FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Murray, AK Nichols, RL Munk, DS Sassenrath-Cole, GF AF Murray, AK Nichols, RL Munk, DS Sassenrath-Cole, GF TI Cell wall biosynthesis in developing cotton fibers: Glucan oligomers SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Glycozyme Inc, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 10 IS 10 MA 92 BP 1102 EP 1102 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 360JN UT WOS:000089664300104 ER PT J AU Andersson, MBO King, JW Blomberg, LG AF Andersson, MBO King, JW Blomberg, LG TI Synthesis of fatty alcohol mixtures from oleochemicals in supercritical fluids SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-ESTER HYDROGENATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRODUCTS; OILS AB Hydrogenation of various types of oleochemicals is a major unit operation in industry. Traditional methods utilize batch, stirred reactor operation resulting in long reaction times and excessive use of catalyst and hydrogen. In this study, reduction of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to fatty alcohol mixtures in two different types of supercritical media (H(2)/CO(2) and H(2)/C(3)H(8)) were compared using two different hydrogenation catalysts. High and rapid conversions are achieved at the highest experimental temperature (250 degrees C) and at a hydrogenation mole fraction of 0.25. The described hydrogenation methods has been coupled with an enzymatic-catalyzed transesterification to yield a novel sequential two step synthetic procedure, which permits high fatty alcohol yields to be achieved directly from soybean oil. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Karlstad Univ, Dept Chem, S-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Arrhenius Labs Nat Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Blomberg, LG (reprint author), Karlstad Univ, Dept Chem, S-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. EM lars.blomberg@kau.se NR 25 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 2 IS 5 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1039/b003039m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 362XQ UT WOS:000089803900013 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Harper, JK Takeda, F Wade, EM Summerfelt, ST AF Adler, PR Harper, JK Takeda, F Wade, EM Summerfelt, ST TI Economic evaluation of hydroponics and other treatment options for phosphorus removal in aquaculture effluent SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 993 EP 999 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200002 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Scott, JW Shewmaker, CK Schuch, W AF Baldwin, EA Scott, JW Shewmaker, CK Schuch, W TI Flavor trivia and tomato aroma: Biochemistry and possible mechanisms for control of important aroma components SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aroma Generation by Horticultural Crops: What Can we Control at the 94th ASHA Annual Conference CY JUL 24, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Postharvest PH Working Grp ID ANTISENSE RNA; TRANSGENIC TOMATOES; POLYGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ODOR THRESHOLDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FATTY-ACIDS; FRUIT C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. Calgene Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Zeneca Plant Sci, Jealotts Hill Res Stn, Bracknell RG42 6ET, Berks, England. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. EM ebaldwin@citrus.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 84 TC 162 Z9 184 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1022 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200005 ER PT J AU Fellman, JK Miller, TW Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP AF Fellman, JK Miller, TW Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP TI Factors that influence biosynthesis of volatile flavor compounds in apple fruits SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aroma Generation by Horticultural Crops: What Can we Control at the 94th ASHA Annual Conference CY JUL 24, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Postharvest PH Working Grp ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; AMINO-ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; AROMA; METABOLISM; ALCOHOLS; HARVEST; QUALITY C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fellman, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 51 TC 134 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1026 EP 1033 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200007 ER PT J AU Glenn, DM AF Glenn, DM TI Physiological effects of incomplete root-zone wetting on plant growth and their implications for irrigation management SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Water Management and Water Relations of Horticultural Crops at the 94th ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 24, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Water Utilizat & Management Working Grp, Citrus Crops Working Grp, Root Growth & Rhizosphere Dynam Working Grp ID SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; PEACH SEEDLINGS; WATER RELATIONS; NITROGEN UPTAKE; NITRATE UPTAKE; SOIL-MOISTURE; DRYING SOIL; SYSTEM; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Glenn, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1043 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200010 ER PT J AU Shannon, MC Grieve, CM AF Shannon, MC Grieve, CM TI Options for using low-quality water for vegetable crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Water Management and Water Relations of Horticulturalk Crops at the 94th ASHS Annual Conference CY JUL 24, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Water Utilizat & Management Working Grp, Citrus Crops Working Grp, Root Growth & Rhizosphere Dynam Working Grp ID SALT TOLERANCE; SALINITY; GROWTH; IRRIGATION; CULTIVARS; TOMATOES; STRESS; PLANTS; YIELD; WHEAT C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Shannon, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1062 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200015 ER PT J AU Buta, JG Abbott, JA AF Buta, JG Abbott, JA TI Browning inhibition of fresh-cut 'Anjou', 'Bartlett', and 'Bosc' pears SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pyrus communis; 4-hexylresorcinol; N-acetylcysteine; potassium sorbate ID LIGHTLY PROCESSED FRUITS; VEGETABLES AB Treatments to inhibit browning and maintain quality of fresh-cut 'Anjou', 'Bartlett', and 'Bosc' pears (Pyrus communis L.) were developed. Slices of 'Anjou', 'Bartlett', and 'Bosc' pears (firmness 22, 36, and 22 N, respectively) were dipped in solutions of 4-hexylresorcinol, isoascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and potassium sorbate prior to storage in air for up to 14 days at 5 degreesC. Inhibition of browning without loss of firmness and with no microbial growth was achieved for the three cultivars for 14 d, Inhibition of browning during 14 d storage at 5 degreesC was not affected by initial firmness (21-52 N) of 'Anjou' pear slices. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buta, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1113 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200029 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD AF McCreight, JD TI Inheritance of resistance to lettuce infectious yellows virus in melon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; closterovirus; disease; germplasm; Cucumis melo; muskmelon; whitefly; Bemisia tabaci; sweetpotato whitefly; Bemisia argentifolii; silverleaf whitefly AB Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV), transmitted by the sweetpotato whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), seriously affected melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in the loa er desert areas of the southwest United States from 1981 through 1990. Melon plant introduction (PI) 313970 was previously found resistant to LIYV in naturally infected field tests and controlled-inoculation greenhouse tests. Data from F-1 and segregating generations from crosses of PI313970 with LIYV-susceptible lines indicated that resistance in this accession is conditioned by a dominant allele at a single locus designated Lettuce infectious yellows (Liy). C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1118 EP 1120 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200031 ER PT J AU Wehner, TC Shetty, NV Clark, RL AF Wehner, TC Shetty, NV Clark, RL TI Screening the cucumber germplasm collection for combining ability for yield SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; fruiting; germplasm evaluation; vegetable breeding; fruit number ID ONCE-OVER-HARVEST; EFFICIENCY; TRIALS AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plant introduction (PI) accessions from the regional PI station at Ames, Iowa were evaluated in open-field production for single-harvest yield at Clinton, N.C. and Ames, Iowa. Check cultivars and experimental inbreds were also tested for comparison with the PI accessions (the three groups hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens), In order to make the evaluation more uniform for all cultigens regardless of sex expression and fruit size, all were crossed with Gy 14, a gynoecious pickling cucumber inbred used commonly in the production of commercial hybrids. The resulting 761 gynoecious hybrids were tested for early, total, and marketable yield using recommended cultural practices. Results were obtained for 725 cultigens at both locations. Significant differences were observed among cultigens for all traits evaluated. Differences between the two locations were also significant for total yield, corrected total yield, and percentage of early fruit. The interaction of cultigen and location was significant for standardized total yield and standardized corrected total yield. The highest yielding hybrids at both locations were produced using the following cultigens as male (paternal) parents: PI 422185, PI 390253, PI 175120, PI 173889, PI 267087, PI 175686, PI 178888, PI 385967, PI 458851, and PI 171601. The highest and lowest yielding paternal parents from the germplasm screening study were retested, along with check cultigens in a multiple-harvest trial at Clinton, N.C. Cultigens were evaluated directly, rather than as hybrids with Gy 14, and fruit number, fruit weight, and sex expression were recorded. Most cultigens performed as expected for the yield traits in the retest study. The exceptions were 'Wautoma' and PI 339250, which were among the low and high yielders in the first test, but were ranked as medium and low, respectively, in the retest study. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wehner, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1141 EP 1150 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200036 ER PT J AU Scully, BT Beiriger, RL Olczyk, T Stavely, JR AF Scully, BT Beiriger, RL Olczyk, T Stavely, JR TI 'BeltGlade RR-1','BeltGlade RR-2', and 'BeltGlade RR-3': Rust-resistant snap bean breeding lines with the Ur-4 and Ur-11 genes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backcross and pedigree breeding; Phaseolus vulgaris; Uromyces appendiculatus C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Miami Dade Cty Cooperat Extens Serv, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Stavely, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1180 EP 1182 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 365RL UT WOS:000089964200048 ER PT J AU Dugas, TR Morel, DW Harrison, EH AF Dugas, TR Morel, DW Harrison, EH TI Novel cell culture medium for use in oxidation experiments provides insights into mechanisms of endothelial cell-mediated oxidation of LDL SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; lipoprotein; free radical; iron; copper ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDIZED LDL; SUPEROXIDE; ATHEROGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE; MONOCYTES AB Though one prominent theory of atherogenesis involves free-radical oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within the vessel wall by one of the vascular cell types, the mechanism for cell-mediated LDL oxidation remains unclear[sn1]. In these studies we examined the effects of media phenols, thiols, and metals on endothelial cell-mediated oxidation. We found that cell culture media such as Dulbecco modified Eagle medium and minimal essential medium are unable to support cell-mediated oxidation of LDL because they contain high concentrations of phenol red (PR) and tyrosine, both of which strongly inhibit cell-mediated oxidation. Ham's F-10, a commonly used medium for cell-mediated oxidation experiments, is also not entirely appropriate, as it contains both PR and cysteine. Cysteine is not critical for endothelial cell-mediated oxidation, but does increase oxidation of LDL in the absence of cells. Finally, of utmost importance to cell-mediated oxidation was the presence of either micromolar concentrations of Fe(III) or physiological concentrations of holo-ceruloplasmin, the protein which carries copper in plasma. An appropriate culture medium for use in cell-mediated oxidation experiments should thus contain either micromolar concentrations of Fe(II) or physiological concentrations of holo-ceruloplasmin, and should be prepared without PR, cysteine, or large concentrations of tyrosine, all of which are shown here to inhibit endothelial cell-mediated LDL oxidation. These results are consistent with a mechanism of cell-mediated oxidation involving Fenton-type chemistry and redox cycling of the metal. C1 Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morel, DW (reprint author), Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Box 118,600 S 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 9 BP 571 EP 577 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 397AP UT WOS:000166671000005 ER PT J AU Abbott, TP AF Abbott, TP TI Symposium on Simmondsin. Held at the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Meeting, 20 October, 1999 in Eugene, Oregon, USA SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Abbott, TP (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 149 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00065-0 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400001 ER PT J AU Purcell, HC Abbott, TP Holser, RA Phillips, BS AF Purcell, HC Abbott, TP Holser, RA Phillips, BS TI Simmondsin and wax ester levels in 100 high-yielding jojoba clones SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Simmondsin held at the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops Meeting CY OCT 20, 1999 CL EUGENE, OREGON SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE jojoba; Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider; wax esters; simmondsin; appetite suppression; new crop ID MEAL AB This 3-year study examines differences in simmondsin and wax ester production by 100 previously identified high-yielding jojoba clones. Over the past 3 years the USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR) analyzed seed samples from Purcell Jojoba International's (PJI) large 17-year-old Variety Trial program. These 100 clones were the top producers out of 1523 clones that bad been mass-selected from more than 1.5 million, open-pollinated, female plants. Broad selection criteria were applied to retain a healthy degree of the natural plants' heterogeneity and hybrid vigor. In this study, one female clone produced 82% higher simmondsin levels than the mean of the 100 clones analyzed. Another clone produced 16% higher liquid wax ester levels than industry average. A few clones had high levels of both, simmondsins and esters. In addition, the differences in fatty acid and fatty alcohol among the clones were also studied. These analyses help provide a strong foundation for major growth of the jojoba industry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purcell Jojoba Int LLC, Avila Beach, CA 93424 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Purcell, HC (reprint author), Purcell Jojoba Int LLC, POB 659,142 Front St, Avila Beach, CA 93424 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00066-2 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400002 ER PT J AU Baek, JS Kim, HY Yoo, SS Cheong, TK Kim, MJ Lee, SB Abbott, TP Song, HJ Rhyu, MR Oh, BH Park, KH AF Baek, JS Kim, HY Yoo, SS Cheong, TK Kim, MJ Lee, SB Abbott, TP Song, HJ Rhyu, MR Oh, BH Park, KH TI Synthesis of acarbose transfer products by Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase with simmondsin SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Simmondsin held at the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops Meeting CY OCT 20, 1999 CL EUGENE, OREGON SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BSMA); transglycosylation; acarbose; simmondsin; food intake inhibition; blood glucose ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; RESOLUTION AB Simmondsin, a material related to food intake inhibition from jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), was transglycosylated by Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BSMA) reaction with acarbose to synthesize an antiobese compound with hypoglycemic activity. Ten percent each of acarbose and simmondsin were mixed and incubated with BSMA at 55 degrees C. Glycosylation products of simmondsin were observed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance ion chromatography (HPIC). The major transfer product was purified by using Biogel P-2 column. The structure was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time of flight (MALDI-TOF)/mass spectrometry (MS) and C-13-NMR. The major transglycosylation product was pseudotrisaccharide (PTS)-simmondsin, in which PTS was attached by an alpha-(1 --> 6) glycosidic linkage to simmondsin. The administration of transglycosylated simmondsin with acarbose (200 mg/kg per day for 6 days) significantly reduced the food intake by 74%, comparable to 62% of simmondsin versus control in ob/ob mice. The transfer product (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the postprandial blood glucose response to starch (2 g/kg) by 68%, comparable to 60% of acarbose in Zucker fa/fa rats. The results indicated that the transfer products would be effective agents in lowering both food intake and blood glucose. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Res Ctr New Biomat Agr, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Korea Food Res Inst, Food Chem & Biotechnol Div, Sungnam 463420, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Coll Anim Husb, Seoul 143701, South Korea. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Park, KH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. RI Oh, Byung-Ha/C-2061-2011 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00069-8 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400005 ER PT J AU York, DA Singer, L Oliver, J Abbott, TP Bray, GA AF York, DA Singer, L Oliver, J Abbott, TP Bray, GA TI The detrimental effect of simmondsin on food intake and body weight of rats SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Simmondsin held at the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops Meeting CY OCT 20, 1999 CL EUGENE, OREGON SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE energy expenditure; cholecystokinin; lorglumide; conditioned taste aversion; capsaicin vagotomy ID JOJOBA MEAL; CHOLECYSTOKININ AB Background: Simmondsin is a cyanomethylene glycoside, derived from the desert shrub, Simmondsia chinensis. Simmondsin has been reported to produce weight loss and to decrease food intake, an effect that can be blocked by treatment with an inhibitor of cholecystokinin. Study design: Six experiments were conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: In two acute experiments where simmondsin was either added to the diet or injected, there was a dose-related reduction in food intake. The CCK, antagonist, lorglumide, did not block the acute inhibitory effects of simmondsin on food intake and simmondsin did not produce conditioned taste aversion. In two chronic feeding studies, the high dose of simmondsin (0.5%) in the diet produced profound weight loss and death in rats. At autopsy, the kidney, heart and liver of the treated animals were larger than the pair-fed animals and there was a marked suppression of the bone marrow elements with severe anemia. Conclusion: Simmondsin is toxic with profound effects on the hematopoietic system. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP York, DA (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00070-4 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400006 ER PT J AU Abbott, TP Flo, G Frank, L Holser, RA Kolojziejczyk, P York, D Nelsen, T AF Abbott, TP Flo, G Frank, L Holser, RA Kolojziejczyk, P York, D Nelsen, T TI Interlaboratory comparison of simmondsin analysis SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Simmondsin held at the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops Meeting CY OCT 20, 1999 CL EUGENE, OREGON SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE simmondsin; analysis; interlaboratory; capillary electrophoresis ID DEFATTED JOJOBA MEAL AB Eleven samples containing various amounts of simmondsin (S), simmondsin ferulate (SF), demethyl simmondsins (DMS) and didemethyl simmondsins (DDMS) were analyzed by five different laboratories. The samples were made from chromatographically pure simmondsin, animal feed formulations containing jojoba meal, defatted jojoba meal, water extracts of jojoba meal and combinations of these ingredients. Where mixes were made, all materials were ground together in a coffee mill and sieved. Four laboratories analyzed for simmondsin and related components and one laboratory analyzed for only S. The means of the S, SF, DMS and DDMS percentages in the samples were determined to be: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purified simmondsin, 94.1% S, 0 SF, 6.30% DMS, 0.52% DDMS; recrystallized simmondsin, 99.6% S, 0 SF, 1.01% DMS, 0 DDMS; water extract of jojoba meal 1, 29.2% S, 2.62% SF, 3.45% DMS, 9.47% DDMS; water extract of jojoba meal 2, 20.6% S, 2.00% SF, 2.81% DMS, 8.66% DDMS; formulated pet food with simmondsin, 0.59% S, 0 SF, 0 DMS, 0.01% DDMS; defatted jojoba presscake 7.05% S, 1.55% SF, 1.34% DMS, 3.48% DDMS. Using a Rank-Sum test, no laboratory demonstrated a consistently higher or lower bias compared to other laboratories for simmondsin analysis. Simmondsin analysis had less variability (C.V. = 44) than other component analyses. Reproducibility for a blind duplicate sample of defatted jojoba presscake demonstrated that four of the five laboratories were consistent in simmondsin analysis. Water extracts of jojoba meal were shown to be highly variable in simmondsin content. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Lark Enterprises Inc, Webster, MA 01570 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. POS Pilot Plant Corp, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2R4, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Abbott, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00073-X PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400009 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE AF Harry-O'kuru, RE TI Modification of simmondsin and its demethylated analogues SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Simmondsin held at the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Industrial-Crops Meeting CY OCT 20, 1999 CL EUGENE, OREGON SP Assoc Advancement Ind Crops DE simmondsin; demethyl simmondsin; didemethyl simmondsin; heptamethyl simmondsin; heptaacetyl simmondsin; hexaacetyl simmondsin; lipase; 6,6-dihydroxy-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-diazepin triflate; oxone; 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; simmondsin epoxide ID FOOD-INTAKE; DIOXIRANES; RATS AB Simmondsin and its analogues, demethyl-, didemethylsimmondsins (DMS/DDMS) and the 2'- and 3'-simmondsin ferulates are components isolable from jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) seed meal. While the parent compound, simmondsin, is reported to exhibit anorexic properties, its demethylated analogues not only lack this behavior, they also have no identifiable market value. To create optimum utilization of these by-products, the goal of this research project was to chemically functionalize DMS and DDMS thereby transforming them to materials having economic potential. Thus using the intrinsic chemical properties of the olefin groups in DMS, simmondsin oxide analogues have been generated. It is expected these simmondsin oxiranes would provide platforms for expanding utilization of the otherwise waste materials of jojoba seed meal processing. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(00)00074-1 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 358TC UT WOS:000089572400010 ER PT J AU Leite, F Brown, JF Sylte, MJ Briggs, RE Czuprynski, CJ AF Leite, F Brown, JF Sylte, MJ Briggs, RE Czuprynski, CJ TI Recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta amplifies the effects of partially purified Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine neutrophils in a beta(2)-integrin-dependent manner SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CYTO-TOXIN; PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; IN-VITRO; LEUKOCYTES; EXPRESSION; ADHESION; CELLS; LESIONS AB The influx and death of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the infected lung are hallmarks of bovine pasteurellosis. Recent reports have shown that the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (LKT) and other RTX toxins bind beta(2)-integrins on target cells. In this study we demonstrate that exposure of bovine neutrophils to recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta upregulates beta(2)-integrins (CD11a/CD18), which in turn enhance the binding and amplify the biological effects of partially purified LKT on these cells. LKT binding and cytotoxicity were inhibited by addition of an anti-integrin antibody (CD11a/CD18). These findings help to clarify the early events that occur in bovine pasteurellosis and support the hypothesis that inflammatory mediators might increase the severity of pasteurellosis by causing upregulation of beta(2)-integrins that serve as an LKT receptor on bovine neutrophils. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Czuprynski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5581 EP 5586 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.10.5581-5586.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 355QE UT WOS:000089395700016 PM 10992457 ER PT J AU Baker, JE Fabrick, JA AF Baker, JE Fabrick, JA TI Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; host; hemolymph proteins; larvae; midgut; digestion; proteinase; trypsin ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PARASITOIDS; INHIBITORS AB Host plasma proteins and protein digestion in larval parasitoids were studied during trophic interactions of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a host, larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). We could detect no apparent differences in host hemolymph protein patterns up to 72 h after paralysation and/or parasitization by H. hebetor. A 190 kDa putative apolipophorin I present in host hemolymph could not be detected in the midguts of feeding H. hebetor larvae indicating that it is rapidly digested. The major 60 kDa storage proteins (putative hexamerins) in host hemolymph were detected in the parasitoid midgut and were completely digested 24 h after cessation of feeding and the beginning of cocoon formation. Host hemolymph had a pH of about 6.4. The pH optima of the midgut proteinases in the larval parasitoid were in the alkaline region, but midgut fluid in feeding parasitoid larvae was about pH 6.8. Based on enzyme activity against selected artificial proteinase substrates including azocasein, N-alpha-benzoyl-L-Arg p-nitroanilide (BApNA), succinyl-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA), succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu p-nitroanilide (SAAPLpNA), and inhibition by selected proteinase inhibitors, serine proteinases appear to be the predominant class of enzymes involved in protein digestion in the midguts of H. hebetor. There is also an active aminopeptidase (LpNA) associated with the microsomal fraction of midgut preparations. There was no evidence for preoral digestion or ingestion of proteinases from host hemolymph by the parasitoid larva. There was a very active BApNAase in the soluble fraction of midgut extracts. This activity increased on a per midgut basis up to 24 h after the beginning of cocoon formation but decreased rapidly by 48 h. Two major (P1 and P3) and several minor proteinases were detected in midgut extracts of H. hebetor analysed with gelatin zymograms. The apparent molecular mass of P1 varied from 95 to 49 kDa depending on protein loading. P3 had an apparent molecular mass of 39 kDa that was independent of protein loading. In summary, electrophoretic evidence indicates that host hemolymph protein patterns do not change significantly for at least 72 h after paralysation by H. hebetor. The role, if any, of envenomization in preventing breakdown of hemolymph proteins during this time remains to be determined. Because the predominant host hemolymph proteins, a putative apolipophorin I and the putative hexamerins, are readily digested by the serine proteinases present in the midguts of this parasitoid larva, these or similar proteins would provide an easily digested source of dietary amino acids that could be used for development of artificial diets for this beneficial insect. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 937 EP 946 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00066-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 354HV UT WOS:000089324600005 PM 10899460 ER PT J AU Hernandez, R He, HQ Chen, AC Waghela, SD Ivie, GW George, JE Wagner, GG AF Hernandez, R He, HQ Chen, AC Waghela, SD Ivie, GW George, JE Wagner, GG TI Identification of a point mutation in an esterase gene in different populations of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; esterases; point mutation; pyrethroid resistance; southern blot ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; AMPLIFICATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; IXODIDAE; ACARI; CDNA AB Two esterase cDNA sequences were obtained from susceptible and organophosphorus resistant strains of Boophilus microplus. Both sequences have a high degree of homology to carboxylesterase B. One gene has identical sequences in both strains and the other showed two point mutations. One mutation produces an amino acid substitution when the amino acid sequence is deduced, this mutation was detected in six different populations susceptible and resistant to insecticides, but a pyrethroid resistant strain was the only one that showed only the mutant allele. Identification of this mutation and the strong signal detected in southern blot with this strain, suggest that esterases are contributing to detoxification of pyrethroid compounds, as a resistant mechanism in Mexican strains of the southern cattle tick. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cenid Parasitol Vet INIFAP SAGAR, Civac 62500, Morelos, Mexico. ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Wagner, GG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00069-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 354HV UT WOS:000089324600008 PM 10899463 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Valles, SM Dong, K AF Liu, ZQ Valles, SM Dong, K TI Novel point mutations in the German cockroach para sodium channel gene are associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ion channel; insecticide resistance ID BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; DROSOPHILA; NEURONS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; DICTYOPTERA; TIPE AB Knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides has been attributed to point mutations in the para sodium channel gene in more than a half dozen insect pest species. In this study, we identified two novel para mutations in five highly resistant kdr-type German cockroach strains. The two mutations, from glutamic acid (E434) to lysine (K434) and from cysteine (C764) to arginine (R764), respectively, are located in the first intracellular linker connecting domains I and II. E434K is located near the beginning of the linker (closest to domain I), whereas C764R is found toward the end of the linker (closest to domain II). Two additional mutations from aspartic acid (D58) to glycine (G58), and from proline (P1880) to leucine (L1888), respectively, were found in one of the resistant strains. The four mutations coexist with the previously identified leucine to phenylalanine (L993F) kdr mutation in IIS6, and are present only in the highly resistant individuals of a given strain. These findings suggest that these mutations might be responsible for high levels of knockdown resistance toward pyrethroid insecticides in the German cockroach. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Program Neurosci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dong, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057440-12, 8-R1GM57440A, R01 GM057440] NR 35 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00074-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 354HV UT WOS:000089324600010 PM 10899465 ER PT J AU Ebel, E Schlosser, W AF Ebel, E Schlosser, W TI Estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salmonella; eggs; Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; layers; Monte Carlo ID LAYING HENS; ORGAN INVASION; LEGHORN CHICKS; PHAGE TYPE-4; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; COLONIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; POULTRY; MODEL AB Using available data on the occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in US layer flocks and eggs, and a probabilistic scenario tree method, an estimate of the fraction of SE-contaminated eggs produced annually is derived with attendant uncertainty. In lieu of a definitive prevalence survey, the approach presented here provides insight to the relative contribution of various pathways leading to contaminated eggs. A Monte Carlo model with four branches is developed. The first branch predicts the proportion of all US flocks that are SE-affected. The second branch apportions SE-affected hocks into three categories (high, moderate, and low level affected flocks) based on population-adjusted epidemiologic data. The third branch predicts the proportion of affected flocks that are molted and producing eggs during a high risk period subsequent to molt. The fourth branch predicts the fraction of contaminated eggs produced by flocks of the type described by the pathway (e.g. high level affected flocks that are not molted) based on egg sampling evidence from naturally infected flocks. The model is simulated to account for uncertainty in the data used to estimate the branch probabilities. Correlation analysis is used to estimate the sensitivity of model output to various model inputs. The output of this model is an uncertainty distribution for the fraction of all eggs that are SE-contaminated during 1 year of production in the US. The expected value of this distribution is approximately one SE-affected egg in every 20 000 eggs annually produced, and the 90% certainty interval is between one SE-contaminated egg in 30 000 eggs, and one SE-contaminated egg in 12 000 eggs. The model estimates that an average of 14% of all eggs (i.e. contaminated and not contaminated) from affected flocks are produced by high level, non-molted affected flocks, but these flocks are estimated to account for more than two-thirds of the total fraction of contaminated eggs produced annually. Sensitivity analysis also suggests that the proportion of affected flocks that are high level Rocks - and the egg contamination frequency for these types of flocks - are the most sensitive model inputs. The model's pathways provide a framework for evaluating interventions to reduce the number of contaminated eggs produced in the US. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the model identifies those inputs whose uncertainty is most influential on the model's output. Future farm-level research priorities can be established on the basis of this analysis, but public policy decisions require a fuller exposure assessment and dose-response analysis to account for microbial growth dynamics, meal preparation, and consumption demographics among US egg consumers. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ebel, E (reprint author), 555 S Howes, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00375-5 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 358RQ UT WOS:000089571300006 PM 11028959 ER PT J AU Grinker, JA Tucker, KL Vokonas, PS Rush, D AF Grinker, JA Tucker, KL Vokonas, PS Rush, D TI Changes in patterns of fatness in adult men in relation to serum indices of cardiovascular risk: the Normative Aging Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE BMI; waist circumference; aging; serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides; glucose ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; BLOOD LIPID-LEVELS; AGED 35-65 YEARS; WEIGHT CHANGE; FOLLOW-UP; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DANISH MEN AB BACKGROUND: Overweight and/or excessive weight gain, as well as changes in central fat deposition, have been implicated in increased incidence of coronary disease and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We related adiposity (BMI, kg/m(2), and waist circumference, WC, cm) to biochemical risk factors (cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations) for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. DESIGN: Associations were examined both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, among 867 men enrolled in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). We included all participants with complete anthropometric and clinical data at both enrollment (average age 45 y) and after approximately 15 y of follow-up (average age 60 y). We used multiple linear regression analysis to test relationships between body fatness and change in body fatness and the biochemical indices. RESULTS: In adulthood, concurrent BMI and waist circumference related significantly to triglyceride and glucose concentrations and to 2 h glucose responses at two time points. Measures of fatness 15 y earlier were also predictive of later triglyceride and glucose measures. When included together, BMI, but not WC, remained independently associated with triglycerides at both time points, while WC, but not BMI, remained significantly associated with fasting glucose concentrations and glucose response at the follow-up observation. In contrast, gains in weight and abdominal fat from entry to follow-up related more strongly to serum cholesterol concentrations than did concurrent measures. CONCLUSION: Attained weight, weight gain, and location of weight contribute differentially to these indices of cardiovascular and diabetes risk. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Outpatient Clin, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Prevent Med & Epidemiol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Evans Mem Dept Clin Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 56 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1378 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801397 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 360CH UT WOS:000089648500020 PM 11093301 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Sibbett, GS AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Sibbett, GS TI Host plant resistance to blackmargined aphids on pecan SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA AB The blackmargined aphid is a major insect pest of pecan. Host plant resistance to this insect was tested in two NPACTS (National Pecan Advanced Clone Testing System) tests in California in 1998. Number of aphids per leaf were determined 16 times at weekly intervals. 'Pawnee: which had been shown to be resistant in Texas and Georgia, also demonstrated resistance in California. Aphid populations varied greatly, with the Lagomarsino Test averaging 4.10 aphids per leaf for the season, and the Clark Test averaging 8.52. Temporal variation in each test was great, with significant clone X date interactions. Level of host plant resistance in clones was generally unpredictable, based upon parentage. In pecan breeding programs, this makes testing of potential clone releases imperative, since predictability of performance based on pedigree has limitations. C1 USDA ARS, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. Univ Calif, Cooperat Extens, Visalia, CA 93291 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Route 2,Box 133, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 376JD UT WOS:000165453700008 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Kupferman, EM AF Drake, SR Kupferman, EM TI Maturity and storage quality of 'Jonagold' apples related to starch index SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; ATMOSPHERE AB Quality of 'Jonagold' apples that were harvested at two maturities as determined by starch index was evaluated over three seasons. Apple quality was evaluated after harvest and after regular atmosphere (RA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 2% O-2 and 34b CO2,or 1% O-2 and 1% CO2. At harvest, differences in firmness, soluble solids content, acids and both exterior and interior color was evident between apples harvested at starch index 2 and 4. Apples harvested at a starch index of 2 maintained good quality during 50 days of RA storage and 120 days of CA storage. Delay in the time to establish CA influenced both firmness and acid content of 'Jonagold' apples. The best CA storage atmosphere to maintain the quality of 'Jonagold' apples was 1% O-2 & 1% CO2. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 376JD UT WOS:000165453700012 ER PT J AU Archibald, DD Kays, SE AF Archibald, DD Kays, SE TI Determination of total dietary fiber of intact cereal food products by near-infrared reflectance SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE total dietary fiber; cereal food products; nondestructive analysis; near-infrared reflectance; spectroscopy; InGaAs diode array; multivariate calibration; spectral window ID NIR SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS; DIETETIC-ASSOCIATION; HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; HIGH-SUGAR; PREDICTION; POSITION; SPECTRA; RAMAN AB Near-infrared reflectance spectra of cereal food products were acquired with a commercial dual-diode-array (Si, InGaAs) spectrometer customized to allow rapid acquisition of scans of intact breakfast cereals, snack foods, whole grains, and milled products. Substantial gains in the performance of multivariate calibration models generated from these data were obtained by a computational strategy that systematically analyzed the performance of various spectral windows. The calibration model based on 137 cereal food products determined the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of a test set of 45 intact diverse cereal food products with root-mean-squared error of cross-validation of between 1.8 and 2.0% TDF, relative to the laborious enzymatic-gravimetric reference method. The calibration performance is adequate to estimate TDF over the range of values found in diverse types of cereal food products (0.7-50.1%). The method requires no sample preparation and is relatively unaffected by specimen moisture content. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, 116 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4477 EP 4486 DI 10.1021/jf000206j PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200005 PM 11052687 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Schoch, TK Gardner, DR Stegelmeier, BL AF Lee, ST Schoch, TK Gardner, DR Stegelmeier, BL TI Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for toxic larkspur (Delphinium spp.) alkaloids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE larkspur; delphinium; enzyme-linked immunoassay; norditerpenoid alkaloids ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; TALL LARKSPURS; METHYLLYCACONITINE; INVITRO; RAT AB Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisons thousands of cattle on western rangelands each year. Because poisoning does not cause specific lesions, and poisoned animals are rarely found before they die, definitively identifying poisoned animals is difficult. Additionally, toxin concentrations in larkspur plants vary with environment, plant, and location. Rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic techniques are needed to identify poisoned animals and to determine when and what plants are likely to poison livestock. In this study, three competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (CI-ELISA) for toxic larkspur alkaloids were developed. One assay is class-specific toward the N-(methylsuccinimido)anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) alkaloids, and two assays are specific for individual alkaloids. The assay with the lowest limit of detection had an I-50 Of 191 pg with a limit of detection of 30.5 pg for methyllycaconitine. Spike and recovery studies using bovine blood and brain tissue ranged from 52 to 89%. These findings suggest that with additional development these techniques are likely to be excellent tools for diagnosing poisoned animals and identifying highly toxic plants. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4520 EP 4528 DI 10.1021/jf000600h PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200011 PM 11052693 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Robertson, GH TI Microassay for rapid screening of alpha-amylase activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-amylase; barley alpha-amylase; microassay ID EXPRESSION AB A microassay was developed for measuring the activity of cx-amylases in the nanogram enzyme concentration range, based on the use of dye-labeled cross-linked starch as the substrate, and the release of soluble colored fragments formed in enzyme hydrolysis. Reaction conditions were optimized to generate a linear correlation between the increase in absorbance and a reaction time of 0-10 min, as well as enzyme concentrations in the range of 0-50 ng. A standard curve for the conversion of absorbance to enzyme activity units was constructed. The protocol developed was applied to monitoring the production of ultralow concentrations of recombinant barley alpha -amylase in yeast cells. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4540 EP 4543 DI 10.1021/jf000043z PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200014 PM 11052696 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR AF Mahan, JR TI Thermal dependence of malate synthase activity and its relationship to the thermal dependence of seedling emergence SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cotton; malate synthase; temperature; sunflower; seedling emergence; temperature stress; glyoxylate cycle ID GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; GENE; DEHYDROGENASE; GERMINATION; EXPRESSION AB Cotton yields are often reduced by low temperatures at early planting dates. Improved seedling metabolism at low temperatures may enhance seedling performance. The glyoxylate cycle plays a role in the metabolism of stored lipids, and thus thermal limitations on the function of malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) may be involved in low-temperature limitations on seedlings. The thermal dependencies of the apparent K-M and maximal velocity for the malate synthases from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were determined across a 15-45 degreesC thermal range and used to estimate the thermal dependence of reaction velocity. The thermal dependence of seedling emergence was monitored for both species. The thermal dependencies of predicted reaction velocity and the measured rates of seedling emergence are correlated (cotton r(2) = 0.9, sunflower r(2) = 0.76) and suggest that the thermal dependencies of enzymes predicted from basic kinetic parameters may be useful indicators of the thermal dependence of more complex whole-plant processes. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Route 3, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4544 EP 4549 DI 10.1021/jf9902752 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200015 PM 11052697 ER PT J AU Jacks, TJ De Lucca, AJ Rajasekaran, K Stromberg, K van Pee, KH AF Jacks, TJ De Lucca, AJ Rajasekaran, K Stromberg, K van Pee, KH TI Antifungal and peroxidative activities of nonheme chloroperoxidase in relation to transgenic plant protection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; chloroperoxidase; fungal infection; peracid; plant disease; plant transformation; tobacco ID PSEUDOMONAS-PYRROCINIA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CECROPIN-A; PURIFICATION; SUPEROXIDE AB Nonheme chloroperoxidase (CPO-P) of Pseudomonas pyrrocinia catalyzes the oxidation of alkyl acids to peracids by hydrogen peroxide. Alkyl peracids possess potent antifungal activity as found with peracetate: 50% killing (LD50) of Aspergillus flavus occurred at 25 muM compared to 3.0 mM for the hydrogen peroxide substrate. To evaluate whether CPO-P could protect plants from fungal infection, tobacco was transformed with a gene for CPO-P from P. pyrrocinia and assayed for antifungal activity. Leaf extracts from transformed plants inhibited growth of A. flavus by up to 100%, and levels of inhibition were quantitatively correlated to the amounts of CPO-P activity expressed in leaves. To clarify if the peroxidative activity of CPO-P could be the basis for the increased resistance, the antifungal activity of the purified enzyme was investigated. The LD50 Of hydrogen peroxide combined with CPO-P occurred at 2.0 mM against A. flavus. Because this value was too small to account for the enhanced antifungal activity of transgenic plants, the kinetics of the enzyme reaction was examined and it was found that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide needed for enzyme saturation (K-m = 5.9 mM) was already lethal. Thus, the peroxidative activity of CPO-P is not the basis for antifungal activity or enhanced resistance in transgenic plants expressing the gene. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Biochem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Jacks, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4561 EP 4564 DI 10.1021/jf990746k PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200018 PM 11052700 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE Staddon, WJ Locke, MA AF Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE Staddon, WJ Locke, MA TI Effects of pH on chemical stability and de-esterification of fenoxaprop-ethyl by purified enzymes, bacterial extracts, and soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; esterase; biodegradation; lipase; pseudomonads; microbial metabolism ID FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; C-14 FENOXAPROP; PRAIRIE SOILS; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; METABOLISM; LIPASE AB De-esterification is an initial step in the metabolism of certain herbicides, for example, fenoxapropethyl [(+/-)-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxaolyl)oxy]phenox]propanoate] (FE). The ethyl-ester bond cleavage of FE to fenoxaprop acid (FA) by purified enzymes, crude bacterial enzyme preparations, and soils was investigated. In similar experiments fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was used as an alternative substrate. FE stability was pH sensitive in acidic buffered solutions; that is, below pH 4.6, rapid nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the benzoxazolyl-oxy-phenoxy ether linkage occurred, forming 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-bcnzoxazol-2-one (CDHB) and ethyl 4-hydroxyphenoxypropanoate or 4-hydroxyphenoxypropanoate. With porcine esterase and cell-free Pseudomonas fluorescens extracts, activity on FE and FDA was most rapid at pH 7.6-8.6 but decreased 80-90% at pH 5.6. Yeast (Candida cylindrica) lipase-mediated de-esterification of FE and FDA was not as sensitive to pH; that is, activity at pH 4.6 was 70% of that at pH 7.6. Short-term incubations (20 h) were conducted in eight soils (pH 4.5-6.9) treated with (14)C-chlorophenyl ring-labeled FE (2 mg kg(-1)). In the most acidic soils (pH 4.4-4.5) 25% of the (14)C was recovered as FA, versus 30-40% in moderately acid soils (pH 5.0-5.6) and 55% in neutral soils (pH 6.8-6.9). There was a similar correlation between soil pH and FDA de-esterification. CDHB was formed in all acidic soils with levels 4-fold greater in pH 4.4-4.5 soils than in pH 5.0-5.6 soils. CDHB was not formed in neutral soils. Results demonstrate some chemical hydrolysis (benzoxazolyl-oxy-phenoxy ether linkage) of FE in acid soils, the sensitivity of enzymatic de-esterification of FE to pH, and the potential of FDA as a colorimetric indicator for esterase hydrolysis of FE. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4711 EP 4716 DI 10.1021/jf991062f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200040 PM 11052722 ER PT J AU Zhou, A McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP AF Zhou, A McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP TI Inhibition of formation of oxidative volatile components in fermented cucumbers by ascorbic acid and turmeric SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GC-MS; hexanal; Curcuma longa; tartrazine; curcumin ID ANTIOXIDANT; FOODS AB Two naturally occurring antioxidants, ascorbic acid and turmeric, were effective in inhibiting formation of hexanal, (E)-2-penenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal, and (E)-2-octenal when slurries of fermented cucumber tissue were exposed to oxygen. Added ascorbic acid prevented formation of most of these oxidative aldehydes at 175 ppm or greater. Turmeric, which is used commercially as a-yellow coloring in cucumber pickle products, was found to almost completely prevent aldehyde formation at 40 ppm. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4910 EP 4912 DI 10.1021/jf990669t PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200072 PM 11052754 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Lees, EM Campbell, BC AF Lee, SE Lees, EM Campbell, BC TI Purification and characterization of an esterase conferring resistance to fenitrothion in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Silvanidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Oryzaephilus surinamensis; esterase; enzyme purification; malathion; fenitrothion; chlorpyrifos-methyl ID SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE; STRAINS; CUCUJIDAE; CARBOXYLESTERASE; INSECTICIDES; AUSTRALIA AB Esterases from a fenitrothion-resistant strain (VOSF) of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), are presumed to play a role in conferring resistance to malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Colorimetric assays showed a significant positive correlation between increased resistance to fenitrothion in strains of O. surinamensis examined and elevated esterase hydrolytic activity to substrates of p-nitrophenyl acetate, alpha -naphthyl acetate, and beta -naphthyl acetate. Esterase zymograms showed different banding patterns between VOSF and an insecticide-susceptible strain, VOS48. A major esterase in the VOSF strain, not detected in VOS48, was purified and characterized by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. On the basis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis, the molecular mass of the purified esterase from VOSF was 130 kDa and consisted of two 65 kDa subunits. Additional properties of this enzyme are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Sydney, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Chem & Soil Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 4991 EP 4996 DI 10.1021/jf991258f PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 365NK UT WOS:000089957200085 PM 11052767 ER PT J AU Olness, A Nelsen, T Rinke, J Voorhees, WB AF Olness, A Nelsen, T Rinke, J Voorhees, WB TI Ionic ratios and crop performance. I. Vanadate and phosphate on soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE vanadium; phosphorus; soybean; Glycine max; resin-extraction ID SOILS; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENTS; CALCIUM; SYSTEM AB Resin-extraction techniques obtain a suite of extractable elements/ions from a single sample. They are, therefore, capable of characterizing interactions between nutrients and toxic ions on plant growth and of aiding in identification of genetic characteristics of plants required for optimal resource use efficiency. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, a field experiment was established on a 3.24-ha site that included five soil mapping units. The site was divided into three equal portions and planted with corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crops were rotated annually and each rotation was divided into 360 plots measuring about 3m by 30m. Soybean varieties designated 9091 and 9061 were planted in consecutive strips of 4 rows at 0.75 m row spacing. Soil samples were extracted with anion and cation resin exchangers. Resin exchangers were eluted with acid and the eluates examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Soil samples were also examined for bicarbonate extractable P, organic C, total N and pH. Seed yields were different between varieties and soils (P < 0.05). Seed yields ranged from about 2,390-3470 kg ha(-1). Seed yields of variety 9061 declined by as much as 20% (about 540 kg ha(-1)) as the resin extractable V:(V+P) ratio increased to 0.15 mol mol(-1). Resin extractable V differed between soil mapping units. Soil bicarbonate extractable P, organic C, total N and pH had minimal effects on seed yield. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, MWA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, MWA, Off Area Director, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, MWA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD OCT PY 2000 VL 185 IS 3 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00429.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 362CM UT WOS:000089761100001 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Chung, SY Champagne, ET Raufman, JP AF Maleki, SJ Chung, SY Champagne, ET Raufman, JP TI The effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peanut allergy; IgE; Maillard reaction; roasting ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; COWS-MILK-PROTEINS; IGE BINDING; HYDROLYSIS; EPITOPES AB Background: Because of the widespread use of peanut products, peanut allergenicity is a major health concern in the United States. The effect or effects of thermal processing (roasting) on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins have rarely been addressed, Objective: We sought to assess the biochemical effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. Methods: Competitive inhibition ELISA was used to compare the IgE-binding properties of roasted and raw peanut extracts. A well-characterized in vitro model was used to test whether the Maillard reaction contributes to the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. The allergic properties were measured by using ELISA, digestion by gastric secretions, and stability of the proteins to heat and degradation, Results: Here we report that roasted peanuts from two different sources bound IgE from patients with peanut allergy at approximately 90-fold higher levels than the raw peanuts from the same peanut cultivars. The purified major allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 were subjected to the Maillard reaction in vitro and compared with corresponding unreacted samples for allergenic properties. Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 bound higher levels of IgE and were more resistant to heat and digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes once they had undergone the Maillard reaction. Conclusions: The data presented here indicate that thermal processing may play an important role in enhancing the allergenic properties of peanuts and that the protein modifications made by the Maillard reaction contribute to this effect. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 27 TC 246 Z9 259 U1 6 U2 52 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 106 IS 4 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1067/mai.2000.109620 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 365ZP UT WOS:000089980600021 PM 11031348 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Douet, WA Harter-Dennis, JM Hartsock, TG Solomon, MB Barb, CR AF Estienne, MJ Douet, WA Harter-Dennis, JM Hartsock, TG Solomon, MB Barb, CR TI Growth performance and adipose tissue deposition in barrows fed n-methyl-D,L-aspartate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fat thickness; growth; pigs AB We previously reported that broilers fed n-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA) exhibited enhanced feed conversion efficiency and decreased percentage of fat in carcasses. In this experiment, growth performance and backfat thickness were evaluated in barrows fed NMA. Poland China x Yorkshire barrows weighing 68.8 +/- 1.7 kg (mean +/- SE) were allowed ad libitum access to feed containing NMA at levels of either 0 (n = 7), 100 (n = 6), 200 (n = 8), or 300 (n = 8) mg/kg for 36 d. Barrows were slaughtered at 99.5 +/- 2.3 kg BW. There was no effect (P > 0.1) of NMA on ADG or feed consumption. Gain:feed ratio decreased (P < 0.03) in a linear fashion with increasing level of NMA. There was a cubic effect (P < 0.05) of NMA treatment on first-rib backfat thickness. In response to graded levels of NMA, backfat thickness at the 10th rib (P < 0.08) and last rib (P < 0.03) increased in a linear fashion. The NMA had no effect (P > 0.1) on backfat thickness measured at the lumbar vertebra or longissimus muscle area measured at the 10th rib interface. The percentage of lean in the carcass decreased in a linear fashion (P < 0.05) in response to increasing levels of NMA in the diet. In summary, NMA had an overall negative effect on growth performance and carcass yield characteristics in barrows. The dichotomous effects of NMA on feed efficiency and body composition in poultry and swine warrants further scrutiny. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Agr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2504 EP 2507 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600003 PM 11048913 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Duenas, MI Wettemann, RP Douglass, LW AF Paape, MJ Duenas, MI Wettemann, RP Douglass, LW TI Effects of intramammary infection and parity on calf weaning weight and milk quality in beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cows; infection; mastitis; somatic cell counts ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS; PREVALENCE; CALVES AB The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the effect of intramammary infection on calf weaning weight, milk somatic cell count, and milk composition, and 2) the effect of parity on percentages of infected cows, infected quarters, and blind quarters. The number of infected quarters, milk somatic cell counts, milk components, and intramammary infection were studied at weaning in 164 beef cows. The percentage of infected cows ranged from 61.9% at first parity to 66.7% at fifth to ninth parities. Cows with three or four infected quarters had higher (P < .01) milk somatic cell counts than cows with zero, one, or two infected quarters. Among bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus-infected quarters had the highest (P < .01) milk somatic cell count. Percentages of butterfat and lactose were lower (P < .01) in milk from infected quarters than from uninfected quarters. Infections by S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common and accounted for 67 to 78% of the infections. Percentages of infected quarters and infections caused by S. aureus increased with parity (P < .01). Intramammary infections did not affect (P > .10) calf weaning weight. In conclusion, intramammary infection had no effect on calf weaning weight but increased milk somatic cell count and decreased the percentage of protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, and butterfat. The number of infected and blind mammary quarters increased with parity. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oklahoma Agr Expt Stn, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2508 EP 2514 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600004 PM 11048914 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GA AF Rohrer, GA TI Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting birth characters and accumulation of backfat and weight in a Meishan-White Composite resource population SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE birth; genome analysis; growth; pigs; quantitative trait loci ID AFFECTING CARCASS COMPOSITION; MINZHU BOARS; LINKAGE MAP; MUSCLE MASS; IGF2 LOCUS; PIGS; GROWTH; SWINE; CHOLECYSTOKININ; COMPONENTS AB A search for genomic regions affecting birth characters and accretion of weight and backfat was conducted in a Meishan-White Composite reciprocal backcross resource population. Birth traits analyzed (n = 750) were Vigor score, number of nipples, and birth weight. Subsequent measures on gilts and barrows (n = 706) analyzed were weaning weight, 8-wk weight, ADG from 8 to 18 wk of age, ADG from 18 to 26 wk of age, 26-wk weight, and backfat over the first rib, last rib, and last lumbar vertebrae at 14 and 26 (n = 599) wk of age. Feed intake and growth of 92 individually penned barrows were also analyzed. A genomic scan was conducted with microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 20-cM intervals, a least squares regression interval analysis was implemented, and significance values were converted to genomewide levels. No associations were detected for traits measured at birth except for number of nipples, where one significant and two suggestive regions were identified on chromosomes (SSC) 10, 1, and 3, respectively. Early growth was affected by a region on SSC 1 as evidenced by associations with weights collected at weaning and 8 wk of age and ADG from 8 to 18 wk of age. Other regions detected for early growth rate were on SSC 2, 12, and X. Chromosomal regions on SSC 6 and 7 affected ADG from 18 to 26 wk of age. All measures of backfat were affected by regions on SSC 1 and X, whereas SSC 7 consistently affected backfat measures recorded at 26 wk of age. Suggestive evidence for QTL affecting backfat at 14 wk of age was also detected on SSC 2, 6, 8, and 9. These results have improved our knowledge about the genetics of growth rate and fat accretion at the molecular level in swine. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 26 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2547 EP 2553 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600009 PM 11048919 ER PT J AU Smith, TPL Casas, E Rexroad, CE Kappes, SM Keele, JW AF Smith, TPL Casas, E Rexroad, CE Kappes, SM Keele, JW TI Bovine CAPN1 maps to a region of BTA29 containing a quantitative trait locus for meat tenderness SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic mapping; meat; proteinases; quantitative trait loci; tenderness ID CALCIUM-CHLORIDE INJECTION; LINKAGE MAP; GENOME; CATTLE; BEEF AB Micromolar calcium activated neural protease (CAPN1) was investigated as a potential candidate gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on BTA29 affecting meat tenderness. A 2,948-bp bovine cDNA containing the entire coding region of the gene was obtained, showing 91% identity to human CAPN1. The 716 AA protein predicted from this sequence shows 97% similarity (95% identity) to the 714 AA human protein. Analysis of the gene structure revealed that CAPN1 mRNA is encoded by at least 19 exons, and 11,055 bp of the gene were sequenced, including 17 introns. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected in intron 12 and were used to map bovine CAPN1 to the telomeric end of the BTA29 linkage group. This approximately coincides with the position of the QTL, demonstrating that CAPN1 protease is a positional candidate gene potentially affecting variation in meat tenderness in a bovine resource mapping population. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Smith, TPL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2589 EP 2594 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600014 PM 11048924 ER PT J AU Vonada, ML Bidner, BS Belk, KE McKeith, FK Lloyd, WR O'Connor, ME Smith, GC AF Vonada, ML Bidner, BS Belk, KE McKeith, FK Lloyd, WR O'Connor, ME Smith, GC TI Quantification of pork belly and Boston butt quality attribute preferences of South Korean customers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE exports; Korea Republic; meat cuts; pork AB U.S. packers must have quantitative criteria for selection of pork bellies and Boston butts for export to South Korea. Pork bellies (IMPS 409A) and Boston butts (IMPS 409A, 406B, 407) were selected from normal production in a U.S. pork packing plant and transported to Seoul, South Korea, via seafreighter in refrigerated containers (frozen < -5 degrees C) or via air freight (fresh > 0 degrees C; frozen < -5 degrees C). Participants at the Seoul Food Show were surveyed about their preferences for specific quality attributes of these cuts. Bellies were selected to differ in seam fat content (low = < 20%, moderate = 20 to 40%, high = > 40% extractable fat), lean color (pale = L* > 50, medium = L* 48-50, dark = L* < 48), weight (3.36, 4.04, or 5.36 kg), state of refrigeration and packaging (frozen, poly-wrapped; chilled, poly-wrapped; frozen, vacuum-packaged; chilled, vacuum-packaged), shape (round, wavy, square), and belly thickness (3.81, 4.32, or 4.90 cm). Boston butts were selected to differ in USDA marbling score (Slight, Small, Modest, Moderate, and Slightly Abundant), seam fat content (low = < 10%, moderate = 10 to 20% fat, high = > 20% extractable fat), lean color (pale = L* > 44, medium = L*: 40-42, dark = L* < 38), weight (2.91, 3.82, or 4.66 kg), state of refrigeration and packaging (frozen, poly-wrapped; chilled, poly-wrapped; frozen, vacuum-packaged; chilled, vacuum-packaged), and shape (square, oblong, round). In Seoul, pork subprimals were tempered (if frozen), sliced, and arrayed by quality attribute and category in a retail display case. Over 4 d of testing, attendees (n = 210) of the food show were asked to rate the displayed samples for each quality attribute on a standardized ballot. Mid-weight (3.82 kg) Boston butts that displayed Moderate or higher USDA marbling scores with moderate amounts of seam fat, Japanese lean color scores of 2 or 4, round geometric shape, and that were vacuum-packaged and transported to Korea in the freshly chilled state best characterized the quality attribute preferences of responents. Pork bellies that exhibited moderate amounts of seam fat, Japanese lean color scores of 3, square shape, belly thickness of 3.94 cm, approximate weight of 4.04 kg, and that were vacuum-packaged and transported to Korea in the freshly chilled state best met the quality needs of South Korean customers. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2608 EP 2614 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600016 PM 11048926 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL Parrish, FC Beitz, DC Horst, RL Huff-Lonergan, EJ Trenkle, AH AF Montgomery, JL Parrish, FC Beitz, DC Horst, RL Huff-Lonergan, EJ Trenkle, AH TI The use of vitamin D-3 to improve beef tenderness SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; calcium; proteolysis; tenderness; vitamin D ID POSTMORTEM BOVINE MUSCLE; I-125 LABELED TRACER; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; QUALITY TRAITS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEGRADATION; PROTEOLYSIS; INJECTION; PROTEINS AB An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that short-term oral administration of dietary vitamin D-3 to beef cattle before slaughter would increase beef tenderness through greater calcium-activated calpain activity in postmortem aged skeletal muscle. Thirty continental crossbred steers were allotted randomly to three treatment groups housed in one pen. One group served as a control; two other groups were administered boluses with either 5 x 10(6) or 7.5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D-3 daily for 9 d. Cattle were slaughtered 1 d later. The longissimus lumborum was excised from each carcass 72 h postmortem and steaks removed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. The semimembranosus muscle (top round) was excised from each carcass 72 h postmortem and steaks removed at 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. Blood plasma calcium concentration of cattle treated with 5 or 7.5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D-3 was higher (P < .05) than that of controls. Strip loin and top loin steaks from cattle fed supplemental doses of vitamin. D-3 had lower (P < .05) Warner-Brattier (W-B) shear values at 14 d postmortem but were not significantly different from controls at 3, 7, or 21 d (strip loins) or 7; or 21 d (top rounds). No significant difference in strip loin steak tenderness was observed by sensory panel at 14 d postmortem (P < .17) between steaks from control and vitamin D-3-treated steers. At 14 d postmortem, strip loin and top round steaks from cattle fed 5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D-3, but not from those given 7.5 x 10(6) IU, showed more proteolysis (P < .05) than did steaks from control cattle, based on Western blotting analysis. Therefore, the use of supplemental dietary vitamin D-3 given daily for 9 d before slaughter did improve tenderness (lower W-B shear values) of 14-d postmortem aged beef. Increased proteolysis seems to be the mechanism of tenderization. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Lab 215, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Parrish, FC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Lab 215, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth/C-7557-2009 OI Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5012-3277 NR 26 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2615 EP 2621 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600017 PM 11048927 ER PT J AU Cromwell, GL Cline, TR Crenshaw, JD Crenshaw, TD Easter, RA Ewan, RC Hamilton, CR Hill, GM Lewis, AJ Mahan, DC Nelssen, JL Pettigrew, JE Veum, TL Yen, JT AF Cromwell, GL Cline, TR Crenshaw, JD Crenshaw, TD Easter, RA Ewan, RC Hamilton, CR Hill, GM Lewis, AJ Mahan, DC Nelssen, JL Pettigrew, JE Veum, TL Yen, JT CA NCR-42 Comm Swine Nutr TI Variability among sources and laboratories in analyses of wheat middlings SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; chemical analysis; wheat milling residues AB A cooperative research study was conducted by members of a regional committee (North Central Regional Committee on Swine Nutrition [NCR-42]) to assess the variability in nutrient composition (DM, CP, Ca, P, Se, NDF, and amino acids) of 14 sources of wheat middlings from 13 states (mostly in the Midwest). A second objective was to assess the analytical variability in nutrient assays among 20 laboratories (labs; 14 experiment station labs and six commercial labs). Wheat middlings were obtained from each participating station's feed mill. The bulk density of the middlings ranged from 289 to 365 g/L. The number of labs that analyzed samples were as follows: DM and CP, 20; Ca, 16; P, 15; Se, 7; NDF, 10; and amino acids, 9. Each lab used its own analytical procedures. The middlings averaged 89.6% DM, 16.2% CP, .12% Ca, .97% P. 36.9% NDF, .53 mg/kg Se, .66% lysine, .19% tryptophan, .54% threonine, .25% methionine, .34% cystine, .50% isoleucine, and .73% valine. As expected, there was considerable variation in nutrient composition among the 14 sources (P < .01), especially for Ca (.08 to .30%) and Se (.05 to 1.07 mg/kg). "Heavy" middlings (high bulk density, greater than or equal to 335 g/L), having a greater proportion of flour attached to the bran, were lower in CP, lysine, P, and NDF than "light" middlings (less than or equal to 310 g/L), having cleaner bran, resulting in negative correlations between bulk density and CP (r = -.61), lysine (r = -.59), P (r = -.54), and NDF (r = -.81). Each 1-percentage-point increase in CP in the wheat middlings was associated with .0235 (r(2) = .61) and 2.1 (r(2) = .39)-percentage-point increases in lysine and NDF, respectively. Lysine content was associated with NDF, CP, and bulk density of wheat middlings (r(2) = .88). There was considerable variation among laboratories (P < .01) in analysis of all nutrients. The CV among sources (100.sigma(S)/mean) was greater than among labs (100.sigma(L) /mean) for CP, Ca, P, Se, and NDF, but the CV among labs was greater than that among sources for DM and all of the amino acids except lysine and phenylalanine. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. ARS, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Cromwell, GL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2652 EP 2658 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600021 PM 11048931 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CK Tyrrell, HF AF Reynolds, CK Tyrrell, HF TI Energy metabolism in lactating beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cows; breed differences; energy metabolism; lactation ID WHOLE-BODY ENERGY; HEAT-PRODUCTION; COWS; MATURE; CATTLE; EFFICIENCY; STEERS; DIET AB To obtain measurements of energy balance in lactating beef cows, respiration calorimetry and digestion trials were conducted using seven lactating (613 kg BW) and three nonlactating (598 kg BW) Hereford x Angus heifers fed a pelleted 75% alfalfa:25% concentrate diet. Five measurements of energy balance were obtained at 6- to 7-wk intervals beginning 6 to 10 wk postpartum in lactating heifers and at 6-wk intervals in nonlactating heifers. Milk yield was measured using a combination of weigh-suckle-weigh and machine milking to adapt heifers to milking by machine without the use of oxytocin. Heifers were milked only by machine during measurements of energy balance. Weekly milk yield averages ranged from 8.2 kg/d at wk 5 postpartum to 3.2 kg/d at wk 32 postpartum. When scaled to BW.75, the regression of NE1 on ME intake and the regression of ME intake on NE1 were remarkably similar to previously published regressions for measurements obtained from lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. The average daily maintenance energy requirement from these regressions was 503 kJ ME/kg BW.75, a value similar to the average value reported previously for lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (488 kJ/kg BW.75). This is in contrast to numerous published comparisons of the maintenance requirements of cattle breed types in the nonlactating state and current NRC standards for estimating maintenance energy requirements of beef and dairy cattle. The results of the present study suggest that when expressed on the basis of BW.75 th, efficiency of utilization of incremental ME above maintenance for milk and tissue energy (i.e., NE1) is similar among lactating Hereford x Angus heifers and lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. The breeds differ in terms of their propensity for milk yield and the resulting partition of ME between milk synthesis and tissue energy retention. C1 ARS, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reynolds, CK (reprint author), ARS, Nutr Conservat & Metab Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Bldg 306,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 78 IS 10 BP 2696 EP 2705 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 364VK UT WOS:000089913600026 PM 11048936 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Willett, JL AF Momany, FA Willett, JL TI Computational studies on carbohydrates: I. Density functional ab initio geometry optimization on maltose conformations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE density functional; ab initio; carbohydrates; maltose; geometry optimization; conformational analysis ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; RELATIVE STABILITY; FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL; GLUCOPYRANOSE; MONOHYDRATE AB Ab initio geometry optimization was carried out on 10 selected conformations of maltose and two 2-methoxytetrahydropyran conformations using the density functional denoted B3LYP combined with two basis sets. The 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets make up the B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311++G** procedures. Internal coordinates were fully relaxed, and structures were gradient optimized at both levels of theory. Ten conformations were studied at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, and five of these were continued with full gradient optimization at the B3LYP/G-311++G** level of theory. The details of the nb initio optimized geometries are presented here, with particular attention given to the positions of the atoms around the anomeric center and the effect of the particular anomer and hydrogen bonding pattern on the maltose ring structures and relative conformational energies. The size and complexity of the hydrogen-bonding network prevented a rigorous search of conformational space by nb initio calculations. However, using empirical force fields, low-energy conformers of maltose were found that were subsequently gradient optimized at the two nb initio levels of theory. Three classes of conformations were studied, as defined by the clockwise or counterclockwise direction of the hydroxyl groups, or a flipped conformer in which the psi-dihedral is rotated by similar to 180 degrees. Different combinations of omega side-chain rotations gave energy differences of more than 6 kcal/mol above the lowest energy structure found. The lowest energy structures bear remarkably close resemblance to the neutron and X-ray diffraction crystal structures. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 13 BP 1204 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/1096-987X(200010)21:13<1204::AID-JCC9>3.3.CO;2-6 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 360UP UT WOS:000089685900009 ER PT J AU Tomita, GM Wang, Y Paape, MJ Poultrel, B Rainard, P AF Tomita, GM Wang, Y Paape, MJ Poultrel, B Rainard, P TI Influence of bispecific antibodies on the in vitro bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils against Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bispecific antibody; mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; neutrophils ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COWS; CELL AB We conducted the following study to determine if bispecific antibodies enhance the bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils. Bispecific antibodies were synthesized by chemically crosslinking bovine neutrophil monoclonal antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus 305 capsule polysaccharide monoclonal antibodies. The efficiency of chemically coupling monoclonal antibody monomers was approximately 50% for each bispecific antibody produced. Monoclonal antibodies against neutrophils enhanced the respiratory burst activity of neutrophils by 2.3- to 2.5-fold. To determine the influence of bispecific antibodies on neutrophil function, S. aureus 305 was preincubated with various concentrations of bispecific antibodies and neutrophils were then added to the opsonized bacteria at different bacteria to neutrophil ratios. The bactericidal activity of neutrophils was expressed as a percentage reduction in colony-forming units in test cultures compared with the number of colony-forming units in control test cultures that did not contain bispecific antibodies or neutrophils. The addition of bispecific antibodies to test cultures increased the bactericidal activity of neutrophils. A reduction in colony-forming units as a function of increasing the S. aureus 305 to neutrophils ratio was observed in both the absence and presence of bispecific antibodies. However, a greater reduction was observed in the presence of bispecific antibodies. Increasing concentrations of bispecific antibodies enhanced the bactericidal activity of neutrophils at a constant S. aureus 305 to neutraphil ratio of 1:500. The results indicate that bispecific antibodies that recognize both S. aureus 305 capsular polysaccharide and neutrophil antigens potentiate the bactericidal activity of neutrophils. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. INRA, Ctr Rech Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. RP Tomita, GM (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 10 BP 2269 EP 2275 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 363LM UT WOS:000089837200012 PM 11049067 ER PT J AU Holsinger, VH McAloon, AJ Onwulata, CI Smith, PW AF Holsinger, VH McAloon, AJ Onwulata, CI Smith, PW TI A cost analysis of encapsulated spray-dried milk fat SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE butter oil; cream; encapsulation; spray-drying; cost ID BUTTEROIL; POWDERS; FLOW AB Anhydrous butter oil or cream was encapsulated in all-purpose flour, modified cornstarch, or sucrose and then spray-dried. We estimated the processing cost for a plant designed to produce 57,000 kg/d (125,000 lbs/d) of encapsulated milk fat powder. Powder with a 50% milk fat content could be produced for about $0.23/kg plus the cost of the butter oil or cream, the encapsulant selected, and the other ingredients. Spray-drying of milk fat improved ease of handling and reduced storage costs. C1 ARS, Dairy Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 10 BP 2361 EP 2365 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 363LM UT WOS:000089837200025 PM 11049080 ER PT J AU Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Rozelle, J Turcich, M Heird, WC AF Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Rozelle, J Turcich, M Heird, WC TI Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on neurodevelopmental function of breast-fed term infants at 12 and 30 months of age SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 363VG UT WOS:000089857900020 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Pingel, RL Ruhl, D Shasha, BS Behle, RW Penland, DR McGuire, MR Faron, EJ AF Dowd, PF Pingel, RL Ruhl, D Shasha, BS Behle, RW Penland, DR McGuire, MR Faron, EJ TI Multiacreage evaluation of aerially applied adherent malathion granules for selective insect control and indirect reduction of mycotoxigenic fungi in specialty corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecticide; Ostrinia; Orius; Coccinellidae; Nitidulidae; Fusarium ID FLOUR GRANULES; PESTS; INFECTION; EARS AB Aerially applied adherent corn flour granules containing 1% malathion were more often as, or more, effective than 15% chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 15G) granules in controlling caterpillars and sap beetles in high amylose corn in 1997 than 1996. Use of malathion granules corresponding closely in size to chlorpyrifos granules in the second year of the study apparently increased relative efficacy. Significantly less corn borer damage occurred on plants (1996) or ears (1997) within 2 wk of application for both types of insecticide granules compared with untreated plots. In 1997, there were sixfold fewer milk stage ears with more than 20 kernels damaged per ear in the malathion-treated plots compared with chlorpyrifos-treated plots, and severity of caterpillar damage was also less in malathion versus chlorpyrifos-treated plots at harvest. Control of beetles (corn rootworm adults and sap beetles) for both treatments was less effective compared with caterpillars. Significant corn rootworm adult control was noted for both chlorpyrifos and malathion in 1996 and significant sap beetle control was noted for the malathion granules in 1997. Significantly fewer live lady beetles, and more dead lady beetles were present in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with malathion-treated or untreated plots in 1996. The incidence and severity ef Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments, with the malathion treatment significantly better than the chlorpyrifos treatment in one case. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Biol, Peoria, IL 61606 USA. AgroServ Inc, Star City, IN 46985 USA. Cerestar USA, Hammond, IN 46320 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1428 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1424 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360MX UT WOS:000089672700004 PM 11057713 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL AF Lapointe, SL TI Particle film deters oviposition by Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; kaolin; oviposition deterrent; particle film; citrus ID SUPPRESSION; MOISTURE AB A hydrophilic formulation of the inert silicate kaolin was tested in a screenhouse for its effect on the behavior of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), a pest of citrus and ornamental plants in Florida and the Caribbean. Feeding by adults on treated foliage was reduced by 68-84% compared with adults fed untreated foliage. No insecticidal activity was detected after 14 d of exposure to kaolin-treated leaves. Oviposition was completely suppressed on treated foliage. Although females oviposited >19,000 eggs during two trials on untreated foliage, no egg masses were found on foliage treated with the kaolin formulation. These data indicate potential for kaolin as a barrier to oviposition in citrus groves and may prove to be an economically viable and environmentally sound component of an integrated approach for control of D. abbreviatus and related root weevils. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1463 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1459 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360MX UT WOS:000089672700009 PM 11057718 ER PT J AU Williams, RN Fickle, DS McGovern, TP Klein, MG AF Williams, RN Fickle, DS McGovern, TP Klein, MG TI Development of an attractant for the scarab pest Macrodactylus subspinosus (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Macrodactylus subspinosus; attractancy; scarab AB Field trials were conducted over several seasons to determine the attractant most successful in luring adult rose chafers, Macrodactylus subspinosus (F.), to traps. During the first season, 20 compounds were compared with the standard lure, valeric acid + hexanoic acid + octyl butyrate (1:1:1). The two new standards established that season were: valeric acid + 1-nonanol (1:1); and valeric acid + hexanoic acid + octyl butyrate + 1-nonanol (1:1:1:1). The following season, 36 compounds were evaluated, comparing them to the new standards. The performance of the standard binary lure valeric acid + 1-nonanol was improved when the alcohol 1-nonanol was replaced by its analog trans-2-nonenol and this was confirmed during the third season. At the same time, a second test was conducted with 29 new candidates, which were combined with valeric acid and compared with the standard: valeric acid + hexanoic acid + octyl butyrate + 1-nonanol (1:1:1:1). A control and the single compound alpha-ionone were included, resulting in the discovery of a new more powerful attractant, alpha-ionone. Testing of alpha-ionone continued the following season, at which time the initial leading candidate and new ones containing trans-2-nonenol were tested against the single attractant alpha-ionone and various combinations of it. A new five-component mixture of valeric acid, hexanoic acid, octyl butyrate, trans-2-nonenol, and alpha-ionone out performed all other lure combinations. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Hort Insects Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Williams, RN (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1484 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1480 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360MX UT WOS:000089672700012 PM 11057721 ER PT J AU Getty, GM Haverty, MI Copren, KA Lewis, VR AF Getty, GM Haverty, MI Copren, KA Lewis, VR TI Response of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in northern California to baiting with hexaflumuron with sentricon termite colony elimination system SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE subterranean termites; chitin synthesis inhibitor; termite baits; termite colony elimination; termite colony suppression; termite control ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; STATION AB Colonies of Reticulitermes spp. were baited with prototype and commercial Sentricon stations (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN) to test the efficacy of hexaflumuron in different concentrations and bait matrices and to document reinvasion of the foraging territories vacated by eliminated colonies. Seven colonies of Reticulitermes spp. from two sites were characterized with cuticular hydrocarbon analyses and mark-release-recapture and agonistic behavioral studies. Three colonies were observed as controls and four colonies were baited. When a connection between the bait station and the monitoring station could not be confirmed by mark-release-recapture studies, the results of the baiting were equivocal. The monitoring stations of a colony at our wildland site were devoid of termites 406 d after baiting with one Sentricon station, but became reoccupied with the same species of termites approximate to 6 mo after baiting. A colony at the residential site was baited with 0.5% hexaflumuron in the Recurit II bait matrix; 60 d later termites were absent from all monitoring stations. These monitoring stations remained unoccupied for greater than or equal to 18 mo. Foraging Reticulitermes spp appeared in three of the seven monitoring stations 18, 23, and 36 mo after baiting, respectively. Using cuticular hydrocarbon analyses and agonistic behavior studies, we determined that the Reticulitermes spp. occupying these monitoring stations were from three different colonies; none were members of the original colony destroyed by baiting. Another colony at the residential site was baited using a noncommercial, experimental bait; 52 d later termites were absent from all monitoring stations. The monitoring stations remained unoccupied for greater than or equal to 9 mo. A different Reticulitermes sp, colony invaded one monitoring station 9 mo after baiting. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Getty, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1498 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360MX UT WOS:000089672700015 PM 11057724 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Mankin, RW McGovern, JE AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Mankin, RW McGovern, JE TI Monitoring insect pests in retail stores by trapping and spatial analysis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stored-product insects; retail stores; insect trapping; insect monitoring; spatial analysis; precision targeting ID TRAPS AB Stored-product insects are a perennial problem in retail stores, where they damage and contaminate susceptible merchandise such as food products and animal feed. Historically, pest management in these stores has relied heavily on chemical insecticides, but environmental and health issues have dictated use of safer methods, and these require better monitoring. A monitoring procedure that employs an array of moth and beetle traps combined with spatial (contour) analysis of trap catch was tested in three department stores and two pet stores. The rate of capture increased with the level of infestation but was essentially constant over 4- to 5-d trapping periods. Contour analysis effectively located foci of infestation and reflected population changes produced by applications of the insect growth regulator (S)-hydroprene. The most abundant insects were Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),and Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr). The results indicate that contour analysis of trap counts provides a useful monitoring tool for management of storage pests in retail stores. It identifies trouble spots and permits selection, timing, and precision targeting of control measures to achieve maximum pest suppression with minimum pesticide risk. It permits managers and pest control operators to visualize pest problems over an entire store, to monitor changes over time, and to evaluate the effectiveness of control intervention. The contour maps themselves, along with records of control applications and stock rotation, provide permanent documentation of pest problems and the effectiveness of pest management procedures. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 17 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1542 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1531 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360MX UT WOS:000089672700019 PM 11057728 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Dively, G Barbosa, P AF Riddick, EW Dively, G Barbosa, P TI Season-long abundance of generalist predators in transgenic versus nontransgenic potato fields SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE predators; Orius insidiosus; spiders; transgenic potatoes; Cry3A ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; LADY BEETLE COLEOPTERA; WINTER-WHEAT; APHIDOPHAGOUS COCCINELLIDAE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; GRAIN-SORGHUM; CHRYSOMELIDAE; INSECTICIDES; HOMOPTERA AB We estimated the effect of deploying Cry3A-transgenic potatoes resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the season-long relative abundance of naturally-occurring generalist predators. Low inputs of foliar insecticides were used in the transgenic fields to suppress nontarget pests and in the nontransgenic fields to prevent total defoliation of potato plants by L. decemlineata. Dominant plant-foraging heteropteran predators and lady beetles were sampled by sweeping foliage, whereas, ground-foraging carnivorous carabids, ants, and spiders were sampled by trapping in pitfalls. Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) more abundant in transgenic treatment fields than in nontransgenic fields in 1994, but not in 1995. None of the coccinellids (3 taxa) were affected by the treatments in either season. The carnivorous carabids (3 taxa) and ants were not affected by either treatment, but spiders were significantly more abundant in the transgenic treatment fields in 1995. We conclude that the deployment of pure stands of Cry3A-transgenic potatoes, with a minimum input of insecticides to suppress non-target pests, will have no deleterious effects on the populations of generalist predators in the potato ecosystem. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 36 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386AX UT WOS:000166038900001 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Yonce, CE Wood, BE AF Cottrell, TE Yonce, CE Wood, BE TI Seasonal occurrence and vertical distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) in pecan orchards SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Pentatomidae; Euschistus servus; Euschistus tristigmus; stink bug; distribution; Carya illinoensis; pecan ID STINK BUGS; HETEROPTERA AB Euschistus servus (Say) and E. tristigmus (Say) were monitored near and in pecan orchards at ground level only and in pecan orchards from the ground to the upper canopy. Modified pyramidal traps, baited with Euschistus spp. aggregation pheromone, were placed on the ground along a hedgerow adjacent to a pecan orchard, at the orchard edge, and at the orchard center to monitor seasonal occurrence. Vertical distribution of E. servus and E. tristigmus was monitored by placing pheromone-baited traps at preselected heights. Traps on the ground along the hedgerow, orchard edge, and orchard center captured similar numbers of stink bugs each month from May through September, with an increase in October at all locations (combined data for both species). Single traps placed at different heights captured peak numbers of E. servus in early and late season; whereas, traps captured peak numbers of E. tristigmus during the late season. More E. servus were captured in traps on the ground than in traps in the canopy, but more E. tristigmus were captured in the canopy at 9 m. With two baited traps placed at different heights at the same tree, more E. servus were captured on the ground than in the lower or upper canopy, but most E. tristigmus were captured in the lower and upper canopy than on the ground. Placement of traps on the ground or at 9 m resulted in more captures of E. servus on the ground and more captures of E. tristigmus at 9 m. Although E. servus and E. tristigmus were captured both on the ground and in the pecan canopy, numbers of captured E. servus and E. tristigmus were affected by trap height. Thus, sampling Euschistus species in pecan, and possibly other arboreal habitats. should be done throughout the canopy. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 421 EP 431 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386AX UT WOS:000166038900008 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Park, EK Kim, JG AF Lee, SE Park, EK Kim, JG TI A mosquito larvicidal diterpenoid isolated from Podocarpus totara D. Don ex Lambert SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Podocarpus totara; totarol; mosquito larvicidal activity ID LARVAE; ADULTS AB Totarol. a diterpenoid phenol isolated from Podacarpus totara (D. Don ex Lambert) root bark, was found to be active against second- and fourth instar Culex pipiens Coquillett with the 24 h LC50 values of 0.25 and 0.37 mug/mL, respectively, The mosquito larvicidal activity against C. pipiens increased when bioassays were extended to 48 h, Structural elucidation of totarol was by means of H-1-NMR,C-13-NMR, and GC-MS analysis. C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, WRRC, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386AX UT WOS:000166038900013 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Jones, WA AF Ralphs, MH Jones, WA TI Population cycles of the larkspur mirid (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE larkspur mirid; Hoplomachus affiguratus; population cycle; tall larkspur; Delphinium barbeyi; poisonous plant; cattle poisoning AB The larkspur mirid, Hoplomachus affiguratus Uhler, has been proposed as a biological control agent to damage tail larkspur, Delphinium barbeyi(L.) Huth, to prevent cattle from grazing it and becoming poisoned. The objective of this study was to monitor mirid populations and feeding damage to larkspur over time and determine if its population cycles are related to specific weather patterns. Individual larkspur plants were marked and the extent of damage estimated at 5 locations on 3 National Forests in Utah and Colorado. In years when mirid populations were high, damage to larkspur leaves ranged from 50 to 100% and greater than 75% of flowering heads aborted. In years and locations when its population was down, damage was minimal. The amount of larkspur damage was negatively correlated with the previous year's total precipitation and the previous September precipitation (r = -0.68 to -83) and was positively correlated with July and August temperature the previous year (r = 0.61 to 0.75). When mirid populations are high, damage levels appear to be sufficient to deter cattle grazing, but low levels of damage at the bottom of the cycle will likely not deter grazing. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386AX UT WOS:000166038900015 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H TI Groundwater problems caused by irrigation with sewage effluent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALS AB Increasingly, sewage effluent will be used for urban and agricultural irrigation, The main concern is the potential for infectious diseases in farm workers and city dwellers exposed to the effluent, as well as in people who consume crops irrigated with effluent, especially when those crops are eaten ran; or brought raw into the kitchen. Prevention requires adequate disinfection of the effluent. The effluent also must meet normal irrigation water requirements for parameters such as salt content, sodium adsorption ratio, trace elements, and so forth, Unfortunately, little or no attention is paid to long-term effects of sewage irrigation on underlying groundwater. Since most of the water applied for irrigation in dry climates evaporates, the concentrations of non-biodegradable chemicals in the drainage or deep-percolation water going down to the groundwater can be much higher than in the effluent itself (about five times higher for an irrigation efficiency of 80 percent), These chemicals comprise not only the salts, nitrates, and possible pesticide residues normally expected in irrigated agriculture, but also "sewage chemicals" like synthetic organic compounds, disinfection by-products, pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutically active chemicals Like endocrine disrupters, and fulvic and humic acids,These acids are known precursors of disinfection by-products that are formed when the drainage water ends up in drinking-mater supplies that are then chlorinated, Thus, groundwater below sewage-irrigated areas eventually may become unfit for drinking, which raises questions of liability, More research on long term effects of sewage irrigation on groundwater is urgently needed. C1 ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bouwer, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 390NA UT WOS:000166301400004 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Chen, PM AF Drake, SR Chen, PM TI Storage quality of ethylene treated 'Anjou' and 'Bosc' winter pears SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID DANJOU PEARS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB 'Anjou' and 'Bosc' pears (Pyrus communis, L.) were harvested one to two days prior to commercial harvested om three orchards in the Wenatchee growing district of Washington. Harvested fruit were treated with 300 ppm ethylene for three days at 20C. Ethylene treatment enhanced yellow color on fruit peel and the reduction of flesh firmness, and increased spoilage after 90 days in either regular atmosphere (RA) storage or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage regardless of cultivar. Ethylene-treated fruit, of both cultivars, stored in CA had a longer storage life than fruit stored in R4. The safe storage period of ethylene-treated 'Anjou' and 'Bosc' pears was 90 and 45 days, respectively in RA and 120 and 90 days, respectively, in CA. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2000.tb00426.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 369ZW UT WOS:000165098500003 ER PT J AU Cutter, CN Rivera-Betancourt, M AF Cutter, CN Rivera-Betancourt, M TI Interventions for the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 and non-O157 : H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli on beef surfaces SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HOT-WATER; O157-H7; DECONTAMINATION; TRANSFORMATION; FOODSTUFFS; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; DT104 AB A study was conducted to determine if slaughter interventions currently used by the meat industry are effective against Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT 104) and two non-O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Three separate experiments were conducted by inoculating prerigor beef surfaces with a bovine fecal slurry containing Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 (experiment I), E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O111:H8 (experiment 2), or E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O26:H11 (experiment 3) and spray washing with water, hot water (72 degrees C), 2% acetic acid, 2% lactic acid, or 10% trisodium phosphate (15 s, 125 +/- 5 psi, 35 +/- 2 degrees C). Remaining bacterial populations were determined immediately after treatments (day 0), after 2 days of aerobic storage at 4 degrees C, and after 7, 21, and 35 days of vacuum-packaged storage at 4 degrees C. In addition to enumeration, confirmation of pathogen serotypes was performed for all treatments on all days. Of the interventions investigated, spray treatments with trisodium phosphate were the most effective, resulting in pathogen reductions of >3 log(10) CFU/cm(2), followed by 2% lactic acid and 2% acetic acid (>2 log(10) CFU/cm(2)). Results also indicated that interventions used to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on beef surfaces were equally effective against Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 immediately after treatment and again after long-term, refrigerated, vacuum-packaged storage. Similarly, E. coli O111:H8 and E. coli O26:H11 associated with beef surfaces were reduced by the interventions to approximately the same extent as E. coli O157:H7 immediately after treatment and again after long-term, refrigerated, vacuum-packaged storage. It was also demonstrated that phenotypic characterization may not be sufficient to identify EHECs and that the organisms should be further confirmed with antibody- or genetic-based techniques. Based on these findings, interventions used by the meat industry to reduce Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 appear to be effective against DT 104 and other EHEC. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Borland Lab 111, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cnc3@psu.edu NR 30 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1326 EP 1332 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 361NW UT WOS:000089730000003 PM 11041130 ER PT J AU Lyon, BG Berry, BW Soderberg, D Clinch, N AF Lyon, BG Berry, BW Soderberg, D Clinch, N TI Visual color and doneness indicators and the incidence of premature brown color in beef patties cooked to four end point temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF AB An interlaboratory study was undertaken to assess the frequency that cooked color of ground beef patties appeared brown at internal temperatures of 52.7 degrees C (135 degrees F), 65.6 degrees C (150 degrees F), 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F),and 79.4 degrees C (175 degrees F). In general, as internal cooked temperature of the patties increased, the following results were observed in the patties: (i) more brown meat color, (ii) less pink or red juice color, and (iii) more cooked texture. However, brown meat color occurred prematurely at the two lower internal temperatures (57.2 degrees C/135 degrees F and 65.6 degrees C/150 degrees F) that are insufficient to eliminate foodborne pathogens without holding times. The common consumer practice of freezing bulk ground beef, followed by overnight thawing in a refrigerator, led to substantial premature brown color in patties cooked from this product. In addition, at 71.1 degrees C (160 degrees F), recognized to be the lowest temperature for cooking ground beef safely in the home, meat color, juice color, and texture appearance were not fully apparent as doneness indicators. In fact, at no temperature studied did 100% of the patties appear done when evaluated by the criteria of no red or pink in the meat, no red or pink in the juices, or by texture appearance. Patties in this study were evaluated under a set protocol for forming the products, cooking, and viewing under the same lighting conditions. Other preparation conditions are possible and may produce different results. Thus, temperature to which patties have been cooked cannot be judged by color and appearance. This study provided the evidence to support the message to consumers regarding cooking of beef patties of "use an accurate food thermometer and cook beef patties to 160 degrees F (71.1 degrees C)" in place of messages based on consumer judgment of cooked color. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, Dept Agr, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Food Safety Inspect Serv, Dept Agr, Washington, DC USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1389 EP 1398 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 361NW UT WOS:000089730000012 PM 11041139 ER PT J AU Harvey, RB Young, CR Anderson, RC Droleskey, RE Genovese, KJ Egan, LF Nisbet, DJ AF Harvey, RB Young, CR Anderson, RC Droleskey, RE Genovese, KJ Egan, LF Nisbet, DJ TI Diminution of Campylobacter colonization in neonatal pigs reared off-sow SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; JEJUNI; SWINE AB Pigs may be a natural reservoir of Campylobacter and can be colonized as early as 24 h after birth. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate what effect early removal of piglets from Campylobacter-positive sows has on Campylobacter prevalence in neonates. In two trials, piglets were removed from sows within 24 h of birth and were reared in nurseries isolated from sows for 21 days. From the neonates rectal swabs were cultured for Campylobacter, and Campylobacter status of the isolated piglets was compared to that of littermates reared on sows. The nurseries consisted of wire-floored farrowing crates that were equipped with heaters and self-feeders. In trial I, the Campylobacter prevalence in nursery-reared piglets was 13 of 14 on day 2 and 0 of 14 on day 20. Campylobacter prevalence in the sow-reared piglets was 8 of 9 from days 2 to 20. In trial II, 12 of 29 on day 2, and 5 of 26 on day 20, of the nursery-reared piglets were culture positive for Campylobacter. For the sow-reared piglets, Campylobacter prevalence was 7 of 15 on day 1 and 15 of 15 (100%) on day 20. These data suggest that successful permanent colonization of the gut by Campylobacter is probably related to constant exposure of piglets to Campylobacter-positive feces. Campylobacter prevalence may be diminished in neonates that are reared off-sow in isolated nurseries. C1 ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1430 EP 1432 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 361NW UT WOS:000089730000019 PM 11041146 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Corrier, DE Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Corrier, DE Ricke, SC TI Short chain fatty acids alter HEp-2 cell association and invasion by stationary growth phase salmonella typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella typhimurium; stationary phase; HEp-82 cells; invasion; cell-association; short-chain fatty acids ID BACTERIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORGANIC-ACIDS; DECONTAMINATION; FERMENTATION; ADAPTATION; EXPRESSION; ADHERENCE AB We examined the ability of stationary phase Salmonella typhimurium to adhere and invade cultured HEp-2 cells after growth in broth supplemented with acetate, propionate, butyrate, or a mixture of the three short chain fatty acids (SCFA). At pH 6, all concentrations, except 25 and 50 mM butyrate, reduced cell-association of S. typhimurium when compared to controls, while at pH 7 only 100 mM concentrations of acetate and butyrate reduced cell-association significantly. Invasion percentages were greater for S. typhimurium grown at an initial pH of 6 with 25 mM acetate when compared to controls, SCFA mixture, and all other single SCFA concentration combinations. At pH 7, invasion was greater with either the SCFA mixture or 25 or 50 mM acetate than with control and all other single SCFA concentration combinations. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oakwood Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1206 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10266.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 383KE UT WOS:000165881000021 ER PT J AU Maul, F Sargent, SA Sims, CA Baldwin, EA Balaban, MO Huber, DJ AF Maul, F Sargent, SA Sims, CA Baldwin, EA Balaban, MO Huber, DJ TI Tomato flavor and aroma quality as affected by storage temperature SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; descriptive sensory analysis; tomato aroma; electronic nose; multivariate discriminant analysis ID FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; VOLATILES; FRUIT AB Studies were conducted to describe flavor and aroma in ripe tomatoes stored at 5, 10, 12.5 and 20 degreesC. Fruit stored for 2 d below 20 degreesC were rated by trained sensory panelists as significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ripe aroma, tomato flavor, compared to those stored at 20 C Fruit stored at 5 degreesC for 4 d were rated significantly lower in ripe aroma, sweetness, tomato flavor and significantly higher in sourness, compared to those stored at 20 degreesC. Following 8 and 12 d storage, fruit at 5 degreesC were rated lowest in ripe aroma and sweetness. Significant reductions in important GC aroma volatiles and chemical composition and electronic nose analyses concurred with sensory descriptor ratings. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Valle, Agr Sci & Forestry Dept, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL USA. RP Sargent, SA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 31 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1228 EP 1237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10270.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 383KE UT WOS:000165881000025 ER PT J AU MacCleery, DW AF MacCleery, DW TI Aldo Leopold's land ethic - Is it only half a loaf? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB If one accepts the extension of ethics to the management of land, it would seem to be a relatively minor leap of logic to accept the idea that one's consumption choices-which also affect land-have an ethical content as well. C1 US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP MacCleery, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 201 14th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 98 IS 10 BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PA UT WOS:000167899500003 ER PT J AU Skog, KE Ince, PJ AF Skog, KE Ince, PJ TI Industrial ecology and sustainable forestry - A response by Kenneth E. Skog and Peter J. Ince SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Skog, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 98 IS 10 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PA UT WOS:000167899500009 ER PT J AU Wagner, MR Block, WM Geils, BW Wenger, KF AF Wagner, MR Block, WM Geils, BW Wenger, KF TI Restoration ecology - A new forest management paradigm, or another merit badge for foresters? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA; ECOSYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE; BIOLOGY AB Focusing on the Southwest but raising questions that are more broadly applicable,we compare ecological restoration with conventional management regimes-multiple-use management, ecosystem management,and managing for specific resource objectives. That restoration assumes a holistic perspective and active intervention does not distinguish it from other approaches to achieving ecosystem health. We find that foresters and restorationists both use ecology, but restorationists use a reference condition as a substitute for specific objectives. We believe that restorationists who advocate substituting a reference condition for meeting a priori objectives must demonstrate the advantage of this approach. We identify the conceptual limitations to ecological restoration and question the uses of restoration. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Soc Amer Foresters, Tappahannock, VA USA. RP Wagner, MR (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mike.wagner@nau.edu NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 98 IS 10 BP 22 EP + PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418PA UT WOS:000167899500010 ER PT J AU Smith, RE Goodrich, DC AF Smith, R. E. Goodrich, D. C. TI MODEL FOR RAINFALL EXCESS PATTERNS ON RANDOMLY HETEROGENEOUS AREAS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; UNSATURATED FLOW; ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; SURFACE RUNOFF; OVERLAND-FLOW; INFILTRATION; FIELDS AB A model is presented that can simulate infiltration from rainstorms on areas exhibiting random variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity K-S. Heterogeneity in the capillary drive (or length scale) parameter G can be treated as well. The method is based on a point infiltration model that includes the Green-Ampt or Smith-Parlange infiltration functions. The runoff area is characterized as an ensemble of infiltrating points or flow path strips that provides runoff to a receiving channel. The model is developed by simulation of a large ensemble using Latin hypercube sampling. The infiltration expression is responsive to a changing rainfall rate r and is easily characterized using the basic infiltration parameters K-S and G, plus a third parameter based only on the coefficient of variation of K-S or G. Areal heterogeneity causes a rainfall-dependent change in the areal effective value for K-S, called K-e(r). The infiltration expression contains rainfall rate as a variable, and observed storms with temporal rainfall patterns may easily be treated. Moreover, the new expression eliminates the explicit concept of ponding time as a separate calculation. The effect of heterogeneous infiltration parameters is demonstrated using several field cases. C1 [Smith, R. E.] Colorado State Univ, ARS, USDA, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Goodrich, D. C.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, ARS, USDA, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 5 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2000)5:4(355) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V15AW UT WOS:000207775900003 ER PT J AU Cooper, PJ Chico, ME Sandoval, C Espinel, I Guevara, A Kennedy, MW Urban, JF Griffin, GE Nutman, TB AF Cooper, PJ Chico, ME Sandoval, C Espinel, I Guevara, A Kennedy, MW Urban, JF Griffin, GE Nutman, TB TI Human infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with a polarized cytokine response SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS; NEMATODE INFECTIONS; TETANUS VACCINATION; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; GLOBAL BURDEN; T-CELL; POPULATIONS; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN AB To define the cytokine response to Ascaris lumbricoides infection, the cellular immune response to adult and larval-stage Ascaris antigens in young adults with moderate infection intensities (n = 73) was compared with that of a group of uninfected control subjects (n = 40). A. lumbricoides-infected subjects had significantly greater lymphoproliferative responses to adult and larval-stage antigens, compared with uninfected control subjects (P < .01). The frequencies of parasite antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-expressing interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were significantly greater in the infected group (P < .001), whereas the frequencies of IL-10- and interferon-gamma-expressing PBMC were similar in the 2 groups studied. The ratios of Th2 to Th1 cytokine frequencies were significantly elevated in the infected group, compared with those in uninfected subjects, as was IL-5 protein production by PBMC stimulated with adult (P < .05) and L3/L4 stage (P < .001) antigens, Analysis of these data indicates that A. lumbricoides infections in endemic regions are associated with a highly polarized type 2 cytokine response. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hosp Vozandes, Dept Clin Invest, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Infect & Immun, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Cooper, PJ (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr,Rm 4-126,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 27 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 182 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1213 DI 10.1086/315830 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 361FJ UT WOS:000089712100026 PM 10979919 ER PT J AU Yi, SX Adams, TS AF Yi, SX Adams, TS TI Effect of pyriproxyfen and photoperiod on free amino acid concentrations and proteins in the hemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; free amino acid; diapause protein; vitellogenin; juvenile hormone ID JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; ADULTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PURIFICATION; GRASSHOPPER; EXPRESSION; COLEOPTERA; LARVAE; ANALOG AB North Dakota strain of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was reared under both short- (8L:16D) and long-day (17L:7D) conditions. Age-related and pyriproxyfen- (JHA-) induced changes in hemolymph free amino acids and proteins were examined. Under a short-day photoperiod, the total free amino acid concentration in the hemolymph increased gradually up to 20 days of adult life, but the long-day beetles showed marked increases during the first 10 days and then decreased afterwards. Proline, glutamine and valine were the most abundant free amino acids in both sexes of beetles held under either short or long-day photoregims. JHA treatment of diapausing adults, held under either short- or long-day conditions after treatment, terminated diapause as indicated by re-emergence from the vermiculite, feeding, mating, changes in foe amino acid levels, the disappearance of diapause protein 1 and appearance of vitellogenin in the hemolymph. Furthermore, most of the JHA-treated females held under long-day conditions also matured oocytes and oviposited, but those held under short-day conditions did not. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1353 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00062-7 PG 13 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 346TU UT WOS:000088887800002 ER PT J AU Lynn, DE AF Lynn, DE TI Effects of long- and short-term passage of insect cells in different culture media on Baculovirus replication SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Spodoptera frugiperda; nucleopolyhedrovirus; AcMNPV; LdMNPV; cell cultures; media effects; virus productivity ID RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; LINES; EXPRESSION AB Two insect cell lines that had been maintained in both serum-free (SFM) and serum-containing (SCM) media for over 5 years were each tested for their ability to replicate baculovirus. The gypsy moth cell line, IPLB-LdEIta (Ld), produced similar (not statistically different) amounts of gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) occlusion bodies (OBs) in the two media (serum-free Ex-Cell 400 and TC-100 with 9% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, SCM1) but produced more of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) OBs in SFM than in SCM1. When Ld cells normally grown in SCM1 were switched to SFM, production of OBs from both viruses improved and, after three passages, reached higher levels of AcMNPV production than in cells normally maintained in that medium. Alternatively, cells switched from SFM to SCM, initially produced as much (in the case of LdMNPV) or higher (in the case of AcMNPV) levels of virus OBs than cells normally maintained in SCM, but productivity dropped off over subsequent passages such that after five passages in SCM1, cells produced substantially fewer OBs of both viruses. A fall armyworm cell line (IPLB-SF21AE; Sf) showed slightly different effects from long- and short-term passage in SFM (Ex-Cell 400) or SCM2 (TMN-FH). Cells maintained in SFM produced about 20 times more AcMNPV OBs than cells maintained long-term in SCM. Sf cells switched from SFM to SCM maintained the level of production of that seen in SFM at the first passage, but quickly dropped off OB production levels to that normally seen in SCM Alternatively, SCM-maintained Sf cells produced higher levels at the first passage in SFM and, within five passages in SFM, reached levels found in cells maintained for long term in this medium. Under the conditions in which these two cell lines were infected, the highest levels of AcMNPV OB production in Ld cells were about five times that of Sf cells. In a separate series of experiments, cells normally grown in SFM were passaged over five times in Ex-Cell 400 to which serum was added; both cell lines produced as much virus as that in SFM. These results suggest that it is not the serum per se but rather some other components which differ between the SFM and the SCM formulations that are responsible for the varied virus production obtained in these studies. The results of these studies suggest that a maintenance and virus production protocol can be developed with Ld cells which could improve overall efficiency of virus production. These studies also suggest that long-term maintenance of cells in SFM was not detrimental to their ability to produce baculoviruses. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lynn, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC-W,Bldg 011A,Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4966 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 365LC UT WOS:000089951900002 PM 11023743 ER PT J AU Olano, CT Bigger, CH AF Olano, CT Bigger, CH TI Phagocytic activities of the gorgonian coral Swiftia exserta SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Swiftia exserta; phagocytosis; coral; cnidarians; cellular defense AB The cellular response component of body defense in gorgonians and other cnidarians is thought to be carried out by cells with phagocytic capabilities. To test for the phagocytic character of cells, the introduction of foreign particles was employed and observed in both living cells and histological preparations of the gorgonian coral Swiftia exserta. Observations of untreated tissues revealed normal cells and tissue morphologies. A microscopic observation of living cells following the introduction of particles in a cut revealed that only a mixed population of colorless cells phagocytized the particles. Also particles or clumps of particles were seen on the surface of the colorless cells. Subsequent histological observations allowed identity of colorless cells to be inferred as granular amoebocytes, ectodermal cells, and gastrodermal cells. Cells stained for localization of peroxidase (indicative of phagocytic activity) demonstrated the presence of peroxidase-positive cells. Histological preparations revealed that major phagocytosis of particles was associated with tissue trauma. When particles were introduced by means of a cut or inserted thread, phagocytic activity was detected within 2 h. However, it was confined to the granular amoebocytes in the immediate site of trauma. After 24 h, extensive phagocytosis spread throughout a relatively large area surrounding the wound. At that later time, phagocytic cell types included granular amoebocytes, epidermal cells, sclerocytes, mesogleal cells, and gastrodermal cells of the solenia. Observations suggest that trauma induces phagocytosis in cells not normally phagocytic in S. exserta. No localization of phagocytic cells and no mitotic cells were observed at either 2 or 24 h after particle introduction. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Olano, CT (reprint author), USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08205] NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4974 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 365LC UT WOS:000089951900004 PM 11023745 ER PT J AU James, RR Jaronski, ST AF James, RR Jaronski, ST TI Effect of low viability on infectivity of Beauveria bassiana conidia toward the silverleaf whitefly SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; conidia; viability; infectivity; pathogenicity; Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia. argentifolii; whiteflies; entomopathogenic fungi C1 USDA ARS, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Mycotech Corp, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARC, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 227 EP 228 DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4954 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 365LC UT WOS:000089951900011 PM 11023752 ER PT J AU Zuerner, R Haake, D Adler, B Segers, R AF Zuerner, R Haake, D Adler, B Segers, R TI Technological advances in the molecular biology of Leptospira SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; LYME-DISEASE; FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; SUBTYPE HARDJOBOVIS; SPHINGOMYELINASE-C; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira have been refractory to genetic study due to lack of known mechanisms of genetic exchange. To bypass this limitation, several techniques have been useful for Leptospira gene discovery, including heterologous complementation of Escherichia coli mutants, screening of DNA libraries with probes, and random sequence analysis. Construction of combined physical and genetic maps revealed the presence of two circular chromosomal replicons. The organization of the L. interrogans genome is quite variable, with genetically similar strains differentiated by many rearrangements. These rearrangements likely occur through recombination between repetitive DNA elements found scattered throughout the genome. Analysis of intervening sequences and genes encoding LPS biosynthetic enzymes provide evidence of lateral transfer of DNA between Leptospira spp. We have also gained insight into the biology of these bacteria by analyzing genes encoding LPS and outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Some of these OMPs are differentially expressed. Characterization of mechanisms governing the expression of the OMP genes should provide insight into host-parasite interactions. Furthermore, recent advances in heterologous expression of leptospiral OMP genes are opening new avenues of vaccine development. C1 ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst 111F, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bacterial Pathogenesis Res Grp, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Intervet Int BV, Dept Bacteriol Res, NL-5830 AA Boxmeer, Netherlands. RP Zuerner, R (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU HORIZON SCIENTIFIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA PO BOX 1, NORFOLK, WYMONDHAM NR18 0JA, ENGLAND SN 1464-1801 J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 2 IS 4 BP 455 EP 462 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 404JG UT WOS:000167093200017 PM 11075918 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Spears, JW Crenshaw, TD Nielsen, FH AF Armstrong, TA Spears, JW Crenshaw, TD Nielsen, FH TI Boron supplementation of a semipurified diet for weanling pigs improves feed efficiency and bone strength characteristics and alters plasma lipid metabolites SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE boron; bone; cholesterol; triglycerides; pigs ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; CALCIUM; CHOLECALCIFEROL; MINERALIZATION; REPRODUCTION; CHICKENS; ESTROGEN; SWINE; TROUT AB Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of dietary boron (B) on performance, plasma minerals and metabolites, and bone characteristics in young pigs. In Experiment 1, 48 pigs (24 males, 24 females; 21 d old) were allotted to pens, which were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: I) control (natural ingredient diet; 6.7 mg B/kg diet), 2) control + 5 mg B/kg diet and 3) control + 15 mg B/kg diet. Boron was supplemented as sodium berate, In Experiment 2, 48 pigs (24 males, 24 females; 21 d old) were assigned to the same treatments described in Experiment 1; however, the basal diet was a semipurified diet (0.98 mg B/kg diet). Diets were fed for 40 d; on d 40, blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma mineral and metabolite concentrations. Femurs were harvested from 8 pigs per treatment on d 40 for determination of mechanical properties, ash and lipid percentage. In Experiment 1, B did not affect performance, plasma minerals or metabolites or bone properties. In Experiment 2, B supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the gain:feed ratio and increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. There was a treatment x sex interaction (P < 0.05) in Experiment 2 for bone lipid to be lower and bending moment to be higher, with the response occurring in male pigs. Other dependent variables in Experiment 2 were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, B supplementation of a low B diet elicited responses of physiologic importance to pigs, However, B supplementation of a natural ingredient diet did not elicit a response. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Interdept Nutr Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 44 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 130 IS 10 BP 2575 EP 2581 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 361NB UT WOS:000089728200028 PM 11015492 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ King, JC Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ King, JC Abrams, SA TI Body weight-specific zinc compartmental masses in girls significantly exceed those reported in adults: A stable isotope study using a kinetic model SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE children; compartmental model; stable isotope; zinc metabolism ID METABOLISM; HUMANS AB Maintaining optimal zinc status is important for normal growth and development in children, but minimal data are available regarding zinc metabolism in this age group. Our objectives were to utilize stable isotope-based compartmental modeling techniques to investigate zinc metabolism in healthy children; to expand a current stable isotope-based model to include red blood cell data; and to compare kinetic parameters in children with those previously reported in adults, Seven healthy girls, age 9.94 +/- 0.79 y, received 1.1 mg of a (67)zinc-enriched tracer orally and 0.5 mg of a (70)zinc-enriched tracer intravenous[y. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected far 6 d. Stable isotope enrichments were measured by thermal ionization magnetic sector mass spectrometry. A six-compartment model based on a model previously reported in adults was used; the model excluded red blood cell data. Body weight-corrected masses of the body zinc compartments derived using this model were significantly greater in children than those reported in adults. Modification of the model to include a red blood cell compartment increased the total identifiable zinc mass of the nongastrointestinal compartments by similar to 2.5%. We conclude that compartmental modeling can be used to describe zinc kinetics in children, and that the body weight-corrected zinc pool masses are significantly greater in children than in adults. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 130 IS 10 BP 2607 EP 2612 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 361NB UT WOS:000089728200033 PM 11015497 ER PT J AU Rao, DS Ray, R Holick, MF Horst, RL Uskokovic, MR Reddy, GS AF Rao, DS Ray, R Holick, MF Horst, RL Uskokovic, MR Reddy, GS TI Metabolism of [3 alpha-H-3] 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 in kidneys isolated from normal and vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE AND VITAMINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polar water-soluble metabolite(s); hydroxylation; kidney; metabolism; vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats; 250HD(2) ID 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; IDENTIFICATION AB With the availability of A-ring labelled 25OHD(2), [3 alpha-H-3] 25OHD(2), we have performed the present study to examine the metabolism of 25OHD(2) using physiological substrate concentrations in perfused kidneys isolated from both normal and vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats. Our results indicate that [3 alpha-H-3] 25OHD(2) is metabolized into both 24(S),25,28-trihydroxyvitamin D-2 [24(S),25,28(OH)(3)D-2] and 24(R),25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D-2 [24(R), 25,26(OH)(3)D-2], and the amounts of these two metabolites produced in the kidney of vitamin D-2-intoxicated rat were about 3-5 times higher than those produced in the kidney of normal rat, Similar results were also obtained with rat kidney homogenates incubated with [3 alpha-H-3] 25OHD(2). Furthermore, we noted that the production of both 24(S),25,28(OH)(3)D-2 and 24(R),25,26(OH)(3)D-2 in the kidney homogenates of vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats increased with the time of incubation and then subsequently decreased, The decrease in both 24(S),25,28(OH)(3)D-2 and 24(R),25,26(OH)(3)D-2 coincided with an increase in the fraction of total radioactivity distributed in the aqueous phase of the kidney homogenates. This finding suggested the possibility of further metabolism of 24(S),25,28(OH)(3)D-2 and 24(R), 25,26(OH)(3)D-2 into polar water-soluble metabolite(s). We then measured the radioactivity in the aqueous phase of kidney homogenates of both normal and vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats incubated with [3 alpha-H-3] 25OHD(2). It was noted that the amount of radioactivity in the aqueous phase of kidney homogenates of vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats is higher than that present in the aqueous phase of kidney homogenates of normal rats, Thus, our study provides evidence for the first time for the formation of both 24(S),25,28(OH)(3)D-2 and 24(R),25, 26(OH)(3)D-2 under physiological conditions, and the possibility of their further metabolism into as yet unidentified polar water-soluble metabolite(s). As the formation of all these metabolites is increased in the kidney of vitamin D-2-intoxicated rats when compared to normal rats, it appears that the increased rate of metabolism of 25OHD(2) during hypervitaminosis D-2 plays a significant role in the deactivation of 25OHD(2). C1 Brown Univ, Sch Med, Women & Infants Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI 02905 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vitamin D Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA. RP Reddy, GS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Med, Women & Infants Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Pediat, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI 02905 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0301-4800 J9 J NUTR SCI VITAMINOL JI J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 46 IS 5 BP 222 EP 229 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 378QH UT WOS:000165594700002 ER PT J AU Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Romanowski, RD AF Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Romanowski, RD TI A developmentally regulated hyaluronidase of Haemonchus contortus SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE INVASION; IN-VITRO; LARVAE; BIOCHEMISTRY; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; NEMATODES; PRODUCTS; VENOM AB The trichostrongylid nematode Haemonchus contortus released a hyaluronic acid-degrading enzyme during in vitro development from the third (L3) to fourth (L4) larval stage. The enzyme did not degrade chondroitin sulfate A. Enzyme activity was optimal between pH 4.0 and 6.0, and the enzyme was inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl; the divalent cations Cu2+ Zn2+ Ca2+, and Mn2+ were not inhibitory. The hyaluronidase had a molecular mass estimated at 57 kDa by sucrose density gradient Centrifugation and at 111 kDa by substrate sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (reducing and nonreducing conditions), suggesting the formation of a dimer during the electrophoretic separation conditions. The level of hyaluronidase released during in vitro development peaked between 24 and 48 hr in culture and then gradually decreased, with little or no activity present in the 168-hr culture fluid. The enzyme was not detected in culture fluid from 24-hr incubations of either the mid-L4 stage (obtained from sheep 7 days postinfection) or the adult stage (obtained from sheep 30-35 days postinfection). The temporal expression of the hyaluronidase suggested a role for this enzyme in the early stages of the L3-L4 developmental process. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rhoads, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 916 EP 921 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0916:ADRHOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700004 PM 11128510 ER PT J AU Akili, D Harp, JA AF Akili, D Harp, JA TI A factor derived from adult rat and cow small intestine reduces Cryptosporidium parvum infection in infant rats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL MICE AB Cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular protozoan parasite of the mammalian intestine. In rats, C. parvum infection is age related; infants are susceptible, whereas adults are resistant. The transition from susceptibility to resistance usually takes place around the age of weaning. In the present study, infant rats were orally inoculated with a preparation of intestinal scrapings taken from adult rats or cows. Infant rats received the scrapings daily from 3 to 14 days of age, were inoculated with C. parvum oocysts at 9 days of age, and killed at 15 days of age. Fecal samples and intestinal tissues were examined for the presence of C. parvum. Significantly fewer rats were infected in the groups that received intestinal scrapings compared with controls. In addition, infected rats in the treatment groups shed significantly fewer oocysts than those in the control group. Scrapings from the intestinal mucosa of adult cows were also able to protect infant rats from infection, whereas scrapings from intestines of calves were not protective. In sum, these data indicate the presence of a factor in the intestines of adult rats and cows that can transfer protection against C. parvum infection to susceptible infant rats. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Akili, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 979 EP 982 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700016 PM 11128521 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA AF Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA TI Synlophe patterns of the Haemonchinae of ruminants (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICAN RUMINANTS; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; KEY; SYSTEMATICS AB The pattern of longitudinal ridges (synlophe) on the external cuticular surface of trichostrongylid nematodes has been shown to be of value for distinguishing species and determining relationships among higher taxa. In the process of studying Mecistocirrus digitatus, the large stomach worm of bovids of Asia that has been imported and established in the Americas, we observed remarkably similar synlophe patterns to those described for 3 species of Haemonchus and to those we examined in a species of Ashworthius. In all 3 genera, the synlophe is absent from the posterior part of the body. Only in Haemonchus does the synlophe extend beyond midbody. In both M. digitatus and Ashworthius sidemi, the synlophe extends posteriorly only about 1/4 of body length. In all 3 genera, the synlophe consists of about 30 ridges in the region of the esophagus with variation among species in specific areas, including additional pairs of subventral and subdorsal ridges and different lengths of sublateral ridges. This information is useful for identifying species and determining relationships among these large stomach worm parasites of cattle, sheep, goats, and farmed and wild cervids. C1 USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1093:SPOTHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700034 PM 11128486 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Clark, TR Yantis, D AF Dubey, JP Clark, TR Yantis, D TI Frenkelia microti infection in a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APICOMPLEXA AB A Frenkelia microti tissue cyst was found in the brain of a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) used for biomedical research. This is the first report of Frenkelia infection in this animal in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Anim Sources, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1150 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1149:FMIIAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700046 PM 11128498 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Hamir, AN AF Dubey, JP Hamir, AN TI Immunohistochemical confirmation of Sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons, mink, cat, skunk, and pony SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; FATAL HEPATIC SARCOCYSTOSIS; DISTEMPER VIRUS-INFECTION; N-SP PROTOZOA; PROCYON-LOTOR; ENCEPHALITIS; ORGANISM; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AB In the central nervous system of 2 raccoons, 1 cat, 1 pony, 2 mink, and 1 skunk, protozoa previously thought to be Sarcocystis-like reacted positively to Sarcocystis neurona-specific antibodies in an immunohistochemical test. In addition, S. neurona was identified in the brain of another skunk. These observations indicate that S. neurona is not confined to opossums and horses. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1150 EP 1152 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1150:ICOSNI]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700047 PM 11128499 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS McKown, RD Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS McKown, RD Dubey, JP TI Sarcocystis campestris from naturally infected 13-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus tridecemlineatus, from Nebraska SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Grossly visible sarcocysts were seen in the skeletal muscles of 1 of 12 13-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus tridecemlineatus, collected in Nebraska. The tissue cyst wall was up to 5.0 mum thick and contained spikelike projections. Transmission electron microscopy of tissue cysts revealed they were similar to Sarcocystis campestris Cawthorn, Wobeser, and Gajadhar, 1983, previously known only from experimental infections in Richardson's ground squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii. Prominent electron-dense bodies were observed lining the microfilaments present in the spikelike projections of the sarcocyst wall. This is the first report of S. campestris in a natural intermediate host and the first report of this parasite outside of Saskatoon, Canada. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1161 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700050 PM 11128502 ER PT J AU Mao, LJ Imam, S Gordon, S Cinelli, P Chiellini, E AF Mao, LJ Imam, S Gordon, S Cinelli, P Chiellini, E TI Extruded cornstarch-glycerol-polyvinyl alcohol blends: Mechanical properties, morphology, and biodegradability SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE extruded; polyvinyl alcohol; starch; glycerol; biodegradation; films ID STARCH; PLASTICS; FILMS AB Elongation properties of extruded cornstarch were improved by blending with glycerol. Further blending of starch-glycerol with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in significant improvements in both tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break. Samples of starch-glycerol without PVOH equilibrated at 50% relative humidity had a TS of 1.8 MPa and elongation of 113%, whereas those containing PVOH had a TS and elongation of 4 MPa and 150%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of starch-glycerol-PVOH blends showed that decreases in glass transition temperatures (T-g values) were proportional to glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed numerous cracks in starch-glycerol (80:20) samples. Cracks were absent in starch-glycerol (70:30) samples. In both blends, many starch granules were exposed at the surface. No exposed starch granules were visible in blends with added PVOH. Starch-glycerol samples incubated in compost lost up to 70% of their dry weight within 22 days. Addition of PVOH lowered both the rate and extent of biodegradation. C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Imam, S (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Cinelli, Patrizia/0000-0003-2401-133X NR 23 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 IS 4 BP 205 EP 211 AR UNSP 1566-2543/00/1000-0205/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015201928153 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 549PR UT WOS:000175453700007 ER PT J AU Lee, SE Choi, WS Lee, HS Park, BS AF Lee, SE Choi, WS Lee, HS Park, BS TI Cross-resistance of a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Cucujidae) to fumigant toxicity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its major monoterpene, 1,8-cineole SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cross-resistance; Eucalyptus globulus; essential oil; 1; 8-cineole; fumigant toxicity; Oryzaephilus surinamensis ID OBTECTUS SAY COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; INHIBITION; RAT AB The fumigant toxicities of eucalyptus essential oil and 1,8-cineole, the major component of eucalyptus oil, were tested against a chlolpyrifos-methyl resistant strain and a reference strain of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The resistant strain showed 1.9- and 2.2-fold higher tolerance against essential oil and 1,8-cineole fumigation toxicity, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. The increased tolerance for the essential oil may be the result of cross-resistance. The resistance mechanisms in the resistant strain arte discussed in relation to elevated detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Chungnam 337745, South Korea. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Chunbuk 561756, South Korea. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Lee, Hoi-Seon/A-6589-2013; OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00059-4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 339BF UT WOS:000088457200005 PM 10880815 ER PT J AU Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Blumberg, JB AF Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Blumberg, JB TI The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nutritional and Functional Roles of Eggs in the Diet CY FEB 25-27, 2000 CL AMELIAN ISL, FLORIDA SP Amer Egg Board & Egg Nutr Ctr DE cataract; age-related macular degeneration; xanthophylls; lutein; zeaxanthin ID BEAVER DAM EYE; ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-A; RISK; TOCOPHEROLS; MACULOPATHY; PIGMENT; NUCLEAR; EXTRACTION AB The carotenoid xanthophylls, lutein and zeawanthin, accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the macula are greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 36 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP 522S EP 527S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 360GJ UT WOS:000089657800005 PM 11023002 ER PT J AU Wilson, TA Ausman, LM Lawton, CW Hegsted, DM Nicolosi, RJ AF Wilson, TA Ausman, LM Lawton, CW Hegsted, DM Nicolosi, RJ TI Comparative cholesterol lowering properties of vegetable oils: Beyond fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE rice bran oil; unsaponifiables; hypercholesterolemic; saturated fat; monounsaturated fat; polyunsaturated fat ID RICE BRAN OIL; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; LIPID-METABOLISM; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CEBUS MONKEYS; ABSORPTION AB Objective: Our laboratory has previously reported that the hypolipidemic effect of rice bran oil (RBO) is not entirely explained by its fatty acid composition. Although RBO has up to three times more serum cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SATS) than some unsaturated vegetable oils, we hypothesized that its greater content of the unsaponifiables would compensate for its high SATS and yield comparable cholesterol-lowering properties to other vegetable oils with less SATS. Methods: To study the comparative effects of different unsaturated vegetable oils on serum Lipoprotein levels, nine cynomologus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were fed diets, for four weeks, in a Latin square design, containing rice bran, canola or corn oils (as 20% of energy) in a basal mixture of other fats to yield a final dietary fat concentration of 30% of energy. All animals were fed a baseline diet containing 36% of energy as fat with 15% SATS, 15% monounsaturated fatty acids (MONOS) and 6% polyunsaturated fatty acids (POLYS). Results: Despite the lower SATS and higher MONOS content of canola oil and the higher POLYS content of corn oil, RBO produced similar reductions in serum total cholesterol (TC) (-25%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-30%). In addition, as compared to the baseline diet, the reduction in serum TC and LDL-C cholesterol with RBO was not accompanied by reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) which occurred with the other two dietary oils. Using predictive equations developed from data gathered from several studies with non-human primates, we noted that the observed serum TC and LDL-C lowering capabilities of the RBO diet were in excess of those predicted based on the fatty acid composition of RBO. Conclusions: These studies suggest that non-fatty acid components (unsaponifiables) of RBO can contribute significantly to its cholesterol-lowering capability. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Hlth & Clin Sci, Ctr Chron Dis Control & Prevent, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Chron Dis Control & Prevent, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Nicolosi, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Hlth & Clin Sci, Ctr Chron Dis Control & Prevent, 3 Solomont Way,Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. OI Wilson, Thomas/0000-0001-8363-4356 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL39385] NR 41 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 359GL UT WOS:000089603100005 PM 11022873 ER PT J AU McKay, DL Perrone, G Rasmussen, H Dallal, G Hartman, W Cao, GH Prior, RL Roubenoff, R Blumberg, JB AF McKay, DL Perrone, G Rasmussen, H Dallal, G Hartman, W Cao, GH Prior, RL Roubenoff, R Blumberg, JB TI The effects of a multivitamin/mineral supplement on micronutrient status, antioxidant capacity and cytokine production in healthy older adults consuming a fortified diet SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; antioxidant; multivitamin; supplementation ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; ELDERLY WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NUTRITIONAL NEEDS; VASCULAR-DISEASE AB Background: Inadequate micronutrient intake among older adults is common despite the increased prevalence of fortified/enriched foods in the American diet. Although many older adults take multivitamin supplements in an effort to compensate, studies examining the benefits of this behavior are absent. Objective: To determine whether a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement can improve micronutrient status, plasma antioxidant capacity and cytokine production in healthy, free-living older adults already consuming a fortified diet. Methods: An eight-week double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among 80 adults aged 50 to 87 years (mean=66.5+/-8.6 years). Results: Multivitamin treatment significantly increased (p<0.01, compared to placebo) plasma concentrations of vitamins D (77 to 100 nmol/L), E (27 to 32 mu mol/L), pyridoxal phosphate (55.1 to 75.2 nmol/L), folate (23 to 33 nmol/L), B12 (286 to 326 pmol/L)), C (55 to 71 mu mol/L), and improved the riboflavin activity coefficient (1.23 to 1.15), but not Vitamins A and thiamin. The multivitamin reduced the prevalence of suboptimal plasma levels of Vitamins E (p=0.003), B12 (p=0.004), and C (p=0.08). Neither glutathione peroxidase activity nor antioxidant capacity (ORAC) were affected. No changes were observed in interleukin-2, -6 or -10 and prostaglandin E-2, proxy measures of immune responses. Conclusions: Supplementation with a multivitamin formulated at about 100% Daily Value can decrease the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin status in older adults and improve their micronutrient status to levers associated with reduced risk for several chronic diseases. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 75 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 613 EP 621 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 359GL UT WOS:000089603100007 PM 11022875 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Rasmussen, HM Charnley, JM Wood, RJ Booth, SL AF McKeown, NM Rasmussen, HM Charnley, JM Wood, RJ Booth, SL TI Accuracy of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) data in 2 nutrient databases as determined by direct laboratory analysis of diets SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DENSITY; FOODS; WOMEN; OILS C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Div Community Publ Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 100 IS 10 BP 1201 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00347-3 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MN UT WOS:000170311500021 PM 11043708 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Wixson, T Remke, LJ Lewis, RR Zack, RS AF Landolt, PJ Wixson, T Remke, LJ Lewis, RR Zack, RS TI Methyl anthranilate attracts males of Thaumatomyia glabra (Meigen) (Diptera : Chloropidae). SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLAND AB Thaumatomyia glabra (Meigen) flies were observed at a blueberry-scented candle at an open window. Significant numbers of males of this fly subsequently were captured in traps baited with a piece of the same type of candle, compared to numbers captured in unbaited traps. GC-MS analysis of a volatile collection made from air passed over a blueberry scented candle revealed the presence of a number of chemicals, including methyl anthranilate. In field tests, significant numbers of male T. glabra were captured in traps baited with methyl anthranilate applied to a filter paper. Numbers of males captured in traps increased significantly with the dose of methyl anthranilate applied to a filter paper in the trap, through the highest dose tested (140 mug per paper). In a direct comparison of methyl anthranilate (140 mug) and scented candle, greater numbers of dies were captured in traps baited with methyl anthranilate. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnawac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 73 IS 4 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451JN UT WOS:000169799100001 ER PT J AU Cane, JH Minckley, RL Kervin, LJ AF Cane, JH Minckley, RL Kervin, LJ TI Sampling bees (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) for pollinator community studies: Pitfalls of pan-trapping SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCES; PLANT AB With the growing interest in pollinator conservation, a need has emerged for a simple. unbiased method to reliably sample local bee faunas. One method. pan-trapping, has increased in popularity without critical evaluation of its efficacy and biases. We compared traditional net collecting at flowers and pan trapping concurrently, sampling the local bee fauna of the dominant desert shrub. creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) growing at the Silver-bell site of the International Biosphere Program (IBP) nw of Tucson Arizona. pan-traps on the ground yielded a faunal sample depauperate in many of the more common native bee species on creosote bush, particularly its floral specialists. This pan-trap sample also corresponded poorly with the previous four years' faunal samples at this site, with pairs of neighboring net-sampled sites throughout the Southwest. and with all pairs of bee samples from Larrea across the Upper Sonoran desert. The likely causes of this disparity and the utility of pan trapping for bees in faunal and community studies is discussed. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 19 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 64 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 73 IS 4 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 451JN UT WOS:000169799100005 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME AF Salvucci, ME TI Sorbitol accumulation in whiteflies: evidence for a role in protecting proteins during heat stress SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia; sorbitol; polyols; heat stress; insect carbohydrates; thermal inactivation ID INCREASED THERMAL-STABILITY; TREHALOSE SYNTHESIS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHOCK PROTEINS; IN-VITRO; THERMOTOLERANCE AB 1. The relationship between sorbitol accumulation and thermotolerance was examined in whiteflies and was related to the thermoprotective properties of sorbitol in vitro. 2. Whiteflies that were conditioned at 40 degrees C on diets that supported sorbitol accumulation had lower mortality rates at 44 and 46 degrees C than unconditioned whiteflies and whiteflies that were conditioned at 40 degrees C on diets that did not support sorbitol accumulation. 3. Physiological concentrations of sorbitol protected soluble whitefly proteins from heat-induced aggregation and inactivation. 4. Sorbitol accumulation in heat-stressed whiteflies was analogous to trehalose accumulation in yeast, and in the same way probably increases the thermotolerance of whiteflies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00107-2 PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 333HL UT WOS:000088124800004 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME Stecher, DS Henneberry, TJ AF Salvucci, ME Stecher, DS Henneberry, TJ TI Heat shock proteins in whiteflies, an insect that accumulates sorbitol in response to heat stress SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock proteins; Hsp; Bemisia; sorbitol; polyols; heat stress; thermotolerance ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CIRCULATIVE TRANSMISSION; ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TREHALOSE SYNTHESIS; HSP70 EXPRESSION; THERMOTOLERANCE; ACQUISITION AB 1. The heat shock response was examined in the silverleaf whitefly. Hsp70 and Hsp90 were the major polypeptides synthesized by whiteflies in response to heat stress. 2. The amounts of Hsp70 and Hsp60 protein and Hsp70 mRNA were unchanged in response to a diurnal increase in temperature, whereas sorbitol content increased eight-fold. That steady-state levels of Hsps did not increase with higher rates of synthesis suggests that Hsps turn over faster in heat-stressed whiteflies. 3. Hsp70 transcript levels were highest when nutrient deprivation accompanied heat stress. Thus, Hsps appear to be especially important for heat-stressed whiteflies when sorbitol synthesis is limited nutritionally. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00108-4 PG 9 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 333HL UT WOS:000088124800005 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM AF Klevay, LM Christopherson, DM TI Copper deficiency halves serum dehydroepiandrosterone in rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper; deficiency; rats ID DHEA; ANIMALS AB DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone often taken as a dietary supplement to prevent the normal decline with age and in the hope of preventing heart attacks. Rats in two experiments were made deficient in copper by standard methods and criteria. Copper deficiency decreased DHEA in serum by approximately 50%. People who associate higher serum concentrations of DHEA with health probably should eat a diet adequate in copper. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0946-672X(00)80002-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 384CB UT WOS:000165920600002 PM 11130850 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Harcombe, PA Harmon, ME Greene, SE AF Acker, SA Harcombe, PA Harmon, ME Greene, SE TI Biomass accumulation over the first 150 years in coastal Oregon Picea-Tsuga forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; long-term biomass dynamics; net primary production; Picea sitchensis; tree mortality; tree recruitment; Tsuga heterophylla ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; HETEROPHYLLA FOREST; STAND DEVELOPMENT; WESTERN OREGON; NATIONAL-PARK; GROWTH; DECAY; AGE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Production and mortality are the component processes that together determine the biomass dynamics of forests. Due to the significant role of forests in the global carbon cycle, it is important to assess how these two processes affect the maximum biomass attained by forests, as well as the dynamics leading up to and following peak biomass. We address these questions for two sets of plots in Picea stichensis-Tsuga heterophylla forest on the northern Oregon coast: that originated from a catastrophic wildfire in the 1840s, using new data on dynamics of live trees and stocks of coarse woody debris (CWD). The set of plots closest to the ocean and occupying steeper, more dissected terrain with areas of thin soils has lower biomass, lower net primary production (NPP) of bole wood and higher, tree mortality as a fraction of standing biomass. The two sets of plots have similar CWD levels, most of which has accumulated in the last 25 yr. The present dispar ity in biomass between the two sets of plots appears to be the result of lower NPP on the low-biomass plots for the entire 140+ yr history of the forest. Over the 58 yr that the high-biomass plots have been measured (from stand age 85 to 143 yr), NPP of bole wood has declined by 41%. Only ca. 6% of this decline can be accounted for by an increase in maintenance respiration of woody tissues. For both sets of plots relative constancy of biomass in the long term appears likely, due to a short time lag in tree regeneration, asynchronous tree mortality and little overall decline in NPP of bole wood in recent decades. However, since tree mortality as a fraction of stranding biomass is higher on the low-biomass plots, and NPP of hole wood is slightly lower, the difference in biomass between the two sets of plots should increase if current rates of production and mortality persist. C1 Natl Pk Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Natl Pk Sci, 909 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 11 IS 5 BP 725 EP 738 DI 10.2307/3236579 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 389TD UT WOS:000166253100012 ER PT J AU Koci, MD Seal, BS Schultz-Cherry, S AF Koci, MD Seal, BS Schultz-Cherry, S TI Development of an RT-PCR diagnostic test for an avian astrovirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE turkey astrovirus; RT-PCR; poult enteritis mortality syndrome ID HATCHLING TURKEYS; INFECTION; VIRUSES; POULTS AB Astroviruses are small round viruses that cause enteric disease in the young of several species. Detection and diagnosis of astrovirus infection in non-human hosts relies heavily on electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody tests. Recently, our laboratory isolated and sequenced an avian astrovirus from poult enteritis mortality syndrome affected turkeys. These studies describe the development of RT-PCR methods, which specifically detect regions of the viral capsid and polymerase genes, and demonstrate their use in detecting astrovirus infection in commercial turkey flocks. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. OI Koci, Matthew/0000-0002-5766-4049 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00228-7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 360NB UT WOS:000089673200008 PM 11011083 ER PT J AU Baszler, TV Dubey, JP Lohr, CV Foreyt, WJ AF Baszler, TV Dubey, JP Lohr, CV Foreyt, WJ TI Toxoplasmic encephalitis in a free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep from Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; case report; encephalitis; Ovis canadensis canadensis; Toxoplasma gondii ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM AB A 4-mo-old free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from the Hells Canyon area (Washington, USA) was diagnosed with encephalitis associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. The sheep had concurrent pneumonic pastuerellosis and resided in a geographic area with endemic Pastuerella-associated pneumonia and mortality in bighorn sheep. The brain had multifocal necrotizing and nonsuppurative encephalitis with intralesional protozoa. The protozoa were identified as T. gondii by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii infection in a Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baszler, TV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 752 EP 754 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 371GK UT WOS:000165170300016 PM 11085438 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Quist, CF Fritz, DL AF Dubey, JP Quist, CF Fritz, DL TI Systemic sarcocystosis in a wild turkey from Georgia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE acute sarcocystosis; case report; Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; myocarditis; pneumonia; Sarcocystis sp schizont; wild turkey ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; FALCATULA; ENCEPHALITIS; PATHOGENESIS; BUDGERIGAR; OPOSSUMS; NEURONA; BIRDS; APICOMPLEXA; MYOCARDITIS AB Acute sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an adult female wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) that was collected from Early County (Georgia, USA) in February of 1998. Marked inflammatory lesions were seen in the heart, lung, and liver and were associated with protozoal schizonts and merozoites. The organisms were identified as Sarcocystis sp. (Acomplexa: Sarcocystidae) based on structure and antigenicity. Protozoa divided by endopolygeny, merozoites lacked rhoptries, and the organisms did not react to anti-S. falcatula antibodies but reacted to anti-S. cruzi antibodies. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Div Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Quist, CF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 755 EP 760 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 371GK UT WOS:000165170300017 PM 11085439 ER PT J AU Cummings, CA Kocan, AA Barker, RW Dubey, JP AF Cummings, CA Kocan, AA Barker, RW Dubey, JP TI Muscular sarcocystosis in coyotes from Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE coyote; Canis latrans; sarcocystosis; sarcocysts; survey ID DOG AB In a recent survey in Oklahoma (USA), 52 free-ranging coyotes were examined for the presence of sarcocysts. Two of these coyotes were found infected with sarcocysts in skeletal muscle. By light microscopy, the cyst wall was thin and smooth. Ultrastructurally, the cyst wall had minute villar protrusions. The sarcocysts were 14.4 to 50.4 mum wide and 46.8 to 99 mum long. This is the first report of Sarcocystis sp. sarcocysts in the skeletal muscle of coyotes. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Physiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cummings, CA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 761 EP 763 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 371GK UT WOS:000165170300018 PM 11085440 ER PT J AU Santin-Duran, M Alunda, JM San Miguel, JM Hoberg, EP de la Fuente, C AF Santin-Duran, M Alunda, JM San Miguel, JM Hoberg, EP de la Fuente, C TI Elaeophorosis in red deer from Spain SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Cervus elaphus; Elaeophora elaphi; Dama dama; fallow deer; red deer; survey ID LESIONS; ELAPHI AB Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of microfilariae. C1 Univ Complutense, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim Sanidad Anim 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USDA, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Santin-Duran, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim Sanidad Anim 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 371GK UT WOS:000165170300022 PM 11085444 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Burnham, KP Thompson, WL AF Anderson, DR Burnham, KP Thompson, WL TI Null hypothesis testing: Problems, prevalence, and an alternative SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIC; Akaike weights; Ecology; information theory; Journal of Wildlife Management; Kullback-Leibler information; model selection; null hypothesis; P-values; significance tests ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; P-VALUES; INFERENCE; KNOWLEDGE; SURVIVAL; POWER AB This paper presents a review and critique of statistical null hypothesis testing in ecological studies in general, and wildlife studies in particular, and describes an alternative. Our review of Ecology and the journal of Wildlife Management found the use of null hypothesis testing to be pervasive. The estimated number of P-values appearing within articles of Ecology exceeded 8,000 in 1991 and has exceeded 3,000 in each year since 1984, whereas the estimated number of P-values in the Journal of Wildlife Management exceeded 8,000 in 1997 and has exceeded 3,000 in each year since 1991. We estimated that 47% (SE = 3.9%) of the P-values in the Journal of Wildlife;fe Management lacked estimates of means or effect sizes or even the sign of the difference in means or other parameters. We find that null hypothesis testing is uninformative when no estimates of means or effect size and their precision are given. Contrary to common dogma, tests of statistical null hypotheses have relatively little utility in science and are not a fundamental aspect of the scientific method. We recommend their use be reduced in favor of more informative approaches. Towards this objective, we describe a relatively new paradigm of data analysis based on Kullback-Leibler information. This paradigm is an extension of likelihood theory and, when used correctly, avoids many of the fundamental limitations and common misuses of null hypothesis testing. Information-theoretic methods focus on providing a strength of evidence for an a priori set of alternative hypotheses, rather than a statistical test of a null hypothesis. This paradigm allows the following types of evidence for the alternative hypotheses: the rank of each hypothesis, expressed as a model; an estimate of the formal likelihood of each model, given the data; a measure of precision that incorporates model selection uncertainty; and simple methods to allow the use of the set of alternative models in making formal inference. We provide an example of the information-theoretic approach using data on the effect of lead on survival in spectacled elder ducks (Somateria fischeri). Regardless of the analysis paradigm used, we strongly recommend inferences based on a priori considerations be clearly separated from those resulting from some form of data dredging. C1 Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Room 201 Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 55 TC 1034 Z9 1066 U1 23 U2 281 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 912 EP 923 DI 10.2307/3803199 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 369EL UT WOS:000165053000003 ER PT J AU Shumake, SA Sterner, RT Gaddis, SE AF Shumake, SA Sterner, RT Gaddis, SE TI Repellents to reduce cable gnawing by wild Norway rats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gnawing; rat; Rattus norvegicus; repellent; rodent AB Rodents gnaw communications and power cables, resulting in service interruptions, fires, and other safety concerns. Commensal rodents such as the Norway rat ((Rattus norvegicus) have been implicated in many of these situations. Two chemical repellents (capsicum oleoresin-capsaicin and denatonium benzoate) at 2.0% mass/mass concentrations in a polybutene carrier (Indopol(R)-control) were evaluated for repellent efficacy compared to a plastic mesh physical barrier material (Vexar(R)) and the polybutene carrier (placebo) alone using groups of individually caged wild Norway rats. The materials were applied to short lengths of communications cable (RG-8U) with the repellents enclosed in electrical shrink tubing around the samples and the plastic mesh attached to the samples for ? days of continuous rat exposure. Measures of damage taken after rat exposure included mass of cable material damaged, Volume loss to gnawing, depth of gnaw penetration, width of gnawing, and a qualitative index of damage based upon visual appearance. Using a stepwise discriminant analysis, we found less damage (P < 0.05) using the volume loss measure (cc) for the capsaicin and for the denatonium groups than for the polybutane-carrier (placebo) group. Other measures of gnawing damage did not improve statistical comparisons of the repellents. For all 5 measures of damage, there was a consistent rank order pattern among the means with capsaicin < denatonium < Vexar(R) < Indopol(R)-control. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Shumake, SA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1013 DI 10.2307/3803211 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 369EL UT WOS:000165053000015 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB AF Aubry, KB TI Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; habitat relationships; timber harvest; forest management; stand age; clearcut; coarse woody debris ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; WESTERN OREGON; PLETHODON-VEHICULUM; STAND AGE; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS AB Few studies have been conducted on amphibian communities in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in the Pacific Northwest. My objectives were to investigate patterns of amphibian species richness, biomass, and abundance, and explore habitat relationships in different age classes of second-growth Douglas-fir forests managed primarily for timber production. I sampled terrestrial amphibian populations occurring in 4 distinct age classes of managed forest in western Washington with pitfall traps from 1992 to 1994. Although these forests were devoid of residual old growth, and all stands were at least in their second rotation, they contained the same assemblage of amphibian species occurring in unmanaged Douglas-fir forests in this region. Terrestrial amphibian communities in managed forests were structured differently than in unmanaged forests, however, xith higher proportions of northwestern salamanders (Ambystoma gracile) and western redback salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum); and a much lower proportion of tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei). Contrary to several previous studies, I found no evidence that variation in amphibian abundances was strongly influenced by the amount of coarse woody debris on the forest floor. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of intensive timber management on coarse woody debris and its role in the persistence of terrestrial amphibian populations in managed forests. Because rotation-age stands (the oldest age class) had the highest amphibian species richness, total biomass, and total abundance, and contained significantly higher abundances of the ensatina (Ensatina eschscholtzii) and red-legged frog (Rana aurora) than all younger age classes, silvicultural strategies that increase the percentage of rotation-age forest conditions within managed landscapes are likely to enhance the long-term habitat quality of intensively managed forest landscapes for terrestrial amphibians. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM kaubry@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1052 DI 10.2307/3803215 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 369EL UT WOS:000165053000019 ER PT J AU Berry, ED AF Berry, ED TI Development and demonstration of RNA isolation and RT-PCR procedures to detect Escherichia coli O157 : H7 gene expression on beef carcass surfaces SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBLETHAL HEAT-SHOCK; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ACID ADAPTATION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; STATIONARY-PHASE; PRESERVATION MICROBIOLOGY; MESSENGER-RNA; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE AB Preventing the development of pathogen resistance to processing and preservation techniques will require an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that pathogens use in situ To adapt and develop tolerance to stresses they encounter in the food environment. RNA isolation and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR protocols were developed as tools to detect gene expression in bacteria on beef carcass surfaces. The utility of these procedures was demonstrated by detecting the expression of a selectively-inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in a plasmid-transformed strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto beef carcass surface tissue. These procedures should serve as useful tools for studying the genetic responses of bacteria when exposed to antimicrobial interventions applied to food animal carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00803.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 369MK UT WOS:000165069800001 PM 11068904 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW Hou, CT Weisleder, D Brown, W AF Gardner, HW Hou, CT Weisleder, D Brown, W TI Biotransformation of linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp ALA2: Heterocyclic and heterobicyclic fatty acids SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article AB Clavibacter sp. ALA2 transformed linoleic acid into a variety of oxylipins. In previous work, three novel fatty acids were identified, (9Z)-12,13,17-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid and two tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids. In this report, we confirm the structures of the tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids by nuclear magnetic resonance as (9Z)-12-hydroxy-13, 16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid and (9Z)-7,12-dihydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid. Three other products of the biotransformation were identified as novel heterobicyclic fatty acids, (9Z)-12,17;13,17-diepoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-7-hydroxy-12,17;13,17-diepoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, and (9Z)-12,17;13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid. Thus, Clavibacter ALA2 effectively oxidized linoleic acid at C-7, -12, -13, -16, and/or -17. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Analyt Chem Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1007/s11745-000-0618-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 367CK UT WOS:000090043900001 PM 11104009 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE Erickson, KL AF Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE Erickson, KL TI Dietary conjugated linoleic acid did not alter immune status in young healthy women SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 16, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID MAMMARY-GLAND; FATTY-ACIDS; CARCINOGENESIS; MICE; RAT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MODULATION; SUPPRESSES; GROWTH; PIGS AB The purpose of this study was to examine whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in human diets would enhance indices of immune status as reported by others for animal models. Seventeen women, 20-41 yr, participated in a 93-d study conducted in two cohorts of 9 and 8 women at the Metabolic Research Unit of Western Human Nutrition Research Center. Seven subjects were fed the basal diet (19, 30, and 51% energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively) throughout the study. The remaining 10 subjects were fed the basal diet for the first 30 d, followed by 3.9 g CLA (Tonalin)/d for the next 63 d. CLA made up 65% of the fatty acids in the Tonalin capsules, with the following isomeric composition: t10,c12, 22.6%; c11,t13, 23.6%; c9, t11, 17.6%; t8,c10, 16.6%; and other isomers 19.6%. Most indices of immune response were tested at weekly intervals, three times at the end of each period (stabilization/intervention); delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to a panel of six recall antigens was tested on study day 30 and 90; all subjects were immunized on study day 65 with an influenza vaccine, and antibody titers were examined in the sera collected on day 65 and 92. None of the indices of immune status tested (number of circulating white blood cells, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and their subsets, lymphocytes proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin, and influenza vaccine, serum influenza antibody titers, and DTH response) were altered during the study in either dietary group. Thus, in contrast to the reports with animal models, CLA feeding to young healthy women did not alter any of the indices of immune status tested. These data suggest that short-term CLA supplementation in healthy volunteers is safe, but it does not have any added benefit to their immune status. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Dept Nutr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD OCT PY 2000 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s11745-000-0620-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 367CK UT WOS:000090043900003 PM 11104011 ER PT J AU Fahrenkrug, SC Freking, BA Rexroad, CE Leymaster, KA Kappes, SM Smith, TPL AF Fahrenkrug, SC Freking, BA Rexroad, CE Leymaster, KA Kappes, SM Smith, TPL TI Comparative mapping of the ovine clpg locus SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID FETAL ANTIGEN-1 FA1; CALLIPYGE LOCUS; LINKAGE MAP; GROWTH; GENE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; PANCREAS; CLONING; CATTLE AB We used a comparative mapping approach to identify segments of conserved synteny between human Chromosome 14 (HSA14), bovine Chromosome 21 (BTA21), and the portion of ovine Chromosome 18 (OAR18) that contains the clpg locus. A bovine radiation hybrid map of the region was constructed with available Type II genetic markers and seven candidate genes to establish the comparative interval between BTA21 and HSA14. We developed polymorphic microsatellite and SNP markers associated with five candidate genes and placed them on the ovine and/or bovine genetic maps by multipoint linkage analysis. Three additional genes were mapped by virtue of their physical linkage to genetically mapped makers. Development of integrated linkage and physical maps facilitates the selection of positional candidate genes from the gene rich human map. The physically linked candidate genes PREF-1 and MEG3 map to the interval containing the clpg locus. Comparative biology suggests imprinting of MEG3 and/or the influences of PREF-1 on cellular differentiation, should be examined for their role in the parent-of-origin dependent influence of mutant clpg alleles on sheep muscle characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Fahrenkrug, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD OCT PY 2000 VL 11 IS 10 BP 871 EP 876 DI 10.1007/s003350010150 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 358RZ UT WOS:000089572100011 PM 11003702 ER PT J AU Spanier, AM Romanowski, RD AF Spanier, AM Romanowski, RD TI A potential index for assessing the tenderness of hydrodynamic pressure (HDP)-treated beef strip loins SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; tenderness; hydrodynamic pressure (HDP); strip loin; differential centrifugation; subcellular fractionation ID BOVINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; POSTMORTEM STORAGE; IONIC-STRENGTH; MEAT FLAVOR; CATHEPSIN-D; TEMPERATURE; TOUGHNESS; CARCASSES; PH AB The objective of this research was to obtain physicochemical data that might prove useful in understanding the effect of hydrodynamic pressure (HDP), shock-wave treatment on the structural and functional properties of the HDP-treated beef strip loins. A homogenization protocol that was sufficiently harsh to break-up the tissue yet sufficiently gentle to maintain the integrity of the remaining subcellular structures was therefore developed, for HDP-treated beef strip loins. Physicochemical changes resulting from HDP-treatment revealed a relationship between shear resistance value (tenderness level) and protein distribution. The 10,800xg pellet of homogenized HDP-treated strip loins showed a decrease in the protein content associated with a decrease in shear resistance values (increased tenderness). Conversely, the soluble-fraction (post 48,200xg) showed an increase in protein content as the shear resistance value decreased (tenderness increased) from similar to 11 to 6 kg. The data presented herein indicate that there is a relationship between the tenderness of hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) treated meat and the protein distribution in the HDP-treated samples. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, BARC,LSPI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, BARC,LSPI, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aspanier@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 56 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00042-5 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 346LX UT WOS:000088874000013 PM 22061909 ER PT J AU Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Gueux, E Ducros, V Mazur, A Abrams, S Rayssiguier, Y AF Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Gueux, E Ducros, V Mazur, A Abrams, S Rayssiguier, Y TI Compartmental analysis of magnesium kinetics in Mg-sufficient and Mg-deficient rats SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLISM; CALCIUM; INFANTS; MG-25 AB In this study, we determined magnesium kinetic values in normal rats using stable-isotope techniques. Additionally, we calculated the mass of the exchangeable pools of Mg in Mg-deficient rats to determine whether it can be used as a marker of Mg status. Rats were fed either a control diet (1,000 mg Mg/kg) or a Mg-deficient diet (60 mg Mg/kg). After 2 weeks on the experimental diets, each rat received an intravenous injection of Mg-26. The plasma Mg disappearance curve over the next 7 days was used to measure the mass and fractional transport rate of 3 rapidly exchanging Mg metabolic pools. In control rats, the mass of pool 1 (1.37 mg) was half that of pool 2 (2.46 mg), and pool 3 (47.7 mg) accounted for greater than 90% of exchangeable Mg. In Mg-deficient rats, we observed a significant decrease in the size of the 3 exchangeable pools of Mg (0.36, 0.72, and 20.2 mg, respectively) relative to the control rats. Furthermore, the fractional transport rate of Mg from pool 1 to pool 3 in Mg-deficient rats was 3 times the rate in the control rats, and the rate of irreversible loss from pool 1 was lower in Mg-deficient rats. In summary, this study allows us to establish Mg kinetic data in Mg-sufficient and Mg-deficient rats. The present experiment supports the conclusion that the isotopic test identifies animals with severe Mg deficiency. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 INRA, Unit Malad Metab & Micronutriments, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine Auvergne, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hop Michalon, Grenoble, France. RP Feillet-Coudray, C (reprint author), INRA, Unit Malad Metab & Micronutriments, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine Auvergne, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1326 EP 1329 DI 10.1053/meta.2000.8600 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 363WZ UT WOS:000089861800014 PM 11079823 ER PT J AU Shen, JC Klein, RD Wei, QY Guan, YL Contois, JH Wang, TTY Chang, S Hursting, SD AF Shen, JC Klein, RD Wei, QY Guan, YL Contois, JH Wang, TTY Chang, S Hursting, SD TI Low-dose genistein induces cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and G(1) cell-cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE isoflavone; LNCaP; p27(KIP1); p21(WAF1) ID IN-VITRO; PHYTOESTROGEN INTAKE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA-REPLICATION; JAPANESE MEN; BIOCHANIN-A; GROWTH; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS AB Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone found chiefly in soy products, reportedly has antiprostate cancer effects, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We studied the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of genistein in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Viable cell number was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; cell-cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry; apoptosis was also assessed by a histone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the expression of several cell-cycle- and apoptosis-related genes and their gene products was determined by northern blot analysis, western blot analysis, and/or assays based on polymerase chain reaction. Physiologic concentrations of genistein (less than or equal to 20 muM) decreased LNCaP viable cell number in a dose-dependent manner, induced a G(1) cell-cycle block, decreased prostate-specific antigen mRNA expression, and increased p27(KIP1) and p21(WAF1) (mRNA and protein) but had no effect on apoptosis or the mRNA expression of the apoptosis- and cell-cycle-related markers bcl-2, bax, Rb, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Higher concentrations of genistein (>20 muM) did induce apoptosis. We conclude that genistein (at physiologic concentrations) exerts potent antiproliferative effects on LNCaP cells by inducing a G(1) cell-cycle block. The antiproliferative effects of genistein may be mediated by increased levels of p27(KIP1) and p21(WAF1), which are negative cell-cycle regulators that act as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and that have been recently linked with prostate carcinogenesis. These findings may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the apparent antiprostate cancer effects of soy consumption observed in epidemiologic studies. Mol. Carcinog. 29:92-102, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Div Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hursting, SD (reprint author), NCI, Off Prevent Oncol, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPS T-41,MSC 7105, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA166720]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES07784] NR 56 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1002/1098-2744(200010)29:2<92::AID-MC6>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 371DG UT WOS:000165162300006 PM 11074606 ER PT J AU Schwarczinger, I Vajna, L Bruckart, WL AF Schwarczinger, I Vajna, L Bruckart, WL TI Sclerostagonospora salsolae, comb. nov. SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Sclerostagonospora salsolae; morphology; Salsola spp.; Hendersonia salsolae AB A new combination Sclerostagonospora salsolae is proposed for the pathogenic fungus, Hendersonia salsolae, that causes death of Salsola kali ssp. ruthenica seedlings in Hungary. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schwarczinger, I (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, POB 102, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2000 VL 76 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 387PV UT WOS:000166131700038 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Singleton, P Gold, AL AF Gaines, WL Singleton, P Gold, AL TI Conservation of rare carnivores in the North Cascades Ecosystem, western North America SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Canada; conservation; mammalian carnivores; North Cascades Ecosystem; rare species ID GRIZZLY BEARS; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SNOWSHOE HARES; HABITAT; WOLF; POPULATION; ROADS; LYNX AB The North Cascades Ecosystem of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) still supports a community of large mammalian carnivores, although some species may be seriously threatened with extirpation. This paper provides a summary of information on the numbers of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos Merriam), gray wolf (Canis lupus Hall and Kelson), Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis Kurten and Rausch), and wolverine (Gulo gulo Kurten and Rausch), and an overview of current conservation efforts in the North Cascades Ecosystem. Basic research on population status, distribution, habitat needs, and limiting factors is needed for many of these species, because limited field investigations have been conducted in the region. It may be appropriate to approach some research tasks, such as basic surveys and evaluation of habitat connectivity, using a multi-species approach. In addition, a multi-species approach may be appropriate to address conservation issues such as monitoring, human access, and prey species management. By raising the awareness of managers, scientists, and the public about these issues, we hope to recognize the opportunity to recover a full complement of native carnivores and a functioning ecosystem in the North Cascades Ecosystem. This is an opportunity that is becoming extremely limited on a global scale. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee Natl Forest, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 27 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 366 EP 375 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 363LG UT WOS:000089836700009 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Dolbeer, RA Tyson, LA AF Blackwell, BF Dolbeer, RA Tyson, LA TI Lethal control of piscivorous birds at aquaculture facilities in the northeast United States: Effects on populations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; CATFISH INDUSTRY; WADING BIRDS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; MISSISSIPPI AB Predation by piscivorous birds is considered a substantial threat to the aquaculture industry. However, lethal control of birds at aquaculture facilities has raised concerns about the effects on the distribution and abundance of populations of the species killed. We examined the relationship between numbers of piscivorous birds reported killed under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) permits at aquaculture facilities in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and species population trends within the respective states. The USFWS issued 26 permits to 9 facilities from 1985 through September 1997. Eight species appeared on permits, but only six species were reported killed: black-crowned night-herons Nycticorax nycticorax double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus, great blue herons Ardea herodias, herring gulls Larus argentatus, ring-billed gulls L. delawarensis, and mallards Anas platyrhynchos. Over 13 years, the authorized number of birds to be killed per species or group (e.g., gulls) ranged from 5 to 800 (mean = 240, SD = 300), whereas the reported number of birds killed per species or group (1985-1996) ranged from 0 to 289 (mean = 83, SD = 118). Across states and species, the number of birds authorized to be killed per permit ranged from 2 to 60 (mean = 27, SD = 20), whereas reported kills ranged from 0 to 45 (mean = 12, SD = 10). Herring gulls (N = 272) and great blue herons (N = 163) were the most frequently killed species. The number of birds reported killed, relative to systematic long-term population trends, is considered to have had negligible effects on the population status of the respective species. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0300:LCOPBA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 382GF UT WOS:000165814100009 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Lipoprotein lipase genetic variation and gender-specific ischemic cerebrovascular disease risk SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; MUTATIONS AB The lipoprotein lipase gene is highly polymorphic, and several common mutations have been associated with an increased atherogenic lipid profile. One of these, Asn291Ser, was also found to be associated with increased ischemic heart disease in women. More recently, this same mutation, present in approximately 5% of the population, was also associated with increased ischemic cerebrovascular disease risk. The magnitude of this increase is less than or equal to that attributed to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. A prudent diet and lifestyle should therefore attenuate the higher genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis observed in women carrying this mutation. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 58 IS 10 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 379RY UT WOS:000165657300003 PM 11127970 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AS AF Greenberg, AS TI Paracrine and endocrine roles for adipose tissue interleukin-6. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA I69 BP 11S EP 11S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100043 ER PT J AU Lien, P Souza, SC Muliro, KV Greenberg, AS AF Lien, P Souza, SC Muliro, KV Greenberg, AS TI Overexpression of perilipins decreases catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA O37 BP 23S EP 23S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100090 ER PT J AU Das, SK Saltzman, E Hsu, GLK McCrory, MA Roberts, SB AF Das, SK Saltzman, E Hsu, GLK McCrory, MA Roberts, SB TI Very high levels of energy expenditure in extremely obese individuals. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA O62 BP 29S EP 29S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100116 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Butte, NF Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW Bier, DM AF Treuth, MS Butte, NF Sunehag, AL Haymond, MW Bier, DM TI Effects of low and high fructose diets on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in adolescent children. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA O91 BP 36S EP 36S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100142 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Treuth, MS Sunehag, AL Trautwein, LM Bier, DM Haymond, MW AF Butte, NF Treuth, MS Sunehag, AL Trautwein, LM Bier, DM Haymond, MW TI Adaptation to low fat/high carbohydrate versus high fat/low carbohydrate diets in children. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA O174 BP 57S EP 57S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100227 ER PT J AU Ren, D Poulos, SP Lu, J Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Hausman, GJ AF Ren, D Poulos, SP Lu, J Hausman, DB Martin, RJ Hausman, GJ TI Comparison of expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in conditioned media of different depots of Sprague-Dawley rats SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA PA6 BP 64S EP 64S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100255 ER PT J AU Clevidence, B Seale, J Rumpler, W Judd, J Yamamoto, S Komatsu, T Sawaki, T Hosoda, K AF Clevidence, B Seale, J Rumpler, W Judd, J Yamamoto, S Komatsu, T Sawaki, T Hosoda, K TI Energy expenditure of US men consuming oolong tea. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tokushima, Dept Nutr, Tokushima, Japan. Suntory Ltd, Suntory Res Ctr, Osaka, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA PD20 BP 101S EP 101S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100401 ER PT J AU Bacon, L Kazaks, A Gale, B Derricote, M Morel, P Keim, NL Stern, JS Van Loan, MD AF Bacon, L Kazaks, A Gale, B Derricote, M Morel, P Keim, NL Stern, JS Van Loan, MD TI Observed osteopenia and osteoporosis in obese women. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA PF41 BP 126S EP 126S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100494 ER PT J AU Lang, RF Richard, RD Parker, PE Wendel, L AF Lang, RF Richard, RD Parker, PE Wendel, L TI Release and establishment of diffuse and spotted knapweed biocontrol agents by USDA, APHIS, PPQ, in the United States SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insecta; biocontrol; insect; Centaurea; knapweed; spotted; diffuse ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PTEROLONCHE-INSPERSA LEP; ZOEGANA L LEPIDOPTERA; CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; UROPHORA-QUADRIFASCIATA; HOST PLANT; MACULOSA; CURCULIONIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Spotted and diffuse knapweed are major weed pests of rangeland in the Western and Midwestern United States. Canada, United States university experiment stations, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), and local weed control groups began an effort to introduce biological control agents for spotted and diffuse knapweed in early 1970 (Table 2). APHIS perceived the need to respond and organize a regional effort to an enormous weed problem. They set up rearing procedures, protocols, established a structure for distribution, and established a protocol for monitoring the establishment and effect of the introduced biological control agents. In 1987, the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection Quarantine (USDA, APHIS, PPQ) in cooperation and consultation with other interested biological weed control groups began a biocontrol program against spotted and diffuse knapweed with the release of three biocontrol agents. By 1998, 13 knapweed biocontrol agents had been released in 17 states and 112 counties. At least one agent has established in each state where introductions were made. Eleven of the 13 agents released by APHIS have become established. Nine of the 13 biocontrol agents are now collectable in some states. Agapeta zoegana is collectable in eight states, Cyphocleonus achates in six states, Larinus minutus in ten states, Metzneria paucipunctella in three states, Sphenoptera jugoslavica in eight states, Terellia virens in one state, Urophora affinis in eight states, Urophora quadrifasciata in ten states and Larinus obtusus is ready to be collected in one state. C1 Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lang, RF (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 170278, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 16 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 4 BP 197 EP 218 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 378LZ UT WOS:000165587000001 ER PT J AU Getty, GM Haverty, MI Lewis, VR AF Getty, GM Haverty, MI Lewis, VR TI Agonistic behavior between recently collected and laboratory cultured Reticulitermes Spp. (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) from northern California SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insecta; Reticulitermes; aggression; baiting; fighting; monitoring; subterranean termites ID HYDROCARBON PHENOTYPES; INTERSPECIFIC AGONISM; TERMITES; COLONIES AB Mixing workers from different foraging groups of the same colony of Reticulitermes spp, from northern California never resulted in agonistic behavior and seldom (8%) resulted in mortality after 24 h. When colonymates are reunited, behaviors such as head and body tapping and antennation of one another are observed. Intermingling workers from different colonies of the same cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype normally does not result in immediate aggression, but mortality is usually high (83%) after 24 h. Attempts to mix workers from colonies with different cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes result in immediate aggressive behavior 88% of the time and high mortality (greater than or equal to 50%) 100% of the time after 24 h. Mixing workers from cultures of Reticulitermes spp. maintained in the laboratory for > 18 months with workers recently collected from the same colony in the field resulted in neither obvious agonistic behavior nor significant mortality (< 5%) after 24 h. Commingling workers from laboratory cultures with workers recently collected from different field colonies of the same cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype usually resulted in high mortality (42 of 54 bioassays with > 50% mortality). Interactions between workers from laboratory cultures with workers recently collected from field colonies of a different cuticular hydrocarbon phenotype always resulted in high mortality. These results suggest that termites separated from their colony and maintained in the laboratory for > 18 months continue to recognize colonymates from the field, and vice versa. Maintenance of laboratory cultures of Reticulitermes colonies can be a valuable tool to test the efficacy of baits by determining if a colony has been successfully eliminated, has avoided the baits and subsequently returned to the monitors, or has been replaced by a completely different colony. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Getty, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 4 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 378LZ UT WOS:000165587000004 ER PT J AU Frenkel, JK Dubey, JP AF Frenkel, JK Dubey, JP TI The taxonomic importance of obligate heteroxeny: distinction of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii - another opinion SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SARCOCYSTIS-MURIS; CELL-CULTURES; CYSTS; SPOROZOITES; VACCINATION; OOCYSTS; GOATS; CATS AB We enumerate identical and divergent findings concerning the obligate heteroxenous Hammondia hammondi and the facultatively homoxenous or heteroxenous Toxoplasma gandii. Differences exist in life-cycles, transmission, and host range, especially transmissibility to birds and mammals other than rodents, in ultrastructural morphology, immunity and serology in cats and to lesser degree in rodents, in DNA sequences and in isoenzymes. Because the recognition of obligate heteroxeny is essential to study these organisms and to recognize them as taxa, it is advantageous to give heteroxeny a generic rather than a specific value. Characterization of organisms with the life-cycle patterns of Hammondia, Sarcocystis, Frenkelia, and Toxoplasma is best achieved by means of the genera presently used. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 27501 USA. RP Frenkel, JK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 1252 Vallecita Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-7489] NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 10 BP 783 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s004360000261 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364WH UT WOS:000089916700001 PM 11068808 ER PT J AU Houle, VM Park, YK Laswell, SC Freund, GG Dudley, MA Donovan, SM AF Houle, VM Park, YK Laswell, SC Freund, GG Dudley, MA Donovan, SM TI Investigation of three doses of oral insulin-like growth factor-I on jejunal lactase phlorizin hydrolase activity and gene expression and enterocyte proliferation and migration in piglets SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; IGF-I; BINDING-PROTEINS; NEWBORN PIGS; DIFFERENTIATION; MILK; STABILITY; RECEPTORS; SYSTEM; ENZYME AB In a previous study, oral IGF-I at 65 nM increased lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity and villus height in piglets, however, the mechanisms were unknown. Herein, the response to a range of doses of IGF-I was investigated and we hypothesized that LPH and villus height would respond to oral ICF-I in a dose-dependent manner. Two 14-d experiments were conducted using cesarean-derived piglets, In experiment 1, piglets (n = 28) were fed formula containing 0, 33, 65, or 131 nmol/L (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/L) recombinant human IGF-I. In experiment 2, 5'-bromodeoxyuridine was administered to piglets fed formula alone (n = 4) or containing 131 nmol/L IGF-I (II = 4), IGF-I did not affect body weight gain or intestinal weight or length. Jejunal villus height and LPH activity were significantly greater in piglets fed 131 nmol IGF-I/L than control piglets. Villus height and lactase activity in piglets fed the 33 and 65 nmol/L IGF-I doses were similar and intermediate between control and 131 nmol IGF-I/L. Jejunal mRNA expression and LPH polypeptide abundance were investigated in piglets receiving 0 or 131 nmol/L IGF-I, Steady state LPH mRNA abundance was significantly higher (I, < 0.05) in IGF-I-treat ed piglets. The relative abundance of proLPH(h) was not significantly increased (p = 0.06) by IGF-I treatment. Mucosal DNA content and DNA synthesis were greater in piglets receiving 131 nmol IGF-VL than control, however, enterocyte migration and mucosal protein content were unaffected. Thus, oral IGF-I increased jejunal LPH activity and LPH mRNA abundance and stimulated intestinal cell hyperplasia in normal piglets. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carle Clin Lab, Dept Pathol, Urbana, IL USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Donovan, SM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 386 Bevier Hall,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Donovan, Sharon/0000-0002-9785-4189 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29264] NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 4 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1203/00006450-200010000-00013 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357ZK UT WOS:000089532600013 PM 11004241 ER PT J AU Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG AF Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG TI Nonnutritive factors in colostrum enhance myofibrillar protein synthesis in the newborn pig SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HELIX-LOOP-HELIX; 1ST 24 H; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GASTROCNEMIUS-MUSCLE; GROWTH; TURNOVER; MILK; EXPRESSION; INSULIN AB Colostrum is a complex source of nutrients, immune factors, and bioactive substances consumed by newborn mammals. In previous work, we observed that protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of newborn piglets is enhanced when they are fed colostrum rather. than a nutrient-matched formula devoid of growth factors. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this response, we contrasted the fractional rates of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein synthesis of newborn piglets that received only water with those fed for 24 h with colostrum, a nutrient-matched formula, or mature sow's milk. Compared with water, feeding resulted in a 2.5- to 3-fold increase in total skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and this increase was 28% greater in the colostrum-fed than either the formula- or mature milk-fed piglets. Feeding also stimulated muscle ribosome and total polyadenylated RNA accretion. Ribosomal translational efficiency, however, was similar across all fed groups. The greater stimulation of protein synthesis in colostrum-fed pigs was restricted entirely to the myofibrillar protein compartment and was associated with higher ribosome and myosin heavy chain mRNA abundance. Taken together, these data suggest that nonnutritive factors in colostrum enhance ribosomal accretion and muscle-specific gene transcription that, in turn, stimulate specifically the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins in the skeletal musculature of the newborn. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fiorotto, ML (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01 AR046308] NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1203/00006450-200010000-00015 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 357ZK UT WOS:000089532600015 PM 11004243 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Butte, NF Puyau, M Adolph, A AF Treuth, MS Butte, NF Puyau, M Adolph, A TI Relations of parental obesity status to physical activity and fitness of prepubertal girls SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE obesity; children; energy metabolism; exercise; heart rate monitoring ID MAXIMAL AEROBIC CAPACITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-FAT; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; AMERICAN; WEIGHT; TWINS AB Objective. To determine whether physical activity and fitness differ among normal-weight-for-height, multiethnic, prepubertal girls whose parents are lean, obese, or both. Setting. Conducted in Houston, Texas. Study Participants. Normal-weight white, black, and Hispanic prepubertal girls (mean age 6 standard deviation: 8.5 +/- .4 years) participated in this study. Girls were recruited according to parental leanness or obesity defined as follows: girls with 2 lean parents (LN group; n = 30); girls with 2 obese parents (OB group; n = 27); and girls with 1 lean and 1 obese parent (LNOB group; n = 44). Intervention. Each child wore a heart rate monitor for two 24-hour periods, underwent a treadmill exercise test, answered an activity questionnaire, and completed energy expenditure measurements by basal calorimetry and doubly labeled water. Outcome Measures. The amount of time spent above 125% and 150% of basal heart rate (BHR) was calculated during each 24-hour period (n = 84). Fitness (n = 97), habitual physical activity (n = 101), and physical activity level (PAL = total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate; n = 101) were also measured. Results. The times spent above 125% and 150% of BHR were similar among LN, LNOB, and OB groups. Black girls spent less time than did white girls on the weekend above 125% BHR and above 150% BHR. No significant familial or ethnic differences in peak oxygen consumption or habitual physical activity were observed. PALs were as follows: LN = 1.6 +/- .21; LNOB = 1.64 +/- .27; OB = 1.58 +/- .20; white = 1.63 +/-.23; black = 1.58 +/-.24; and Hispanic = 1.65 +/- .25. PAL was related to time spent above 125% BHR and 150% BHR (r =.31,. 39). Conclusions. Physical activity and fitness of normal-weight prepubertal girls predisposed to obesity did not differ from girls without a family history of obesity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R29 HD34029] NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2000 VL 106 IS 4 BP art. no. EP e49 DI 10.1542/peds.106.4.e49 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 359QG UT WOS:000089623100006 PM 11015544 ER PT J AU Shinde, D Hornsby, AG Mansell, RS Savabi, MR AF Shinde, D Hornsby, AG Mansell, RS Savabi, MR TI A simulation model for fate and transport of methyl bromide during fumigation in plastic-mulched vegetable soil beds SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; plastic mulch; fumigation; volatilization; hydrolysis; multiphase transport; numerical model ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COVERED FIELD; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS; WATER; CH3BR AB A coupled water-heat and chemical transport model was used to describe the fate and transport of methyl bromide fumigant in low-density polyethylene plastic-mulched soil beds used for vegetable production. Methyl bromide transport was described by convective-dispersive processes including transformations through hydrolysis. Effects of non-isothermal conditions on chemical transport were considered through inclusion of temperature effects on transport parameters. An energy-balance approach was used to describe the plastic-mulched boundary condition that controls the thermal regime within the soil bed, Simulations were made for variable water-saturation regimes within the bed and for different depths of fumigant injection. Simulations for various scenarios revealed that large amounts (20-44% over a 7-day period) of applied methyl bromide are lost from the un-mulched furrows between the beds. Plastic mulching of the bed was found to be only partially effective (11-29% emission losses over a 7-day period) in reducing atmospheric emissions. Deep injection of fumigant and saturating the soil with water both led to increased retention of methyl bromide within the soil and less emission to the atmosphere. However, deep injection was unfavorable for effective sterilization of the crop root zone. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Everglades Agrohydrol Res Unit, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Shinde, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 56 IS 10 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.1002/1526-4998(200010)56:10<899::AID-PS225>3.0.CO;2-M PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 360RB UT WOS:000089680100010 ER PT J AU Berglof, T Koskinen, WC Kylin, H Moorman, TB AF Berglof, T Koskinen, WC Kylin, H Moorman, TB TI Characterization of triadimefon sorption in soils using supercritical fluid (SFE) and accelerated solvent (ASE) extraction techniques SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sorption; desorption; soil; triadimefon; SFE; ASE ID FIELD-MOIST SOILS; ATRAZINE SORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DESORPTION AB Sorption-desorption of the fungicide triadimefon in field-moist silt loam and sandy loam soils were determined using low-density supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The selectivity of SFE enables extraction of triadimefon from the soil water phase only, thus allowing calculation of sorption coefficients (K-d) at field-moist or unsaturated conditions. Triadimefon sorption was influenced by factors such as soil moisture content and temperature; sorption increased with increased moisture content up to saturation, and decreased with increased temperature. For instance, Kd values for triadimefon on the silt loam and the sandy loam soils at 40 degrees C and 10% water content were 1.9 and 2.5 ml g(-1), respectively, and at 18% water content, 3.3 and 6.4 ml g(-1), respectively. Isosteric heats of sorption (Delta H-i) were -42 and -7kJ mol(-1) for the silt loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Sorption-desorption was also determined using an automated accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE), in which triadimefon was extracted from silt loam soil by 0.01M CaCl2. Using the ASE system, which is basically a fast alternative to the batch equilibration system, gave a similar Delta H-i value (-29kJ mol(-1)) for the silt loam soil (K-f = 27 mu g(1-1/n)ml(1/n)g(-1)). In order to predict transport of pesticides through the soil profile more accurately on the basis of these data, information is needed on sorption as a function of soil water content. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical industry. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Environm Assessment, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Koskinen, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Rm 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Kylin, Henrik/F-9819-2011 OI Kylin, Henrik/0000-0002-5972-1852 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 56 IS 10 BP 927 EP 931 DI 10.1002/1526-4998(200010)56:10<927::AID-PS230>3.0.CO;2-L PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 360RB UT WOS:000089680100014 ER PT J AU Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP AF Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP TI A nonlinear dynamic simulation model for xenobiotic transport and whole plant allocation following foliar application - I. Conceptual foundation for model development SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SIEVE ELEMENT; PHLOEM MOBILITY; MOLAR VOLUMES; CUTICLES; TRANSLOCATION; PERMEABILITY; TEMPERATURE; GLYPHOSATE; ADJUVANTS AB A dynamic, nonlinear simulation model(ERMESSE) was developed for whole plant transport and allocation of foliar-applied xenobiotics. This model integrates xenobiotic physicochemical parameters (octanol/water partition coefficient, molar volume, and acid dissociation constant) with plant anatomical, physiological, and biochemical characteristics (e.g., xylem/phloem connections; membrane permeability; apoplast, symplast, and vascular sap pH). The processes governing foliar-applied xenobiotic transport and allocation are discussed and mathematical relationships are developed to describe these processes. Xenobiotic movement from the leaf surface involves transfer through the cuticle, movement into the leaf mesophyll symplast, phloem loading, long-distance transport in the phloem, phloem unloading to sink regions, and potential xylem/phloem exchange. Because of the xylem/phloem exchange both basipetal and acropetal movement can occur Moreover, xenobiotic metabolism and water translocation through the sail-plant-atmosphere continuum are also considered. The model assumes that metabolism leads to inactivation. The mathematical relationships developed in this paper form the physiological basis to develop the computer simulation model for prediction of xenobiotic allocation patterns in plants. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Satchivi, NM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 2 BP 67 EP 84 DI 10.1006/pest.2000.2501 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 366VH UT WOS:000090026600002 ER PT J AU Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP AF Satchivi, NM Stoller, EW Wax, LM Briskin, DP TI A nonlinear dynamic simulation model for xenobiotic transport and whole plant allocation following foliar application - II. Model validation SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer simulation model; whole plant allocation; foliar-applied xenobiotics; xenobiotic metabolism; herbicide ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PHLOEM MOBILITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-MECHANISMS; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; CUTICLES; PERMEABILITY; ACCUMULATION; IMAZETHAPYR AB A validation study was performed for a nonlinear computer simulation model describing xenobiotic absorption, whole plant allocation, and metabolism. Validation involved comparisons of predicted xenobiotic behavior with actual data (from independent studies in the literature) for the herbicides bentazon, chlorimuronethyl, prosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, clopyralid, picloram, fluroxypyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, acifluorfen, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dicamba, haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, and pyridate. Simulations were performed with parameters describing the plant, the herbicide physicochemical properties, and the environmental conditions used in the experimental studies. The conformity between simulated and actual absorption, whole plant distribution, and metabolism data were evaluated by the ratio of simulated values to actual values in 25 species treated with 18 herbicides from several chemical families such as benzothiadiazole, pyridinecarboxylic acid, imidazolinone, diphenyl ether, phenoxyalkanoic acid, benzoic acid, aryloxyphenoxypropionate, cyclohexanedione, and phenylpyridazine. In general, most predicted values for herbicide absorption, whole plant allocation, and metabolism were close to actual values for this group of herbicides. Comparisons between model prediction and actual herbicide absorption showed that in 79% of comparisons the ratios of predicted/observed were between 0.8 and 1.2. For whole plant allocation, 61% of the comparisons showed a ratio of 1 +/- 0.3. These results demonstrate the utility of this new computer simulation model in predicting xenobiotic behavior in plants and the potential use of such models in rational design of herbicide molecules for optimal plant uptake and whole plant allocation. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Satchivi, NM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1006/pest.2000.2494 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 366VH UT WOS:000090026600003 ER PT J AU Franklin, J Woodcock, CE Warbington, R AF Franklin, J Woodcock, CE Warbington, R TI Multi-attribute vegetation maps of forest service lands in California supporting resource management decisions SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-of-American-Geographers CY MAR 23-27, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Assoc Amer Geographers ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE MODEL; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; THEMATIC MAPPER; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; AVHRR DATA; CLASSIFICATION; COVER; IMAGERY; SEGMENTATION AB Vegetation databases (digital maps) for USDA Forest Service lands in California (approximately 10 million ha) have been developed over the last decade using remote sensing and cls methods. The databases are intended to support national and regional land-cover inventory and monitoring, interagency conservation and fire risk assessment, and wildlife habitat evaluation, as well as more traditional uses including land management planning and forest inventory within each National Forest. The digital maps are fine-scale relative to their extent, being derived from 30-m-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data and digital elevation models (DEMs). Map attributes included a vegetation life form class, a vegetation type, and canopy cover and size class estimates for forested polygons. Land-cover and vegetation type labels were more accurate than forest structure estimates. However, the mapping methodology is not static. New remote sensing data and analysis methods offer some promise to improve map attribute estimation. The database is being provided by the Forest Service to agency personnel, cooperators, and the public. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Serv Remote Sensing Lab, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. RP Franklin, J (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 55 TC 55 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1209 EP 1217 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 358FC UT WOS:000089546300008 ER PT J AU Burkey, KO Wei, CM Eason, G Ghosh, P Fenner, GP AF Burkey, KO Wei, CM Eason, G Ghosh, P Fenner, GP TI Antioxidant metabolite levels in ozone-sensitive and tolerant genotypes of snap bean SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; GLUTATHIONE; SPRUCE AB Ozone-sensitive and tolerant genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarius L.) were compared for differences in leaf ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) content to determine whether antioxidant levels were related to ozone tolerance. Seven genotypes were grown in pots under field conditions during the months of June and July. Open top chambers were used to establish either a charcoal filtered (CP) air control (36 nmol mol(-1) ozone) or a treatment where CF air was supplemented with ozone from 8:00 to 20:00 h with a daily 12 h mean of 77 nmol mol(-1). Fully expanded leaves were analyzed for ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and alpha-tocopherol. Leaf ascorbic acid was the only variable identified as at potential factor in ozone tolerance. Tolerant genotypes contained more ascorbic acid than sensitive lines, but the differences were not always statistically significant. Genetic differences in glutathione and alpha-tocopherol were also observed, but no relationship with ozone tolerance was found. Guaiacol peroxidase activity and leaf alpha-tocopherol content increased in all genotypes following a one week ozone exposure, indicative of a general ozone stress response. Ozone had little effect on the other variables tested. Overall, ozone sensitive and tolerant plants were not clearly distinguished by differences in leaf antioxidant content. The evidence suggests that screening for ozone tolerance based on antioxidant content is not a reliable approach. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7631, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110208.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 363HC UT WOS:000089828700008 ER PT J AU Vadez, V Sinclair, TR Serraj, R AF Vadez, V Sinclair, TR Serraj, R TI Asparagine and ureide accumulation in nodules and shoots as feedback inhibitors of N-2 fixation in soybean SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; LEGUME NODULES; WHITE CLOVER; DROUGHT; ALLANTOATE; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION; NITRATE; LEAVES AB Inhibition of N-2 fixation under water deficits has been hypothesized to result from N feedback within the plant involving ureides and/or asparagine (Asn). This study was undertaken to investigate ureide and Asn accumulation in shoots and nodules in response to treatments inhibiting nodule activity (acetylene reduction assay, ARA) such as Asn, ureide, or polyethylene glycol application to the nutrient solution of plants, boric acid on leaves, and imposition of a water deficit, ARA inhibition and nodule concentration of Asn and ureide were correlated to the ureide treatment applied (3-15 mM applied in the nutrient solution). Supplying Asn (3-9 mM applied in the nutrient solution) also induced an increase in nodule Asn and ureide concentration, which was associated with ARA inhibition. Spraying boric acid on leaves also inhibited ARA in parallel to an increase in shoot ureide and module Asn concentration while nodule ureide remained unchanged, By contrast, polyethylene glycol (PEG) inhibited ARA in parallel to an increase in nodule Asn and ureide concentration while shoot ureide was unchanged. The decline in ARA in response to water deficit was associated with an increase in nodule ureide, Asn and aspartate (Asp), although the increases in Asn and Asp were less than for ureides, Altogether, the results of these experiments indicated that Asn cannot be the only compound involved in the feedback inhibition of ARA, Instead ureide and Asn are probably both involved, either directly by accumulation of products that fail to be exported, or by feedback from the shoot due to an N-compound supply that exceeds shoot requirements. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Vadez, Vincent/C-5310-2014 OI Vadez, Vincent/0000-0003-2014-0281 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110211.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 363HC UT WOS:000089828700011 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Deahl, KL AF Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Deahl, KL TI Oxygen metabolism in plant/bacteria interactions: characterization of the oxygen uptake response of plant suspension cells SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reactive oxygen species; hydrogen peroxide; luminol; respiratory burst ID HYPERSENSITIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE BURST; ACTIVE OXYGEN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; OXIDASE GP91(PHOX); ROSE CELLS; ELICITOR; TOBACCO; GENERATION; PROTEIN AB In recent years the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been studied in plant cell suspension systems treated with bacterial pathogens. However, the associated utilization of molecular oxygen has not been well characterized. Using a multi-electrode oxygen analyser, the rates of oxygen consumption by tobacco cells during bacterial interactions were monitored. Heat-killed (HK) bacteria, which initiate an immediate ROS response in plant cells, were used as an elicitor to avoid complications of oxygen consumption by viable bacteria. An increase in oxygen uptake by the tobacco cells occurred within 4 min after addition of HK-bacteria and lasted for about 10 min, returning to a steady state at approximately twice the initial basal rate. The initial burst in oxygen uptake coincided with production of H2O2. Calculation of the total oxygen consumption by the plant cells indicated that less than 5 % of the increased oxygen uptake was utilized in ROS production. Use of respiratory inhibitors indicated that respiration, especially the cytochrome pathway, played a significant role in this response. Results from the use of K-252, a protein kinase inhibitor, and DPI, an inhibitor of membrane bound NADPH oxidases, indicated that triggering of the oxygen uptake response may involve protein phosphorylation and is at least partially activated by the membrane bound NADPH oxidase activity. The involvement of mitochondrial respiration in the oxygen uptake response described here indicates that early events in plant recognition of pathogens involves more of the cellular machinery than previously hypothesized. C1 USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbiol & Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 57 IS 4 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1006/pmpp.2000.0293 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 379UN UT WOS:000165661100004 ER PT J AU Coelho, L Mitchell, DJ Chellemi, DO AF Coelho, L Mitchell, DJ Chellemi, DO TI Thermal inactivation of Phytophthora nicotianae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea; intermittent heat; nonchemical control; organic amendment ID F-SP CONGLUTINANS; SOIL SOLARIZATION; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; CABBAGE RESIDUES; PATHOGENS; SURVIVAL; FLORIDA AB Phytophthora nicotianae was added to pasteurized soil at the rate of 500 laboratory-produced chlamydospores per gram of soil and exposed to temperatures ranging from 35 to 53 degrees C for 20 days. The time required to reduce soil populations to residual levels (0.2 propagule per gram of soil or less) decreased with increasing temperatures. Addition of cabbage residue to the soil reduced the time required to inactivate chlamydospores. Temperature regimes were established to simulate daily temperature changes observed in the field, with a high temperature of 47 degrees C for 3 h/day, and were good estimators of the efficacy of soil solarization for the control of P. nicotianae in soil. Cabbage amendment reduced the time required to inactivate chlamydospores of P. nicotianae and its effect was more pronounced at lower temperature regimes. C1 UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, BR-14870000 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Coelho, L (reprint author), UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, BR-14870000 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1089 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357QQ UT WOS:000089512700005 PM 18944471 ER PT J AU Judelson, HS Tooley, PW AF Judelson, HS Tooley, PW TI Enhanced polymerase chain reaction methods for detecting and quantifying Phytophthora infestans in plants SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATE BLIGHT; PCR AMPLIFICATION; POSITIVE CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; POTATO; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; TOMATO; RESISTANCE AB Sensitive and specific primer sets for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Phytophthora infestans, the oomycete that causes late blight of potato and tomato, were developed based on families of highly repeated DNA. The performance of these primers was compared to those developed previously for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. The detection limit using the new primers is 10 fg of P. infestans DNA, or 0.02 nuclei. This is about 100 times more sensitive than ITS-directed primers. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows the measurement of down to 0.1 fg of DNA using the new primers. To enhance the reliability of diagnostic assays, an internal positive control was developed using an amplification mimic. The mimic also served as a competitor for quantitative PCR, which was used to assess the growth of P. infestans in resistant and susceptible tomato. A key dimension of this study was that two laboratories independently checked the specificity and sensitivity of each primer set; differences were noted that should be considered when PCR is adopted for diagnostic applications in any system. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Judelson, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1112 EP 1119 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1112 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357QQ UT WOS:000089512700008 PM 18944474 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW O'Neill, NR Goley, ED Carras, MM AF Tooley, PW O'Neill, NR Goley, ED Carras, MM TI Assessment of diversity in Claviceps africana and other Claviceps species by RAM and AFLP analyses SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED MICROSATELLITES RAMS; GENETIC-VARIATION; ERGOT PATHOGEN; SORGHUM; DISEASE; FUNGI; AMERICA; MARKERS AB Genetic diversity among isolates of Claviceps africana, the sorghum ergot pathogen, and isolates of other Claviceps spp. causing ergot on sorghum or other hosts, was analyzed by random amplified microsatellite (RAM) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. Of the RAM primer sets tested, one revealed polymorphism in C. africana isolates, with Australian and Indian isolates possessing a unique fragment. AFLP analysis, in addition to clearly distinguishing Claviceps spp., revealed polymorphisms in C. africana. A group of isolates from the United States, Puerto Rico, and South Africa exhibited 95 to 100% similarity with one another. Several isolates from Isabela, Puerto Rico were 100% similar to an isolate from Texas, and another isolate from Puerto Rico was identical with one from Nebraska. Australian and Indian isolates showed greater than 90% similarity with isolates from the United States., Puerto Rico, and South Africa. A number of polymorphisms existed in the United States group, indicating that the recently introduced population contains multiple genotypes. Isolates of C. sorghicola, a newly described sorghum pathogen from Japan, were very distinct from other species via RAM and AFLP analyses, as were isolates from outgroups C. purpurea and C.fusiformis. Both RAM and AFLP analysis will be useful in determining future patterns of intercontinental migration of the sorghum ergot pathogen, with the AFLP method showing greater ability to characterize levels of intraspecific variation. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Goley, Erin/0000-0002-8518-2303 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1126 EP 1130 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1126 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357QQ UT WOS:000089512700010 PM 18944476 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Kraft, JM Larsen, RC Gritsenko, MA Boge, WL AF Vandemark, GJ Kraft, JM Larsen, RC Gritsenko, MA Boge, WL TI A PCR-based assay by sequence-characterized DNA markers for the identification and detection of Aphanomyces euteiches SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphanomyces root rot; sequence-characterized amplified region ID AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA; ROOT-ROT; RESISTANT; STRAINS; SOIL; PEA; HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOGENICITY; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were identified and amplified from isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches and A. cochlioides. The products were cloned and sequenced, and the data were used to design pairs of extended PCR primers to amplify sequence-characterized DNA markers. The primer pair OPC7-FS-30 and OPC7-RS-25 amplified a single 1,332-bp product from all isolates of A. euteiches that were not amplified from any other isolates tested. A single 718-bp product was selectively amplified only from isolates of A. cochlioides with the primer pair OPE 10-FS-25 and OPB10-RS-25. A. euteiches was detected in roots of several varieties of field-grown peas collected from a root rot trial site. PCR also detected A. euteiches in the organic fraction of field soil samples. Both pairs of extended primers were used in a multiplex reaction to unambiguously discriminate between A. euteiches and A. cochlioides. Both pairs of primers were used in two-step PCR reactions in which annealing and extension was done in a single step at 72 degrees C. This reduced the time required for amplification of the diagnostic PCR product and its resolution by electrophoresis to less than 3 h. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1137 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357QQ UT WOS:000089512700012 PM 18944478 ER PT J AU Wilson, JP Hess, DE Hanna, WW AF Wilson, JP Hess, DE Hanna, WW TI Resistance to Striga hermonthica in wild accessions of the primary gene pool of Pennisetum glaucum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEARL-MILLET; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES AB Resistance to Striga hermonthica in 274 wild Pennisetum glaucum subsp. monodii and stenostachyum accessions was evaluated at Samanko, Mali in 1997 and 1998, and at Cinzana, Mall and Sadore, Niger in 1998. Data recorded included number of striga plants per plot at least three times during the season, date of striga emergence, number of Pennisetum plants, Pennisetum anthesis date, and downy mildew incidence (caused by Sclerospora graminicola). Across trials, the average maximum number of striga per host plant ranged from 0.9 to 8.3. Average days to striga emergence ranged from 54 to 68 days across trials, and was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with maximum striga within trials. Days to Pennisetum flowering ranged from 54 to 74 days across trials. Host flowering was correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) positively with maximum striga at Samanko in 1997 and 1998, but negatively at Cinzana. Downy mildew incidence ranged from 10 to 32% across trials, and was negatively correlated with maximum striga in three trials. Days to striga emergence and Pennisetum flowering were significant covariates affecting maximum striga values, but downy mildew incidence was not. Least squares means of maximum striga across trials averaged 5.7, and ranged from -0.2 to 19.1 striga per host plant. Broad-sense heritability of observed maximum striga was estimated to be 0.55. Agar-gel assays conducted in the laboratory were ineffective in identifying differences in stimulating striga seed germination among se selected accessions. Variables not directly related to genetic resistance can affect maximum striga emergence in the field, and their identification may allow more effective resistance screening. C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Bamako, Mali. RP Wilson, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM jwilson@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.10.1169 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357QQ UT WOS:000089512700016 PM 18944482 ER PT J AU Abbo, S Grusak, MA Tzuk, T Reifen, R AF Abbo, S Grusak, MA Tzuk, T Reifen, R TI Genetic control of seed weight and calcium concentration in chickpea seed SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum; calcium concentration; seed weight ID ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; PHLOEM AB Chickpea. Cicer arietinum L., is a staple protein source in many Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Hence, the mineral content of its seed, especially that of calcium, is of nutritional importance. Calcium is transported through plants and to legume pods almost exclusively via the xylem stream, with Ca accretion in developing seeds resulting primarily from diffusion of Ca from the adjoining pod wall. Thus, for seeds of differing surface-to-mass ratios, Ca concentration is expected to correlate inversely with seed weight. The relationship between seed weight and Ca concentration in chickpea seeds was studied using a range of germplasm and derivatives from crosses between types differing in seed Ca concentration. Among the cultivars tested, low seed mass was associated with high Ca concentration. However, the study of hybrid progeny indicated that seed Ca content was mainly determined by genetic factors other than grain weight genes. This finding may assist in future breeding of high nutritional quality chickpea cultivars. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Field Crops Vegetables & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Nutr Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Abbo, S (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Field Crops Vegetables & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 119 IS 5 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00527.x PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 368LP UT WOS:000090118700009 ER PT J AU Staniulis, JB Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Kalvelyte, A Dally, EL AF Staniulis, JB Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Kalvelyte, A Dally, EL TI Single and mixed phytoplasma infections in phyllody- and dwarf-diseased clover plants in Lithuania SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE rRNA; Trifolium hybridum; T. pratense; T. repens ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PRIMERS; RFLP; DNA AB Naturally diseased plants of clover (Trifolium spp.) exhibiting symptoms of clover phyllody (virescence and phyllody of flowers) or of clover dwarf (abnormally small leaves, shortened internodes, proliferation of shoots, and dwarf growth habit) were observed in fields in Lithuania. Phytoplasma group-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that the plants were infected by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas. Clover phyllody-diseased plants were infected by a subgroup 16SrI-C (subgroup I-C) phytoplasma (CPh-L) related to clover phyllody (CPh-C) phytoplasma in Canada. Clover dwarf-diseased plants were infected by both CPh-L and a phytoplasma (CYE-L) related to clover yellow edge (CYE-C) phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrIII-B = III-B) in Canada. A 1.8-kbp fragment of rRNA operon from CYE-L was amplified, cloned, and sequenced, and putative restriction sites mapped. This sequence shared high similarity (99.7%) with that of CYE-C and exhibited no differences from CYE-C in RFLP patterns of 16S rDNA; therefore, we tentatively classified CYE-L in subgroup 16SrIII-B (type strain, CYE = CYE-C phytoplasma) of the X-disease phytoplasma group. These findings extend the known geographical ranges of subgroup I-C and subgroup III-B taxa to the region of northern Europe including Lithuania and suggest a role of the subgroup III-B phytoplasma in clover dwarf disease. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania. Inst Biochem, Lab Gene Regulat, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.10.1061 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 358NT UT WOS:000089564700002 ER PT J AU Louie, R Redinbaugh, MG Gordon, DT Abt, JJ Anderson, RJ AF Louie, R Redinbaugh, MG Gordon, DT Abt, JJ Anderson, RJ TI Maize necrotic streak virus, a new maize virus with similarity to species of the family Tombusviridae SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE corn; virus disease ID DWARF MOSAIC-VIRUS; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; RNA; DISEASES; GENE; OHIO AB A new virus was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves showing mild mosaic symptoms and coinfected with Maize dwarf mosaic vints. The virus was readily transmitted by vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) but not leaf-rub inoculation. Virus symptoms on susceptible maize included pale green, yellow, or cream-colored spots and streaks measuring 1 to 2 mm on emerging leaves 5 to 7 days post-VPI. As leaves developed, the specs and streaks became spindle-shaped, then coalesced into long, chlorotic bands. These bands became translucent and necrotic around the edges. There was a distinctive chlorosis on the stalks that became necrotic. Based on these distinctive symptoms, the new virus was named Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV). The virus was not transmitted by Aphis maidis-radicus, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Dalbulus maidis. Graminella nigrifrons, Perigrinus maidis, or Diabrotica virgifera vigifera under persistent or nonpersistent conditions. Both susceptible and resistant maize genotypes were identified following VPI with MNeSV. The isolated virus had isometric (32 nm) virions and a single 29.5-kDa coat protein. MNeSV was serologically distinct from morphologically similar maize viruses. The 4.3-kb single-stranded RNA genome had 25 to 53% sequence identity with species in the family Tombusviridae. C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.10.1133 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 358NT UT WOS:000089564700016 ER PT J AU Rao, MV Koch, JR Davis, KR AF Rao, MV Koch, JR Davis, KR TI Ozone: a tool for probing programmed cell death in plants SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-talk; ethylene; jasmonic acid; ozone; programmed cell death; salicylic acid ID INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; DEFENSE-GENE ACTIVATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; INDUCED RESPONSES; NITRIC-OXIDE; ETHYLENE C1 Paradigm Genet Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Plant Biotechnol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Davis, KR (reprint author), Paradigm Genet Inc, Bldg 2,POB 14528,104 Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Davis, Keith/0000-0002-7432-8610 NR 100 TC 116 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 44 IS 3 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1023/A:1026548726807 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 379GG UT WOS:000165633200009 PM 11199393 ER PT J AU Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Himmelsbach, DS Poole, FL Ye, ZH AF Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Himmelsbach, DS Poole, FL Ye, ZH TI Essential role of caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase in lignin biosynthesis in woody poplar plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; A 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; DOWN-REGULATION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; COA 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES AB Caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) has recently been shown to participate in lignin biosynthesis in herbacious tobacco plants. Here, we demonstrate that CCoAOMT is essential in lignin biosynthesis in woody poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) plants. In poplar stems, CCoAOMT was found to be expressed in all lignifying cells including vessel elements and fibers as well as in xylem ray parenchyma cells. Repression of CCoAOMT expression by the antisense approach in transgenic poplar plants caused a significant decrease in total lignin content as detected by both Klason lignin assay and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The reduction in lignin content was the result of a decrease in both guaiacyl and syringyl lignins as determined by in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the reduction in lignin content resulted in a less condensed and less cross-linked lignin structure in wood. Repression of CCoAOMT expression also led to coloration of wood and an elevation of wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Taken together, these results indicate that CCoAOMT plays a dominant role in the methylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of caffeoyl CoA, and the CCoAOMT-mediated methylation reaction is essential to channel substrates for 5-methoxylation of hydroxycinnamates. They also suggest that antisense repression of CCoAOMT is an efficient means for genetic engineering of trees with low lignin content. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ye@dogwood.botany.uga.edu NR 62 TC 127 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 124 IS 2 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1104/pp.124.2.563 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 365QU UT WOS:000089962600011 PM 11027707 ER PT J AU Oh, MH Ray, WK Huber, SC Asara, JM Gage, DA Clouse, SD AF Oh, MH Ray, WK Huber, SC Asara, JM Gage, DA Clouse, SD TI Recombinant brassinosteroid insensitive 1 receptor-like kinase autophosphorylates on serine and threonine residues and phosphorylates a conserved peptide motif in vitro SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REDUCTASE KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; IN-VITRO; BRASSICA; GENE AB BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) encodes a putative Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase in Arabidopsis that has been shown by genetic and molecular analysis to be a critical component of brassinosteroid signal transduction. In this study we examined some of the biochemical properties of the BRI1 kinase domain (BRI1-KD) in vitro, which might be important predictors of in vivo function. Recombinant BRI1-KD autophosphorylated on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues with p-Ser predominating. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry identified a minimum of 12 sites of autophosphorylation in the cytoplasmic domain of BRI1, including five in the juxtamembrane region (N-terminal to the catalytic KD), five in the KD tone each in sub-domains I and VIa and three in sub-domain VIII), and two in the carboxy terminal region. Five of the sites were uniquely identified (Ser-838, Thr-842, Thr-846, Ser-858, and Thr-872), whereas seven were localized on short peptides but remain ambiguous due to multiple Ser and/or Thr residues within these peptides. The inability of an active BRI1-KD to transphosphorylate an inactive mutant KD suggests that the mechanism of autophosphorylation is intramolecular. It is interesting that recombinant BRI1-KD was also found to phosphorylate certain synthetic peptides in vitro. To identify possible structural elements required for substrate recognition by BRI1 KD, a series of synthetic peptides were evaluated, indicating that optimum phosphorylation of the peptide required R or K residues at P - 3, P - 4, and P + 5 (relative to the phosphorylated Ser at P = 0). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM steve_clouse@ncsu.edu NR 51 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 124 IS 2 BP 751 EP 765 DI 10.1104/pp.124.2.751 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 365QU UT WOS:000089962600028 PM 11027724 ER PT J AU Li, SX Hartman, GL Lee, BS Widholm, JW AF Li, SX Hartman, GL Lee, BS Widholm, JW TI Identification of a stress-induced protein in stem exudates of soybean seedlings root-infected with Fusarium solani f. sp glycines SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE host-pathogen interactions; Fusarium solani; soybean disease; starvation-associated message 22 protein ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ABSCISIC-ACID; CELLS; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; NACL AB Sudden death syndrome of soybean (Glycine max) is caused by the soilborne fungus, Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, that infects soybean roots. Besides root necrosis, symptoms include interveinal leaf chlorosis, necrosis and premature defoliation. It is proposed that a fungal toxin is produced in soybean roots and translocated to foliage. In this study, we isolated compounds from soybean stem exudates from plants that were either inoculated or not inoculated with F. solani f. sp. glycines. A protein with an estimated molecular mass of 17 kDa and designated as FISP 17 for F: solani f. sp. glycines-induced stress protein was identified using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein occurred only in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infected soybean stem exudates. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein had 100 % identity with a starvation-associated message 22 protein, and 80 and 78 % identity with purified bean pathogenesis-related proteins, PvPR1 and PvPR2, respectively. To determine if the protein was of plant or fungal origin, a synthetic peptide was designed based on the N-terminal sequence and used to raise a polyclonal antibody from rabbit. Western blot analysis showed that the antibody only reacted with a 17-kDa protein in F. solani f. so. glycines-infected plant exudates, but no reaction occurred with healthy plant exudates or with culture filtrates of F. solani f. Sp. glycines. This is the first report of the presence of a stress-induced protein in stem exudates of soybean seedlings root-infected with F: solani f. sp. glycines. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Mainze Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Res Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(00)01180-3 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 375MD UT WOS:000165402300010 ER PT J AU Walia, PS Lawton, JW Shogren, RL Felker, FC AF Walia, PS Lawton, JW Shogren, RL Felker, FC TI Effect of moisture level on the morphology and melt flow behavior of thermoplastic starch/poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE morphology; thermoplastic starch; viscosity ratio ID INCOMPATIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; VISCOSITY RATIO; STARCH; DISPERSION; ALCOHOL); RHEOLOGY; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS; PHASE AB The effect of moisture content and temperature on the melt flow behavior and the resulting morphology of thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends is studied. The viscosity ratio (lambda) was found to vary over two orders of magnitude (0.1-10) with changes in the TPS moisture content (15-30%) and temperature (120-160 degrees C). This had a substantial effect on the level of mixing, nature of dispersion and the onset and nature of co-continuity. Deformation (in the flow direction) of the dispersed starch phase was possible under high moisture conditions (higher lambda), leading to fibrillar and laminar types of morphologies at 50-80% starch level, whereas processing at a low moisture level (lower lambda) produced a more dispersed morphology. When the viscosities of the two phases were significantly different, the low-viscosity polymer migrated to the surface. Surprisingly lambda increased with temperature at 20% moisture TPS but decreased with temperature at 30% moisture TPS. Hence, moisture content and temperature greatly affected the surface enrichment of the lower viscosity polymer. Water partitioning took place between TPS and PHEE during extrusion, dependent on the pre-extrusion moisture content of TPS but independent of the relative concentrations of the two polymers. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 22 BP 8083 EP 8093 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00149-X PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 336PT UT WOS:000088312500021 ER PT J AU May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD AF May, JD Lott, BD Simmons, JD TI The effect of air velocity on broiler performance and feed and water consumption SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air velocity; temperature; feed : gain; broilers ID DIGESTIVE-TRACT CONTENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE AB Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of air velocity on feed and water consumption ata constant temperature of 27 C and a daily cyclic temperature of 22-32-22 C. Air velocity over the broilers was <15 or 120 m/min. These temperature and air velocity treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design in eight environmental chambers, with two replications of each treatment. The air velocity treatments were applied, and total feed and water consumption and daily patterns of consumption were determined for broilers from 21 to 49 d of age. Broilers exposed to the high air velocity consumed less water and more feed, gained more weight, and had an improved feed:gain ratio. The high air velocity had little effect on daily patterns of feed and water consumption. Both feed and water consumption were depressed during the peak of the daily cyclic temperature. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP May, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1396 EP 1400 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 361AD UT WOS:000089698800005 PM 11055843 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Holt, PS Gast, TK Hofacre, CL AF Seo, KH Holt, PS Gast, TK Hofacre, CL TI Elimination of early Salmonella enteritidis infection after treatment with competitive-exclusion culture and enrofloxacin in experimentally infected chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; enrofloxacin; normal avian gut flora ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; BROILER CHICKS; DEFINED CULTURES; COLONIZATION; MICROFLORA; FLOCKS; FLORA; AGE AB The effect of normal avian gut flora (NAGF) and enrofloxacin administration on the early infection of young chicks by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was determined using day-old White Leghorn chicks. Day-old chicks were divided into two groups, untreated control:and :NAGF-treated, and then infected with 10(6) cfu of SE per chick by oral gavage. The untreated, infected chicks were further divided into two groups and were either left untreated or medicated with a regimen of 10 mg/kg of enrofloxacin in drinking water daily for 10 d, followed by two doses of NAGF beginning at 10 and 8 wk bf age in Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. Liver, spleen, and cecum samples were tested for the presence of SE, and immunological responsiveness was investigated up to 12 wk of age. Compared with the untreated group, the cecal colonization of SE was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the NAGF-treated group in Trials 1 and 2. No significant differences in organ infection were observed in the NAGF-treated vs, untreated birds. although a significant effect of the combined treatment of enrofloxacin treatment and NAGF on the early infection was not shown in Trial 1, compared with enrofloxacin only or the untreated group, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of infected chickens and in the number of SE in the cecal contents was observed at 10 wk of age in Trial 2. The enrofloxacin treatment did not increase opportunistic colonization by SE due to the use of the antibiotic in either trial. The plasma and intestinal immunological responses were not significant at the early age (up to 12 wk) of the birds. The use of enrofloxacin, followed by NAGF, could aid the elimination of SE from young chicks persistently infected at an early age. The combined treatment, compared with enrofloxacin alone, protected chickens from reinfection by 40%. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1408 EP 1413 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 361AD UT WOS:000089698800007 PM 11055845 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Fetterer, RH AF Allen, PC Fetterer, RH TI Effect of Eimeria acervulina infections on plasma L-arginine SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coccidiosis; nitric oxide; inflammation; weight gain; amino acids ID KIDNEY ARGINASE; CHICKENS; NITRITE; NITRATE; COCCIDIOSIS; CITRULLINE; MALARIA; ACIDS AB As part of a program to study the pathological effects of coccidia infections on growth, we have examined the relationship of plasma L-arginine (ARG) levels to infective doses of Eimeria acervulina and infection-associated changes in weight gain, plasma carotenoids, and plasma NO2- + NO3-. Chickens consuming a Starter ration containing 1.68% ARG were infected with a range of doses of E. acervulina. At 6 d postinoculation (PI), weight gains were significantly reduced by infections with 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) oocysts per chick (OPC). Gross lesion-scores of chickens infected with 5 x 10(4) through 1 x 10(6) OPC were significantly greater than scores of chicks infected, with 1 x 10(3) OPC. Compared with levels from uninfected controls, plasma NO2- + NO3- concentrations were significantly increased by infection with 5 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6) OPC, plasma concentrations of ARG were significantly decreased by infection with 5 x 10(4) through 1 x 10(6) OPC, and plasma carotenoids were significantly decreased by all infection doses. Plasma arginine was significantly correlated with plasma carotenoids (P > 0.0187), but not with infection dose or weight gain; plasma NO2- + NO3- was positively correlated (P > 0.0043) with infection dose and negatively correlated (P > 0.0158) with weight gain. Regression analysis of the measured variables indicated that the strongest relationship existed between plasma ARG and carotenoids. This finding suggests that in this infection model, reduction in plasma ARG is most likely associated with nutrient malabsorption that accompanies infection and is likely not significantly impacted by synthesis of nitric oxide that is associated with the immune response. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1414 EP 1417 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 361AD UT WOS:000089698800008 PM 11055846 ER PT J AU Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL Raboy, V Ertl, DS AF Li, YC Ledoux, DR Veum, TL Raboy, V Ertl, DS TI Effects of low phytic acid corn on phosphorus utilization, performance, and bone mineralization in broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicks; low-phytate corn; phosphorus ID AVAILABILITY; PHYTATE AB In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether P in a low-phytate corn (LPC) containing the lpa 1-1 allele is more available than P in a near-isogenic wild-type corn hybrid (NC). The LPC was analyzed to contain 0.18% nonphytate P and 0.26% total P (TP), whereas NC contained 0.05% nonphytate P and 0.25% TP. For these studies, nonphytate P was considered to be available P (AP). In the in vivo study, 150 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments (six pens of five chicks each) for 21 d. The dietary treatments included: A) a diet containing 60% NCI 0.2% AP, and 0.8% Ca; B) a diet containing 60% LPC, 0.28% AP, and 0.8% Ca; C) an NC diet similar to Diet A, but with KH2PO4 added to increase the AP to 0.28% to match the AP in Diet B; D) an LPC diet containing 0.45% AP and 1% Ca; and E) an NC diet supplemented with KH2PO4 to provide 0.45% AP and 1% Ca. Diets A, B, and C were semipurified diets, with corn being the sole source of phytate. The only differences between Diets A and B were the source of corn and the amount of AP present in the diets. The levels of AP in these diets were deficient in order to measure the animal response to the different levels of AP. Diets D and E were typical corn-soybean meal diets, and were formulated to contain an optimal level of AP. Performance and bone ash were similar (P > 0.05) in chicks fed Diets B and C and in chicks fed Diets D and E. Chicks fed LPC diets (B and D) retained more P (P < 0.05) than chicks fed NC diets (C and E). Chicks fed Diet B had significantly higher (P < 0.05) Ca retention compared with chicks fed Diet A. An in vitro digestion procedure that simulated the physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers was used to determine P release from LPC and NC. Results showed that 65% (1,420 mg/kg) of the TP in LPC was released, compared with 23% (543 mg/kg) from NC. Results of these experiments indicate that the P in LPC is more available than the P in NC, and reducing the phytate content did not compromise the nutritional value of LPC. The increased P retention in chicks fed LPC suggests that substituting LPC for NC leads to a reduction in manure P. Also, the in vitro procedure accurately predicted differences in in vivo P availability between the two corns. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Ledoux, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Ertl, David/0000-0003-1374-2970 NR 14 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1444 EP 1450 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 361AD UT WOS:000089698800013 PM 11055851 ER PT J AU Waldroup, PW Kersey, JH Saleh, EA Fritts, CA Yan, F Stilborn, HL Crum, RC Raboy, V AF Waldroup, PW Kersey, JH Saleh, EA Fritts, CA Yan, F Stilborn, HL Crum, RC Raboy, V TI Nonphytate phosphorus requirement and phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal or high available phosphate corn with and without microbial phytase SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broilers; high available phosphorus corn; phytic acid; phytase; fecal phosphorus ID SUPPLEMENTAL PHYTASE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH AB A study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the young (0 to 3 wk) broiler chicken to utilize the P provided by a high available P corn [HAPC; 0.27% total P and 0.17% nonphytate P] in comparison with yellow dent corn (YDC; 0.23% total P and 0.03% non-phytate P), and to determine the extent to which supplementation with exogenous phytase enzyme could reduce the demands for dietary P and subsequently reduce P excretion. Diets prepared using the two types of corn differed in the amount of phytate-bound P, with the HAPC diets containing approximately 50% less phytate-bound P. Treatment diets were prepared by varying the amount of dicalcium phosphate, and ranged from 0.10 to 0.50% nonphytate P for YDC diets, and from 0.18 to 0.50% nonphytate P for HAPC diets. Sublets of each diet were supplemented with 800 units/kg phytase. Each diet was fed to six pens of five male chicks of a commercial broiler strain from 1 to 21 d of age. Regression analysis was used to estimate nonphytate P requirements for each corn type with and without phytase supplementation. The greatest need for nonphytate P was for maximum tibia ash, with requirements of 0.39, 0.29, 0.37, and 0.32% in diets with YDC, YDC plus phytase, HAPC, and HAPC plus phytase, respectively. Addition of phytase liberated approximately 50% of the phytate-bound P from each diet. These levels were sufficient to support body weight, feed conversion, and livability. Fecal P content of broilers fed diets with YDC at the NRC (1994) recommended level of 0.45% nonphytate P was 1.21%, whereas at the respective requirement points indicated above, the P content was 1.09, 0.87, 0.78, and 0.64% in feces from broilers fed diets with YDC, YDC plus phytase, HAPC, and HAPC plus phytase, respectively. Thus, fecal P output could be reduced while maintaining optimum performance by the use of reduced dietary nonphytate P, introduction of HAPC, and phytase supplementation. One of the greatest benefits of phytase supplementation appeared to be maintaining livability at lower dietary levels of nonphytate P. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Waldroup, PW (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pwaldro@comp.uark.edu NR 26 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1459 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 361AD UT WOS:000089698800014 PM 11055852 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC Zumbado, MA AF Thompson, FC Zumbado, MA TI Flower flies of the subgenus Ocyptamus (Mimocalla Hull) (Diptera : Syrphidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE neotropical; key AB The subgenus Ocyptamus (Mimocalla) is revised. Ocyptamus (Mimocalla) tristani Zumbado, new species, is described and two new synonyms are proposed (Salpingogaster flukei Curran 1941 and Baccha polista Hull 1943 = Baccha bonariensis Brethes 1905). A key to the species, along with synonymies, descriptions, distributions, and figures for all species are given. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM cthompso@sel.barc.usda.gov; mzumbado@inbio.ac.cr NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 102 IS 4 BP 773 EP 793 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 367GG UT WOS:000090052900001 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Blanco-Metzler, H Etienne, J AF Gagne, RJ Blanco-Metzler, H Etienne, J TI A new neotropical species of Clinodiplosis (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae), an important new pest of cultivated peppers (Capsicum spp.: Solanaceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE gall midge; sweet pepper; hot pepper AB A new species of cecidomyiid, Clinodiplosis capsici Gagne, is reported from cultivated sweet and hot pepper in Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana where it appears to have potential as a serious pest. Adults, pupae, and larvae are described, illustrated, and compared to other Clinodiplosis species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 102 IS 4 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 367GG UT WOS:000090052900005 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Lewis, J AF Brown, JW Lewis, J TI Catalogue of the type specimens of Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafrollers; lectotype; holotype; syntype; original description; host plants AB Type specimens of the family Tortricidae deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, are listed alphabetically by species (or subspecies), along with an abbreviated literature citation to the original description and collection data for the specimen. The type collection includes 1,001 name-bearing types of Tortricidae: 851 holotypes, 50 lectotypes (6 of which are designated herein), 60 species represented by one or more syntypes, 38 species represented by the only known extant specimen from the original series, 1 neotype, and 1 "pseudo-type." The collection includes the vast majority of the tortricid species described by C. Fernald, A. Busck, C. Heinrich, J. Clarke, A. Blanchard, and A. Kawabe. It also includes the types of numerous species described by Lord Walsingham, W. Kearfott, H. Dyar, N. Obraztsov, J. Razowski, J. Powell, W. Miller, R. Brown, and J. Brown. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1014 EP 1069 PG 56 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 367GG UT WOS:000090052900025 ER PT J AU Privette, JL Asner, GP Conel, J Huemmrich, KF Olson, R Rango, A Rahman, AF Thome, K Walter-Shea, EA AF Privette, JL Asner, GP Conel, J Huemmrich, KF Olson, R Rango, A Rahman, AF Thome, K Walter-Shea, EA TI The EOS prototype validation exercise (PROVE) at Jornada: Overview and lessons learned SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Tho forth Observing System (EOS) instrument teams must validate the operational products they produce from the Terra spacecraft data. As a pilot for future validation activities, four EOS teams (MODIS, MISR, ASTER, and Landsat-7) and community experts conducted an Il-dar field campaign in May 1997 near Las Cruces, NM. The goals of the Prototype Validation Exercise (PROVE) included (1) gaining experience in the collection and use of field data for EOS product validation; (2) developing coordination, measurement, and data-archiving protocols; and (3) compiling a synoptic land and atmospheric data set for testing algorithms. PROVE was held at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service's (ARS) Jornada Experimental Range, an expansive desert plateau hosting a complex mosaic of grasses and shrubs. Most macroscopic variables affecting the radiation environment were measured with ground air-borne (including AVIRIS and laser altimeter), and space-borne sensors (including AVHRR, Landsat TM SPOT, POLDER, and GOES). The Oak Ridge Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) then used campaign data sets to prototype Mercury, its Internet-based data harvesting and distribution system. This article provides general information about PROVE and assesses the progress made toward the campaign goat. Primary successes included the rapid campaign formulation and execution, measurement protocol development, and the significant collection, reduction, and sharing of data among participants. However, the PROVE data were used primarily for arid-la nd research and model validation rather than for validating satellite products, and the data were slow; to reach the DAAC and hence public domain. The lessons learned included: (1) validation campaigns can be rapidly organized and implemented if there are focused objectives and on-site facilities and expertise; (2) data needs, organization, storage, and access issues must be addressed at the onset of campaign planning; and (3) the end-to-end data collection, release, and publication environment may need to be readdressed by program managers, funding agencies, and journal editors if rapid and comprehensive validation of operational satellite products is to occur Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Privette, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00117-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356NA UT WOS:000089448300001 ER PT J AU Havstad, KM Kustas, WP Rango, A Ritchie, JC Schmugge, TJ AF Havstad, KM Kustas, WP Rango, A Ritchie, JC Schmugge, TJ TI Jornada experimental range: A unique arid land location for experiments to validate satellite systems SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LASER ALTIMETRY DATA; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOIL; EMISSIVITY; ROUGHNESS AB The Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada) in southern New Mexico provides a unique opportunity to use remote sensing techniques to study arid rangeland and the responses of vegetation to changing hydrologic fluxes and atmospheric driving forces. Research by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service and Agricultural Research Service at Jornada has been continuous since 1912. The Jornada has been a National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research site since 1981. These long-term investigations have provided ground data on vegetation characteristics, ecosystem dynamics, and vegetation response to changing physical and biological conditions. To complement the programs of ground measurements, a campaign called JORNEX (JORNada EXperiment) began in 1995 to collect remotely sensed data from aircraft and satellite platforms to provide spatial and temporal data on physical: and biological states of the Jornada rangeland. A wide range of ground, aircraft, and satellite data have been collected on the physical, vegetative, thermal, and radiometric properties of three ecosystems (grass, grass/shrub transition, and shrub) typical of the Jornada rangeland and of southwestern U.S, deserts. Spatial surface energy balance estimates were made from a combination of parameters and state variables estimated from aircraft and ground data. Landscape surface roughness was evaluated with the laser altimetry data and used to estimate aerodynamic roughness. Data from different platforms allowed the evaluation of the landscape at different scales. These measurements are being used to quantity hydrologic budgets and plant responses to change in components in the water and energy balance at the Jornada. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Ritchie, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jritchie@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00118-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356NA UT WOS:000089448300002 ER PT J AU Rango, A Chopping, M Ritchie, J Havstad, K Kustas, W Schmugge, T AF Rango, A Chopping, M Ritchie, J Havstad, K Kustas, W Schmugge, T TI Morphological characteristics of shrub coppice dunes in desert grasslands of southern New Mexico derived from scanning LIDAR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; DESERTIFICATION; TOPOGRAPHY; ROUGHNESS AB Since the 1880s rangeland vegetation in southern New Mexico has changed dramatically over widespread areas, typically with shrublands displacing native grasslands. Coincident with these changes in vegetation dominance are increases in soil erosion, stream channel cutting, and shrub coppice dune formation on sandy soil. Where marked transitions in, vegetation type from grassland to honey mesquite shrubland have occurred, the local topography has been transformed with previously flat mesa becoming rolling duneland. The size, distribution, and morphological characteristics of these dunes have an important impact on fluxes of energy and nutrients at the surface; they also render the land far less useful as grazing land for domestic livestock. These shrub coppice dunes and the mesquite shrubs that grow on them may be considered roughness elements. Quantifying their morphology is important for the calculation of aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height. This article tests the ability of active scanning laser remote sensing techniques to provide accurate estimates of the three-dimensional shapes and areal distributions of dune and interdune areas. It shows that scanning laser with a footprint diameter of 0.38 m and a sampling interval of 1.5 m to 2 m can be used to measure the morphological characteristics of shrub coppice dunes in the desert grasslands of southern New Mexico with acceptable accuracy and precision for a range of uses, including important geomorphological and hydrological applications. The use of scanning laser systems together with optical multi-spectral data is shown to be highly synergistic, providing information that is not easily obtainable via other surveying methods. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 2000. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Rm 104,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alrango@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 42 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 26 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00084-5 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356NA UT WOS:000089448300003 ER PT J AU Chopping, MJ AF Chopping, MJ TI Large-scale BRDF retrieval over New Mexico with a multiangular NOAA AVHRR dataset SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; DATA SET; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; SOLAR SPECTRUM; LAND; MODELS; CALIBRATION AB In this study a number of linear semiempirical kernel-driven (LiSK) bidirectional reflectance distribution fraction (BRDF) models are adjusted against an extensive Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) dataset collected over a variety of semiarid cover types in the southern part of New Mexico and parts of Chihuahua, Mexico as part of the May 1997 Prototype Validation Exercise (PROVE) campaign, an activity of the NASA Earth Observing System Terra validation program. The aim is to investigate model behavior under conditions of sparse angular sampling such as that provided by the AVHRRs and MODIS over a wide variety of southwestern desert surface types Linear semiempirical models of the type to be used in the MODIS/ MISR BRDF/albedo product (MOD43) are inverted, since these are appropriate for use over large areas. The results of the inversions show that these models are able to describe BRDF for a wide variety of surfaces and provide both a means for correcting for directional phenomena in satellite data and for extracting structural information from multiangular reflectance datasets. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chopping@hydrolab.arsusda.gov NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 163 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00120-6 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356NA UT WOS:000089448300012 ER PT J AU Olsen, SC AF Olsen, SC TI Responses of adult cattle to vaccination with a reduced dose of Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; STANDARD AB The efficacy of a reduced dosage of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) was evaluated in adult cattle. Hereford heifers were vaccinated with saline, or three SRB51 dosing regimens (3 x 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) once, 1 x 10(9) cfu once, or 1 x 10(9) cfu twice). Cattle vaccinated with 3 x 10(9) cfu of SRB51 had greater (P < 0.05) antibody responses than non-vaccinates, and greater lymphocyte proliferative responses to SRB51 than all other treatments. Four of six non-vaccinated heifers aborted after mid-gestational challenge with B abortus strain 2308 (S2308) and S2308 was recovered from tissues obtained from all the non-vaccinates. In comparison, S2308 or SRB51 were not recovered from tissues from heifers vaccinated with any of the SRB51 dosage regimens. The data suggest that vaccination with a reduced dosage of SRB51 protects adult cattle against abortion or infection caused by exposure to virulent B abortus during the subsequent pregnancy. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacteriol Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacteriol Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 69 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0405 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 366RX UT WOS:000090019300007 PM 11020364 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Biresaw, G Sammler, RL AF Carriere, CJ Biresaw, G Sammler, RL TI Temperature dependence of the interfacial tension of PS/PMMA, PS/PE, and PMMA/PE blends SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE interfacial tension; imbedded fiber retraction; IFR; polymer blends ID IMBEDDED-FIBER RETRACTION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMER MELTS; POLYBUTADIENE; POLYSTYRENE; POLYDISPERSITY; SYSTEMS AB The effect of temperature on the interfacial tension for PS/PMMA, PS/PE, and PMMA/PE was measured using the imbedded fiber retraction method, interfacial tensions for PS/PMMA, PS/PE, and PMMA/PE were measured over temperature ranges of 160-250 degreesC, 140-220 degreesC. and 140-220 degreesC, respectively. The interfacial tension was found to follow a dependence of 3.6-0.013 T dyn/cm, 7.6-0.051 T dyn/cm and 11.8-0.017 T dyn/cm for PS/PMMA, PS/PE, and PMMA/PE, respectively. Comparison of the data with the mean field theory of Helfand and Sapse were made; however, a simple linear fit to the data described the temperature dependence in the experimental window as well as the predictions of the mean field theory. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Dow Chem Co, Corp R&D, Mat Sci Grp, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s003970000105 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 370KQ UT WOS:000165122600007 ER PT J AU Overdevest, C AF Overdevest, C TI Participatory democracy, representative democracy, and the nature of diffuse and concentrated interests: A case study of public involvement on a national forest district SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE diffuse and concentrated interests; environmental attitudes and elitism; participatory and representative democracy ID POLICY; SERVICE AB To evaluate whether public involvement on a national forest district fairly represents the public's values, this article proposes four hypothesis tests. First, it is hypothesized that public-involvement programs operate according to a participatory democracy logic, in which broad cross sections of the public participate in public involvement opportunities. A second hypothesis is tested that public involvement reflects a representative democracy process in which interest groups participate yet represent the underlying distribution of issue interests of the public at large. Because the findings indicate that interest groups do outcompete the public in participation, two additional perspectives are entertained. A political economic perspective is considered that posits that the incentive structure characterizing different interests defines participation. This perspective is contrasted with a perspective that argues that environmental "elites" prevail in participation and in the process misrepresent the public's values. Tests are made to adjudicate between alternative hypotheses. The findings and their implications for democratic public involvement and decision making are considered. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol & Rural Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Overdevest, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol & Rural Sociol, 1450 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD OCT-NOV PY 2000 VL 13 IS 7 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1080/08941920050121945 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 352JQ UT WOS:000089212100005 ER PT J AU Cai, ZCC Mosier, AR AF Cai, ZCC Mosier, AR TI Effect of NH(4)Cl addition on methane oxidation by paddy soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CH4 OXIDATION; RICE PADDIES; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; FOREST SOILS; FLUXES; INHIBITION; KINETICS; AMMONIUM AB Methane emission from flooded rice fields is a net product of CH(4) production and oxidation. The ability of paddy soils to oxidize CH(4) produced endogenously is an important natural feature for mitigating CH(4) emission to the atmosphere. We conducted a series of studies on CH(4) oxidation by two fresh paddy soils (Wuxi soil and Yingtan soil). The soils were amended with NH(4)Cl at rates equivalent to 0, 10 and 50 mu g N g(-1) soil, respectively, and incubated over five consecutive periods at elevated CH(4) concentrations of similar to 500, similar to 1000, similar to 1500 or similar to 2000 mu l l(-1) in the headspace, respectively, at 25 degrees C. NH(4)Cl addition inhibited the rates of CH(4) oxidation by the paddy soils at all initial CH(4) concentrations during the first incubation. The inhibitory effect was strengthened with increasing NH(4)Cl addition and alleviated with increasing initial CH(4) concentration, i.e. then was an interaction of NH(4)Cl and initial CH(4) concentration on the inhibitory effect. If the initial CH(4) concentration was sufficiently high (above similar to 2000 mu l l(-1) for Wuxi soil and similar to 1000 mu l l(-1) for Yingtan soil), the initial inhibitory effect was alleviated and then eliminated during subsequent incubations. Eventually, NH(4)Cl addition stimulated the CH(4) oxidation rate. If the initial CH(4) concentration was not sufficiently high (less than 500 mu l l(-1) in the headspace for both soils), the inhibitory effect was maintained during subsequent incubations. Considering the fact that the CH(4) concentration in paddy soils when they are flooded is generally higher than similar to 2000 mu l l(-1), we conclude that the initial effect of NH(4)Cl addition on CH(4) oxidation in paddy soils is temporary. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Cai, ZCC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, POB 821, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM zccai@ns.issas.ac.cn NR 30 TC 32 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 11-12 BP 1537 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00065-1 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357GT UT WOS:000089490700007 ER PT J AU Chan, ASK Parkin, TB AF Chan, ASK Parkin, TB TI Evaluation of potential inhibitors of methanogenesis and methane oxidation in a landfill cover soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methanogenesis; methane oxidation; methanotrophy; inhibitors; landfill ID METHYL-FLUORIDE; OXIDIZING ACTIVITIES; FOREST SOILS; POPULATIONS; ETHYLENE; BACTERIA; WETLAND; EMISSIONS; ACETYLENE; FLUXES AB Biological methane (CH(4)) production is an anaerobic process, while CH(4) consumption occurs predominantly under aerobic conditions; however, both processes can occur simultaneously in soil. Thus, field measurements of CH(4) flux reflect the net result of both consumption and production reactions. Specific inhibitors of either CH(4) consumption or production processes offer the opportunity for assessing the rates of these two processes independently. The objective of this work was to identify potential gaseous inhibitors of either CH(4) oxidation or methanogenesis, and to evaluate the effect of inhibitor concentration an these two processes. For these studies, sieved cover soil from a municipal landfill was treated with a variety of compounds including acetylene (C(2)H(2)), ethylene (C(2)H(4)), ethane (C(2)H(6)), methyl chloride (CH(3)Cl) and methyl fluoride (CH(3)F) Each experiment consisted of six different treatments which included sterile soil, untreated soil and soil with test compound concentrations of 0.00% 0.01%, 0.1% and 1%. Incubations were conducted under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Several compounds completely inhibited CH(4) oxidation while not significantly influencing CH(4) production; including C(2)H(2) at 0.001%, C(2)H(2) at 0.1%, and CH(3)F at 0.1%. One compound (CH(3)Cl) was unique; in that a concentration of 0.1% inhibited methanogenesis by 88.9% but CH(4) oxidation was not significantly affected. We recommend the use of C(2)H(2) Or C(2)H(4) for inhibition of CH(4) oxidation, and CH(3)Cl for inhibition of methanogenesis. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM parkin@nstl.gov NR 40 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 11-12 BP 1581 EP 1590 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00071-7 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357GT UT WOS:000089490700011 ER PT J AU Fares, A Alva, AK Nkedi-Kizza, P Elrashidi, MA AF Fares, A Alva, AK Nkedi-Kizza, P Elrashidi, MA TI Estimation of soil hydraulic properties of a sandy soil using capacitance probes and guelph permeameter SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil water release curve; unsaturated hydraulic conductivity; instantaneous profile; soil water pressure head ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Soil hydraulic conductivity (K)-water content (theta)-pressure head (h) relationships (K-theta -h) are key parameters for crop growth, irrigation, drainage, and modeling water now and chemical transport through the soil. Several laboratory methods have been used to determine these parameters and to extrapolate to field conditions. However, it is essential to determine these parameters under field conditions to minimize the effect of spatial variability. The objective of this study was to use the Instantaneous Profile method in combination with capacitance probes, tensiometers, the Guelph permeameter, and the van Genuchten hydraulic functions to determine the hydraulic conductivity-water content-pressure head relationships of a Candler fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) soil. The soil was flooded for more than 2 h to achieve a constant water content through the profile and was then covered with a plastic sheet to prevent evaporative loss or addition of rain water. The capacitance probe and tensiometer readings were taken simultaneously at 0.1-, 0.2-, 0.4-, 0.7-, and 1.1-m depths. Both water content and hydraulic conductivity values decreased substantially as water redistributed through the soil profile after saturation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured with the Guelph permeameter for the five soil depths, varied between 6.1 and 10.0 m day(-1). More than 50% of the soil water was drained from the soil profile within 8 to 10 h following saturation. The analytical RETC (RETension Curve) model was used to extend soil water release curves beyond the limited range of tensiometer suction measurements. Results of this study demonstrate that the Sentek capacitance probe is a practical tool that can be used in combination with the Guelph permeameter and analytical fitting software (RETC) to determine in-situ soil water characteristic curves, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and k(theta) at difference soil depths. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fares, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 768 EP 777 DI 10.1097/00010694-200010000-00002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 369AJ UT WOS:000090149400002 ER PT J AU Demeke, T Hucl, P Chibbar, RN AF Demeke, T Hucl, P Chibbar, RN TI Frequent absence of GBSS 1 B isoprotein in endosperm starch of Canadian wheat cultivars SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE waxy protein; Triticum aestivum L.; granule bound starch synthase 1 ID WAXY PROTEINS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; COMMON WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; LOCUS AB Granule bound starch synthase 1 (GBSS 1) is an enzyme involved in amylose synthesis, and it is encoded at the waxy loci in wheat. Mutations have been reported for three GBSS 1 loci in wheat. Mutations at wheat GBSS 1 loci result in the absence of GBSS 1 isoproteins with concomitant reduction in the amylose concentrations of endosperm starch. A recent survey of Canadian wheat cultivars detected the frequent absence of GBSS 1 B isoprotein in endosperm starch granules. This was likely a result of many Canadian spring wheat cultivars having common parents, which have a mutation at the GBSS 1 B locus. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Chibbar, RN (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Plant Biotechnol, 110 Gymnasium Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada. RI Chibbar, Ravindra/A-4787-2008 OI Chibbar, Ravindra/0000-0002-2282-5236 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 2000 VL 52 IS 10 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1002/1521-379X(200010)52:10<349::AID-STAR349>3.0.CO;2-I PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 364HY UT WOS:000089888000004 ER PT J AU Chen, J Jarret, RL Qin, X Hartung, JS Banks, D Chang, CJ Hopkins, DL AF Chen, J Jarret, RL Qin, X Hartung, JS Banks, D Chang, CJ Hopkins, DL TI 16S rDNA sequence analysis of Xylella fastidiosa strains SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rDNA; Pierce's disease; taxonomy; sequence analysis; Xylella fastidiosa ID GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PIERCES-DISEASE; BACTERIA; XANTHOMONAS; DIVERSITY AB The 16S rDNA encoding the small subunit ribosomal RNA were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced from 16 strains of Xylella fastidiosa originating from nine different hosts. In pair-wise comparisons, X. fastidiosa strains showed a maximum variation of 1.0% or 14 nucleotide positions. When all 16 sequences were considered as a set, 54 variable positions were found. Analysis of the sequence data indicated that the X. fastdiosa strains formed three rDNA groups. Group one includes Pierce's disease and mulberry leaf scorch strains; Group two, periwinkle wilt, plum leaf scald, phony peach, oak leaf scorch, and elm leaf scorch strains; and Group three, citrus variegated chlorosis and coffee leaf scorch strains. All X. fastidiosa strains exhibited significantly higher levels of sequence heterogeneity (63 to 83 nucleotide positions) when compared to species from Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Our data demonstrate that 16S rDNA sequence data could provide valuable information for future classification of X. fastidiosa at the sub-species level. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Genet Resources, Griffin, GA USA. USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Florida, Cent Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 380MW UT WOS:000165706500008 PM 11108013 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Guy, CL Li, QB Yang, SL AF Meerow, AW Guy, CL Li, QB Yang, SL TI Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nrDNA ITS sequences SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; TERTIARY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE AB Analysis of three plastid DNA sequences for a broad sampling of Amaryllidaceae resolve the American genera of the Amaryllidaceae as a clade that is sister to the Eurasian genera of the family, but base substitution rates for these genes are too low to resolve much of the intergeneric relationships within the American clade. We obtained ITS rDNA sequences for 76 species of American Amaryllidaceae and analyzed the aligned matrix cladistically, both with and without gaps included, using two species of Pancratium as outgroup taxa. ITS resolves two moderately to strongly supported groups, an Andean tetraploid clade, and a primarily extra-Andean "hippeastroid" clade. Within the hippeastroid clade, the tribe Griffineae is resolved as sister to the rest of Hippeastreae. The genera Rhodophiala and Zephyranthes are resolved as polyphyletic, but the possibility of reticulation within this clade argues against any re-arrangement of these genera without further investigation. Within the Andean subclade, Eustephieae resolves as sister to all other tribes; a distinct petiolate-leafed group is resolved, combining the tribe Eucharideae and the petiolate Stenomesseae; and a distinct Hymenocallideae is supported. These Andean clades are all at least partially supported by plastid sequence data as well. We infer from our data that a great deal of the diversity of the family in the Americas is recent, and that the American Amaryllidaceae may have been reduced to peripheral isolates some time after its initial entry and spread through the Americas. While the sister relationship of the American and Eurasian clades might argue for a Boreotropical origin for the family in America, the cladistic relationships within the American clade based on ITS do not provide any further support for this or any other hypothesis of the family's entry into America. The new tribe Clinantheae is described (four genera: Clinanthus, Pamianthe, Paramongaia, and Pucara), and the lorate-leafed species of Stenomesson are transferred to Clinanthus. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33158 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 87 TC 41 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 708 EP 726 DI 10.2307/2666729 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 387VX UT WOS:000166143500009 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Peters, JG AF Welch, CM Peters, JG TI Additives for improved whiteness and DP performance with citric acid finishing SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST & AMERICAN DYESTUFF REPORTER LA English DT Article DE citric acid; durable press; whiteness ID POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CROSS-LINKING; COTTON AB 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane, polyethylene glycol, and a copolymer of ethylene oxide with the former compound were studied as additives for two citric acid durable press formulations to suppress fabric yellowing during high-temperature curing. All three additives were effective whiteners at the lower citric acid concentration, and the polyethylene glycol increased DP performance as well as the laundering life of the finish. At the higher citric acid concentration, only the trihydric alcohol was a highly effective whitener, but its use decreased the laundering life of the finish. In the absence of additives, the 7% citric acid finish lost its pale yellow discoloration after standing 11 days in air at ordinary humidity. Several mechanisms for these effects may be operative. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Welch, CM (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1526-2847 J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR AM D JI Text. Chem. Color Am. Dyest Rep. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 10 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 364WC UT WOS:000089916200008 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Epps, HH Archibald, DD Sharma, HSS AF Akin, DE Epps, HH Archibald, DD Sharma, HSS TI Color measurement of flax retted by various means SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Color measurements are made of various kinds of flax retted by dew, water, or enzymes. Two sets of samples are analyzed under different conditions using different spectrophotometers and by reflectance in the visible and near infrared spectral regions. Sample set one consists of 55 samples of various flax types retted by traditional dew and water methods and various experimental enzyme retted samples. Means and standard deviations of CIELAB color values for each of the classes are displayed as spheroid plots. The enzyme retted fiber flax class forms a separate group that is substantially lighter and slightly yellower than dew retted flax. Water retted flax is intermediate between dew and enzyme retted flax, but tends to be closer to dew retted flax. Near infrared spectra vary with different cleaning methods to remove shives from fibers. A second set of 16 samples consists of dew, water, and spray enzyme retted samples, the latter samples also analyzed with regard to subsequent cleaning processes. CIELAB and Hunter Lab methods provide similar comparisons, although CIELAB values are higher within treatments. Enzyme retted fibers tend (P > 0.05) to be Lighter and yellower than water retted ones. None of the flax fibers are as light as the cotton samples included for comparison. The Delta E-CIELAB values are 8.8 between dew and water retted fibers, 13.6 between dew and enzyme retted fibers, and 4.9 between water and enzyme retted fibers. Factors that affect the color of enzymatically retted flax fibers are prior microbial activity, shive content, and fiber fineness. These color methods could form the basis for developing a color standard for short staple has fibers. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RI Sharma, Shekhar/D-3366-2013 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 70 IS 10 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1177/004051750007001002 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 364KZ UT WOS:000089892700002 ER PT J AU Naess, SK Bradeen, JM Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT McGrath, JM Helgeson, JP AF Naess, SK Bradeen, JM Wielgus, SM Haberlach, GT McGrath, JM Helgeson, JP TI Resistance to late blight in Solanum bulbocastanum is mapped to chromosome 8 SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Solanum bulbocastanum; late blight; Phytophthora infestans; somatic hybrid ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS MONT; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; RFLP ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; TUBEROSUM L; POTATO; TOMATO; MAPS; RECOMBINATION AB Somatic hybrids between potato and Solanum bulbocastanum, a wild diploid (2n=2x=24) Mexican species, are highly resistant to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Both randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers that are closely linked to the resistance have been noted by analysis of three different backcross-2 populations derived from two different somatic hybrids. With reference to previously published potato and tomato maps, resistance appears to be on the long arm of chromosome 8 and is flanked by RFLP markers CP53 and CT64. In a population of BC2 plants derived from a cross between the BC1 line J101K6 [(S. tuberosum PI 303900+S. bulbocastanum PI 243510) xKatahdin)]xAtlantic, late blight resistance cosegregated with RFLP marker CT88 and RAPD marker OPG02-625. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Helgeson, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 34 TC 86 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 101 IS 5-6 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s001220051533 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 366MD UT WOS:000090008400004 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ AF Havey, MJ TI Diversity among male-sterility-inducing and male-fertile cytoplasms of onion SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic male sterility; nuclear male fertility restoration; organellar DNA; Allium cepa ID RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; OPEN-POLLINATED POPULATIONS; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; ALLIUM-CEPA L; MAIZE MITOCHONDRIA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENE; SEQUENCE; CHLOROPLAST; EXPRESSION AB Hybrid-onion (Allium cepa) seed is produced using systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Two different sources of CMS (S and T cytoplasms) have been genetically characterized. Testcrosses of N-cytoplasmic maintaining and restoring genotypes to S and T cytoplasmic lines demonstrated that different alleles, or loci, restore male fertility for these two male-sterile cytoplasms. Other sources of CMS have been used or reported in Europe, Japan and India, and their relationships to S and T cytoplasms are not clear. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in the organellar genomes among commercially used male-sterile cytoplasms from Holland, Japan and India, and were compared to S and T cytoplasms. Mitochondrial DNA diversity among 58 non-S-cytoplasmic open-pollinated onion populations was also assessed. All five putative CMS fines selected from the Indian population Nasik White Globe were identical to S cytoplasm for all polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome, and always possessed the same-sized mitochondrial fragments as S cytoplasm. T cytoplasm, the male-sterile cytoplasm used to produce the Dutch hybrid Hygro F-1, and two sources of CMS from Japan, were similar and showed numbers of mitochondrial polymorphisms similar to those observed among the 58 non-S-cytoplasmic open-pollinated populations. This research demonstrates that the same, or very similar, male-sterile cytoplasms have been independently isolated and exploited for hybrid-seed production in onion. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 101 IS 5-6 BP 778 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s001220051543 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 366MD UT WOS:000090008400014 ER PT J AU Tofler, GH Stec, JJ Stubbe, I Beadle, J Feng, D Lipinska, I Taylor, A AF Tofler, GH Stec, JJ Stubbe, I Beadle, J Feng, D Lipinska, I Taylor, A TI The effect of vitamin C supplementation on coagulability and lipid levels in healthy male subjects SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin C; fibrinolysis; thrombosis; cardiovascular; cholesterol ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT; PLASMA; CONSUMPTION; SMOKERS; RISK AB Although dietary intake and plasma levels of vitamin C have been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, the mechanism through which it may exert its effect has not been fully explained. Since thrombosis plays an important role in the onset of cardiovascular disease, we investigated the effect of vitamin C on measures of hemostasis that have been associated with cardiovascular risk. The effect of vitamin C on lipid levels was also evaluated. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we determined the effect of 2 g daily of vitamin C supplementation on platelet adhesion and aggregation, levels of tissue plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, von Willebrand factor, and lipid levels in 18 healthy male volunteers with low normal vitamin C levels. No striking effects of vitamin C on the hemostatic measures were observed, although tissue plasminogen activator antigen levels were inversely related to Vitamin C levels (R=-0.33, P=0.04). Von Willebrand factor levels were slightly higher with vitamin C, although within the normal range. Total cholesterol levels were 10% lower when subjects were receiving vitamin C compared to placebo (167+/-7 mg/dL vs. 184+/-7 mg/dL), P=0.007), although the total cholesterol/HDL ratio was not significantly different. Higher levels of tissue plasminogen activator antigen, which in the present study were associated with lower vitamin C levels, have been shown in prospective studies to convey an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Further studies of the effect of vitamin C on hemostatic measures are required in higher risk populations or those with known cardiovascular disease. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal N Shore Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Inst Prevent & Cardiovasc Dis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tofler, GH (reprint author), Royal N Shore Hosp, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 100 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00317-0 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367JM UT WOS:000090058000005 PM 11053614 ER PT J AU Tinus, RW Burr, KE Atzmon, N Riov, J AF Tinus, RW Burr, KE Atzmon, N Riov, J TI Relationship between carbohydrate concentration and root growth potential in coniferous seedlings from three climates during cold hardening and dehardening SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; Aleppo pine; cold hardiness; cryoprotectants; Douglas-fir radiata pine; soluble carbohydrates ID FROST HARDINESS; PINE-SEEDLINGS; SITKA SPRUCE; ACCLIMATION; EXPRESSION; DORMANCY; TREES AB Greenhouse-cultured, container-grown seedlings of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.), radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) France) were cold acclimated and deacclimated in growth chambers over 24 weeks. Needle and root cold hardiness and root growth potential (RGP) were measured weekly. Root, needle and stem analyses for soluble sugars and starch were performed biweekly. In all tissues, there was a close correspondence between cold hardiness and the absolute concentration of soluble sugars, as well as between the increase and decrease in concentration of soluble sugars during cold hardening and dehardening, respectively, supporting the theory that soluble sugars function as cryoprotectants in plant tissues. The magnitude of starch concentration did not parallel the magnitude of the cold hardiness attained, and changes in starch concentration were related to production and consumption factors, rather than timing of changes in cold hardiness. The rise and fall of RGP paralleled the rise and fall of total carbohydrate concentration in roots. The behavior of the three species was surprisingly similar, considering the different climates to which they are adapted. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, Coeur Dalene Nursery, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Agron & Nat Resources, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Tinus, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 11 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 20 IS 16 BP 1097 EP 1104 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 358ZG UT WOS:000089586600004 PM 11269961 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA AF Clausen, CA TI CCA removal from treated wood using a dual remediation process SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacillus licheniformis CC01; bioremediation; chromated copper arsenate (CCA); oxalic acid; wood preservative AB Novel approaches to remediate chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated waste wood are needed to divert this material from landfills. In this study, CCA-treated wood wafers were treated with a two-step remediation process to remove copper, chromium and arsenic. Process conditions, involving an acid extraction and bacterial culture with a metal-tolerant bacterium, were optimized. It was determined that 18 h of exposure to 1.0% oxalic acid was an optimal exposure time for the size of wood used in this study. Oxalic acid concentration was then varied to determine optimal concentration for metal removal. Increasing concentrations of oxalic acid removed increasing quantities of copper, chromium and arsenic. Acid extraction at 0.80% and bacterium exposure resulted in a total reduction of 78% copper, 91% chromium and 93% arsenic. An 0.8% of oxalic acid followed by bacterial culture with Bacillus licheniformis CC01 afforded the best conditions for maximum removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood with minimal exposure of the wood fiber to acid conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3070.2000.00151.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360FT UT WOS:000089656300009 ER PT J AU Colbach, N Dessaint, F Forcella, F AF Colbach, N Dessaint, F Forcella, F TI Evaluating field-scale sampling methods for the estimation of mean plant densities of weeds SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE semivariogram; Gaussian simulations; kriging; spatial distribution; sampling plans ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB The weed flora (comprising seven species) of a field continuously grown with soyabean was simulated for 4 years, using semivariograms established from previous field observations. Various sampling methods were applied and compared for accurately estimating mean plant densities, for differing weed species and years. The tested methods were based on (a) random selection wherein samples were chosen either entirely randomly, randomly with at least 10 or 20 m between samples, or randomly after stratifying the field; (b) systematic selection where samples were placed along diagonals or along zig-zagged lines across the field; (c) predicted Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv seedling maps which were used to divide the field into low- and high-density areas and to choose the largest sample proportion in the high-density area. For each method, sampling was performed with 5-40 samples. Systematic methods generally resulted in the lowest estimation error, followed by the random methods and finally by the predicted-map methods. In case of species over- or under-represented along the diagonals or the zig-zag sampling line, the systematic methods performed badly, especially with low sample numbers. In those instances, random methods were best, especially those imposing a minimal distance between samples. Even for S. viridis, the methods based on predicted S. viridis maps were not satisfactory, except with low sample numbers. The relationships between sampling error and species characteristics (mean density, variability, spatial structures) were also studied. C1 INRA, Unite Malherbol & Agron, F-21034 Dijon, France. ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Colbach, N (reprint author), INRA, Unite Malherbol & Agron, 17 Rue Sully,BV 1540, F-21034 Dijon, France. EM colbach@dijon.inra.fr RI Colbach, Nathalie/C-6677-2014; DESSAINT, Fabrice/F-1102-2014 OI Colbach, Nathalie/0000-0002-3791-037X; DESSAINT, Fabrice/0000-0001-9135-598X NR 25 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 411 EP 430 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355NP UT WOS:000089392000002 ER PT J AU Alm, DM Wax, LM Stoller, EW AF Alm, DM Wax, LM Stoller, EW TI Weed suppression for weed management in corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) production systems SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delayed planting; drought; environment; low-rate input; no-till; tillage AB Reduced herbicide inputs can diminish pesticide movement into water supplies, enhancing environmental quality. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and economic viability of reducing herbicide inputs by using ultra-low rates (ULRs), consisting of one-eighth the normal use rates of nicosulfuron plus thifensulfuron, delayed planting (DP), or both in corn and soybean. We compared the ULR treatment at the assigned cost of $12.35/ha with three other traditional types of weed management systems in both chisel plow and no-till production schemes. The ULR weed management system suppressed weeds enough to allow economical soybean production all 3 yr of the study, but this system proved viable only during the wettest year for corn. DP was economically competitive with the best systems in both crops under chisel-plowed tillage only in the driest year of the study. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stoller, EW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0713:WSFWMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 388NR UT WOS:000166188100007 ER PT J AU Liu, JY AF Liu, JY TI Effects of shear coupling on shear properties of wood SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE orthotropic elasticity; shear coupling; shear modulus; shear strength; shear test ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES AB tinder pure shear loading, an off-axis element of orthotropic material such as pure wood undergoes both sheer and normal deformations. The ratio of the shear strain to a normal strain is defined as the shear coupling coefficient associated with the direction of the normal strain. The effects of shear coupling on shear properties of wood as predicted by the orthotropic elasticity theory were validated using our recently developed shear test fixture. The validation also serves to demonstrate that the shear test fixture possesses the capability to introduce a state of pure shear to the critical section of a specimen as required and that orthotropic elasticity theory should be used to describe the mechanical properties of pure wood. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 458 EP 465 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 368JT UT WOS:000090114400007 ER PT J AU Gerhards, CC AF Gerhards, CC TI Bending creep and load duration of Douglas-fir 2 by 4s under constant load for up to 12-plus years SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bending creep; relative creep; deflection; wood beams; lumber grade; controlled and uncontrolled environments; wood engineering; load duration; design criteria ID STRUCTURAL LUMBER; BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY; MEMBERS; MODEL AB This paper finalizes research on graded Douglas-fir 2 by 4 beams subjected to constant bending loads of various levels and durations. Compared to results for testing in a controlled environment, results confirm that load duration did not appear to be shortened by tests in an uncontrolled environment, at least extending out to 12-plus years. By the same comparison, relative creep was considerably increased, however. The extended data also confirm that no evidence was found for a threshold below which stress Levels for lumber can be maintained indefinitely. Based on the finalized prediction equations of this study and those of two previous studies, a factor of 2.0 for a 10-year load duration is more appropriate for Douglas-fir bending allowable properties than the 1.62 factor currently recommended. Also, bending deflections due to creep doubled sooner than commonly accepted. This research is important to structural engineers and code groups responsible for the safe design of wood structures when establishing new design criteria for load duration and deflection limits. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gerhards, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 489 EP 501 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 368JT UT WOS:000090114400010 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, DW Green, EJ Valentine, HT AF MacFarlane, DW Green, EJ Valentine, HT TI Incorporating uncertainty into the parameters of a forest process model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; parameter estimation; Bayesian synthesis; process-based model; loblolly pine ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; GROWTH-MODEL; STAND GROWTH; LEAF-AREA; BIOMASS; ALLOCATION; PLANTATION; HYPOTHESIS AB 'Process-based' models have been advanced to incorporate current knowledge regarding forest processes explicitly into model structure, yet uncertainty regarding these processes is often omitted from parameter estimation. This problem reflects the fact that parameters have been traditionally viewed as constants. In process models this is often unrealistic, since physiological rates and morphological characteristics, which have known variation, are often parametrized. Reasonable estimates for parameters can, and should be, abstracted from the vast body of forestry literature, and formulated into probability distributions which reflect uncertainty in their potential value. Here probability distributions are estimated for 14 physiological or morphological parameters of Pipestem, a stand-level model of carbon allocation and growth for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), based on an extensive review of published information. Investigation of parameters revealed a wide range of variation in accumulated knowledge regarding their value, and led to the development of generic parameters which may be transferrable to other similar models. Parameter uncertainty also appeared tractable in some cases and might be reduced through reformulation of the model. Some parameters investigated had known co-dependency on model variables or other parameters, and may be better expressed as dependent variables. This study was part of a larger study in which a Bayesian analysis was used to assess the uncertainty in the predictions of a forest growth model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. US Forest Serv, Louis C Wyman Forest Sci Lab, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP MacFarlane, DW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 30 PY 2000 VL 134 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00329-X PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356HA UT WOS:000089436800002 ER PT J AU Oliver, JE Doss, RP Williamson, RT Carney, JR DeVilbiss, ED AF Oliver, JE Doss, RP Williamson, RT Carney, JR DeVilbiss, ED TI Bruchins-mitogenic 3-(hydroxypropanoyl) esters of long chain diols from weevils of the bruchidae SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE biologically active compounds; insects; plants ID ALCOHOLS AB Mono- and bis 3-(hydroxypropanoyl) esters of long chain, unsaturated diols have been isolated and identified from two genera of the family Bruchidae, and have been shown to be responsible for the mitogenic activity observed on pea pods resulting from oviposition by the pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum. The mitogenic compounds have been characterized and synthesized. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. KOSAN Biosci, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Oliver, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Carney, John/0000-0002-0461-8890 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD SEP 22 PY 2000 VL 56 IS 39 BP 7633 EP 7641 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00650-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 355XP UT WOS:000089414100002 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dykstra, CC Williams, A Spencer, JA Lenz, SD Palma, K Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Dykstra, CC Williams, A Spencer, JA Lenz, SD Palma, K Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL TI Inoculation of Sarcocystis neurona merozoites into the central nervous system of horses SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; experimental infection; merozoites; model ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; OPOSSUM DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; N-SP PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; FALCATULA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurologic syndrome in horses from the Americas and is usually caused by infection with the apicomplexan parasite, Sarcocystis neurona. A horse model of EPM is needed to test the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and potential vaccines. Five horses that were negative for antibodies to S. neurona in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were injected in the subarachnoid space with living merozoites of the SN2 isolate of S. neurona. None of the horses developed clinical disease or died over a 132-day observation period. All five horses developed antibodies to S. neurona in their CSF and serum 3-4 weeks after injection. Two of the horses were examined at necropsy and no parasite induced lesions were observed in their tissues and no parasites were recovered from portions of their spinal cords inoculated on to cell cultures. Results of this study demonstrate that merozoites of the SN2 isolate of S. neurona will induce seroconversion but not clinical disease when inoculated directly into the CSF of nonimmune horses. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Blue Ridge Pharmaceut Inc, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00281-8 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 352HC UT WOS:000089208500008 PM 10946139 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Kennedy, TJ AF Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Kennedy, TJ TI Determination of the activity of ponazuril against Sarcocystis neurona in cell cultures SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ponazuril; Sarcocystis neurona; merozoite; cell culture; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) ID APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; COCCIDIOSIS; TOLTRAZURIL; HORSES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PYRIMETHAMINE; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE AB The present study examined the efficacy of ponazuril in inhibiting merozoite production of Sarcocystis neurona in cell cultures. Ponazuril inhibited merozoite production by more that 90% in cultures of S. neurona treated with 1.0 mu g/ml ponazuril and greater than 95% inhibition of merozoite production was observed when infected cultures were treated with 5.0 mu g/ml ponazuril. Ponazuril may have promise as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of S. neurona induced equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bayer Anim Hlth, Merriam, KS 66202 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00280-6 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 352HC UT WOS:000089208500009 PM 10946140 ER PT J AU Goode, JG Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Davies, MA Hao, WM AF Goode, JG Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Susott, RA Babbitt, RE Davies, MA Hao, WM TI Measurements of excess O-3, CO2, CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, HCN, NO, NH3, HCOOH, CH3COOH, HCHO, and CH3OH in 1997 Alaskan biomass burning plumes by airborne fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (AFTIR) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; BOREAL FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FIRE EMISSIONS; EASTERN CANADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE AB We used an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR), coupled to a flow-through, air-sampling cell, on a King Air B-90 to make in situ trace gas measurements in isolated smoke plumes from four, large, boreal zone wildfires in interior Alaska during June 1997. AFTIR spectra acquired near the source of the smoke plumes yielded excess mixing ratios for 13 of the most common trace gases: water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, nitric oxide, formaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, ethylene, acetylene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. Emission ratios to carbon monoxide for formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methanol were 2.2 +/- 0.4%, 1.3 +/- 0.4%, and 1.4 +/- 0.1%, respectively. For each oxygenated organic compound, a single linear equation fits our emission factors from Alaska, North Carolina, and laboratory fires as a function of modified combustion efficiency (MCE). A linear equation for predicting the NH3/NOx emission ratio as a function of MCE fits our Alaskan AFTIR results and those from many other studies. AFTIR spectra collected in downwind smoke that had aged 2.2 +/- 1 hours in the upper, early plume yielded Delta O-3/Delta CO ratios of 7.9 +/- 2.4% resulting from O-3 production rates of similar to 50 ppbv h(-1). The Delta NH3/Delta CO ratio in another plume decreased to 1/e of its initial value in similar to 2.5 hours. A set of average emission ratios and emission factors for fires in Alaskan boreal forests is derived. We estimate that the 1997 Alaskan fires emitted 46 +/- 11 Tg of CO2. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM byok@selway.umt.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 72 TC 166 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D17 BP 22147 EP 22166 DI 10.1029/2000JD900287 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 356XH UT WOS:000089469100003 ER PT J AU Fairchild, CD Schumaker, MA Quail, PH AF Fairchild, CD Schumaker, MA Quail, PH TI HFR1 encodes an atypical bHLH protein that acts in phytochrome A signal transduction SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE gravitropism; photomorphogenesis; transcription factor; high irradiance response; T-DNA tagging; light-regulated gene ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIGHT CONTROL; AH RECEPTOR; GENE; SEEDLINGS; PIF3; DNA; ORIENTATION; EXPRESSION; BINDING AB Phytochromes are informational photoreceptors through which plants adapt their growth and development to prevailing light conditions. These adaptations are effected primarily through phytochrome regulation of gene expression by mechanisms that remain unclear. We describe a new mutant, hfr1 (long hypocotyl in far-red), that exhibits a reduction in seedling responsiveness specifically to continuous far-red light (FRc), thereby suggesting a locus likely to be involved in phytochrome A (phyA) signal transduction. Using an insertionally tagged allele, we cloned the HFR1 gene and subsequently confirmed its identity with additional alleles derived from a directed genetic screen. HFR1 encodes a nuclear protein with strong similarity to the bHLH family of DNA-binding proteins but with an atypical basic region. In contrast to PIF3, a related bHLH protein previously shown to bind phyB, HFR1 did not bind either phyA or B. However, HFR1 did bind PIF3, suggesting heterodimerization, and both the HFR1/PIF3 complex and PIF3 homodimer bound preferentially to the Pfr form of both phytochromes. Thus, HFR1 may function to modulate phyA signaling via heterodimerization with PIF3. HFR1 mRNA is 30-fold more abundant in FRc than in continuous red light, suggesting a potential mechanistic basis for the specificity of HFR1 to phyA signaling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM047475, GM-47475] NR 53 TC 212 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 15 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 18 BP 2377 EP 2391 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 358AG UT WOS:000089534600012 PM 10995393 ER PT J AU Venditti, JG Bennett, SJ AF Venditti, JG Bennett, SJ TI Spectral analysis of turbulent flow and suspended sediment transport over fixed dunes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL BED FORMS; SAND CONCENTRATION; MEAN FLOW; SUSPENSION; RIVER; STABILITY; SCALES; FLUID; LAYER AB Laboratory measurements of turbulent fluctuations in velocity and suspended sediment concentration were obtained synchronously over fixed two-dimensional dunes in a sediment-starved flow. Contour maps of turbulent flow parameters demonstrate that the flow separation cell and a perturbed shear layer are the main sources of turbulence production and that the distribution of suspended sediment is controlled by spatially dependent macroturbulent flow structures. Spectral analysis reveals that peak spectral energies generally occur at 1-2 Hz for the streamwise velocity component and 2-4 Hz for the cross-stream and vertical velocity components. Spectra show larger and better defined energy peaks near the shear layer. Peak spectral energies for suspended sediment concentration occur near 1 Hz throughout the flow. Squared coherency values for cospectral analysis of velocity and sediment concentration are insignificant. Integral timescales for velocity range from 0.20 s for the streamwise component to 0.06 s for the cross-stream and vertical components. Integral length scales for velocity range from 0.065 to 0.135 m for the streamwise component, which is comparable to flow depth, and from 0.020 to 0.030 m for the cross-stream and vertical components, which is comparable to dune height. For suspended sediment concentration, integral timescales and length scales are similar to the streamwise velocity component. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Venditti, JG (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 217-1984 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. OI Venditti, Jeremy/0000-0002-2876-4251 NR 54 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C9 BP 22035 EP 22047 DI 10.1029/2000JC900094 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 355DD UT WOS:000089369600011 ER PT J AU Brand, LR Goodwin, HT Ambrose, PD Buchheim, HP AF Brand, LR Goodwin, HT Ambrose, PD Buchheim, HP TI Taphonomy of turtles in the Middle Eocene Bridger formation, SW Wyoming SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bridger Formation; eocene; paleoenvironment; reptilia; taphonomy ID REGION AB This study seeks to document and account for the distribution, abundance, and taphonomic condition of fossil turtles in a fossiliferous section of the Bridger Formation, Unit B (Early Middle Eocene of Wyoming). The following patterns were documented: (1) Fossils were non-randomly distributed stratigraphically and sedimentologically with most specimens concentrated in mudstones within a few meters above two of three widespread limestone beds. These concentrations were not artifacts of accumulations of eroded fossils on low angle slopes. (2) Fossil concentrations above limestones were widespread in the study area-tens of kilometers in at least one case. The well-exposed Black Mountain turtle layer shows a gradient in fossil density, highest to the south and lowest to the north. (3) Most specimens from fossil accumulations exhibited a similar taphonomic condition, with many shells mostly intact and unweathered, and with no skulls and few limb elements. Few elements bore predator tooth marks. Some bones in channel deposits were abraded, but most bones in fine-grained sediment were not. The largest concentrations of turtles were associated with specific layers of fine-grained sediment. These features suggest mass mortalities of turtles, and burial before many shells disarticulated. A model is presented to account for these data. In this model, a limestone forms in a shallow, basin-wide lacustrine environment. Then, a series of fluvial/lacustrine sedimentary units resulting from a large-scale episode of volcanism accumulated in the lake and buried the turtles. The volcanic event may have been the cause of death, from breathing ash-choked air, for large turtle populations in the lake/marsh environment, which were then buried early in the volcanic episode. Turtle populations evidently did not recover significantly until another shallow lake filled the basin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Andrews Univ, Dept Biol, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. US Forest Serv, Delta, CO 81416 USA. RP Brand, LR (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00111-5 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 356JD UT WOS:000089439400010 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Cooper, BS AF Guthrie, HD Garrett, WM Cooper, BS TI Inhibition of apoptosis in cultured porcine granulosa cells by inhibitors of caspase and serine protease activity SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig; progesterone production; aromatase activity; protease inhibitor ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FOLLICULAR ATRESIA; FOLLICLES; DEATH; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; ENDONUCLEASE; RESTORATION; EXPRESSION; REGRESSION AB Protease inhibitors were used to test the hypothesis that caspases and other proteases were active during apoptosis in cultured porcine granulosa cells. Cells isolated from 3 to 6 mm follicles were cultured for 24 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium: Hams F12 (1:1') containing 1% fetal bovine serum. Final inhibitor concentrations, added in 10 muL of dimethylsulfoxide, were 0, 1, 5, 25 and 125 muM. Cells with compromised plasma membrane integrity, identified by uptake ethidium homodimer, increased during culture in the absence of inhibitors from 37% to 43%.'Apoptotic (A(o)) cells, identified by DNA fluorescence flow cytometry, increased (P < 0.05) from 1.7% to 29%. The serine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) at 125 M was lethal increasing (P < 0.05) cells with compromised membranes to 92%. In response to TPCK, A(o) cells decreased from 55% to 1.2%; progesterone and estradiol production were decreased by 94% and 98%, respectively. The general casp ase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-valinyl-alaninyl-aspartyl fluoro methylketone, decreased (P < 0.05) A(o) cells linearly from 33% to 3% between 0 and 125 muM without significant effect on steroidogenesis or on the percentage of cells with compromised plasma membranes. Other inhibitors only had a marginal effect on apoptosis; concentrations of greater than or equal to1 muM decreased (P < 0.05) A(o) cells from 29% to 18% to 21% and had no significant effect on membrane integrity or steroid production. We conclude that caspases are associated with apoptosis in cultured porcine granulosa cells. Death induced by TPCK was through a nonapoptotic mechanism. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasma & Gamete Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasma & Gamete Lab, Bldg 200,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 54 IS 5 BP 731 EP 740 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00386-1 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375VJ UT WOS:000165421700007 PM 11101034 ER PT J AU Song, KD Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD Yun, CH Parcells, MS Huynh, JT Han, JY AF Song, KD Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD Yun, CH Parcells, MS Huynh, JT Han, JY TI A DNA vaccine encoding a conserved Eimeria protein induces protective immunity against live Eimeria acervulina challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; DNA vaccine; chickens; coccidiosis; gut immunity ID RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; VIRAL PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; COCCIDIOSIS; CHICKENS; IDENTIFICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; INFLUENZA; PARASITES AB Coccidiosis is caused by several distinct intestinal protozoa of Eimeria sp., and is responsible for intestinal lesions and severe body weight loss in chickens. To develop a DNA vaccination strategy for coccidiosis, an expression vector pMP13 encoding a conserved antigen of Eimeria was constructed by subcloning 3-1E cDNA into pBK-CMV and used to elicit protective immunity against E. acervulina. One-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with various doses of pMP13 expression vector ranging from 5 to 100 ug two weeks apart and were challenged with 5 x 10(3) E. acervulina. Chickens immunized with 5, 10, 50 or 100 ug of pMP13 plasmid, but not control plasmid, pBK-CMV, showed significantly reduced oocysts following challenge infection with E. acervulina. Two injections were in general more effective than one injection with higher dose of DNA eliciting better protection. At 10 days post challenge infection, maximum levels of circulating antibodies were detected regardless of the routes of injection, although IM injection provided higher levels of serum antibodies compared to SC injection. Serum antibody levels demonstrated a dose-dependent response showing higher antibody production at higher DNA dose. DNA immunization with pMP13 also induced significant changes in T-cell subpopulations in the spleen and duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes. At 4 days post DNA immunization, pMP13-immunized chickens showed lower CD8, and higher CD4(+) and gamma delta T+ cells in the duodenum compared to the pBK-CMV-immunized chickens. Following challenge infection with E. acervulina, pMP13-immunized chickens showed lower CD8(+) and alpha beta T+ cells, and higher CD4(+) cells than pBK-CMV-immunized chickens in the duodenum. These findings demonstrate that DNA immunization with pMP13 induce Local and systemic host immune responses against Eimeria. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI YUN, Cheol-Heui/0000-0002-0041-2887 NR 36 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 252 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 352UV UT WOS:000089237000014 PM 10930679 ER PT J AU Pruimboom-Brees, IM Morgan, TW Ackermann, MR Nystrom, ED Samuel, JE Cornick, NA Moon, HW AF Pruimboom-Brees, IM Morgan, TW Ackermann, MR Nystrom, ED Samuel, JE Cornick, NA Moon, HW TI Cattle lack vascular receptors for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 Shiga toxins SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CALVES; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; BINDING; RABBITS; LOCALIZATION; VEROTOXIN-1 AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes Shiga toxin (Stx)-mediated vascular damage, resulting in hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. These infections are often foodborne, and healthy carrier cattle are a major reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. We were interested in knowing why cattle are tolerant to infection with E. coli O157:H7. Cattle tissues were examined for the Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)). for receptivity to Stx binding in vitro, and for susceptibility to the enterotoxic: effects of Stx in vivo. TLC was used to detect Gb(3) in tissues from a newborn calf. Gb(3) was detected by TLC in kidney and brain, but not in the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemistry was used to define binding of Stx1 and Stx2 overlaid onto sections from cattle tissues. Stx1 and Stx2 bound to selected tubules in the cortex of the kidney of both newborn calves (n = 3) and adult cattle (n = 3). Stx did not bind to blood vessels in any of the six gastrointestinal and five extraintestinal organs examined. The lack of Gb(3) and of Stx receptivity in the gastrointestinal tract raised questions about the toxicity of Stx in bovine intestine. We found that neither viable E. coli O157:H7 nor Stx-containing bacterial extracts were enterotoxic (caused fluid accumulation) in ligated ileal loops in newborn calves, The lack of vascular receptors for Stx provides insight into why cattle are tolerant reservoir hosts for E. coli O157:H7. C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Moon, HW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, 1802 Elwood Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hwmoon@iastate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI41328] NR 38 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 12 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 19 BP 10325 EP 10329 DI 10.1073/pnas.190329997 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 354QP UT WOS:000089341400009 PM 10973498 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Caperna, TJ Elsasser, TH Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP AF Richards, MP Caperna, TJ Elsasser, TH Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP TI Design and application of a polyclonal peptide antiserum for the universal detection of leptin protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE leptin; polyclonal antiserum; antibody; immunoassay; immunohistochemistry ID CLONING; GENE; EXPRESSION; OBESITY AB An epitope-specific polyclonal antiserum was produced in rabbits immunized against a synthetic 15 amino acid peptide (QRVTGLDFIPGLHPV) derived from the coding sequence reported for the porcine leptin gene (GenBank Accession No. U59894). This peptide contains a core sequence comprised of eight amino acids (GLDFIPGL) that is totally conserved in all leptin proteins studied to date. Purified recombinant human, mouse, rat, pig, and chicken leptin proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electro-blotted onto PVDF membranes. Western blots were developed employing the leptin-specific peptide antiserum with an alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG second antibody chromogenic system. The peptide antiserum was found to be highly specific for leptin which exhibited an estimated molecular weight of about 16 kDa for all species analyzed. The sensitivity of the Western blot assay was not sufficient to permit the direct detection of leptin in chicken serum or plasma. However, with this assay we were able to detect native leptin protein in an enriched fraction prepared from chicken plasma using a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange column chromatography. Slot blots indicated a potential application of the immunostaining technique for quantitative analysis of leptin protein. Finally, the peptide antiserum was successfully employed to localize leptin protein by immunohistochemical staining of thin sections prepared from adipose (chicken and pig) and liver (chicken) tissue samples. This study is the first to report a polyclonal peptide antiserum that apparently recognizes intact leptin protein, both native and recombinant, regardless of the species of origin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD SEP 11 PY 2000 VL 45 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0165-022X(00)00116-0 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 359QX UT WOS:000089624500005 PM 10989131 ER PT J AU Cameira, MR Ahuja, L Fernando, RM Pereira, LS AF Cameira, MR Ahuja, L Fernando, RM Pereira, LS TI Evaluating field measured soil hydraulic properties in water transport simulations using the RZWQM SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil water; macroporosity; tension infiltrometer; soil hydraulic properties; two-domain flow; modelling ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TENSION INFILTROMETER; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; MODELING WATER; FLOW; INFILTRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; MOVEMENT; COLUMNS AB Better understanding and quantification of infiltration and water movement in macroporous soils is extremely important, both for optimising the use of water in agriculture and for minimising preferential transport of nitrogen and pesticides to groundwater. The methods of measuring soil hydraulic properties by conventional methods do not distinguish between the soil matrix and macropores that may be present in the sampled soil. The objective of this work is to evaluate a two-domain model of infiltration using the conventionally measured soil hydraulic properties considered as soil matrix properties, supplemented by macropore How capacity measured with a tension infiltrometer. To determine the soil hydraulic characteristics a two step method was used, using field data from an infiltration redistribution experiment and running the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) in the inverse mode. The results indicate that there is the need to develop a new technique to determine appropriate soil matrix and macropore properties in macroporous field soils. The hydraulic properties determined by conventional methods are apparently the properties of soil matrix, but seem to miss the effect of larger pores that are below the 1.0 mm diameter assumed to be the lower limit for macropores. The macropore properties determined with a tension infiltrometer apparently do not distinguish between continuous and dead-end macropores, and do not give any indication about the continuity of macropores with depth. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Dept Agr Engn, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal. ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Cameira, MR (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Agron, Dept Agr Engn, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal. EM roscameira@isa.utl.pt RI Fernando, Rui/F-9204-2010; Cameira, Maria/F-8982-2010; Santos Pereira, Luis/F-8799-2010 OI Cameira, Maria/0000-0002-2186-5172; Santos Pereira, Luis/0000-0003-4425-3408 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 10 PY 2000 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00286-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 356GK UT WOS:000089435400005 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Lew, KM Chen, JM McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT Lew, KM Chen, JM McKeon, TA TI Separation of the molecular species of intact phosphatidylethanolamines and their N-monomethyl and N,N-dimethyl derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C-8 column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE phosphatidylethanolamines; lipids ID TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; ACIDS AB We have developed a gradient reversed-phase C-8 high-performance Liquid chromatography method for the separation of molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and their N-monomethyl and N,N-dimethyl derivatives. This method uses a 40-min Linear gradient of 88-100% methanol, containing ammonium hydroxide as silanol suppressing agent, and is suitable for metabolic studies using both UV detection at 205 nm and radioactivity flow detection. The elution order of a given PE is inversely related to the polarity of its fatty acid constituents. Lipid classes studied here containing the same fatty acyl chains elute in the order: PE-N,N-dimethyl400 kg ha(-1) less for the Fall SWP-SKW treatment. Wheat protein content was also reduced in the Fall SWP-SKW tillage treatment. The probable reason for lower wheat yield is poor weed control. Dry pea is agronomically viable as a rotation substitute for summer fallow or fresh pea. The apparent yield decline of wheat yield in the minimum tillage system needs to be evaluated in terms of tillage costs, and improved technologies for weed, residue, and N management. C1 Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Soil Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Payne, WA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Agr Expt Stn, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 933 EP 937 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373UK UT WOS:000165307500019 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE AF Varvel, GE TI Crop rotation and nitrogen effects on normalized grain yields in a long-term study SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY AB Effects of year-to-year variability in agricultural production systems have always been a concern, but few studies are conducted for a long enough period of time where management system evaluations and assessments can be made. Given this limitation, questions about whether management systems are effective at reducing temporal variability remain in production agriculture. These questions prompted investigation of a long-term crop rotation study to determine effects of crop rotation and N fertilization practices in a rainfed environment on normalized grain yields. Sixteen years of grain yield data from an experiment with seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2-yr rotations, and two 4-yr rotations) and three N fertilizer rates are included in the study. Grain yields from 1983 through 1998 for each crop and N fertilizer treatment were normalized and then relative grain yield within a cropping system and N fertilizer treatment were combined, which resulted in relative yields for each cropping system and N fertilizer treatment combination in each year. Using the normalized yields, overall analyses of the 16 yr of data were conducted to assess what effects cropping systems and N fertilizer have on yield variability. These analyses demonstrated that crop rotation systems are more effective at reducing long-term yield variability than monoculture systems, even with N fertilizer. As expected, N fertility, obtained from either fertilizer or legumes in monoculture or rotation systems, is probably one of the most, if not the most important aspect in reducing yield variability. Analyses of normalized yields also demonstrated that reductions in yield variability could be obtained in many of our cropping systems with proper management. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 938 EP 941 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373UK UT WOS:000165307500020 ER PT J AU Wesley, RA Smith, LA Spurlock, SR AF Wesley, RA Smith, LA Spurlock, SR TI Residual effects of fall deep tillage on soybean yields and net returns on tunica clay soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; COMPACTION; IRRIGATION; GROWTH; COTTON AB Seed yield of monocrop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on nonirrigated clay soils in the Mississippi River alluvial flood plain has been consistently low and marginally profitable. Deep tillage (subsoiling) of certain clayey soils in the fall when the soil profile is dry significantly increases yields and net returns from this production system. Yields and net returns were evaluated for seven deep-till treatments and a conventional-tip treatment that was dished annually (C). The deep-till treatments included subsoiling annually and once every second, third, fourth, and fifth year (DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4, and DT5, respectively), Paratill annually (PT1), and profile modification every fifth year (MP). Over the 5-yr study, DT1 produced the greatest yield (3452 kg ha(-1)), which was 1016 kg ha(-1) (42%) above the average yield from C (2436 kg ha(-1)). Yields from DT2, DT3, and PT1 were virtually identical and averaged only 198 kg ha(-1) (56%) less than the average yield from DT1, whereas yields from DT4 and DT5 averaged 291 kg ha(-1) (9%) and 613 kg ha(-1) (18%) less. Net returns from DT1 ($436 ha(-1)) averaged the highest, whereas returns from C ($220 ha(-1)) were the lowest. Net returns from DT2 and DT3 were within 5% of the net returns from DT1, whereas net returns from the DT4, DT5, PT1, and MP treatments respectively averaged 9, 26, 9, and 31% less than returns from DT1. Thus, fall deep tillage should be performed at least once every 3 yr to maximize and sustain higher yields and net returns from soybean grown on nonirrigated Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept). C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Tech Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi, MS 39762 USA. RP Wesley, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Tech Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 941 EP 947 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373UK UT WOS:000165307500021 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Irizarry, H AF Goenaga, R Irizarry, H TI Yield and quality of banana irrigated with fractions of class A pan evaporation on an oxisol SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB There is a scarcity of information regarding the optimum water requirement for banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) grown with supplemental drip irrigation on an Oxisol. A 3-yr study was conducted on a very-fine, kaolinitic, Isohyperthermic Typic Hapludox to determine water requirement, yield, and fruit-quality traits of the plant crop (PC) and two ratoon crops (R2 and R3) of 'Grande Naine' and 'Johnson' banana subjected to five levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors that ranged from 0.25 to 1.25 in increments of 0.25. Drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (P < 0.001) irrigation treatment and crop effects for all yield components, fruit length and diameter, number of leaves at flowering and harvest, and number of hands per bunch. Cultivar and the treatment by cultivar interaction were not significant (P < 0.05). The highest marketable yield (70.7 Mg ha(-1)) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.25. Plant crop and R3 plants irrigated using the same pan factor yielded 48 and 65 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Increasing the pan factors from 0.25 to 1.25 resulted in weight gains of the third-upper hand of 594 g in PC, 1284 g in R2, and 1429 g in R3. It was concluded that banana grown on an Oxisol should be drip irrigated with a pan factor of 1.0 or more three times a week. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM rgoenaga@ars-grin.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1008 EP 1012 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373UK UT WOS:000165307500030 ER PT J AU Donald, WW AF Donald, WW TI Timing and frequency of between-row mowing and band-applied herbicide for annual weed control in soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COCKLEBUR XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM; GLYCINE-MAX; INTERFERENCE; COMPETITION; SOIL; EUTROPHICATION; INDIANA; RUNOFF AB Alternative ways are needed to control weeds in field crops that reduce or prevent both herbicide contamination of surface and ground water and soil erosion. A new weed management system, which consisted of band-applied herbicides over the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., 'Morsoy 9137'] row and two or more between-row (BR) mowings, was optimized in a soybean field near Columbia, MO. Between-row mowing very close to the soil surface twice with a mower killed or suppressed annual grass and broadleaf weeds, chiefly giant foxtail (Setaria faberi R. Herrm.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and waterhemp species (Amaranthus spp.), when properly timed. When band-applied herbicide controlled weeds within the crop row, annual weeds between rows could be mowed once when the tallest weeds were 8 to 24 cm tall and again just before crop canopy closure, without yield loss. No more than two BR mowings were needed to control annual weeds. Shading by crop canopy closure contributed to weed suppression in this BR-mowing weed management system. Soybean yield in the BR-mowing weed management system could not be statistically distinguished from heed, weed-free check plots or broadcast-herbicide treatments and was greater than the weedy check plots. Herbicide use was reduced 50% by banding because only 50% of the field area was sprayed. The BR-mowing weed management system may have use in environmentally sensitive areas to help reduce soil erosion and/or water contamination by herbicides. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 269 Agr Eng Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1019 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373UK UT WOS:000165307500031 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ AF Wood, RJ TI Searching for the determinants of intestinal calcium absorption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID VITAMIN-D; WOMEN C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3 BP 675 EP 676 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 349AH UT WOS:000089021300001 PM 10966881 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Verreschi, I Tucker, KL Roberts, SB AF Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Verreschi, I Tucker, KL Roberts, SB TI Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from Sao Paulo, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fat oxidation; obesity; stunting; energy expenditure; children; metabolic rate; respiratory quotient; malnutrition; undernutrition; Brazil ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DIETARY-FAT; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; SHORT STATURE; WEIGHT-GAIN; FOOD-INTAKE; SENSITIVITY; DETERMINANT AB Background: Previous research suggested that nutritionally stunted children may have increased risk of obesity, but little is known about potential underlying mechanisms. Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that stunted children have a low metabolic rare and impaired fat oxidation relative to nonstunted children. Design: The subjects were 58 prepubertal boys and girls aged 8-11 y from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-eight were stunted (height-for-age z score <-1.5) and 30 had similar weight-for-height but normal height (height-for-age z score >-1.5). Parents of children in the 2 groups had equivalent height and body mass index values. Pasting and postprandial energy expenditure, respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation were measured with indirect calorimetry in a 3-d resident study in which all food was provided and body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Stunted children had normal resting energy expenditure relative to body composition compared with control children (4559 +/- 90 and 4755 +/- 86 kJ/d, respectively; P = 0.14) and had normal postprandial thermogenesis (2.4 +/- 0.3% and 2.0 +/- 0.3% of meal load, respectively; P = 0.42). However, fasting RQ was significantly higher in the stunted group (0.92 +/- 0.009 compared with 0.89 +/- 0.007, P = 0.04) and consequently, fasting fat oxidation was significantly lower (25 +/- 2% compared with 34 +/- 2% of energy expenditure; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Childhood nutritional stunting is associated with impaired fat oxidation, a factor that predicted obesity in other at risk populations. This finding may help explain recent increases in body fatness and the prevalence of obesity among stunted adults and adolescents in developing countries. C1 Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sawaya, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Rua Botucatu 862,Vila Clementino, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 57 TC 152 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3 BP 702 EP 707 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 349AH UT WOS:000089021300007 PM 10966887 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Krall, EA Dallal, GE AF Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Krall, EA Dallal, GE TI Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium; vitamin D; supplement withdrawal; bone mineral density; bone mineral content; bone turnover; fractures; osteoporosis; elderly ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; ESTROGENS; HIP AB Background: Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D reduces bone loss and prevents fractures in elderly people, but it is not known whether any lasting benefit remains if the supplements are discontinued. Objective: The objective was to determine whether gains in bone mineral density (BMD) induced by calcium and vitamin D supplementation persist after supplement withdrawal. Design: Two-hundred ninety-five healthy, elderly men and women (aged greater than or equal to 68 y) who had completed a 3-y randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium and vitamin D supplementation were followed fur an additional 2 y during which no study supplements were given. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and biochemical variables related to calcium metabolism and bone turnover were measured. Results: In the 128 men, supplement-induced increases in spinal and femoral neck BMD were lost within 2 y of supplement discontinuation, but small benefits in total-body BMD remained. In the 167 women, there were no lasting benefits in total-body BMD or at any bone site. Consistent with the observations on BMD, the bone turnover rates in both men and women (as measured by serum osteocalcin concentrations) returned to their original higher concentrations within the same 2-y period. Conclusion: Discontinued calcium and vitamin D supplementation has limited cumulative effect on bone mass in men and women aged greater than or equal to 68 y. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM hughesb@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 22 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 349AH UT WOS:000089021300013 PM 10966893 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD Keim, NL AF Van Loan, MD Keim, NL TI Influence of cognitive eating restraint on total-body measurements of bone mineral density and bone mineral content in premenopausal women aged 18-45 y: a cross-sectional study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cognitive restraint; premenopausal women; whole-body bone mineral density; bone mineral content; body fat; fat-free mass; eating restraint; Three-Factor Eating Inventory ID OVULATORY DISTURBANCES; DIETARY RESTRAINT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNG-WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; EATERS; ABSORPTIOMETRY; HEALTH; WEIGHT AB Background: We examined the relation between cognitive eating restraint (CER) and total-body measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). Objective: Our objective was to determine whether women with CER had lower total-body BMD and BMC than did other women. Design: Premenopausal women, 90-150% of ideal weight, had measurements of their BMD and BMC made and completed questionnaires on physical activity, weight history, body size satisfaction, dieting history, eating behavior, and childbearing history. Bone measurements were examined for differences between groups with low and high CER scores by using analysis of covariance and guar tiles of body weight to adjust for body size differences. CER was assessed by using the Three-Factor Eating Inventory and was defined as a score greater than or equal to 9; normal eating restraint (NER) was defined by a score <9. Total-body BMC, BMD, and fat and lean masses were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Fifty-two percent of the women were classified as having CER. Women with CER were significantly more dissatisfied with their bodies. Analysis of covariance, with weight as the covariate, indicated a significant difference in BMC between women in preplanned pairs from the 5 lowest and 5 highest CER levels. No significant differences in BMD were observed between groups. Significantly lower BMC was found in women with high CER scores and body weights <71 kg than in those with high CER scores and weights greater than or equal to 71 kg. Conclusions: BMC was significantly differently between women with low and high CER scores. BMC was significantly lower in women with body weights <71 kg and classified with CER. Lower BMC in women with high CER scores may indicate an increased risk of osteoporosis. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, WHNRC, Dept Exercise Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Denny, Thomas/0000-0002-7364-8276 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3 BP 837 EP 843 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 349AH UT WOS:000089021300027 PM 10966907 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R AF Roubenoff, R TI Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting, functional performance, and quality of life SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BODY CELL MASS; OF-LIFE; HIV-INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTION; WEIGHT-LOSS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; RESISTANCE EXERCISE AB Unintentional loss of weight and lean body mass (wasting) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS wasting (AW) often experience reductions in lean body mass, muscle strength, and the ability to perform functions of daily living. Dependence on assistance with activities of daily living may be associated with a lower quality of life (QOL) and higher risk of mortality. These factors suggest that stowing or reversing the loss of lean body mass in AW can improve well-being. Nutritional support or appetite stimulants in the absence of exercise therapy or growth hormone supplementation can increase fat without improving body composition, whereas appropriate exercise programs, androgen therapy, and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy may increase lean body mass in patients with AW. Resistance exercise programs can increase muscle strength and lean body mass. In addition, both resistance and endurance (aerobic) exercise augment endogenous growth hormone levels, decrease depression, enhance self-esteem, and may improve immune response. Randomized, double-blind trials have shown that rhGH therapy increases total body weight, lean body mass, exercise capacity, and QOL. In summary, interventions that improve exercise capacity and functional performance may enhance QOL in patients with AW and may reduce mortality in this group. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer HNRC Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 91 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD SEP PY 2000 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1003 EP 1016 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 358KT UT WOS:000089557800004 PM 11184062 ER PT J AU Hankard, RG Haymond, MW Darmaun, D AF Hankard, RG Haymond, MW Darmaun, D TI Role of glucose in the regulation of glutamine metabolism in health and in type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE leucine; isotope labeling; energy metabolism; substrate cycling; nutrition ID AMINO-ACID SYNTHESIS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; LEUCINE; HUMANS; KINETICS; PROTEIN; PRECURSOR; CHILDREN; ALANINE; GLYCINE AB To determine the effect of glucose availability on glutamine metabolism, glutamine kinetics were assessed under conditions of hyperglycemia resulting from 1) intravenous infusion of 7.5% dextrose in healthy adults and 2) insulin deficiency in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Eight healthy adults and five young adults with IDDM were studied in the postabsorptive state by use of a primed continuous infusion of D-[U-C-14] glucose, L-[5,5,5-H-2(3)]leucine, and L-[3,4-C-13] glutamine. Whether resulting from insulin deficiency or dextrose infusion, the rise in plasma glucose was associated with increased glucose turnover (23.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 12.9 +/- 0.3 mu mol.kg(-1).min(-1), P< 0.01 and 20.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 12.8 +/- 0.4 mu mol.kg(-1).min(-1), P = 0.03, in health and IDDM, respectively). In both cases, high blood glucose failed to alter glutamine appearance rate (Ra) into plasma [298 +/- 9 vs. 312 +/- 14 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1), not significant (NS) and 309 +/- 23 vs 296 +/- 26 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1), NS, in health and IDDM, respectively] and the estimated fraction of glutamine Ra arising from de novo synthesis (210 +/- 7 vs. 217 +/- 10 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1), NS and 210 +/- 16 vs. 207 +/- 21 mu mol.kg(-1). h(-1), NS, in health and IDDM, respectively). When compared with the euglycemic day, the apparent contribution of glucose to glutamine carbon skeleton increased when high plasma glucose resulted from intravenous dextrose infusion in healthy volunteers (10 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.3%, P< 0.01) but failed to do so when hyperglycemia resulted from insulin deficiency in IDDM. We conclude that 1) the contribution of glucose to the estimated rate of glutamine de novo synthesis does not increase when elevation of plasma glucose results from insulin deficiency, and 2) the transfer of carbon from glucose to glutamine may depend on insulin availability. C1 Hop Hotel Dieu, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, INSERM, U539, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. Nemours Childrens Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. Hop Robert Debre, Ctr Invest Clin, F-75019 Paris, France. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Darmaun, D (reprint author), Hop Hotel Dieu, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine, INSERM, U539, Pl Alexis Ricordeau,3 Etage Aile Nord, F-44093 Nantes 1, France. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-51477] NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 279 IS 3 BP E608 EP E613 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 345TB UT WOS:000088830300017 PM 10950829 ER PT J AU Lulai, EC AF Lulai, EC TI The effect of wound severity, type of tissue, and use of the tuber disk model system on arachidonic acid-induced rishitin accumulation in potato tuber SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum L.; phytoalexin; wound; rishitin ID PHYTOALEXIN ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE AB The wound response within damaged potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) must be a coordination of suberization with other resistance responses if infection is to be avoided. Previously, we showed that mound healing was affected by wound severity and consequently the type of tissue damaged within the tuber. Using arachidonic acid-induced accumulation of rishitin as a model for phytoalexin accumulation, we now demonstrate that this tuber resistance response is also influenced by wound severity and the type of tissue exposed to the elicitor. Kennebec and Reddale tubers that were superficially wounded by removing a thin tissue slice (0.75 mm thick) from the surface and then treated with the elicitor arachidonic acid produced significantly less rishitin than more severely wounded tubers (e.g., tubers cut in half) and excised tuber tissue disks (17 mm x 4 mm). Excised, elicitor-treated tuber tissues accumulated significantly more rishitin in cortical cells than in perimedullary and pith cells. Rishitin accumulation was routinely measured 96 h after wounding and was found to be declining by 144 h regardless of wound severity. Induction of rishitin accumulation was very localized with more than 80 % of the rishitin found within 0.75 mm of the treated wound. These results indicate that excised tuber tissue disks, often used as models in wound research, are not fully representative of intact tubers. Perhaps more important, the results show that superficial wounds of intact tubers, i.e., similar to shallow nick and abrasion type wounds typically incurred during harvest, accumulate very little rishitin. However, rishitin accumulation in the tuber disk model system is much greater than that found in superficially wounded tubers, but is similar to the accumulation that could be elicited in cut (seed) tubers. The complications contributed by these wound-related and tissue-specific interactions must be factored into the model system(s) used in describing the role(s) of phytoalexins in the broad framework of disease resistance for stored potatoes and cut seed. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lulai, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 303 EP 310 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 366PN UT WOS:000090013900004 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Knight, R Mhangami-Ruwende, B Trout, JM Da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ AF Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Knight, R Mhangami-Ruwende, B Trout, JM Da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ TI Mechanical transport and transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by wild filth flies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; DISSOLUTION METHOD; WATER SAMPLES; INFECTIVITY; MUSCIDAE; MANURE; HOSTS AB Over the course of six months wild filth Hies were collected from traps left for 7-10 days in a barn with or without a calf shedding Cryptosporidium parvum Genotype 2, oocysts in diarrheic feces. The oocysts of C. parvum transported on the flies' exoskeletons and eluted from their droplets left on visited surfaces es were infectious for mice. The mean number of oocysts carried by a fly varied from 4 to 131, and the total oocyst number per collection varied from 56 to approximately 4.56 X 10(3). Fly abundance and intensity of mechanical transmission of infectious C. parvum oocysts were positively correlated. and both increased significantly when an infected calf was in the barn. Molecular data showed that the oocysts shed by infected calves were carried by flies for at least 3 weeks. Filth flies can acquire infectious: C. parvum oocysts from unsanitary sites, deposit them on visited surfaces, and therefore may be involved in human or animal cryptosporidiosis. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 178 EP 183 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 437MG UT WOS:000168995000012 PM 11388511 ER PT J AU Holtzapple, CK Pishko, EJ Stanker, LH AF Holtzapple, CK Pishko, EJ Stanker, LH TI Separation and quantification of two fluoroquinolones in serum by on-line high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLUMN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COUPLED ONLINE; WATER; HPLC; IMMUNOASSAYS; AFLATOXINS; EXTRACTION AB To demonstrate that two structurally similar chemicals can be extracted from a complex matrix and then separated from each other on the basis of their relative affinities for an antibody, an automated column-sn;itching system was used, incorporating on-line, high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography (HPIAC), A high-affinity monoclonal antibody (Mab Sara-95) against the fluoroquinolone sarafloxacin was covalently cross-linked to a protein G column and used to capture fluoroquinolones in fortified serum samples, Interference from matrix components adhering nonspecifically to the column was minimized by the insertion of a protein G cleanup column between the injection port and the Mab Sara-95 derivatized HPIAC column. Upon injection, serum samples containing the fluoroquinolones passed through both columns. The cleanup column detained serum components, that otherwise would bind nonspecifically to the HPIAC column, but allowed the fluoroquinolones to pass through unhindered to the HPIAC column. The fluoroquinolones were then eluted from the HPIAC column according to their relative affinities for the antibody, and individual peaks were monitored using fluorescence detection. BS using an on-line cleanup column in tandem with an HPIAC column, the fluoroquinolones could be separated from the serum matrix and then separated from each other on the basis of their affinity for Mab Sara-95 without the use of organic solvents or reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). This method demonstrates true immunoaffinity separation of structurally related compounds in a complex matrix. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Holtzapple, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 72 IS 17 BP 4148 EP 4153 DI 10.1021/ac000065k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 351VJ UT WOS:000089178600034 PM 10994977 ER PT J AU Armbrust, DV Retta, A AF Armbrust, DV Retta, A TI Wind and sandblast damage to growing vegetation SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Article DE wind damage; plant characters; factors of damage; research needs ID WINDBLOWN SAND; PEARL-MILLET; TRANSPIRATION; PLANTS AB Wind erosion is a major problem on agricultural lands in much of North Africa, the Near East, parts of Asia, Australia, southern South America, and portions of North America, Particles moving in the wind stream damage plants by impact, burial, and exposure of plant roots. Reported effects of wind and sandblast damage are: reduced dry weight, leaf area, plant height, survival, photosynthesis, and quality and quantity of yield. Additional effects include increased respiration, delayed maturity, plant disease transmission, morphological, and anatomical changes. Future challenges to research on wind damage effects are: quantifying plant sandblast damage under field conditions, while including additional factors such as burial or removal of soil from around roots. Improved transducers are also needed for measuring the energy of windblown particle impacts. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Armbrust, DV (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 12 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 273 EP 284 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 484WH UT WOS:000171712200004 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Luchiari, A Zhang, R AF Wienhold, BJ Luchiari, A Zhang, R TI Challenges confronting soil management for dryland agriculture SO ANNALS OF ARID ZONE LA English DT Article DE sustainable agriculture; land degradation; soil conservation; nutrient management; cropping systems ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FOOD-PRODUCTION; USE EFFICIENCY; YIELD; WATER; FLUORESCENCE; QUALITY; TILLAGE; STORAGE AB Dryland cropping regions are present on every continent except Antarctica and represent major small grain producing regions as well as major food grain producing regions. As the human population continues to grow there will be greater demand for food, fiber, and biofuel production. Society is emphasizing the quality of production in addition to the quantity produced. Increased production will be needed at the same time land is being lost to urban encroachment and degradation resulting from wind and water erosion, physical and chemical degradation, and other competing uses (e.g., natural areas). Increased productivity will require efficient capture, storage, and use of precipitation and efficient utilization of all available nutrient resources. Tools for quantifying the spatial variability in soil properties affecting water dynamics, tools for sensing crop stresses that can be alleviated through management, and methods for quantifying the spatial variability in nutrient availability are needed. As efforts are undertaken to increase productivity under dryland conditions, practices that are sustainable and preserve biotic and abiotic natural resources will need to be developed and adopted by producers. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 122 Keim Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ARID ZONE RESEARCH ASSOC INDIA PI JODHPUR PA C.A.Z.R.I. CAMPUS, JODHPUR 342 003, INDIA SN 0570-1791 J9 ANN ARID ZONE JI Ann. Arid. Zone PD SEP PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 333 EP 346 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 484WH UT WOS:000171712200007 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG Passoa, S AF Pogue, MG Passoa, S TI Spodoptera ochrea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae): a new host record (Asparagus) from Peru and description of the female genitalia SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera; asparagus; plant hosts; pest; female genitalia AB Spodoptera ochrea (Hampson) was recently reared on a new host, asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), in Peru. Other host plants include cotton, tobacco, and potatoes in Peru. Distribution is restricted to the dry west coast of southern Ecuador and Peru. The female genitalia is illustrated and described for the first time. Additional records of asparagus feeding Spodoptera are discussed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Ohio State Univ, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect Quarantine, USDA, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1021 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1019:SOLNAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359VG UT WOS:000089632300002 ER PT J AU Shukle, RH AF Shukle, RH TI Molecular and cytological characterization of an actin gene from Hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; actin; codon usage; molecular markers ID SYNONYMOUS CODON CHOICE; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; RESPECTIVE CODONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN GENES AB A clone of the Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) gene Act5C was used to isolate an actin gene from a Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), genomic library in phage lambda. A combined molecular and cytological analysis with the Hessian fly actin gene (designated MdA1) was undertaken. The coding region of this gene was contiguous and encoded a protein that was 99% identical to the intersegmental muscle actins 57A and 87E from D. melanogaster. Additionally, the protein was >97% identical to the flight-muscle-specific actin 88E from D. melanogaster as well as muscle actins 1 and 2 from Bombyx mori (L.). Only the muscle actin 79B from D. melanogaster, a muscle actin in leg and thorax, showed <97% identity with actin 1 from Hessian fly. The actin 1 from Hessian ny shared less amino acid identity (94-95%) with the cytoplasmic actins from D. melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae (Giles), and B. mori, with differences occurring in a conserved region of the cytoplasmic actins proposed to function in interaction with actin binding proteins. These results are consistent with the Hessian fly MdA1 gene encoding a muscle actin. When compared with the D. melanogaster Act57A and Act87E genes, the Hessian ny MdA1 gene revealed 81% identity at the nucleotide level, with most of the variation associated with third-codon-position G+C content. The MdA1 gene also had a high degree of general synonymous codon usage bias as measured by scaled chi-square. Southern gel blot analyses as well as in situ hybridization on salivary polytene chromosomes with MdA1 as the probe revealed that a gene family with at least five members encodes the actins in Hessian fly. Future identification of promoters for actins from Hessian fly should prove useful for gene expression in transgenic constructs. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shukle, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1172 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1164:MACCOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359VG UT WOS:000089632300019 ER PT J AU Lance, DR McInnis, DO Rendon, P Jackson, CG AF Lance, DR McInnis, DO Rendon, P Jackson, CG TI Courtship among sterile and wild Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) in field cages in Hawaii and Guatemala SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; sterile insect technique; copulation; mating competitiveness ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; MASS-REARED MALES; FLIES DIPTERA; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; INSECT TECHNIQUE; MATING-BEHAVIOR; ERADICATION; SUPPRESSION; IRRADIATION; POPULATION AB Male-female interactions among three wild and three laboratory strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were observed on caged trees in Hawaii and Guatemala. Sterile and wild males appeared comparable at attracting wild and sterile females into their territories and initiating courtship. Wild females, though, consistently accepted courtship overtures of wild males more readily (copulation occurred in 28% of 199 interactions) than they accepted those of sterile males (8% of 261 interactions). Depending on the strains involved, wild females were more likely to reject sterile (versus wild) males during the male's courtship display, after the male mounted the female, or both. Sterile females accepted sterile males in 23.8% of 407 interactions and wild males in 26.1% of 257. Periodicity of mating behavior varied somewhat among strains, but sterile flies did not mate consistently earlier or later in the day than did wild flies. Less-than-desirable levels of mating compatibility between sterile and wild C. capitata appear to result primarily from the relatively low rates at which wild females accept courtship overtures of sterile males. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Hawaii Plant Protect Ctr, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Lance, DR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Bldg 1398, Otis ANG Base, MA 02542 USA. NR 33 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1179:CASAWC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359VG UT WOS:000089632300021 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Westervelt, D Randall, C Wilson, WT AF Elzen, PJ Baxter, JR Westervelt, D Randall, C Wilson, WT TI A scientific note on observations of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae), in Florida, USA SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; small hive beetle; biology C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), Florida Dept Agric, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 2 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 593 EP 594 DI 10.1051/apido:2000149 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 368CG UT WOS:000090099600004 ER PT J AU Collins, AM Sheppard, WS Shimanuki, H AF Collins, AM Sheppard, WS Shimanuki, H TI A scientific note on the identification of honey bee semen using a mitochondrial DNA marker SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE honey bee; drone; semen; mitochondrial DNA; Bgl II ID HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, 476 BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 595 EP 596 DI 10.1051/apido:2000150 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 368CG UT WOS:000090099600005 ER PT J AU Jourdan, AD Johnson, SC Wesley, IV AF Jourdan, AD Johnson, SC Wesley, IV TI Development of a fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease PCR assay for detection of the ail gene of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROGROUP O-3; IDENTIFICATION; TAQMAN; AMPLIFICATION; PROBE; FOOD; DNA; ENRICHMENT AB In this report we describe the development and evaluation of a fluorogenic PCR assay for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The assay targets the chromosomally encoded attachment and invasion gene, ail. Three primer-probe sets (TM1, TM2, and TM3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. All three primer-probe sets were able to detect between 0.25 and 0.5 pg of purified Y. enterocolitica DNA. TM1 identified all 26 Y. enterocolitica strains examined. TM3 was able to detect all strains except one, whereas TM2 was unable to detect 10 of the Y. enterocolitica strains tested. None of the primer-probe sets cross-reacted with any of the 21 non-Y. enterocolitica strains examined. When the TR II set was utilized, the fluorogenic PCR assay was able to detect less than or equal to 4 Y. enterocolitica CFU/ml in pure culture and 10 Y enterocolitica CFU/ml independent of the presence of 10(8) CFU of contaminating bacteria per mi. This set was also capable of detecting less than or equal to CFU of Y. enterocolitica per g of ground pork or feces after a 24-h enrichment in a Yersinia selective broth. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Mol Biol Resources, Milwaukee, WI 53218 USA. RP Jourdan, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 66 IS 9 BP 3750 EP 3755 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.9.3750-3755.2000 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 350NZ UT WOS:000089109200014 PM 10966386 ER PT J AU Rivera-Betancourt, M Keen, JE AF Rivera-Betancourt, M Keen, JE TI Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O26 and O111 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; O-ANTIGEN; GENE-CLUSTER; SEROTYPES; J5; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS; STRAINS; DISEASE; O157-H7 AB Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F5 reacted with 35 Escherichia call O26 isolates and cross-reacted with 1 of 365 non-E. coli O26 isolates. MAb 15C4 reacted with 30 E. coli O111 strains and 8 Salmonella O35 strains (possessing identical O antigen) but not with 362 other bacterial strains. Lipopolysaccharide immunoblots confirmed MAb O-antigen specificity. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 66 IS 9 BP 4124 EP 4127 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.9.4124-4127.2000 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 350NZ UT WOS:000089109200067 PM 10966439 ER PT J AU Gagliardi, JV Karns, JS AF Gagliardi, JV Karns, JS TI Leaching of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in diverse soils under various agricultural management practices (vol 66, pg 877, 2000) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gagliardi, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 66 IS 9 BP 4172 EP 4172 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.9.4172-4172.2000 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 350NZ UT WOS:000089109200079 ER PT J AU Sumner, HR Sumner, PE Mullinix, BG AF Sumner, HR Sumner, PE Mullinix, BG TI Injection pump frequency effect on sprayer uniformity SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE direct nozzle injection; fluorescence; injection frequency; pesticide application; spray nozzles; sprayers; uniformity ID BOOM AB The effect of four spray nozzle arrangements and injector pump frequency on uniformity along the spray path was evaluated using collector strings sprayed with fluorescent dye. Injector pump frequency and nozzle type were significant factors affecting spray deposit uniformity differences along the path(simulated crop rows). Low pump frequencies affected uniformity along the path less for cone nozzles with large wetted areas than for fan type nozzles, Injector pump frequencies of 300 rpm resulted in string fluorescence coefficient of variation (CV) values < 10. These CVs were not significantly different from CV values at pump frequencies of 1725 rpm. Uniformity of dye solution flow among adjacent nozzles(rows)was controlled by micro-tubes with injection ports near the spray nozzle at each ron! There were no significant differences among mean fluorescence of four strings on different rows each injected with dye flow rates of 30, 45 or 60 mL/min (1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 oz/min) through 1.3 nun (0.05 in.) I.D. tubing. A WRK String Analysis System was art acceptable method for determining effects of injection sprayer parameters on application uniformity along and among rows. C1 ARS, USDA, IBPMEL, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Stat Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Comp Serv, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sumner, HR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IBPMEL, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 362RU UT WOS:000089792700002 ER PT J AU Sumner, HR Rains, GC Sumner, PE AF Sumner, HR Rains, GC Sumner, PE TI String collectors to determine lag time of injection sprayers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE direct nozzle injection; fluorescent dye; injection systems; pesticide applications; sprayers; uniformity ID BOOM AB Evaluation of injection lag time of direct injection sprayers is an important issue for successful variable rate sprayer technology. The lag and charge times of direct injection into a spray boom and direct-nozzle-injection sprayer systems were determined using string collectors sprayed with fluorescent dye along the sprayer path. Evaluations in the laboratory with the strings system indicated that lag time was influenced by system flow rate and the volume of fluid in the sprayer distribution lines. Lag values determined with the cotton string collector method were closely correlated with the lag time calculated from line volumes and boom flows. Laboratory tests were also helpful in determining the number of nozzles that could be served from one injection point without excessive injection lag and charge times. C1 ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sumner, HR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 362RU UT WOS:000089792700003 ER PT J AU Barker, GL Pelletier, MG Laird, JW Brashears, AD AF Barker, GL Pelletier, MG Laird, JW Brashears, AD TI Comparison of mass flow rate sensors for ginning stripper-harvested cotton SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sensors; cotton gin; flow rate; process control; scales; microwave AB Real time mass flow sensors are needed at various locations' in the cotton gin if process control is to reach its full potential, Several devices, including belt scales, light array bars and a microwave flow meter were evaluated for their suitability in detecting the flow of cotton and the mass flow rates of stripper harvested cotton. The readout from the truck scales was used to provide the lot weight for the study. Although equipment problems prevented us from resting the accuracy of the scale units under varying rate conditions, these units should provide the most accurate method of measuring mass flow. The mechanical nature of the scale units, however limits their usefulness in commercial gins which use primarily pneumatic systems to convey the cotton. The microwave-based sensor was unsuitable for measuring mass flow but did provide art excellent indication of the presence of pow in the pneumatic pipes. The signal from the light bar array correlated very well with the mass flow rate of the cotton through the pipes (R-2 = 0.98) and requires only minor modifications to the pipes used to convey the cotton. All devices need estimates of moisture and trash content to improve accuracy. C1 ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Barker, GL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rt 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 477 EP 481 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 362RU UT WOS:000089792700004 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK AF Bjorneberg, DL Aase, JK TI Multiple polyacrylamide applications for controlling sprinkler irrigation runoff and erosion SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE runoff; soil erosion; polyacrylamide; sprinkler irrigation ID SOIL AMENDMENTS; INFILTRATION; ENERGY; WATER; POLYMERS; RAINFALL AB Runoff under sprinkler irrigation systems causes soil erosion and reduces water infiltration uniformity. Previou studies have shown that applying polyacrylamide (PMA) with irrigation water can reduce runoff and soil loss. We hypothesized that applying PAM with three consecutive irrigations would more effectively control runoff and erosion than applying the same total amount of PAM with a single irrigation. This study was conduced in the laboratory with a Rad silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocambid) at 6.5% slope. Water was applied at 80 mm h(-1) (3.2 in. h(-1)) for 10 min [13 mm (0.5 in.) application depth] for four irrigations. PAM was applied at 3 kg ha(-1) (2.7 lb a(-1)) with irrigation water during the initial irrigation (single) or at 1 kg ha(-1) (0.9 lb a(-1)) during the first three irrigations (multiple). Both multiple and single PAM treatments caused significantly less runoff than the control for all four irrigations. However, the multiple PAM treatment reduced runoff approximately 30% more than the single application during the last two irrigations. Applying PAM at 3 kg ha-1 (2.7 lb a-1) with one irrigation reduced cumulative soil loss by 60% compared to the control. Applying PAM at the same rate in three consecutive irrigations reduced cumulative soil loss by 80%. Both single and multiple PAM applications reduced runoff and soil loss, but multiple applications more effectively controlled Runoff longer than a single application. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 362RU UT WOS:000089792700007 ER PT J AU Chao, K Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Wheaten, FW AF Chao, K Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Wheaten, FW TI Design of a dual-camera system for poultry carcasses inspection SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE chicken; computer graphics; food safety; inspection; real-time system; machine vision AB Two dual-camera systems were developed for on-line inspection of poultry carcasses: one to image the front of the bird and the other to image the back. Each system consists of two identical black and white cameras equipped with interference filters of 540 nm and 700 nm. Both cameras capture spectral images simultaneously. Object-oriented analysis was performed to identify the attributes of individual software components and the relationships among these software components. these individual software components were then organized by the object patterns to form a software architectural framework for on-line image capture, off-line development of classification models, and on-line classification of carcasses into wholesome and unwholesome categories. Model development and testing was performed on 331 chickens independently classified by a veterinarian. For off-line model development, the accuracies for differentiating between wholesome and unwholesome carcasses were 96.2% and 88.5% at 540 nm and 700 nm, respectively: for the front images and 95.7% and 85.1% at 540 nm and 700 nm, respectively for the back images. On-line classification for 128 new samples combined the filter information within each system, using selected neural network models. The front imaging system gave accuracies of 91%, 98% and 95% for normal, abnormal and combined carcasses, respectively The back imaging system gave 84%, 100% and 92%. C1 ARS, USDA, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resource Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 581 EP 587 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 362RU UT WOS:000089792700016 ER PT J AU Slininger, PJ Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA Bothast, RJ AF Slininger, PJ Burkhead, KD Schisler, DA Bothast, RJ TI Isolation, identification, and accumulation of 2-acetamidophenol in liquid cultures of the wheat take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-2-79; STRAIN; GROWTH AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79 (NRRL B-15132) is a classic biological control agent known to produce phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) as its primary means of suppressing take-all disease of wheat. In addition to PCA, an unknown metabolite was discovered in a liquid culture used to produce the biocontrol agent. The objective of the current study was to isolate, identify, and evaluate the accumulation of this compound in production cultures. Upon centrifugal fractionation of a production culture, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analyses of extracts of the cells and cell-free supernatant indicated the compound to be primarily in the supernatant. Purified compound was obtained by extraction of culture supernatant, followed by flash chromatography of the extract and preparative TLC. The H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and electron impact mass spectra indicated the compound to be 2-acetamidophenol (AAP). Measured by reversed-phase HPLC, the accumulations of AAP and PCA in cultures of strain 2-79 reached 0.05 g/l and 1 g/l, respectively. The accumulations of AAP and PCA in liquid cultures were linearly correlated (P < 0.001), as shown by studies of cultures stimulated to yield varying levels of PCA by controlling levels of oxygen transfer, pH, and growth medium composition. In this study, oxygen limitation, a defined amino-acid-free medium, and neutral pH stimulated maximal production of both AAP and PCA. Furthermore, a transposon mutant of 2-79 [2A40 2-79 (phz-)] unable to produce PCA did not accumulate AAP. These findings indicate that ABP and PCA are likely to share a common segment of biosynthetic pathway. This is the first report of BAP production by a strain of P. fluorescens. Possible routes of AAP production are discussed relative to current knowledge of the phenazine biosynthetic pathway of strain 2-79. The pertinence of AAP to the design of commercial seed inoculants of phenazine-producing bacteria for controlling wheat take-all is also considered. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Slininger, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 376 EP 381 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 357PV UT WOS:000089510800014 PM 11030575 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Hakim, RS Martin, P Narang, N Goto, S Takeda, M AF Loeb, MJ Hakim, RS Martin, P Narang, N Goto, S Takeda, M TI Apoptosis in cultured midgut cells from Heliothis virescens larvae exposed to various conditions SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE midgut; Lepidoptera; apoptosis; Bacillus thuringiensis; tissue culture ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; STEM-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; DEATH; DIFFERENTIATION; LINE; INVERTEBRATES; PROLIFERATION AB We exposed midgut cells from primary cultures of Heliothis virescens larvae to cell-free previously used medium, the Vaughn X and HyQ SF(TM) media used for serum-free culture of insect cell lines which do not support H, virescens midgut cells, and to toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis, A statistically significant increase in the percent of dying cells was counted in cell populations in Vaughn X medium. Use of the TUNEL method to detect apoptosis indicated a low rate (7.2%) of apoptosis in control cultures grown in Heliothis medium, an increase to approximately 20% in previously used and HyQ SF(TM) media, and to approximately 45% of cells remaining after exposure to and initial destruction by B. thuringiensis toxin, Apoptotic nuclei were predominant (approximately 6%) in mature columnar cells in control cultures. Approximately 1% of goblet, stem, and differentiating cells were apoptotic, However, apoptosis rose to 12% in stem and differentiating cells exposed to used and unsuitable medium. B. thuringiensis exposure to toxin for 2-3 days resulted in visible membrane damage and necrosis, causing the death of 84% of the cells as measured by both the TUNEL and Annexin methods. Some of the columnar cells and stem and differentiating cells that remained also contained apoptotic nuclei, Stem and differentiating cells normally replace dying mature cells in the midgut. Thus, exposure of cultures of H, virescens midgut cells to adverse environments such as unsuitable or poisonous media appeared to induce down-regulation of the cell populations by apoptosis, Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol, 45:12-23, 2000, Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1002/1520-6327(200009)45:1<12::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-P PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 360WG UT WOS:000089689900002 PM 11015120 ER PT J AU Horst, R Prapong, S Reinhardt, T Koszewski, N Knutson, J Bishop, C AF Horst, R Prapong, S Reinhardt, T Koszewski, N Knutson, J Bishop, C TI Comparison of the relative effects of 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D-2 [1,24-(OH)(2)D-2], 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,24-(OH)(2)D-3], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25-(OH)(2)D-3] on selected vitamin D-regulated events in the rat SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D-2; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3; hypercalcemia; hypercalciuria ID ANALOG; 24-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D2; PHARMACOKINETICS; IDENTIFICATION; CALCIPOTRIOL; METABOLITES; EXTRACTION; ACID AB The present experiments were conducted to compare the relative hypercalciuric and hypercalcemic activities of 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D-2 [1,24-(OH)(2)D-2], 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,24-(OH)(2)D-3], and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25-(OH)(2)D-3] in 7-week-old rats. The rats were dosed orally with each sterol for 7 days at a rate of 1 ng/g body weight/day. We also monitored the effect of the three compounds on the induction of mRNA for CaATPase and for 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase in the kidney and intestine, on plasma vitamin D metabolite levels, and on the capacity to evoke modification in the vitamin D receptor/retinoic acid X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimer conformation. Plasma calcium was elevated in the rats treated with 1,24 (OH)(2)D-3 and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3, but not in the 1,24- (OH)(2)D-2-dosed rats. Urinary calcium was elevated significantly (relative to controls) in ail groups. The order of hypercalciuric activity was 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 greater than or equal to 1,24-(OH)(2)D-3 greater than or equal to 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2 > control. Duodenal plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) mRNA was elevated to a similar extent in all groups relative to controls. Duodenal 24-hydroxylase mRNA was elevated in all groups relative to controls; however, the elevations were significantly higher in the 1,24-(OH)(2)D-3 and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 groups compared with the 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2 group. Kidney 24-hydroxylase also was elevated significantly in the 1,24-(OH)(2)D-3- and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3-treated rats but not in the 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2-treated rats. Recombinant human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) extracts were incubated with saturating concentrations of 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2, 1,24-(OH)(2)D-3, and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and subsequently analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Overall binding was comparable for all metabolites; however, the 1,24 (OH)(2)D-2 complex exhibited distinctly altered mobility relative to 1,24-(OH)(2)D-3 and 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3, suggestive of an effect on hVDR/hRXR conformation. These data suggest that 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2 is not as potent as either of the vitamin D-3 sterols at affecting hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in young growing rats; however, 1,24-(OH)(2)D-2 can evoke other biological responses similar tc, the vitamin D-3 sterols. These different responses may be related to the alterations in conformation state of the hVDR/hRXR heterodimer. BIOCHEM PHARMACOL 60;5:701-705, 2000. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Bone Care Int, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Horst, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 60 IS 5 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00378-6 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 359DV UT WOS:000089597000012 PM 10927029 ER PT J AU Youdim, KA Shukitt-Hale, B MacKinnon, S Kalt, W Joseph, JA AF Youdim, KA Shukitt-Hale, B MacKinnon, S Kalt, W Joseph, JA TI Polyphenolics enhance red blood cell resistance to oxidative stress: in vitro and in vivo SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE polyphenolic; anthocyanin; plasma; absorption; oxidative stress; red blood cell ID DIETARY CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NF-KAPPA-B; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VITRO; FLAVONOIDS; RATS AB In this study we investigated the potential antioxidant properties of blueberry polyphenolics in vitro and vivo, using red blood cell (RBC) resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the model. In vitro incubation with anthocyanins or hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) (0.5 and 0.05 mg/ml) was found to enhance significantly RBC resistance to H2O2 (100 mu M) induced ROS production. This protection was also observed in vivo following oral supplementation to rats at 100 mg/ml. However, only anthocyanins were found to afford protection at a significant level, this at 6 and 24 h post supplementation. This protection was not consistent with the measured plasma levels of anthocyanins. Indeed, plasma polyphenolic concentrations were highest after 1 h, declining considerably after 6 h and not detected after 24 h. The difference in absorption between anthocyanins and HCA is likely to have contributed to the observed difference in their abilities to afford protection to RBC. This protection represents a positive role following dietary consumption of polyphenolics from blueberries, against ROS formation within RBC in vivo. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Youdim, KA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 46 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 1523 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0304-4165(00)00109-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 364XZ UT WOS:000089920500015 PM 11099865 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Lacey, LA Reid, AP Herard, F Pilarska, D Danova, E Tomov, R Kaya, HK AF Vega, FE Lacey, LA Reid, AP Herard, F Pilarska, D Danova, E Tomov, R Kaya, HK TI Infectivity of a Bulgarian and an American strain of Steinernema carpocapsae against codling moth SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; codling moth; entomopathogenic nematodes; Cydia pomonella; Steinernema carpocapsae ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; TORTRICIDAE; TEMPERATURE AB A strain of Steinernema carpocapsae obtained from overwintering codling moths collected in Bulgaria was identified to species using the polymerase chain reaction. The infectivity of this strain towards codling moth prepupae was compared to that of a U.S. strain at three temperatures (11, 15 and 20 degrees C). Infectivity was low at 11 degrees C with 8% mortality recorded for both strains. Mortality was 61% and 62% at 15 degrees C, and 82% and 81% at 20 degrees C for the Bulgarian and U.S. strain, respectively. The mean percent mortality at each individual temperature was significantly different from each other when mortalities of the two strains were combined. Thus, the Bulgarian strain did not provide a low temperature infectivity advantage compared to the U.S. strain. C1 ARS, European Biol Control Lab, USDA, Montferrier Sur Lez, France. ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA USA. CABI Biosci, Surrey, England. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Bldg 011A,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Tomov, Rumen/Q-3969-2016; OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD SEP PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1023/A:1009979222466 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 354NK UT WOS:000089336400007 ER PT J AU Porter, SD AF Porter, SD TI Host specificity and risk assessment of releasing the decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus as a classical biocontrol agent for imported fire ants SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Phoridae; Pseudacteon curvatus; P. onyx; P. spatulatus; Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; S. geminata; S. xyloni; Argentina; United States; Apocephalus spp.; parasitoid; classical biological control; host preference ID FLIES DIPTERA; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PHORIDAE; PARASITOIDS; INVASION; POLYGYNE; PATTERNS AB Host specificity of the decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus was studied to determine whether this species is suitable for release as a classical biocontrol agent of imported fire ants in the United States. A series of no-choice tests with 19 species of ants from 12 genera showed that P. curvatus will not develop in ants outside the genus Solenopsis. P. curvatus successfully parasitized the native fire ants Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis xyloni in no-choice tests, but rates of parasitism were considerably less than those with the imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (6 and 35% of the rate for S. invicta, respectively). Paired preference tests showed that P. curvatus has a three- to fourfold preference for S. invicta over either of the native fire ants. Furthermore, flies reared from native fire ants still strongly preferred imported fire ants. P. curvatus was not attracted to vegetables, fruits, meat, prepared foods, carrion, or dung. This study indicates that release of P. curvatus poses only a small risk to native fire ants. The argument is made that this risk needs to be balanced against potential benefits to numerous other native organisms and a high probability that release of this fly will actually benefit native fire ants because impacts on imported fire ants will almost certainly be much greater than those on native fire ants. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM sdp@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 84 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1006/bcon.2000.0843 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 351EF UT WOS:000089144300005 ER PT J AU Maredia, KM Erbisch, FH Sampaio, MJ AF Maredia, KM Erbisch, FH Sampaio, MJ TI Technology transfer offices for developing countries SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT MONITOR LA English DT Article AB It is claimed that modern biotechnology addresses many of today's problems in agriculture, food production, medicine and environmental quality. However, most of the new and emerging biotechnologies reside with private sector companies in the industrialized world. Technology transfer offices may contribute to the accessing, handling and management of these new technologies for developing countries. C1 Michigan State Univ, Inst Int Agr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Off Intellectual Property, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, EMBRAPA Labex, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNOLOGY DEV MONITOR PI AMSTERDAM PA UNIV AMSTERDAM DEPT INT RELAT PUBLIC INT LAW OUDEZIJDS ACHTERBURGWAL 237, 1012 DL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-9877 J9 BIOTECHNOL DEV MONIT JI Biotechnol. Dev. Monit. PD SEP PY 2000 IS 43 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 372QR UT WOS:000165245600005 ER PT J AU Langub, MC Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Malluche, HH Koszewski, NJ AF Langub, MC Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Malluche, HH Koszewski, NJ TI Characterization of vitamin D receptor immunoreactivity in human bone cells SO BONE LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemical; VDR; calcitriol; bone; osteoclasts; antiserum ID 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 RECEPTOR; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; STROMAL CELLS; BINDING; RAT; OSTEOCLASTS; ANTIBODIES; D-3; VDR AB The present study examined the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in adult human bone by immunohistochemical analysis. Antiserum from goats immunized with an N-terminal rat VDR peptide? was purified by affinity chromatography, The purified antiserum recognized both endogenous rat and recombinant human VDR in Western blots, The purified antiserum was also able to specifically supershift the recombinant human VDR when analyzed in mobility shift assays. Immunohistochemical analysis of MG-63 cells, a human osteoblastic cell line known to express the VDR, revealed prominent staining over the nuclei of these cells. Immunostaining was greatly attenuated in the presence of an excess of the immunizing peptide. Analysis of bone biopsy samples from 16 normal human subjects immunostained for VDR protein showed strong, immunopositive staining over bone tells, particularly osteoblasts, in keeping with prior studies, In addition, there was significant immunoreactivity observed in nuclei of osteoclasts, lining cells and scattered bone marrow stromal cells of the adult human bone, Results showed that 298 osteoblasts out of 808 (36.9%) examined were immunopositive, It was also observed that 29 osteoclasts out of 125 (23%) contained VDR immunoreactivity. The ability to detect VDR in osteoclasts and stromal cell populations suggests that in addition to regulating osteoblast function, these other cell types are also direct targets of the hormone's action. These results demonstrate the utility of this purified antiserum in detecting the VDR in a variety of molecular techniques and should prove useful in examining receptor expression in various pathological conditions. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol Bone & Mineral Metab, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Nephrol Bone & Mineral Metab, 800 Rose St,Room MN579, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM clangub@pop.uky.edu RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK54276, DK51530] NR 20 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 EI 1873-2763 J9 BONE JI Bone PD SEP PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00335-5 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 354DE UT WOS:000089313900009 PM 10962349 ER PT J AU Powell, JA Jenkins, JL Logan, JA Bentz, BJ AF Powell, JA Jenkins, JL Logan, JA Bentz, BJ TI Seasonal temperature alone can synchronize life cycles SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; SIMULATION; MODEL AB In this paper we discuss the effects of yearly temperature variation on the development and seasonal occurrence of poikiliothermic organisms with multiple life stages. The study of voltinism in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), an important forest insect living in extreme temperature environments and exhibiting no diapause, provides a motivational example. Using a minimal model for the rates of aging it is shown that seasonal temperature variation and minimal stage-specific differences in rates of aging are sufficient to create stable uni- and multi-voltine oviposition cycles. In fact, these cycles are attracting and therefore provide an exogenous mechanism for synchronizing whole populations of organisms. Structural stability arguments are used to extend the results to more general life systems. (C) 2000 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 977 EP 998 DI 10.1006/bulm.2000.0192 PG 22 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 359DD UT WOS:000089595500008 PM 11016093 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL Lee, DC AF Thompson, WL Lee, DC TI Modeling relationships between landscape-level attributes and snorkel counts of chinook salmon and steelhead parr in Idaho SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; STREAM; ABUNDANCE; COLUMBIA; HABITAT; TROUT AB Knowledge of environmental factors impacting anadromous salmonids in their freshwater habitats, particularly at large spatial scales, may be important for restoring them to previously recorded levels in the northwestern United States. Consequently, we used existing data sets and an information-theoretic approach to model landscape-level attributes and snorkel count categories of spring-summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) parr within index areas in Idaho. Count categories of chinook salmon parr were negatively related to geometric mean road density and positively related to mean annual precipitation, whereas those for steelhead parr were negatively related to percent unconsolidated lithology. Our models predicted that chinook salmon parr would be in low count categories within subwatersheds with > 1 km.km(-2) geometric mean road densities and (or) < 700 mm mean annual precipitation. Similarly, steelhead parr were predicted to be in low count categories in subwatersheds with > 30% unconsolidated lithology. These results provide a starting point for fish biologists and managers attempting to map approximate status and quality of rearing habitats for chinook salmon and steelhead at large spatial scales. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Thompson, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1834 EP 1842 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-9-1834 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 349FV UT WOS:000089033700008 ER PT J AU Hof, J Bevers, M AF Hof, J Bevers, M TI Optimal timber harvest scheduling with spatially defined sediment objectives SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALLOCATION AB This note presents a simple model formulation that focuses on the spatial relationships over time between timber harvesting and sediment levels in water runoff courses throughout the watershed being managed. A hypothetical example is developed to demonstrate the formulation and show how sediment objectives can be spatially defined anywhere in the watershed. Spatial sensitivity in the example is shown, indicating that, at least in some cases, tracking sediment levels below a watershed may be inadequate for achieving sediment objectives within the watershed itself. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150A Ctr Ave,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1494 EP 1500 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1494 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357WP UT WOS:000089524000017 ER PT J AU Horsley, SB Long, RP Bailey, SW Hallett, RA Hall, TJ AF Horsley, SB Long, RP Bailey, SW Hallett, RA Hall, TJ TI Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ACER-SACCHARUM; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; SOUTHEASTERN QUEBEC; NORTHERN VERMONT; CROWN CONDITION; FOREST; SOIL; DIEBACK; GROWTH; STANDS AB Mortality of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has reached unusually high levels across northern Pennsylvania since the early to mid-1980s. We evaluated the influence of glaciation, topographic position, foliage chemistry, defoliation history, and stand characteristics (species composition, structure, density) on the health of sugar maple in 43 stands at 19 sites on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Using percent dead sugar maple basal area as the measure of health, we found that all moderately to severely declining stands were on unglaciated summits, shoulders, or upper backslopes. Stands on glaciated sites and unglaciated lower topographic positions were not declining. The most important factors associated with sugar maple health were foliar levels of Mg and Mn and defoliation history. The lowest foliar Mg, highest foliar Mn, and highest number and severity of insect defoliations were associated with unglaciated summits, shoulders, and upper backslopes. Declining stands had less than 700 mg,kg(1) Mg and two or more moderate to severe defoliations in the past 10 years; both conditions were associated with moderately to severely declining stands. The decline disease of sugar maple seems to result from an interaction between Mg (and perhaps Mn) nutrition and stress caused by defoliation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Penn Dept Conservat, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. Nat Prod Div Forest Pest Management, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. RP Horsley, SB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM shorsley@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 80 TC 164 Z9 170 U1 3 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1365 EP 1378 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1365 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357WP UT WOS:000089524000003 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Poth, MA Schilling, SL Grainger, DB AF Fenn, ME Poth, MA Schilling, SL Grainger, DB TI Throughfall and fog deposition of nitrogen and sulfur at an N-limited and N-saturated site in the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ELEVATION FOREST; NITRIC-ACID VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; PONDEROSA PINE; DRY DEPOSITION; JEFFREY PINE; POLLUTANT DEPOSITION; GABRIEL MOUNTAINS; WET DEPOSITION; AREA INDEX AB Inorganic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition in bulk throughfall and fog were determined at two sites located at opposite ends (42 km apart) of a pollution gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains. Plot-level averages for total annual N and S deposition in throughfall in 1996 were 18.8 and 2.9 kg,ha(1), respectively, at Camp Paivika (CP) and 2.9 and 0.4 kg,ha(1), respectively, at Barton Flats (BF). Deposition of N in throughfall in the four transects at CP ranged from 12.1 to 31.7 kg,ha(1)year(1). Spatial variability was high because of heterogenous canopy cover and varying exposure to air pollution. Annual estimated stand-level deposition of N and S in fog were 10.9 and 1.9 kg,ha(1), respectively, at CP, and 0.6 and 0.2 kg,ha(1), respectively, at BF. We estimated that N deposition in fog contributed 35% of the total annual N deposition at CP and 13% at BF. Analogous values for S were 39% at CP and 26% at BF. Ammonium deposition in throughfall and fog at CP were 72 and 122% as high as NO3- deposition because of elevated NH3 emissions from dairy farms in the Chino-Norco area 34 km southwest of CP. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 60 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1476 EP 1488 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1476 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 357WP UT WOS:000089524000015 ER PT J AU Nettleton, WD Olson, CG Wysocki, DA AF Nettleton, WD Olson, CG Wysocki, DA TI Paleosol classification: Problems and solutions SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Working Meeting on Paleopedology CY SEP, 1997 CL RAUISCHHOLZHAUSEN CALTLE, GERMANY SP INQUA, Commiss VI, Paleopedol, IUSS, Commiss V, Soil Genesis, Classificat & Cartog DE paleosol; paleoenvironment; property-based classification system ID STRATIGRAPHY; CLIMATE AB Paleosols are soils that formed on landscapes of the geologic past. Three kinds exist - buried, exhumed, and relict. To help reconstruct paleoenvironments and for ease of comparison, we suggest a property-based classification system linked to genetic processes. We use enduring properties because alteration of paleosols following burial is common. Morphological properties such as horizonation, soil fabric, root and worm casts, and redoximorphic features are resistant to alteration and thus are valuable as criteria. Field-observable and micromorphological properties, degree of weathering, and proportion of resistant minerals are also useful as criteria for paleosol orders. Total chemical analysis provides a proxy measure for base saturation and clay mineralogy. We use proxy criteria to help classify paleosols that have changed markedly or have been lithified during or after burial. To an earlier version of the system, we add two new orders and include buried, relict, lithified, and exhumed units at the suborder level. Our system clearly separates paleosol taxon names from those of all ground soils. We use the prescript paleo- at the order level, and kryptic to designate the buried, enduric to designate the relict, lithic to designate the lithified, and emergent to designate the exhumed paleosol suborders. We use prescript modifiers to describe the physical characteristics of the paleosols and postscripts for parent material origin and the extensiveness of the paleosol landscape. We present data and classify a number of paleosols as examples of the system. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Olson, CG (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NSSC, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 63 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD SEP PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 61 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00109-0 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 341LM UT WOS:000088591900005 ER PT J AU Candole, BL Siebenmorgen, TJ Lee, FN Cartwright, RD AF Candole, BL Siebenmorgen, TJ Lee, FN Cartwright, RD TI Effect of rice blast and sheath blight on physical properties of selected rice cultivars SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE ADSORPTION; ROUGH RICE; YIELD; SEVERITY AB Observations in 1997 indicated a significant reduction in kernel bulk density and head rice yield of rice cultivar LaGrue due to blast (Pyricularia grisea). A more detailed study on rice cultivar M202 in 1998 confirmed such observations but it also showed negative effects of blast on other physical properties of rice. Rough rice from blast-infected panicles was drier by 7-10 percentage points and 10% thinner than rough rice from blast-free panicles. Blast also caused incidences of chalky, unfilled, and fissured kernels that were 21, 30, and 7 percentage points higher, respectively. The effects of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) on kernel thickness and moisture content of rice cultivars Cocodrie, Cypress, Drew, and LaGrue were similar to the effect of blast on M202. Sheath blight generally reduced kernel bulk density but did not significantly affect head rice yield of the cultivars in 1997 and 1998 (except in one sample of Drew). There was a general trend toward higher incidences of unfilled, chalky, and fissured kernels in sheath-blight-infected samples. The data indicated that blast could be a significant preharvest factor in causing high variability in physical properties as well as in reducing the milling quality of rice. Sheath blight is also a potentially significant preharvest factor in affecting these properties in situations where sheath blight pressure is high. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, USDA, Cooperat Extens Serv, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Siebenmorgen, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.535 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700003 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Chung, OK AF Ohm, JB Chung, OK TI NIR transmittance estimation of free lipid content and its glycolipid and digalactosyldiglyceride contents using wheat flour lipid extracts SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WINTER WHEATS; SPECTRA; BREADMAKING AB Free lipids (FL) in 72 hard winter wheat flours were extracted and dissolved in hexane. Absorbance (log 1/T) values were measured using a scanning spectrophotometer with a 2-mm cuvette, and used to develop calibration models for estimating flour FL content and glycolipid (GL) and digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG) contents. Fifty-one calibration samples were selected based on the cutoff point of 0.3 of Mahalanobis distance, and the remaining twenty-one samples were used for validation. The best model for the estimation of FL content showed coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.95 for the calibration set and R-2 = 0.89 for the validation set. Glycolipid contents could be estimated by a model which had R-2 = 0.87 for the calibration set and R-2 = 0.89 for the validation set. For DGDG, the best model showed R-2 = 0.94 for the calibration set and R-2 = 0.88 for the validation set. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 556 EP 559 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.556 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700007 ER PT J AU Singh, V Doner, LW Johnston, DB Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR AF Singh, V Doner, LW Johnston, DB Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR TI Comparison of coarse and fine corn fiber for corn fiber gum yields and sugar profiles SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 560 EP 561 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.560 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700008 ER PT J AU Mikola, M Jones, BL AF Mikola, M Jones, BL TI Characterization of oat endoproteinases that hydrolyze oat globulins SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; GERMINATING BARLEY; STARCHY ENDOSPERM; GREEN MALT; PURIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; ALEURONE; GRAINS; SEEDS AB During the germination of oats, the major seed storage proteins (globulins) are hydrolyzed by endoproteinases. We have used two methods to characterize these endoproteinases. A qualitative PAGE method that used oat globulins as gel-incorporated substrates was used to determine which enzymes hydrolyzed the globulins. The proteolytic hydrolysis products were studied by hydrolyzing the globulins in vitro with the endoproteinases and analyzing the products by SDS-PAGE. Class-specific proteinase inhibitors were used to show that the globulin hydrolyzing enzymes were cysteine-class proteinases. The proteinases were active at pH 3.8. Using the gel analysis method, a little activity was present at the beginning of seed germination, but the major activity only appeared on the sixth day of germination. Extracts from four-day germinated oats contained cysteine proteinases that hydrolyzed the globulins in vitro to form a polypeptide of intermediate size (MW approximate to 34,500). Cysteine proteases from an eight-day germinated sample totally hydrolyzed the globulins in <1 hr. Very little hydrolysis occurred at pH 6.2, the pH of germinated oats endosperm tissue. The fact that hydrolysis occurred quickly at pH 3.8 implies that there is probably pH compartmentalization within the endosperm, with some areas of the seed having a low pH value where the globulins can be degraded. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Mikola, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.572 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700011 ER PT J AU DuPont, FM Vensel, WH Chan, R Kasarda, DD AF DuPont, FM Vensel, WH Chan, R Kasarda, DD TI Characterization of the 1B-type omega-gliadins from Triticum aestivum cultivar Butte SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; C-HORDEIN; WHEAT; PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; HELIX; COMPONENTS; QUALITY; BARLEY AB omega-Gliadins were purified from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Butte') flour and characterized. Although reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) separated the 1B-encoded omega-gliadins into two fractions, 1B1 and 1B2, these fractions had nearly identical amino acid compositions, three similar protein bands in SDS-PAGE, 10 similar spots in two-dimensional PAGE, and two similar N-terminal amino acid sequences. The main components had a range in mass of 48,900-51,500 when estimated by mass spectrometry, significantly less than the mass estimated by SDS-PAGE. The 1B fractions were digested with thermolysin, the peptides were separated by RP-HPLC, the peptide mass was determined, and nine peptides from each fraction were sequenced with nearly identical results for the 1B1 and 1B2 digests. A possible consensus sequence of the 1B-encoded omega-gliadin internal repeat was QQQXP, where X was F, I, or L in descending order of occurrence. The 1D-encoded omega-gliadins were purified by RP-HPLC as a single fraction that had one band in SDS-PAGE, two spots in two-dimensional PAGE, two components with mass of 41,923 and 42,770 detected by mass spectrometry, and two N-terminal sequences. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra for the 1B and 1D omega-gliadins were similar and were suggestive of mainly flexible random structure with a significant amount of the left-handed polyproline II helical conformation in the 1D components. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 39 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.607 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700017 ER PT J AU Wahjudi, J Xu, L Wang, P Singh, V Buriak, P Rausch, KD McAloo, AJ Tumbleson, ME Eckhoff, SR AF Wahjudi, J Xu, L Wang, P Singh, V Buriak, P Rausch, KD McAloo, AJ Tumbleson, ME Eckhoff, SR TI Quick fiber process: Effect of mash temperature, dry solids, and residual germ on fiber yield and purity SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN FIBER; RECOVERY; OIL AB Preliminary calculations showed that recovery of fiber before fermentation in the dry grind ethanol facilities known as the Quick Fiber process increases fermenter capacity and reduces ethanol production cost by as much as 4 cent/gal. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the effect of mash temperature, dry solids, and residual germ on fiber yield and purity when using the quick fiber process. Fiber was recovered by flotation and skimming, while maintaining a specified temperature, dry solids, and residual germ in the mash. Varying temperature and dry solids in the mash resulted in a statistically significant effect on the fiber yield, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and weight of NDF/100 g of dry corn. Varying residual germ in the mash resulted in statistically significant differences for NDF through dilution and the weight of NDF/100 g of dry corn. The highest fiber yield was 10.9% at 45 degrees C, 23% dry solids, and 15% residual germ; the highest NDF was 50.9% at 30 degrees C, 21% dry solids, and 0% residual germ. The highest weight of NDF/100 g of dry corn was observed at 45 degrees C, 23% dry solids, and 0% residual germ. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Wahjudi, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.640 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700022 ER PT J AU Singh, V Moreau, RA Haken, AE Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR AF Singh, V Moreau, RA Haken, AE Hicks, KB Eckhoff, SR TI Effect of various acids and sulfites in steep solution on yields and composition of corn fiber and corn fiber oil SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID; RECOVERY AB The addition of six acids (organic and inorganic) and four sulfite compounds (including gaseous SO2) during the conventional corn wet-milling steeping process of two yellow dent corn hybrids were evaluated for the effect on corn fiber yield, corn fiber oil yield, and the composition of three phytosterol compounds (ferulate phytosterol esters [FPE], free phytosterols [St], and phytosterol fatty acyl esters [St:EI) in the corn fiber oil. No significant effect of different sulfite compounds and acids were observed on corn fiber yields. However, a significant effect was observed on corn fiber oil yield and the composition of corn fiber oil for phytosterol compounds. Three of the sulfite compounds (including gaseous SO2) caused very little effect on the levels of phytosterol compounds compared with the control sample (corn steeped with sodium metabisulfite and lactic acid). However, for one hybrid, ammonium sulfite gave a significantly higher yield of FPE and St:E and had no effect on the yield of St. For the other hybrid, it gave a significantly higher yield of FPE and had no effect on the yield of St and St:E compared with the control sample. This indicates that the effect of these sulfite compounds on yields of these phytosterol compounds in corn fiber oil is probably hybrid-dependent. No significant effect of acids was observed on corn fiber yields, but significant effects were observed on corn fiber oil yields and yields of phytosterol compounds in the corn fiber oil. The effect also seems to be hybrid-dependent because different acids affected the two hybrids differently. Overall, it seems that weak acids have a positive effect on increasing the individual phytosterol compounds in the corn fiber. When comparing the effect of experimental acids and sulfites on the two hybrids, acids have a more positive effect than sulfites in increasing the yield of phytosterol compounds in corn fiber oil. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.665 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700026 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS McClung, AM Champagne, ET AF Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS McClung, AM Champagne, ET TI Rice quality by spectroscopic analysis: Precision of three spectral regions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS; GRAIN MILLED SAMPLES; COOKED RICE AB Three types of spectroscopy were used to examine rice quality: near infrared (NIR), Raman, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR). Samples from 96 rice cultivars were tested. Protein, amylose, transparency, alkali spreading values, whiteness, and degree of milling were measured by standard techniques and the values were regressed against NIR and Raman spectra data. The NMR spectra were used for a qualitative or semiquantitative assessment of the amylose/amylopectin ratio by determining the 1-4 to 1-6 ratio for glucans. Protein can be measured by almost any instrument in any configuration because of the strong relationship between the spectral response and the precision of the reference method. Amylose has an equally strong relationship to the vibrational spectra, but its determination by any reference method is far less precise, resulting in a 10x increase in the standard error of cross-validation (SECv) or standard error of performance (SEP) with R-2 values equal to that of the protein measurement. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.669 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700027 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Chow, FI AF Kahlon, TS Chow, FI TI Lipidemic response of hamsters to rice bran, uncooked or processed white and brown rice, and processed corn starch SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STARCH; OAT BRAN; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; WHEAT BRAN; CHOLESTEROL; OIL; FRACTIONS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; BARLEY AB This study was undertaken to evaluate the lipidemic response of rice bran and the possible enhancement of its healthful properties by using raw or processed white or brown rice in place of corn starch. All diets contained 10% total dietary fiber, 15% fat, and 0.5% cholesterol. Weanling male golden Syrian hamsters were fed cellulose control (CC), processed corn starch (PCS), cellulose with processed brown rice (CPBR), rice bran (RB), RE with white rice (RBWR), RE with processed white rice (RBPWR), RE with brown rice (RBBR), and RE with processed brown rice (RBPBR) diets. After three weeks, the PCS diet significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol (TC) compared with the CC, CPBR, RBWR, and RBPBR diets. RE and RBBR diets significantly lowered TC and LDL-C compared with CPBR diet. All the RE-containing and PCS diets significantly lowered liver cholesterol and liver lipid content. Processing white rice increased TDF content 240% and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 360%, whereas soluble dietary fiber (SDF) decreased by 25%. Uncooked brown rice contained 7 times as much TDF as uncooked white rice. Processing brown rice decreased its TDF, IDF and SDF contents by 12, 6, and 42%, respectively. The data suggest that a possible mechanism for cholesterol-lowering by rice bran, with or without added raw or processed rice (white or brown), is by decreasing lipid digestibility and increasing neutral sterol excretion, whereas cholesterol-lowering by processed corn starch is mediated through other mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.673 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700028 ER PT J AU Singh, V Moreau, RA Haken, AE Eckhoff, SR Hicks, KB AF Singh, V Moreau, RA Haken, AE Eckhoff, SR Hicks, KB TI Hybrid variability and effect of growth location on corn fiber yields and corn fiber oil composition SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The variability in commercial corn hybrids for corn fiber yields, amounts of extractable oil, and levels of individual and total phytosterol components in corn fiber oil was determined. Also, the effect of growth location on fiber yields, fiber oil content, and the levels of individual and total phytosterol compounds was determined. Significant variation was observed in the commercial hybrids for fiber yield (13.2-16.6%) and fiber oil yield (0.9-2.4%). No significant correlation was observed between fiber and oil yields. Significant variations in the commercial corn hybrids were also observed in the individual phytosterol compounds in corn fiber oil: 2.9-9.2% for ferulate phytosterol esters (FPE); 1.9-4.3% for free phytosterols (St); and 6.5-9.5% for phytosterol fatty acyl esters (St:E). Positive correlations were observed among the three phytosterol compounds in the corn fiber oil (R = 0.75 for FPE and St:E; 0.48 for St:E and St; and 0.68 for FPE and St). The effect of location on dependent variables was also significant. The same hybrids grown at different locations showed a variation (range) of 4.0-17.5% for FPE, 4.9-12.2% for St:E, and 1.95-4.45% for St. Relative ranking of hybrids with respect to phytosterol composition was consistent for almost all of the growth locations. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Eckhoff, Steven/F-2505-2010; OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.5.692 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355WC UT WOS:000089410700031 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, RD TI Pesticide regulation in the 21st century SO CHEMICAL INNOVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM don@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1527-4799 J9 CHEM INNOV JI Chem. Innov. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 349PW UT WOS:000089055700007 ER PT J AU Komadel, P Madejova, J Laird, DA Xia, Y Stucki, JW AF Komadel, P Madejova, J Laird, DA Xia, Y Stucki, JW TI Reduction of Fe(III) in griffithite SO CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE griffithite; smeetite; saponite; nontronite ID ACID TREATMENT; SAPONITE; IRON; NONTRONITE; CLAYS; SMECTITE; SPECTROSCOPY; REOXIDATION; SILICATES; SURFACE AB Griffithite is a trioctahedral smectite with dioctahedral domains, found in the <2 mu m Fraction of weathered basic rock from Griffith Park, California, USA. Crystalline admixtures (albite, calcite, quartz and maghemite) are concentrated in the 0.2-2 mu m fraction, while the <0.06 mu m fraction contains only trace amounts of other minerals. Griffithite is primarily an Fe-rich saponite with negative charge located in the tetrahedral sheers. The octahedral occupancy is similar to 91%, and similar to 26% of the octahedra contain trivalent atoms imparting a net positive charge to the octahedral sheet. Medium levels of Fe(III) reduction in griffithite, up to 60% of total Fe, can be achieved by adding solid sodium diihionite to clay dispersions in a citrate-bicarbonate buffer. By contrast >90% reduction of Fr(III) to Fe(Il) is achieved in nontronites using the same method. The lower reducibility of Fe(LII) in griffithite relative to nontronites may be due to structural differences between griffithite and nontronites, such as a more negative tetrahedral charge and a positive octahedral charge. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Komadel, P (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0009-8558 J9 CLAY MINER JI Clay Min. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1180/000985500547089 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy GA 346MW UT WOS:000088876500002 ER PT J AU Zettler, JL Arthur, FH AF Zettler, JL Arthur, FH TI Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE fumigation; insecticides; surface treatments; environment; pest control; IPM ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; CYFLUTHRIN WETTABLE POWDER; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SHORT-TIME INTERVALS; PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; MALATHION RESISTANCE; CONFUSUM COLEOPTERA; TREATED SURFACES; CARBONYL SULFIDE; METHYL-BROMIDE AB Integrated pest management (IPM) programs that eliminate infestations and prevent economic damage in raw commodities, food storage facilities, and milling and processing plants typically involve chemicals. They are preferred because they are often the cheapest and most efficient strategies available. When evaluating pesticides, it is important to recognize the biological and environmental factors that can affect pesticide efficacy so the insecticide can be effectively used in control programs. We illustrate these concepts with data from research studies with cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide used as a residual surface treatment, and with data from developmental research with new fumigants. These chemical pesticides and others like them could have specific applications and strategies in an IPM program for post harvest pests well into the 21st Century. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. USDA ARS, US Grain Mkt Res Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zettler, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 50 TC 108 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 8-10 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00075-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373QV UT WOS:000165301100008 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Romagni, JG Dayan, FE AF Duke, SO Romagni, JG Dayan, FE TI Natural products as sources for new mechanisms of herbicidal action SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE natural products; herbicides; mode of action ID WORMWOOD ARTEMISIA-ANNUA; F SP LYCOPERSICI; AAL-TOXIN; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POTENTIAL HERBICIDES; LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHYTOTOXICITY AB New mechanisms of action for herbicides are highly desirable to fight evolution of resistance in weeds, to create or exploit unique market niches, and to cope with new regulatory legislation. Comparison of the known molecular target sites of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins reveals that there is little redundancy. Comparatively little effort has been expended on determination of the sites of action of phytotoxins from natural sources, suggesting that intensive study of these molecules will reveal many more novel mechanisms of action. Examples of natural products that inhibit unexploited steps in the amino acid, nucleic acid, and other biosynthetic pathways are given. AAL-toxin, hydantocidin, and various plant-derived terpenoids are discussed. Strategies and potential pitfalls of using natural products as leads for new herbicide classes are summarized. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 65 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 8-10 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00076-4 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373QV UT WOS:000165301100009 ER PT J AU Chellemi, DO AF Chellemi, DO TI Adaptation of approaches to pest control in low-input agriculture SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE crop rotation; Integrated Pest Management; proactive pest management; soil fumigation; soil solarization ID METHYL-BROMIDE; BELL PEPPER; PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; SOUTHERN BLIGHT; HAIRY VETCH; TOMATO; SOLARIZATION AB Adaptation and acceptance of pest control in low-input agriculture will be largely influenced by the approach used to manage soil-borne pests. A single tactic approach, consisting of the routine application of a broad spectrum biocide or biocides to disinfest soil is not compatible with the goal of minimizing inputs and will not have wide-scale applicability in low-input production systems. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach can be compatible with low-input systems but is often difficult to implement due to inherent constraints associated with identifying and treating organisms in the soil. Additionally, IPM will require more intensive knowledge of biological interactions in the soil and the timely management of that information, which may not be practical in low input systems. A pro-active approach, in which the production system is designed to avoid the outbreak of pests, minimizes the use of inputs in crop production by reducing the need for intervention treatments. Traditionally, the impact of soil-borne pests is not considered until after the production system has been designed and implemented. Combining biologically based pest control methods with a production system designed to minimize their impacts offers the most sustainable approach for low-input agriculture. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Chellemi, DO (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 8-10 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00113-7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 373QV UT WOS:000165301100049 ER PT J AU Tekeoglu, M Tullu, A Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Tekeoglu, M Tullu, A Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ TI Inheritance and linkage of two genes that confer resistance to Fusarium wilt in chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP-CICERI; BARLEY CHROMOSOME-5; LACTUCAE; EXCHANGE; MARKERS; LETTUCE; REGION; RACE-1; LOCUS AB Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend,: Fr, f. sp, ciceris (Padwick) causes a vascular wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and significantly limits production worldwide. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the inheritance of resistance to races 0 and 5 of fusarium wilt and the genetic map positions of the resistance genes and (ii) to assess the linkage relationships between these two genes and other known wilt resistance genes in chickpea. Seedlings of 131 F(6)-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for reaction to races 0 and 5, A 1 resistant:1 susceptible segregation ratio was observed for both races, indicating that resistance to each race is controlled by a single gene. Linkage analysis indicated that the genes for resistance to races 4 and 5 were in the same linkage group and were separated by 11.2 centiMorgans (cM), The gene for resistance to race 0 was not linked to the race 4 and 5 resistance genes. In addition, an allele-specific associated primer (ASAP) product (CS-27R/CS-27F), developed from the CS-27 primer, was located between the two resistance genes and was 7.2 and 4 cM from the genes for resistance to races 4 and 5, respectively, Map positions of these two race-specific resistance genes and the marker reported to be linked to the genes for resistance to races 1 and 4 support the hypothesis that wilt resistance genes are flustered on the same chromosome. Since the gene conferring resistance to race 0 is found in a different region of the genome, other genomic regions may be responsible for resistance to wilt pathogens. The gene symbols foc-0, foc-4, and foc-5 are proposed for the genes for resistance to rates 0, 4, and 5 of the pathogen, respectively. Identification and further evaluation of disease resistance gene clusters would improve our understanding of wilt resistance in chickpea and facilitate the transfer of resistance genes to new cultivars. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303W Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu RI Tullu, Abebe/B-2722-2012 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1251 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600007 ER PT J AU Tekeoglu, M Santra, DK Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ AF Tekeoglu, M Santra, DK Kaiser, WJ Muehlbauer, FJ TI Ascochyta blight resistance inheritance in three chickpea recombinant inbred line populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COPPER TOLERANCE; RABIEI; VIRULENCE; WHEAT AB Ascochyta blight (caused by Ascochyta rabiei [Pass] Labr.) is a devastating and widespread disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Studies of the genetics of resistance to blight have generated inconsistent reports due to year to year and between location variation in screening trial results. Most previous studies have relied on F(2) or backcross populations for segregation analyses; however, inheritance patterns have been difficult to confirm because of the inability to repeat the evaluations in time and space. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. The RILs were derived from two intraspecific crosses, PI 359075(1) x FLIP 84-92C(2), 'Blanco Lechoso' x 'Dwelley', and one interspecific cross, FLIP 84-92C(3) x C. reticulatum Lad. (PI 599072). The resistant parents, FLIP 84-92C and Dwelley, had a common source of resistance derived from ILC-72. Disease reactions of the parents and RILs were scored using alto 9 scale and also by using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Segregation among RILs indicated that three recessive and complementary major genes with several modifiers conferred ascochyta blight resistance. Absence of one or two of the major genes confers susceptibility, whereas the presence of the modifiers determines the degree of resistance. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 W Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 36 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1256 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600008 ER PT J AU Li, AG Hou, YS Wall, GW Trent, A Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ AF Li, AG Hou, YS Wall, GW Trent, A Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ TI Free-air CO2 enrichment and drought stress effects on grain filling rate and duration in spring wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; WINTER-WHEAT; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; GENOTYPES; FIELD; YIELD AB Wheat grain weight is a function of rate and duration of grain growth and is affected by photosynthate supply. Drought stress reduces photosynthate production because of stomatal closure. However, this might be partially overcome by an increase in air CO2 concentration. This study was conducted to evaluate elevated CO2 and drought stress effects on grain-filling rate and duration for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Spring wheat (cv. Yecora Roja) was grown at two CO2 concentrations, 550 (elevated) or 370 (ambient) pmol mol(-1) and two water treatments in a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center. Plant samples were collected every 3 to 4 d from 6 d after anthesis until plant maturity. Main stem spikes were separated into upper, middle, and lower sections. Grain weight data for the intact main stem spike, each of its sections, and intact tiller spikes were fitted to a cumulative logistic model. Both elevated CO2 and water treatments significantly influenced the grain-filling processes. Under drought stress conditions, elevated CO2 increased grain weight in the upper and lower sections of the main stem spike by 10 and 24%, respectively. In well-watered plants, final grain weight in the midsection of the main stem spike was 8% higher than that measured under drought stress conditions. Grain weight increase under elevated CO2 was due to a faster rate of grain filling. Effects of elevated CO2 on the statistically derived duration of grain tilling were inconclusive because of the confounding effect of blower-induced temperature changes on the process. An increase in grain weight of well-watered plants was due to a longer grain-tilling period. Later-formed tiller spikes were more responsive to elevated CO2 and drought stress than main stem spikes. Information from this study will help us understand the grain growth of wheat and provide information to establish grain growth mechanism. C1 NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Li, AG (reprint author), NEI, NIH, Bld 6 Rm 304,6 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1263 EP 1270 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600010 ER PT J AU Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF Kwanyuen, P AF Nakasathien, S Israel, DW Wilson, RF Kwanyuen, P TI Regulation of seed protein concentration in soybean by supra-optimal nitrogen supply SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; IN-VITRO; INVITRO; COTYLEDONS; CULTURE; UREIDES; PLANTS; GROWTH; AMIDES; LINES AB The physiological and biochemical basis for increased seed protein concentrations (SPC) observed in restriction-index, recurrent-selection breeding programs with soybean [[Glycine max (L.) Merr,] are poorly understood. The hypothesis that soybean SPC is regulated by the supply of nitrogenous substrates available to the seed was evaluated. Effects of supra-optimal external N on seed storage protein accumulation, amino acid concentration and composition in leaves and seeds at R5, and levels of specific storage protein subunits were measured. Genotypes with different SPC (NC 107, normal; N87-984-16, intermediate; and NC 111, high) were grown in controlled-environment chambers and supplied with 30 mM N as NH4NO3 from V5 to maturity or from R5 to maturity. Control plants received 10 mM N throughout the growth cycle. Relative to control, supra-optimal N increased SPC of NC 107 and N87-984-16 by an average of 28%. Greater enhancement of protein accumulation than of dry matter accumulation in the seed resulted in SPCs of 460 to 470 g kg(-1) which are appreciably greater than concentrations observed for these cultivars grown in the field, Supra-optimal N also increased SPC of the high protein line (NC 111) by 15%, but this increase resulted entirely from a decrease in yield. Supra-optimal N supplied to NC 107 and N87-984-16 from V5 until R5 increased total free amino acid concentrations in seeds and leaves at R5 by an average of 21 and 46%, respectively. Enhanced accumulation of the beta submit of beta conglycinin which does not contain methionine and cysteine accounted for the increase in SPC, While enhanced N availability increased the SPC of a normal protein line into the high range, availability of sulfur amino acids in the developing seed determined which storage protein subunits were synthesized from the extra N. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600012 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Coleman, SW Volesky, JD AF Rao, SC Coleman, SW Volesky, JD TI Yield and quality of wheat, triticale, and elytricum forage in the southern plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAW AB Hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L,) is a major cool-season forage that couples with warm-season perennials to provide livestock feed in the Southern Plains. Productivity and quality of wheat forage declines in April, creating a forage deficit period until warm-season perennial grasses are available. Other cool-season annual grasses with different growth patterns may provide growth during this period to fill this forage deficit, A field experiment was conducted on Brewer silty clay (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Udertic Argiustoll) from 1994 to 1997 to compare seasonal forage production patterns and yield and quality of winter wheat, triticale (x Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) and x Elytricum spp, (Triticum aestivum x Elytrigia spp,'OK-906'). Aboveground whole-plant biomass during late fall and early spring were greater for wheat than elytricum, but this trend was reversed in late spring and early summer. Average growing degree days to reach physiological maturity were 2500, 2670, and 3100 for wheat, triticale, and elytricum, respectively, Averaged across years, triticale and elytricum reached maturity 8.5 and 28 d after wheat, respectively, At physiological maturity, differences in biomass accumulation between wheat and triticale were minimal, but elytricum at physiological maturity produced 22% more total biomass, 3.5% less grain, and 28% greater straw yield as compared with wheat. Differences in straw in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) among species were minimal, Because of its prolonged vegetative-growth phase compared with wheat or triticale, elytricum has the potential to fill the late spring forage deficit period and reduce supplemental feed cost for livestock. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1308 EP 1312 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600015 ER PT J AU Clapham, WM Willcott, JB Fedders, JM AF Clapham, WM Willcott, JB Fedders, JM TI Effects of seed maturation temperature on seed yield characteristics and subsequent generations of lupin SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE LUPIN; VERNALIZATION AB Phenology and morphology of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varied in plants derived from different seed tots of the same cultivar, presumably because thermosensitive genotypes are affected by thermal environment during early development. This study was conducted to determine whether the maternal thermal environment of developing seeds influenced subsequent plant development. We grew white lupin plants cv. Ultra, at the mainstem first flower stage, in controlled growth chambers at 13 or 28C temperature under a 14-h photoperiod, At harvest maturity, yield components were quantified. The two resultant seed populations were planted in the greenhouse, and at the mainstem first flower stage, one-half of each group of plants was placed in growth chambers at 13 or 28 degrees C, This regimen was tarried out through three generations. Seed dry weight per plant and weight per seed were greater for plants matured at 13 degrees C than at 28 degrees C, All plants produced from maternal seed that had matured at 28 degrees C developed at a slower rate than those at 13 degrees C. Floral events in these plants lagged behind by as much as 15 d, No differences were observed in mainstem vegetative node number. We concluded that phenotypic variability among seedlots of the same genotype can be caused by thermal environmental conditions occurring as embryos develop. These results show that thermal environment during seed production can affect subsequent crop performance, which can impact cultivar production and consistency among years. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clapham, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1317 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600016 ER PT J AU Medeiros, RB Steiner, JJ AF Medeiros, RB Steiner, JJ TI White clover seed production: III. Cultivar differences under contrasting management practices SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT WATER STATUS; YIELD COMPONENTS; DEFOLIATION AB Information is needed to determine the optimal combinations of agronomic practices for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed production in humid temperate marine climatic conditions. Effects on seed yield were determined for two stand ages (first and second seed year of production), six cultivars varying in leaf size (ladino large-leaf type: Canopy, California Ladino, Osceola, and Regal; and intermediate leaf-type: Louisiana S-l and White Dutch), grown with and without spring herbage removal, and with and without supplemental irrigation. The experiment was arranged in a modified split-split-split-plot design with four replications. First year seed was harvested in 1997, and first and second year seed was harvested in 1998, Intermediate-leaf size cultivars reached initial bud and newer stages earlier than large-leaf types, but there were no differences between the two leaf types at the time of seed harvest. The number of hewers produced early in the reproductive period for nonirrigated plants was highly correlated with seed yield. Supplemental irrigation delayed newer maturity, but herbage removal did not. First seed year yields were greater than second seed year yields for all cultivars except Osceola, which had similar yields both seed years. Supplemental irrigation only increased seed yields of Canopy. In first seed year stands, White Dutch was the only cultivar that did not recover lost seed yields due to herbage removal when supplemental irrigation was applied. Herbage removal and supplemental irrigation treatments generally did not increase white clover seed yields under the conditions of this experiment, so maximal yields were generally achieved with minimal management inputs. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. UFRGS, Fac Agron, Dep Plantas Forrageiras & Agrometeorol, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1324 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600017 ER PT J AU Townsend, MS Henning, JA Moore, DL AF Townsend, MS Henning, JA Moore, DL TI AFLP analysis of DNA from dried hop cones SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; RFLP AB Hop (Humulus lupulus L,) cones are used extensively in beer brewing to enhance flavor and impart bittering. Verifying hops cultivar identity has traditionally been accomplished by morphological characteristics or a chemical analysis of lupulin glands but these traits may vary according to environmental influences. The objective of this research was to develop an AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) protocol for analyzing DNA extracted from dried hop cones. The DNA was extracted from dried cones of six hop genotypes by a technique published for grapes (Vitis spp), The reagents, MseI primers, and protocol were part of a commercially available kit, while the 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled EcoRI primers were purchased separately. Eleven primer combinations amplified an average of 546.5 scorable fragments with an average of 49.7 fragments per primer combination. All genotypes were differentiated with the primer combinations studied. Average genetic similarity estimates ranged between 0.956 and 0.995 among the six hop genotypes studied. This research provides the hops industry with a powerful technique to verify accurately hops cultivar identity and purity through an analysis of dried cone DNA. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henning, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1386 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600027 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Rutger, JN Young, KA Raboy, V AF Larson, SR Rutger, JN Young, KA Raboy, V TI Isolation and genetic mapping of a non-lethal rice (Oryza sativa L.) low phytic acid 1 mutation SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MUTANTS; PHYTATE; MAIZE; GRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLISM AB Phytic acid (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate) is the most abundant form of phosphorus (P) in seeds and is virtually indigestible by humans or non-ruminant livestock. It was hypothesized that one class of maize (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid mutations, designated lpa1, interrupt myo-inositol supply during seed development and may be mutations of the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) gene. This study describes the isolation, inheritance, and genetic mapping of the first rice lpa1 mutation and reexamines the MIPS/lpa1 candidate gene hypothesis in rice. Grain from 3632 rice M2 lines, derived from gamma-irradiated seed, was screened for the Ipa phenotype. Two mutations, one lethal and one non-lethal, were identified. The non-lethal mutation is phenotypically similar to maize and barley lpa1 mutants and was designated rice lpa1-1. Homozygosity for rice lpa1-1 reduces the phytic acid portion of seed P from 71 to 39% and increases the inorganic portion of seed P from 5 to 32%, with little effect on total seed P. This rice lpa1 mutation was mapped to a 2.2-cM interval on chromosome 2L. A single-copy rice MIPS gene was mapped to a locus on rice chromosome 3 that is orthologous to MIPS loci on maize chromosome 1S (near maize lpa1) and barley chromosome 4H. Unlike maize lpa1, the rice and barley lpa1 mutations loci are clearly distinguishable from this canonical MIPS gene. No relationship ran be inferred between the maize, barley, and rice lpa1 loci. Although this canonical MIPS gene may be an appropriate target for controlling seed phytic acid synthesis, modifications of other genes (e.g., maize lpa2, barley lpa1, barley lpa2, and rice lpa1) may also be useful in reducing grain phytic acid and improving the nutritional value of cereal grains and/or milling by-products. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72610 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 40 TC 128 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 20 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1405 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600029 ER PT J AU Sebolt, AM Shoemaker, RC Diers, BW AF Sebolt, AM Shoemaker, RC Diers, BW TI Analysis of a quantitative trait locus allele from wild soybean that increases seed protein concentration in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OIL CONTENT; REGISTRATION; POPULATIONS; TOMATO AB Increases in the seed protein concentration of soybean [Glycine mar (L,) Merr,] would improve the value of the crop. Two major quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles from Glycine soja Sieb, and Zucc. that increased seed protein concentration were identified previously. The first objective of our study was to test the two G, soja QTL alleles in a population developed through backcrossing the alleles into a soybean background, The second objective was to evaluate the effect of one of the G, soja QTL alleles in three genetic backgrounds, A backcross three (BC3) population was developed and evaluated in the field across two locations over 2 yr, To test the allele in different backgrounds, a line from the backcross population was crossed to three soybean genotypes. Populations developed from these crosses were then evaluated in three field environments, In the backcross population, genetic marker alleles linked to the QTL allele from G. soja on linkage group (LG) I were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with greater protein and less oil concentration, reduced yield, smaller seeds, taller plants, and earlier maturity than the G. max alleles, Markers linked to the second G, soja QTL allele on LG E were not significantly associated with seed or agronomic traits. In the genetic background tests, markers linked to the G, soja QTL allele on LG I were associated with an increase in protein concentration in two of the three crosses. These results show that seed component traits can be successfully modified through genetic mapping coupled with marker assisted selection, C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 28 TC 103 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1444 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600034 ER PT J AU Klos, KLE Paz, MM Marek, LF Cregan, PB Shoemaker, RC AF Klos, KLE Paz, MM Marek, LF Cregan, PB Shoemaker, RC TI Molecular markers useful for detecting resistance to brown stem rot in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED SELECTION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; LINKAGE MAP; GERM PLASM; INHERITANCE; CULTIVAR; BSR-101; GENOME AB Brown stem rot (BSR) causes vascular and foliar damage in soybean [Glycine mar (L,) Merr.], Identification of plants resistant to BSR by inoculation with Phialophora gregata (Allington & W,W, Chamberlain) W, Gams is laborious and unreliable because of low heritability, Molecular markers linked to the resistance gene could be used to screen for resistant individuals and hasten the development of BSR resistant genotypes. The objective of this study was to develop molecular markers for efficient identification of BSR resistant plants in a breeding program. Seventeen resistant and 29 susceptible cultivars and plant introductions as well as recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between BSR 101 and PI 437.654 were assayed by PCR-based markers derived from RFLPs K375I-1 and RGA2V-1, Satt244, or developed from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. The DNA markers that were developed tag the BSR locus and are informative in a diverse range of soybean germplasm, Markers detected different banding patterns between resistant and susceptible genotypes, The PCR-based markers will most likely be useful in screening for BSR resistance and allow soybean breeders to transfer rapidly resistance derived from Rbs(3) to improved cultivars or soybean lines. The markers are relatively easy-to-use, inexpensive, and highly informative. Soybean breeding efforts ran now be designed to incorporate the use of marker information when parental genotypes possess contrasting banding patterns. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1445 EP 1452 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600035 ER PT J AU Narvel, JM Fehr, WR Chu, WC Grant, D Shoemaker, RC AF Narvel, JM Fehr, WR Chu, WC Grant, D Shoemaker, RC TI Simple sequence repeat diversity among soybean plant introductions and elite genotypes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIANCE; LYCOPERSICON-HIRSUTUM; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; L-PIMPINELLIFOLIUM; MARKERS; TOMATO; RFLP; IDENTIFICATION AB The use of molecular markers to facilitate the introgression of plant introduction (PI) germplasm into elite soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr,] cultivars will depend on the amount of polymorphism that exists between elite genotypes and PIs, The objective of this study was to assess the simple sequence repeat (SSR) diversity of 39 elite soybean genotypes (Elites) and 40 PIs that were selected for high yield potential, A total of 397 alleles were detected among the 79 genotypes at 74 SSR marker led. The number of alleles detected among the PIs was 30% greater than that detected among the Elites. There were 138 alleles specific to the PIs that occurred across 60 SSR loci and 32 alleles specific to the Elites that occurred across 27 SSR loci, Average marker diversity among the PIs was 0.56 and ranged from 0.0 to 0.84. Average marker diversity among the Elites was 0.50 and ranged from 0.0 to 0.79. Genetic similarity estimates based on simple matching coefficients revealed more genetic diversity among the PIs than among the Elites. The greatest genetic diversity was between the PIs and Elites. The ability of SSRs to distinguish among elite soybean genotypes and PIs with agronomic merit may assist with the transfer of favorable alleles from PIs into elite soybean cultivars. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, CICG, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, DNA Sequencing & Synth Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, CICG, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 NR 35 TC 52 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1452 EP 1458 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600036 ER PT J AU Liu, S Cantrell, RG McCarty, JC Stewart, JM AF Liu, S Cantrell, RG McCarty, JC Stewart, JM TI Simple sequence repeat-based assessment of genetic diversity in cotton race stock accessions SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM LINES; MICROSATELLITES; REGISTRATION; DISCOVERY; ORIGIN; WILD AB Effective use of converted day-neutral Gossypium hirsutum L. race stocks in cotton genetic improvement programs depends on the extent of genetic variation for desirable alleles and the accurate characterization of the variability within and among germplasm accessions in the collection, This study was conducted to survey the molecular variation in the converted race stock collection by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers and to determine the genetic distance of each race stock from a typical G. hirsutum cultigen, The molecular marker data will also provide a measure of the degree to which the recurrent photoperiodic parent has been recovered during backcross conversion to day-neutral stocks. Fifty-six flourescently labeled SSR primer pairs arranged in multiplex bins were used to genotype 97 day-neutral BC4F4 race stock accessions, The majority of the accessions had genetic distances <0.25 from the G, hirsutum standard TMI. There was strong evidence that the accessions were heterozygous or heterogeneous, so 10 plants were genotyped within the most diverse nine accessions, those with genetic distance From TM1 >0.25. Zn some families, the primitive photoperiodic parent was recovered, and in others there was extensive linkage drag from the day-neutral donor parent. The recovery of the primitive recurrent parent could be improved by marker-assisted backcrossing with SSR markers reported in this experiment. Careful genotyping with SSR markers prior to introgression into breeding programs is suggested to ensure maximum genetic diversity and integrity of the exotic race-stock donor germplasm. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Cantrell, RG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1459 EP 1469 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600037 ER PT J AU Cui, ZL Carter, TE Burton, JW AF Cui, ZL Carter, TE Burton, JW TI Genetic base of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923 to 1995 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; ANCESTRAL LINES; BEAN CULTIVARS; GRAIN-YIELD; PARENTAGE; DIVERSITY; COEFFICIENT; HETEROSIS AB A diverse genetic base is important to breeding progress. The genetic base of U,S. and Canadian (US-CAN) soybean [Glycine max (L,) Merr,] cultivars is narrow, Modern Chinese soybean cultivars have been cited as a reservoir of genetic diversity for U,S. breeding. However, the genetic base of Chinese soybean cultivars is not well characterized. The purpose of this paper was to quantify the genetic base of Chinese soybean breeding by means of coefficient of parentage (CP) analysis and to compare it with that of US-CAN soybean. Three hundred thirty-nine ancestors were identified in the pedigrees of 651 Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923-1995, Ancestors originating from China contributed 88% of the genes to the Chinese genetic base, and 45 exotic ancestors contributed 12%, as determined by CP analysis. Comparison of Chinese and US-CAN bases showed that (i) the genetic base of Chinese soybean breeding was much larger than that of the US-CAN and (ii) the Chinese base has continued to expand with time while the US-CAN base has changed little, Analysis showed that 35 and 339 ancestors contributed 50 and 90% of the genes to Chinese soybean cultivars, while only five and 26 ancestors contributed similar amounts to the US-CAN base, The three major soybean growing regions in China, Northeastern (NEC), Northern (NC) and Southern (SC) had little soybean ancestry in common with each other and constituted almost independent genetic bases. Each of the major Chinese growing regions had more ancestors and a more uniform distribution of ancestral contributions than did the total US-CAN breeding effort, Although the genetic base of both Chinese and U.S, soybeans are dominated by Chinese landraces, no landraces were identified by name as common to both. In recent decades, 24 U.S, cultivars and lines have been bred to Chinese stock. These U,S, materials now constitute 7.3% of the genetic base for Chinese cultivars and have led to important yield advances in China. In contrast, U,S. breeding has made little use of Chinese cultivars, By virtue of their broad genetic base and isolation from U.S, cultivars, modern Chinese soybean cultivars are potentially important to U.S, breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1481 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600038 ER PT J AU Elias, EM Miller, JD AF Elias, EM Miller, JD TI Registration of 'Maier' durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Elias, EM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1499 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600049 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Glaz, B Miller, JD Shine, JM Follis, JE Comstock, JC AF Tai, PYP Glaz, B Miller, JD Shine, JM Follis, JE Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 89-1509' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Sugarcane Growers Cooperat, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugarcane League, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1498 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600048 ER PT J AU Elias, EM Miller, JD AF Elias, EM Miller, JD TI Registration of 'Mountrail' durum wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Elias, EM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1500 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600050 ER PT J AU Haley, SD Gellner, JL Langham, MAC Jin, Y Kalsbeck, S Stymiest, C Rickertsen, J Little, R Ruden, BE Chung, OK Seabourn, BW McVey, DV Hatchett, JH AF Haley, SD Gellner, JL Langham, MAC Jin, Y Kalsbeck, S Stymiest, C Rickertsen, J Little, R Ruden, BE Chung, OK Seabourn, BW McVey, DV Hatchett, JH TI Registration of 'Harding' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Haley, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1500 EP 1501 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600051 ER PT J AU Gooding, RW Herald, LD Marshall, HG AF Gooding, RW Herald, LD Marshall, HG TI Registration of 'Burton' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Penn State Univ, USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gooding, RW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1501 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600052 ER PT J AU Legendre, BL White, WH Grisham, MP Dufrene, EO Garrison, DD Miller, JD AF Legendre, BL White, WH Grisham, MP Dufrene, EO Garrison, DD Miller, JD TI Registration of 'HoCP 91-555' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70360 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Legendre, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, SRRC, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1506 EP 1506 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600059 ER PT J AU Navarro, RA Murphy, JP Leath, S Shi, A AF Navarro, RA Murphy, JP Leath, S Shi, A TI Registration of NC97BGTAB9 and NC97BGTAB10 wheat germplasm lines resistant to powdery mildew SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1508 EP 1509 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600062 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of multiple disease resistant C69 sugarbeet germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEET; LINES C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1511 EP 1511 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600065 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of rhizomania resistant sugarbeet x Beta vulgaris subsp maritima germplasms C26, C27, and C51 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1513 EP 1515 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600068 ER PT J AU Eberhart, SA Briggs, RW Colbert, T Mousel, A Raycraft, J Wrede, K AF Eberhart, SA Briggs, RW Colbert, T Mousel, A Raycraft, J Wrede, K TI Registration of twelve maize germplasm populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETICS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Crows Hybrid Corn Co, Milford, IL 60953 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. Novartis Seeds Inc, Stanton, MN 55018 USA. JC Robinson Seed Co, Henrietta, MO 64036 USA. RP Eberhart, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1517 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600070 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of powdery mildew resistant sugarbeet germplasms CP01 and CP02 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1515 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600069 ER PT J AU Hallauer, R Lamkey, KR White, PR AF Hallauer, R Lamkey, KR White, PR TI Registration of B110, B111, B113, and B114 inbred lines of maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; POPULATIONS C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, CorN Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hallauer, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1518 EP 1519 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359LP UT WOS:000089612600072 ER PT J AU Touchell, D Walters, C AF Touchell, D Walters, C TI Recovery of embryos of Zizania palustris following exposure to liquid nitrogen SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cryostorage; dark; light; liquid nitrogen; oxidative stress; recovery; water content; Zizania palustris ID RECALCITRANT SEED; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CAMELLIA-SINENSIS; TISSUE WATER; CRYOPRESERVATION; DESICCATION; AXES; VIABILITY; INVITRO; STRESS AB Factors affecting survival of embryos of Zizania palustris after exposure to liquid nitrogen were investigated. Moisture content was the most critical factor. Embryos desiccated to a moisture content between 0.36 and 0.56 g H2O/g dry weight had highest survival after liquid nitrogen exposure (56+/-4% and 52+/-9% respectively). The recovery of embryos in the light following liquid nitrogen exposure also influenced survival. Survival increased from 35+/-4% to 56+/-4% when embryos containing 0.36 g H2O/g dry weight were recovered in the dark compared to light. Embryos exposed to desiccation and freezing stresses were subject to increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Light exacerbated lipid peroxidation in recovering embryos. Furthermore, catalase and peroxidase, enzymes involved in reducing reactive oxygen species, increased in activity in response to stress, and were further up-regulated in tissues recovered in the light. This study suggests that there are a number of factors influencing the survival of tissues exposed to liquid nitrogen and recovery procedures that reduce oxidative stress should be employed. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 368DE UT WOS:000090101800001 ER PT J AU Wang, WB Leopold, RA Nelson, DR Freeman, TP AF Wang, WB Leopold, RA Nelson, DR Freeman, TP TI Cryopreservation of Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae) embryos SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE housefly; insect; dipteran; cryopreservation; vitrification; embryos ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER EMBRYOS; CHILLING INJURY; MOUSE EMBRYOS; WAX LAYER; VITRIFICATION; TREHALOSE; EGGSHELL; PRESERVATION AB Prior studies on cryopreserving embryos of several non-drosophilid flies established that two Drosophila,melanogaster, embryo cryopreservation protocols were not directly suitable for use with these species. This paper describes our work on developing a protocol for cryopreservation of embryos of the housefly, Musca domestica. Significant progress was made when permeabilization of the vitelline membrane was optimized, a vitrification solution containing ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and trehalose was formulated, and when cooling and recovery of the cryopreservation protocol included a step which passed the embryos through liquid nitrogen vapor. More than 70% of housefly embryos withstand treatments of dechorionation, permeabilization, loading with cryoprotectant, and dehydration in vitrification solution, but the cooling, warming, and poststorage rearing steps still cause a considerable reduction in survival. About 53% of the vitrified M. domestica embryos hatched into larvae. Relative to the percentage of the control adult emergence, about 13% of the embryos stored in liquid nitrogen developed into fertile adults. Hatching of the F-1 progeny of adults having been cryopreserved as embryos was similar to control levels, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Wang, WB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM wangwb@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 EI 1090-2392 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 41 IS 2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2278 PG 14 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 367AF UT WOS:000090038500008 PM 11034794 ER PT J AU Solow, BT Somkuti, GA AF Solow, BT Somkuti, GA TI Comparison of low-molecular-weight heat stress proteins encoded on plasmids in different strains of Streptococcus thermophilus SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK PROTEINS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; SEQUENCE; FAMILY; GENES; DNA AB Streptococcus thermophilus is used extensively for industrial fermentation of dairy products. Some strains of S. thermophilus are known to carry plasmids, and many of these plasmids are suspected of encoding low-molecular-weight heat stress proteins (Hsps) that may aid in survival under stressful conditions. In order to confirm the presence and examine the similarity of these low-molecular-weight Hsps, genes were identified and sequenced encoding Hsps on plasmids pER16 (4.5 kb), pER35 (10 kb), and pER36 (3.7 kb) from three different strains of S. thermophilus. The plasmid replication proteins were also sequenced to examine their relatedness. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the Hsps and of the replication proteins revealed a high degree of identity suggesting a common origin. Heat stress proteins enhance the viability of bacteria in extreme environments, and the presence of an Hsp encoded on a plasmid may enhance survival of S. thermophilus under harsh production conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 41 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s002840010114 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 345QU UT WOS:000088827300006 PM 10915203 ER PT J AU Barton, C Nelson, EA Kolka, RK McLeod, KW Conner, WH Lakly, M Martin, D Wigginton, J Trettin, CC Wisniewski, J AF Barton, C Nelson, EA Kolka, RK McLeod, KW Conner, WH Lakly, M Martin, D Wigginton, J Trettin, CC Wisniewski, J TI Restoration of a severely impacted riparian wetland system - The Pen Branch Project SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, SREL, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Clemson Univ, Baruch Forest Sci Inst, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Wisniewski & Associates Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Barton, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, SREL, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S3 EP S15 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00084-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700002 ER PT J AU Dulohery, CJ Kolka, RK McKevlin, MR AF Dulohery, CJ Kolka, RK McKevlin, MR TI Effects of a willow overstory on planted seedlings in a bottomland restoration SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Restoration of a Severely Impacted Southeastern Riparian Wetland Systems - the Pen Branch Project CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV DE overstory; competition; regeneration; willow; cypress; hardwood; nurse crop; transpiration; diurnal; water table; Savannah River ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; TREE GROWTH; LOUISIANA; COMPETITION; FORESTS; SWAMP AB Four bottomland tree species (green ash, bald cypress, water tupelo, and swamp chestnut oak) were planted under four levels of willow canopy (intact canopy, 60%;, thinned with herbicide, complete control with herbicide, and complete mechanical removal plus control with herbicide). Through age 5, species selection rather than canopy control treatment was the dominant factor in determining regeneration success. About 55% of the cypress and green ash seedlings were surviving at age 5, versus 17 and 27% of water tupelo and swamp chestnut oak, respectively. Green ash was significantly taller (at 3.7 m) than all other species at age 5. The willow canopy provided minor growth benefits during the first 2 years by ameliorating herbaceous competition, hydrology, and soil temperature. However, by age 5, there were no significant differences in seedling heights among the canopy treatments. We believe that an improved strategy would involve removal of the willow canopy 2 years after planting, when the seedlings begin to exhibit substantial height-growth potential and are, thus, better prepared to respond. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smurfit Stone Container Corp, Forest Res Ctr, Callahan, FL 32011 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, So Res Stn, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Dulohery, CJ (reprint author), Smurfit Stone Container Corp, Forest Res Ctr, POB 626, Callahan, FL 32011 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S57 EP S66 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00072-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700007 ER PT J AU Giese, LA Aust, WM Trettin, CC Kolka, RK AF Giese, LA Aust, WM Trettin, CC Kolka, RK TI Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon storage and species richness in three South Carolina coastal plain riparian forests SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Restoration of a Severely Impacted Southeastern Riparian Wetland Systems - the Pen Branch Project CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV DE carbon; disturbance; forest succession; riparian; wetland restoration ID SWAMP-FOREST; CYPRESS; FLOODPLAIN; FLORIDA; PRODUCTIVITY; DISTURBANCE; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; BIOMASS AB The distribution of organic matter within a floodplain is a controlling factor affecting water quality, habitat, and food webs. Accordingly, development of vegetation in the riparian zone can be expected to influence ecosystem functions, and organic matter storage patterns are believed to be indicators of functional recovery in disturbed riparian zones. Our objective was to compare the distribution and allocation of organic matter among microsites within the floodplain and with temporal changes (successional status) associated with community development. Three third order streams in the upper coastal plain of South Carolina were selected. Measurement transects were established across three floodplains of varying successional status, Meyer's branch; a mature riparian hardwood forest; Fourmile branch; a mid-successional riparian forest; and Pen Branch, an early successional riparian forest. Overall, measurements of aboveground biomass, soil carbon, and stand structure indicate that the early and mid successional stands are becoming more similar to the mature stand and that microsite differences within the braided, riparian stream systems are small. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Forest Expt Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Giese, LA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S157 EP S170 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00081-6 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700016 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Singer, JH Coppock, CR Casey, WP Trettin, CC AF Kolka, RK Singer, JH Coppock, CR Casey, WP Trettin, CC TI Influence of restoration and succession on bottomland hardwood hydrology SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Restoration of a Severely Impacted Southeastern Riparian Wetland Systems - the Pen Branch Project CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV DE hydrology; water balance; bottomland hardwoods; wetland restoration ID WETLAND; STREAM; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA AB The hydrologic pathways of four bottomland hardwood wetland sites were investigated with transects consisting of nests of shallow wells and piezometers. Sites included a disturbed but recently restored system, two disturbed systems that are recovering naturally and a relatively undisturbed reference site. Water table elevations in both uplands and bottomlands were significantly higher in the reference site than in disturbed sites. Hydrologic budgets were developed that included throughfall inputs, upland inputs, bottomland interflow, bottomland losses to the stream and evapotranspiration (ET) losses. The recently restored bottomland had significantly higher throughfall and lower ET than the naturally recovering sites. Higher throughfall and lower ET is attributed to canopy manipulations that occurred during restoration. Other hydrologic fluxes are relatively similar among the disturbed sites. Reference site flow pathways were significantly different than those of the disturbed sites. Higher ET in the reference site is attributed to differences in canopies between the reference and disturbed sites. Higher upland inputs, bottomland interflow, and bottomland losses to the stream are the result of higher water tables in the reference site. Lower water tables in disturbed sites may be caused by the geomorphic changes that occurred during elevated flow periods prior to recovery. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S131 EP S140 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00079-8 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700014 ER PT J AU Kolka, RK Nelson, EA Trettin, CC AF Kolka, RK Nelson, EA Trettin, CC TI Conceptual assessment framework for forested wetland restoration: the Pen Branch experience SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material AB Development of an assessment framework and associated indicators that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a wetland restoration is critical to demonstrating the sustainability of restored sites. Current wetland restoration assessment techniques such as the index of biotic integrity (IBI) or the hydrogeomorphic method (I-IGM) generally focus on either the biotic or abiotic components of wetlands. Tn addition, current methods generally rely on qualitative or semi-quantitative rankings in the assessment. We propose a quantitative, ecosystem level assessment method similar to that developed by the US EPA's Wetland Research Program (WRP approach) that includes both biotic and abiotic metrics. Similar to the IBI and HGM approaches, biotic and abiotic parameters are compared to those of reference communities, however, the proposed comparisons are quantitative. In developing the assessment method, bottomland reference systems at various stages of succession were compared to a recently restored site in South Carolina (Pen branch). Studies involving hydrology, soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics, vegetation communities, seedling establishment and competition, and avian, small mammal, herpetofauna, fish and macroinvertebrate communities were implemented. In this paper, we discuss the conceptual framework in which we developed our assessment technique. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Kolka, RK (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S17 EP S21 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00083-X PG 5 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700003 ER PT J AU Nelson, EA Dulohery, NC Kolka, RK McKee, WH AF Nelson, EA Dulohery, NC Kolka, RK McKee, WH TI Operational restoration of the Pen Branch bottomland hardwood and swamp wetlands - the research setting SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Restoration of a Severely Impacted Southeastern Riparian Wetland Systems - the Pen Branch Project CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV DE wetland restoration; Pen Branch; mitigation; bottomland hardwoods; site preparation; planting; riparian; swamp habitats; Savannah River AB The Savannah River swamp, a 3020 ha forested wetland on the floodplain of the Savannah River, USA is located on the Department of Energy's Savannah River site (SRS) near Aiken, SC. Historically, the swamp consisted of approximately 50% bald cypress-water tupelo (Taxodium distichum-Nyssa aquatica) stands, 40% mixed bottomland hardwood stands, and 10% shrub, marsh, and open water. Creek corridors were typical of southeastern bottomland hardwood forests. Hydrology was controlled by flooding of the Savannah River and by flow from four creeks that drain into the swamp prior to flow into the Savannah River. Upstream darns have caused some alteration of the water levels and timing of flooding within the floodplain. Major impacts to the swamp hydrology occurred with the completion of the production reactors and one coal-fired powerhouse at the SRS in the early 1950s. Flow in one of the tributaries, Pen Branch, was typically 0.3 m(3) s(-1) (10-20 cfs) prior to reactor pumping and 11.0 m(3) s(-1) (400 cfs) during pumping from 1954 to 1988. Sustained increases in water volume resulted in overflow of the original stream banks, the creation of additional floodplains, considerable erosion of the original stream corridor, and deposition of a deep silt layer on the newly formed delta. Heated water was discharged directly into Pen Branch and water temperature in the stream often exceeded 65 degreesC. The nearly continuous flooding of the swamp, the thermal load of the water, and the heavy silting resulted in complete mortality of the original vegetation in large areas of the floodplain. In the years since pumping was reduced, no volunteer seedlings of heavy-seeded hardwoods or cypress have been found in the floodplain corridor. Research was conducted to determine methods to reintroduce tree species characteristic of more mature forested wetlands. Species composition and selection were altered based on the current and expected hydrological regimes that the reforestation areas will be experiencing. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Jefferson Smurfit Corp, Forest Res Ctr, Callahan, FL 32011 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. US Forest Serv, Dunlap, TN 37327 USA. RP Nelson, EA (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S23 EP S33 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00069-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700004 ER PT J AU Wigginton, JD Lockaby, BG Trettin, CC AF Wigginton, JD Lockaby, BG Trettin, CC TI Soil organic matter formation and sequestration across a forested floodplain chronosequence SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Restoration of a Severely Impacted Southeastern Riparian Wetland Systems - the Pen Branch Project CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV DE soil organic matter; carbon; forest floor; fractionation; floodplain; restoration; succession ID PHYSICAL SEPARATION; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; GRASSLAND SOILS; CARBON; FLOOR; PARTICULATE; FRACTIONS; WETLANDS AB Successional changes in soil organic matter formation and carbon sequestration across a forested floodplain chronosequence were studied at the Savannah river site, National Environmental Research Park, SC, US. Four floodplain sites were selected for study, three of which are in various stages of recovery from impact due to thermal effluent discharge. The fourth is a minimally disturbed reference site. Forest Boor organic matter increases rapidly during early secondary succession, with a maximum of 657 g/m(2) and decreasing to 338 g/m(2) during the later seral stages. Carbon content in the forest floor also reflected this pattern, with Bevels greatest during early succession and declining thereafter. Changes in carbon pools of the forest floor are primarily driven by changing levels of forest floor biomass in the various stages of succession, rather than element concentrations. The composition of the forest Boor from the various stages differed markedly. The percent herbaceous material declined during succession from 74% in an early stage to <1% in the latest seral stage. Conversely, the amount of woody foliage increased from 6.7 to more than 70% in late succession. Measures of the degree of transformation of forest floor litter to soil organic matter using the lignocellulose index (LCI) did not differ between stages of succession. Percent lignin and percent cellulose of the forest floor were similar between stages and ranged from 13.8-16.3, and 30.4-32.5%, respectively. Carbon content of the mineral soil increased with successional stage of the floodplain chronosequence. Soil carbon content ranged from 15.6 kg/m(2) per 0.7 m in the earliest stage of succession to 55.9 kg/m(2) in late succession. Regression analyses indicated that it may take over 50 years for carbon levels to reach 75% of that of the reference site. The evidence also suggests that soil structure was disrupted by the disturbance, producing a greater proportion of microaggregates in early seral stages. The formation of soil macroaggregate structure, which may facilitate the accrual of carbon, appears to be occurring slowly. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Wigginton, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 BP S141 EP S155 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00080-4 PG 15 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 369AY UT WOS:000090150700015 ER PT J AU Sinton, DS Jones, JA Ohmann, JL Swanson, FJ AF Sinton, DS Jones, JA Ohmann, JL Swanson, FJ TI Windthrow disturbance, forest composition, and structure in the Bull Run basin, Oregon SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; clearcut edges; disturbance history; Douglas-fir; forest structure; landscape dynamics; logistic regression; Oregon, northwest; Pacific silver fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla; western hemlock; windthrow disturbance ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; CATASTROPHIC WIND; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; WESTERN CASCADES; SUCCESSION; LANDSCAPE; HISTORY; USA; DYNAMICS AB This study examined relationships among forest landscape dynamics, environmental factors (climate and landforms), and disturbance history in forests dominated by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) in the Bull Run basin in northwestern Oregon and evaluated the findings in a broader geographic context. Three sets of analyses were conducted: mapping of historical windthrow disturbance patches in the 265-km(2) Bull Run basin over the past century and analysis of their relationships with meteorological conditions, landforms, and vegetation; comparison of forest structure and species composition as a function of mapped windthrow and wildfire disturbance history in 34 1-ha vegetation survey plots in Bull Run; and canonical correspondence analysis of environmental factors and forest overstory species composition in 1637 vegetation plots in the Mount Hood and Willamette National Forests. Nearly 10% of the Bull Run basin has been affected by windthrow since 1890, but only 2% was affected prior to the onset of forest harvest in 1958. Most of the mapped windthrow occurred in areas with 500- to 700-yr-old canopy dominants and no mapped disturbance by fire in the past 500 yr. Most mapped windthrow occurred during three events in 1931, 1973, and 1983 that were characterized by extreme high speed east winds from the Columbia River Gorge. Forest harvest modified the effects of climate, landforms, and vegetation on windthrow disturbance, reducing the importance of topographic exposure to east and northeast winds, and creating a strong influence of recent clearcut edges, which accounted for 80% of windthrow in the 1983 event. Shade-tolerant overstory species (western hemlock and Pacific silver fir) are abundant in present-day forest stands affected by windthrow as well as by fire in the past century. In the western Cascade Range, Douglas-fir and western hemlock decline and Pacific silver fir increases with elevation (summer moisture stress declines but temperature variability increases), but this transition occurs at lower elevations in the Bull Run, perhaps because of the interaction between regional climate processes and disturbance along the Columbia Gor re. Complex landscape dynamics result from these contingent interactions among climate, landform and stand conditions, and disturbance. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alfred Univ, Div Environm Studies, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM dsinton@alfred.edu NR 73 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2539 EP 2556 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2539:WDFCAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350GW UT WOS:000089093500015 ER PT J AU Johnston, CE AF Johnston, CE TI Movement patterns of imperiled blue shiners (Pisces : Cyprinidae) among habitat patches SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE blue shiner; movement pattern; habitat ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; RIVER CONTINUUM; STREAM; FISHES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB The blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea) is a federally threatened cyprinid that inhabits discrete habitat patches, but whether the fish in these patches represent distinct subpopulations or a continuous population is not known. Movement patterns of adult blue shiners among habitat patches in the Conasauga River (Tennessee and Georgia, USA) were investigated to determine if movement among patches was unrestricted, or if each patch represented a relatively discrete subpopulation. Movement was restricted to a small proportion of individuals at any given time, and most fish that moved did so between adjacent habitat patches. The average distance moved by blue shiners over the two study periods (1997 and 1998) was just 130.7 m. Riffle and glide mesohabitats were not barriers to the dispersal of blue shiners, and fish moved both upstream and downstream in approximately equal numbers. It is suggested that the fish that are mobile at a given time are responsible for recolonization of habitat patches via cumulative, stepwise movements between adjacent patches, and that intervening patches must be present to maintain connectivity of the entire population. Blue shiners exist as relatively discrete subpopulations in the Conasauga River. This finding emphasizes the importance of protecting habitat integrity throughout the entire course of the river to prevent isolation of subpopulations. This species may be used as a model for the conservation of other patch-restricted aquatic species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Johnston, CE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2000.eff090306.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 348NB UT WOS:000088989900006 ER PT J AU Raymond, GJ Bossers, A Raymond, LD O'Rourke, KI McHolland, LE Bryant, PK Miller, MW Williams, ES Smits, M Caughey, B AF Raymond, GJ Bossers, A Raymond, LD O'Rourke, KI McHolland, LE Bryant, PK Miller, MW Williams, ES Smits, M Caughey, B TI Evidence of a molecular barrier limiting susceptibility of humans, cattle and sheep to chronic wasting disease SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cell-free conversion; chronic wasting disease (CWD); prion protein (PrP); scrapie; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) ID PROTEASE-RESISTANT FORMS; PRION PROTEIN; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP; CONVERSION; BSE; VARIANT AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of deer and elk, and little is known about its transmissibility to other species. An important factor controlling interspecies TSE susceptibility is prion protein (PrP) homology between the source and recipient species/genotypes. Furthermore, the efficiency with which the protease-resistant PrP (PrP-res) of one species induces the in vitro conversion of the normal PrP (PrP-sen) of another species to the protease-resistant state correlates with the cross-species transmissibility of TSE agents. Here we show that the CWD-associated PrP-res (PrPCWD) of cervids readily induces the conversion of recombinant cervid PrP-sen molecules to the protease-resistant state in accordance with the known transmissibility of CWD between cervids, In contrast, PrPCWD-induced conversions of human and bovine PrP-sen were much less efficient, and conversion of ovine PrP-sen was intermediate. These results demonstrate a barrier at the molecular level that should limit the susceptibility of these non-cervid species to CWD. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. ID Lelystad Inst Anim Sci & Hlth, Lelystad, Netherlands. RP Caughey, B (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. RI smits, mari/J-4892-2013; OI smits, mari/0000-0002-3493-291X; Bossers, Alex/0000-0002-6586-717X NR 21 TC 168 Z9 174 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 17 BP 4425 EP 4430 DI 10.1093/emboj/19.17.4425 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 353LL UT WOS:000089275600001 PM 10970836 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Hammel, R Throne, JE Kramer, KJ AF Oppert, B Hammel, R Throne, JE Kramer, KJ TI Fitness costs of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE fitness; Bacillus thuringiensis; resistance; Plodia interpunctella; Indianmeal moth; resistance management; stored grain; insect; biocontrol ID POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; INSECT RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; STRAINS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; EVOLUTION; TOXIN AB Genetic changes in insects that result in insecticide resistance can also affect their fitness. Here, we report measurements of development time and survival of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), to compare the relative fitness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-susceptible and -resistant colonies. Measurements of larval development time and survival indicated that a fitness cost was associated with resistance to Bt in some Bt-resistant colonies but not others. Comparisons of geographically different populations revealed inherent differences in development time and survival. In most cases, Bt-resistant moths suffered no disadvantage when feeding on a Bt-treated diet. In many cases, the development of Bt-resistant moths on Bt-treated diet was slower than the unselected moths on untreated diet, but it is unclear whether these differences would affect the successful mating of susceptible and resistant moths. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 96 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00707.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341JT UT WOS:000088587800011 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Goulet, H AF Smith, DR Goulet, H TI Monosoma pulverata (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae), an alder-feeding sawfly new to North America SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Monosoma pulverata, a European alder-feeding sawfly, is reported as new to North America from specimens taken in Newfoundland. It is separated from the only native North American species of Monosoma, M. inferentia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 111 IS 4 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421YR UT WOS:000168091600002 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Haase, SM Sackett, SS AF Preisler, HK Haase, SM Sackett, SS TI Modeling and risk assessment for soil temperatures beneath prescribed forest fires SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE ambient temperature; autoregressive models; functional data; heat equation; nonlinear regression; random effects AB Prescribed fire is a management tool used by wildland resource management organizations in many ecosystems to reduce hazardous fuels and to achieve a host of other objectives. To study the effects of fire in naturally accumulating fuel conditions, the ambient soil temperature is monitored beneath prescribed burns. In this study we developed a stochastic model for temperature profiles (values at 15 minute intervals) recorded at four depths beneath the soil during a large prescribed burn study. The model was used to assess the temporal fit of the data to particular solutions of the heat equation. We used a random effects model to assess the effects of observed site characteristics on maximum temperatures and to estimate risks of temperatures exceeding critical levels in future similar prescribed fires. Contour plots of estimated risks of temperatures exceeding 60 degrees C for a range of fuel levels and soil depths indicated high risks of occurrence, especially when the moisture levels are low. However, the natural variability among sites seems to be large, even after controlling fuel and moisture levels, resulting in large standard errors of predicted risks. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 239 EP 254 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 360AW UT WOS:000089645100003 ER PT J AU Jakober, MJ McMahon, TE Thurow, RF AF Jakober, MJ McMahon, TE Thurow, RF TI Diel habitat partitioning by bull charr and cutthroat trout during fall and winter in Rocky Mountain streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salvelinus confluentus; Oncorhynchus clarki; salmonids; diel behavior; habitat use; winter ecology ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; SEASONAL-CHANGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; DOLLY VARDEN; MICROHABITAT; TEMPERATURE AB We used underwater observation to determine diel habitat partitioning between bull charr, Salvelinus confluentus, and cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki, during fall and winter (0.1-8.3 degrees C) in two Rocky Mountain streams that differed in habitat availability. The majority (> 70%) of both species emerged from concealment cover at night, though bull charr exhibited a greater tendency for nocturnal behavior than cutthroat trout. Differences in day and night counts were most pronounced at temperatures < 3 degrees C, when very few fish of either species were observed in the water column during the day, but both species were common at night. Both species used concealment cover of large woody debris and boulder substrate crevices in deep pools during the day. At night, fish emerged from cover and habitat use shifted to shallow water with low cover. Microhabitat partitioning among species and size classes occurred at night, cutthroat trout moving into shallower, faster water that was farther from cover compared to bull charr. Smaller fish of both species occupied focal positions in slower, shallower water closer to the substrate than larger fish. Large, mixed-species aggregations also were common in beaver ponds both day and night. High variation in diel and site-specific winter habitat use suggests the need for caution in developing habitat suitability criteria for salmonids based solely on daytime observations or on observations from a few sites. Our results support the need to incorporate nocturnal habitat use and partitioning in studies of salmonid ecology. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP McMahon, TE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 2000 VL 59 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1023/A:1007699610247 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 350UX UT WOS:000089120500010 ER PT J AU Nikov, GN Hopkins, NE Boue, S Alworth, WL AF Nikov, GN Hopkins, NE Boue, S Alworth, WL TI Interactions of dietary estrogens with human estrogen receptors and the effect on estrogen receptor-estrogen response element complex formation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer chemoprevention; dietary estrogens; estrogen receptor; estrogen response element; fluorescence polarization; phytoestrogens; xenoestrogens ID PHYTO-ESTROGENS; BREAST-CANCER; ER-BETA; EXPRESSION; BINDING; PHYTOESTROGENS; CHEMICALS; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; ALPHA AB Epidemiologic and experimental studies support the hypothesis that dietary estrogens from plant sources (phytoestrogens) may play a role in the prevention of breast and prostate cancer. The molecular mechanisms for such chemopreventive effect are still unclear. We investigated the possibility that phytoestrogens may bind differentially to estrogen receptor proteins (ER alpha and ER beta) and affect the interactions of the ligand-ER complexes with different estrogen response element (ERE) sequences. We used fluorescence polarization to measure the binding affinities of genistein, coumestrol, daidzein, glyceollin, and zearalenone for human ER alpha and ER beta. Competition binding experiments revealed higher affinity of the phytoestrogens for ER beta than for ER alpha. Genistein [median inhibitory concentration 12nM] is the most potent and has the same relative binding affinity for ER beta as 17 beta-estradiol. We also studied the effect of these phytoestrogens on the ability of ER alpha and ER beta to associate with specific DNA sequences (EREs). The direct binding of human recombinant estrogen receptors to fluorescein-labeled EREs indicates that phytoestrogens can cause conformational changes in both human ERs, which results in altered affinities of the complexes for the ERE from the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene and an ERE from the human pS2 gene. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Millsaps Coll, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39210 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Alworth, WL (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 36 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 9 BP 867 EP 872 DI 10.1289/ehp.00108867 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 360BW UT WOS:000089647400025 PM 11017892 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Cooper, CM TI Warmwater stream bank protection and fish habitat: A comparative study SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE streambank erosion; stream bank protection; fish; habitat; stream restoration ID CHANNEL INCISION; REHABILITATION; RIVER AB Fishes and their habitats were sampled in Harland Creek, Mississippi, for 3 years to compare the relative value of three types of bank treatment in an incised, warm-water stream. Semiannual samples were collected from 10 reaches: 3 reaches protected by each of the three types of protection (longitudinal stone toe, stone spurs, and dormant willow posts) and an unprotected, slowly eroding bend. Protection of concave banks of bends had no measurable effect on the habitat quality of downstream riffles. Although bends and adjacent downstream riffles were faunistically similar at the species level, catostomids and centrarchids were more dominant in pools and smaller cyprinids more dominant in riffles. Reaches with willow posts were slightly deeper than the others, most likely because of geomorphic factors rather than bank treatment. Mean water surface widths in reaches stabilized with stone spurs were 40% to 90% greater than for other treatments, and current velocities were greatest in reaches with stone toe. Patterns of fish abundance End species diversity did not differ significantly among treatments. However, principal components analysis indicated that the fish species distribution associated with the untreated reference site was distinct. Reaches stabilized with stone spurs supported significantly higher densities of large fish and higher levels of fish biomass per unit channel length than reaches with other bank treatments, generally confirming previous research in the region. initial costs for spurs were comparable to those for stone toe and about three times greater than for willow posts. C1 ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343QM UT WOS:000088713100006 ER PT J AU Graham, RT Quigley, TM Gravenmier, R AF Graham, RT Quigley, TM Gravenmier, R TI An integrated ecosystem assessment of the Interior Columbia Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE ecosystem management; ecological integrity; socioeconomic resiliency; resource use AB Driven by the need to replace interim direction, address recent species listings as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act, and break the gridlock of implementing actions, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (FS) and the U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), initiated an effort to develop a scientifically-sound, ecosystem-based strategy for lands they administer in the Interior Columbia Basin. The effort included an integrated assessment of 58.3 million ha in seven states describing the Basin's current conditions and risks associated with different management strategies. The assessment provides the foundation for environmental impact statements outlining management direction for 31 million hectares of FS and BLM administered lands. The process produced a framework for ecosystem management, ecosystem component (social, economic, landscape, terrestrial, and aquatic) assessments, and estimates of ecological integrity and socioeconomic resiliency. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Graham, RT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1006482232447 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600005 ER PT J AU Manley, PN Zielinski, WJ Stuart, CM Keane, JJ Lind, AJ Brown, C Plymale, BL Napper, CO AF Manley, PN Zielinski, WJ Stuart, CM Keane, JJ Lind, AJ Brown, C Plymale, BL Napper, CO TI Monitoring ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada: The conceptual model foundation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE monitoring; ecosystem processes; conceptual modeling; indicators; human impacts ID BIODIVERSITY AB Monitoring at large geographic scales requires a framework for understanding relationships between components and processes of an ecosystem and the human activities that affect them. We created a conceptual model that is centered on ecosystem processes, considers humans as part of ecosystems, and serves as a framework for selecting attributes for monitoring ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada. The model has three levels: 1) an ecosystem model that identifies five spheres (Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Sociocultural), 2) sphere: models that identify key ecosystem processes (e.g., photosynthesis), and 3) key process models that identify the "essential elements" that are required for the process to operate (e.g., solar radiation), the human activities ("affectors") that have negative and positive effects on the elements (e.g., air pollution), and the "consequences" of affectors acting on essential elements (e.g., change in primary productivity). We discuss use of the model to select attributes that best reflect the operation and integrity of the ecosystem processes. Model details can be viewed on the web at http://www.r5.fs.fed.us/sncf/spam_report/index.htm (Appendix section). C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg & Stn, So Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. RP Manley, PN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Reg & Stn, 1870 Emerald Bay Rd, So Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1023/A:1006419624637 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600014 ER PT J AU Desoyza, AG Whitford, WG Turner, SJ Van Zee, JW Johnson, AR AF Desoyza, AG Whitford, WG Turner, SJ Van Zee, JW Johnson, AR TI Assessing and monitoring the health of western rangeland watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE soil and water retention; bare patch size; percent bare soil; grass; shrub; remote sensing ID INDICATORS; DESERT AB The most important function of watersheds in the western U.S. is the capacity to retain soil and water, thereby providing stability in hydrologic head and minimizing stream sediment loads. Long-term soil and water retention varies directly with vegetation cover. Data on ground cover and plant species composition were collected from 129 sites in the Rio Grande drainage of south-central New Mexico. This area was previously assessed by classification of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometry (AVHRR) imagery. The classification of irreversibly degraded sites failed to identify most of the severely degraded sites based on size of bare patches and 35% of the sites classified as degraded were healthy based on mean bare patch size and vegetation cover. Previous research showed that an index of unvegetated soil (bare patch size and percent of ground without vegetative cover) was the most robust indicator of the soil and water retention function. Although the regression of mean bare patch size on percent bare ground was significant (p < 0.001), percent bare ground accounted for only 11% of the variability in bare patch size. Therefore bare patch size cannot be estimated from data on percent bare ground derived from remote sensing. At sires with less than 25% grass cover, and on sites with more than 15% shrub cover, there were significant relationships between percent bare soil and mean bare parch size (p < 0.05). Several other indicators of ecosystem health were related to mean bare patch size: perennial plant species richness (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001), percent cover of increaser species (r = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and percent cover of forage useable by livestock (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001). There was no relationship between bare patch size and cover of species that are toxic to livestock. In order to assess the ability of western rangeland watersheds to retain soil and water using remote sensing, it will be necessary to detect and estimate sizes of bare patches ranging between at least 0.5 m in diameter to several meters in diameter. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Desoyza, AG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1006423708707 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600015 ER PT J AU Jensen, ME Redmond, RL Dibenedetto, JP Bourgeron, PS Goodman, IA AF Jensen, ME Redmond, RL Dibenedetto, JP Bourgeron, PS Goodman, IA TI Application of ecological classification and predictive vegetation modeling to broad-level assessments of ecosystem health SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE rangeland health; ecosystem health; ecological classification; rangeland ecology; ecological modeling AB The Little Missouri National Grasslands (LMNG) of western North Dakota support the largest permitted cattle grazing use within all lands administered by the USDA, Forest Service, as well as critical habitat for many wildlife species. This fact, coupled with the need to revise current planning direction for range allotments of the LMNG, necessitated that a broad-level characterization of ecosystem integrity and resource conditions be conducted across all lands within the study area (approximately 800,000 hectares) in a rapid and cost-effective manner. The approach taken in this study was based on ecological classifications, which effectively utilized existing field plot data collected for a variety of previous inventory objectives, and their continuous spatial projection across the LMNG by maps of both existing and potential vegetation. These two map themes represent current and reference conditions (existing vs. potential vegetation); their intersection allowed us to assign various ecological status ratings (i.e., ecosystem integrity and resource condition) based on the degree of departure between current and reference conditions. In this paper, we present a brief review of methodologies used in the development of ecological classifications, and also illustrate their application to assessments of rangeland health through selected maps of ecological status ratings for the LMNG. C1 US Forest Serv, Ecol Applicat Serv Team, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Jensen, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ecol Applicat Serv Team, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1023/A:1006479926454 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600018 ER PT J AU Jensen, ME Reynolds, K Andreasen, J Goodman, IA AF Jensen, ME Reynolds, K Andreasen, J Goodman, IA TI A knowledge-based approach to the assessment of watershed condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE ecosystem health; watershed condition; watershed analysis; knowledge base; expert systems; artificial intelligence; decision support systems ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SPECIES TRAITS; STREAM; ASSEMBLAGES; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; RIVERS AB The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (Eh IDS) system is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological assessments. EMDS integrates geographic information system and knowledge base system technologies to provide an analytical tool for environmental assessment and monitoring. The basic objective of EMDS is to improve the quality and completeness of environmental assessments and the efficiency with which they are performed. The USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have cooperatively developed an EMDS knowledge base for watershed condition assessment. Specifically, this knowledge base evaluates watershed processes, patterns, general effects of human activity, and fisheries habitat suitability. Such assessments are based on spatially explicit input data concerning current conditions and reference conditions which are subsequently interpreted by user-defined "fuzzy" membership functions. In this paper we describe basic components of our knowledge base for assessing watershed condition and illustrate its application within northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ecol Applicat Serv Team, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Jensen, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ecol Applicat Serv Team, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RI Reynolds, Keith/B-3327-2009; OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1006489624154 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600023 ER PT J AU Hernandez, M Miller, SN Goodrich, DC Goff, BF Kepner, WG Edmonds, CM Jones, KB AF Hernandez, M Miller, SN Goodrich, DC Goff, BF Kepner, WG Edmonds, CM Jones, KB TI Modeling runoff response to land cover and rainfall spatial variability in semi-arid watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE watershed modeling simulation; surface water hydrology; GIS AB Hydrologic response is an integrated indicator of watershed condition, and significant changes in land cover may affect the overall health and function of a watershed. This paper describes a procedure for evaluating the effects of land cover change and rainfall spatial variability on watershed response. Two hydrologic models were applied on a small semi-arid watershed; one model is event-based with a one-minute time step (KINEROS), and the second is a continuous model with a daily time step (SWAT). The inputs to the models were derived from Geographic Information System (GIS) theme layers of USGS digital elevation models, the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO) and the Landsat-based North American Landscape Characterization classification (NALC) in conjunction with available literature and look up tables. Rainfall data from a network of 10 raingauges and historical stream flow data were used to calibrate runoff depth using the continuous hydrologic model from 1966 to 1974. No calibration was carried out for the event-based model, in which six storms from the same period were used in the calculation of runoff depth and peak runoff. The assumption on which much of this study is based is that land cover change and rainfall spatial variability affect the rainfall-runoff relationships on the watershed. To validate this assumption, simulations were carried out wherein the entire watershed was transformed from the 1972 NALC land cover, which consisted of a mixture of desertscrub and grassland, to a single uniform land cover type such as riparian, forest, oak woodland, mesquite woodland, desertscrub, grassland, urban, agriculture, and barren. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using widely available data sets for parameterizing hydrologic simulation models. The simulation results show that both models were able to characterize the runoff response of the watershed due to changes of land cover. C1 ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1023/A:1006445811859 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352XL UT WOS:000089244600024 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Schaible, GD AF Kim, CS Schaible, GD TI Economic benefits resulting from irrigation water use: Theory and an application to groundwater use SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE applied water; consumptive water use; economic benefits; indirect-profit maximization; misspecification bias ID QUALITY; DEMAND; TECHNOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; TEXAS AB Traditional economic analysis using a crop production function approach has assumed that all variable factors, including irrigation water, are fully employed in the crop production process. However, this paper first demonstrates that economic benefits of irrigation water are overestimated when the crop production function, and therefore the irrigation water demand function, is expressed in terms of irrigation water supplied, rather than consumptive irrigation water use. Second, the paper demonstrates that the magnitude of the estimation bias is proportional to the rate of irrigation water losses through leaching, runoff and evaporation. Consequently, the model misspecification problem would lead to increased irrigation water use and reduce incentives for farmers to adopt improved irrigation technologies. C1 Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, USDA, Rm 4057,1800 M Str NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1023/A:1008340504971 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355XT UT WOS:000089414400005 ER PT J AU Elliott, DE Urban, JF Argo, CK Weinstock, JV AF Elliott, DE Urban, JF Argo, CK Weinstock, JV TI Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ulcerative colitis; helminths; Th1/Th2 response; CD ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION; T-CELLS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; JEWISH POPULATION; TRICHURIS-MURIS; UNITED-STATES; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI AB Two polarized patterns (Th1 and Th2) of cytokines regulate inflammatory responses. Each cytokine pattern inhibits production of the opposing pattern. Lymphocytes from inflamed intestine due to Crohn's disease secrete a Th1 pattern of cytokines. Crohn's disease is most prevalent in highly industrialized countries with temperate climates. It occurs rarely in tropical third world countries with poor sanitation. We propose that exposure to an environmental agent predisposes individuals to Crohn's disease. Parasitic worms (helminths) are common in tropical climates and in populations subject to crowding and poor sanitation. Children are most subject to helminthic colonization. Many helminths live within or migrate through the human gut where they interact with the mucosal immune system. The host mounts a mucosal response that includes Th2 cytokine production limiting helminthic colonization. Helminths and their eggs probably are the most potent stimulators of mucosal Th2 responses. The Th2 response provoked by parasitic worms can modulate immune reactions to unrelated parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Many people in developed countries now live in increasingly hygienic environments, avoiding exposure to helminths. Perhaps failure to acquire these parasites and experience mucosal Th2 conditioning predisposes to Crohn's disease, which is an overly active Th1 inflammation. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elliott, DE (reprint author), Univ Hosp 4611 JCP, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM38327]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02428] NR 97 TC 158 Z9 172 U1 2 U2 29 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1848 EP 1855 DI 10.1096/fj.99-0885hyp PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 352JU UT WOS:000089212400024 PM 10973934 ER PT J AU Romagni, JG Meazza, G Nanayakkara, NPD Dayan, FE AF Romagni, JG Meazza, G Nanayakkara, NPD Dayan, FE TI The phytotoxic lichen metabolite, usnic acid, is a potent inhibitor of plant p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bleaching herbicide; lichen; p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; phytotoxin; Alectoria sarmentosa ID PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; HERBICIDES AB The lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid exists as a (-) and a (+) enantiomer, indicating a alpha or beta projection of the methyl group at position 9b, respectively, (-)-Usnic caused a dose-dependent bleaching of the cotyledonary tissues associated with a decrease of both chlorophylls and carotenoids in treated plants whereas no bleaching was observed with the (+) enantiomer, (-)-Usnic acid inhibited protophorphyrinogen oxidase activity (I-50 = 3 mu M), but did not lead to protoporphyrin IX accumulation. Bleaching appears to be caused by irreversible inhibition of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by (-)-usnic acid (apparent IC50 = 50 nM), (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Isagro Ric Srl, I-28100 Novara, Italy. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Romagni, JG (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 23 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 480 IS 2-3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01907-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 352HR UT WOS:000089209900047 PM 11034349 ER PT J AU Redmon, SG Forrest, TG Markin, GP AF Redmon, SG Forrest, TG Markin, GP TI Biology of Bruchidius villosus (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) on Scotch broom in North Carolina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE broom weevil; oviposition; seed destruction; Scotch broom; Cytisus scoparius AB Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (L.), a weed in the Pacific Northwest, is rapidly invading open areas and ecologically sensitive dunes along the coast. Scotch broom populations also exist in the eastern United States, but are apparently stable and not expanding. The eastern Scotch broom populations may be kept in check by the broom weevil, Bruchidius villosus (F.), a bruchid found in eastern populations of broom but absent from those in the Northwest (Bottimer 1968). We studied the natural history and biology of the broom weevil in North Carolina. Our purpose was to relate the bruchid's life history to the phenology of the host plant and to quantify oviposition and seed destruction by the bruchids. Adult weevils were active around the plant from the first flowering in early spring until dehiscence of the seedpods in summer. The sex ratio of the beetles was nearly 1:1 throughout the adult activity season. The number of weevil eggs laid on the pods was correlated to the length of the pod and to the number of seeds in the pod. The larvae develop in and destroy the seeds of the broom plant. Seed destruction at two sites in North Carolina was more than 80%; a field experiment showed that seed destruction was dependent on the density of beetles in cages on the plants. Because of its impact on seed production, the broom weevil may be a viable candidate for biological control of broom in the Northwest. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Montana State Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Redmon, SG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 3 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.2307/3496342 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358AM UT WOS:000089535100003 ER PT J AU Szalanski, AL Roehrdanz, RL Taylor, DB AF Szalanski, AL Roehrdanz, RL Taylor, DB TI Genetic relationship among Diabrotica species (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) based on rDNA and mtDNA sequences SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica; rootworm; phylogenetics; mitochondrial DNA; ribosomal DNA ID RATES; CORN AB Corn rootworms of the genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most serious pest of corn in midwestern United States. Despite their economic importance, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of five Diabrotica species and subspecies was undertaken using DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) and a portion of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I and II genes (COI/COII). Parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that southern corn rootworm is sister to banded cucumber beetle, whereas, northern corn rootworm forms a distinct clade with western and Mexican corn rootworm. ITS1 and COI/COII were found to be useful markers for determining phylogenetic relationships among diabroticites. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Szalanski, AL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 3 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.2307/3496344 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358AM UT WOS:000089535100005 ER PT J AU Sumerford, DV Solomon, WL AF Sumerford, DV Solomon, WL TI Growth of wild Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae collected from Bt and non-Bt cotton SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sumerford, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 3 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.2307/3496355 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358AM UT WOS:000089535100016 ER PT J AU Calcaterra, LA Briano, JA Williams, DF AF Calcaterra, LA Briano, JA Williams, DF TI New host for the parasitic ant Solenopsis daguerrei (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Argentina SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FIRE ANTS C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Calcaterra, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559, RA-1686 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 3 BP 363 EP 365 DI 10.2307/3496358 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358AM UT WOS:000089535100019 ER PT J AU Johanowicz, DL Mitchell, ER AF Johanowicz, DL Mitchell, ER TI A novel method to rear Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Johanowicz, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 3 BP 377 EP 379 DI 10.2307/3496363 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358AM UT WOS:000089535100024 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM McCormick, SP AF Maragos, CM McCormick, SP TI Monoclonal antibodies for the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; vomitoxin; immunoassay; antibody; analysis ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEAT; 15-ACETYLDEOXYNIVALENOL; VOMITOXIN; CEREALS; GRAINS; BARLEY; FEEDS AB The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by the mold Fusarium graminearum and is found worldwide on cereal grains, in particular wheat and maize. Each year this compound, also known as `vomitoxin' causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Three monoclonal antibodies were developed following the immunization of mice with a conjugate of DON and ovalbumin. One of these antibodies, produced by clone #22, was selected for the development of a competitive direct ELISA (CD-ELISA). This format consists of competition between a DON horseradish peroxidase conjugate (DON-HRP) and free DON for antibody attached to microwell plates. Color development in the assay was inhibited 50% (IC50) by 18 ng DON/ml in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The antibody from this clone showed strong cross-reactivity to 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), with an IC50 of 2.9 ng ml(-1) Cross-reactivity to 19 other trichothecene mycotoxins was low. The CD-ELISA was applied to wheat spiked with DON over the range 0.01-10 mu g/g and extracted with a 10-fold excess of PBS. The midpoint for color development in the assay using this extraction was 0.27 mu g DON/g wheat. Recoveries over the range 0.05-5 mu g/g averaged 88.7% with a coefficient of variation of 10.9%. This assay is sufficiently sensitive and rapid to permit the screening of DON in wheat below the US Food and Drug Administration advisory level of 1 ppm in human food. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 358PU UT WOS:000089567100001 ER PT J AU Enongene, EN Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Voss, KA Riley, RT AF Enongene, EN Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Voss, KA Riley, RT TI Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in small intestines, liver and kidney of mice dosed subcutaneously with fumonisin B-1 SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium moniliforme; sphingolipids; liver; kidney; gastrointestinal ID CUT RAT-LIVER; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOSINE RATIO; LLC-PK1 CELLS; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXIN; BASES; ACCUMULATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INHIBITION AB Fumonisin B-1 is a fungal inhibitor of ceramide synthase, a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids. The resulting increase in tissue free sphinganine (and sometimes sphingosine) is used as a biomarker for fumonisin exposure. This study determined whether a single subcutaneous injection of fumonisin B-1 could cause an increase in free sphingoid bases in the intestinal epithelial cells of mice over 24 hr. It was hypothesized that fumonisin administered subcutaneously would be excreted into the small intestine via biliary excretion, and this should be detectable by increased sphingoid bases in the intestine. A significant time-dependent increase in sphingoid bases occurred in the intestine and liver peaking at 4-8 hr and declining to control levels by 24 hr. In the kidney the increase in free sphinganine was persistent. The parallel time course of the change in sphinganine in the intestine and liver suggested fumonisin B-1 was rapidly excreted into the small intestine. Rapid cell turnover in the intestine could account for the reversal of the sphinganine increase. The rapid return to the control level in liver was unexpected since ceramide synthase inhibition in cultured cells is persistent suggesting that liver handles fumonisin B-1 or sphingoid bases quite differently than kidney. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 793 EP 799 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00065-X PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 348NR UT WOS:000088991500007 PM 10930700 ER PT J AU Luppold, W Baumgras, J Barrett, G AF Luppold, W Baumgras, J Barrett, G TI Characteristics of the eastern "grade" hardwood sawmilling industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a current analysis of an important segment of the hardwood lumber industry termed "grade mills" or sawmills that primarily produce lumber graded under National Hardwood Lumber Association rules. The analysis found considerable differences between mills that use bandsaws for initial log breakdown (band mills) and mills that use a circle saw for initial log breakdown (circle mills). On average, band mills were found to be larger than circle mills, have a greater kiln-drying capacity, and export a higher proportion of lumber relative to production. The analysis also found that mills that used high-cost, computerized edgers and bin sorters are more likely to be band mills. A regional analysis of this industry showed that mills in the Southern and Appalachian regions are larger than those in other regions of the eastern United States. However, New England mills exported proportionally more lumber than mills in other regions, while firms in the Midwest had considerably greater dry-kiln capacity. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Sta, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Weekly Hardwood Review, Charlotte, NC 28247 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Sta, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 IS 9 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 356LT UT WOS:000089445300006 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, MS Bush, RJ West, CD AF Bumgardner, MS Bush, RJ West, CD TI Beyond yield improvement: Selected marketing aspects of character-marked furniture SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIRST ROUGH MILLS; PRODUCT; INCREASE AB This study investigated marketing and product development issues associated with character-marked furniture. Previous research has indicated that inclusion of character-marks, or naturally occurring features of wood considered defects under the standard hardwood lumber grading system, is a potentially effective strategy for improving lumber utilization and lowering overall lumber costs for furniture manufacturers. Yet, use of character-marks in hardwood furniture remains limited. Interview-based case studies were developed to better understand the experiences large furniture manufacturers have had with character-marked products. Factors associated with successful development and marketing of character-marked furniture are investigated with regard to designer influence, interaction with retailers, and product design. Also, common barriers to character-mark acceptance are identified and discussed. This information will help guide third-party efforts aimed toward increasing the use of character-marks in hardwood furniture products, and aid furniture manufacturers considering increased use of character-marks in their product mix. C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest Prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Bumgardner, MS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 IS 9 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 356LT UT WOS:000089445300011 ER PT J AU Baumann, MGD Lorenz, LF Batterman, SA Zhang, GZ AF Baumann, MGD Lorenz, LF Batterman, SA Zhang, GZ TI Aldehyde emissions from particleboard and medium density fiberboard products SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; WOOD; PINE; FORMALDEHYDE AB Indoor air quality problems resulting from the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become an issue of increasing concern. Emissions from building and furnishing materials, which are frequently constructed from particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF), are a potentially important contributor of indoor VOCs. In this research, VOC emissions from particleboard and MDF were measured in small (53-L) stainless steel chambers for 4 days. Samples were collected from 53 of the 61 U.S. mills that produce particleboard and MDF. Each mill identified the predominant tree species used to manufacture the panels. Laboratory tests were conducted at room temperature and 45 percent relative humidity. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify and quantify VOC compounds. The predominant compounds identified in the emissions from particleboard and MDF samples were terpenes and aldehydes, although small straight-chain alcohols and ketones were also found. This study describes the aldehyde emission data, excluding formaldehyde. Emissions of small straight-chain aldehydes, such as hexanal, pentanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal, generally exceeded emissions of other compounds and accounted for more than 50 percent of total VOC emissions. All 53 particleboard and 16 of 18 MDF samples emitted hexanal, the most prevalent aldehyde found (excluding formaldehyde). The tests showed differences in VOC composition and emission factors by product and tree type. On average, aldehyde emissions from southern pine MDF samples considerably exceeded the aldehyde emissions from southern pine particleboard. Emissions from all other MDF samples, however, were lower than those from particleboard samples in the same species group. With the exception of formaldehyde, aldehydes are not added to the adhesives used to bond wood, and they have not previously been reported as extractable compounds in wood. Degradation of the wood or its secondary metabolites is probably responsible for the presence of the aldehydes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Baumann, MGD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 NR 31 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 21 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 IS 9 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 356LT UT WOS:000089445300015 ER PT J AU Stone, DM Elioff, JD AF Stone, DM Elioff, JD TI Soil disturbance and aspen regeneration on clay soils: Three case histories SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE aspen management; site disturbance; sustainable management; logging damage; soil rutting; root damage; evapotranspiration; soil aeration; clearcutting with residuals AB Sustaining forest productivity requires maintaining soil productivity and prompt establishment of adequate regeneration following harvest. We determined effects of commercial, winter-logging of aspen-dominated stands on soil disturbance and development of regeneration on three sites with clay soils. We established transects across each site, recorded pre-harvest stand information, post-harvest site disturbance, and first-year aspen sucker density and height. Use of large logging equipment produced heavy disturbance on 38% of a well-drained site; 45% of the area had no aspen suckers and 82% had less than the recommended minimum of 15 000 (15 k) suckers per ha (6 k ac(-1)). Mean height of dominant suckers was 45 cm (18 in). Hand felling and a small skidder caused heavy disturbance on 12% of a moderately well-drained site. Sucker density averaged 34 k ha(-1) (14 k ac(-1)) and height was 97 cm (38 in). Cut-to-length (CTL) equipment produced heavy disturbance on 11% of a somewhat poorly-drained site, mean sucker density of 24 k ha(-1) (9.6 k ac(-1)), and height of 101 cm (40 in). These severely disturbed areas essentially are removed from the aspen-producing land base. Retaining the northern hardwood and conifer growing stock would result in less site disturbance and help maintain natural hydrologic and nutrient cycling processes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Stone, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM dstone01@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 5 BP 747 EP 752 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 375VF UT WOS:000165421400031 ER PT J AU Nightingale, ZD Lancha, AH Handelman, SK Dolnikowski, GG Busse, SC Dratz, EA Blumberg, JB Handelman, GJ AF Nightingale, ZD Lancha, AH Handelman, SK Dolnikowski, GG Busse, SC Dratz, EA Blumberg, JB Handelman, GJ TI Relative reactivity of lysine and other peptide-bound amino acids to oxidation by hypochlorite SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypochlorite; lysine; tryptophan; methionine; NMR; HPLC; electrospray/MS; dichloramine; free radicals ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN OXIDATION; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; TYROSYL RESIDUES; MYELOPEROXIDASE; STRESS; OXYGEN; BRAIN; INACTIVATION; CHLORINATION AB Antibacterial and inflammatory responses of neutrophils and macrophages produce hypochlorite as a major oxidant. Numerous side chains of amino acids found in extracellular proteins can be modified by hypochlorite, including His, Arg, Tyr, Lys, Trp, and Met. We studied the relative reactivity of each of these amino acid residues in short N-blocked peptides, where other residues in the peptide were highly resistant to hypochlorite attack. Hypochlorite treatment led to modified peptides in each case, which were detected by changes in retention on reversed-phase HPLC. A distinct single product, consuming two equivalents of hypochlorite per equivalent of peptide, was obtained from the Lys-containing peptides. UV spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray/mass spectroscopy identified this product as the dichloramine at the epsilon-amino group of the Lys side chain. The dichloramine at Lys did not decompose to form a detectable amount of carbonyl reactive with dinitrophenylhydrazine. The dichloramine at Lys did however quantitatively revert back to Lys during HCl digestion of the tetrapeptide for amino acid analysis, with simultaneous modification of the adjacent Phe residue. The formation of the dichloramine at Lys was not blocked by peptides or acetylated amino acids that contained Tyr, His, or Arg. In contrast, the presence of equimolar Met-containing peptide, or N-Acetyl-Trp, both inhibited the formation of the dichloramine at Lys. Thus, Met and Trp side chains of proteins might be able to protect Lys from chloramine formation under some circumstances, but this interpretation must consider that Met and Trp are typically found in relatively inaccessible hydrophobic sites, whereas lysine is typically exposed on the protein surface. The hierarchy of amino acid reactivities examined here will aid in the prediction of residues in biological samples most Likely to be modified by hypochlorite. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Biodynam Dept, Butanta, Brazil. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Handelman, GJ (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Hlth & Clin Sci, 3 Solomont Way,Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Lancha Jr, Antonio/C-9130-2012 OI Lancha Jr, Antonio/0000-0003-2128-1182 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY060913] NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00262-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 361FW UT WOS:000089713400007 PM 11020664 ER PT J AU Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Ananiev, EV Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Riera-Lizarazu, O Vales, MI Ananiev, EV Rines, HW Phillips, RL TI Production and characterization of maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids derived from an oat-maize addition line SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN GENOME; PHYSICAL MAP; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REPETITIVE DNA; RICE GENOME; CONTIG MAP; REGIONS; ORGANIZATION; WHEAT AB In maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. Maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42),where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. Maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat is an allohexaploid in which multiple copies of the oat basic genome provide buffering to chromosomal aberrations and other mutations. Irradiation (gamma rays at 30, 40, and 50 krad) of a monosomic maize chromosome 9 addition line produced maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids (M9RHs)-oat lines possessing different fragments of maize chromosome 9 including intergenomic translocations and modified maize addition chromosomes with internal and terminal deletions. M9RHs with 1 to 10 radiation-induced breaks per chromosome were identified. We estimated that a panel of 100 informative M9RHs (with an average of 3 breaks per chromosome) would allow mapping at the 0.5- to 1.0-Mb level of resolution. Because mapping with maize chromosome addition lines and radiation hybrid derivatives involves assays for the presence or absence of a given marker, monomorphic markers can be quickly and efficiently mapped to a chromosome region. Radiation hybrid derivatives also represent sources of region-specific DNA for cloning of genes or DNA markers. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Riera-Lizarazu, O (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 107 Crop Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Riera-Lizarazu, Oscar/0000-0002-7477-4063 NR 60 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2000 VL 156 IS 1 BP 327 EP 339 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 352HQ UT WOS:000089209800027 PM 10978296 ER PT J AU Doyle, MW Shields, FD AF Doyle, MW Shields, FD TI Incorporation of bed texture into a channel evolution model SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bed material size; downstream fining; channel evolution models ID RIVER GRAVEL; ADJUSTMENTS; ABRASION; STREAMS; LEVEL AB Channel evolution models (CEM) have been developed to qualitatively describe the morphological adjustments of channels undergoing incision, but the grain size of the river bed material has not been addressed in existing evolution models. Herein, bed material grain size is incorporated into an existing CEM to describe the sequence of grain size changes. The analysis is based on the data from bed material that were available from a 1986 sampling program in northwestern Mississippi. Samples were taken along three sand-and-gravel-bed channels at 300-m intervals. To provide a comparable data set, sampling was repeated in 1996. Observed longitudinal grain size distributions were highly variable in space and time. Overall downstream fining trends were absent. Bed texture in incising channels is as dynamic as channel morphology, with composition shifting from a mixture dominated by sand to one dominated by gravel, or vice versa, within a decade or less. The modified CEM predicted direction of changes in grain size in a meandering incising channel, but not within two straightened, incising channels, most likely due to the complex influence of upstream and lateral sediment sources (bed and bank erosion). We suggest that over the temporal(10 years) and spatial scales (similar to 10 to 20 km) of this study, sediment sources are the dominant factor in the development of longitudinal grain size distributions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Doyle, MW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1397 Civil Engn Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00014-3 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 380UZ UT WOS:000165723000010 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, GJ Scow, KM Hill, JE AF Fitzgerald, GJ Scow, KM Hill, JE TI Fallow season straw and water management effects on methane emissions in California rice SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CH4 EMISSIONS; FLOODED RICE; SOIL; PADDIES; FLUX; ATMOSPHERE; FIELDS; FERTILIZER; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE AB In response to legislative mandate to reduce postharvest straw burning and environmental concerns to restore wetland habitat for Pacific fly-way waterfowl, California rice growers are incorporating straw into soil and flooding rice fields in winter. These changes were hypothesized to alter soil carbon cycling pathways across the region. The principal objective of this study was to determine how various winter fallowed straw and water management changes would affect year-round methane emissions. Main plots were winter flood and nonflood, and subplots had straw treatments: burned, soil incorporated, or rolled (partially soil incorporated). Results showed the principal factor controlling methane emissions was the interaction of flooding and straw amendments. The presence of either water or straw alone led to low emissions. Winter emissions accounted for 50% of annual totals in straw-amended treatments despite lower temperatures and the presence of plants in summer. Summer emissions were significantly influenced by winter straw amendments but not by winter flood. Postdrain peaks after winter drain accounted for 10-13% of annual emissions in treatments with amended straw. Although rolled and incorporated treatments had similar straw inputs, methane fluxes from rolled treatments were higher than from incorporated treatments. Measurements of methane should be conducted year-round to capture fallow and postdrain fluxes and improve global emission estimates. Regional emission estimates showed that 2.6 times more methane was emitted after flooding plus incorporation was implemented than before the legislative mandate was enacted. C1 USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst, Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fitzgerald, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst, Res Unit, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.1029/2000GB001259 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350EZ UT WOS:000089089000005 ER PT J AU Byers, RA Barker, GM AF Byers, RA Barker, GM TI Soil dwelling macro-invertebrates in intensively grazed dairy pastures in Pennsylvania, New York and Vermont SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; INTRODUCED EARTHWORMS; METABOLIC QUOTIENT; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LEAF-LITTER; GRASSLAND; GROWTH; COLEOPTERA; FAUNA; PRODUCTIVITY AB This study estimates the relative contributions of environment and farm management strategies in influencing soil faunal assemblages and attempts tl, identify the species with potential to affect sustainability of intensive grazing management systems in the north-eastern USA. it arises because of the change from confinement feeding of daily cattle, consequent upon concerns about negative environmental effects, the rising costs for machinery and housing, and reduced profit margins, together with the absence of data from which the consequences of such change on thc soil fauna may be predicted. Macro-invertebrates we-re sampled in soil from seventy-eight grazed pastures on twenty-one dairy farms in Pennsylvania, USA, in the spring of 1994. On five of these farms, macro-invertebrates were sampled (four pastures per farm) in the spring, summer and autumn seasons of 1994, 1995 and 1996. In 1997, macroinvertebrates were Sampled in sail during spring, summer and autumn from (four pastures per farm) on three farms in New York, and during spring and summer on three farms in Vermont. Species richness ranged from two to twelve species (mean 6.4) per pasture site in Pennsylvania and Ave to eighteen species (mean 10.7) in New York and Vermont. The communities were dominated at most sites by earthworms. Earthworms were correlated with soil basal and substrate-induced respiration/carbon ratio, and soil moisture, bur were negatively correlated with cows per hectare and herbage biomass in Pennsylvania. Sitona larvae were recorded at nineteen of the twenty-one farms during the spring of 1994 across Pennsylvania and occurred at populations >5 m(-2) in 68% of the sampled pastures. Sitona larvae were less abundant in New York and Vermont. Elaterid larvae comprised a complex of seven species of which Aeolus melillus (Say) and Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) comprised 35% and 39%, respectively, of the elaterids collected in Pennsylvania. Agriotes mancus (Say) and Ctenicera destructor (Brown) comprised 41% and 26%, respectively, of four species collected in New York and Vermont. Scarabaeid larvae, comprising a complex of fight species, were detected at only 27% of the seventy-eight pastures sampled in spring 1994 in Pennsylvania. Five species were collected in ten of the twelve New York pastures and lour species in nine of the twelve Vermont pastures. Populations of scarabaeid larvae averaged <25 m(-2) in all three states, except in three Pennsylvania pastures in spring 1994. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) showed pasture standing biomass, legume diversity, pre-winter stubble height, white clover pasture content, and soil phosphorus levels influenced numbers of invertebrate species more than climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, altitude, latitude and seasonal water table. DCCA also showed most pastures to be close to the average of environmental factors. The extremely low density of herbivorous macro-invertebrates in soil and the absence of pest outbreaks may indicate a stable soil ecosystem. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Landcare Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Byers, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 55 IS 3 BP 253 EP 270 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 359BV UT WOS:000089592400007 ER PT J AU Petrice, TR Haack, RA Mattson, WJ Birr, BA AF Petrice, TR Haack, RA Mattson, WJ Birr, BA TI Leucanthiza dircella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae): A leafminer of leatherwood, Dirca palustris SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Leatherwood, Dirca palustris (Thymelaeaceae), is an understory shrub ranging throughout most of the eastern and central United States and adjacent Canada. During 1997-1999, we conducted studies to identify and assess the impact of a leafminer that was causing significant damage to leatherwood plants in eastern Gogebic County, Michigan. Leucanthiza dircella was identified as the only insect responsible for the leaf mining activity on leatherwood. In northern Michigan, L. dircella completed one generation per year. Adult moths were captured on yellow sticky panels suspended from leatherwood branches. In 1997 and 1998, most adults were captured during the first sampling period of each year: 6-12 June 1997 and 3-19 May 1998. In 1999, no moths were collected during 5-29 April but adults were collected between 30 April and 22 June 1999. In 1999, initiation of adult flight coincided with D. palustris leaf flush. In 1997, leaf mines were very noticeable by 30 June. The mean number of live L. dircella larvae per mine was 3.5 on 17 July 1997 and then decreased as the season progressed, with most larvae having exited the mines by late August to pupate in the soil. In late August 1997, the mean surface area of a single leaf was 17.8 cm(2) and the mean surface area of a single mine was 5.9 cm(2). At the end of the 1997 growing season, 31% of the leatherwood leaves contained L. dircella mines, and 11% of the total leaf surface area had been mined. In 1999, only 8% of the leaves in the study area contained L. dircella mines. No leatherwood mortality was evident as a result of L. dircella leaf mining. Seven species of hymenopteran parasitoids were reared from L. dircella larvae, including one braconid in the genus Pholetesor and six eulophids in the genera Chrysocharis, Closterocerus, Pnigalio, and Sympiesis. Three coleopterans that were commonly observed on leatherwood plants during all years included: Glyptina brunnea (Chrysomelidae), Phyllobius oblongus (Curculionidae) and Polydrusus sericeus (Curculionidae). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Petrice, TR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2000 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 545YW UT WOS:000175246000004 ER PT J AU Mohr, JA Whitlock, C Skinner, CN AF Mohr, JA Whitlock, C Skinner, CN TI Postglacial vegetation and fire history, eastern Klamath Mountains, California, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE fire history; vegetation history; charcoal records; Holocene; Pacific Northwest; Klamath Mountains ID CHARCOAL ACCUMULATION; NATIONAL-PARK; COAST RANGE; OREGON; LAKE; SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE AB Pollen and high-resolution charcoal data from Bluff Lake and Crater Lake, California, indicate similar changes in climate, vegetation and fire history during the last 15 500 years. Pollen data at Bluff Lake suggest that the vegetation between c. 15 500 and 13 100 cal. BP consisted of subalpine parkland with scattered Pinus and Abies. After 13 100 cal. BP a relatively closed forest of P. monticola, P. contorta and Abies developed, and fire-event frequency was low. The inferred climate then was cooler and wetter than present. Pinus and Quercus vaccinifolia dominated at both sites during the early Holocene, when conditions were warm and dry. As climate became wetter and cooler in the late Holocene, Abies spp. at both sites and Tsuga mertensiana at Crater Lake increased in importance, displacing Pinus and Quercus. The two lake records have similar trends in fire history, with high event frequencies at c. 8400, 4000 and 1000 cal. BP and low values at c. 4800 cal. BP. The fire and vegetation history at both sites suggests a similar response to large-scale changes in climate during the Holocene. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Mohr, JA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 49 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 21 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS 5 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.1191/095968300675837671 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 341FY UT WOS:000088581400005 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Chapman, DJ Robbins, RA D'Asaro, EA AF Evens, TJ Chapman, DJ Robbins, RA D'Asaro, EA TI An analytical flat-plate photobioreactor with a spectrally attenuated light source for the incubation of phytoplankton under dynamic light regimes SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE photobioreactor; dynamic irradiance; Lagrangian float; microalgae ID QUANTUM YIELD; MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IRRADIANCE; PHOTOADAPTATION; FLUORESCENCE; PRODUCTIVITY; CHLORELLA; ENERGY; RATES; RESPIRATION AB An inexpensive and simple, analytical microalgal photobioreactor with a highly controllable, dynamic, spectrally attenuated light source is described. Spectral attenuation is achieved through the introduction of a variable thickness of CuSO4 solution between the photobioreactor and a light source. The level of liquid is precisely determined via a computer-controlled peristaltic pump, which can be programmed to pump at a variety of rates. The resultant light fields consist of a wide range of irradiance intensities with concomitant spectral narrowing, which closely mimics modeled clear water attenuation patterns. Irradiance dynamics associated with virtually any mixing regime can be achieved. The culturing apparatus of the analytical photobioreactor is based on traditional flat-plate, photobioreactor design, but with several modifications: (1) The light path has been reduced to 1 cm to assure a uniform light field is experienced by all phytoplankton at relatively low cell densities; (2) carbon dioxide concentrations are kept constant through a negative feedback mechanism that pulses CO2 into a constant air stream when culture media pH rises above a set point; (3) temperature is controlled in a similar manner, through the addition of cooling water to a water jacket in response to an increase in culture media temperature. This design is intended for use in photophysiological and bio- physical studies of microalgae under highly controlled culture conditions. It should prove easily adaptable to any number of more complex configurations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Evens, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2000 VL 434 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1004069808148 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 366AN UT WOS:000089982800006 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Gomez-Flores, R Weber, RJ AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Gomez-Flores, R Weber, RJ TI Activation of rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions by fumonisin B-1 SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; macrophage activation; nitric oxide; T cell proliferation; cell growth ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; BROILER CHICKS; T-CELL; PROLIFERATION; CYTOTOXICITY; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY AB Fumonisins represent a family of toxic, structurally related metabolites produced by fungi that are found in corn worldwide. We investigated the effects of the mycotoxin, fumonisin B-1, on rat splenic macrophage and lymphocyte functions. Pretreatment (24 h) of resident macrophages with fumonisin B-1 (1, 10, and 100 mu g/ml) significantly (p < 0.01) stimulated nitric oxide production (0.48, 2.60, and 4.40 nmol nitrite/well, respectively), compared with the response of untreated macrophages (no nitrite detected), after 72 h of culture. Fumonisin B-1 (1 and 10 mu g/ml) and IFN-gamma acted in an additive manner to activate nitric oxide production. The response of IFN-gamma (50 U/ml)-activated macrophages (1.68 nmol nitrite/well) was potentiated (3.52, 4.96, and 4.44 nmol nitrite/well) by fumonisin B-1 (1, 10, and 100 mu g/ml, respectively). In addition, fumonisin B-1 significantly (p < 0.05) potentiated Con A (1.25 to 5 mu g/ml) (1.46- to 2.62-fold increases)- and antiTCR, IL-2 or antiTCR + IL-2 (1.72- to 2.60-fold increases)-induced proliferation of splenic cells in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA). These results show two distinct and separate effects of fumonisin B-1: it induces nitric oxide production by macrophages and it stimulates T cell proliferation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA/AI08988] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0162-3109 J9 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY JI Immunopharmacology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 49 IS 3 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00262-9 PG 9 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 358QK UT WOS:000089568600018 PM 10996037 ER PT J AU Link, CJ Moorman, DW Ackerman, M Levy, JP Seregina, T AF Link, CJ Moorman, DW Ackerman, M Levy, JP Seregina, T TI Murine retroviral vector producer cells survival and toxicity in the peritoneal cavity of dogs SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE gene therapy; herpes simplex thymidine kinase; ganciclovir; enzyme and prodrug; ovarian cancer ID THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA; SUICIDE GENE; GLIOMA-CELLS; BRAIN-TUMORS; TRANSDUCTION; THERAPY; GANCICLOVIR; CANCER AB Retroviral vector producer cells (VPC) can effectively transfer genes in vivo. To develop a safe method to target gene delivery into intraperitoneal tumors, we have examined the toxicity of intraperitoneal (IP) infusion of retroviral VPC in a xenogeneic canine model. Mongrel dogs were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 2 x 10(9) murine LTKOSN.2 VPC. The animals did not demonstrate acute toxicity and tolerated the IP infusion of the cells without difficulty. Starting 7 days after IP injection, the dogs received intravenous injections of ganciclovir (GCV) twice daily (5 mg/kg) for 7 days. The treatment dogs underwent peritoneal washings on days 3, 7 and 14 after their initial infusion of cells to study the persistence of the VPC. GCV treatment did not cause significant toxicities. Dogs underwent serial blood tests to evaluate bone marrow, renal, liver and immunological function. Complete blood counts, electrolytes and renal function remained normal throughout the study. Although, transient mild elevations occurred of serum alkaline phosphate, the remaining hepatic enzymes remained normal. Histologic examination of tissues from animals sacrificed after the IP administration of the VPC revealed no tissue destruction of the normal peritoneal lining. The dogs mounted an antibody response to the murine VPC that was first observed 7 days post injection. PCR analysis of selected tissues after GCV administration did not reveal persistent vector sequences. These results demonstrated that the injection of xenogeneic VPC is not accompanied by significant adverse effects over a 1 month period following administration into the canine peritoneal cavity. These data support the potential clinical application of the VPC in Phase I clinical trials in humans. C1 Cent Iowa Hlth Syst, Human Gene Therapy Res Inst, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Link, CJ (reprint author), Cent Iowa Hlth Syst, Human Gene Therapy Res Inst, 1415 Woodland Ave, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0258-851X J9 IN VIVO JI In Vivo PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 405MT UT WOS:000167164100012 ER PT J AU Link, CJ Seregina, T Levy, JP Martin, M Ackermann, M Moorman, DW AF Link, CJ Seregina, T Levy, JP Martin, M Ackermann, M Moorman, DW TI Murine retroviral vector producer cells survival and toxicity in the dog liver SO IN VIVO LA English DT Article DE gene therapy; herpes simplex thymidine kinase; ganciclovir; enzyme and prodrug; hepatoma; colon cancer ID THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; BRAIN-TUMORS; RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA; SUICIDE GENE; GLIOMA-CELLS; THERAPY; TRANSDUCTION; GANCICLOVIR; CANCER; SYSTEM AB To develop a safe method to target gene delivery into intrahepatic tumors, we examined the toxicity of intrahepatic (IH) injection of retroviral vector producer cells (VPC) into the canine liver. VPC have been demonstrated to effectively transfer genes in vivo. To evaluate for adverse effects form xenogeneic cell transplantation, mongrel dogs were injected IH with 1 x 10(9) murine LTKOSN.2 VPC divided into three aliquots. The animals were then monitored for acute toxicity induced by the VPC. The intraoperative IH injections of the cells were tolerated without difficulty. Starting 7 days after IH injection, the dogs then received intravenous ganciclovir (GCV) twice daily (5 mg/kg) for 7 days. GCV treatment did not cause significant toxicities. Dogs underwent serial blood tests to evaluate bone marrow, renal, liver and immunological function. Complete blood counts, electrolytes, liver function and renal function tests remained normal except for mild elevations of alkaline phosphatase. Histologic examination of liver tissues from the IH injection site revealed no apparent normal tissue destruction induced by the VPC. Two of the four treated dogs underwent liver biopsy on day 3. These biopsy specimens were cultured and persistent, viable VPC were recovered. The dogs mounted an antibody response to the murine VPC that was first demonstrated 5 days post injection. PCR analysis demonstrated low level gene transfer into dog liver tissue. Overall, our results demonstrate that IH xenogeneic VPC injections are not accompanied by significant adverse effects over a 1 month period following administration into the canine liver. These data support the safety aspects of using murine VPC in Phase I clinical trials. C1 John Stoddard Canc Ctr, Human Gene Therapy Res Inst, Iowa Hlth Syst, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Transplant Program, Iowa City, IA USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Link, CJ (reprint author), John Stoddard Canc Ctr, Human Gene Therapy Res Inst, Iowa Hlth Syst, 1415 Woodland Ave, Des Moines, IA 50309 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0258-851X J9 IN VIVO JI In Vivo PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 405MT UT WOS:000167164100013 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Lindler, LE Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM AF McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Lindler, LE Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM TI Genetic characterization of a Tn5-disrupted glycosyltransferase gene homolog in Brucella abortus and its effect on lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence (vol 67, pg 3830, 1999) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SRA Technol, Life Sci, Rockville, MD 20805 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McQuiston, JR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5471 EP 5471 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5471-5471.2000 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200095 ER PT J AU Vargas, MT Oropeza, JL Sandoval, BF Gonzalez, JM Solorio, CO Lopez, MT Stone, J AF Vargas, MT Oropeza, JL Sandoval, BF Gonzalez, JM Solorio, CO Lopez, MT Stone, J TI Hillslope lands protection and water erosion in the Patzcuaro lake watershed, Michoacan, Mexico SO INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA EN MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE water erosion; runoff and sediment yields; soil management; conservation tillage ID TILLAGE AB The lake of Patzcuaro, Michoacan, is in an extinction process due to runoff and sediment yields from hillslope lands located in the watershed. Those lands have been timbered and converted to dryland agriculture. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of soil protection and management of hillslope lands, on runoff and sediment yield as influenced by till reduction. The experiment was performed from June to August of 1996, in Ajuno, Mich. The evaluated treatments were: 1. bare soil (BS); 2. traditional tillage (TT), 3, 4, 5 and 6. no tillage (NT), with 0, 33, 66 and 100% of vegetal residue as soil cover, respectively, 7. conventional tillage (CT): 8 and 9. low-till (LT), with 50 and 0% of soil cover, respectively. Results indicated that rainfall has similar distribution throughout the three months studied, but runoff and sediment yields (Sy) were significantly higher in June and July than August. Soil protection by vegetal residue was a factor that reduced Q and S-y in a significant way. Low-till had no effect on Q reduction but it did on Sy. Only no-till with soil cover reduced Q and S-y significantly with respect to BS. Other treatments were similar to bare soil in Q and S-y. C1 Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Uruapan 60080, Michoacan, Mexico. Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. INIFAP, Ctr Nacl Prod Sostenible, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. ARS, USDA, SWRC, EUA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Vargas, MT (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Campo Expt Uruapan,Av Latinoamer 1110, Uruapan 60080, Michoacan, Mexico. EM mtiscareno@infosel.net.mx NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST MEXICANO TECHNOLOGIAAGUA PI MORELOS PA APARTADO POSTAL 202, MORELOS 62550 CIVAC, MEXICO SN 0186-4076 J9 ING HIDRAUL MEX JI Ing. Hidraul. Mex. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 388BJ UT WOS:000166157300003 ER PT J AU Schares, G Rauser, M Sondgen, P Rehberg, P Barwald, A Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Conraths, FJ AF Schares, G Rauser, M Sondgen, P Rehberg, P Barwald, A Dubey, JP Edelhofer, R Conraths, FJ TI Use of purified tachyzoite surface antigen p38 in an ELISA to diagnose bovine neosporosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apicomplexa; Neospora caninum; neosporosis; abortion; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; indirect fluorescent antibody test; immunoblot; cut-off; Nc-p43; NcSRS2 ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; CANINUM INFECTION; DAIRY-CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; HERDS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; ABORTION; COWS AB Affinity-purified 38 kDa surface antigen of Neospora caninum tachyzoites was used to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose N, caninum-associated abortion in cattle. The specificity of this antigen was demonstrated by using sera from cattle experimentally infected with other apicomplexan parasites. In a panel of field sera, serological differences could be demonstrated between herds with epidemic and endemic abortions. Optimal ELISA cut-offs were determined for the detection of association between seropositivity and abortion in herds with N. caninum-associated abortions. These optimal cut-offs differed markedly when only sera from either endemic or epidemic cases were used for cut-off determination. It may thus be appropriate to apply different cut-offs in serological tests depending on the abortion pattern to be analysed, (C) 2000 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Res Ctr Virus Dis Anim, Inst Epidemiol Diagnost, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. Landesuntersuchungsamt Rheinland Pfalz, D-56073 Koblenz, Germany. Staatliches Vet Untersuchungsamt, D-59821 Arnsberg, Germany. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, BARC E, Beltsville, MD USA. Vet Med Univ, Inst Parasitol, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. RP Schares, G (reprint author), Fed Res Ctr Virus Dis Anim, Inst Epidemiol Diagnost, Seestr 55, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. OI Conraths, Franz/0000-0002-7400-9409 NR 28 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00092-8 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 360KD UT WOS:000089665800008 PM 10996331 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Stuff, JE Butte, NF Smith, EO Ellis, KJ AF Wong, WW Stuff, JE Butte, NF Smith, EO Ellis, KJ TI Estimation of body fat in Caucasian and African-American girls: total-body electrical conductivity methodology versus a four-component model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body fat; girls; ethnicity; TOBEC; underwater weighing; isotope dilution; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ID MASS; DENSITY; MUSCLE AB BACKGROUND: Obesity has been increasing dramatically in recent years among children, particularly African-American girls. Total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a simple way to measure body fat with minimal risk. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the agreement between the percentage of fat mass (%FM) predicted using two TOBEC equations with %FM measured by a four-component model in 73 Caucasian and 41 African-American girls. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: %FM predicted using the TOBEC equations was compared with %FM from the four-component model based on measurements of body density, body water and bone mineral content. RESULTS: Analyses by linear regression analysis and by the Bland and Altman methods comparison procedure showed that the equation using the square root of the TOBEC zero-order Fourier coefficient and the subject's height yielded more accurate and more reproducible %FM, regardless of race, than the TOBEC linear equation, which was based on the zero-, first- and second-order Fourier coefficients. The Bland and Altman comparison further revealed that the accuracy and limits of agreement of the TOBEC linear equation were related to body fatness among the Caucasian girls. The relationship, however, disappeared when prepubescent girls and a girl with low %FM were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The TOBEC square root equation with adjustment for body geometry and length is recommended for use in adolescent girls, as it yielded better agreement with the criterion method. However, further validation of the TOBEC instrumentation for estimating body fat in prepubescent children and children with low body fat is warranted. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1200 EP 1206 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801369 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 348KW UT WOS:000088984900017 PM 11033991 ER PT J AU Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Pennington, RE AF Tischler, CR Polley, HW Johnson, HB Pennington, RE TI Seedling response to elevated CO2 in five epigeal species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE seedling morphology; epigeal; CO2 response; seedling establishment ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; ENRICHMENT; PLANTS; WEIGHT; CROP; WEED; SIZE AB Evidence from numerous sources indicates that atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased over the last 200 yr and will continue to increase in the foreseeable future. Much research is directed toward predicting the effects of this change on terrestrial vegetation. We quantified the effects of elevated CO2 (700 muL L-1) on the seedling growth characteristics of five C-3 species. These species all had epigeal germination morphology but differed by a factor of 20 in seed mass. The species and their respective seed-mass ranges were as follows: bagpod sesbania (Sesbania vesicaria), 0.23-0.26 g; cotton (Gossypium hirsutum var. Coker 317), 0.12-0.13 g; mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), 0.041-0.048 g; cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Straight-8), 0.026-0.030 g; and hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), 0.012-0.013 g. We measured increased total biomass in the elevated CO2 environment for all species within 3 d of emergence. This rapid response contrasts with published reports that more time was required for a detectable response of seedlings to elevated CO2. Growth. analyses indicated that no single growth parameter predicted the responses of these species to elevated CO2. However, maximum area of cotyledons was a better predictor of total biomass (at day 16) than was initial (day 0) seedling mass. Our data indicate that future increases in atmospheric CO2 will greatly improve the competitive ability of C-3 epigeal species during the earliest growth stage in which cotyledons are still expanding. C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Roche Mol Biochem, Indianapolis, IN 46250 USA. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 161 IS 5 BP 779 EP 783 DI 10.1086/314304 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 367CP UT WOS:000090044400008 ER PT J AU Marcone, C Lee, IM Davis, RE Ragozzino, A Seemuller, E AF Marcone, C Lee, IM Davis, RE Ragozzino, A Seemuller, E TI Classification of aster yellows-group phytoplasmas based on combined analyses of rRNA and tuf gene sequences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasmas; aster yellows; tuf gene; rDNA; phylogeny ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ELONGATION-FACTOR-TU; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS MLOS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CHROMOSOMAL ORGANIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Seventy phytoplasma isolates, including 10 previously characterized reference strains, of the aster yellows group were examined by RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA and RFLP and sequence analysis of the tuf gene, On the basis of rDNA restriction profiles, seven previously proposed 16S rDNA subgroups (16Srl-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F and -K) were recognized in the material examined. In addition, three subgroups that differ in the RFLP profiles were identified and designated 16Srl-L, 1GSrl-M and 16Srl-N. Of the two types of rDNA sequences used, an 1800 bp fragment comprising the entire 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region proved more suitable for AY-group phytoplasma differentiation than a 1240 kp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Many differences in the rDNA profiles between the subgroups could be explained by sequence heterogeneity of the two phytoplasmal rRNA operons. The subgroups delineated by RFLP analysis of a 940 bp tuf gene fragment are consistent with subgroups defined on the basis of rDNA sequences. However, subgroups 16Srl-D, -L and -M showed the same tuf gene restriction profiles as subgroup 16Srl-B. This result was confirmed by sequence analysis in which these subgroups differed slightly in their tuf gene sequence, when compared with members of subgroup 16Srl-B. On the basis of combined analyses of rDNA and tuf gene sequences and in view of pathological aspects, the taxonomic distinction of AY-subgroups 16Srl-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, -K and -N appears to be substantial. C1 Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Pflanzenschutz Obstbau, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Arborcoltura Bot & Patol Vegetale, Sez Patol Vegetale, I-80055 Naples, Italy. RP Seemuller, E (reprint author), Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Pflanzenschutz Obstbau, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany. NR 41 TC 107 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 BP 1703 EP 1713 PN 5 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361HN UT WOS:000089717800001 PM 11034478 ER PT J AU Nakamura, LK AF Nakamura, LK TI Phylogeny of Bacillus sphaericus-like organisms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; Bacillus sphaericus; taxonomy; 16S rRNA; insect pathogen ID NONPATHOGENIC STRAINS; GENUS BACILLUS; MOSQUITO; SEQUENCES AB The mesophilic round-spored bacteria embrace four species, namely Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus fusiformis, Bacillus silvestris and Bacillus pasteurii, Although not displayed by all strains, mosquito pathogenicity is a noteworthy characteristic of B, sphaericus sensu late. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences from 58 strains identified as B, sphaericus was used to examine the genetic heterogeneity of the taxon, Results from sequence analysis were compared with whole-cell fatty acid profiles and other phenotypic determinations. The B, sphaericus-like strains segregated into seven distinct clusters in a phylogenetic tree generated from 16S sequences. One cluster represented B, sphaericus and another B, fusiformis, A third cluster containing all of the pathogenic strains was closely related to, or was possibly part of, the B, fusiformis group. The remaining four groups were distinct and represented unnamed taxa that were more closely related to B, sphaericus and B, fusiformis than to the psychrophilic round-spored species, Bacillus globisporus and Bacillus psychrophilus, Groups based on phenotypic analysis corresponded to the 16S rDNA phylogenetic clusters. Data showed that B, sphaericus was genetically and phenotypically a highly heterogeneous taxon including at least seven genetically distinct taxa, The pathogenic strains were members of a distinct group and not of the species B, sphaericus sensu stricto, This heterogeneity partially accounts for the apparent variability of mosquito pathogenicity among B, sphaericus strains. C1 ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. RP Nakamura, LK (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 BP 1715 EP 1722 PN 5 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361HN UT WOS:000089717800002 PM 11034479 ER PT J AU Swezey, JL Nakamura, LK Abbott, TP Peterson, RE AF Swezey, JL Nakamura, LK Abbott, TP Peterson, RE TI Lactobacillus arizonensis sp nov., isolated from jojoba meal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE new species; taxonomy; simmondsin degrader; jojoba; Lactobacillus arizonensis ID BACTERIA; ACID; ALIGNMENT; TAXONOMY; GENUS; RATES; DNA AB Five strains of simmondsin-degrading, lactic-acid-producing bacteria were isolated from fermented jojoba meal. These isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, homofermentative, rod-shaped organisms. They grew singly and in short chains, produced lactic acid but no gas from glucose, and did not exhibit catalase activity. Growth occurred at 15 and 45 degrees C. All strains fermented cellobiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, lactose, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, melibiose, D-ribose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose and trehalose. Some strains fermented L-(-)-arabinose and L-rhamnose. D-Xylose was not fermented and starch was not hydrolysed. The mean G+C content of the DNA was 48 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA established that the isolates were members of the genus Lactobacillus. DNA reassociation of 45% or less was obtained between the new isolates and the reference strains of species with G+C contents of about 48 mol%. The isolates were differentiated from other homofermentative Lactobacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence divergence, DNA relatedness, stereoisomerism of the lactic acid produced, growth temperature and carbohydrate fermentation. The data support the conclusion that these organisms represent strains of a new species, for which the name Lactobacillus arizonensis is proposed. The type strain of L. arizonensis is NRRL B-14768(T) (= DSM 13273(T)). C1 ARS, Microbiol Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nakamura, LK (reprint author), ARS, Microbiol Properties Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 50 BP 1803 EP 1809 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361HN UT WOS:000089717800013 PM 11034490 ER PT J AU Taylor, A AF Taylor, A TI Nutritional influences on risk for cataract SO INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS LA English DT Review ID UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BEAVER DAM EYE; GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACTS; OPACITIES CASE-CONTROL; ASCORBIC-ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-C; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; NUCLEAR CATARACT C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 129 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0020-8167 J9 INT OPHTHALMOL CLIN JI Int. Ophthalmol. Clin. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 17 EP 49 DI 10.1097/00004397-200010000-00003 PG 33 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 367UJ UT WOS:000090079600002 PM 11064855 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G AF Eggleston, G TI Hot and cold lime clarification in raw sugar manufacture - II: Lime addition and settling behaviour SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In the United States, particularly Louisiana and Florida, "cold" lime clarification is still the clarification process of choice. This factory-scale study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of "hot" and "cold" lime clarification. Hourly samples were simultaneously taken over a seven hour sampling period across the hot and cold clarification processes of two cooperating factories, respectively. This sampling period was repeated four times across the 1998 grinding season. Part I-1 of this study, described major differences in juice and syrup quality between the two processes, including pH, colour, dextran, and invert differences. This second part describes marked differences in lime addition, turbidity removal and settling behavior. Except at the beginning of the season, up to similar to 27% less lime had to be added in hot liming than cold liming, causing similar to 10% less calcium and conductivity ash in the clarified juices (CJs) from hot liming. Calcium concentrations in the CJs from cold liming were also more variable across the season than in hot liming. Although, the mixed juice at the hot liming factory usually had more mud/trash, there were generally no significant differences between initial settling rate efficiencies and breakpoint values. There was slightly more turbidity removal across the clarifiers in the hot liming factory compared to the cold liming factory, and mud volumes were higher. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI WEST GLAMORGAN PA PO BOX 26N ST PORT TALBOT, WEST GLAMORGAN SA13 1NX, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1221 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 357KG UT WOS:000089498500002 ER PT J AU Jones, BL Marinac, LA Fontanini, D AF Jones, BL Marinac, LA Fontanini, D TI Quantitative study of the formation of endoproteolytic activities during malting and their stabilities to kilning SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE barley; Hordeum vulgare; malting; protease; protein hydrolysis; kilning ID BARLEY; ENZYMES AB The proteinases of germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hydrolyze storage proteins into amino acids and small peptides that can be used by the growing plant or, during brewing, by yeast. They are critical for the malting and brewing processes because several aspects of brewing are affected by the amounts of protein, peptide, and amino acids that are in the wort. This study was carried out to quantitatively measure when endoproteinases form in green malt and whether they are inactivated at the high temperatures that occur during malt kilning. Little endoproteolytic activity was present in ungerminated barley, but the activities began forming 1 day into the "germination" phase of malting, and they were nearly maximal by the third germination day. Quantitative studies with azogelatin "in solution" assays showed that the green malt endoproteolytic activities were not inactivated under commercial kilning conditions that use temperatures as high as 85 degrees C but that some actually increased during the final kilning step. Qualitative (2-D, IEF x PAGE) analyses, which allow the study of individual proteases, showed that some of the enzymes were affected by heating at 68 and 85 degrees C, during the final stages of kilning. These changes obviously did not, however, decrease the overall proteolytic activity. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jones, BL (reprint author), 501 N Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3898 EP 3905 DI 10.1021/jf000458k PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800022 PM 10995288 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Foster, JG Foy, CL AF Nandula, VK Foster, JG Foy, CL TI Impact of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) parasitism on amino acid composition of carrot (Daucus carota L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Egyptian broomrape; Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.; carrot; Daucus carota L.; amino acid composition ID LATHRAEA-CLANDESTINA L; OROBANCHE-AEGYPTIACA; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; HOLOPARASITIC PLANT; ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; STRIGA; GERMINATION; CULTURE; SEEDS; HOSTS AB The relationship between the organic nitrogen status of Egyptian broomrape and one of its hosts, carrot, was studied by comparing amino acid profiles of leaf and root tissues of nonparasitized and broomrape-parasitized carrot plants and by analyzing amino acid profiles of broomrape at different growth stages. Total N concentrations, expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the tissues, were similar in leaves of nonparasitized and parasitized carrot plants but were lower in parasitized roots than in nonparasitized roots. In both dry and germinated broomrape seeds, N concentrations were lower than or similar to those in broomrape tubercles, shoots, or callus. Individual amino acid concentrations in hydrolysates of leaves of parasitized carrot plants tended to be similar to or greater than those in hydrolysates of nonparasitized carrot plants. Roots of parasitized plants tended to have similar or lower amino acid concentrations than roots of nonparasitized plants. Dry and germinated broomrape seeds had similar amino acid profiles, but individual amino acid concentrations were lower than in the other broomrape tissues examined. The broomrape shoot tended to have lower amino acid concentrations than the tubercle and callus. Free amino acid profiles of leaves and roots of parasitized plants paralleled those of nonparasitized plants, respectively, Individual free amino acids tended to occur at similar or lower levels in dry and germinated broomrape seeds than in the tubercle, shoot, or callus. Free amino acid composition of the broomrape tubercle was similar to that of the parasitized root. Arginine and alanine concentrations in broomrape callus were dramatically higher than those of other amino acids in this or other tissues investigated. These results indicate that changes in the composition of both free and bound amino acids in carrot are associated with broomrape parasitism. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Foy, CL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 3930 EP 3934 DI 10.1021/jf991145w PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800027 PM 10995293 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ Berry, ES AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ Berry, ES TI Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-agonist; ELISA; monoclonal antibody; ractopamine; feed additive; residue ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; FINISHING SWINE; ILLEGAL USE; HYDROCHLORIDE; RESIDUES; URINE; CLENBUTEROL; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; DRUGS AB A monoclonal antibody was generated toward the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride {(1R*,3R*), (1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]benzene-methanol hydrochloride}. Ractopamine-glutarate-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was used as the antigen for antibody generation in mice. Clone 5G10, secreted antibody with isotype IgG1 kappa, was used for the development of an immunoassay. The selected antibody was specific for racemic ractopamine with an IC(50) of 2.69 +/- 0.36 ng/mL (n = 15). Antibody binding toward ractopamine was stereoselective with (1R,3R)-ractopamine having an IC(50) of 0.55 +/- 0.09 ng/mL (n = 3). IC(50) values for the (1S,3R)-, (1S,3S)-, and (1R,3S)-ractopamine stereoisomers were 2.00 +/- 0.37, 140 +/- 23, and 291 +/- 32 ng/mL (n = 3), respectively. Phenethanolamine beta-agonists showed low cross-reactivity. Studies using a series of ractopamine metabolites and ractopamine analogues demonstrated structural requirements for the antibody binding. A free phenolic group on the N-butylphenol moiety was required for high-affinity binding because methoxylated analogues and metabolites glucuronidated at this phenol generally had IC(50) values greater than 200 ng/mL. Ractopamine analogues methoxylated or glucuronidated at the ethanolamine phenol had IC(50) values of 0.7-2.6 ng/mL. Lack of a benzylic hydroxyl group was of less importance to antibody binding than was the correct stereochemical orientation (3R) of ractopamine's N-phenylalkyl group. In conclusion, a highly specific monoclonal antibody to ractopamine hydrochloride was developed that could be of potential utility in screening assays. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, 5674 Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 52 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4020 EP 4026 DI 10.1021/jf000528n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800041 PM 10995307 ER PT J AU Van Boven, M Holser, R Cokelaere, M Flo, G Decuypere, E AF Van Boven, M Holser, R Cokelaere, M Flo, G Decuypere, E TI Gas chromatographic analysis of simmondsins and simmondsin ferulates in jojoba meal SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE simmondsins; simmondsin ferulates; jojoba meal; gas chromatography ID RATS; SUPPLEMENTATION; DETOXIFICATION AB A capillary gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of simmondsins and simmondsin ferulates in jojoba meal, in detoxified jojoba meal, in jojoba meal extracts, and in animal food mixtures. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Toxicol & Food Chem, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Physiol & Immunol Domest Anim, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Van Boven, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Toxicol & Food Chem, Van Evenstr 4, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4083 EP 4086 DI 10.1021/jf0004107 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800052 PM 10995318 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Marti, L Belflower, S Truman, CC AF Potter, TL Marti, L Belflower, S Truman, CC TI Multiresidue analysis of cotton defoliant, herbicide, and insecticide residues in water by solid-phase extraction and GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-diode array detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE defoliants; cotton; water; solid-phase extraction ID PESTICIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A multiresidue procedure was developed for analysis of cotton pesticide and harvest-aid chemicals in water using solid-phase extraction and analysis by GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-DAD. Target compounds included the defoliants tribufos, dimethipin, thidiazuron; the herbicide diuron; and the insecticide methyl parathion. Three solid-phase extraction (SPE) media, octadecylsilyl (ODS), graphitized carbon black (GCB), and a divinylbenzene-N-vinyl pyrollidine copolymer (DVBVP), were evaluated. On GCB and ODS, recoveries varied depending on compound type. Recoveries were quantitative for all compounds on DVBVP, ranging from 87 to 115% in spiked deionized water and surface runoff. The method detection limit was less than 0.1 mu g L-1. SPE with DVBVP was applied to post-defoliation samples of surface runoff and tile drainage from a cotton research plot and surface runoff from a commercial field. The research plot was defoliated with a tank mixture of dimethipin and thidiazuron, and the commercial field, with tribufos. Dimethipin was detected (1.9-9.6 mu g L-1) in all research plot samples. In the commercial field samples, tribufos concentration ranged from 0.1 to 135 mu g L-1. An exponentially decreasing concentration trend was observed with each successive storm event. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4103 EP 4108 DI 10.1021/jf9909104 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800056 PM 10995322 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA Wang, CY Buta, JG AF Gonzalez-Aguilar, GA Wang, CY Buta, JG TI Maintaining quality of fresh-cut mangoes using antibrowning agents and modified atmosphere packaging SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE d-isoascorbic acid; 4-hexylresorcinol; potassium sorbate; modified atmosphere packaging; mangifera indica; shelf life; antibrowning agents ID PROCESSED FRUITS; VEGETABLES; APPLE; 4-HEXYLRESORCINOL; INHIBITION; PRODUCTS; SLICES; LIFE; ACID AB Treatments to inhibit browning and decay and prolong shelf life of fresh-cut mangoes were investigated. Combinations of antibrowning agents and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) resulted in a reduction of browning and deterioration of fresh-cut mangoes stored at 10 degrees C. Combinations of several browning inhibitors were more effective than those applied individually. Among these treatments, solutions containing 4-hexylresorcinol (0.001 M) (HR) plus potassium sorbate (0.05 M) (KS) and HR plus KS plus D-isoascorbic acid (0.5 M) (ER) reduced changes in color (L*, a*, and b*) and microbial growth and did not affect sensory characteristics of fresh-cut mangoes. In general, these treatments did not affect significantly the changes in organic acids and sugar content of slices during the 14 days of storage at 10 degrees C. High humidity created in the in-package atmosphere alleviated tissue dryness and was an important factor in the ability of the antibrowning solutions to prevent browning and decay. It appears that the maintenance of quality of fresh-cut mangoes is more related to particular combinations of the antibrowning agents used rather than the modified atmosphere created inside the package. HR + ER + KS treatment; in combination with MAP could be used to inhibit browning, decay, and deterioration of fresh-cut mangoes. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Buta, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4204 EP 4208 DI 10.1021/jf991384j PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800072 PM 10995338 ER PT J AU Seitz, LM Ram, MS AF Seitz, LM Ram, MS TI Volatile methoxybenzene compounds in grains with off-odors SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grain; volatile methoxybenzenes; odor ID TENEBRIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM; FLOUR AB More than 20 volatile methoxybenzene compounds were found in a set of 745 corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat samples obtained from official grain inspectors. Most samples containing methoxybenzenes were off-odor. By using an autosampler, volatiles were purged from whole grain at 80 degrees C, collected on Tenax, and then thermally desorbed and transferred to a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for separation and identification. Use of an infrared detector aided identification of some compounds, especially isomers with similar mass spectra. Samples with insect odor had 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and its 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-methoxy derivatives that appeared to be derived from 1,4-quinones, which are known (except for a-methoxy) defensive secretions of Tribolium insects. Samples with mostly musty, sour, and/or smoke odors commonly contained methoxybenzene anti 1,2-dimethoxybenzene along with their C-ethyl and 4-ethenyl derivatives, 4-chloro-1-methoxybenzene, and/or a-methoxyphenol and its 4-ethyl derivative. Other methoxybenzenes were also found, including methoxy derivatives of other phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds. Go-occurrences and correlations of levels of some compounds were also reported to indicate relationships with odors and inter-relationships among compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Seitz, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM larry@usgmrl.ksu.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4279 EP 4289 DI 10.1021/jf000243a PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800084 PM 10995350 ER PT J AU Liu, WP Gan, JY Papiernik, SK Yates, SR AF Liu, WP Gan, JY Papiernik, SK Yates, SR TI Structural influences in relative sorptivity of chloroacetanilide herbicides on soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; sorption; acetanilide herbicides; chloroacetanilide herbicides; acetochlor; alachlor; metolachlor; propachlor; organic matter; montmorillonite; humic acid ID UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; ALACHLOR; METOLACHLOR; ADSORPTION; VARIABILITY; PESTICIDES AB Adsorption of the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor was determined on soils and soil components, and their structural differences were used to explain their sorptivity orders. On all soils and soil humic acids, adsorption decreased in the order: metolachlor > acetochlor > propachlor > alachlor. On Ca2+-saturated montmorillonite, the order changed to metolachlor > acetochlor > alachlor,propachlor. FT-IR differential spectra of herbicide-clay or herbicide-humic acid-clay showed possible formation of hydrogen bonds and charge-transfer bonds between herbicides and adsorbents. The different substitutions and their spatial arrangement in the herbicide molecule were found to affect the relative sorptivity of these herbicides by influencing the reactivity of functional groups participating in these bond interactions. It was further suggested that structural characteristics of pesticides from the same class could be used to improve prediction of pesticide adsorption on soil. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticide Res Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Liu, Weiping/E-9208-2010 OI Liu, Weiping/0000-0002-1173-892X NR 23 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4320 EP 4325 DI 10.1021/jf990970+ PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800092 PM 10995358 ER PT J AU Schatzki, TF AF Schatzki, TF TI Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 7. Sequential sampling SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; pistachios; sequential sampling; sample size reduction AB Sequential sampling for aflatoxin testing in pistachios is evaluated using the aflatoxin distribution and Monte Carlo results previously obtained (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 3771-3775). The sequential protocol is modeled on the current EU test protocol by applying a three-step sampling, using 10, 20, and 30 kg sample averages. An acceptance level of 15 ng/g of total aflatoxin, under consideration for U.S.. standards, is applied. Optimization leads to indifference regions of 2-30 ng/g for the first two steps. The resulting OC curve approximates that for a single 50 kg sample. The sequential protocol is applied to the results for a set of 1293 lots of the 1998 crop year, each tested with a single 10 kg sample, Ninety-five percent of the lots would have been accepted on the basis of the single test and 1.5% would have been rejected, whereas 3.5% of the lots would have required retesting. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4365 EP 4368 DI 10.1021/jf000342o PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800098 PM 10995364 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Bowman, KD Lapointe, SL AF Shapiro, JP Bowman, KD Lapointe, SL TI Dehydrothalebanin: A source of resistance from Glycosmis pentaphylla against the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Glycosmis pentaphylla; host plant resistance; Rutaceae; citrus rootstocks; dehydrothalebanin B ID SULFUR-CONTAINING AMIDES; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ACRIDONE ALKALOIDS; ACID-AMIDES; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CYANOCARPA; ROOTSTOCKS AB Roots of a citrus relative, Glycosmis pentaphylla (orangeberry), were shown to inhibit, the growth and survival of larvae of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus. Roots of G. pentaphylla incorporated into the diet of D. abbreviatus increasingly inhibited the growth of neonate larvae with increased concentration of roots, while roots from citrus rootstocks produced little inhibition. The diet-incorporation assay was used to guide fractionation of an active acetone extract of G. pentaphylla roots. Three major fractions from silica open-column liquid chromatography were active, and these were purified using semipreparative normal-phase HPLC. A single active HPLC subfraction was isolated from each of the three Liquid chromatography fractions, and two active compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MSD. GC-MSD and NMR identified one compound as the amide dehydrothalebanin B, and the other was identified by GC-MSD as dieldrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide whose origin in our samples is uncertain. C1 USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4404 EP 4409 DI 10.1021/jf9912598 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800104 PM 10995370 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Campbell, BC AF Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Campbell, BC TI Regulation of aflatoxin production by naphthoquinones of walnut (Juglans regia) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus spp.; naphthoquinones; juglone; plumbagin; walnuts; Juglans regia ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB Walnuts are a valuable crop the sale and export potential of which may be severely limited by contamination with aflatoxins, metabolites produced on infection with Aspergillus flavus. The effect of a series of four naphthoquinones [1,4-naphthoquinone (1); juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) (2); 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (3); and, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl- 1,4-naphthoquinone) (4)] (Figure 1), which occur in walnut husks, on fungal viability and aflatoxigenesis was studied in vitro. The quinones delayed germination of the fungus and were capable of completely inhibiting growth at higher concentrations. Their effect on anatoxin levels was highly dependent on the concentration of individual naphthoquinones in the media. At higher concentrations, anatoxin production was decreased or completely inhibited, but at lower concentrations there was a stimulatory effect on anatoxin biosynthesis, with a >3-fold increase at 20 ppm of 3. Structural features associated with decreased fungal viability and greatest effect on aflatoxigenesis are the presence of a 5-hydroxyl or 2-methyl substituent, but there is no significant additive effect when both of these substituents are present. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4418 EP 4421 DI 10.1021/jf0003449 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800106 PM 10995372 ER PT J AU Jayasundera, S Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A AF Jayasundera, S Schmidt, WF Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A TI Rebuttal on influence of the chemical environment on metolachlor conformations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID ACETAMIDE PESTICIDE STEREOISOMERS; ENANTIOMERS; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, NRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jayasundera, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 4450 EP 4451 DI 10.1021/jf000835t PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 355NB UT WOS:000089390800113 PM 10995379 ER PT J AU Awmack, CS Smith, P Pinter, PJ AF Awmack, CS Smith, P Pinter, PJ TI Global change and the challenges for agriculture and forestry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 IACR Rothamsted, Dept Soil Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Smith, P (reprint author), IACR Rothamsted, Dept Soil Sci, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010 OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 135 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1017/S0021859699008059 PN 2 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 361UV UT WOS:000089743400011 ER PT J AU Lammoglia, MA Bellows, RA Grings, EE Bergman, JW Bellows, SE Short, RE Hallford, DM Randel, RD AF Lammoglia, MA Bellows, RA Grings, EE Bergman, JW Bellows, SE Short, RE Hallford, DM Randel, RD TI Effects of dietary fat and sire breed on puberty, weight, and reproductive traits of F-1 beef heifers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef breeds; dietary fat; puberty; safflower ID PLASMA 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-KETO-PROSTAGLANDIN F2-ALPHA; GROWTH-HORMONE; BRAHMAN COWS; BODY-COMPOSITION; LUTEAL ACTIVITY; LACTATING COWS; CALCIUM SOAPS; POSTPARTUM; PROGESTERONE; PERFORMANCE AB Prepubertal Fl heifers (n = 246; from crossbred dams bred to either Hereford [H], Limousin [L], or Piedmontese [P] sires) were fed 1.9% (LF) or 4.4% (HF) dietary fat from 254 +/- 4 d of age until they reached puberty or the breeding season started. Safflower seeds (37% oil with 79% linoleic acid) were the added fat source. Blood samples and backfat thickness measurements were obtained from 60 randomly selected heifers representing the sire breeds and diets studied. In addition, five H-sired heifers from both diets were serially bled at 28-d intervals. Total gain, ADG, body condition score, and backfat thickness were affected by sire breed (P < 0.001) but not diet. Backfat thickness was affected (P < 0.01) by the diet x time on feed interaction. Diet did not affect pubertal age (P > 0.10) but tended (P = 0.08) to affect the percentage of heifers pubertal by the beginning of breeding (June 4). Sire breed effects on puberty age at beginning of breeding, percentage pubertal at the beginning of breeding, and puberty age during the entire study were all highly significant. The effect of the diet x sire breed interaction on percentage of heifers pubertal at beginning of breeding (P < 0.05) was 74.4 vs 76.3% in H-sired, 69.8 vs 60.5% in L-sired, and 76.2 vs 97.6% in P-sired heifers (LF vs HF, respectively). Number of Al services per pregnancy and final pregnancy percentage were not affected by diet or the diet x sire breed interaction. Diet affected progesterone (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.001) concentrations, and sire breed tended to affect (P = 0.06) cholesterol concentrations. The effect of the diet x time on feed interaction on cholesterol concentrations was highly significant. There were no effects of diet or sample period on insulin or growth hormone concentrations in serially collected blood samples. We conclude that effects of supplemental dietary fat may be breed-dependent and hypothesize that a feeding period of approximately 60 d duration may be more appropriate than the 162 d used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. BovaGen, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. Eastern Agr Res Ctr, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Overton, TX 75684 USA. RP Bellows, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2244 EP 2252 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500002 PM 10985394 ER PT J AU Prieto, I Goetsch, AL Banskalieva, V Cameron, M Puchala, R Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Coleman, SW AF Prieto, I Goetsch, AL Banskalieva, V Cameron, M Puchala, R Sahlu, T Dawson, LJ Coleman, SW TI Effects of dietary protein concentration on postweaning growth of Boer crossbred and Spanish goat wethers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Boer; goats; growth; protein ID PERFORMANCE; STEERS; MEAL AB Boer (3/4) x Spanish (1/4) (BC; n = 23) and Spanish (SP; n = 22) goat wethers, 4 to 4.5 mo of age and 17.6 and 19.4 kg initial BW, respectively (SE = 0.57), were used to determine effects on growth of protein concentration in 70% concentrate diets provided for ad libitum intake for 30 wk in confinement. Offered diets contained 10.2, 14.2, 18.3, and 23.6% CP (DM basis), and CP concentration in consumed DM was 9.3, 13.8, 17.1, and 22.1% (P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively); supplemental protein was from soybean meal for P1 and P2 and from soybean meal plus a blend of blood, fish, and feather meals for P3 and P4. Dry matter intake was similar between breeds and among diets (732, 712, 698, and 740 g/d for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 27.0). Average daily gain was greater for P2 (P = 0.07) and P4 (P < 0.05) than for P1 (76, 90, 85, and 100 g/d for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 5.3) and for BC than for SP (97 vs 78 g/d, SE = 3.7; P = 0.05). Similarly, ADG:DMI was lowest (P < 0.05) among diets for P1 (0.106, 0.126, 0.121, and 0.132 for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively; SE = 0.0053) and greater (P < 0.05) for BC than for SP (0.135 vs 0.108; SE = 0.0037). In conclusion, with 70% concentrate diets, the protein requirement for both BC and SP seemed to have been met by consumption of diets with at least 14% CP, with no apparent benefit from addition of ruminally undegraded protein. C1 Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Sahlu, T (reprint author), Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2275 EP 2281 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500007 PM 10985399 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Urick, JJ Decoudu, G AF MacNeil, MD Urick, JJ Decoudu, G TI Characteristics of Line 1 Hereford females resulting from selection by independent culling levels for below-average birth weight and high yearling weight or by mass selection for high yearling weight SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed intake; genetic parameters; growth curve; maternal effects ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; AGE RELATIONSHIPS; ANIMAL-MODELS; CATTLE; GROWTH; ANGUS AB Simultaneous selection for low birth weight and high yearling weight has been advocated to improve efficiency of beef production. Two sublines of Line 1 Hereford cattle were established by selection either for below-average birth weight and high yearling weight (YB) or for high yearling weight alone (YW). Direct effects on birth weight and yearling weight diverged between sublines with approximately four generations of selection. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic trends for traits of the cows. A three-parameter growth curve [W-t = A(1 - b(0)e(-kt))] was fitted to age (t, d)-weight (W, kg) data for cows surviving past 4.5 yr of age (n = 738). The resulting parameter estimates were analyzed simultaneously with birth weight and yearling weight using multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood methods. To estimate maternal additive effects on calf gain from birth to weaning (MILK) the two-trait model previously used to analyze birth weight and yearling weight was transformed to the equivalent three-trait model with birth weight, gain from birth to weaning, and gain from weaning to yearling as dependent variables. Heritability estimates were 0.32, 0.27, 0.10, and 0.20 for A, b(0), k, and MILK, respectively. Genetic correlations with direct effects on birth weight were 0.34, -0.11, and 0.55 and with direct effects on yearling weight were 0.65, -0.17, and 0,11 for A, bo, and k, respectively. Genetic trends for YB and YW, respectively, were as follows: A (kg/generation), 8.0 +/- 0.2 and 10.1 +/- 0.2; b(0) (x 1,000), -1.34 +/- 0.07 and -1.16 +/- 0.07; k (x 1,000), -14.3 +/- 0.1 and 4.3 +/- 0.1; and MILK (kg), 1.25 +/- 0.05 and 1.89 +/- 0.05. Beef cows resulting from simultaneous selection for below-average birth weight and increased yearling weight had different growth curves and reduced genetic trend in maternal gain from birth to weaning relative to cows resulting from selection for increased yearling weight. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2292 EP 2298 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500010 PM 10985402 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Mott, TB AF MacNeil, MD Mott, TB TI Using genetic evaluations for growth and maternal gain from birth to weaning to predict energy requirements of Line 1 Hereford beef cows SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE feed intake; genetic improvement; milk production ID MILK-PRODUCTION; POSTWEANING GROWTH; FEED-INTAKE; WEIGHT; CATTLE; CALVES; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; PROGENY; MATURE AB The maintenance energy required to sustain the cow herd is a major cost of beef production. This work proposes modifying parameter estimates for a population-specific lactation curve with genetic evaluations for the maternal genetic effect on calf gain from birth to weaning to provide inputs for a commonly used prediction of energy requirement. Daily milk production (y) was modeled as a function of stage of lactation (T, d) using the function y = AT(B)exp(-CT) modified to incorporate effects of genetic evaluation for the maternal effect on calf gain from birth to weaning and age of dam. A l-kg increase in predicted maternal breeding value for calf gain from birth to weaning from within-herd genetic evaluation increased the lactation curve parameter A by 10.3 +/- 4.6% and reduced the B parameter by 1.0 +/- 0.6%. Similarly, a l-kg increase in maternal breeding value for gain from birth to weaning from national cattle evaluation increased the A parameter by 1.7 +/- 0.2%. Corresponding estimates of peak milk yield and time of peak lactation were derived for individual animals from their genetic evaluation. Additional inputs for predicting maintenance energy requirements were derived from genetic evaluations for birth weight and mature size. The methodology is demonstrated using genetic evaluations of sires from the Miles City Line 1 Hereford population. Further refinement and application of this methodology may facilitate characterization of beef cattle seedstock for their potential genetic contributions to profitability. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Rt 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2299 EP 2304 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500011 PM 10985403 ER PT J AU Geesink, GH Koohmaraie, M AF Geesink, GH Koohmaraie, M TI Ionic strength-induced inactivation of mu-calpain in postmortem muscle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calpain; inactivation; ions; postmortem changes; proteinases; proteolysis ID ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AUTOLYSIS; SENSITIVITY; STORAGE; FORMS; CANP AB The present study was conducted to study the stability of autolyzed mu-calpain activity and determine whether measurement of mu-calpain activity after anion exchange chromatography accurately reflects its activity in postmortem muscle. Ionic strength and pH affected the stability of partially autolyzed mu-calpain. Complete loss of activity was observed as a result of binding of autolyzed CL-calpain to DEAE-Sephacel when the large subunit of mu-calpain was autolyzed from 80 to 76 kDa. Therefore, determination of mu-calpain by standard anion exchange chromatography may underestimate mu-calpain activity in postmortem muscle. The activity of autolyzed mu-calpain was stabilized by inclusion of glycerol in the buffers, and this permitted us to investigate whether the apparent loss of mu-calpain activity in postmortem muscle is an artifact of the methodology. Despite the inclusion of glycerol in the buffers, a decrease in mu-calpain activity was observed during postmortem storage of muscle, even though the autolyzed enzyme was readily detectable by Western blotting in muscle extracts and column eluates. This result indicates that instability of autolyzed mu-calpain is a major cause for the decline in mu-calpain activity in postmortem muscle. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2336 EP 2343 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500016 PM 10985408 ER PT J AU Haussmann, MF Carroll, JA Weesner, GD Daniels, MJ Matteri, RL Lay, DC AF Haussmann, MF Carroll, JA Weesner, GD Daniels, MJ Matteri, RL Lay, DC TI Administration of ACTH to restrained, pregnant sows alters their pigs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adrenal gland; behavior; corticotropin; pigs; stress ID PRENATAL STRESS; GROWING PIGS; FARM-ANIMALS; RATS; PERFORMANCE; HORMONE; CORTISOL; PLASMA; TERM; PARAMETERS AB This study was designed to examine the physiology and behavior of pigs whose dams were snared and then injected with ACTH during gestation. Administration of ACTH to dams during pregnancy has been shown to replicate the effects of prenatal stress in other species. Control sows (n = 8) were given no treatment, whereas the treatment sows (ACTH, n = 8) were immobilized by snaring the snout and then administered an i.v. injection of ACTH (1 IU/kg BW) weekly from 6 to 12 wk of gestation. A pig was killed from each sow at 1, 30, and 60 d of age. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and liver were immediately obtained to determine the amounts of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), beta-endorphin, and mRNA for pro-opiomelanocorticotropin (POMC), the ACTH receptor (ACTH-R), and insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I). Pituitary corticotrope and somatotrope cell numbers and adrenal cortex-to-medulla area ratios (CORT:MED) were also determined. Rigs' behaviors were recorded at 6 and 8 wk of age. At 75 d of age, a blood sample was taken and a biopsy puncture was created on one pig from each litter, then pigs were stressed by mixing. Blood was sampled every other day for 10 d to determine plasma cortisol concentrations and differential leukocyte counts. Biopsy damage was evaluated for healing. At 1 d of age, control pigs tended to weigh more (P = .09), have a lower expression of ACTH-R mRNA (P = .01) and IGF-I mRNA (P = .01), and a lower CORT:MED (P = .04) than ACTH pigs. At 30 d of age, control pigs had a greater concentration of beta-endorphin (P = .01) and tended to have a lower concentration of CRH (P = .09) and IGF-I mRNA (P = .10) than ACTH pigs. At 60 d of age, control pigs tended to have lighter pituitary glands (P = .08), a lower expression of POMC mRNA (P = .02), and a CORT:MED (P = .003)than ACTH pigs. At 8 wk of age, control pigs performed a higher frequency of belly nosing (P = .07) and oral vice behaviors (P = .01) than ACTH pigs. In response to mixing stress, control pigs had lesser concentrations of plasma cortisol (P = .03) and healed faster (P = .006) than ACTH pigs. Thus, exogenous ACTH and restraint during gestation alters the HPA axis of the sow's offspring, and during stressful situations later in life health, and therefore welfare, may be compromised. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lay, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 2356D Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 55 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 9 BP 2399 EP 2411 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 349XU UT WOS:000089071500024 PM 10985416 ER PT J AU Irwin, P Gehring, A Tu, SI Brewster, J Fanelli, J Ehrenfeld, E AF Irwin, P Gehring, A Tu, SI Brewster, J Fanelli, J Ehrenfeld, E TI Minimum detectable level of Salmonellae using a binomial-based bacterial ice nucleation detection assay (BIND (R)) SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; RAPID DETECTION; TYPHIMURIUM; SAMPLES; FOODS AB A modified bacterial ice nucleation detection (BIND(R)) assay was used for rapid and sensitive detection of several Salmonella species, For the BIND assay, Salmonella cells are infected with bacteriophage genetically modified to contain DNA encoding an ice nucleation protein (INP). After infection, de novo protein synthesis occurs and INPs are incorporated into the outer membrane of the organism. After supercooling (-9.3 degrees C), only buffer solutions containing transfected salmonellae freeze, causing a phase-sensitive dye to change color. This technique, and a probability-based protocol modification, provided quantitative detection with a minimum detectable level (MDL) of 2.0 +/- 0.3 S. enteritidis cells/mL in buffer (about 3 h), The MDLs for S. typhimurium DT104 and S. abaetetuba were 4.2 +/- 0.2 and 111 +/- 0.4 cells/mL, respectively. Using salmonellae-specific immunomagnetic bead separation technology in conjunction with the modified BIND protocol, we achieved an MDL of about 4.5 S, enteritidis cells/mL with an apparent capture efficiency of 56%. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Biochem Lab, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. IDEXX Labs Inc, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. RP Irwin, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Biophys & Biochem Lab, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1095 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400009 PM 11048849 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB AF Whitaker, TB TI Sampling agricultural commodities for mycotoxins SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1245 EP 1245 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400027 PM 11048867 ER PT J AU Park, DL Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Njapau, H AF Park, DL Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Njapau, H TI Performance of three pneumatic probe samplers and four analytical methods used to estimate aflatoxins in bulk cottonseed SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The requirement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that agricultural products susceptible to aflatoxin contamination contain aflatoxin at levels less than or equal to 20 parts per billion for consumer-ready products has led to the establishment of inspection programs by various industries. In Arizona, cottonseed samples from 100 ton piles are collected by an accumulation of 3 or more probings with a pneumatic probe. When sampling compacted cottonseed piles, the large official pneumatic probe (7.6 x 127 cm) decreases in efficiency, Two smaller probes (1.9 x 127 cm and 1.9 x 254 cm)were therefore developed and tested for their suitability for sampling cottonseed piles. Three rapid analytical methods (one thin-layer chromatographic and 2 immunochemical) were tested for suitability as on-site assay systems. An analysis of variance of the analytical test results showed no differences between the various probes tested. Of the rapid methods, however, only the AflaTest-P immunoaffinity column gave results similar to those of the official AOAC thin-layer chromatography method. In terms of safety, however, all methods prevent material contaminated above regulatory limits from reaching the consumer. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Food Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Park, DL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Div Nat Prod, HFS-345,200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1251 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400028 PM 11048868 ER PT J AU Freese, L Friedrich, R Kendall, D Tanner, S AF Freese, L Friedrich, R Kendall, D Tanner, S TI Variability of deoxynivalenol measurements in barley SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; SCAB AB Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by Fusarium fungi, can occur in many cereal grains. If wet climatic conditions coincide with the flowering period of plant development, circumstances are favorable for the fungi infection, Because the presence of DON in barley can have significant economic consequences to barley producers, commercially available test kits are used to measure DON in shipments throughout marketing channels. The quantity of barley sampled from a lot and used to measure DON can vary widely, depending on where the test is conducted. The Grain inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture specifies that a minimum of 100 g of grain must be processed to measure DON, Other laboratories may use more or less grain. A study undertaken to measure the variability among measurements of different sample sizes found no detectable differences in variability attributable to sample size, It was concluded that the variability among DON concentrations in samples from the lot was small relative to that introduced by the measurement process (combined sample preparation and analysis). A separate experiment investigated variation among samples taken from a lot, variation among subsamples taken from ground samples, and variation among multiple replicated measurements of an extract. On 10 lots, all 3 sources were significant contributors to variation. Stratification of DON within lots was hypothesized as a source of variation of DON measurements. Tests indicated that some stratification may exist. C1 Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, USDA, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Freese, L (reprint author), Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, USDA, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1263 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400030 PM 11048870 ER PT J AU Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Young, JH Bowman, DT AF Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Young, JH Bowman, DT TI Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part I: Estimation of variance components SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS AB The variability associated with testing lots of shelled corn for aflatoxin was investigated. Eighteen lots of shelled corn were tested for aflatoxin contamination. The total variance associated with testing shelled corn was estimated and partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. All variances increased as aflatoxin concentration increased. With the use of regression analysis, mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between aflatoxin concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. The expressions for these relationships were used to estimate the variance for any sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses for a specific aflatoxin concentration. Test results on a lot with 20 parts per billion aflatoxin using a 1.13 kg sample, a Romer mill, 50 g subsamples, and liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances were 274.9 (CV = 82.9%), 214.0 (CV = 73.1%), 56.3 (CV = 37.5%), and 4.6 (CV = 10.7%), respectively. The percentage of the total variance for sampling, sample preparation, and analytical was 77.8, 20.5, and 1.7, respectively. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johansson, AS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1264 EP 1269 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400031 PM 11048871 ER PT J AU Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Hagler, WR Young, JH AF Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Hagler, WR Young, JH TI Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part II: Modeling the observed distribution of aflatoxin test results SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FARMERS STOCK PEANUTS; UNITED-STATES; EXPORT MARKET; VARIABILITY; PLANS AB The suitability of several theoretical distributions to predict the observed distribution of aflatoxin test results in shelled corn was investigated. Fifteen positively skewed theoretical distributions were each fitted to 18 empirical distributions of aflatoxin test results for shelled corn. The compound gamma distribution was selected to model aflatoxin test results for shelled corn. The method of moments technique was chosen to estimate the parameters of the compound gamma distribution. Mathematical expressions were developed to calculate the parameters of the compound gamma distribution for any lot aflatoxin concentration and test procedure. Observed acceptance probabilities were compared to operating characteristic curves predicted from the compound gamma distribution, and all 18 observed acceptance probabilities were found to lie within a 95% confidence band. The parameters of compound gamma were used to calculate the fraction of aflatoxin-contaminated kernels in contaminated lots. At 20 ppb, it was estimated that about 6 in 10 000 kernels are contaminated. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johansson, AS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1278 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400032 PM 11048872 ER PT J AU Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Hagler, WM Young, JH AF Johansson, AS Whitaker, TB Giesbrecht, FG Hagler, WM Young, JH TI Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, Part III: Evaluating the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY AB The effects of changes in sample size and/or sample acceptance level on the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans for shelled corn were investigated. Six sampling plans were evaluated for a range of sample sizes and sample acceptance levels. For a given sample size, decreasing the sample acceptance level decreases the percentage of lots accepted while increasing the percentage of lots rejected at all aflatoxin concentrations, and decreases the average aflatoxin concentration in lots accepted and lots rejected, For a given sample size where the sample acceptance level decreases relative to a fixed regulatory guideline, the number of false positives increases and the number of false negatives decreases. For a given sample size where the sample acceptance level increases relative to a fixed regulatory guideline, the number of false positives decreases and the number of false negatives increases, For a given sample acceptance level, increasing the sample size increases the percentage of lots accepted at concentrations below the regulatory guideline while increasing the percentage of lots rejected at concentrations above the regulatory guideline, and decreases the average aflatoxin concentration in the lots accepted while increasing the average aflatoxin concentration in the rejected lots. For a given sample acceptance level that equals the regulatory guideline, increasing the sample size decreases misclassification of lots, both false positives and false negatives. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johansson, AS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1284 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400033 PM 11048873 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Johansson, AS AF Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Johansson, AS TI Sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN; PEANUTS AB The variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol (DON) was measured using a 0.454 kg sample, Romer mill, 25 g comminuted subsample, and the Romer Fluoroquant analytical method. The total variability was partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability components. Each variance component was a function of the DON concentration and equations were developed to predict each variance component using regression techniques. The effect of sample size, subsample size, and number of aliquots on reducing the variability of the DON test procedure was also determined. For the test procedure, the coefficient of variation (CV) associated with testing wheat at 5 ppm was 13.4%, The CVs associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis were 6.3, 10.0, and 5.3%, respectively. For the sample variation, a 0.454 kg sample was used; for the sample preparation variation, a Romer mill and a 25 g subsample were used; for the analytical variation, the Romer Fluoroquant method was used. The CVs associated with testing wheat are relatively small compared to the CV associated with testing other commodities for other mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin in peanuts. Even when the small sample size of 0.454 kg was used, the sampling variation was not the largest source of error as found in other mycotoxin test procedures. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1292 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 360KT UT WOS:000089667400034 PM 11048874 ER PT J AU Cao, G Prior, RL AF Cao, G Prior, RL TI Postprandial increases in serum antioxidant capacity in older women SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE meal; reactive oxygen species; free radical; oxygen radical absorbance capacity ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ABSORBING CAPACITY; METABOLIC-RATE; VITAMIN-C; CONSUMPTION; RESTRICTION; VEGETABLES; ASSAY; CELLS; TEA AB Eight women were recruited for studying the effects of a meal on overall antioxidant status. Subjects resided in a metabolic research unit for two 36-h periods. During period A, subjects fasted overnight (12 h) and were then given a breakfast, a lunch, a snack, and a dinner. During period B, subjects fasted for 23 h and were then given a dinner. These meals were designed to contain negligible antioxidants. Blood samples were collected for analyzing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidants. The results showed that serum TAC significantly increased by up to 23% after the consumption of the lunch and dinner during period A. Serum TAC did not increase until after the consumption of the dinner during period B. Among the antioxidants (vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, bilirubin, and uric acid) examined, serum uric acid was the only one that showed a significant postprandial increase, which was also parallel to the postprandial response in serum TAG. These results indicate that food intake, even if low in antioxidants, can increase the serum total antioxidant activity. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Cao, G (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Rm 712,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 89 IS 3 BP 877 EP 883 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 352DX UT WOS:000089200200004 PM 10956329 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BW Holt, PS Seo, KH AF Mitchell, BW Holt, PS Seo, KH TI Reducing dust in a caged layer room: An electrostatic space charge system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE airborne particulates; air cleaning; air quality; negative air ionization ID BUILDINGS AB Dust has been shown to be an important mechanism for airborne transmission of disease-causing agents. Although there are a variety of treatments that can reduce airborne dust, most of them are not practical in areas such as caged layer rooms where dust levels can be relatively high. in this study, an electrostatic space charge system was shown to be very effective on both artificial and naturally generated dust in a caged layer room. Duplicated trials of the system showed a reduction in average concentration of artificially generated dust ranging from 72 to 91% by ionizer treatment - depending on the initial concentration. The treatment reduced concentration of naturally generated dust fron mature White Leghorn chickens in cages by an average of 52%. These results shoe that use of an electrostatic space charge system can significantly reduce duct in caged layer areas, resulting in a lower potential for respiratory problems of workers as well as chickens in these areas. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mitchell, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 292 EP 296 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 377KM UT WOS:000165512800002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BW Witcher, GC Hammond, J AF Mitchell, BW Witcher, GC Hammond, J TI Automated fumigation and neutralization systems for formaldehyde gas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bio-safety; decontamination; fumigation; sterilization AB Formaldehyde gas fumigation has been recognised for many years as an effective decontamination procedure to sterilize a variety of airborne and surface microorganisms. Although automated systems are commercially available generate formaldehyde gas, they tend to be very expensive and more complicated than is necessary for many applications. Also, they do not provide any means of assuring that gas levels are safe for occupancy by personnel following a treatment. Over a period of several years, areas in approximately 15 buildings at the southeast Poultry Research laboratory in Athens, GA have been decontaminated with a very basic, manually mixed, formaldehyde gas generation system. The decontamination was followed by several hours of mechanical clearing of the gas, using remotely operated exhaust fans. Interest in maximizing worker safety and providing simple and affordable fumigation led to the design of the automated systems described in this paper - one for formaldehyde gas generation, the other for formaldehyde gas neutralization. Proper use of these systems minimizes formaldehyde exposure risk for workers. Both systems can be easily constructed, and they have een used successfully for several years. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mitchell, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 377KM UT WOS:000165512800010 ER PT J AU Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Dickens, JA Marshall, DE AF Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Dickens, JA Marshall, DE TI Extraction load and intact crop removal in modified manual evisceration of male broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; crop removal; evisceration; processing ID SALMONELLA; POULTRY AB During evisceration of commercial broilers, crops can rupture and contaminate the carcass with bacteria pathogenic to humans. Three pre-evisceration procedures were compared to determine whether the percentage of crops extracted intact during manual evisceration could be increased: 1) leaving the head the head on; 2) removing the head between the first and second cervical vertebrae; and 3) shearing the spinal column parallel with the shoulders, then pulling the neck toward the head. The head-off and neck-off techniques resulted in significantly higher rates of extraction of intact crops (88.3 and 96.7%, respectively) compared to 15% with the head-on technique. The load required to remove intact crops from carcasses with the neck off was 16% lower (3.64 kg) than that required for carcasses with the head off (4.34 kg). Removal of the head or neck prior to manual evisceration improved the incidence of intact crop removal, and with removal of the neck less load was required. The cervical esophageal connection with the crop and attachments to the external crop surface, or attachments between exterior crop surface and neck muscles, appears to influence the likelihood of intact crop removal. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Buhr, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 377KM UT WOS:000165512800012 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Berrang, ME AF Cox, NA Berrang, ME TI Inadequacy of selective plating media in field detection of Salmonella SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bacteria; carcass rinse; media AB Salmonella is an important human enteropathogen associated with poultry. Poultry is routinely analyzed for Salmonella by industry, regulatory, and research laboratories. Effectiveness of selective plating media is critical to Salmonella laboratory analysis. Many media routinely used in the food microbiology laboratory were developed for all Gram-negative human enteric pathogens encountered in a clinical laboratory, rather than for Salmonella alone. The presence of extraneous, non-Salmonella bacteria make the recognition of Salmonella on these plates very difficult. This, more than any other factor, contributes to poor performance of a medium. Primarily because of the poor performance of many selective agars in detecting Salmonella from non-clinical samples, food microbiology laboratories usually use two or more plating media to reduce false negative results. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 377KM UT WOS:000165512800016 ER PT J AU Peer, BD Sealy, SG AF Peer, BD Sealy, SG TI Conspecific brood parasitism and egg rejection in Great-tailed Grackles SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDS; NORTHERN MASKED WEAVER; NEST PARASITISM; COWBIRD PARASITISM; STURNUS-VULGARIS; PASSERINE BIRDS; STARLINGS; FREQUENCY; REMOVAL; CUCKOO AB In this study, we tested whether conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) has selected for egg rejection behavior in the colonial Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus. No evidence of CBP was recorded at 797 Great-tailed Grackle nests, and we did not induce CBP by experimentally removing nests while grackles were laying. We determined experimentally that Great-tailed Grackles are determinate layers, an attribute opposite to that sometimes associated with CBP. Despite the absence of CBP, Great-tailed Grackles rejected 8% of experimentally introduced conspecific eggs, rarely rejecting or damaging their own eggs. Conspecific eggs added to nests during incubation tended to be rejected more frequently than eggs switched between nests, and eggs that differed the most from the host's eggs tended to be rejected sooner. There was no relationship between rejection and the stage of the nest cycle when experimental parasitism occurred; however, eggs were rejected faster when added during the prelaying and incubation stages than during laying. Evidence suggests, therefore, that egg rejection behavior in Great-tailed Grackles has not evolved in response to CBP. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Zool, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Peer, BD (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Zool,Great Plains Field Stn, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Brian.D.Peer@usda.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310301.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 362ND UT WOS:000089783300001 ER PT J AU Bachrach, LK Wang, M Van Loan, M Crawford, PB AF Bachrach, LK Wang, M Van Loan, M Crawford, PB TI Peak bone mass and hormonal contraceptive use during adolescence. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA M342 BP S538 EP S538 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898401634 ER PT J AU Hannan, MT Gagnon, D Tucker, KL Cupples, LA Felson, DT Kiel, DP AF Hannan, MT Gagnon, D Tucker, KL Cupples, LA Felson, DT Kiel, DP TI Associations of dietary and supplemental vitamin C on bone density: the Framingham study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Arthritis, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA SA310 BP S292 EP S292 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400614 ER PT J AU Huang, DC Horst, RL Rhim, J Kremer, R AF Huang, DC Horst, RL Rhim, J Kremer, R TI Novel mutations in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 1 alpha-hydroxylase gene in patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McGill Univ, Royal Victoria Hosp, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Basic Res Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA M488 BP S571 EP S571 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898401779 ER PT J AU Huang, DC Horst, RL Kremer, R AF Huang, DC Horst, RL Kremer, R TI Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 1 alpha-hydroxylase gene expression and activity by calcium, PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 in normal human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Royal Victoria Hosp, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Svc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA SU494 BP S450 EP S450 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898401267 ER PT J AU Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B Soerensen, HA Anderson, JJ Hyldstrup, L AF Krall, EA Dawson-Hughes, B Soerensen, HA Anderson, JJ Hyldstrup, L TI Longitudinal changes in metacarpal bone density in men. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hosp, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA SU017 BP S336 EP S336 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400790 ER PT J AU Krall, EA Randall, C Harris, SS Garcia, RI Dawson-Hughes, B AF Krall, EA Randall, C Harris, SS Garcia, RI Dawson-Hughes, B TI Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduce tooth loss in the elderly. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA 1211 BP S191 EP S191 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400212 ER PT J AU Rath, N Balog, J Huff, WE Huff, GR AF Rath, N Balog, J Huff, WE Huff, GR TI Thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA SU048 BP S343 EP S343 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400821 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Hannan, MT Chen, H McLean, RR Felson, DT Kiel, DP AF Tucker, KL Hannan, MT Chen, H McLean, RR Felson, DT Kiel, DP TI Diet pattern groups are related to bone mineral density (BMD) among adults: The Framingham Study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, HRCA, Boston, MA USA. HRCA, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Arthrit Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA F312 BP S222 EP S222 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400338 ER PT J AU Wang, MC Bachrach, LK Siemering, KO Van Loan, M Crawford, PB Sabry, ZJ AF Wang, MC Bachrach, LK Siemering, KO Van Loan, M Crawford, PB Sabry, ZJ TI Influence of pregnancy on peak bone mass in young women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA 1200 BP S188 EP S188 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400201 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Tchack, L AF Wood, RJ Tchack, L TI Development of an assay for the human calbindin D9K protein and demonstration of vitamin D-dependent calbindin D9K expression in Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal cell line. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 SU 1 MA SA477 BP S323 EP S323 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 346YJ UT WOS:000088898400737 ER PT J AU Curren, MSS Burk, RC AF Curren, MSS Burk, RC TI Partitioning of acidic solutes between water and supercritical carbon dioxide. Effect of pH and ionic strength SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID FLUID EXTRACTION; AQUEOUS MATRICES; SOLUBILITIES; EQUILIBRIUM; PHENOLS; LIQUID AB Partitioning of pentachlorophenol (PCP) between water and CO2 was investigated to determine the effects of pH and ionic strength on the value of the distribution coefficient, K. Decreasing the pH or increasing the ionic strength increased the value of K. The distribution coefficient was larger than that; predicted by considering the extent of hydrolysis of the solute in the aqueous phase. However, impedance measurements suggest that negligible concentrations of ions exist in the CO2 phase. Together, these two facts suggest that the aqueous phase hydrolysis equilibrium is shifted toward unhydrolyzed solute as PCP partitions to CO2. The value of K was smaller than the ratio of solubilities of the solute in the two phases, likely due to the effect of solute composition on the solute activity coefficients in each phase. Partitioning isotherms are also reported for the solutes pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at about 40 degrees C, between about 100 to 270 bar. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Analyt & Environm Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Burk, RC (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Analyt & Environm Chem, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 45 IS 5 BP 746 EP 750 DI 10.1021/je000008o PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 356FH UT WOS:000089433000008 ER PT J AU Blum, U Staman, KL Flint, LJ Shafer, SR AF Blum, U Staman, KL Flint, LJ Shafer, SR TI Induction and/or selection of phenolic acid-utilizing bulk-soil and rhizosphere bacteria and their influence on phenolic acid phytotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; bulk-soil and rhizosphere bacteria; Cucumis; phenolic acid mixtures; phytotoxicity ID FERULIC ACID; ALLELOPATHIC INTERACTIONS; CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; NUTRIENT CULTURE; LEAF EXPANSION; PLANT-ROOTS; LITTER; WATER; MIXTURES AB Bulk-soil and rhizosphere bacteria are thought to exert considerable influence over the types and concentrations of phytotoxins, including phenolic acids, that reach a root surface. Induction and/or selection of phenolic acid-utilizing (PAU) bacteria within the bulk-soil and rhizosphere have been observed when soils are enriched with individual phenolic acids at concentrations greater than or equal to0.25 mu mol/g soil. However, since field soils frequently contain individual phenolic acids at concentrations well below 0.1 mu mol/g soil, the actual importance of such induction and/or selection remains uncertain. Common bacteriological techniques (e.g., isolation on selective media, and plate dilution frequency technique) were used to demonstrate in Cecil Ap soil systems: (1) that PAU bacterial communities in the bulk soil and the rhizosphere of cucumber seedlings were induced and/or selected by mixtures composed of individual phenolic acids at concentrations well below 0.25 mu mol/g soil; (2) that readily available carbon sources other than phenolic acids, such as glucose, did not modify induction and/or selection of PAU bacteria; (3) that the resulting bacterial communities readily utilize mixtures of phenolic acids as a carbon source; and (4) that depending on conditions (e.g., initial PAU bacterial populations, and phenolic acid concentration) there were significant inverse relationships between PAU bacteria in the rhizosphere of cucumber seedlings and absolute rates of leaf expansion and/or shoot biomass. The decline in seedling growth could not be attributed to resource competition (e.g., nitrogen) between the seedlings and the PAU bacteria in these studies. The induced and/or selected rhizosphere PAU bacteria, however, reduced the magnitude of growth inhibition by phenolic acid mixtures. For a 0.6 mu mol/g soil equimolar phenolic acid mixture composed of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid, modeling indicated that an increase of 500% in rhizosphere PAU bacteria would lead to an approximate 5% decrease (e.g., 20-25%) in inhibition of absolute rates of leaf expansion. As far as we know, this is the first time that such a relationship has been quantified. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Blum, U (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Gentry, Laura/0000-0001-9903-7265 NR 49 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2059 EP 2078 DI 10.1023/A:1005560214222 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369ZY UT WOS:000165098700007 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Romagni, JG Duke, SO AF Dayan, FE Romagni, JG Duke, SO TI Investigating the mode of action of natural phytotoxins SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mode of action; mechanism of action; methods; bioassay; allelochemical; herbicide; phytotoxin; natural products ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; HERBICIDES; INHIBITION; CHLOROPHYLL; PRODUCTS; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB The potential use of natural phytotoxins (including allelochemicals) to develop novel tools for weed management is enhanced by the elucidation of their modes of action. This approach has not been emphasized by the agrochemical industry, although the possibility of discovering new target sites may be promising, since natural products tend to have modes of action different from synthetic herbicides. The approach of testing a compound on all known herbicide molecular target sites for commercial herbicides and other potent phytotoxins is feasible. However, this would preclude the discovery of new mechanisms of action. Discovering new target sites requires more challenging holistic approaches, initiated with physiological and biochemical studies that use whole plant assays. Studying basic plant responses to a compound may yield important clues to the specific physiological processes affected by the compounds and uncover novel mechanisms of action. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 39 TC 165 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2079 EP 2094 DI 10.1023/A:1005512331061 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369ZY UT WOS:000165098700008 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV Besser, TE Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Wells, GAH Ryder, SJ Parish, SM Hamir, AN Cockett, NE Jenny, A Knowles, DP AF O'Rourke, KI Baszler, TV Besser, TE Miller, JM Cutlip, RC Wells, GAH Ryder, SJ Parish, SM Hamir, AN Cockett, NE Jenny, A Knowles, DP TI Preclinical diagnosis of scrapie by immunohistochemistry of third eyelid lymphoid tissue SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; NATURAL SCRAPIE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; UNITED-STATES; PRP PROTEIN; MULE DEER AB Ovine scrapie is a member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a heterogeneous family of fatal neurologic disorders characterized by deposition of an abnormal isoform (prion protein [PrP] PrP-Sc) of a cellular sialoglycoprotein in neural tissue. PrP-Sc is detectable in some lymphoid tissues of infected sheep months or years before development of clinical disease. Detection of PrP-Sc in these tissues is the basis for live-animal testing, In this study, we characterize the performance of a preclinical diagnostic test for ovine scrapie based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based immunohistochemistry assay of nictitating membrane ("third eyelid")-associated lymphoid tissue. The results of third eyelid immunohistochemistry assay agreed with the scrapie status of the sheep for 41 of 42 clinical suspects with confirmed scrapie and 174 of 175 sheep without scrapie. Third eyelid sampling agreed with the scrapie status for 36 of 41 clinically normal sheep positive for PrP-Sc immunostaining of brain tissue, including 27 sheep with positive biopsy specimens that progressed to clinical disease with confirmed scrapie 3 to 20 months after biopsy. The assay used MAb F89/160.1.5, which binds to residues 142 to 145 of ovine PrP. This antibody can be used in combination with MAb F99/97.6.1, which binds to residues 220 to 225, One or both MAbs in this cocktail recognize PrP sequences conserved in most mammalian species in which natural TSEs have been reported. Immunohistochemistry assay of routinely formalin-fixed lymphoid tissues with a cocktail of pan-specific MAbs is a practical, readily standardized live-animal and preclinical test for ovine scrapie. C1 ARS, USDA, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. Minist Agr Fisheries & Food, Vet Labs Agcy, Surrey, England. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ADRU, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 33 TC 187 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3254 EP 3259 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 350RG UT WOS:000089114500021 PM 10970367 ER PT J AU Storz, J Lin, XQ Purdy, CW Chouljenko, VN Kousoulas, KG Enright, FM Gilmore, WC Briggs, RE Loan, RW AF Storz, J Lin, XQ Purdy, CW Chouljenko, VN Kousoulas, KG Enright, FM Gilmore, WC Briggs, RE Loan, RW TI Coronavirus and Pasteurella infections in bovine shipping fever pneumonia and Evans' criteria for causation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; TRANSPORTED CALVES; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HAEMOLYTICA; CATTLE; ACETYLESTERASE AB Respiratory tract infections with viruses and Pasteurella spp. were determined sequentially among 26 cattle that died during two severe epizootics of shipping fever pneumonia. Nasal swab and serum samples were collected prior to onset of the epizootics, during disease progression, and after death, when necropsies were performed and lung samples were collected. Eighteen normal control cattle also were sampled at the beginning of the epizootics as well as at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) were isolated from nasal secretions of 21 and 25 cattle before and after transport. Two and 17 cattle nasally shed Pasteurella spp. before and after transport, respectively. RBCV were isolated at titers of 1 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(7) PFU per g of lung tissue from 18 cattle that died within 7 days of the epizootics, but not from the lungs of the remaining cattle that died on days 9 to 36. Twenty-five of the 26 lung samples were positive for Pasteurella spp., and their CFU ranged between 4.0 x 10(5) and 2.3 x 10(9) per g. Acute and subacute exudative, necrotizing lobar pneumonia characterized the lung lesions of these cattle with a majority of pneumonic lung lobes exhibiting fibronecrotic and exudative changes typical of pneumonic pasteurellosis, but other lung lobules had histological changes consisting of bronchiolitis and alveolitis typical of virus-induced changes. These cattle were immunologically naive to both infectious agents at the onset of the epizootics, but those that died after day 7 had rising antibody titers against RBCV and Pasteurella haemolytica. In contrast, the 18 clinically normal and RBCV isolation-negative cattle had high hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers to RBCV from the beginning, while their antibody responses to P, haemolytica antigens were delayed. Evans' criteria for causation were applied to our findings because of the multifactorial nature of shipping fever pneumonia. This analysis identified RBCV as the primary inciting cause in these two epizootics. These viruses were previously not recognized as a causative agent in this complex respiratory tract disease of cattle. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX USA. Texas Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Storz, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3291 EP 3298 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 350RG UT WOS:000089114500027 PM 10970373 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Phelan, TJ Abriola, LM AF Bradford, SA Phelan, TJ Abriola, LM TI Dissolution of residual tetrachloroethylene in fractional wettability porous media: correlation development and application SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAH Groundwater Quality 1998 Conference (GQ98) CY 1998 CL TUBINGEN, GERMANY DE dissolution; wettability; sorption; nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; MASS-TRANSFER RATES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REMEDIATION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; SOIL; SOLUBILIZATION; EXTRACTION AB This work explores the dissolution behavior of residual tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in chemically heterogeneous soils. A numerical solute transport simulator, that incorporates rate-limited dissolution and desorption using linear driving force expressions, was developed and applied to analyze soil column dissolution data and to conduct numerical dissolution experiments. Published mass transfer coefficients were unable to accurately predict the observed dissolution of entrapped PCE in fractional wettability porous media (media containing both water- and PCE-wet solid surfaces). A two-parameter power function expression for the lumped mass transfer coefficient was developed and successfully fit to these data. Correlations were then developed for the fitted mass transfer model parameters as a function of wettability and grain size distribution characteristics. The power function model: in conjunction with the parameter correlations, yielded reasonable predictions for long-term dissolution behavior in the more PCE-wetting media. Poorer predictions for the more water-wet materials were attributed to an increased sensitivity of effluent concentration behavior to temporal changes in PCE saturation in these systems. Many of the effluent concentration curves exhibited low and persistent concentration tailing after recovery of the separate phase PCE. This tailing behavior could be adequately modeled by incorporation of rate-limited desorption. Results from numerical experiments indicate that both the magnitude and spatial distribution of wettability can significantly influence PCE dissolution behavior and remediation time. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010; Phelan, Thomas/H-3089-2013 OI Phelan, Thomas/0000-0003-2270-8416 NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00118-2 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 360DQ UT WOS:000089651500003 ER PT J AU Moore, SJ VandeHaar, MJ Sharma, BK Pilbeam, TE Beede, DK Bucholtz, HF Liesman, JS Horst, RL Goff, JP AF Moore, SJ VandeHaar, MJ Sharma, BK Pilbeam, TE Beede, DK Bucholtz, HF Liesman, JS Horst, RL Goff, JP TI Effects of altering dietary cation-anion difference on calcium and energy metabolism in peripartum cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prepartum diet; anionic salts; energy balance; hypocalcemia ID LACTATING DAIRY-CATTLE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PARTURIENT PARESIS; MILK FEVER; BALANCE; BLOOD; HYDROXYPROLINE; EXPRESSION; CHLORIDE; SERUM AB Our objective was to determine the effects of varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD: meq[(Na + K) - (Cl + S)l/100 g of dry matter) in prepartum diets on Ca, energy, and endocrine status prepartum and postpartum. Holstein cows (n = 21) and heifers (n = 34) were fed diets with varying amounts of CaCl2, CaSO4, and MgSO4 to achieve a DCAD of +15 (control), 0, or -15 meq/100 g of dry matter for the last 24 d before expected calving. Dietary Ca concentration was increased (by CaCO3 supplementation) with decreasing DCAD. Plasma ionized Ca concentrations prepartum and at calving in both cows and heifers increased with reduced DCAD in the diet. At calving, plasma ionized Ca concentration was 3.67, 3.85, and 4.35 for cows and 4.44, 4.57, and 4.62 mg/dl for heifers fed diets containing +15, 0, and -15 DCAD, respectively. All heifers had normal concentrations of plasma ionized Ca (>4 mg/dl) at calving. Also at calving, plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol were less in cows and heifers fed diets containing reduced DCAD, but the plasma concentration of hydroxyproline was not affected by diet. Prepartum dry matter intake, energy balance, and body weight gains were lower and concentration of liver triglyceride was higher for heifers but not cows fed the -15 DCAD diet. Also, nonesterified fatty acids the last week prepartum were positively correlated with liver triglyceride for heifers but not cows. Feeding of anionic salts plus CaCO3 to reduce DCAD to -15 and increase Ca in prepartum diets prevents hypocalcemia at calving in cows, but decreases prepartum dry matter intake and increases the concentration of liver triglyceride in heifers. That heifers maintained calcium homeostasis at calving regardless of diet but ate less when fed the -15 DCAD diet suggests that they should not be fed anionic salts before calving. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Anim Res Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP VandeHaar, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 29 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2095 EP 2104 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 353VB UT WOS:000089295200028 PM 11003243 ER PT J AU Vasilatos-Younken, R Zhou, Y Wang, X McMurtry, JP Rosebrough, RW Decuypere, E Buys, N Darras, VM Van der Geyten, S Tomas, F AF Vasilatos-Younken, R Zhou, Y Wang, X McMurtry, JP Rosebrough, RW Decuypere, E Buys, N Darras, VM Van der Geyten, S Tomas, F TI Altered chicken thyroid hormone metabolism with chronic GH enhancement in vivo: consequences for skeletal muscle growth SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I IGF-I; ADIPOSE-TISSUE INVITRO; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BROILER-CHICKENS; DEFICIENT ADULTS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; INSULIN AB In contrast to most vertebrates, GH reportedly has no effect upon somatic growth of the chicken. However, previous studies employed only one to two dosages of the hormone, and limited evidence exists of a hyperthyroid response that may confound its anabolic potential. This study evaluated the effects of 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mug/kg body weight per day chicken GH (cGH) (0-200 GH) infused i.v. for 7 days in a pulsatile pattern to immature. growing broiler chickens (9-10 birds/dosage). Comprehensive profiles of thyroid hormone metabolism and measures of somatic growth were obtained. Overall (average) body weight gain was reduced 25% by GH, with a curvilinear, dose-dependent decrease in skeletal (breast) muscle mass that was maximal (12%) at 100 GH. This profile mirrored GH dose-dependent decreases in hepatic type III deiodinase (DIII) activity and increases in plasma tri-iodothyronine (T-3), with both also maximal (74 and 108% respectively) at 100 GH. No effect on type I deiodinase was observed. At the maximally effective dosage, hepatic DIII gene expression was reduced 44% versus controls. Despite dose-dependent, fold-increases in hepatic IGF-I protein content, circulating IGF-I was not altered with GH infusion, suggesting impairment of hepatic IGF-I release. Significant, GH dose-dependent increases in plasma non-esterified fatty acid and glucose, and overall decreases in triacylglycerides were also observed. At 200 GH, feed intake was significantly reduced (19% P<0.05) versus controls: however, additional control birds pair-fed to this level did not exhibit any responses observed for GH-treated birds. The results of this study support a pathway by which GH impacts on thyroid hormone metabolism beginning at a pretranslational level, with reduced hepatic DIII gene expression, translating to reduced protein (enzyme) ex pression, and reflected in a reduced level of peripheral T-3-degrading activity. This contributes to decreased conversion of T-3 to its inactive form, thereby elevating circulating T-3 levels. The hyper-T-3 state leads to reduced net skeletal muscle deposition, and may impair release of GH-enhanced, hepatic IGF-I. In conclusion, GH has significant biological effects in the chicken, but profound metabolic actions predominate that may confound positive, IGF-I-mediated skeletal muscle growth. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven Poultry Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Cooperat Res Ctr Tissue Growth & Repair, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Vasilatos-Younken, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4NQ, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 166 IS 3 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1660609 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 415JN UT WOS:000167718200015 PM 10974655 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR Ernst, FF Jury, WA AF Gan, J Yates, SR Ernst, FF Jury, WA TI Degradation and volatilization of the fumigant chloropicrin after soil treatment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; METABOLISM; EMISSIONS AB Chloropicrin (CP) is used in fumigation of soil-borne pests. Because of its high volatility and toxicity, atmospheric emission of CP during soil application may become a source of air pollution. We investigated degradation of CP in three different soils as a function of soil temperature and moisture conditions, and evaluated its volatilization against methyl bromide (MeBr) from packed soil columns. Chloropicrin degraded much faster than MeBr in the same soil, mainly via microbial degradation. Degradation of CP accelerated as soil temperature increased, but was relatively independent of changes in soil moisture. When the soil surface was uncovered, overall volatilization loss of CP was similar to that of MeBr. Covering the soil surface with a polyethylene or high-barrier film was much more effective in reducing volatilization of CP than MeBr. Therefore, surface covers may be used in sensitive areas to reduce human exposure to CP. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1397 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600004 ER PT J AU Li, YM Chaney, RL Siebielec, G Kerschner, BA AF Li, YM Chaney, RL Siebielec, G Kerschner, BA TI Response of four turfgrass cultivars to limestone and biosolids-compost amendment of a zinc and cadmium contaminated soil at Palmerton, Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; COPPER; RECLAMATION; SMELTER; METALS; LEAD; ZN; CU; MN AB Revegetation treatments (NPK fertilizer, limestone plus NPK fertilizer, or composted iron-rich limed biosolids) were evaluated on severely Zn phytotoxic soils near a former smelter, Soils contained 15 500 mg Zn and 158 mg Cd kg(-1) and initial soil pH was 6,0. Zinc resistant Merlin' red fescue (Festuca rubra L,) was compared with 'Bonanza' and 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Touchdown' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) for leaf phytotoxicity symptoms, rapidity of achieving cover, persistence of cover, and metal accumulation. Biosolids compost more strongly reduced soluble Zn and Cd, resulting in effective remediation of Zn phytotoxicity that persisted for the 4 yr of this test. 'Merlin' red fescue showed remarkable exclusion of Zn and Cd (201-446 mg kg-l Zn and 0.9-2.7 mg kg(-1) Cd in dry shoots from treated plots) but grew slowly and made poor lawns. 'Kentocky-31' fall fescue plants grew rapidly and reached almost 100% cover within 3 mo in compost treatment plots, but the Zn exceeded phytotoxic threshold levels (>500 mg Zn kg(-1)). 'Bonanza' tall fescue and 'Touchdown' Kentucky bluegrass had good growth performance and contained lower concentrations of Zn and Cd than 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue on biosolids-compost amended treatments and were more suitable as a lawn and/or revegetation crop. After the first year of the study, the commercial turfgrasses survived only on the biosolids-compost plots. The combination of calcareous soil pH and higher organic matter, Fe, and phosphate levels of biosolids-compost amended plots improved the overall success of vegetation establishment and allowed important turfgrasses to revegetate highly Zn-contaminated soils. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Zinc Corp Amer, Palmerton, PA 18071 USA. Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Pulawy, Poland. RP Li, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yli@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1440 EP 1447 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600010 ER PT J AU Sharpley, A Moyer, B AF Sharpley, A Moyer, B TI Phosphorus forms in manure and compost and their release during simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; GRASSLAND SOILS; FRACTIONS; CULTIVATION; NITROGEN; WATERS AB The large accumulation of P in manure from animal feeding operations in localized areas has increased the potential for P export following land application. impairment of freshwater quality by accelerated eutrophication has focused attention on manure management and the potential For P loss in runoff. Thus, we investigated the amounts and relative solubilities of P in manures and their composts using a modified Hedley fractionation and release of P during simulated rainfall (70 mm h(-1) for 30 min) in laboratory columns (15-cm diameter). Twenty-four samples each of dairy manure, dairy manure compost, poultry manure, poultry manure compost, poultry litter, and swine manure were collected over 2 yr, Total P concentration ranged from 2600 to 40 000 mg kg(-1), mostly as inorganic P (63 to 92%). The distribution of inorganic and organic P fractions depended on manure and compost type. Most of the inorganic P, 80%, was water extractable (2030 mg kg(-1)), while 55% was hydroxide extractable in swine slurry (16 620 mg kg(-1)) and 38% acid extractable in poultry manure (9320 mg kg(-1)). The dissolved inorganic P concentration in leachate from manure and compost (10 Mg ha(-1) manure application rate) during a 30-min rainfall ranged from 34 (poultry Litter) to 75 mg L-1 (poultry manure). The amount of P leached by five simulated rainfall events was significantly correlated to respective water extractable inorganic (r(2) = 0.98) or organic P (r(2) = 0.99) of each material. This suggests that water extractable P may be used to estimate the potential for land-applied manures or composts to enrich leachate and surface runoff P. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 45 TC 318 Z9 330 U1 15 U2 114 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1462 EP 1469 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600012 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR Knuteson, JA Becker, JO AF Gan, J Yates, SR Knuteson, JA Becker, JO TI Transformation of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil by thiosulfate fertilizers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; COMPUTED CONCENTRATIONS; UREASE INHIBITOR; AIR; VOLATILIZATION; DEGRADATION; EMISSIONS; FUMIGANTS; FIELDS AB The pesticide 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) is considered to be the most promising alternative to methyl bromide for soilborne pest control The high volatility of 1,3-D, however, has been shown to result in excessive atmospheric emissions that may impose toxicological effects on workers or residents. This study demonstrated that 1,3-D was rapidly transformed to nonvolatile products by thiosulfate fertilizers in soil, and that thiosulfate-facilitated fumigant transformation may be used to reduce 1,3-D emissions. Transformation of 1,3-D by thiosulfate was chemically based, and 1,3-D degradation in soil accelerated proportionally as thiosulfate level in soil increased. At a 4:1 thiosulfate to fumigant molar ratio, the half-hfe of 1,3-D was reduced to only a few hours, as compared with >10 d for nonamended soils. The rate of thiosulfate-facilitated 1,3-D transformation was independent of soil types and was higher in moist soils and at high soil temperatures. Transformation occurred at a similar rate for ammonium, calcium, and sodium thiosulfates. As these thiosulfate compounds are commercial fertilizers, amendment of these products at the soil surface during 1,3-D fumigation may offer an effective and inexpensive approach for reducing W-D emissions. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1481 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600014 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Reeves, JB Meisinger, JJ AF Van Kessel, JS Reeves, JB Meisinger, JJ TI Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of potential manure components SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC MATERIALS; N MINERALIZATION; BROILER LITTER; SOIL; FRESH; CATTLE; INCUBATION; WASTES; BARLEY AB Current estimates of plant availability of manure N are highly variable. A study was conducted to examine C and N mineralization characteristics of manure components from feeds (immature and mature alfalfa and orchardgrass, soybean meal, roasted soybean meal), forage cell walls (acid detergent fiber [ADF] and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]), simple N compounds (urea, amino acids and peptides), and nondietary metabolic components (ruminal bacteria and colonic cells). Nitrogen and C mineralization were determined by aerobic incubation of sample-amended soil. Changes in NH4+ and NO3- concentration and CO2 production were monitored over 112 d. At C to N ratios below 15, there was a declining exponential relationship between the initial potential rate of C mineralization and the sample C to N ratio. However, at C to N ratios above 15, the initial potential rate of C mineralization was low and insensitive to C to N ratio. Percent of added N mineralized ranged from 92% for urea and 13% for mature orchardgrass to a net N immobilization for ADF- and NDF-amended soils. When the C to N ratio was below 42, there was a linear relationship between readily mineralizable N and the C to N ratio. There were also positive relationships between readily mineralizable C and N and the components' total N concentration. Manure contains a range of compounds that have rapid or intermediate N mineralization characteristics, or that are strong immobilizers of N. These results suggest that improved estimates of manure N mineralization may be obtained by considering both the readily available N components and components that strongly immobilize N. C1 USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Conservat & Metab Lab, BARC E, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. EM jkessel@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 47 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1669 EP 1677 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600038 ER PT J AU Nichols, DS Higgins, DA AF Nichols, DS Higgins, DA TI Long-term wastewater treatment effectiveness of a northern Wisconsin peatland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WETLAND; EFFLUENT AB Secondary effluent from the Drummond, WI wastewater stabilization lagoon system was applied to an acidic, nutrient-poor, 8.3-ha peatland for the purpose of advanced wastewater treatment. Application occurred from June through October at an average rate of 10 cm yr(-1) from 1979 to 1982, 24 cm yr(-1) from 1983 to 1988, and 40 cm yr(-1) from 1989 to 1996, increasing surface flow from the application area by 47,78, and 154%, respectively. The pH of the peatland outflow increased from 4.2 to 6.7, chloride rose from 1.1 mg L-1 to 80 mg L-1, and total phosphorus increased from 0.05 mg L-1 to 0.6 mg L-1 Because raw sewage input was only one-half of the lagoon system's design capacity, the lagoons provided a high degree of sewage treatment, removing 95% of suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrogen from the wastewater stream. Phosphorus removal in the lagoons, which was 98% in the first years of operation, declined to 85% by 1995. The peatland contributed little additional treatment, removing only 37% of the nitrogen and 17% of the phosphorus remaining in the lagoon effluent. The peatland's capacity to retain phosphorus was exhausted after a few years of application. Increased pH, nutrient availability, and water levels altered the peatland vegetation community. The Sphagnum ground cover was reduced or eliminated in many places, and dense stands of cattail (Typha sp,) developed in some areas. Small peatlands such as this one seem poor candidates for use as tertiary treatment systems. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pk Falls, WI 54552 USA. RP Nichols, DS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 E Hwy 169, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1703 EP 1714 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356RX UT WOS:000089457600042 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Granados, RG Widrlechner, MP Wilson, LA AF Fuentes-Granados, RG Widrlechner, MP Wilson, LA TI Inheritance studies of aromatic compounds in Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Institute-of-Food-Technologists CY JUN 14-18, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Inst Food Technologists DE Agastache foeniculum; Lamiaceae; anise hyssop; inheritance; generic diversity; chemotype; essential oil composition; myrcene; limonene; methyl chavicol ID GENETIC-CONTROL; PERILLA-FRUTESCENS; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; OIL; BIOSYNTHESIS; DIPHOSPHATE; LAMIACEAE; MENTHA AB Generic control of volatile oil production in Agastache foeniculum and, more specifically, of the production of myrcene, limonene, and methyl chavicol, three major components of its essential oils, was elucidated. Controlled crosses were made between individuals with different chemotypes, and F-2 populations were analyzed for their composition of volatiles by using headspace gas chromatography. Total aromatic volatile emittance was found to be under polygenic control with additive gene effects for four of eight families studied, and each of the three major components was controlled by one to a few genes with recessive to additive effects. Evidence is also presented suggesting that population PI 561057 transmits a generic Factor or factors that suppress the overall production of the major volatile oil components. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Widrlechner, MP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 581 EP 594 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 353WX UT WOS:000089299400015 ER PT J AU Bishop, MA Meyers, PM McNeley, PF AF Bishop, MA Meyers, PM McNeley, PF TI A method to estimate migrant shorebird numbers on the Copper River Delta, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; SPRING MIGRATION; PACIFIC COAST; CHRONOLOGY AB We estimated the: annual population of Western Sandpipers (Calidras mauri) and Dunlin ( Calidris alpina pacifica) stopping over on the Copper River Delta during peak spring migration 1992-1995. Our calculations required four components: total daily shorebird numbers, the daily proportion of each species, average length of stay, and the detection probability. For the 21-d period 26 April-16 May, annual population estimates for Western Sandpiper ranged from 1.2-4.1 million birds per year. Dunlin estimates for this same period ranged from 0.3-0.9 million. For both species, numbers were highest in 1993 and lowest in 1994. Power analysis determined that 15 yr of aerial surveys are needed to detect a 10% decline in Western Sandpiper numbers. Based on the proportion of birds in the Pacific Flyway stopping over on the Copper River Delta, we estimated the Western Sandpiper Pacific Flyway population was >2.8 million in 1992 and >4.3 million in 1995. These data indicate that the Copper River Delta continues to support the largest spring concentration of shorebirds in the Western Hemisphere. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bishop, MA (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, POB 705, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 4 BP 627 EP 637 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390XP UT WOS:000166325300007 ER PT J AU Maier, TJ DeGraaf, RM AF Maier, TJ DeGraaf, RM TI Rhodamine-injected eggs to photographically identify small nest-predators SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUAIL EGGS; FOREST; BIRDS; SIZE; MICE AB Photographs that clearly disclose avian-nest predators are difficult to obtain, particularly when predators are small and exhibit subtle depredatory behavior. We exposed House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs injected with Rhodamine B dye in camera-monitored ground nests for 12-d periods at 76 sites within mixed-hardwood forest stands in central Massachusetts, June-July 1997. Dye-injected eggs enabled us to recognize with certainty when eggs were breached at the nest because their contents were fluorescent pink and readily detected photographically. Eleven potential predator species were identified disturbing nests, of which eight were confirmed as predators. Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were the most frequent predators detected, along with fisher (Martes pennanti), raccoon (Procyon lotor), Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata), Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), an Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). White-footed mice were the most commonly detected species disturbing nests, but were photographed only once actually destroying an egg. The visual cue provided by dye-injected House Sparrow eggs confirmed depredatory behavior by eastern chipmunks, Black-capped Chickadees, an Eastern Towhee, and a white-footed mouse. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Maier, TJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 4 BP 694 EP 701 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390XP UT WOS:000166325300015 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M Cook, RD Scullen, OJ Annous, BA AF Kozempel, M Cook, RD Scullen, OJ Annous, BA TI Development of a process for detecting nonthermal effects of microwave energy on microorganisms at low temperature SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD AB We developed an experimental process capable of isolating thermal and nonthermal effects of microwave energy relative to the destruction of microorganisms at low temperature. The concept combines instantaneous energy input to the food system by microwaves with rapid removal of thermal energy. The process used a double tube heat exchanger inside a continuous microwave dryer. The outer tube was transparent to microwaves, whereas the inner tube was stainless steel and was used for cooling the system. The microwave energy, 5-6 kW power, was absorbed by the process fluid in the annulus. The cooling water flowing in the inner tube removed the thermal energy from the process fluid to control temperature at or below 45C. The process was at turbulent flow to assure a uniform temperature and dwell time. There were no detected nonthermal effects fi om microwave energy for yeast, Pediococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, or Enterobacter aerogenes in various test fluids, such as water, liquid egg, beer, apple juice, apple cider, and tomato juice. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2000.tb00420.x PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 356YU UT WOS:000089472400003 ER PT J AU Huxsoll, CC AF Huxsoll, CC TI Assessment of near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance analysis for measuring moisture and water activity in raisins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB Near Infrared (NIR) Analysis was applied to assess its potential for measuring water activity (a(w)) and moisture in California Seedless Raisins in moisture equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. Samples covered a wine range of anticipated moisture contents. An NIR calibration for a(w) was made for whole raisins that were fully equilibrated For ground raisins, NIR calibrations were made both a(w) and vacuum oven moisture, covering a large range of moisture contents and equilibrium conditions. Direct measurement of a(w) by a dewpoint device gave highly repeatable results, especially for ground raisins. Vacuum oven analysis of moisture was less precise than a(w) measurements. Full spectrum NIR calibrations indicated that NIR could predict a(w) of raisins in ground form, irrespective of their state of hydration beyond three hours following processing. A much larger sample population will be needed to establish precise calibrations for vacuum oven moisture. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Huxsoll, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2000.tb00422.x PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 356YU UT WOS:000089472400005 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Cason, JA Hinton, A Ingram, KD TI Coliform, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae concentrations in a multiple-tank, counterflow poultry scalder SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BROILER CARCASSES; CHICKEN CARCASSES; CONTAMINATION AB Scald water samples from a commercial broiler processing plant were tested for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae to evaluate the numbers of suspended bacteria in a multiple-tank, counterflow scalder. Water samples were taken from each of three tanks on 8 different days after 6-week-old broilers had been processed for 8 h. Coliforms and E. coli were counted using Petrifilm, and the most probable number (MPN) of salmonellae was determined both in water samples and in rinses of defeathered carcasses that were removed from the processing line immediately after taking the water samples. Mean coliform concentrations in tanks 1, 2, and 3 (the last tank that carcasses pass through before being defeathered) were 3.4, 2.0, and 1.2 log(10)(CFU/ml), respectively. E. coli concentrations followed the same pattern with means of 3.2, 1.5, and 0.8 in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of both coliforms and E. coli between the tanks. Sixteen of 24 scald-water samples were positive for salmonellae with a geometric mean of 10.9 MPN/100 ml in the positive samples. Salmonellae were isolated from seven of eight water samples from both tanks 1 and 2, but in only two of eight water samples from tank 3, the last tank that carcasses pass through. It appears that most bacteria removed from carcasses during scalding are washed off during the early part of scalding. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Pountry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Pountry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1184 EP 1188 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 350RF UT WOS:000089114400004 PM 10983790 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Lyon, BG Lyon, CE Windham, WR AF Bailey, JS Lyon, BG Lyon, CE Windham, WR TI The microbiological profile of chilled and frozen chicken SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB To determine the effect of different refrigeration and freezer temperatures on the microbiological profile of chicken, 50 commercially processed broiler chickens were each split in half on the day of processing, Equal groups were held at 4, 0, -4, -12, and -18 degrees C (40, 32, 26, 10, and 0 degrees F), respectively for 7 days. One half of each group was then transferred to a 0 degrees F holding chamber for an additional 7 days. Carcass halves were rinse sampled with 100 mi of phosphate-buffered saline and the diluent sampled for mesophilic, psychrotropic, coliform, and salmonellae counts after the initial 7 days at different temperatures and after 7 additional days at -18 degrees C. Ten carcass halves were sampled on the day of processing to give baseline counts. Mesophilic bacteria counts/ml were about log 4.6 on day 0, increased by 2 log after 7 days on carcasses held at 4 degrees C, and were unchanged at all other storage temperatures. Psychrotropic counts/ml were about log 3.6 on day 0 and increased during the initial 7 days by about 3.9, 1.9, and 1.4 logs, respectively on carcasses held at 4, 0, and -4 degrees C and had less than 1 log increase at -12 and -18 degrees C Coliform counts were about log 2.2/ml on day 0 and had declined to about log 1.5/ml or less by day 7 for all storage temperatures. Escherichia coli counts/ml were about log 2 on day 0 and were reduced about 1 log or more at other storage days. Salmonellae counts were about log 1.5 on salmonellae-positive carcasses and did not change appreciably at any storage temperature. No counts for any organism significantly changed after placement at -18 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1228 EP 1230 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 350RF UT WOS:000089114400011 PM 10983797 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Ingram, KD TI Use of oleic acid to reduce the population of the bacterial flora of poultry skin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; BROILER CARCASSES; MONOGLYCERIDES; SALMONELLAE; INHIBITION; MEAT AB The effect of oleic acid on native bacterial flora of poultry skin was examined. Skin from commercial broiler carcasses was washed once or twice in solutions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% (wt/vol) oleic acid and rinsed in peptone water. Aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci in the rinsates were enumerated. Significantly fewer aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci were recovered from rinsates of skin washed in oleic acid than from control samples. Additionally, fewer bacteria were recovered from rinsates of skin washed in higher concentrations of oleic acid than from skin washed in lower concentrations of the fatty acid. in most cases, there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria recovered from rinsates of skin washed once or twice in solutions of oleic acid. Washing skin samples twice in 10% solutions of oleic acid significantly reduced the number of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci that remained attached to the skin. Campylobncfer sp., Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria monocytogenes isolates possessed the least resistance to the antibacterial activity of oleic acid in vitro, while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed higher resistance. Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus lentus, and Salmonella Typhimurium had the greatest resistance to the antibacterial activity of oleic acid. Findings indicate that oleic acid reduces the number of bacteria on the skin of processed broilers and that the fatty acid is bactericidal to several spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with poultry. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1282 EP 1286 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 350RF UT WOS:000089114400021 PM 10983807 ER PT J AU Walker, HL Chowdhury, KA Thaler, AM Petersen, KE Ragland, RD James, WO AF Walker, HL Chowdhury, KA Thaler, AM Petersen, KE Ragland, RD James, WO TI Relevance of carcass palpation in lambs to protecting public health SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HAND DECONTAMINATION; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SALMONELLA AB We recently reviewed the Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS's) inspection procedures for lambs. As a result, FSIS published a Federal Register notice informing the public of its intent to change from an inspection system that requires extensive carcass palpation to an inspection system that requires no carcass palpation for lambs. This decision was based on the following three points. (i) Extensive carcass palpation in lambs does not routinely aid in the detection of food safety hazards that result in meat-borne illnesses. (ii) Hands are capable of spreading or adding contamination to the carcasses. (iii) FSIS inspection systems must reflect science-based decisions as they pertain to meat-borne illnesses consistent with a Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point environment. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program Dev & Evaluat, Inspect Syst Dev Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Walker, HL (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program Dev & Evaluat, Inspect Syst Dev Div, 300 12th St SW,Cotton Annex,Room 202, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1287 EP 1290 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 350RF UT WOS:000089114400022 PM 10983808 ER PT J AU Murray, BC Prisley, SP Birdsey, RA Sampson, RN AF Murray, BC Prisley, SP Birdsey, RA Sampson, RN TI Carbon sinks in the Kyoto Protocol - Potential relevance for US forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB The international agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol seeks to reduce the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases to mitigate the threat of global climate change. It contains provisions for including carbon stock changes from forests and land-use change to meet nations' greenhouse gas commitments, but the terms under which forest-related carbon stock changes are included are open to interpretation. Critical questions include how much of the carbon currently being sequestered by US forests might qualify, and what forest management activities will be included. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Environm & Nat Resource Econ Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA USA. Sampson Grp Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Murray, BC (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, Environm & Nat Resource Econ Program, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418NZ UT WOS:000167899400004 ER PT J AU Hoover, CM Birdsey, RA Heath, LS Stout, SL AF Hoover, CM Birdsey, RA Heath, LS Stout, SL TI How to estimate carbon sequestration on small forest tracts SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB International climate change agreements may anew carbon stored as a result of afforestation and reforestation to be used to offset CO2 emissions. Monitoring the carbon sequestered or released through forest management activities thus becomes important. Estimating forest carbon storage is feasible even for nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners, and the necessary tools are available.We developed a methodology for estimating forest carbon storage at the management unit stale and tested the impacts of hypothetical management scenarios on carbon sequestration over time. We demonstrate the procedure on two military installations in the southeastern United States and discuss some practical considerations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Global Change Program, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Hoover, CM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 98 IS 9 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418NZ UT WOS:000167899400005 ER PT J AU Goodwin, BK Schnepf, R AF Goodwin, BK Schnepf, R TI Determinants of endogenous price risk in corn and wheat futures markets SO JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY; HETEROSCEDASTICITY AB This analysis evaluates determinants of price variability in U.S. corn and wheat futures markets, The analysis is conducted in two segments. In the first segment, conditional heteroscedasticity models of price variability are estimated and used to examine the extent to which market conditions influence price variability. The second component of the analysis uses nonstructural vector autoregressive models to evaluate factors related to implied volatilities calculated from options premia, Our results indicate that corn and wheat price variability is significantly related to the ratio of use to stocks, futures market activity, and growing conditions. In addition, important seasonal and autoregressive effects are revealed. Our results provide an intuitive interpretation for GARCH and ARCH effects, which are often demonstrated for futures price data. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Goodwin, BK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-7314 J9 J FUTURES MARKETS JI J. Futures Mark. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 20 IS 8 BP 753 EP 774 DI 10.1002/1096-9934(200009)20:8<753::AID-FUT3>3.0.CO;2-F PG 22 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 348NV UT WOS:000088992000003 ER PT J AU Nawagitgul, P Morozov, I Bolin, SR Harms, FA Sorden, SD Paul, PS AF Nawagitgul, P Morozov, I Bolin, SR Harms, FA Sorden, SD Paul, PS TI Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS; PIGS; DISEASE; REPLICATION; EPITOPES; SYSTEM; DNA AB Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), a single-stranded DNA virus associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine, has two potential open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, greater than 600 nucleotides in length. ORF1 is predicted to encode a replication-associated protein (Rep) essential for replication of viral DNA, while ORF2 contains a conserved basic amino acid sequence at the N terminus resembling that of the major structural protein of chicken anaemia virus, Thus far, the structural protein(s) of PCV2 have not been identified. In this study, a viral structural protein of 30 kDa was identified in purified PCV2 particles. ORF2 of PCV2 was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector and the gene product was expressed in insect cells. The expressed ORF2 gene product had a molecular mass of 30 kDa, similar to that detected in purified virus particles. The recombinant ORF2 protein self-assembled to form capsid-like particles when viewed by electron microscopy. Antibodies against the ORF2 protein were detected in samples of sera obtained from pigs as early as 3 weeks after experimental infection with PCV2, These results show that the major structural protein of PCV2 is encoded by ORF2 and has a molecular mass of 30 kDa. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Viral & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Paul, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, 1802 Elwood Dr,Bldg 6, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 259 Z9 353 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 81 BP 2281 EP 2287 PN 9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 350LE UT WOS:000089101700019 PM 10950986 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Horner, HT AF Palmer, RG Horner, HT TI Genetics and cytology of a genic male-sterile, female-sterile mutant from a transposon-containing soybean population SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION; ROOT FLUORESCENCE; LINKAGE; LOCUS; FR1 AB A male-sterile, female-sterile soybean mutant (w4-m sterile) was identified among progeny of germinal revertants of a gene-tagging study, Our objectives were to determine the genetics (inheritance, allelism, and linkage) and the cytology (microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis) of the w4-m sterile, The mutant was inherited as a single recessive nuclear gene and was nonallelic to known male-sterile, female-sterile mutants st2 st2, st3 st3, st4 st4, st5 st5, and st6 st6 st7 st7, No linkage was detected between the w4-m sterile and the w4w4, y10 y10, y11 y11, y20 y20 fr1 fr1, and fr2 fr2 mutants. Homologous chromosome pairing was complete in fertile plants. Chromosome pairing, as observed in squash preparation, was almost completely absent in sterile plants. Developmentally microsporogenesis proceeded normally in both the fertile and the w4-m sterile through the early microspore stage. Then the tapetal cells of the w4-m sterile surrounding the young microspores developed different-size vacuoles, These tapetal cells became smaller in size and separated from each other. Some of the microspores of the w4-m sterile also became more vacuolate prematurely and sometimes they collapsed, usually by the late microspore stage, In the w4-m sterile the microspore walls remained thinner and structurally different from the microspore walls of fertile plants. No pollen was formed in the mutant plants, even though some of the male cells reached the pollen stage, although without normal filling. The w4-m sterile was designated st8st8 and assigned Soybean Genetic Type Collection number T352. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 91 IS 5 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1093/jhered/91.5.378 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 350YQ UT WOS:000089129600005 PM 10994704 ER PT J AU Herbeck, LA Semlitsch, RD AF Herbeck, LA Semlitsch, RD TI Life history and ecology of the southern redback salamander, Plethodon serratus, in Missouri SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; FOREST; GROWTH AB The life history and ecology of Plethodon serratus were studied in two populations in southcentral and southeastern Missouri, USA. One population was located on private land in Ferry County and the other was located in Mark Twain National Forest in Phelps County. Courtship and insemination probably occurred between December and March. Oviposition occurred during May or June and eggs hatched during July or August Gravid females contained an average of 6.3 (range 4-10) enlarged ovarian follicles. We assume that reproduction among females is biennial on the basis of two distinct groups of mature females, those with enlarged, yolk-filled follicles and those with only small follicles. Hatchlings emerged in September and October and averaged 17 mm SVL (range 15-20 mm SVL). The growing season extended from September to May and little growth occurred during June to August. Growth during the first year after hatching averaged 10 mm. Plethodon serratus was most active on the forest surface between October and May in Phelps County and August and May in Ferry County. The life-history pattern observed for P. serratus has characteristics of other small temperate plethodontid salamanders. C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Herbeck, LA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resource Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Iherbeck@fs.fed.us OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 34 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.2307/1565354 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 356ND UT WOS:000089448600001 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA AF Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA TI Interspecific interactions between Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in laboratory bioassays SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; Reticulitermes flavipes; Isoptera; competition; species interaction ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; FORAGING POPULATIONS; ANT PREDATION; COLONIES; TERRITORIES; PROPORTIONS; SOLDIERS; FLORIDA AB Experiments were conducted to examine competitive interactions between the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (FST), and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (EST), using groups of termites with different worker:soldier proportions. Experiments were conducted using three connected test chambers: an FST chamber, an unoccupied center chamber, and an EST chamber. When groups of FST were comprised of 20% soldiers versus 2 % EST soldiers, only 8% of center chambers were occupied exclusively by EST. When groups of FST were comprised of 10% soldiers versus I % EST soldiers, 44% of center chambers were occupied exclusively by EST. When the only food source was located in the center chamber, 60% of center chambers were occupied by both species. FST did not completely displace EST in any of these experiments. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 757 EP 770 DI 10.1023/A:1007804313256 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 368VE UT WOS:000090137500010 ER PT J AU Wei, Z Baggerman, G Nachman, RJ Goldsworthy, G Verhaert, P De Loof, A Schoofs, L AF Wei, Z Baggerman, G Nachman, RJ Goldsworthy, G Verhaert, P De Loof, A Schoofs, L TI Sulfakinins reduce food intake in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schistocerca gregaria; sulfakinin; CCK; feeding; neuropeptide ID SULFATED INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; CARDIOACTIVE PEPTIDE; ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; CHOLECYSTOKININ; MIGRATORIA; GASTRIN; LEUKOSULFAKININS; LEUCOSULFAKININ; HOMOLOGY; COMPLEX AB In vertebrates, the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y, galanin, and bombesin are known to be involved in the control of food intake. We report here that insect sulfakinins, peptides which display substantial sequence similarities with the vertebrate gastrin/CCK peptide family, significantly inhibit food uptake in fifth instar nymphs of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Upon injection of Lom-sulfakinin, a neuropeptide present in the corpus cardiacum of locusts, food intake was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner within a fixed 20 min time period. The induced effect ranged from 13% inhibition (10 pmol of injected peptide) to over 50% inhibition at 1 nmol. Other naturally occurring sulfakinins from different insect species also elicited this satiety effect. Analogous to the satiety effect of CCK in vertebrates, the sulfate group is required for activity. No effect on the palptip resistance was found after injection with sulfakinin. Therefore it seems unlikly that sulfakinins reduce food intake by decreasing the sensitivity of the taste receptors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol & Mol Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA, FAPRL, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Birkbeck Coll, Dept Biol, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Schoofs, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Lab Dev Physiol & Mol Biol, Naamsestr 59, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 37 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(00)00046-9 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 362MX UT WOS:000089782700003 ER PT J AU Howell, TA AF Howell, TA TI Adjusting temperature parameters to reflect well-watered conditions - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 126 IS 5 BP 340 EP 342 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2000)126:5(340) PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 358JV UT WOS:000089555700011 ER PT J AU Knipling, EF Steelman, CD AF Knipling, EF Steelman, CD TI Feasibility of controlling Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari : Ixodidae), the vector of Lyme disease, by parasitoid augmentation SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodiphagus hookeri; Ixodes scapularis; Amblyomma variegatum; acaracide; parasitoid augmentation ID HUNTERELLUS-HOOKERI HYMENOPTERA; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; IXODIPHAGUS-HOOKERI; ENCYRTIDAE; MASSACHUSETTS; POPULATIONS; DAMMINI; ECOLOGY AB A theoretical analysis of the feasibility of controlling tick populations (Ixodidae) by the release of reared Ixodiphagus parasitoids in tick ecosystems yielded promising results. The analysis suggested that if reasonable progress could be made in mass-rearing the parasitoids, it would be possible to control the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), the vector of Lyme disease, by this biological control procedure. Lyme disease has become the most important vector-borne disease in the United States. In a field-release experiment conducted in Africa by members of the International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology, effective control of Amblyomma variegatum (F.) was obtained by the release of Ixodiphagus parasitoids in tick habitats. Encouraging theoretical results along with the encouraging results of a field-release experiment indicate the need for civil and political leaders in countries where ticks are a major problem to sponsor strong and well-coordinated research initiatives focused on the development of this new method of dealing with tick problems. C1 ARS, Div Entomol, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.5.645 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RJ UT WOS:000089625600001 PM 11004774 ER PT J AU Nunamaker, RA De Leon, AAP Campbell, CL Lonning, SM AF Nunamaker, RA De Leon, AAP Campbell, CL Lonning, SM TI Oral infection of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) by vesicular stomatitis virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culicoides sonorensis; vesicular stomatitis virus; biting midge; vector competence; oral susceptibility ID BITING MIDGES DIPTERA; NEW-JERSEY; VARIIPENNIS DIPTERA; COLORADO; VECTORS AB Vesicular stomatitis virus serotype New Jersey (VSNJV) was mixed with bovine blood or fetal bovine serum (FBS) and fed across silicone membranes to laboratory populations of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones. In an initial study, virus was detected after 13 d in 21% of the midges that received an FBS/VSNJV mixture. In subsequent time-course experiments, engorged females were collected and maintained at 20.0 degrees C and assayed for VSNJV immediately after feeding and at 1, 3,7, 10 and 13 d after feeding. Virus was detected after 13 d in 3% of the midges that received a bovine blood/VSNJV mixture and in 9% of the midges that received an FBS/VSNJV mixture. The results indicate that C. sonorensis should be considered as a potential biological vector of VSNJV. C1 ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Rhone Poulenc AG Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nunamaker, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, POB 3965, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.5.784 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RJ UT WOS:000089625600024 PM 11004797 ER PT J AU Shapiro, DI McCoy, CW AF Shapiro, DI McCoy, CW TI Effects of culture method and formulation on the virulence of Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida : Steinernematidae) to Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; citrus; culture; Diaprepes abbreviatus; entomopathogenic nematode; formulation; Steinernema riobrave ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; EFFICACY; CITRUS; PERSISTENCE; BIOASSAYS; FLORIDA; LIPIDS AB The Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, is a pest of vegetables, ornamental plants, sugarcane, and citrus in Florida and the Caribbean. The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobrave, can reduce larval populations of D. abbreviatus substantially. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, however, may be affected by culture method and formulation. Using D. abbreviatus as the host, we compared the efficacy of two commercial S. riobrave formulations, a liquid and a water-dispersible granule (WDG), with each other and with in vivo produced S, riobrave. Nematodes in the commercial formulations were produced in vitro through liquid fermentation; the in vivo nematodes were cultured in Galleria mellonella and applied in aqueous suspension. Laboratory experiments measured nematode virulence in plastic cups containing soil and seventh-eighth instar D. abbreviatus. One laboratory experiment was conducted using only fresh nematodes (less than 5 days old); another experiment included WDG nematodes that were stored for 25 days at 10 degreesC. Two field experiments were conducted in which nematodes were applied either to potted citrus (containing D. abbreviatus larvae) placed beneath mature citrus trees or to soil directly beneath the tree. In the latter experiment, efficacy was determined by measuring mortality of caged D. abbreviatus larvae that were buried beneath the soil surface prior to application. Mortality of D. abbreviatus treated with nematodes ranged from 80-98% and 50-75% in laboratory and field experiments, respectively. In all experiments, we did not detect any significant effects of culture method or formulation. C1 Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Shapiro, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 394AY UT WOS:000166502900007 PM 19270978 ER PT J AU Brants, A Brown, CR Earle, ED AF Brants, A Brown, CR Earle, ED TI Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase does not provide resistance to Meloidogyne hapla in transgenic tobacco SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; chitinase; endochitinase; Meloidogyne hapla; Nicotiana tabacum; northern root-knot nematode; resistance; tobacco; transgenic; Trichoderma harzianum ID PLANT; CHITINASE; INHIBITION; JUVENILES; NEMATODES AB Eggs of Meloidogyne hapla contain chitin, a substrate for chitinase. Our goal Was to determine if endochitinase from the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum expressed in transgenic tobacco increases resistance to this nematode. Endochitinase-transgenic T-1 tobacco seedlings expressing increased endochitinase activity in leaves (11 to 125 times over control) and roots (2 to lj times over control) were transferred to quartz sand:loam soil mix (4:1 ratio) and inoculated with 5,000 M. hapla eggs/pot. Tomato (cv. Rutgers),pepper (cv. California Dream), and non-transformed tobacco plants were used as susceptible controls. Two experiments were performed in the greenhouse with nine and ten transgenic tobacco lines, respectively. Roots were harvested 55 days after inoculation, and number of eggs, second-stage juveniles (J2), reproductive factor (Rf), and (eggs + nematodes [J2])/g of fresh root weight were determined. The reproduction factor for tobacco plants ranged from 1.06 to 3.40. Significant differences in number of J2 and egg counts were found between some transgenic lines and control tobacco; however, they were not consistent for lines tested in both experiments. No statistical differences were detected for (eggs + nematodes [J2])/g of fresh root weight in either experiment. We conclude that the elevated endochitinase activity did not provide protection against root-knot nematodes. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Brants, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 394AY UT WOS:000166502900008 PM 19270979 ER PT J AU Stern, LL Bagley, PJ Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Stern, LL Bagley, PJ Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid is unimpaired in folate-adequate persons homozygous for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folate; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid formyltetrahydrofolic acid; homocysteine; polymorphism; humans ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; COMMON MUTATION; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HOMOCYSTINURIA; DEFICIENCY; DISEASE; VARIANT; RISK AB Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-CH3-H-4 folic acid), the methyl donor for the formation of methionine from homocysteine. A common C677T transition in the MTHFR gene results in a variant with a lower specific activity and a greater sensitivity to heat than the normal enzyme, as measured in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine the capacity of homozygotes for the MTHFR C677T transition to convert 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-HCO-H-4 folic acid) to 5-CH3-H-4 folic acid, a process that requires the action of MTHFR. Six subjects homozygous for the C677T transition (T/T) and 6 subjects with wild-type MTHFR (C/C) were given a 5-mg oral dose of (6R,S)-6-HCO-H-4 folic acid. Plasma and urine were analyzed for 5-CH3-H-4 folic acid concentrations using affinity/HPLC coupled with fluorescence or UV detection. The mean areas under the curves created by the rise and fall of plasma 5-CH3-H-4 folio acid after the oral dose did not differ between the two genotypes, 424.5 +/- 140.3 (T/T) vs. 424.1 +/- 202.4 h.nmol/l (C/C). There also was no significant difference in the mean cumulative 7-h urinary excretion of 5-CH3-H-4 folic acid between the T/T (2.5 +/- 1.4 mu mol) and C/C (1.9 +/- 1.0 mu mol) genotypes. Under the conditions employed, the conversion of oral 5-HCO-H-4 folic acid to 5-CH3-H-4 folic acid is not impaired in persons with the T/T MTHFR genotype. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG00209-07] NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2238 EP 2242 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 350CW UT WOS:000089084000017 PM 10958818 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Wen, JP Abrams, SA AF O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Caulfield, LE Wen, JP Abrams, SA TI Prenatal iron supplements impair zinc absorption in pregnant Peruvian women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 97 Conference CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE stable isotopes; zinc; pregnancy; iron; Peru; absorption; women ID MATERNAL ZINC; ADDING ZINC; SERUM ZINC AB Prenatal iron supplements may adversely influence zinc absorption during pregnancy. To examine the impact of prenatal iron supplements on supplemental zinc absorption, fractional zinc absorption was measured in 47 pregnant Peruvian women during the third trimester of pregnancy (33 +/- 1 wk gestation). Of these 47 women, 30 received daily prenatal supplements from wk 10-24 of pregnancy until delivery. Supplements contained 60 mg of Fe and 250 mu g of folate without [iron group (Fe), n = 16] or with [iron and zinc supplemented group (Fe + Zn), n = 14] 15 mg of Zn. The remaining 17 women [unsupplemented control group (C)] received no prenatal supplementation. Zinc concentrations were measured in plasma, urine and cord blood and percentage zinc absorption was determined following dosing with oral (Zn-67) and intravenous (Zn-70) stable zinc isotopes. Percentage zinc absorption was significantly lower than controls in fasting women receiving iron- containing prenatal supplements (20.5 +/- 6.4 vs. 20.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 47.0 +/- 12.6%, Fe, Fe + Zn and C groups, respectively, P < 0.0001, n = 40). Plasma zinc concentrations were also significantly lower in the Fe group compared to the C group (8.2 +/- 2.2 vs. 9.2 +/- 2.2 vs. 10.9 +/- 1.8 mu mol/L, Fe, Fe + Zn and C groups, respectively, P = 0.002), and cord zinc concentrations were significantly related to maternal plasma Zn levels (y = 6.383 + 0.555x, r = 0.486, P = 0.002). The inclusion of zinc in prenatal supplements may reduce the potential for iron supplements to adversely influence zinc status in populations at risk for deficiency of both these nutrients. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Div Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 20 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2251 EP 2255 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 350CW UT WOS:000089084000019 PM 10958820 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Roberts, SB Verreschi, I Martins, PA de Nascimento, C Tucker, KL Sawaya, AL AF Hoffman, DJ Roberts, SB Verreschi, I Martins, PA de Nascimento, C Tucker, KL Sawaya, AL TI Regulation of energy intake may be impaired in nutritionally stunted children from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE humans; energy intake; malnutrition; hunger; satiety ID IDENTICAL-TWINS; DIETARY-FAT; FOOD-INTAKE; OBESITY; EXPENDITURE; POPULATION; EXERCISE; MEN AB We tested the hypothesis that nutritionally stunted children have impaired regulation of energy intake (EI), a factor that could help explain the increased risk of obesity associated with stunting in developing countries. A 3-d residency study was conducted in 56 prepubertal boys and girls aged 8-11 y from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-seven of the subjects were stunted and 29 were not stunted; weight-for-height Z-scores were not significantly different between the groups. Parents of the two groups had equivalent heights and body mass indices. Measurements were made of voluntary EI from a self-selection menu, resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition. In addition, a 753-kJ yogurt supplement was administered at breakfast on one study day (with an equal number of children receiving the supplement on each of the 3 study days) and its effect on daily EI assessed. There was no change in EI over time in either group (P = 0.957), and no significant difference in EI between stunted and nonstunted children, even though the stunted children weighed 10% less. Energy intake per kilogram body weight was significantly higher n the stunted children (278 +/- 89 (so), vs. 333 +/- 67 kJ/kg, P < 0.05) and EI/REE was also significantly higher (1.91 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.68 +/- 0.38, P < 0.05). However, the relationship between EI and body weight was not significantly influenced by stunting (P = 0.12). There was no significant effect of the breakfast supplement on daily EI in either group although the absolute difference in EI between supplement and control days was greater in stunted than in nonstunted children (Delta EI: +460 +/- 1574 vs. -103 +/- 1916 kJ/d, P = 0.25). These data provide preliminary evidence consistent with the suggestion that stunted children tend to overeat opportunistically, but further studies are required to confirm these results in a larger study. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Martins, Paula/E-7161-2011; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014; OI Martins, Paula/0000-0002-3857-1656; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 31 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2265 EP 2270 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 350CW UT WOS:000089084000021 PM 10958822 ER PT J AU Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Brule, F Gueux, E Mazur, A Abrams, SA Rayssiguier, Y AF Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Brule, F Gueux, E Mazur, A Abrams, SA Rayssiguier, Y TI Exchangeable magnesium pool masses reflect the magnesium status of rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE magnesium; exchangeable pool; status; rats ID HUMANS; DEFICIENCY; ZINC AB A sensitive and valid marker to assess magnesium (Mg) status in humans is not available. The kinetically determined exchangeable pool masses have been used for other minerals, such as zinc and selenium, as markers of whole-body mineral status. To evaluate the validity of this relationship for Mg, we measured the exchangeable pools of Mg in rats over a range of magnesium dietary intakes. Rats weighing similar to 170 g were fed a control diet (500 mg Mg/kg), a marginally Mg-deficient diet (200 mg/kg) or a severely Mg-deficient diet (60 mg Mg/kg) for 2 wk. Subsequently, rats were administered an intravenous injection of Mg-25,and the plasma Mg-25 disappearance curve was followed for the next 7 d. The following two methods were employed to analyze the exchangeable pools of Mg: 1) formal compartmental modeling and 2) a simplified determination of the total mass of the rapidly exchangeable Mg pool (EMgP). The mass of the three exchangeable pools (two extracellular pools and one intracellular pool) determined by compartmental analysis decreased in proportion to dietary Mg intake. EMgP, the combined pools of Mg that exchange with the plasma Mg within 48 h, decreased significantly as dietary Mg was lowered. It was positively correlated with conventional markers of Mg status (total Mg in plasma, erythrocyte and tibia Mg levels). Compartmental analysis assesses Mg exchangeable pools more accurately, but determination of EMgP is simpler and faster. Our findings demonstrate that the exchangeable pools of Mg constitute a good marker of Mg status in rats. C1 INRA, Ctr REch Nutr Humaine Auvergne, Unite Malad Metab & Micronutriments, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Feillet-Coudray, C (reprint author), INRA, Ctr REch Nutr Humaine Auvergne, Unite Malad Metab & Micronutriments, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2306 EP 2311 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 350CW UT WOS:000089084000027 PM 10958828 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Davis, CD Feng, Y AF Finley, JW Davis, CD Feng, Y TI Selenium from high selenium broccoli protects rats from colon cancer SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE selenium; broccoli; colon cancer; selenoprotein; rats ID DIETARY SELENIUM; ORGANOSELENIUM COMPOUNDS; SODIUM SELENITE; SELENOMETHIONINE; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHEMOPREVENTION; METABOLISM; PREVENTION; SELENATE; FORM AB Colon cancer is the third most common newly diagnosed cancer in the United States and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Previous supplementation studies have demonstrated the efficacy of selenium (Se) for prevention of colon cancer in humans. The metabolism of Se depends on its chemical form, and studies have shown that the chemical form of Se in broccoli does not accumulate in the body as fast as other forms of Se and may be especially beneficial for prevention of cancer. In the first experiment of the present study, Fisher F-344 rats (n = 45) were allotted randomly to torula yeast-based diets supplemented with the following: 1) no Se; 2) 0.1 mu g Se/g diet as selenate; 3) 1.0 mu g Se/g diet as selenate; 4) 0.1 mu g Se/g diet as selenized broccoli (Se concentration of similar to 500 mu g/g); or 5) 1.0 mu g Se/g diet as selenized broccoli. In Experiment 2, rats (n = 80) were allotted randomly to the same basal diet supplemented with the following: I) no added Se; 2) 2.0 mu g Se/g diet as selenite; 3) 2.0 mu g Se/g diet as selenite + low Se broccoli; and 4) 2.0 mu g Se/g diet as selenized broccoli. Rats were fed the diets for 2 wk and injected with a chemical carcinogen (3,2 dimethyl 4-amino biphenyl or dimethyl-hydrazine in Experiment 1 or dimethyl hydrazine in Experiment 2; 2 rats/treatment were used as vehicle controls). Supranutritional amounts of Se supplied as high Se broccoli significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the incidence of aberrant crypts (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF; preneoplastic lesions indicative of colon cancer) compared with other dietary treatments. Diets were controlled for the presence or absence of broccoli and for the total amount of Se. The reduction in AC and ACF was a function of Se in high Se broccoli and not a result of broccoli alone or Se alone. Adequate dietary Se supplied as high Se broccoli did not accumulate in tissues or increase glutathione peroxidase activity as well as other forms and amounts of Se. Thus, Se from high Se broccoli may be metabolized in a manner that diverts much of the Se into a pool that provides protection against colon cancer. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol & Internal Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 34 TC 142 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 130 IS 9 BP 2384 EP 2389 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 350CW UT WOS:000089084000039 PM 10958840 ER PT J AU Shew, SB Keshen, TH Glass, NL Jahoor, F Jaksic, T AF Shew, SB Keshen, TH Glass, NL Jahoor, F Jaksic, T TI Ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus under fentanyl anesthesia improves protein metabolism in premature neonates SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE patent ductus arteriosus; protein; metabolism; surgery; prematurity; neonate ID STRESS RESPONSES; FUEL UTILIZATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; SURGERY; INFANTS; LEUCINE; KINETICS; NITROGEN; BIRTH; MASS AB Background/Purpose: Although surgical ligation effectively reverses the cardiopulmonary failure associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), previous findings have suggested that such surgery itself elicits a catabolic response in premature neonates. Therefore, the authors sought to quantitatively assess whether PDA ligation under fentanyl anesthesia aggravated or improved the protein metabolism of premature neonates. Methods: Seven ventilated, premature neonates (birth weight 815 +/- 69 g) underwent PDA ligation with standardized fentanyl anesthesia (15 mu g/kg) on day-of-life 8.4 +/- 1.2 and were studied immediately pre- and 16 to 24 hours postoperatively while receiving continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Whole-body protein kinetics were calculated using intravenous 1-[C-13]leucine, and skeletal muscle protein breakdown was measured from the urinary 3-methylhistidine to creatinine ratio (MH:Cr), Results: Whole-body protein breakdown (10.9 +/- 1.2 v 8.9 +/- 0.8 g/kg/d, P <.05), turnover (17.4 +/- 1.2 v 15.4 +/- 0.8 g/kg/d, P<.05), and MH:Cr (1.95 +/- 0.20 v 1.71 +/- 0.16 mu mol:mg, P<.05) decreased significantly after operation. This resulted in a 60% improvement in protein balance (1.6 +/- 0.8 v 2.6 +/- 0.6 g/kg/d, P= 0.08) postoperatively. Conclusions: Because of decreased whole-body protein breakdown, whole-body protein turnover, skeletal muscle protein breakdown, and increased protein accrual, surgical PDA ligation under fentanyl anesthesia promptly improves the protein metabolism of premature neonates enduring the stress of a PDA. J Pediatr Surg 35:1277-1281, Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Surg,Div Pediat Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Surg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Jaksic, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Surg,Div Pediat Surg, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1277 EP 1281 DI 10.1053/jpsu.2000.0350001 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 351FF UT WOS:000089146600001 PM 10999678 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Somwaru, A AF Diao, XS Somwaru, A TI An inquiry on general equilibrium effects of MERCOSUR - An intertemporal world model SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article ID POLICY; EUROPE AB A multiregion dynamic computable general equilibrium model is constructed to analyze effects of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) on the member countries as well as third-party nonmember countries. The model is based on intertemporal optimization behaviors of consumers and firms with eight endogenously specified regions. By taking into account dynamic general equilibrium adjustments, we observe significant shifts of trade diversion away from the nonmember trading partners to the member countries. We also find that, following the MERCOSUR's common external tariffication, growth of intraregional trade would likely be accompanied by increases in trade between MERCOSUR and other countries. In this case, not only MERCOSUR member countries gain more, but also the nonmember countries are better off in terms of their production, consumption, and consumer welfare. (C) 2000 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Int Food Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, Washington, DC 20006 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Diao, XS (reprint author), Int Food Policy Res Inst, Trade & Macroecon Div, 2033 K St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 22 IS 5 BP 557 EP 588 DI 10.1016/S0161-8938(98)00006-4 PG 32 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 356NE UT WOS:000089448700002 ER PT J AU Gillen, RL Eckroat, JA McCollum, FT AF Gillen, RL Eckroat, JA McCollum, FT TI Vegetation response to stocking rate in southern mixed-grass prairie SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE standing crop; plant succession; grazing impacts; Bouteloua; Aristida ID SAVANNA AB Stocking rate directly influences the frequency and intensity of defoliation of individual plants which, in turn, impacts energy flow and plant succession in grazed ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stocking rate on standing crop dynamics and plant species composition of a southern mixed-grass prairie over a 7-year period (1990 through 1996). Long-term (30-year) mean precipitation has been 766 mm per year. Growing conditions were generally favorable for the study period. Yearling cattle (initial weight 216 kg, SD = 12 kg) grazed at 6 stocking rates, ranging from 23 to 51 AUD ha(-1), from 14 April to 24 September (162 days). The currently suggested year-long stocking rate is 25 AUD ha(-1). Herbage standing crop was measured in July and September every year while species composition was determined in July in even years. Total and dead standing crop declined as stocking rate increased but live standing crop was not related to stocking rate. Slopes of regression lines relating standing crop and stocking rate were constant over years, indicating no response for plant productivity. The major vegetation components, sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Mich.) Torr.], shortgrasses, and forbs were not affected by stocking rate over years. Tallgrasses responded by increasing at the lower stocking rates over the study period. However, these grasses contributed less than 5% of the total standing crop. Red and purple threeawn (Aristida longiseta Steud. and A. purpurea Nutt.) increased at all stocking rates from 1990 to 1996 but the increase was greater at the lower stocking rates. This mixed-grass vegetation showed little response to stocking rate over the 7-year study period. The vegetation may have been in equilibrium with previous heavy stocking rates so that little change would be expected at those rates. Increases in grazing sensitive species at lighter stocking rates may occur over longer time intervals. C1 ARS, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Gillen, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.2307/4003646 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388AY UT WOS:000166156300002 ER PT J AU Tate, KW Atwill, ER McDougald, NK George, MR Witt, D AF Tate, KW Atwill, ER McDougald, NK George, MR Witt, D TI A method for estimating cattle fecal loading on rangeland watersheds SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; pathogens; nutrients; grazing AB Water quality contamination by pathogens and nutrients from cattle fecal deposits is a concern on rangeland watersheds. The temporal and spatial deposition of fecal material relative to storm events and water-bodies determines much of the risk a grazing scheme presents to water quality. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a comparative technique to estimate cattle fecal loading across a watershed through time. Once the method was developed, dry and wet season trials were conducted on a 138 ha experimental rangeland watershed at the San Joaquin Experimental Range in 1996-97. Fifty-four permanent 40 m(2) belt transects were established across the watershed. Observers ocularly assigned a rank of 1 (smallest diameter) to 5 (largest diameter) to each fecal deposit within a transect. A regression relationship was developed to predict fecal deposit dry weight by rank. Load per transect was calculated as the total weight of all fecal deposits in a transect. All fecal deposits in transects were collected and actual fecal load determined. The comparative yield methodology was successfully adapted to estimate rangeland fecal loading. Regression relationships predicting fecal deposit dry weight by ranks were highly significant for all observers (p < 0.001). The R-2 values ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 in the dry season and 0.89 to 0.94 in the wet season, There was no significant difference between the weighed fecal load estimate and the estimates of observers using the Comparative method (p < 0.05). This method provides a rapid, simple method for estimating spatial and temporal livestock fecal loading on rangeland watersheds. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Madera, CA 93637 USA. USDA, NRCS, Madera, CA 93637 USA. RP Tate, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 506 EP 510 DI 10.2307/4003651 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388AY UT WOS:000166156300007 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Moser, LE Reece, PE AF Hendrickson, JR Moser, LE Reece, PE TI Tiller recruitment patterns and biennial tiller production in prairie sandreed SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE warm-season grass; tiller demography; Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.; grassland ecology; population ecology/biology ID BUNCHGRASS SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; DEFOLIATION; GRASSES; DEMOGRAPHY; SANDHILLS; FREQUENCY; DENSITY; BUD AB Tiller recruitment is an essential process for ensuring the perenniality of grasses. The timing and extent of tiller recruitment and the role of biennial tillers must be documented for key range species. Prairie sandreed [Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn.] is an important grass in the Nebraska Sandhills for both ecological functioning and as a forage. The objective of this study was to document tiller recruitment patterns and the occurrence and contribution of current year and biennial tillers to biomass production in prairie sandreed at 2 locations in Nebraska. Tiller recruitment was monitored at 2-week periods throughout the growing season during a 2-year period. Newly emerged tillers were classified as intravaginal, extravaginal, or rhizomatous tillers and marked with colored wire. Prairie sandreed has an unimodal pattern of tiller recruitment and over 50% of the current year tillers emerged by mid-May and 80% by mid-June. Rate of tiller emergence and absolute number of emerged tillers were poorly correlated with short- and long-term precipitation totals (r < 0.3 P > 0.20). The year after new tillers were marked, biennial tillers and tillers initiated during the current-year were counted and clipped in September for biomass determination. Biennial tillers made up only 6 and 20% of the total tiller emergence at these locations and were generally only 30% as large as the new tillers. Extravaginal tillers composed over 78% of the biennial tiller population as a result of both their dominance in emerging populations and the higher percentage of tillers that survived the winter. Current year tillers contributed the most to prairie sandreed forage production and their emergence was largely completed by mid-June. The lack of a relationship between tiller recruitment and precipitation patterns, combined with previous studies of prairie sandreed, indicates that tiller recruitment involves a process that begins the previous growing season. C1 ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.2307/4003655 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388AY UT WOS:000166156300011 ER PT J AU Liao, JD Monsen, SB Anderson, VJ Shaw, NL AF Liao, JD Monsen, SB Anderson, VJ Shaw, NL TI Seed biology of rush skeletonweed in segebrush steppe SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Chondrilla juncea L.; Pacific Northwest; rangeland weed; cereal crop weed; invasive species; germination ID CHONDRILLA-JUNCEA L; WEED SEEDS; AUSTRALIA; DORMANCY; ECOLOGY AB Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) is an invasive, herbaceous, long-lived perennial species of Eurasian or Mediterranean origin now occurring in many locations throughout the world. In the United States, it occupies over 2.5 million ha of rangeland in the Pacific Northwest and California. Despite the ecological and economic significance of this species, little is known of the ecology and life history characteristics of North American populations. The purpose of this study was to examine seed germination characteristics of 2 populations of rush skeletonweed in Idaho. Seeds from rush skeletonweed plants in southwestern Idaho were collected during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Mature seeds were harvested on 6 dates between early July and early October 1994, and on 5 dates between early July and late September 1995. Fresh seeds from each harvest period were measured to determine seed weight, total germination, rate of germination, and viability (tetrazolium staining [TZ]) of non-germinating seeds. An aliquot of seeds collected in 1994 was also stored for 1 year to examine the effects of seed storage on germination. In southwestern Idaho, rush skeletonweed produces seeds continuously from mid-July through October. Seeds were capable of immediate germination without scarification or wet prechilling. Total germination generally ranged from 60 to 100% throughout the entire seed production period. Germination was also rapid, reaching 50% of total germination in less than 12 days. In general, germination was higher at the lower incubation temperature regime (20/10 degreesC), perhaps reflecting origins of this species in Mediterranean winter rainfall regions. The TZ testing indicated that 30 to 60% of non-germinating seeds were viable, suggesting that seeds may persist in the soil seed bank. Up to 60% of seeds remained viable following 1 year of storage. Stored seeds generally exhibited higher germination rates ((x) over bar = 90%) than fresh seeds ((x) over bar = 67%), indicating possible dormancy and afterripening effects. Germination characteristics of this species are consistent with those of other invasive alien species, and favor rapid population growth leading to community dominance. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. FS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Liao, JD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 544 EP 549 DI 10.2307/4003656 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 388AY UT WOS:000166156300012 ER PT J AU Mason, JR AF Mason, JR TI Golden eagle attacks and kills adult male coyote SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID PREDATION; SHEEP C1 Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mason, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 34 IS 3 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 369XM UT WOS:000165093100012 ER PT J AU Murphy, JF AF Murphy, JF TI Transverse vibration of a simply supported frustum of a right circular cone SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE transverse vibration; small-diameter logs AB Presently, there is no efficient mechanical method in the United States to sort small-diameter logs. This paper explores the problem theoretically using transverse vibration as one such method. The numerical solution to the frequency equation for the transverse vibration of a simply-supported frustum of a right circular cone is found. We refer to this solid as a tapered cylinder with constant taper. The numerical solution is found as a function of cylinder taper, and an approximation to the solution of the frequency equation for slight taper is presented and compared with the numerical solution. This simple yet accurate approximation is most useful to determine the tapered cylinder's flexural stiffness or modulus of elasticity by freely vibrating a simply supported tapered cylinder. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Murphy, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 356KY UT WOS:000089443500010 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Iandola, SK Liu, CK Phillips, JG Marmer, WN Eichstetter, I Iozzo, RV AF Mozersky, SM Iandola, SK Liu, CK Phillips, JG Marmer, WN Eichstetter, I Iozzo, RV TI The physical properties of leathers made from the skins of mice genetically deficient in decorin or thrombospondin-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN, 2000 CL WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID COLLAGEN FIBRILS; N-PROTEINASE; MATRIX; PROCOLLAGEN; PROTEOGLYCANS; ORGANIZATION; BEAMHOUSE; FRAGILITY; LUMICAN; BINDING AB The physical properties of leathers made from the skins of mice genetically deficient in decorin or thrombospondin-2 were compared to leathers made from the skins of control (normal) mice. Decorin deficiency was associated with a leather of significantly reduced tensile strength and stiffness. There was no evidence of a similar effect of thrombospondin-2 deficiency. Neither deficiency had a significant effect on the extensibility of the skin or of leather produced from it. The implications of these findings are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 95 IS 7 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 355BE UT WOS:000089365100001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Cabeza, LF Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Cabeza, LF Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Use of tryptec enzyme preparations in treatment of chrome shavings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemist-Association CY JUN 14, 1999 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MICHIGAN SP Amer Leather Chemist Assoc ID CONTAINING LEATHER WASTE; 2 CONSECUTIVE ENZYMES; PROTEIN PRODUCTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PILOT-SCALE; PURIFICATION; CAKE AB Prior research at this laboratory demonstrated that trypsin was an effective enzyme for the isolation of protein products during the treatment of chrome shavings. Cost is the major deterrent to using research grade trypsin products. Recently, we found a commercial trypsin preparation that proved to be not only efficient in solubilizing the shavings but also cost effective. Several bench scale experiments were run to determine optimal enzyme concentrations and temperatures. It was found that by running the reaction at a temperature where the enzymes' activity is almost minimal (70 degrees C), higher quality gelatin products could be obtained if one uses an enzyme concentration of 0.25% or less. If one first incubates the chrome shavings at 37 degrees C, and then heats with agitation at 70 degrees C, gelatins with varying blooms could be isolated by careful control of the enzyme concentrations (0.01% or less based on wet weight of shavings). If one incubates using the higher enzyme concentrations (0.2% or more), high yields of low molecular weight hydrolysates could be obtained. Whether one uses the incubations or not, the type of chrome cake isolated can be chemically treated to give fat and TKN contents that are less than one percent on a moisture-free basis, conditions that are necessary if one wants to recycle the chromium. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013 OI Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 95 IS 7 BP 243 EP 252 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 355BE UT WOS:000089365100004 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, JF TI New classification for the composite genus Aedes (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini), elevation of subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes; Ochlerotatus; Aedini; Armigerini; taxonomy AB The composite genus Aedes is divided into 2 genera, Aedes and Ochlerotatus, on the basis of consistent primary characters of the female and male genitalia. Ochleroratus is separated into 2 sections. Additional supplemental features of the female and male genitalia, 4th-stage larvae, and pupae are provided for the separation of the genera and sections as well as a discussion of exceptions and comparisons. This classification is based on a morphological examination of specimens of over 65% of the currently recognized species and all subgenera previously included in Aedes and representative material of all subgenera and genera of tribe Aedini. Published literature was examined and evaluated. All currently recognized subgenera are assigned to the appropriate genus. The proposed new generic classification provides better defined genera and a more natural arrangement of included taxa. Armigerini is formally recognized as a synonym, in part, of Aedini. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 69 TC 206 Z9 243 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 175 EP 188 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371GM UT WOS:000165170500001 PM 11081644 ER PT J AU Lee, SE AF Lee, SE TI Mosquito larvicidal activity of pipernonaline, a piperidine alkaloid derived from long pepper, Piper longum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Piper longum; pipernonaline; mosquito larvicidal activity; Culex pipiens ID INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; LARVAE; RESISTANCE; AMIDES; ADULTS AB A methanol extract of Piper longum fruit was found to be active against mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens pallens at 10 mug/ml after 24 h. A piperidine alkaloid, pipernonaline, was found to be responsible for this activity, with the 24-h median lethal dose (LD50) value for this compound being 0.21 mg/liter. The LD50 value of pipernonaline was not much higher than those for the 3 organophosphorous insecticides malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl, used for comparative purpose in this study. Structural elucidation of pipernonaline was by means of mass spectrometry (H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging). C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 14 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371GM UT WOS:000165170500011 PM 11081654 ER PT J AU Lee, KT Foglia, TA AF Lee, KT Foglia, TA TI Synthesis, purification, and characterization of structured lipids produced from chicken fat SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biocatalysis Symposium held at the 91st Annual Meeting and Expo of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY APR, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc DE Carica papaya latex; chicken fat; medium-chain length fatty acid; packed-bed column bioreactor; structured lipid ID CARICA-PAPAYA LATEX; LIPASE-CATALYZED INTERESTERIFICATION; ACIDS; OIL; SELECTIVITY; SPECIFICITY; MIXTURES AB A structured lipid (SL) was synthesized enzymatically from chicken fat by incorporating a medium-chain length fatty acid (caprylic acid) into chicken fat triacylglycerols. Carica papaya latex was used as the biocatalyst. The optimal substrate mole ratio found was 1:2 (chicken fat fatty acids/caprylic acid). At this ratio of reactants, the incorporation of caprylic acid (C-8:0) at 65 degrees C was 23.4 mol%, whereas at 55 degrees C the incorporation of caprylic acid was 17.6 mol%. A packed-bed column bioreactor was designed for the synthesis of SL from chicken fat. In using ground crude C. papaya latex (a(w) < 0.1), 7.1 mol% of caprylic acid was incorporated into the chicken fat triacylglycerols after 117 min of reactor residence time. After purification of the SL, the acyl positional distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone was determined by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. From the NMR spectrum of the SL, it was determined that saturated fatty acyl residues at the 1,3-positions of the SL triacylglycerols increased to 62% over that of the starting chicken fat triacylglycerols, suggesting that caprylic acid was preferentially incorporated at the 1,3-positions. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry thermograms were obtained to compare the crystallization characteristics of the starting chicken fat with the SL prepared from it. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Foglia, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1027 EP 1034 DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0163-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 364TD UT WOS:000089908300004 ER PT J AU Warner, K Neff, WE List, GR Pintauro, P AF Warner, K Neff, WE List, GR Pintauro, P TI Electrochemical hydrogenation of edible oils in a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. Sensory and compositional characteristics of low trans soybean oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid composition; hydrogenation; margarine; odor; sensory; solid fat index; soybean oil; trans fatty acids; triacylglycerol ID FATTY-ACIDS; STABILITY; LIQUID AB Soybean oils were hydrogenated either electrochemically with Pd at 50 or 60 degrees C to iodine values (IV) of 104 and 90 or commercially with Ni to iodine values of 94 and 68. To determine the composition and sensory characteristics, oils were evaluated for triacylglycerol (TAC) structure, stereospecific analysis, fatty acids, solid fat index, and odor attributes in room odor tests. Trans fatty acid contents were 17 and 43.5% for the commercially hydrogenated oils and 9.8% for both electrochemically hydrogenated products. Compositional analysis of the oils showed higher levels of stearic and linoleic acids in the electrochemically hydrogenated oils and higher oleic acid levels in the chemically hydrogenated products. TAC analysis confirmed these findings. Monoenes were the predominant species in the commercial oils, whereas dienes and saturates were predominant components of the electrochemically processed samples. Free fatty acid values and peroxide values were low in electrochemically hydrogenated oils, indicating no problems from hydrolysis or oxidation during hydrogenation. The solid fat index profile of a 15:85 blend of electrochemically hydrogenated soybean oil (IV = 90) with a liquid soybean oil was equivalent to that of a commercial stick margarine. In room odor evaluations of oils heated at frying temperature (190 degrees C), chemically hydrogenated soybean oils showed strong intensities of an undesirable characteristic hydrogenation aroma (waxy, sweet, flowery, fruity, and/or crayon-like odors). However, the electrochemically hydrogenated samples showed only weak intensities of this odor, indicating that the hydrogenation aroma/flavor would be much less detectable in foods fried in the electrochemically hydrogenated soybean oils than in chemically hydrogenated soybean oils. Electrochemical hydrogenation produced deodorized oils with lower levels of trans fatty acids, compositions suitable for margarines, and lower intensity levels of off-odors, including hydrogenation aroma, when heated to 190 degrees C than did commercially hydrogenated oil. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1113 EP 1117 DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0175-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 364TD UT WOS:000089908300016 ER PT J AU Coyne, CJ Mehlenbacher, SA Johnson, KB Pinkerton, JN Smith, DC AF Coyne, CJ Mehlenbacher, SA Johnson, KB Pinkerton, JN Smith, DC TI Comparison of two methods to evaluate quantitative resistance to eastern filbert blight in European hazelnut SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corylus avellana; Anisogramma anomala; disease resistance; filbert; nut breeding ID ANISOGRAMMA-ANOMALA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASCOSPORES; INFECTION AB A rapid and reliable assay for screening European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L,) genotypes for quantitative resistance to eastern filbert blight [Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller] was tested by comparing two methods using the same clones. in the first assay, disease spread was followed for five consecutive years (1992-96) in a field plot planted in 1990, Measured responses included disease incidence (the presence or absence of cankers) and total canker length, quantified as the length of perennially expanding cankers. The second assay consisted of annually exposing replicated sets of 2-year-old, potted trees to artificially high doses of pathogen inoculum and measuring incidence and canker lengths at the end of the nest growing season, The potted trees were exposed to inoculum in 1990, 1992, 1993, and 1994, Compared to the field plot, disease incidence and total canker length were higher in all the potted-tree experiments. Nonetheless, disease responses of individual clones in the two screening methods were significantly correlated in some contrasts (r(s) = 0.97 between 1996 field and 1995 potted trees). However, for a few clones ('Camponica', 'Tombul Ghiaghli', and 'Tonda di Giffoni'), disease developed slowly in the field plot, but disease incidence on these clones averaged >30% in most of the potted-tree studies. Disease responses also were significantly correlated among some of the potted-tree experiments (r(s) = 0.72 for the comparison of 1993 to 1995), Highly susceptible and highly resistant hazelnut clones were identified by both methods. However, the field plot method was superior to the potted-tree method for distinguishing among moderately resistant clones, 'BulgariaXI-8', 'Gem','Camponica', 'Tombul Ghiaghli', and 'Tonda di Giffoni' were identified as promising sources of quantitative resistance to eastern filbert blight. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Coyne, CJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 125 IS 5 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 347MM UT WOS:000088933800013 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, RL Thies, JA TI Inheritance of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode in Capsicum chinense SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pepper; Meloidogyne arenaria; Capsicum annuum; soilborne pathogen; disease resistance; vegetable breeding ID CAROLINA CAYENNE PEPPER; SOUTHERN; JACQ AB Greenhouse experiments determined the inheritance of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] in Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm lines PA-353 and PA-426. Evaluation of parental, FI, Fz, and backcross populations of the crosses PA-353 x PA-350 and PA-426 x PA-350 (PA-350 is a susceptible cultigen) indicated that resistance in both C. chinense germplasm lines was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Evaluation of the F-1 x resistant parent backcross populations in the cytoplasm of their respective resistant and susceptible parents indicated that the cytoplasm of the resistant parent is not needed for full expression of resistance. Allelism tests indicated that the dominant resistance gene in both PB-353 and PA-426 is allelic to a resistance gene in C. annuum L. 'Carolina Cayenne', However, these allelism tests did not demonstrate conclusively that the nl. arenaria race 1 resistance gene in C. chinense is the N gene that conditions resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in C. annuum. The ease and reliability of evaluating plants for resistance to root-knot nematodes and the availability of simply inherited sources of resistance makes breeding for peanut root-knot nematode resistance a viable objective in C. chinense breeding programs. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 125 IS 5 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 347MM UT WOS:000088933800015 ER PT J AU Ju, ZG Curry, EA AF Ju, ZG Curry, EA TI Lovastatin inhibits alpha-farnesene biosynthesis and scald development in 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' apples and 'd'Anjou' pears SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethylene; Malus sylvestris var. domestica; Pyrus communis ID SUPERFICIAL SCALD AB Effects of Lovastatin treatment on ethylene production, alpha-farnesene biosynthesis, and scald development were studied using 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and 'd'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) stored in air at 0 degrees C. During 6 months storage, Lovastatin did not affect internal ethylene concentration but reduced alpha-farnesene production in a concentration dependent manner in both apples and pears. Lovastatin reduced scald at 0.63 mmol.L-1 and inhibited scald completely at 1.25 or 2.50 mmol.L-1 in 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith apples. In 'd'Anjou' pears, Lovastatin at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.25 mmol.L-1 inhibited scald completely. After 8 months storage, inhibition of scald in both apples and pears by Lovastatin was concentration-dependent but none of the concentrations totally eliminated scald. Compared with 11.8 mmol.L-1 diphenylamine, Lovastatin treatment reduced scald to the same level at 1.25 mmol.L-1 in 'd'Anjou' pear and 2.50 mmol.L-1 in 'Delicious' and 'Granny Smith' apples. Lovastatin did not affect apple or pear Fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, or titratable acidity during storage in either apple or pear compared with the controls. Chemical name used: [1S-[1a (R degrees), 3 alpha, 7 beta, 8 beta (2S degrees 4S degrees), 8 alpha beta]]-1,2,3,7,8,8 alpha-hexahydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthaienyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin). C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Ju, ZG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 125 IS 5 BP 626 EP 629 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 347MM UT WOS:000088933800017 ER PT J AU Shannon, MC Grieve, CM Lesch, SM Draper, JH AF Shannon, MC Grieve, CM Lesch, SM Draper, JH TI Analysis of salt tolerance in nine leafy vegetables irrigated with saline drainage water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salinity; salt stress; water reuse; irrigation water; drainage water ID CROPS AB Saline agricultural drainage water may be used as a resource to grow high value horticultural crops and reduce the volume of drainage for eventual disposal. To explore reuse options the effects of salinity and timing of application were tested on selected leafy vegetables grown in 24 sand culture plots in Riverside, Calif. The leafy winter vegetables included 'Ruby Red Chard' Swiss chard [Beta vulgaris L. var. flavescens (Lam,) Lam,],'Space' spinach (Spinacia oleracea L,), 'Vitamin Green' salad greens [Brassica rapa L, (Narinosa Group)], 'Red Giant' mustard greens [Brassica juncea L, (Czerniak)], pac choi [Brassica rapa L, (Chinensis Group)], 'Winterbor' kale [Brassica oleracea L, (Acephala Group)], tatsoi [Brassica rapa L. (Narinosa Group)], 'Salad King' curly endive (Cichorium endivia L.), and 'Red Preco No. 1' radicchio (Cichorium intybus L,), All vegetables were planted at the same time and irrigated initially with tap mater and nutrients, At 3 and 7 weeks after seeding (application times), six salinity treatments were initiated by adding salts to the irrigation water to represent the chemical compositions of drainage waters found typically in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif, The six salinity treatments had electrical conductivities of 3 (control), 7, 11, 15, 19, or 23 dS.m(-1). A randomized complete block design was used with (6 salinities x 2 application times x 2 replications). Within each plot a 1.5-m row of each of the nine vegetables was grown as split plots, Salinity reduced fresh weight (FW) yields of all species. Salt stress applied at 3 weeks after seeding reduced FWs for seven of the nine vegetables compared to salination at 7 weeks. Analyses of salt tolerance curves, maximum yields, and the point of 50% yield reduction (C-50) were conducted. Greens produced the highest biomass at 874 g/plant, but was the most affected by application time. Swiss chard and radicchio mere not significantly affected by timing of salinity application, and Swiss chard was the most salt tolerant overall. Greens, kale, pac choi, and to a lesser extent, tatsoi, have potential as winter-grown, leafy vegetables in drainage mater reuse systems. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Shannon, MC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 125 IS 5 BP 658 EP 664 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 347MM UT WOS:000088933800022 ER PT J AU Saini, PK Ransom, G McNamara, AM AF Saini, PK Ransom, G McNamara, AM TI Emerging public health concerns regarding cryptosporidiosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-SUPPLIES; PARVUM OOCYSTS; SURFACE-WATER; INFECTIVITY; OUTBREAK; GIARDIA; DISEASE C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Microbial Issues Branch, Div Microbiol,Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Saini, PK (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Microbial Issues Branch, Div Microbiol,Off Publ Hlth & Sci, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 3714,Franklin Court, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 5 BP 658 EP 663 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.658 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 348FH UT WOS:000088974500025 PM 10976295 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Gomez, TM Noah, DL Scott, DP Franz, DR AF Ashford, DA Gomez, TM Noah, DL Scott, DP Franz, DR TI Biological terrorism and veterinary medicine in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WARFARE; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK; WEAPONS; HISTORY C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 217 IS 5 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.217.664 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 348FH UT WOS:000088974500026 PM 10976296 ER PT J AU Day, WH Tilmon, KJ Romig, RF Eaton, AT Murray, KD AF Day, WH Tilmon, KJ Romig, RF Eaton, AT Murray, KD TI Recent range expansions of Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a parasite of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera : Miridae), and high temperatures limiting its geographic distribution in North America SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dispersion; Lygus; parasites; Peristenus; temperature ID UNITED-STATES; ALFALFA AB Peristenus digoneutis war; discovered in one new state (Maine) and in 15 new counties in Maine. New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania. and Vermont during 1997-1999. These new records increased the number of counties where this parasite has been found by 42%, to a total of 51 counties in eight states. No permanent establishments of P. digoneutis have been found south of New York City, which suggests that high summer temperatures are limiting its spread southward. A good agreement was found between the parasite's southernmost establishment locations and a maximum summer temperature/duration of 30 degreesC (86 degreesF) for 14 to 30 days. This temperature limit suggests that P. digoneutis can disperse westward both north and south of Lake Erie, across southern Ontario and northern Ohio, to Michigan and Wisconsin. Establishment south of New York City (latitude 40.5 degreesN) is unlikely, except possibly along the higher/cooler elevations of the Appalachian Mountains. C1 USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD FAL-WIN PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2000)108[0326:RREOPD]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 421AL UT WOS:000168039900011 ER PT J AU Birbir, M Bailey, DG AF Birbir, M Bailey, DG TI Controlling the growth of extremely halophilic bacteria on brine cured cattle hides SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS AND CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Six commercially available brine raceway bactericides were tested for their ability to prevent the growth of extremely halophilic bacteria isolated from hides that were brine cured in either the US or Canada. These products were used at their recommended raceway doses and at two times and four times that amount. The active ingredients of the commercially available bactericides were: naphthalene and 1-2 dichlorobenzene (Bactericide A), trichloro-S-triazinetrione and sodium sulphate (Bactericide B), sodium bisulfite and acetic acid (Bactericide C), alkyl phenol ethoxylate and potassium dimethyl dithrocarbonate (Bactericide D), 2(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole and methylene bis (thiocyanate) (Bactericide E), sodium-ortho-phenylphenate and ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol (Bactericide F). Bactericides A, B and E were found to be effective in preventing growth of the extremely halophilic bacteria tested. Bactericides C, D and F were found to be ineffective at the concentrations tested. All of the extremely halophilic isolates used in this experiments showed positive gelatinase activity. C1 MU Ataturk Egitim Fak, Biyoloji Bolumu, Istanbul, Turkey. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Birbir, M (reprint author), MU Ataturk Egitim Fak, Biyoloji Bolumu, Istanbul, Turkey. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC LEATHER TECHNOL CHEMISTS PI NORTHAMPTON PA 38 ROSEHOLME RD, NORTHAMPTON, NORTHANTS, ENGLAND NN1 4TQ SN 0144-0322 J9 J SOC LEATH TECH CH JI J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 84 IS 5 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 365FW UT WOS:000089940900001 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Tucker, CS de Regt, MQ Kingsbury, SK AF Schrader, KK Tucker, CS de Regt, MQ Kingsbury, SK TI Evaluation of limnocorrals for studying the effects of phytotoxic compounds on plankton and water chemistry in aquaculture ponds SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; CHANNEL CATFISH; ECOSYSTEM; PHYTOPLANKTON; AERATION; TOXICITY; QUALITY AB Two studies were conducted to evaluate the potential use of limnocorrals (in situ enclosures) for evaluating the effects of phytotoxic compounds on phytoplankton community structure and water quality. Limnocorrals consisted of open-bottomed, fiberglass cylinders that were 2.44 m in diameter and 1.53 m high. The enclosures were placed in an aquaculture pond and allowed to settle 10-20 cm into the bottom mud, forming a watertight seal that isolated approximately 5.5 m(3) of pond water. The First study evaluated the effect of water mixing on environmental conditions within limnocorrals. Mixing was accomplished by injecting air through airstones suspended inside the enclosures. Conditions in unmixed limnocorrals rapidly deviated from conditions in the pond and in aerated enclosures, with overall phytoplankton biomass decreasing while abundance of cyanobacteria and concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus increased. Conditions in limnocorrals with continuous mixing also deviated from conditions in the pond. Environmental conditions among replicate mixed enclosures were, however, relatively consistent and stable for at least 2 wk. The second study evaluated the use of limnocorrals for testing the effects of phytotoxic compounds on phytoplankton community structure and water quality. A commercial chelated copper algicide was added to randomly selected, mixed limnocorrals at the label-recommended rate. The algicide killed nearly all phytoplankton in the treated enclosures within 1 wk; however, treated limnocorrals were rapidly recolonized by green algae and diatoms. Conditions in untreated limnocorrals remained relatively stable and consistent among replicates for 16 d, after which total phytoplankton biomass began to decrease, possibly due to nutrient depletion within the enclosures. Although conditions inside the enclosures deviated with time from those in the surrounding pond water, mixed limnocorrals appear to provide a convenient and reliable method for short-term studies of algicides and other water quality manipulations. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Nat Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 403 EP 415 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 353WF UT WOS:000089297900011 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Rupprecht, CE AF Hamir, AN Rupprecht, CE TI Hepatic capillariasis (Capillaria hepatica) in porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; VACCINE AB Tissues of 53 adult porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from Pennsylvania were obtained for histopathologic examination. Hepatic capillariasis was recorded in 9% of the porcupines. An additional 11% of the liver sections showed lesions that were compatible with migration by Capillaria hepatica. Because only 1 section of the liver per animal was examined microscopically, the documented prevalence of C. hepatica in Pennsylvania is considered conservatively low. However, this condition was subclinical, because none of the infected animals showed clinical signs, and none revealed severe pathologic changes in the affected livers. This seems to be the only report of C. hepatica in porcupines. C1 Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Wistar Inst Anat & Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 355VE UT WOS:000089408600014 PM 11021437 ER PT J AU McMichael, MA Freeman, LM Selhub, J Rozanski, EA Brown, DJ Nadeau, MR Rush, JE AF McMichael, MA Freeman, LM Selhub, J Rozanski, EA Brown, DJ Nadeau, MR Rush, JE TI Plasma homocysteine, B vitamins, and amino acid concentrations in cats with cardiomyopathy and arterial thromboembolism SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arginine; cardiac disease; cyanocobalamin; taurine; vitamin B-12 ID FOLIC-ACID; DISEASE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; NUTRITION; HUMANS; HEART AB Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a common complication of cats with cardiomyopathy (CM), but little is known about the pathophysiology of ATE. In people, high plasma concentrations of homocysteine and low B vitamin concentrations are risk factors for peripheral vascular disease. In addition, low plasma arginine concentrations have been linked to endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare concentrations of homocysteine, B vitamins, and amino acids in plasma of normal cats to those of cats with CM and ATE. Plasma concentrations of homocysteine, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, and amino acids were measured in 29 healthy cats, 27 cats with CM alone, and 28 cats with both CM and ATE. No differences were found between groups in homocysteine or folate. Mean vitamin B-12 concentration (mean +/- standard deviation) was lower in cats with ATE (866 +/- 367 pg/mL) and cars with CM (939 +/- 389 pg/mL) compared with healthy controls (1,650 +/- 700 pg/mL; P <.001). Mean vitamin B-12 concentration was lower in cats with ATE (3,247 +/- 1,215 pmol/ml) and cats with CM (3,200 +/- 906 pmol/ml) compared with healthy control animals (4,380 +/- 1,302 pmol/ml; P = .005). Plasma arginine concentrations were lower in cats with ATE (75 +/- 33 nmol/mL) compared with cats with CM (106 +/- 25 nmol/mL) and healthy control animals (96 +/- 25 nmol/ mL; P <.001). Vitamin B-12 concentration was significantly correlated with left atrial size. We interpret the results of this study to suggest that vitamin B-12 and arginine may play a role in CM and ATE of cats. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, N Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Freeman, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Foster Small Anim Hosp, 200 Westboro Rd, N Grafton, MA 01536 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 359RV UT WOS:000089626600011 PM 11012114 ER PT J AU Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, Z Zsak, L Rock, DL Kutish, GF AF Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, Z Zsak, L Rock, DL Kutish, GF TI The genome of a very virulent Marek's disease virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; SHORT UNIQUE REGION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; TRANSFORMED LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS; INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; OPEN READING FRAMES; ICP4 HOMOLOG GENE AB Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity. C1 ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM gkutish@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 109 TC 172 Z9 269 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 17 BP 7980 EP 7988 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.17.7980-7988.2000 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 346JD UT WOS:000088866500032 PM 10933706 ER PT J AU Webby, RJ Swenson, SL Krauss, SL Gerrish, PJ Goyal, SM Webster, RG AF Webby, RJ Swenson, SL Krauss, SL Gerrish, PJ Goyal, SM Webster, RG TI Evolution of swine H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; PIGS; TRANSMISSION; HUMANS; INFECTION; EMERGENCE; ORIGIN; CHILD; H1N1 AB During 1998, severe outbreaks of influenza were observed in four swine herds in the United States. This event was unique because the causative agents, H3N2 influenza viruses, are infrequently isolated from swine in North America. Two antigenically distinct reassortant viruses (H3N2) were isolated from infected animals: a double-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human and swine viruses, and a triple-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human, swine, and avian influenza viruses (N. N. Zhou, D. A. Senne, J. S. Landgraf, S. L. Swenson, G. Erickson, K. Rossow, L. Liu, K.-J. Yoon, S. Krauss, and R. G. Webster, J. Virol. 73:8851-8856, 1999). Because the U.S. pig population was essentially naive in regard to H3N2 viruses, it was important to determine the extent of viral spread. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays of 4,382 serum samples from swine in 23 states indicated that 28.3% of these animals had been exposed to classical swine-like H1N1 viruses and 20.5% had been exposed to the triple-reassortant-like H3N2 viruses. The HI data suggested that viruses antigenically related to the double-reassortant H3N2 virus have not become widespread in the U.S. swine population. The seroreactivity levels in swine serum samples and the nucleotide sequences of six additional 1999 isolates, all of which were of the triple-reassortant genotype, suggested that H3N2 viruses containing avian PA and PB2 genes had spread throughout much of the country. These avian-like genes cluster with genes from North American avian viruses. The worldwide predominance of swine viruses containing an avian-like internal gene component suggests that these genes may confer a selective advantage in pigs. Analysis of the 1999 swine H3N2 isolates showed that the internal gene complex of the triple-reassortant viruses was associated with three recent phylogenetically distinct human-like hemagglutinin (HA) molecules. Acquisition of HU genes from the human virus reservoir will significantly affect the efficacy of the current swine H3N2 vaccines. This finding supports continued surveillance of U.S. swine populations for influenza virus activity. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Webster, RG (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. OI Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA021765, CA-21765]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI29680, N01AI95357] NR 40 TC 240 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 18 BP 8243 EP 8251 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.18.8243-8251.2000 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 347ML UT WOS:000088933700004 PM 10954521 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD AF Ridpath, JF Neill, JD TI Detection and characterization of genetic recombination in cytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UBIQUITIN-CODING SEQUENCES; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; MUCOSAL DISEASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CYTOPATHOGENICITY; PESTIVIRUS; GENOME; INSERTION; CELLS; INTEGRATION AB In cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (BVDV1) isolates, insertions are reported at position A (amino acid [aa] 1535) and position B (aa 1589). Insertions at position B predominate. In this survey it was found that in BVDV2, insertions at position A predominate. Possible reasons for this difference in relative frequency are discussed. C1 ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 18 BP 8771 EP 8774 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.18.8771-8774.2000 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 347ML UT WOS:000088933700065 PM 10954582 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; ZINC TOXICOSIS; INGESTION; RATS; PATHOLOGY; PENNIES; ANEMIA; PLASMA; DIET; DOG C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 402WU UT WOS:000167011800001 PM 11237134 ER PT J AU Boyce, WM Woods, LW Keel, MK MacLachlan, NJ Porter, CO Lehmkuhl, HD AF Boyce, WM Woods, LW Keel, MK MacLachlan, NJ Porter, CO Lehmkuhl, HD TI An epizootic of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic disease in captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE black-tailed deer; Odocoileus hemionus; adenovirus; pathology; serology ID CALIFORNIA; INFECTION AB Ten fawns and four adult black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in a captive herd died as a result of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic disease. Acute. systemic infections were characterized by hemorrhagic enteropathy, pulmonary edema, and occasional ulceration of the upper alimentary tract. Localized infections were limited to the upper alimentary tract and included stomatitis, pharyngitis, mandibular osteomyelitis, and rumenitis. In deer with acute, systemic infections, a diagnosis was made by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The serum neutralization test was useful for confirming a diagnosis in animals with prolonged, localized infections. Deer originating from herds with a history of adenovirus infection should not be transferred to other captive herds or released into free-ranging populations because they may serve as carriers of adenovirus. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA OARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Boyce, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 370 EP 373 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 402WU UT WOS:000167011800012 PM 11237145 ER PT J AU Junge, RE Duncan, MC Miller, RE Gregg, D Kombert, M AF Junge, RE Duncan, MC Miller, RE Gregg, D Kombert, M TI Clinical presentation and antiviral therapy for poxvirus infection in pudu (Pudu puda) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pudu; Pudu puda; poxvirus; antiviral therapy; cidofovir ID MULE DEER AB A severe poxvirus infection occurred in three pudu (Pudu puda). resulting in two fatalities. Cutaneous ulcers with mucopurulent exudate were present around the eyes and nose, at the lip margins, coronary bands, and teats. Mucosal ulcers were present in the oral cavity. esophagus. and forestomachs. In the two fatalities, a secondary disseminated fungal infection also occurred. Affected animals were leukopenic, hypocalcemic. and hyperphosphatemic and had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase. and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Electron microscopic examination of affected skin confirmed the presence of a poxvirus. Neutralizing antibody titers to this virus were present in the two pudu tested. One case was treated with cidofovir. 5 mg/kg i.v. q7d for four treatments. Complete recovery occurred in the treated animal. This is the second report of poxvirus infection in pudu and the first report describing clinical presentation, presence of secondary disseminated fungal infection, and successful treatment. C1 St Louis Zool Pk, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, NVSL, APHIS, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Junge, RE (reprint author), St Louis Zool Pk, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 402WU UT WOS:000167011800021 PM 11237153 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Raeini-Sarjaz, M Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Jones, PJH AF Matthan, NR Raeini-Sarjaz, M Lichtenstein, AH Ausman, LM Jones, PJH TI Deuterium uptake and plasma cholesterol precursor levels correspond as methods for measurement of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in hypercholesterolemic women SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MEVALONIC ACID LEVELS; DEUTERATED WATER; DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; HUMANS; FATS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIPOPROTEIN; EXCRETION; CONSUMPTION AB To assess the validity of two techniques used to measure human cholesterol synthesis, the rate of uptake of deuterium (D) into plasma free cholesterol (FC), and plasma cholesterol precursor (squalene, lanosterol, desmosterol and lathosterol) levels were compared in 14 women [65-71 yr with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) greater than or equal to 3.36 mmol.L-1]. Subjects consumed each of six diets for 5-wk periods according to a randomized crossover design. The experimental diets included a baseline diet (39% energy as fat, 164 mg chol.4.2 MJ(-1)) and five reduced-fat diets (30% of energy as fat), where two-thirds of the fat was either soybean oil; squeeze, tub or stick margarines; or butter. Fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR and ASR) of FC were determined using the deuterium incorporation (DI) method, while cholesterol precursor levels were measured using gas-liquid chromatography. Data were pooled across diets for each variable and correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if associations were present. There was good agreement among levels of the various cholesterol precursors. In addition, FSR in pools/d (p.d(-1)) and ASR in grams/d (g.d(-1)) were strongly associated with lathosterol (r = 0.72 and 0.71, P = 0.0001), desmosterol (r = 0.75 and 0.75, P = 0.0001), lanosterol (r = 0.67 and 0.67), and squalene (r = 0.69 and 0.68) when levels of the precursors were expressed as mu mol.mmol(-1) C. Significant but lower correlations were observed between the D uptake and plasma cholesterol precursor levels when the latter were expressed in absolute amounts (mu mol.L-1). The wide range of fatty acid profiles of the experimental diets did not influence the degree of association between methods. In conclusion, the DI method and levels of some cholesterol precursors correspond as methods for short-term measurement of cholesterol synthesis. C1 McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Macdonald Campus 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-54727] NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 2000 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1007/s11745-000-0616-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358YK UT WOS:000089584600014 PM 11026626 ER PT J AU Hirano, SS Upper, CD AF Hirano, SS Upper, CD TI Bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae - a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; SNAP BEAN LEAFLETS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CAROTOVORA SUBSP CAROTOVORA; PROTEIN SECRETION SYSTEMS; CAMPESTRIS PV TRANSLUCENS; BROWN SPOT DISEASE; VAN-HALL 1902; III SECRETION; FROST INJURY AB The extremely large number of leaves produced by terrestrial and aquatic plants pl ovine habitats for colonization by a diversity of microorganisms. This review focuses on the bacterial component of leaf microbial communities, with emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae-a species that participates in leaf ecosystems as a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. Among the diversity of bacteria that colonize leaves, none has received wide, attention than P. syringae, as it gained notoriety for being the first recombinant organism (Ice(-) P. syringae) to be deliberately introduced into the environment. We focus on P. syringae to illustrate the attractiveness and somewhat unique opportunities provided by leaf ecosystems for addressing fundamental questions of microbial population dynamics and mechanisms of plant-bacterium interactions. Leaf ecosystems are dynamic and ephemeral. The physical environment surrounding phyllosphere microbes changes continuously with daily cycles in temperature, radiation relative humidity, wind velocity, and leaf wetness. Slightly longer-term changes occur as weather systems pass. Seasonal climatic changes impose still a longer cycle. The physical and physiological characteristics of leaves change as they expand, mature, and senesce and as host phenology changes. Many of these factors influence the development of populations of P. syringae upon populations of leaves. P. syringae was first studied for its ability to cause disease on plants. However, disease causation is but one aspect of its life strategy. The bacterium can be found in association with healthy leaves, growing and surviving for many generations on the surfaces of leaves as an epiphyte. A number of genes and traits have been identified that contribute to the fitness of P. syringae in the phyllosphere. While still in their infancy, such research efforts demonstrate that the P. syringae-leaf ecosystem is a particularly attractive system with which to bridge the gap between what is known about the molecular, biology of genes linked to pathogenicity and the ecology and epidemiology of associated diseases as they occur in natural settings, the field. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hirano, SS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 309 TC 415 Z9 441 U1 17 U2 129 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 624 EP + DI 10.1128/MMBR.64.3.624-653.2000 PG 31 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 352ZQ UT WOS:000089249600008 PM 10974129 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Hiett, KL AF Meinersmann, RJ Hiett, KL TI Concerted evolution of duplicate fla genes in Campylobacter SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; flagellin; concerted evolution; DNA multiple-sequence analyses ID JEJUNI FLAGELLIN GENES; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; SALMONELLA; CONVERSION; COLONIZATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN; MUTANTS; CHICKS AB Campylobacters have two similar copies (flaA and flaB) of their flagellin gene. It has been hypothesized that the two copies can serve for antigenic phase variation. Analysis of polymorphisms within aligned multiple DNA sequences of the Campylobacter flagellin genes revealed high pairwise homoplasy indexes between flaB/flaB pairs that were not observed between any flaA/flaA pairings or flaA/flaB pairings. Thus it seems there are constraints on the sequence of flaB that distinguish it from flaA. Nevertheless. segments of the two genes that are highly variable between strains are conserved between the flaA and flaB copies of the genes within a strain. The patterns of synonymous and non-synonymous differences suggest that one segment of the flagellin sequence is under selective pressure at the amino acid sequence level. Another segment of the protein is maintained within a strain by conversion or recombination. Comparisons of strict consensus amino acid sequences did not reveal any motifs that are uniquely FlaA or FlaB, but there are differences between FlaA and FlaB in those amino acids available for post-translational modification. The observed pattern of concerted evolution of portions of a structural gene is an unusual finding in bacteria and should be searched for with other duplicated genes. Concerted evolution was unexpected for genes involved in phase variation since it minimizes the antigenic repertoire that can be expressed by a single clone in the face of the host immune response. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2000 VL 146 BP 2283 EP 2290 PN 9 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 353HK UT WOS:000089268600023 PM 10974116 ER PT J AU Evans, JD AF Evans, JD TI Microsatellite loci in the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acari; Apis mellifera; larval parasite; microsatellites; pollination; social insect C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC-E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1436 EP 1438 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00998-3.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 356BM UT WOS:000089424200027 PM 10972785 ER PT J AU Ouvrard, D Campbell, BC Bourgoin, T Chan, KL AF Ouvrard, D Campbell, BC Bourgoin, T Chan, KL TI 18S rRNA secondary structure and phylogenetic position of Peloridiidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EVOLUTIONARY; SUBUNIT; HOMOPTERA; 16S; FULGOROMORPHA; RESOLUTION AB A secondary structure model for 18S rRNA of peloridiids, relict insects with a present-day circumantarctic distribution, is constructed using comparative sequence analysis, thermodynamic folding, a consensus method using 18S rRNA models of other taxa, and support of helices based on compensatory substitutions. Results show that probable in vivo configuration of 18S rRNA is not predictable using current free-energy models to fold the entire molecule concurrently. This suggests that refinements in free-energy minimization algorithms are needed. Molecular phylogenetic datasets were created using 18S rRNA nucleotide alignments produced by CLUSTAL and rigorous interpretation of homologous position based on certain secondary substructures. Phylogenetic analysis of a hemipteran data matrix of 18S rDNA sequences placed peloridiids sister to Heteroptera. Resolution of affiliations between the three main euhemipteran lineages was unresolved. The peloridiid 18S RNA model presented here provides the most accurate template to date for aligning homologous nucleotides of hemipteran taxa. Using folded 18S rRNA to infer homology of character as morpho-molecular structures or nucleotides and scoring particular sites or substructures is discussed. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, ESA 8043, F-75005 Paris, France. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Museum Natl Hist Nat, Entomol Lab, 45 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. RI Ouvrard, David/E-9031-2016 OI Ouvrard, David/0000-0003-2931-6116 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1006/mpev.2000.0797 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 359CR UT WOS:000089594400009 PM 10991793 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW Zhao, Y AF Hammond, RW Zhao, Y TI Characterization of a tomato protein kinase gene induced by infection by Potato spindle tuber viroid SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE pathogenesis; protein phosphorylation ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 2ND MESSENGER; LEAF TISSUE; RNA; PLANTS; PATHOGENESIS AB Viroids-covalently closed, circular RNA molecules in the size range of 250 to 450 nucleotides-are the smallest known infectious agents and cause a number of diseases of crop plants, Viroids do not encode proteins and replicate within the nucleus without a helper virus. In many cases, viroid infection results in symptoms of stunting, epinasty, and vein clearing. In our study of the molecular basis of the response of tomato cv. Rutgers to infection by Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), we have identified a specific protein kinase gene, pkv that is transcriptionally activated in plants infected with either the intermediate or severe strain of PSTVd, at a lower level in plants inoculated with a mild strain, and not detectable in mock-inoculated plants, A full-length copy of the gene encoding the 55-kDa PKV (protein kinase viroid)-induced protein has been isolated and sequence analysis revealed significant homologies to cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, Although the sequence motifs in the catalytic domain suggest that it is a serine/threonine protein kinase, the recombinant PKV protein autophosphorylates in vitro on serine and tyrosine residues, suggesting that it is a putative member of the class of dual-specificity protein kinases. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rhammond@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 59 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 13 IS 9 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.903 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 345YN UT WOS:000088843000001 PM 10975647 ER PT J AU Jiang, GQ Krishnan, HB AF Jiang, GQ Krishnan, HB TI Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a cultivar-specific soybean symbiont, carries two copies of y4yA and y4yB, two open reading frames that are located in a region that encodes the type III protein secretion system SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-FREDII; NOD BOX; NODULATION; PLASMID; LOCUS; GENE; LEGUMES; NGR234; NOLC AB Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on primitive soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Peking but fails to nodulate the improved cultivar McCall. Cultivar specificity is governed by a plasmid-borne locus, nolXBTUV. By DNA sequence analysis, we have identified two open reading frames, y4yA and y4yB, immediately downstream of nolX, Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicated that the expression of both y4yA and y4yB is inducible by isoflavonoids, and an intact copy of nolX is required. Two copies each of y4yA and y4yB are present in S,fredii USDA257, one on the sym plasmid (y4yAsp and y4yBsp), and the other on the chromosome (y4yAc and y4yBc). The cultivar-nonspecific strain USDA191 lacks y4yAc and y4yBc, Introduction of y4yAc plus y4yBc from USDA257 into USDA191 did not influence the ability of the latter strain to nodulate McCall soybean plants, Unlike nolX, the inactivation of y4yAsp and y4yBsp of USDA257 did not extend the host range of this strain, A double mutant, in which both the plasmid and chromosomal copies of y4yA and y4yB were mutated, had no observable effect on symbiotic ability of USDA257, The y4yAsp and y4yBsp mutants did not influence flavonoid-dependent extracellular protein production. Rhizobium sp, strain NGR234 and S, saheli USDA4893 both contain sequences similar to S, fredii USDA257 y4yAsp and y4yBsp; however, Bradyrhizobium spp,, the traditional soybean symbionts, lack these genes. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1010 EP 1014 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.1010 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 345YN UT WOS:000088843000011 PM 10975657 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Lino, M AF Johnson, DS Lino, M TI Teenagers: employment and contributions to family spending SO MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Approximately one-third of all teenagers were employed some time during 1997-98; a closer look into family income and expenditures reveals that many of those working teens do not seem to work to contribute toward family necessities. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0098-1818 J9 MON LABOR REV JI Mon. Labor Rev. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 123 IS 9 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 373GH UT WOS:000165280100002 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Klopfenstein, NB McDonald, GI Arumuganathan, K Vidaver, LK AF Kim, MS Klopfenstein, NB McDonald, GI Arumuganathan, K Vidaver, LK TI Characterization of North American Armillaria species by nuclear DNA content and RFLP analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; genome size; intergenic spacer; North American Biological Species ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CELL-CYCLE; RDNA-RFLP; MELLEA; IDENTIFICATION; FUNGI; SINAPINA AB Twenty-six isolates representing nine North American Armillaria species were investigated with flow cytometry and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analyses to determine their nuclear DNA content and RFLP profile. Three putatively diploid isolates of A. ostoyae, A. gemina, A. calvescens, A. sinapina, A. mellea, A. gallica, A. nabs nona, and North American Biological Species (NABS) X were analyzed, and two putatively diploid isolates of NABS XI also were analyzed. Nuclear DNA contents of Armillaria species were 0.11-0.17 pg per nucleus (55-84 x 10(6) bp/C), depending on species. Among the nine North American Armillaria species tested, A. ostoyae, A. gemina, and A. mellea possessed relatively small nuclear DNA contents (0.11-0.12 pg per nucleus), whereas A. gallica possessed a relatively large nuclear DNA content (0.17 pg per nucleus). A. nabsnona has a slightly larger nuclear DNA content (0.13 pg per nucleus) than A. ostoyae, A. gemina, and A. mellea. Other species (A. calvescens, A. sinapina, NABS X, and NABS XI) possessed moderate nuclear DNA contents (ca 0.15 pg per nucleus). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RFLP of the intergenic spacer region-1 (IGS-1) generated banding patterns for nine Armillaria species. In addition to previously reported banding patterns, new banding patterns are presented for A. gemina, A. calvescens, A. mellea, and A. gallica. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 874 EP 883 DI 10.2307/3761583 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 357PZ UT WOS:000089511200008 ER PT J AU Pecina, V Alvarado, MD Alanis, HW Almaraz, RD Vandemark, GJ AF Pecina, V Alvarado, MD Alanis, HW Almaraz, RD Vandemark, GJ TI Detection of double-stranded RNA in Macrophomina phaseolina SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE charcoal rot; dsRNA; hypovirulence; Sorghum bicolor ID ENDOGLUCANASE-ENCODING GENE; DSRNA-CONTAINING STRAINS; ENDOTHIA-PARASITICA; HYPOVIRULENCE; PLANT; COMPONENTS; RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; SORGHUM AB One hundred ten isolates of Macrophomi na phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of many different plant species, were obtained from Mexico, Somalia, and several locations in the United States, and analyzed for the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Twenty-one isolates from the United States and Mexico contained dsRNA elements. The sizes of the dsRNAs ranged from ca 0.4 kbp to 10 kbp and the number of dsRNAs present among the isolates ranged from one to ten. Attempts to detect virus particles by sucrose gradient centrifugation were unsuccessful. Three isolates having dsRNA and three dsRNA-free isolates were evaluated for virulence on sorghum at two different field locations and for mycelial growth in PDA and V8 agar. For both locations, the isolates that had dsRNA were significantly less virulent (P < 0.05) than the dsRNA-free isolates. Differences between locations were not significant (P < 0.05). The contrasts between means of isolates with and without dsRNA suggest a strong association between the presence of dsRNA and a reduction in both mycelial growth and the capacity to cause disease. These results suggest an association between the presence of dsRNA and hypovirulence in the fungus. C1 USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico. INIFAP, Campo Expt Rio Bravo, Rio Bravo 88900, Tam, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, ENEP, Microbiol Lab, Iztacala 31130, Mexico, Mexico. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM gvandema@tricity.wsu.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 900 EP 907 DI 10.2307/3761586 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 357PZ UT WOS:000089511200011 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K AF O'Donnell, K TI Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ascomycetes; biogeography; formae speciales; Hypocreales; Nectriaceae; systematics; translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; MATING-TYPE GENE; F-SP PISI; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; FUNGUS FUSARIUM; MARKERS REVEAL; BETA-TUBULIN; DNA; ASPERGILLUS; IDENTIFICATION AB Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of die phytopathogenic Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex, section Martiella of Fusarium, were inferred from sequence data from the nuclear large subunit 285 rDNA, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor (EF-la) gene introns and exons. Although a partition homogeneity test detected significant incongruence between the 288 rDNA and ITS datasets, results of the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-ranks Templeton test indicated that the data could be combined. Maximum parsimony analysis of the combined dataset identified 26 phylogenetically distinct ingroup species, of which 15 are heterothallic,7 are homothallic and 4 are putatively mitosporic. Included among these were 9 formae speciales described for F: solani which were all resolved as phylogenetically distinct species by the molecular phylogeny. Of these, F solani f. sp, cucurbitae races 1 and 2 appear to represent reproductively isolated biological species with independent evolutionary origins. Results of the molecular phylogeny also provide strong support for clades within New Zealand, South America, Africa and India-Sri Lanka. The complex historical biogeography of this complex appears to reflect vicariant events associated with the fragmentation of Gondwanaland, possible gondwanic range expansions together with relatively recent distributional changes in these fungi associated with movement of economically important plants. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Properties Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 91 TC 211 Z9 222 U1 6 U2 23 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 92 IS 5 BP 919 EP 938 DI 10.2307/3761588 PG 20 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 357PZ UT WOS:000089511200013 ER PT J AU Obin, M Halbleib, M Lipman, R Carroll, K Taylor, A Bronson, R AF Obin, M Halbleib, M Lipman, R Carroll, K Taylor, A Bronson, R TI Calorie restriction increases light-dependent photoreceptor cell loss in the neural retina of Fischer 344 rats SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE retina; aging; calorie restriction; photoreceptors; light damage; rat ID NERVE-FIBER POPULATION; DIETARY RESTRICTION; LONG-TERM; FOOD RESTRICTION; DELAYS CATARACT; OPTIC-NERVE; AGE; DEGENERATION; DAMAGE; MOUSE AB We investigated the effect of greater than or equal to 8 months of 40% caloric restriction (CR) on photoreceptor cell loss in 12, 18, and 24 month-old Fischer 344 rats (N = 154). Rats: were reared at the NIA Biomarkers Program, National Center for Toxicological Research. Photoreceptor cell density, assessed histologically, declined with age in both the CR-fed and ad lib (AL)-fed cohorts (P < 0.000), but declines were more pronounced in the CR cohort (P < 0.0005). The deleterious effect of CR was most pronounced in the central as opposed to the peripheral retina (P = 0.008), suggesting a light-dependent mechanism. Photoreceptor cell density was inversely associated with rearing under bright light (300-750 lux) as compared with rearing under lower illuminance (less than or equal to 200lux) (P < 0.0005). However, the deleterious effect of bright light on photoreceptor cell density was more pronounced in the CR cohort (P = 0.04). Effects of CR on circadian activity are likely to increase the actual light exposure of the CR cohort and may explain the apparent inability of CR to delay retinal aging in albino rats. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JMUSDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Vet Pathol Program, JMUSDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Obin, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JMUSDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11703]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG07747] NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00165-2 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 353JN UT WOS:000089271200004 PM 11016532 ER PT J AU Wilson, BL Doede, DL Hipkins, VD AF Wilson, BL Doede, DL Hipkins, VD TI Isozyme variation in Sisyrinchium sarmentosum (Iridaceae) SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENE FLOW; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; RARE AB Sisyrinchium sarmentosum is a rare, duodecaploid plant endemic to the Mt. Adams and Mt. Hood areas of Washington and Oregon. Isozyme variation in six Washington populations was assessed to infer genetic variation in this species. Five of the six sampled populations were monomorphic for the sixteen enzymes surveyed, although at one putative locus one of these populations was monomorphic for an enzyme band pattern not seen in any other population. The sixth population had low levels of variation in two enzymes. This low level of variation has often been observed in very rare species and high polyploids. Apparently, the species has recently gone through a bottleneck, perhaps during its recent origin as a species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hipkins, VD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, 2375 Fruitridge Rd, Camino, CA 95709 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 74 IS 4 BP 346 EP 354 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374JU UT WOS:000165342700010 ER PT J AU Preuss, KD Meerow, AW AF Preuss, KD Meerow, AW TI Griffinia alba (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from northeastern Brazil SO NOVON LA English DT Article AB Griffinia alba is described as new from Tapera, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. It is most similar to the type species for the genus Griffinia, G. hyacinthina, which is known from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in southeastern Brazil. It differs from this species by its cuneate leaf bases, and more numerous, entirely white flowers with longer pedicels and narrower tepals. Griffinia abba is the first white-flowered species to be described in subgenus Griffinia. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD FAL PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.2307/3393105 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 355KU UT WOS:000089385500009 ER PT J AU Laboissiere, FP Bezerra, FF Rodrigues, RF King, JC Donangelo, CM AF Laboissiere, FP Bezerra, FF Rodrigues, RF King, JC Donangelo, CM TI Calcium homeostasis in primiparae and multiparae pregnant women with marginal calcium intakes and response to a 7-day calcium supplementation trial SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE calcium; pregnancy; parity; bone turnover; supplementation; intake ID BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; BONE METABOLISM; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; LACTATION; HYDROXYPROLINE; REQUIREMENTS; ABSORPTION; EFFICIENCY; PUERPERIUM; EXCRETION AB Among women with adequate calcium intakes, further increases in dietary or supplemental calcium do not alter the homeostatic response in calcium metabolism during pregnancy. Less is known about women consuming low calcium intakes and the influence of parity on calcium metabolism among women with low intakes. In this study we compared bone and renal indices of calcium homeostasis and response to a 7-day calcium supplementation trial (1000 mg/day) in non-pregnant women (n=31) and third-trimester pregnant women (primiparae, n=40, and multiparae, n=30) with habitual calcium intake of 400 mg/day. Markers of bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline and D-pyridinoline) and of bone formation (activity in plasma of bone alkaline phosphatase) were substantially increased in the pregnant women consistent with increased bone turnover. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was higher (24%) in primiparous than in multiparous pregnant women. Bone and renal indices responded to the supplementation trial in non-pregnants and pregnants with differences between primiparae and multiparae. Bone alkaline phosphatase activity increased (p<0.05) with supplementation in all groups; D-pyridinoline did not change in non-pregnants and primiparous pregnants but decreased (p<0.01) in pregnant multiparae. Urinary calcium increased (p<0.05), urinary phosphorous decreased (p<0.01) and hydroxyproline decreased (p<0.01) after supplementation in non-pregnants and pregnant primiparae but not in multiparae. Differences in bone and renal indices due to pregnancy were maintained after the supplementation trial in primiparae but not always in multiparae. Our results indicate that parity may accentuate the stress of pregnancy on calcium homeostasis in women with marginal calcium intakes. Follow-up long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation and parity on bone mass in these women during pregnancy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Lab Bioquim Nutr & Alimentos, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Donangelo, CM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Lab Bioquim Nutr & Alimentos, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Bezerra, Flavia/O-5882-2015 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1229 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00219-0 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 356CZ UT WOS:000089427900002 ER PT J AU Smith, D Espino-Montoro, A Perez-Jimenez, F Pedro-Botet, J Pereperez, JJ Ordovas, JM AF Smith, D Espino-Montoro, A Perez-Jimenez, F Pedro-Botet, J Pereperez, JJ Ordovas, JM TI Effect of a high saturated fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with squalene or beta-sitosterol on lipoprotein profile in F1B hamsters SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beta-sitosterol; cholesterol; hamsters; lipoproteins; squalene; triglycerides ID SEVERE FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FECAL BILE-ACIDS; PLANT STEROLS; HYPERPHYTOSTEROLEMIC PROBANDS; SERUM; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; PHYTOSTEROLS; SITOSTANOL AB The effects of a high saturated fat and cholesterol diet, supplemented with squalene or beta-sitosterol, on plasma lipoprotein levels in animals were evaluated. Thirty-six male adult F1B hamsters were fed for four weeks on a diet rich in saturated fatty acids composed of 90% chow diet, 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol. Subsequently, the animals were randomly assigned to three different diet groups (12 animals per group) for four weeks. Group 1 animals consumed the same high-fat diet; group 2 the high-fat diet supplemented with 1% squalene, and group 3 the high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% beta-sitosterol. Results show that squalene does not modify plasma lipoprotein levels. However, in animals that consumed the diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol supplemented with beta-sitosterol, plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio decreased by 33%, 49% and 48%, respectively. This reduction in total cholesterol was probably associated with decreased absorption of cholesterol and lower incorporation in chylomicrons and VLDL + IDL. However, cholesterol absorption per se was not measured in this experiment. Plasma triglyceride levels decreased in all lipoprotein fractions. In conclusion, under our experimental conditions, beta-sitosterol exerts a hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effect in experimental animals. However, the addition of squalene (1%) to this diet produces no effect on plasma lipoprotein levels. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Reina Sofia Univ, Lipids & Arteriosclerosis Unit, Cordoba, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00212-8 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 356CZ UT WOS:000089427900009 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, M TI Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk patients SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CORONARY-DISEASE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; BETA-CAROTENE; E CONSUMPTION; ANTIOXIDANT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Several observational studies have suggested that high intake of vitamin E may slow the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Some clinical trials also reported beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. However, results of recent large, multicenter clinical trials reported that vitamin E supplementation was not effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in highrisk patients. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 58 IS 9 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364UR UT WOS:000089911800003 PM 11060998 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Liebhold, AM AF Williams, DW Liebhold, AM TI Spatial scale and the detection of density dependence in spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern North America SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE autoregressive model; Choristoneura fumiferana; density dependence; spatial scale; time series analysis ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DEFOLIATION; LYMANTRIIDAE; COMPLEX; SERIES AB Using two tests for direct density dependence and standard techniques of time series analysis, we identified density dependence in defoliation time series of the spruce budworm across its outbreak range in eastern North America over the years 1945-1988. We carried out analyses for the entire region and for grid cells of defoliation maps at five spatial scales created by aggregating the smallest grid cells. The rate of detection of direct density dependence, as assessed by two previously published methods, decreased with increasing spatial scale. Using both methods, density dependence was detected more frequently at the periphery of the outbreak range, where defoliation rate was lower. This result suggested that density-dependent regulation may be stronger in those areas. The first order autoregressive process was the basic model for defoliation dynamics overall and the most common model across spatial scales. Second-order processes were encountered much less frequently, and those commonly identified as resulting from delayed density dependence generally occurred across spatial scales at a rate expected by chance alone. Our results were similar to those of other published studies, which have found the detection of density dependence to decrease at larger spatial scales. The results also reinforced the importance of considering spatial scale when diagnosing population processes using time series of abundance for single species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2000 VL 124 IS 4 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s004420000412 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357PH UT WOS:000089509700009 PM 28308393 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Bond, BJ Law, BE Hubbard, RM Woodruff, D Cienciala, E Kucera, J AF Ryan, MG Bond, BJ Law, BE Hubbard, RM Woodruff, D Cienciala, E Kucera, J TI Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE transpiration; whole-tree conductance; hydraulic conductance; humidity response of stomatal conductance ID XYLEM SAP FLOW; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SCOTS PINE; NORWAY SPRUCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; VAPOR FLUX; FOREST AB Changes in leaf physiology with tree age and size could alter forest growth, water yield, and carbon fluxes. We measured tree water flux (Q) for 14 ponderosa pine trees in two size classes (12 m tall and similar to 40 years old, and 36 m tall and similar to 290 years old) to determine if transpiration (E) and whole-tree conductance (g(t)) differed between the two sizes of trees. For both size classes, E was approximately equal to Q measured 2 m above the ground: Q was most highly correlated with current, not lagged, water vapor pressure deficit, and night Q was <12% of total daily flux. E for days 165-195 and 240-260 averaged 0.97 mmol m(-2) (leaf area, projected) s(-1) for the 12-m trees and 0.57 mmol m(-2) (leaf area) s(-1) for the 36-m trees. When photosynthetically active radiation (I-P) exceeded the light saturation for photosynthesis in ponderosa pine (900 mu mol m(-2) (ground) s(-1)), differences in E were more pronounced: 2.4 mmol m(-2) (leaf area) s(-1) for the 12-m trees and 1.2 mmol m(-2) s(-1) for the 36-m trees, yielding g(t) of 140 mmol m(-2) (leaf area) s(-1) for the 12-m trees and 72 mmol m(-2) s(-1) for the 36-m trees. Extrapolated to forests with leaf area index = 1, the 36-m trees would transpire 117 mm between 1 June and 31 August compared to 170 mm for the 12-m trees, a difference of 15% of average annual precipitation. Lower g(t) in the taller trees also likely lowers photosynthesis during the growing season. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci Environm Phys, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Environm Measuring Syst, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect RD, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Cienciala, Emil/F-1873-2011; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012; Kucera, Jiri/F-2022-2014; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Cienciala, Emil/0000-0002-1254-4254; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 45 TC 143 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2000 VL 124 IS 4 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s004420000403 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357PH UT WOS:000089509700010 PM 28308394 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Revelle, CS Snyder, SA AF Haight, RG Revelle, CS Snyder, SA TI An integer optimization approach to a probabilistic reserve site selection problem SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAXIMIZE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; LOCATION PROBLEM; PROGRAMMING APPROACH; CONSERVATION; ALGORITHMS; NETWORKS; EFFICIENCY; EXAMPLE; FYNBOS; AREAS AB Interest in protecting natural areas is increasing as development pressures and conflicting land uses threaten and fragment ecosystems. A variety of quantitative approaches have been developed to help managers select sites for biodiversity protection. The problem is often formulated to select the set of reserve sites that maximizes the number of species or ecological communities that are represented, subject to an upper bound on the number or area of selected sites. Most formulations assume that information about the presence or absence of species in the candidate sites is known with certainty. Because complete information typically is lacking, we developed a reserve selection formulation that incorporates probabilistic presence-absence data. The formulation was a discrete Oil optimization model that maximized the number of represented vegetation communities subject to a budget constraint, where a community was considered represented if its probability of occurrence in the set of selected sites exceeded a specified minimum reliability threshold. Although the formulation was nonlinear, a log transformation allowed us to represent the problem in a linear format that could be solved using exact optimization methods. The formulation was tested using a moderately sized reserve selection problem based on data from the Superior National Forest in Minnesota. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Minnesota Dept Transportat, Minneapolis, MN 55919 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 44 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1287/opre.48.5.697.12411 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 370VR UT WOS:000165143900004 ER PT J AU Xue, SK Gan, JY Yates, SR Becker, JO AF Xue, SK Gan, JY Yates, SR Becker, JO TI Nematode response to methyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene soil fumigation at different temperatures SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; 1.3-dichloropropene; citrus nematode; concentration-time index; ct; integrated pest management; soil fumigation ID SOLARIZATION; VOLATILIZATION; CALIFORNIA; PATHOGENS; EMISSIONS; FIELD; AIR AB Several heat-based methods, such as soil solarization, are being developed as alternative practices for managing soil-borne pests and pathogens. The effectiveness of these practices is often inconsistent or marginal, thus commanding the need for their integration with other methods. The main objective of this study was to determine synergistic interaction between soil fumigants and temperature. Soil infested with citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans was exposed to methyl bromide or 1,3-dichloropropene at various temperatures. Fumigant degradation was concurrently measured and concentration-time index let) was calculated and correlated to the recovered nematode population. In untreated soil, nematode survival was not affected by temperatures of 20-30 degrees C, but was strongly reduced at greater than or equal to 40 degrees C. In fumigated soil, nematode suppression was much greater at 30 degrees C than at 20 degrees C, and the ct required for nematode elimination at 30 degrees C was < 50% of that needed at 20 degrees C for both fumigants. These results suggest that these fumigants became more active with increasing temperature in the sub-lethal temperature range. It also implies that, when integrated with a heat-based practice, reduced rates of fumigants may provide adequate pest control, thus minimizing the environmental input of chemical fumigants. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 56 IS 9 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1002/1526-4998(200009)56:9<737::AID-PS192>3.0.CO;2-G PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 348QW UT WOS:000088998300003 ER PT J AU Scharf, ME Siegfried, BD Meinke, LJ Chandler, LD AF Scharf, ME Siegfried, BD Meinke, LJ Chandler, LD TI Fipronil metabolism, oxidative sulfone formation and toxicity among organophosphate- and carbamate-resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm populations SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fipronil; phenylpyrazole; insecticide resistance; cytochrome P450; glutathione-S-transferase; corn rootworm; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ID PHENYLPYRAZOLE INSECTICIDES; CHLORIDE CHANNEL; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DIPTERA; BLATTELLIDAE; DICTYOPTERA; MUSCIDAE; CARBARYL AB Fipronil toxicity and metabolism were studied in two insecticide-resistant, and one susceptible western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte) populations. Toxicity was evaluated by exposure to surface residues and by topical application. Surface residue bioassays indicated no differences in fipronil susceptibility among the three populations. Topical bioassays were used to study the relative toxicity of fipronil, fipronil + the mono-oxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide, and fipronil's oxidative sulfone metabolite in two populations tone resistant with elevated mono-oxygenase activity). Fipronil and fipronil-sulfone exhibited similar toxicity and application of piperonyl butoxide prior to fipronil resulted in marginal effects on toxicity. Metabolism of [C-14]fipronil was evaluated in vivo and in vitro in the three rootworm populations. In vivo studies indicated the dominant pathway in all populations to be formation of the oxidative sulfone metabolite. Much lower quantities of polar metabolites were also identified. In vitro studies were performed using sub-cellular protein fractions (microsomal and cytosolic), and glutathione-agarose purified glutathione-S-transferase. Oxidative sulfone formation occurred almost exclusively in in vitro microsomal reactions and was increased in the resistant populations. Highly polar metabolites were formed exclusively in in vitro cytosolic reactions. In vitro reactions performed with purified, cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (MW = 27 kDa) did not result in sulfone formation, although three additional polar metabolites not initially detectable in crude cytosolic reactions were detected. Metabolism results indicate both cytochromes P450 and glutathione-S-transferases are important to fipronil metabolism In the western corn rootworm and that toxic sulfone formation by P450 does not affect net toxicity. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68533 USA. ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68533 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 56 IS 9 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1002/1526-4998(200009)56:9<757::AID-PS197>3.0.CO;2-W PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 348QW UT WOS:000088998300006 ER PT J AU Frederick, RD Snyder, KE Tooley, PW Berthier-Schaad, Y Peterson, GL Bonde, MR Schaad, NW Knorr, DA AF Frederick, RD Snyder, KE Tooley, PW Berthier-Schaad, Y Peterson, GL Bonde, MR Schaad, NW Knorr, DA TI Identification and differentiation of Tilletia indica and T. walkeri using the polymerase chain reaction SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KARNAL BUNT; UNITED-STATES; POTATO-TUBERS; CAUSAL AGENT; WHEAT; PCR; PROGRAMS; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; ASSAY AB Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia indica, was found in regions of the southwestern United States in 1996. Yield losses due to Karnal bunt are slight, and the greatest threat of Karnal bunt to the U.S. wheat industry is the loss of its export market. Many countries either prohibit or restrict wheat imports from countries with Karnal bunt In 1997, teliospores morphologically resembling T. indica were isolated from bunted ryegrass seeds and wheat seed washes. Previously developed PCR assays faired differentiate T. indica from the recently discovered ryegrass pathogen, T. walkeri. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb region of mitochondrial DNA, previously amplified by PCR only from T. indica, was determined for three isolates of T. indica and three isolates of T. walkeri. There was greater than 99% identity within either the T. indica group or the T. walkeri group of isolates, whereas there was approximate to 3% divergence between isolates of these two Tilletia species. Five sets of PCR primers were made specific to T. indica, and three sets were designed specifically for T. walkeri based upon nucleotide differences within the mitochondrial DNA region. In addition, a 212 bp amplicon was developed as a target sequence in a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay using the TaqMan system for the detection and discrimination of T. indica and T. walkeri. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Perkin Elmer Appl Biosyst, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. RP Frederick, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 90 IS 9 BP 951 EP 960 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.9.951 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 347ZW UT WOS:000088960000003 PM 18944518 ER PT J AU Schmidt, RA Gramacho, KP Miller, T Young, CH AF Schmidt, RA Gramacho, KP Miller, T Young, CH TI Components of partial resistance in the slash pine-fusiform rust pathosystem SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cronartium quercuum f. sp fusiforme; incomplete resistance; pine stem rust; Pinus elliottii var. elliottii ID F-SP FUSIFORME; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LEAF RUST; CRONARTIUM; FREQUENCY; DISEASE AB Progeny of rust-resistant, open-pollinated slash pine families exhibited components of partial resistance in greenhouse tests. Nine-month-old seedlings of some resistant families had (i) a greater frequency of short galls (less than or equal to 25 mm long), and (ii) fewer sporulating galls compared with other resistant and susceptible families when exposed to Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme in greenhouse tests. These components of partial resistance were evident with (i) mixed- or single-gall inocula, (ii) varying inoculum concentration, and (iii) inoculation of wounds or intact tissues. Inocula effects were nonsignificant, but family effects were highly significant (P = 0.001 - 0.0001) for total galls (TG) and short galls (SG). Multivariate family means (TG-SG clusters) were highly significant (P = 0.0001). Short galls decreased on all families with an increase in inoculum concentration. In 36 field trials (12 locations x 3 years) a family which exhibited components of partial resistance in greenhouse tests exhibited lower disease incidence (% trees infected), lower disease severity (galls per tree), and less variability in disease incidence and severity among trials compared with other resistant families. Partially resistant families would be useful for tree improvement and for research into the genetics and mechanisms of resistance in the slash pine-fusiform rust pathosystem. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CEPLAC, CEPEC, SEFIT, BR-45600000 Itabuna, BA, Brazil. US Forest Serv, USDA, Resistance Screening Ctr, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Schmidt, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Gramacho, Karina/0000-0003-4037-1554 NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1005 EP 1010 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.9.1005 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 347ZW UT WOS:000088960000011 PM 18944526 ER PT J AU Tabor, GM Kubisiak, TL Klopfenstein, NB Hall, RB McNabb, HS AF Tabor, GM Kubisiak, TL Klopfenstein, NB Hall, RB McNabb, HS TI Bulked segregant analysis identifies molecular markers linked to Melampsora medusae resistance in Populus deltoides SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intraspecific hybrids; polymerase chain reaction; resistance genes ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; LARICI-POPULINA; MAJOR GENE; CLONING; TOMATO AB In the north central United States, leaf rust caused by Melampsora medusae is a major disease problem on Populus deltoides. In this study we identified molecular markers linked to a M. medusae resistance locus (Lrd1) that was segregating 1:1 within an intraspecific P. deltoides family (C9425DD). Previous field results were confirmed in the controlled environment of a growth chamber through an excised whole-leaf inoculation method. Using bulked segregant analysis we identified two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (OPG10(340) and OPZ19(1800)) that are linked to Lrd1. Based on segregation in a total of 116 progeny, the genetic distances between OPG10(340) and OPZ19(1800) and the resistance locus were estimated as 2.6 and 7.4 Haldane centimorgans (cM), respectively. Multipoint linkage analyses strongly suggest the most likely order for these loci is Lrd1, OPG10(340), and OPZ19(1800). These markers may prove to be instrumental in the eventual cloning of Lrd1, as well as for marker-assisted selection of leaf-rust resistant genotypes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Tabor, GM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gtabor@iastate.edu NR 25 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1039 EP 1042 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.9.1039 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 347ZW UT WOS:000088960000016 PM 18944531 ER PT J AU Wechsung, F Garcia, RL Wall, GW Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Michaelis, P Pinter, PJ Wechsung, G Grossman-Clarke, S Lamorte, RL Adamsen, FJ Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ AF Wechsung, F Garcia, RL Wall, GW Kartschall, T Kimball, BA Michaelis, P Pinter, PJ Wechsung, G Grossman-Clarke, S Lamorte, RL Adamsen, FJ Leavitt, SW Thompson, TL Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ TI Photosynthesis and conductance of spring wheat ears: field response to free-air CO2 enrichment and limitations in water and nitrogen supply SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum L.; ear; gas exchange; high CO2; nitrogen deficiency; water stress ID RESPIRATORY CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; C-3 CEREALS; LEAVES; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH; PLANTS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY AB The mid-day responses of wheat ear CO2 and water vapour exchange to full-season CO2 enrichment were investigated using a Free-Air CO2. Enrichment (FACE) apparatus. Spring wheat [Triticum aestivum (L). cv. Yecora Rojo] was grown in two experiments under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 (C-a) concentrations (approximately 370 mu mol mol(-1) and 550 mu mol mol(-1), respectively) combined first with two irrigation (Irr) schemes (Wet: 100% and Dry: 50% replacement of evapotranspiration) and then with two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (High: 350, Low: 70 kg ha(-1)N). Blowers were used for C-a enrichment, Ambient C-a plots were exposed to blower induced winds as well the C-a x N but not in the C-a x Irr experiment. The net photosynthesis for the ears was increased by 58% and stomatal conductance (g(s)) was decreased by 26% due to elevated C-a under ample water and N supply when blowers were applied to both C-a treatments. The use of blowers in the C-a-enriched plots only during the C-a x Irr experiment (blower effect) and Low N supply restricted the enhancement of net photosynthesis of the ear due to higher C-a. In the latter case, the increase of net photosynthesis of the ear amounted to 26%. The decrease in g(s) caused by higher C-a was not affected by the blower effect and N treatment. The mid-day enhancement of net photosynthesis due to elevated C-a was higher for ears than for flag leaves and this effect was most pronounced under ample wafer and N supply, The contribution of ears to grain filling is therefore likely to increase in higher C-a environments in the future. In the comparison between Wet and Dry, the higher C-a did not alter the response of net photosynthesis of the ear and g(s) to Irr. However, C-a enrichment increased the drought tolerance of net photosynthesis of the glume and delayed the increase of the awn portion of net photosynthesis of the ear during drought. Therefore, the role of awns for maintaining high net photosynthesis of the ear under drought may decrease when C-a increases. C1 Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. LI COR Inc, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Wechsung, F (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, POB 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. RI Graefe, Peggy/B-8050-2015 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 23 IS 9 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00603.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 382DG UT WOS:000165802700003 ER PT J AU Ghannoum, O Von Caemmerer, S Ziska, LH Conroy, JP AF Ghannoum, O Von Caemmerer, S Ziska, LH Conroy, JP TI The growth response of C-4 plants to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressure: a reassessment SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE CO2 enrichment; C-4 photosynthesis; water relations ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEVELOPING MAIZE LEAVES; BUNDLE-SHEATH-CELLS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENE-EXPRESSION; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII C-3; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS C-4; GAS-EXCHANGE; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; WATER-USE AB Despite mounting evidence showing that C-4 plants can accumulate more biomass at elevated CO2 partial pressure (p(CO2)), the underlying mechanisms of this response are still largely unclear, Iri this paper, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the response of C-4 plants to elevated p(CO2) and discuss the likely mechanisms. We identify two main routes through which elevated p(CO2) can stimulate the growth of both well-watered and water-stressed C-4 plants. First, through enhanced leaf CO2 assimilation rates due to increased intercellular p(CO2), Second, through reduced stomatal conductance and subsequently leaf transpiration rates, Reduced transpiration rates can stimulate leaf CO2 assimilation and growth rates by conserving soil water, improving shoot water relations and increasing leaf temperature.;We argue that bundle sheath leakiness, direct CO2 fixation in the bundle sheath or the presence of C-3-like photosynthesis in young C-4 leaves are unlikely explanations for the high CO2-responsiveness of C-4 photosynthesis. The interactions between elevated p(CO2), leaf temperature and shoot water relations on the growth and photosynthesis of C-4 plants are identified as key areas needing urgent research. C1 Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Hort & Plant Sci, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Mol Plant Physiol Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ghannoum, O (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Hort & Plant Sci, Locked Bag No 1, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. RI von Caemmerer, Susanne/C-9317-2009; OI Ghannoum, Oula/0000-0002-1341-0741 NR 113 TC 132 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 23 IS 9 BP 931 EP 942 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00609.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 382DG UT WOS:000165802700004 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Ivors, KL Miller, ML Moore, LW AF Pinkerton, JN Ivors, KL Miller, ML Moore, LW TI Effect of soil solarization and cover crops on populations of selected soilborne plant pathogens in western Oregon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE green manure; metam sodium; methyl bromide; root-lesion nematode; soil amendment ID CONTROLLING VERTICILLIUM WILT; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; GREEN MANURES; DAHLIAE; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Field experiments were conducted in silty-clay loam in Corvallis, OR during the summers of 1995 and 1996 to study the effects of green manure cover crops (Sudan grass, rape, and barley), soil solarization, soil fumigation, and combinations of those treatments on population densities of soil pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Nylon mesh bags containing soil infested with V. dahliae and Phytophthora cinnamomi were buried 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm deep. Soil solarization was performed over a 54- to 59-day period using a 0.6-mil clear polyethylene film. Maximum soil temperatures recorded at depths of 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm were 53, 48, 39, and 34 degrees C in solarized soil, respectively; these temperatures were 8 to 16 degrees C higher than in corresponding nonsolarized plots. Soil samples were collected before, during, and after solarization to quantify pathogen populations at those four depths. Pot or field studies were conducted subsequent to treatments to determine the effects of treatments on susceptible plants. Soil solarization, cover crops plus solarization, or fumigation with metam sodium resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in density of P. cinnamomi populations at all four depths and reduced (P < 0.05) V: dahliea at 5 and 10 cm. In greenhouse assays of solarized soils, disease severity was reduced (P < 0.05) for Verticillium spp. on eggplant and Phytophthora spp. on snapdragons. Cover crops alone were not effective in reducing P. cinnamomi and V. dahliae populations. Agrobacterium spp. population densities declined within solarized plots and incidence of crown gall on 'Mazzard' cherry rootstock planted in solarized plots was reduced significantly. Population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans were reduced in the upper 30-cm soil profile by solarization. Solarization for an 8-week period during the warmest months of summer could provide an additional management alternative for several important soilborne pathogens in western Oregon. C1 USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 84 IS 9 BP 952 EP 960 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.9.952 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 345YB UT WOS:000088841900005 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Bonde, MR Phillips, JG AF Peterson, GL Bonde, MR Phillips, JG TI Size-selective sieving for detecting teliospores of Tilletia indica in wheat seed samples SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease survey; seed wash; spore isolation ID KARNAL BUNT; IDENTIFICATION; ISOZYMES; DNA; PCR AB A method was developed to isolate teliospores of Tilletia indica from infested grain. The technique was evaluated to determine its sensitivity for detection and quantification of teliospores, the time required to conduct an individual test, and its utility for the detection and identification of the pathogen for phytosanitary regulation and seed certification. A seed wash of a 50-g grain sample was washed through 53-mu m and 20-mu m pore size nylon screens to remove unwanted debris and to concentrate and isolate teliospores. The material retained in the 20-mu m screen was suspended for direct microscopic examination or plated on water agar for teliospore germination and identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing two pairs of T. indica-specific primers. The reliability of detection for both light microscopy and PCR are 100% at an infestation of five teliospores per 50-g sample. The proportion of teliospores recovered from grain samples artificially infested with T. indica was 0, 82, 88, 81, and 82%, respectively, at infestation levels of 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 teliospores per 50-g wheat sample. Extraction efficiency was comparable to the centrifuge seed-wash method currently used by most seed health laboratories. Sample analysis using size-selective sieving was more than 83% faster than the standard centrifuge seed wash. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USDA ARS, N Atlantic Area, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 84 IS 9 BP 999 EP 1007 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.9.999 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 345YB UT WOS:000088841900012 ER PT J AU Koshinsky, HA Lee, E Ow, DW AF Koshinsky, HA Lee, E Ow, DW TI Cre-lox site-specific recombination between Arabidopsis and tobacco chromosomes SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplast fusion; Cre-lox recombination; recombinase-mediated translocation; Arabidopsis; Nicotiana ID SOMATIC HYBRID PLANTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSLOCATION EVENTS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; THALIANA; DNA; NICOTIANA; GENOME; TRANSFORMATION; PROTOPLASTS AB To create hybrid chromosomes, we tested the Cre-lox system to mediate recombination between Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum chromosomes. Protoplasts of the two plants were fused to allow site-specific recombination to join a promoter from tobacco to a hygromycin resistance coding-region from Arabidopsis. The expected recombination junction was detected in hygromycin-resistant calli. Analysis of one hybrid suspension cell line revealed the presence of markers corresponding to the north arm of Arabidopsis chromosome III, but not markers from other chromosome arms. However, these markers were not detected in regenerated plants. With a second hybrid cell line we obtained a single hygromycin-resistant progeny from approximately 18 000 self fertilized seeds of one regenerated plant. Molecular analysis of this hybrid indicated that a small portion of the north arm of Arabidopsis chromosome V is present in the tobacco genome. However, neither the recombination junction nor Arabidopsis DNA was detected in tissue from the plant grown without selection or in the subsequent generation. Thus interspecies transfer of a chromosome arm between plant cells is possible, but maintenance of the hybrid chromosome in a plant is unlikely. The feasibility of site-specific recombination between genomes of different species offers new possibilities for engineering hybrid chromosomes that may be maintained in cell culture. C1 ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00839.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 361GL UT WOS:000089715300002 PM 10998183 ER PT J AU Basu, D Dehesh, K Schneider-Poetsch, HJ Harrington, SE McCouch, SR Quail, PH AF Basu, D Dehesh, K Schneider-Poetsch, HJ Harrington, SE McCouch, SR Quail, PH TI Rice PHYC gene: structure, expression, map position and evolution SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene structure; genomic mapping; phylogeny; phytochrome genes; rice; transcription start site ID ALGA MESOTAENIUM-CALDARIORUM; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; PHYTOCHROME-A GENES; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FLOWERING TIME; MOLECULAR MAP; MUTANT LACKS; START SITES AB Although sequences representing members of the phytochrome (phy) family of photoreceptors have been reported in numerous species across the phylogenetic spectrum, relatively few phytochrome genes (PHY) have been fully characterized. Using rice, we have cloned and characterized the first PHYC gene from a monocot. Comparison of genomic and cDNA PHYC sequences shows that the rice PHYC gene contains three introns in the protein-coding region typical of most angiosperm PHY genes, in contrast to Arabidopsis PHYC, which lacks the third intron. Mapping of the transcription start site and 5'-untranslated region of the rice PHYC transcript indicates that it contains an unusually long, intronless, 5'-untranslated leader sequence of 715 bp. PHYC mRNA levels are relatively low compared to PHYA and PHYB mRNAs in rice seedlings, and are similar in dark- and light-treated seedlings, suggesting relatively low constitutive expression. Genomic mapping shows that the PHYA, PHYB, and PHYC genes are all located on chromosome 3 of rice, in synteny with these genes in linkage group C (sometimes referred to as linkage group A) of sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that rice phyC is closely related to sorghum phyC, but relatively strongly divergent from Arabidopsis phyC, the only full-length dicot phyC sequence available. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Bot, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 73 TC 47 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 27 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1006488119301 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 366CM UT WOS:000089987300003 PM 11094977 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KD Korenkov, VD Wilganowski, NL Wagner, GJ AF Hirschi, KD Korenkov, VD Wilganowski, NL Wagner, GJ TI Expression of Arabidopsis CAX2 in tobacco. Altered metal accumulation and increased manganese tolerance SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; OAT ROOTS; YEAST; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; PHYTOREMEDIATION; TONOPLAST AB Metal transport from the cytosol to the vacuole is thought to be an important component of ion tolerance and of a plant's potential for use in phytoremediation. The Arabidopsis antiporter CAX2 (calcium exchanger 2) may be a key mediator of this process. CAX2 expression in yeast suppressed both Ca2+ and Mn2+ growth defects. A peptide-specific antibody to the antiporter reacted with a 39-kD protein from plant vacuolar membranes. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing CAX2 accumulated more Ca2+, Cd2+,and Mn2+ and were more tolerant to elevated Mn2+ levels. Expression of CAX2 in tobacco increased Cd2+ and Mn2+ transport in isolated root tonoplast vesicles. These results suggest that CAX2 has a broad substrate range and modulation of this transporter may be an important component of future strategies to improve plant ion tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Plant Physiol Biochem Mol Biol Program, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Plant Physiol Grp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM 57427] NR 49 TC 215 Z9 248 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1104/pp.124.1.125 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353ZW UT WOS:000089306200014 PM 10982428 ER PT J AU Raboy, V Gerbasi, PF Young, KA Stoneberg, SD Pickett, SG Bauman, AT Murthy, PPN Sheridan, WF Ertl, DS AF Raboy, V Gerbasi, PF Young, KA Stoneberg, SD Pickett, SG Bauman, AT Murthy, PPN Sheridan, WF Ertl, DS TI Origin and seed phenotype of maize low phytic acid 1-1 and low phytic acid 2-1 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIRODELA-POLYRHIZA L; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; DICTYOSTELIUM; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORYLATION; MUTANTS; KINASE AB Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate or Zns P-6) typically represents approximately 75% to 80% of maize (Zea mays) seed total P. Here we describe the origin, inheritance, and seed phenotype of two non-lethal maize low phytic acid mutants, lpa1-1 and lpa2-1. The loci map to two sites on chromosome 1S. Seed phytic acid P is reduced in these mutants by 50% to 66% but seed total P is unaltered. The decrease in phytic acid P in mature lpa1-1 seeds is accompanied by a corresponding increase in inorganic phosphate (P-i). In mature lpa2-1 seed it is accompanied by increases in P-i and at least three other myo-inositol (Ins) phosphates (and/or their respective enantiomers): D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6) P-5; D-Ins (1,4,5,6) P-4; and D-Ins(1,2,6) P-3. In both cases the sum of seed P-i and Ins phosphates (including phytic acid) is constant and similar to that observed in normal seeds. In both mutants P chemistry appears to be perturbed throughout seed development. Homozygosity for either mutant results in a seed dry weight loss, ranging from 4% to 23%. These results indicate that phytic acid metabolism during seed development is not solely responsible for P homeostasis and indicate that the phytic acid concentration typical of a normal maize seed is not essential to seed function. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grain Germplasm Res Facil, POB 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. OI Ertl, David/0000-0003-1374-2970 NR 55 TC 236 Z9 267 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1104/pp.124.1.355 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 353ZW UT WOS:000089306200035 PM 10982449 ER EF