sweet peppers. On average, plastic shelters increased tomato and sweet pepper yields by 169% and 96%, respectively, without any use of pesticides. Weed growth under the shelter was negligible, and plants maintained greenness and production well into the fourth month after transplanting. In contrast, open-field plots were infested with weeds, and plants were completely destroyed by the middle of the third month. The number of white flies visiting the plastic-shelter plants was only about 28% of that in the open-field. We conclude that total protection of soil and plant surfaces from rainfall is the most effective plant protection measure. The proposed system uses small land area on a continuous basis, provides stable production, requires little or no plant protection chemicals, and raises Farmer income. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Winrock Int Inst Agr Dev, Morrilton, AR 72110 USA. RP Arya, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 143 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 401HW UT WOS:000166923000011 ER PT J AU Kaul, K Greer, DC Kasperbauer, MJ Mahl, C AF Kaul, K Greer, DC Kasperbauer, MJ Mahl, C TI Row orientation affects fruit yield in field-grown okra SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Abelmoschus esculentus; okra; phytochrome; row orientation; yield ID FAR-RED LIGHT; PHYTOCHROME; PLANTS; MULCH AB Effects of row orientation on fruit yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) were studied. Plants in north-south (N-S) rows produced more fruit than those in east-west (E-W) rows. Amounts of photosynthetic (400-700 nm) and morphogenic light (farred to red light ratio [FR/R]) received by plants grown in N-S and E-W rows were also determined. The mean amounts of photosynthetic light received by plants grown in E-W and N-S oriented rows were similar. Reflected light received by plants in N-S rows had a higher FR/R ratio than that received by plants in E-W rows. We conclude that row orientation affected yield of okra by influencing the morphogenic light received by plants. C1 Kentucky State Univ, Commun Res Serv, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kaul, K (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Commun Res Serv, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 401HW UT WOS:000166923000013 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Heifner, RG Taylor, H Uri, ND AF Huang, WY Heifner, RG Taylor, H Uri, ND TI Enhancing nitrogen fertilizer application timing by insurance SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE best nitrogen management plan (BNMP); environmental quality; farm insurance; Iowa; nitrogen reduction ID YIELD AB The advantage of using insurance to help a farmer adopt a best nitrogen management plan (BNMP) that reduces the impact of agricultural production on the environment is analytically and empirically demonstrated. Using an expected value analysis, it is shown that an insurance program can be structured so as to reduce a farmer's cost of bearing the adoption risk associated with changing production practices and, thus, to improve the farmer's certainty equivalent net return thereby promoting the adoption of a BNMP. Using the adoption of growing-season only N fertilizer application in Iowa as a case study, it is illustrated how insurance may be used to promote the adoption of this practice to reduce N fertilizer use. It is shown that it is possible for a farmer and an insurance company both to have an incentive to develop an insurance adoption program that will benefit both the farmer and the insurance company, increasing net social welfare and improving environmental quality in Iowa. C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Fed Commun Commiss, Competit Pricing Div, Common Carrier Bur, Washington, DC 20554 USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 57 DI 10.1300/J064v16n01_05 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 342JC UT WOS:000088640600004 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, RL TI Biodegradable mulches from renewable resources SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mulch; paper; soybean oil; linseed oil; biodegradation ID SOIL-TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE AB Kraft paper was impregnated with vegetable oil-based resins and then tested for wet strength, rate of biodegradation in soil and the ability to inhibit weed growth. Resins included oxidatively polymerized soybean and linseed oils and a polyester formed by the reaction of epoxidized soybean oil and citric acid. Wet strengths were significantly higher for resin coated papers (4-10 MPa) than uncoated paper (0.5 MPa). Rates of weight loss during soil burial for resin coated papers (40-90% oil added) were about 112 to 1/5 of those for uncoated papers or paper coated with unpolymerized oils. When tested as mulches on the top of soil, resin coated papers maintained their integrity fur 5-12 weeks while uncoated paper largely disintegrated by 8 weeks. Coating with unpolymerized oils also inhibited disintegration and weed growth although not as much as coating with polymerized oils. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1300/J064v16n04_05 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 351TM UT WOS:000089174300004 ER PT J AU Mattison, JA Wright, C Bronson, RT Roth, GS Ingram, DK Bartke, A AF Mattison, JA Wright, C Bronson, RT Roth, GS Ingram, DK Bartke, A TI Studies of aging in Ames dwarf mice: Effects of caloric restriction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN AGING ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; DIETARY RESTRICTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; FISCHER-344 RATS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; BODY-TEMPERATURE; TRANSGENIC MICE; LIFE-SPAN; AGE AB Ames dwarf mice, which are small and deficient in growth homone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) live much longer (1-1.25 years) than their normal siblings. It was of interest to examine the response of these animals to caloric restriction (CR) because of the possibility that dwarf mice are voluntarily caloric restricted. We are testing the hypothesis that this possible natural caloric restriction will negate any benefits of an imposed CR on lifespan. Male and female Ames dwarf mice and their normal counterparts have been fed ad libitum (AL) or a 30% CR diet for 25-29 months. Animals were monitored daily and weighed weekly. At 12-15 months of age, CR mice weighed significantly less than their AL fed counterparts (normal females: -42%, normal males: -23%, dwarf females: -18.8%, and dwarf males: -22.2%). Only in dwarf females has this significant difference disappeared with age. At one year of age, a comparison of daily food consumption revealed that female dwarf mice consume significantly more food per gram body weight than normal females and a similar tendency is evident for males. Although they received 30% less food, CR mice ate the same amount as AL mice per gram body weight. On measures of total locomotor activity, CR mice were significantly more active than their AL-fed counterparts. On an inhibitory avoidance learning task, 18-21 month old dwarf mice exhibited significantly better retention than their age- and diet-matched normal counterparts. Histopathological analysis in aging dwarf versus normal mice suggested that the incidence of tumors does not differ between the two groups but tumors appear to develop later in dwarf than in normal mice. After 2.25 years on the study 27% of AL normals, 52% of CR normals, 74% of AL dwarfs, and 87% of CR dwarfs are still alive. We conclude that Ames dwarfs are not CR mimetics although they share many characteristics. It remains to be determined whether CR will delay aging and cause a further life extension in Ames dwarf mice. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Mattison, JA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RI Bartke, Andzej/D-6640-2017 OI Bartke, Andzej/0000-0002-2569-557X NR 43 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 J AM AGING ASSOC JI J. Am. Aging Assoc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 352AL UT WOS:000089192300002 PM 23604794 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Morton, JF AF Guthrie, JF Morton, JF TI Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective To identify food sources of added sweeteners in the US diet. Design A descriptive study using data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Each subject provided one 24-hour dietary recall. Intake of added sweeteners was calculated using the USDA Food Guide Pyramid servings database. Subjects/setting A national sample of noninstitutionalized persons aged 2 years and older (N=15,010). Statistical analyses Mean intakes of added sweeteners from all food sources and from specific food categories; percentage contribution of added sweeteners to total energy intake; and percentage contribution of each food category to total intake of added sweeteners. All analyses were conducted for the total sample and for 12 age-gender groups. Results During 1994 to 1996, Americans aged 2 years and older consumed the equivalent of 82 g carbohydrate per day from added sweeteners, which accounted for 16% of total energy intake. In absolute terms, adolescent males consumed the most; as a percentage of energy, male and female adolescents had the highest intakes (averaging 20% of total energy from added sweeteners). The largest source of added sweeteners was regular soft drinks, which accounted for one third of intake. Other sources were table sugars, syrups, and sweets; sweetened grains; regular fruitades/drinks; and milk products. Applications/conclusions Intakes of added sweeteners exceed levels compatible with meeting current dietary recommendations. Knowing food sources of added sweeteners for the overall population and for specific age-gender groups can help dietitians provide appropriate nutrition education. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, OSAS Mkt Studies, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. RP Guthrie, JF (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, OSAS Mkt Studies, 200 C St,SW HFS-727, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 25 TC 240 Z9 248 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 100 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00018-3 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MB UT WOS:000170310400014 PM 10646004 ER PT J AU Wan, PJ Dowd, MK AF Wan, PJ Dowd, MK TI Comparative study of the extraction and measurement of cottonseed free fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE free fatty acid concentration; gas chromatography; silylation; Soxhlet extraction; titration; trimethylsilylation ID SOAPSTOCKS AB Crude oil was extracted from cottonseed by three different methods to study the influence of extraction technique on the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. Extraction procedures that recovered more oil had higher levels of FFA. In addition, the highest concentration of FFA was found in oil recovered by Soxhlet, reextraction of a meal initially defatted by a room-temperature:extraction process. The FFA concentrations of oils recovered by Soxhlet extraction were highly correlated with the FFA concentration of oils recovered by the other extraction methods:studied (R-2 > 0.96). Titration of oil and gas chromatography of silylated oil were compared as methods to determine FFA concentration. The methods compared well (R-2 = 0.998) with:the titration method, giving similar to 5% higher values for FFA than the chromatography method. Half of this difference appeared to be due to the oleic acid approximation used in the titration approach. The other half of the difference is likely due to the detection of other acidic components in crude oil. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wan, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0004-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 280WW UT WOS:000085127600004 ER PT J AU Kim, H Gardner, HW Hou, CT AF Kim, H Gardner, HW Hou, CT TI 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, an intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; dihydroxy octadecenoic acid; monohydroxy octadecenoic acid; oleic acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; stereo configuration ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FLAVOBACTERIUM SP DS5; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STERIC ANALYSIS; METHYL-ESTERS; BIOCONVERSION; PR3; IDENTIFICATION; OXIDATION; HYDRATASE AB The new microbial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) has been reported to produce from oleic acid a new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), with 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (HOD) being a probable intermediate. The production of DOD involves the introduction of two hydroxyl groups at carbon numbers 7 and 10, and a rearrangement of the double bond from carbons 9-10 to 8-9. It has been shown that the 8-9 unsaturation of HOD was possibly in the cis configuration. Now we report that the rearranged double bond of HOD is trans rather than cis, as determined by spectral data. Also, it was found that the 10-hydroxyl was in the S-con figuration as determined by gas chromatographic separation of R- and S-isomers after preparation of the (-)-menthoxycarbonyl derivative of the hydroxyl group followed by oxidative cleavage of the double bond and methyl esterification. This latter result coincides with our recent finding that the main final product, DDD, is in the 7(S),10(S)-dihydroxy configuration. In addition, a minor isomer of HOD (about 3 %) with the 10(R)-hydroxyl configuration was also detected. From the data obtained herein, we concluded that 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid is the probable intermediate in the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7(S),10(S)-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid by PR3. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0015-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 280WW UT WOS:000085127600015 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC Cottrell, T Tedders, WL Yates, I AF Wood, BW Reilly, CC Cottrell, T Tedders, WL Yates, I TI Bronzing of pecan foliage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photoassimilation; stomatal conductance; integrated pest management; alternate bearing; water stress; mites; Carya illinoinensis ID TISSUE AB The influence of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh,) K, Koch] leaflet bronzing, a discoloration of the lower surface, on foliar physiology and nut-meat yield is unknown, Field investigations indicate that bronzing can adversely affect foliage by reducing net photoassimilation (A), stomatal conductance (s(gw)), and transpiration (E) while also altering stomatal aperture and cellular structure, and increasing temperature. Kernel weight and fill percentage are also reduced, Research indicated that foliar A declined in proportion to degree of bronze coloration, with negative A exhibited by heavily bronzed foliage, A by bronzed foliage did not increase as light levels exceeded approximate to 250 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1). Within the same compound leaf, nonbronzed leaflets adjacent to bronzed leaflets exhibited greater than normal A., Bronzed leaflets also exhibited lower s(gw) to water vapor, less transpirational H2O loss, and higher afternoon leaf temperature, Light micrographs of bronzed foliage indicated abnormal epidermal and spongy mesophyll cells. Weight and percentage of kernel comprising the nut declined on shoots supporting foliage bronzing in July to August, but was unaffected when bronzing occurred in September to October. Bronzing of pecan foliage can therefore be of both physiological and economic significance. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 265XH UT WOS:000084271100007 ER PT J AU Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL Bassett, MJ Owens, S AF Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL Bassett, MJ Owens, S TI Chemical and morphological expression of the B and Asp seedcoat genes in Phaseolus vulgaris SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE common bean; flavonoids; anthocyanins; regulatory genes; phytoalexin; phaseollin ID COAT; RESISTANCE; LINKAGE; COLOR; LOCUS; L. AB Three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedcoat color (or glossiness) genotypes, differing from each other by a single substitution at a seedcoat locus, were analyzed for presence and concentration of three anthocyanins: delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside. The three anthocyanins were present in Florida common bean breeding line 5-593 (P C J G B V Asp), matte black (P C J G B V nsp), and dark brown violet (P C J G b V Asp), but the amounts varied greatly depending on the genotype, Dark brown violet had 19% of the total anthocyanin content when compared to 5-593, whereas matte black had amounts intermediate between the two other genotypes, The B gene acts to regulate the production of precursors of anthocyanins in the seedcoat color pathway above the level of dihydrokaempferol formation, perhaps at the chalcone synthase or chalcone isomerase steps in the biosynthetic pathway. We hypothesize that B regulates simultaneously the flavonoid (color) and isoflavonoid (resistance) pathways. The I gene for resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is known to be linked closely to B, It is therefore hypothesized that the I gene function may be to respond to BCMV infection by dramatically increasing (over a low constituitive level) production in the 5-dehydroxy isoflavonoid pathway, which leads to synthesis of the major phytoalexin, phaseollin, for resistance to BCMV, Alternatively, the B and I genes may be allelic. The Asp gene affects seedcoat glossiness by means of a structural change to the seedcoat, We demonstrate that Asp in the recessive condition (asp/asp) changes the size and shape of the palisade cells of the seedcoat epidermis, making them significantly smaller than either 5-593 or dark brown violet, Asp, therefore, limits the amounts of anthocyanins in the seedcoat by reducing the size of palisade cells. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hosfield, GL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 265XH UT WOS:000084271100009 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG AF Haynes, KG TI Inheritance of yellow-flesh intensity in diploid potatoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solanum phureja ssp phureja; S-stenotomum ssp stenotomum; narrow-sense heritability; carotenoids ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; GRAVITY; QUALITY; TUBER AB Although potato (Solanum tuberosum L,) tuber yellow flesh per se is known to be controlled by a single gene, the intensity of yellow flesh varies widely in Solanum L. species. Many diploid species have very intense yellow flesh, as compared to the commercial tetraploid yellow-flesh cultivar 'Yukon Gold'. Inheritance of yellow-flesh intensity at the diploid level was investigated in a hybrid population of S. phureja ssp. phureja (Juz. & Buk.)-S. stenotomum ssp. stenotomum (Juz. & Buk.) (PHU-STN). Six randomly chosen male parents were crossed to five randomly chosen female parents in a Design II mating scheme. In 1993, approximate to 12 progeny (clones) from each of the 30 families were planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications in Presque Isle, Maine, and evaluated for tuber yellow-flesh intensity as measured by a reflectance colorimeter, Twenty-five tubers from each plot were scored using the YI E-313 yellow intensity scale, An average YI E-313 score was obtained for each plot. Narrow-sense heritability on a plot mean basis was estimated as 0.99 with a SE of 0.65 to 0.72, There were significant differences among clones within a family. Results suggest that rapid progress can be made in breeding for intense yellow flesh in this diploid population. Clones from this population that produce 2n gametes represent an important source of germplasm for enhancing the intensity of the yellow-flesh trait in tetraploid potatoes. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 265XH UT WOS:000084271100011 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Fery, RL TI Characterization of resistance conferred by the N gene to Meloidogyne arenaria Races 1 and 2, M-hapla, and M-javanica in two sets of isogenic lines of Capsicum annuum L. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE host resistance; bell pepper; Meloidogyne incognita; root-knot nematode; soilborne pathogen; vegetable breeding ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CAROLINA CAYENNE PEPPER; INCOGNITA AB Two isogenic sets of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines (differing at the N root-knot nematode resistance locus) were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, M, hapla Chitwood, and M, javanica (Treub) Chitwood in greenhouse and growth chamber tests, The isogenic sets of C, annuum were 'Charleston Belle' (NN) and 'Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn-recurrent parent), and 'Carolina Wonder' (NN) and 'Yolo Wonder B' (nn-recurrent parent). Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 is pathogenic to C, annuum. 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' exhibited high resistance to M, arenaria race 1, Their respective recurrent backcross parents, 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. arenaria, Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and M,javanica are not highly pathogenic to pepper, However, 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' both exhibited higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) resistance to M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica than 'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B', Meloidogyne hapla is pathogenic to pepper. Both 'Charleston Belle' and 'Carolina Wonder' and their respective recurrent parents,'Keystone Resistant Giant' and 'Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. hapla. We concluded that the N gene confers resistance to M, arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica in C. annuum, but the N gene does not condition resistance to M. hapla. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 265XH UT WOS:000084271100013 ER PT J AU Ju, ZG Curry, EA AF Ju, ZG Curry, EA TI Lovastatin inhibits alpha-farnesene synthesis without affecting ethylene production during fruit ripening in 'Golden Supreme' apples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase; ethephon; mevinolin; scald; Malus sylvestris var. domestica ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD; DELICIOUS APPLES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; STORAGE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOCHEMISTRY; MEVINOLIN; PATHWAY; QUALITY; PLANTS AB Lovastatin is a specific hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor in animals and as such, is a potent cholesterol lowering pharmaceutical for human use. Because it has also been shown to inhibit alpha-farnesene in certain plants, we investigated its effects on ethylene and alpha-farnesene biosynthesis, volatile production, and fruit color during ripening in 'Golden Supreme' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh,) Mansf.]. Immediately after harvest, fruit were dipped in Lovastatin solution for 2 min, allowed to dry, and stored in the dark at 20 degrees C for 30 days. Internal ethylene at harvest was low (< 0.1 mL.L-1) and alpha-farnesene was undetectable. Both internal ethylene and alpha-farnesene increased in nontreated fruit during 30 days storage. Prestorage Lovastatin treatment did not affect ethylene synthesis, but at 1.25 or 2.5 mmol.L-1 nearly eliminated alpha-farnesene production. At 0.25 mmol.L-1, Lovastatin delayed the increase in alpha-farnesene production about 12 days and reduced total alpha-farnesene production by the end of storage compared with controls. When applied to nontreated preclimacteric fruit, ethephon at 1.4 mmol.L-1 increased both internal ethylene concentration and alpha-farnesene production. In Lovastatin-treated preclimacteric fruit, however, ethephon increased internal ethylene concentration without promoting alpha-farnesene synthesis. In another trial, after 30 days storage at 0 degrees C, fruit were treated with 1.25 mmol.L-1 Lovastatin and stored at 20 degrees C with air circulation for 20 days. These fruit accumulated similar amounts of ethylene as nontreated controls, but alpha-farnesene production decreased rapidly and was not detectable after 5 days. Treating with ethephon at 1.4 mmol.L-1 increased alpha-farnesene production in control fruit but not in Lovastatin-treated fruit, Lovastatin treatment did not affect the change in fruit color. Chemical names used: [1S-[1 alpha(R degrees), 3 alpha, 7 beta, 8 beta (2S degrees, 4S degrees), 8ab]]-1,2,3,7,8,8 alpha-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy- 6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthaienyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon). C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 265XH UT WOS:000084271100019 ER PT J AU Hang, A Burton, CS Hoffman, DL Jones, BL AF Hang, A Burton, CS Hoffman, DL Jones, BL TI Random amplified polymorphic primer-generated embryo DNA polymorphisms among 16 North American malting barley cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE PCR-RAPD; primer; Stoffel fragment; variety identification ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; ELECTROPHORESIS; VARIETIES AB Development of a simple, accurate, and rapid method for identifying malting barley cultivars is important for the malting, brewing, and seed-processing industries. Recently reported methods that have been developed for using DNA to "fingerprint" barley utilize DNA that is extracted from leaf tissue. For this study, we used the polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) technique with a selected set of 10-mer primers and DNA that was extracted from mature imbibed embryos. We were able to differentiate 16 malting barley cultivars or breeding lines that are commonly grown in North America, including the two-rowed cultivars Crystal, Garnet, Galena, Harrington, and B1202 and the six-rowed cultivars Robust, Stander, Morex, Excel, Lacey, Foster, Drummond, Russell, 88Ab536-B, B2601, and B2978. This method is simple to use and can be accomplished in 12-16 hr, since it bypasses the time-consuming germination and seedling growth steps. PCR results using embryo DNA samples are comparable to those obtained with leaf tissue DNA. The rapid and simple procedure that we have developed can be adapted by industry to maintain cultivar purity and to check the integrity of purchased seed lots. C1 Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hang, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2000 VL 58 IS 4 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 373FN UT WOS:000165277800002 ER PT J AU Sandstead, HH Frederickson, CJ Penland, JG AF Sandstead, HH Frederickson, CJ Penland, JG TI Zinc: development and function of the brain SO JOURNAL OF TRACE AND MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Trace Elements in Humans: New Perspectives CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV ATHENS, ATHENS, GREECE HO UNIV ATHENS DE zinc; brain; behavior; neurotransmission; human nutrition ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; RAT-BRAIN; DEFICIENCY; METALLOTHIONEIN; NEURONS; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; LIVER; BEHAVIOR; FEATURES AB Zn is essential for synthesis of nucleic acids and protein. In rodents Zn deficiency in early gestation causes teratology and death. Later it impairs neuronal division and maturation. Behavioral sequellae in offspring persist into adulthood. Acute deficiency also impairs behavior. Oxidation of metallothionein by GSSG releases Zn to specific ligands. Zn-ATP facilitates activity of pyridoxal-kinase and flavokinase for synthesis of PLP and FAD, respectively the coenzymes for biogenic-amine synthesis and MAO metabolism. Zn containing vesicles in presynaptic axon terminals of a special class of glutaminergic neurons release Zn into the synaptic cleft during neurotransmission. Zn modulates postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitatory receptors for glutamate. Zn deficiency decreases the number of post-synaptic NMDA specific glutamate mediated calcium channels. In humans Zn deficiency impairs neuropsychological functions. Severe deficiency causes ataxia and abnormal mentation. Mild deficiency impairs neuromotor coordination and cognitive functions such visual memory and reasoning. Maternal Zn status during pregnancy affects outcomes including fetal growth, head-size, neonatal performance, and later behaviors of infants. Limited data suggest Zn nutriture affects neuronal survival in elderly. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Neurosci, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NeuroBioTex Inc, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Sandstead, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0733-4680 J9 J TRACE MICROPROBE T JI J. Trace Microprobe Tech. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 375HD UT WOS:000165392700006 ER PT J AU Sandstead, HH Penland, JG Chen, XC Prasad, AS Alcock, NW Egger, NG Carroll, R Dayal, HH AF Sandstead, HH Penland, JG Chen, XC Prasad, AS Alcock, NW Egger, NG Carroll, R Dayal, HH TI Zinc and micronutrient repletion of children SO JOURNAL OF TRACE AND MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Trace Elements in Humans: New Perspectives CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV ATHENS, ATHENS, GREECE HO UNIV ATHENS DE zinc; children; growth; immunity; behavior; human nutrition ID ABSORPTION; GROWTH; IRON; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; DEFICIENCY; HUMANS AB Three studies measured effects of zinc repletion on growth and cognition of 6-9 year-old children. The first two involved urban and rural low-income Chinese children. The third was done on low income Mexican-Americans. Zinc repletion, given with other potentially limiting micronutrients for 10 weeks improved growth and cognition. The third study also measured immune functions. Zinc given with micronutrients increased IL-2 production and decreased IL-10 production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes following phytohemaglutinin stimulation. Micronutrients alone had no apparent effect. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Sandstead, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0733-4680 J9 J TRACE MICROPROBE T JI J. Trace Microprobe Tech. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 375HD UT WOS:000165392700007 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Importance of making dietary recommendations for elements designated as nutritionally beneficial, pharmacologically beneficial, or conditionally essential SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE boron; chromium; arsenic; nickel; silicon; vanadium ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; ESSENTIAL TRACE-ELEMENTS; VANADYL SULFATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL AMOUNTS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METHYL-DEFICIENT; IN-VITRO; BORON; NICKEL; RATS AB Reported findings suggest that at least 15 elements could be added to the list of essential nutrients. Some of these possibly essential elements also are receiving attention because of their toxicological or pharmacological properties that can affect health and well-being. During the process of updating dietary guidance standards in various parts of the world including the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) in North America, the question as to what extent should these elements be considered most likely will occur. In this review, terms used to describe these elements-conditionally essential, pharmacologically beneficial, and nutritionally beneficial-are defined. The four types of circumstantial evidence to support essentiality are also presented and used to conclude that there is strong circumstantial evidence for the essentiality of arsenic, boron, chromium, nickel, silicon, and vanadium; some of this evidence is described. The evidence is more than circumstantial for two of these six elements and therefore they may be soon generally accepted as established essential elements; they are boron because its deficiency has been shown to interrupt the life cycle of some higher animals, and chromium because of the recent discovery of a specific biochemical function. Regardless of whether they meet the strict definition of essentiality, findings have been described to suggest that these six elements have effects at physiological or pharmacological amounts that can promote health and reduce risks leading to disease. Because a new paradigm is emerging in which the dominating role of the concept of deficiency in the setting of dietary intake recommendations is being complemented by the concern for the total health effects of dietary constituents, the argument is made for the setting of recommendations for these possibly essential elements. The end result would be the enabling of people to make appropriate intake decisions that will help them achieve the often stated goal of "living longer and better." J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 13:113-129, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 110 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 1 BP 113 EP 129 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 276JZ UT WOS:000084875800012 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Saliki, JT Confer, AW Burge, LJ d'Offay, JM Helman, RG Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF Payton, ME AF Fulton, RW Saliki, JT Confer, AW Burge, LJ d'Offay, JM Helman, RG Bolin, SR Ridpath, JF Payton, ME TI Bovine viral diarrhea virus cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes and type 1 and 2 genotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: clinical and necropsy samples from cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID SERUM AB One hundred three bovine samples submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (OADDL) that were positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were typed by a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for BVDV genotypes. These BVDV samples included supernatants from virus isolation (79), serums (17), and buffy coats (7). The biotype, cytopathic (CP) or noncytopathic (NCP), was determined by cell culture virus isolation. Twenty-eight of 103 samples were submitted for herd screening for BVDV, 32 from OADDL necropsy cases, and 43 from live cattle with varied clinical conditions. Two samples contained 2 bands indicating presence of both BVDV types 1 and 2. Of the 105 BVDV samples, 26 were type 1 CP strains (24.8%), 38 were type 1 NCP strains (36.2%), 10 were type 2 CP strains (9.5%), and 31 were type 2 NCP strains (29.5%). From the 105 BVDV isolates, NCP biotypes were isolated more frequently (69, 65.7%) than CP biotypes (36, 34.3%), and type 1 genotypes were more frequently isolated (64, 61.00%) than type 2 genotypes (41, 39.0%). The NCP strains were more common than CP in herd screening samples. Cattle with respiratory disease history at time of sampling had more NCP than CP biotypes and more type 1 than type 2 genotypes. Of the necropsy cases, more were type 1 than type 2 genotypes for the respiratory cases with fibrinous pneumonia, more were type 1 than type 2 genotypes in cattle with enteritis/colitis without systemic lesions, and more were CP than NCP biotypes in cattle with enteritis/colitis with systemic lesions. No CP biotype was isolated from serum samples. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Physiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Physiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YU UT WOS:000086111500005 PM 10690773 ER PT J AU Katz, J Dewald, R Nicholson, J AF Katz, J Dewald, R Nicholson, J TI Procedurally similar competitive immunoassay systems for the serodiagnosis of Babesia equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma equiperdum, and Burkholderia mallei infection in horses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; ASSAYS AB Procedurally similar competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (cELISA) methods were developed for the serodiagnosis of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi (piroplasmosis), Trypanosoma equiperdum (dourine), and Burkholderia mallei (glanders) infections in horses. Apparent test specificities for the B. equi, EE. caballi, T. equiperdum, and B. mallei cELISAs were 99.2%, 99.5%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. Concordances and kappa values between the complement fixation (CF) and the cELISA procedures for the serodiagnosis of B. equi, B. caballi, T. equiperdum, and B. mallei infections in experimentally exposed horses were 76% and 0.55, 89% and 0.78, 97% and 0.95, and 70% and 0.44, respectively. The cELISA method may be a technically more reproducible, objective, and convenient approach for piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders serodiagnosis in qualifying animals for international movement and disease eradication programs than the CF systems currently in use. Use of the cELISA method also obviated the problems associated with testing hemolyzed or anticomplementary sera. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Anim & Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Katz, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Bacteriol Lab, Anim & Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YU UT WOS:000086111500007 PM 10690775 ER PT J AU Sahu, SP Landgraf, J Wineland, N Pedersen, D Alstad, D Gustafson, G AF Sahu, SP Landgraf, J Wineland, N Pedersen, D Alstad, D Gustafson, G TI Isolation of Jamestown Canyon virus (California virus group) from vesicular lesions of a horse SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CACHE VALLEY VIRUS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; SEROGROUP VIRUSES; ENZOOTIC FOCUS; INFECTIONS; MICHIGAN; ARBOVIRUSES; WISCONSIN; ANTIBODY C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sahu, SP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YU UT WOS:000086111500017 PM 10690785 ER PT J AU Mallinson, ET Miller, RG de Rezende, CE Ferris, KE deGraft-Hanson, J Joseph, SW AF Mallinson, ET Miller, RG de Rezende, CE Ferris, KE deGraft-Hanson, J Joseph, SW TI Improved plating media for the detection of Salmonella species with typical and atypical hydrogen sulfide production SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB The Salmonella detection ability of 2 surfactant-supplemental media, xylose-lysine-tergitol (Niaproof) 4 (XLT4) and Miller-Mallinson (MM) agar, was compared against that of several commonly used plating media. XLT4 and MM appeared to be the most efficient in detecting Salmonella in meat products and food animal environments. MM was superior to XLT4 in detecting those increasingly more prevalent strains of Salmonella possessing weak to ultraweak H2S production characteristics. C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mallinson, ET (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Univ Maryland Campus, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YU UT WOS:000086111500018 PM 10690786 ER PT J AU Beard, CW Mason, PW AF Beard, CW Mason, PW TI Genetic determinants of altered virulence of taiwanese foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLIOVIRUS PROTEIN 3A; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CULTURE ADAPTATION; WILD-TYPE; HEPATITIS; VARIANTS; CATTLE; INHIBITION; RECEPTOR; VACCINE AB In 1997, a devastating outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Taiwan was caused by a serotype O virus (referred to here as OTai) with atypical virulence. It produced high morbidity and mortality in swine but did not affect cattle. We have defined the genetic basis of the species specificity of OTai by evaluating the properties of genetically engineered chimeric viruses created from OTai and a bovine-virulent FMD virus. These studies have shown that an altered nonstructural protein, 3A, is a primary determinant of restricted growth on bovine cells in vitro and significantly contributes to bovine attenuation of OTai in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 29 TC 114 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 74 IS 2 BP 987 EP 991 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.2.987-991.2000 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 268ND UT WOS:000084421700042 PM 10623761 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Franzreb, KE Pepper, WD AF Hanula, JL Franzreb, KE Pepper, WD TI Longleaf pine characteristics associated with arthropods available for red-cockaded woodpeckers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE arthropods; bark thickness; basal area; foraging habitat; longleaf pine; Picoides borcalis; red-cockaded woodpecker; site quality; stand age; tree diameter ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; HABITAT; FOREST; FLORIDA; BARK; PREY AB Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of living pine trees for a variety of arthropods. To assess the availability of prey tinder differing stand conditions, we sampled arthropods that crawled up the boles of 300 living longleaf pine trees (Pinus palustris) ranging in age from 20-100 years with passive traps over a 1-year period. We identified, counted, ovendried. and weighed >50,000 arthropods in 22 orders and 470 genera. The most diverse orders were the Coleoptera (beetles), Araneae (spiders), and Hymenoptera (ants, wasps and bees). The most abundant orders were the homoptera with large numbers of aphids (Aphididae) and the Hymenoptera with large numbers of ants (Formicidae). The Coleoptera and Araneae accounted for thr greatest available biomass. Overall. arthropod biomass/tree increased with increasing stand age up to approximately 65-70 years, but arthropod biomnss/ha was highest in the youngest stands. Abundance and biomass of arthropods on each tree bole were positively correlated with bark thickness and tree diameter, and negatively! correlated with basal area (m(2)/ha). Arthropod biomass differed among seasons, with tie highest arthropod biomass occurring in winter and spring. We found no correlation of diversity, abundance, or biomass of arthropods on the tree bole with site index, tie numbers of herbaceous plant genera in the understory the number of herbaceous plant stems, or the percentage of ground covered by herbs. Stand characteristics. such as average bark thickness and diameter, associated with increased. tarthropod abundance and biomass on the bark are positively correlated to tr tree age, but these relationships LI would change with management practices that either accelerated or slowed tree growth. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.2307/3802975 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900007 ER PT J AU Goodloe, RB Warren, RJ Osborn, DA Hall, C AF Goodloe, RB Warren, RJ Osborn, DA Hall, C TI Population characteristics of feral horses on Cumberland Island, Georgia and their management implications SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cumberland Island; Equus caballus; exotics; feral horses; population census ID PREGNANCY DETERMINATION; WILD HORSES; REPRODUCTION; RATES AB Control of feral horse populations (Equus caballus) on public lands is restricted to nonlethal methods. These methods can limit population growth; however, efficacy may vary among populations with differing demography and social structures. Characteristics of many western feral horse populations are well documented, but fewer data are available for Atlantic barrier island populations. Therefore, we monitored a population of feral horses on Cumberland Island, Georgia from 1986 to 1990. Population growth averaged 4.3% annually with a stable age structure. Mean size of bands with greater than or equal to 1 stallion was 4.6 horses. The adult sex ratio for the population was 0.6 females: 1.0 males. About 66% of mares fouled during a given >enr and no juvenile females foaled. Annual survival rates averaged 61.1% fur female foals, 58.8% for male foals, and 92.4% for mares. Most bands contained a dominant or codominant stallion, mares and-or juvenile females, and. foals. Most mares (62.5%) changed, bands greater than or equal to 1 time during; our study Bachelors represented 50.4% of stallions. These population characteristics differed from other feral horse populations. The small Land size, large number of bachelors, high degree of band instability and codominance of Land stallions on Cumberland Island likely will limit the efficacy of some forms of nonlethal population control. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Forest Serv, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Warren, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 247 S Milledge Ave, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.2307/3802980 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900012 ER PT J AU Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Hanley, TA AF Hilderbrand, GV Schwartz, CC Robbins, CT Hanley, TA TI Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE body composition; body condition; brown bear; hibernation; Kenai Peninsula; reproductive class; Ursus arctos ID GRIZZLY BEARS; BLACK BEARS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ARCTOS AB We investigated the effect of hibernation and reproductive status on changes in body mass and composition of adult female brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. This information is fundamental to understanding nutritional ecology of wild brown bear populations. Six adult females handled in the fall and following spring (paired samples) lost 73 +/- 22 kg ((x) over bar +/- SD; 32 +/- 10%) of fall body mess over 208 +/- 19 days. Of this mass loss, 56 +/- 22% (55 +/- 22 kg) was lipid and 44 +/- 22% (43 +/- 21 kg) was lean body mass. Catabolism of lipid stores accounted for. 88.4 +/- 8.1% of the body energy used to meet maintenance demands. Overwinter differences in body composition of adult females assessed only once in either the fall (n = 21) or spring (n = 32) were similar to those of paired samples. Relative fatness of bears entering the den was positively related to the contribution of fat (%) to body mass (P < 0.01) and body energy (P < 0.01) losses during hibernation. Thus, relative fatness at the onset of fasting influences the relative proportion of lipid stores and lean body mass catabolized to meet protein and energy demands during hibernation. In the spring, lone females had greater bully and lean masses than Females with cubs of the lear or yearlings. Lipid content was greatest in lone females in the fall. Studies using body mass and composition as indices of population health should consider season or reproductive class. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hilderbrand, GV (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.2307/3802988 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900020 ER PT J AU Dijak, WD Thompson, FR AF Dijak, WD Thompson, FR TI Landscape and edge effects on the distribution of mammalian predators in Missouri SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE edge effects; forest fragmentation; landscape; Missouri; opossum; raccoon; striped skunk ID NEST PREDATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; SUCCESS; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; BIRDS AB Raccoons (Procyon lotor), opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are predators of forest songbird eggs and nestlings. We examined the relative abundance of these predators at landscape and local scales to better understand predation risks. At the landscape scale, we examined the relationship between detection rates of raccoons, opossums, and striped skunks on 25 scent-station routes distributed across Missouri and surrounding landscape characteristics. Raccoon abundance was related to latitude, stream density, and mean patch size of agricultural lands. Opossum abundance was related to stream density, contagion, mean nearest-neighbor distance between forest patches, and latitude. Striped skunk abundance was not related to landscape characteristics we examined. At a local scale, we used sooted-plate scent stations to compare the relative abundance of raccoons and opossums in forest interiors to forests adjacent to agricultural fields, roads, clearcuts, and streams. Raccoons were more-abundant in forest edges adjacent to agricultural fields and streams. Opossum abundance varied greatly among years and there was no consistent edge effect on abundance. Local features such as proximity to some types of edge as well as large-scale factors such as landscape patterns in land. use may affect predator abundance and potentially songbird-nest predation rates. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dijak, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 52 TC 140 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.2307/3802992 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900024 ER PT J AU Landucci, LL AF Landucci, LL TI Reaction of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols with transition metal salts 3. Preparation and NMR characterization of improved DHPs SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR; CONIFERYL; LIGNINS; WOOD AB Dehydropolymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols with manganese(III) acetate in either aqueous acetic acid or pyridine resulted in dehydropolymers (DHPs) that more closely approximate the structure of natural lignins than do DHPs produced by enzymic techniques. The C-13 NMR spectrum of a "biomimetic" guaiacyl-DHP (G-DHP) from coniferyl alcohol was very similar to that of a lignin isolated from spruce wood, unlike a corresponding spectrum of a G-DHP prepared by a conventional enzymic technique. A similar comparison between a biomimetic guaiacyl/syringyl DHP (GS-DHP), a conventional GS-DHP, and a natural lignin from elm wood also confirmed a closer resemblance between the biomimetic DHP and the natural lignin. Likewise, a biomimetic S-DHP prepared from sinapyl alcohol was remarkably similar to a high syringyl fraction of lignin isolated from birch wood. The flexibility of the biomimetic approach is illustrated by the preparation of a DHP that is enriched in coniferaldehyde entities and one that is almost devoid of free-phenolic entities. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Landucci, LL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 243 EP 264 DI 10.1080/02773810009349635 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 347QM UT WOS:000088940700002 ER PT J AU Ingram, LL Templeton, MC McGraw, GW Hemingway, RW AF Ingram, LL Templeton, MC McGraw, GW Hemingway, RW TI Knot, heartwood, and sapwood extractives related to VOCs from drying southern pine lumber SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The presence of knots or heartwood influences the amount and composition of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions associated with drying of southern pine lumber. Experimental kiln charges of lumber containing 0 to 5% of knot volume gave VOC emissions ranging from 2.86 to 4.25 lb of carbon/dry ton of wood. Studies of emissions from sapwood and knots showed that knots contain about ten times the amount of volatile terpenes found in sapwood. Consequently half of the total volatile emissions would come from 5% of knot volume in sapwood. However, correlation coefficients of knot frequency or volume with VOC emissions obtained from experimental kiln studies were only 0.57 and 0.51, respectively. Southern pine heartwood contains about five times the amount of volatile terpenes found in sapwood and more of the volatile compounds present in heartwood are emitted than from knots. Therefore, small variations in the amount of heartwood result in large changes in VOC emissions in drying southern pine lumber. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Louisiana Coll, Dept Chem, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Ingram, LL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 415 EP 439 DI 10.1080/02773810009351892 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 370QT UT WOS:000165134300005 ER PT J AU Tohmura, S Hse, CY Higuchi, M AF Tohmura, S Hse, CY Higuchi, M TI Formaldehyde emission and high-temperature stability of cured urea-formaldehyde resins SO JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urea-formaldehyde resin; formaldehyde-emission; solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR; heat stability ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PH AB A test method for measuring formaldehyde from urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins at high temperature was developed and used to assess the influence of the reaction pH on the formaldehyde emission and heat stability of the cured resins. Additionally, solid-state C-13 CP/MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to investigate the structure of cured UF resins before and after high temperature heating. Formaldehyde emissions during the cure were related to the UF resins' methylol group content. The heat stability of cured UF resins synthesized under strongly acidic conditions was much higher than that of the other resins, which were prepared in weakly acidic and alkaline media. Solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectra showed that formaldehyde emission from cured UF resins after heating is mainly ascribable to decreased methylol groups and dimethylene ether linkages. Significantly, it was revealed that uron structures characteristically found in the cured UF resin synthesized under strongly acidic medium indicated high heat stability. C1 Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka 3058687, Japan. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Tohmura, S (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, POB 16, Ibaraki, Osaka 3058687, Japan. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1435-0211 J9 J WOOD SCI JI J. Wood Sci. PY 2000 VL 46 IS 4 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1007/BF00766221 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 345NH UT WOS:000088821700007 ER PT J AU DeHaven, WR AF DeHaven, WR TI USDA's environmental enhancement plans for NHPs: Ensuring the best care possible SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article AB The Deputy Administrator of USDA APHIS Animal Care discusses the new draft policy on promoting the psychological well-being of NHPs, and the intended benefits for facilities, inspectors, and, most important, the animals. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP DeHaven, WR (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 84, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 275VU UT WOS:000084841500009 ER PT J AU van Hekken, DL Holsinger, VH AF van Hekken, DL Holsinger, VH TI Use of cold microfiltration to produce unique beta-casein enriched milk gels SO LAIT LA English DT Article DE beta-casein; milk; gelation; microfiltration ID PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; MICELLES; SYSTEMS; YOGURT; SIZE AB Bovine milk was modified using cold microfiltration to produce beta-casein enriched fractions with unique gelation properties. Skim milk at 4 degrees C was microfiltered using membranes with pore diameter of 0.2 mu m, 0.1 mu m, or 100 000 g.mol(-1) MWCO. Resulting permeates were filtered again using membranes with 10 000 g.mol(-1) MWCO to create retentates with 9% solids that were used in the gelation study. Ash, calcium, lactose, solids, and protein contents of all fractions were monitored to determine separation trends. Cold microfiltration significantly reduced the casein:whey protein ratio and increased the beta-casein:alpha(s)-casein ratio in the retentates from the second filtration; the smaller the pore size of the initial separation membrane, the greater the change in the ratios. When treated with glucono-delta-lactone and rennet, the beta-casein enriched fractions produced using the 0.2 and 0.1 mu m membranes formed softer gels that had greater syneresis and hydration, and lower water holding capacities than skim milk gels. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP van Hekken, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 24 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0023-7302 J9 LAIT JI Lait PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 80 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 291CR UT WOS:000085717000009 ER PT J AU Ritchie, JC Rasmussen, PE AF Ritchie, JC Rasmussen, PE TI Application of (137)cesium to estimate erosion rates for understanding soil carbon loss on long-term experiments at Pendleton, Oregon SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE soil carbon; (137)Cesium; erosion; plots; oxidation; agriculture; carbon dioxide ID SEDIMENT REDISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FALLOUT CS-137; CESIUM-137; RADIONUCLIDES; AGRICULTURE AB Soil erosion Fates are a key factor for understanding changes in soil organic carbon. (137)Cesium was used to estimate erosion rates in long-term cropping experiments in eastern Oregon. Based on the (137)Cs measurements, RUSLE or EPIC estimates, and visual observations there is little evidence of water erosion at these experimental sites. Since there is little evidence of soil movement front the experimental sites to explain a steady decline in soil organic carbon (Rasmussen and Albrecht, 1998), then our study supports the conclusion that the major contributing factor for the declining soil organic matter is biological oxidation. The fallow conditions would provide excellent conditions for biological activity by microorganisms. Our study would indicate that under certain conditions biological oxidation is the most important factor for soil organic carbon loss. While there is great potential to sequester carbon in agricultural soils (Lal, et al., 1998), knowing the mechanism of carbon loss from the soil is necessary to determine its fate in the environment. While eroded soil carbon may end up being sequestered in the sediments of lakes and estuaries, biologically oxidized soil carbon will be released directly to the atmosphere as CO(2). Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, BARC W Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1085-3278 J9 LAND DEGRAD DEV JI Land Degrad. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 287VK UT WOS:000085527000006 ER PT B AU Adams, C Noonan, T Newton, B AF Adams, C Noonan, T Newton, B GP USDA USDA TI Watershed management in the 21(st) century: National perspectives SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Watersheds will continue to be planning management units of choice during the 21(st) century. Historic precedent, contemporary beliefs, regulation, and broad institutional support have insured their future. Whether their use will result in more sustainable systems depends on keeping natural resource issues a high national priority, balancing competition for consumptive resource use, advancing technology, developing strong public policies, and continuing appropriate research and supportive governmental policies. Further, it appears that successful watershed management will advance because organizations promoting its use tend to be highly adaptive, constantly seek new sources of information, and strategically use processes that foster innovation. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Seattle, WA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000004 ER PT B AU Towns, ES AF Towns, ES GP USDA USDA TI Resource integration and shared outcomes at the watershed scale SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Shared resources are universal resources that are vital for sustaining communities, enhancing our quality of life and preserving ecosystem health. We have a shared responsibility to conserve shared resources and preserve their integrity for future generations. Resource integration is accomplished through ecosystem management, often at a watershed scale. The shared outcome of resource integration is sustainability, which can be measured with the appropriate criteria and indicators. Using a watershed approach to land stewardship, we can identify priority problems, obtain stakeholder involvement, integrate the support and participation of multiple agencies, and measure success through monitoring. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Towns, ES (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Southwestern Reg, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 74 EP 80 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000010 ER PT B AU Verry, ES Hornbeck, JW Todd, AH AF Verry, ES Hornbeck, JW Todd, AH GP USDA USDA TI Watershed research and management in the Lake States and Northeastern United States SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management ID HUBBARD BROOK; EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; SEDIMENT BUDGET; CALCIUM; ECOSYSTEM; YIELD; SOIL; ACIDIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; INCREASES AB We present a brief synopsis of the beginnings of watershed management research and practice in the Lake States and Northeastern United States, followed by a summary of significant research findings on many aspects of watershed management, and finally, a review of four examples of how watershed management research has been incorporated into national forest management plans, state best management practices, state river basin projects, and the large, multi state Chesapeake Bay Program. C1 USDA, Foret Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Verry, ES (reprint author), USDA, Foret Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000011 ER PT B AU Swank, WT Tilley, DR AF Swank, WT Tilley, DR GP USDA USDA TI Watershed management contributions to land stewardship: Case studies in the southeast SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; PERSPECTIVES; SUSTAINABILITY; FORESTS; MASS AB We describe three examples of watershed management studies, at different spatial scales, that provide approaches and information useful in enhancing natural resource stewardship in the southern Appalachians. A multiple use "pilot" study, initiated 35 years ago at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, demonstrates that southern Appalachian forests can be successfully managed for water, timber, wildlife, and recreation. Added benefits of this small scale (144 ha) watershed study are the education and on-the-ground demonstration values. A demonstration project of ecosystem management, initiated in the early 1990s on a 1820 ha watershed provides an integrated, interdisciplinary ecosystem approach to research, planning, and management. Organized around themes of ecosystem restoration, forest sustainability, human and economic values, and ecosystem structure and function, the multifaceted studies are providing new knowledge and management benefits. More recently, regional scale watershed research was initiated on two river basins within a 70,000 km(2) area of western North Carolina. The goal is to develop a predictive understanding of the social, economic, and environmental factors that drive land use cover changes and to evaluate the consequences of change for terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, water quality, and regional carbon cycles. E'm'ergy, a tool for synthesizing the multiple values of watersheds, is applied to the ecosystem management study. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Otto, NC USA. RP Swank, WT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Otto, NC USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 93 EP 108 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000012 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Ffolliott, PF AF Baker, MB Ffolliott, PF GP USDA USDA TI Contributions of watershed management research to ecosystem-based management in the Colorado River Basin SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB The Rocky Mountains and Southwestern United States, essentially the Colorado River Basin, have been the focus of a wide range of research efforts to learn more about the effects of natural and human induced disturbances on the functioning, processes, and components of the regions's ecosystems. Watershed research, spearheaded by the USDA Forest Service and its cooperators, leads to a better understanding of the regions's ecology, and to the formulation of management guidelines to meet the increasing needs of people living in these regions and throughout the Western United States. This paper presents pertinent details of watershed research, that has been accomplished in the Colorado River Basin two regions and to provides highlights of the research results. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000014 ER PT B AU Neary, DG AF Neary, DG GP USDA USDA TI Changing perceptions of watershed management from a retrospective viewpoint SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Watershed management, an ancient concept,was defined in Vedic texts from India that date from 1,000 B.C. This concept has been an integral part of forest and rangeland management in North America throughout the 20(th) century, but its scope has broadened significantly. Although the Forest Reserve Act of 1891 created the reserves that were to become the core of the National Forest System, it was the Pettigrew Amendment to the 1897 Sundry Civil Appropriations Bill that defined the purpose of the forest reserves. The amendment stated that the reserves could be established only to "...improve and protect the forest within the reservation, or for the purpose of securing favorable conditions of water flows...." Clearly, the interpretation of watershed management within the context of forestry in 1897 was for water supply and flood prevention. By mid-century, forest and watershed management had broadened to encompass recreation, range, wildlife, and fish purposes (Multiple Use Act of 1960). In the latter quarter of the 20(th) century, legislation, like the National Forest Management Act, National Environmental Protection Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act, and concepts like ecosystem management have further broadened the goa Is and importance of watershed management beyond that of water supply production and flood prevention. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000019 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF AF Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF GP USDA USDA TI Documenting historical data and accessing it on the World Wide Web SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB New computer technologies facilitate the storage, retrieval, and summarization of watershed-based data sets on the World Wide Web. These data sets are used by researchers when testing and validating predictive models, managers when planning and implementing watershed management practices, educators when learning about hydrologic processes, and decisionmakers when selecting the best course of action from a set of alternatives. Data sets from the Beaver Creek watershed in north central Arizona have been incorporated into a Web site to illustrate this application (http://www.rms.nau.edu/wsmgt/beavercr/). These particular data sets represent natural resource responses to watershed management practices in ponderosa pine forest and pinyon-juniper woodland types in the Southwest. This paper describes procedures to store, retrieve, and summarize watershed-based data, such as those obtained on Beaver Creek, on the World Wide Web. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000021 ER PT B AU Somerville, M DeSimone, D AF Somerville, M DeSimone, D GP USDA USDA TI Securing clean water: A secret to success SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Securing clean water is a primary goal for many agencies, organizations, and concerned citizens. To achieve that goal, agencies have traditionally taken a mostly regulatory approach. In recent years, however, a major trend in government has been to move decision making and action-taking to the local level. Conservation Districts, watershed organizations, and other local groups have taken on increased roles and responsibilities for ensuring a healthy environment. This relatively new phenomenon, alternatively referred to as "locally led conservation" and the "watershed approach", is proving to be a secret to success for securing clean water in Arizona and the nation. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Somerville, M (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000024 ER PT B AU Clary, W Schmidt, L DeBano, L AF Clary, W Schmidt, L DeBano, L GP USDA USDA TI The watershed-riparian connection: A recent concern? SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management ID SEDIMENT AB Management impacts on a watershed can cause a variety of complex responses by the encompassed riparian-stream system. Information about these responses will help land managers select practices that provide the riparian area with the best chance for future health and stability. Since we now recognize that people have been impacting riparian areas for a long time through their actions on the surrounding watersheds, it is appropriate that we apply our knowledge of history to guide our actions in the direction of stabilized watersheds and healthy riparian areas. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Clary, W (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2000 IS 13 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000026 ER PT B AU Clary, WP Kinney, JW AF Clary, WP Kinney, JW GP USDA USDA TI Streambank response to simulated grazing SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Simulated grazing techniques were used to investigate livestock impacts on structural characteristics of streambanks. The treatments consisted of no grazing, moderate early summer grazing, moderate mid summer grazing, and heavy season-long grazing. The heavy season-long treatment resulted in a 11.5 cm depression of the streambank surface, while the moderate treatments depressed the streambank surface about 3 cm. There were no differences between no grazing and moderate grazing treatments on bank angle, bank retreat, or stream width. The heavy season-long treatment produced significant changes in these variables during the 2-year study. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Clary, WP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 292 EP 295 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000040 ER PT B AU Clary, WP Kinney, JW AF Clary, WP Kinney, JW GP USDA USDA TI Riparian-fisheries habitat responses to late spring cattle grazing SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB A grazing study was conducted on a cold, mountain meadow riparian system in central Idaho in response to cattle grazing-salmonid fisheries conflicts. Six pastures were established along a 3(rd) order, 2 to 3 m wide stream to study the effects on fisheries habitat of no grazing, light grazing (20 to 25% use), and medium grazing (35 to 50%) during late June. Most measurements of streamside variables moved closer to those beneficial for salmonid fisheries when pastures were grazed to a 10 cm stubble height; virtually all measurements improved when pastures were grazed to 14 cm stubble height, or when pastures were ungrazed. Many improvements were similar under all 3 treatments indicating that these riparian habitats are compatible with light to medium spring use by cattle (Clary 1999). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Clary, WP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2000 IS 13 BP 296 EP 299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000041 ER PT B AU Rinne, JN Neary, DG AF Rinne, JN Neary, DG GP USDA USDA TI Watersheds and fisheries relationships: State of knowledge, Southwestern United States SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB The relationships and interactions of stream courses, their watersheds, and their aquatic biota have become a contemporary paradigm. Principles and practices of these relationships are generally understood, however, understanding their implications ata landscape scale is embryonic. Because of the threatened and declining status of the native fish fauna of the Southwestern United States, understanding relationships between fish and watershed condition, and the influence of watershed management on stream habitats is critical. The native fish fauna of the American Southwest are low in diversity, unique, threatened and continually declining. The primary objectives of this paper are to briefly state what we know about fish and watershed relationships, define the status of our knowledge, discuss the effects of landscape-level management activities and natural episodic events, and provide recommendations for future habitat, fish research, and management activities. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Rinne, JN (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000042 ER PT B AU Jemison, R Neary, DG AF Jemison, R Neary, DG GP USDA USDA TI Stream channel designs for riparian and wet meadow rangelands in the Southwestern United States SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Inappropriate land uses have degraded wetland and riparian ecosystems throughout the Southwestern United States. In 1996, the Cibola National Forest in New Mexico implemented a channel relocation project, as part of a road improvement project, to determine the feasibility of restoring wet meadow and riparian ecosystems degraded by inappropriately located roads and drainage structures. Results show that channel relocation can provide the hydrologic inputs needed to restore these degraded ecosystems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Jemison, R (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000044 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Kruse, WH AF Baker, MB Kruse, WH GP USDA USDA TI Assessment of effects of canopy disturbance on plants in a pinyon-juniper stand SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000046 ER PT B AU Edminster, CB Weatherspoon, CP Neary, DG AF Edminster, CB Weatherspoon, CP Neary, DG GP USDA USDA TI The fire and fire surrogates study: Providing guidelines for fire in future forest watershed management decisions SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB As part of the 1998 Joint USDA/USDI Fire Science Program, the Fire and Fire Surrogates Study was proposed to establish and evaluate cross-comparisons of fuels treatment practices and techniques to reduce wildfire risk. This study evaluates prescribed fire, thinning, and various mechanical treatment methods for treating, removing, or using woody biomass. Site-specific and study-wide evaluations will assess watershed impacts, soil disturbance, vegetation responses, wild-life changes, ecological consequences, social impacts, economics, and potential effects on wildfire size, severity, and cost. The study design is flexible to address local treatment variations and effects and will be installed at 10 locations representative of Interior Washington-Oregon, Northern California, Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountain, Southwest Ponderosa Pine, Southern Pine, and mixed hardwood-oak forest ecosystems. This paper outlines the study components and discusses the potential for providing guidance on the treatment of fuels and use of fire for future watershed management decisions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Edminster, CB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 312 EP 315 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000047 ER PT B AU Gottfried, GJ Edminster, CB Bemis, RJ Allen, LS Curtin, CG AF Gottfried, GJ Edminster, CB Bemis, RJ Allen, LS Curtin, CG GP USDA USDA TI Research support for land management in the Southwestern Borderlands SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB The Malpai Borderlands Group, Animas Foundation, other private organizations, and federal and state agencies are concerned about landscape fragmentation, declining productivity, and loss of biological diversity related to encroachment of woody species. In response, they are attempting to implement ecosystem management on almost 1 million acres of grasslands and woodlands in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Reintroduction of natural fire is an important component for achieving ecosystem sustainability. A number of government and private organizations are supporting or conducting research on ecosystem and landscape ecology and management techniques. The research covers several general areas including information syntheses, resource inventories, historical environmental changes, fire and Borderlands ecosystems, range restoration, and the relationship between species ecology and land management. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Gottfried, GJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2000 IS 13 BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000051 ER PT B AU Overby, ST Moir, WH Robertson, GT AF Overby, ST Moir, WH Robertson, GT GP USDA USDA TI Soil and vegetation changes in a pinyon-juniper area in central Arizona after prescribed fire SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Prescribed fire has been used as an inexpensive and rapid method for disposing of slash following fuelwood sales in pinyon-juniper sites. Soil heating during a fire has a direct effect on soil nutrients and microbial activity. The potential for understory cover quantity and quality, along with soil nutrient changes should be the determining factors in management decisions to use Prescribed fire for slash disposal. Our investigation measured soil-nitrogen and phosphorus changes; and the understory community following a prescribed fire in a pinyon-juniper site in central Arizona. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Overby, ST (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000063 ER PT B AU Neary, DG Robichaud, PR Beyers, JL AF Neary, DG Robichaud, PR Beyers, JL GP USDA USDA TI Burned area-emergency watershed rehabilitation: Program goals, techniques, effectiveness, and future directions in the 21st century SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Following wildfires, burned areas are assessed by special teams to determine if emergency watershed rehabilitation measures are required to restore watershed function and minimize damage to soil resources. The objective of burned area emergency rehabilitation (BAER) treatments is to restore watershed condition and reduce erosional losses on hillslopes, in channels, and on road surfaces and peripheral areas such as ditches. In the Western United States, a project is currently in progress to determine the costs and effectiveness of BAER projects in restoring watershed function. Results of this project will help establish the future directions of the BAER program into the 21(st) century. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000064 ER PT B AU Affleck, RS AF Affleck, RS GP USDA USDA TI Water and land management: Some examples of USDA international programs SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management C1 Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000073 ER PT B AU Miller, SN Youberg, A Guertin, DP Goodrich, DC AF Miller, SN Youberg, A Guertin, DP Goodrich, DC GP USDA USDA TI Channel morphology investigations using geographic information systems and field research SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Stream channels are integral to watershed function and are affected by watershed management decisions. Given an understanding of the relationships among channel and watershed variables, they may serve as indicators of upland condition or used in distributed rainfall-runoff models. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of fluvial morphology as related to watershed characteristics for two disparate sites in Arizona. Detailed geographic information system (GIS) analyses were combined with 297 cross-section surveys. Statistical relationships among GIS-based watershed and field-based channel variables are presented and explanations for discrepancies between sites are given. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000076 ER PT B AU Huebner, DP Baker, MB Ffolliott, PF AF Huebner, DP Baker, MB Ffolliott, PF GP USDA USDA TI Increasing efficiency of information dissemination and collection through the World Wide Web SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Researchers, managers, and educators have access to revolutionary technology for information transfer through the World Wide Web (Web). Using the Web to effectively gather and distribute information is addressed in this paper. Tools, tips, and strategies are discussed. Companion Web sites are provided to guide users in selecting the most appropriate tool for searching and promoting Web sites, and to help users maximize the potential of the Web. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Huebner, DP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000077 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF AF Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF GP USDA USDA TI An on-line image data base system: Managing image collections SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Many researchers and land management personnel want photographic records of the phases of their studies or projects. Depending on the personnel and the type of project, a study can result in a few or hundreds of photographic images. A data base system allows users to query using various parameters, such as keywords, dates, and project locations, and to view images matching the query. This application helps select and locate images for presentations, reports, and publications. The image data base is also available on the World Wide Web. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000078 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF AF Baker, MB Huebner, DP Ffolliott, PF GP USDA USDA TI Accessing a personalized bibliography with a searchable system on the World Wide Web SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Researchers, educator's and land management personnel routinely construct bibliographies to assist them in managing publications that relate to their work. These personalized bibliographies are unique and valuable to others in the same discipline. This paper presents a computer data base system that provides users with the ability to search a bibliography through the World Wide Web (Web). To illustrate this system, a bibliography of publications produced by the USDA Forest Service and its cooperators is used. Users can search the references on the Web using parameters such as date, author, key words, title, or a combination of these fields. This procedure can increase the accessibility and value of personalized bibliographies. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 428 EP 430 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000079 ER PT B AU Baker, MB Young, DJ AF Baker, MB Young, DJ GP USDA USDA TI Dissemination of watershed management information through the World Wide Web SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Information and related literature on watershed management practices is sometimes not widely known nor readily accessible. New electronic technologies provide unique tools for disseminating research findings to scientists, educators, land management professionals, and the public. This paper illustrates how the usefulness and accessibility of research information from the Beaver Creek Experimental watershed in north central Arizona increases using the World Wide Web. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Baker, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 431 EP 433 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000080 ER PT B AU Neary, DG Ffolliott, PF Brooks, KN AF Neary, DG Ffolliott, PF Brooks, KN GP USDA USDA TI Increasing the visibility of watershed management as a land management profession SO LAND STEWARDSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Land Stewardship in the 21st Century - The Contributions of Watershed Management CY MAR 13-16, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Res Ctr Conservat Water Resources & Disaster Prevent, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Univ Minnesota, Ctr Integrated Nat Resources & Agr Management, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Int Arid Lands Consortium, USDA Nat Resources Conversat Serv, Bur Land Management, Salt River Project, Soc Amer Foresters, SW Sect, SO Arizona Chapter, IUFRO Working Party 8 04 04, Eros Control Watershed Management AB Population increases will continue to severely pressure water resources in the 21(st) century. Consequently, the importance of watershed management will increase. The potential demand in the next century for information on, and individuals skilled in, watershed management raises several important issues: the need for watershed management to have a central voice to gain the attention of political, government agency, university, and business leaders; the adequacy of watershed management professional training; the need to identify watershed management as a discipline; and the need for a new organization with a central focus on watershed management to support for watershed management professionals. This paper addresses and solicits inputs on these issues to advance the watershed management into the 21(st) century. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 13 BP 434 EP 438 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ79F UT WOS:000089528000081 ER EF