FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Showers, CG AF Showers, CG GP TRB TI Economic fish passage - An innovative alternative SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB Many existing stream-crossing structures on low-volume roads were designed and constructed to pass the design flow. Many of these structures are large-diameter metal culverts that are mechanically sound and still sufficient for the volume of traffic and the design vehicle as well as the maximum designed stream How. However, design of these structures often gave no thought to the migration or mobility,of aquatic species, particularly fish. Continued existence of many aquatic species requires that habitat fragmented by development be reconnected, specifically stream segments separated by road-crossing structures such as large culverts. The user cost-benefits and revenues available to the low-volume road manager make full replacement of existing structures prohibitive and difficult to justify, especially when the existing structure is sufficient for the traffic need. An effective, economic alternative to the removal of large culverts is offered, one that can be implemented with commonly acquired equipment and labor, with costs kept reasonably low in meeting the objective of reconnecting segments of aquatic habitat. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Showers, CG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, 5785 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500027 ER PT S AU Vischer, W AF Vischer, W GP TRB TI Low-volume road flexible pavement design with geogrid-reinforced base SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB Reconstruction of a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service campground facility in the North Dakota National Grasslands required redesign and substantial construction change because of an unstable clay subgrade. The original proposal provided for removing the old asphalt and adding additional base and a new asphalt surface. When the asphalt cement was removed, it was found that the base course had migrated into the clay subgrade, leaving the subgrade unstable. Options explored for redesign were thickened gravel base sections, lime stabilization, and geosynthetic reinforcement. The geogrid-reinforced base was selected. Design analysis consisted of two phases: (a) bearing capacity analysis for construction traffic and (b) flexible pavement analysis and design to support long-term recreation traffic. The first involved primarily Tensar design methods; the second, an empirical and mechanistic approach. Empirical methods, based on 1993 AASHTO design procedures, included Tensar methods and the recent Perkins-Michigan. Department of Transportation model. The mechanistic approach used the EVERSTRESS and KENLAYER elastic layered programs. All design methods used were found beneficial and are recommended. The final flexible pavement sections constructed were dictated by the construction traffic,and consisted of 2 in. of asphalt concrete on a reinforced base course ranging in thickness from 4 to 12 in. The project had to be completed in 3 weeks, so investigation and testing were limited, and the design parameters were based primarily on field dynamic cone penetrometer testing and correlations. Enforcement of the limited wheel loads became a continuous inspection problem. In addition, because of the fineness of the base aggregate produced, a separation geotextile had to be added to preclude migration of the base aggregate through the geogrid into the subgrade. C1 US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Vischer, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Reg 1,POB 7669,200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500035 ER PT S AU Foltz, RB Truebe, M AF Foltz, RB Truebe, M GP TRB TI Locally available aggregate and sediment production SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB Selection of suitable locally available materials to build strong and durable roads with aggregate surfaces is desired to minimize road construction and maintenance costs and to minimize the detrimental effects of sedimentation. Eighteen aggregates were selected from local sources in Idaho, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington State. Aggregate was placed in shallow metal frames and compacted to simulate a forest road. The levels of runoff and sediment from a high-intensity, long-duration simulated rainstorm were measured. The material tests selected for use in the study included ones that define the basic characteristics of the aggregate, along with a number of tests intended to predict susceptibility to erosion. Each of the tests was statistically evaluated to identify those that best predicted the perceived aggregate quality. The two best indicators of aggregate quality were the results of the sand equivalent test and the P20 portion of the Oregon air degradation test. The best indicator of either runoff or,sediment production was the fraction passing the 0.6-mm sieve. Acceptable aggregates, both those of good quality and those of marginal quality, exhibited a 2-order-of-magnitude range:in both runoff band sediment production. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP A185 EP A193 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500069 ER PT S AU Kestler, MA AF Kestler, MA GP TRB TI Techniques for extending the life of low-volume roads in seasonal frost areas SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB Major highways are designed to withstand heavy vehicles and high traffic volumes year round. However, low-volume roads (LVRs) in seasonal frost areas are extremely susceptible to damage from trafficking by heavy vehicles during spring thaw. As a result, the maintenance-free life of an LVR in a seasonal frost area averages less than half that of a similar road in a nonfrost area. This study serves as a practical primer on addressing thaw weakening of LVRs: it offers guidance for identifying frost-susceptible soils, summarizes methods used and currently undergoing research to determine when conditions are critical, and provides several solutions for avoiding the costly impact of spring thaw on LVRs. Diagnostic tools and recommended road-usage techniques are provided for existing roads; alternative design techniques are presented for new and reconstructed roads. Tools and techniques are applicable across much of Europe, North America, and Asia; some also apply to wet areas outside seasonal frost areas. C1 US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), US Dept Agr Forest Serv, 719 Main St, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP A275 EP A284 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500080 ER PT S AU Monlux, S AF Monlux, S GP TRB TI Stabilizing unpaved roads with calcium chloride SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 2003, VOLS 1 AND 2: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR, RENO, NEVADA HO UNIV NEVADA, TRANSPORTAT TRANSFER CTR AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service has stabilized un-paved road surfacing materials with relatively high concentrations of calcium chloride salt. The percentage of calcium chloride is higher than that traditionally used for dust abatement or aggregate base stabilization. Up to 2% pure salt by weight of aggregate was mixed into-the top 2 in. (50 mm) of both aggregate and native road surfaces. The results were monitored for 2 to 4 years. The stabilized road surfaces resisted raveling and washboarding for several, seasons and significantly reduced road blading and aggregate loss. As a result, calcium chloride stabilization may be a cost-effective treatment for roads with daily traffic volumes less than 200. Other benefits include reduced surface erosion and sedimentation; improved safety from reduced dust, raveling, and washboarding; and less frost penetration. Encouraged by these results, the Forest Service is conducting additional evaluations to determine the cost-effectiveness of surface stabilization with both magnesium chloride and calcium chloride in different environments and with different aggregate materials. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Monlux, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 3738 Cent Ave W, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07748-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1819 BP A52 EP A56 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX08M UT WOS:000184237500052 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PW AF Schaefer, PW TI Winter aggregation of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera : coccinellidae) in a concrete observation tower SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Harmonia axyridis; coleoptera; coccinellidae; winter aggregation; lady beatle; overwintering mortality; fall flight behavior ID UNITED-STATES; PALLAS AB Aggregations of thousands of multicolored Asian lady beetles, Harmonia axyridis, have appeared each fall since 1993 in a 20.1 m high concrete observation tower at Mt. Gretna, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. The tower is located in a clearing on a ridge in otherwise regenerated oak-maple-birch forests in Clarence Schock Memorial Park at Governor Dick (326 in elevation, 40degrees 14.78' N, 76degrees 27.35' W). Beetles aggregate in the ceiling/wall corners on four different levels in the tower's internal ladderways. Since the tower is open to the public for recreational purposes, one can visit the tower in late fall and witness these aggregations. During some winters, mortality appears very high, suggesting that the tower lacks adequate insulative properties for optimum survival. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intorduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Schaefer, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intorduct Res Unit, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM pschaefer@biir.ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JN UT WOS:000220700700006 ER PT J AU Froeschner, RC AF Froeschner, RC TI Review of the middle American lace bug genus macrotingis (Heteroptera : tingidae), with a key and a new species from Mexico SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Macrotingis; heteroptera; tingidae; middle America; Mexico AB The genus Macrotingis was described by Champion (1897:22) for two species. Later Drake added another species and a "variety" for one of Champion's species; that variety is herein elevated to full species status. The range of Macrotingis, previously known from Guatemala south into Panama, is extended a short distance northward into southern Mexico with the present description of the new species M. schaffneri. A key separates the five included taxa. C1 US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Froeschner, RC (reprint author), Care Of Henry TJ, USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JN UT WOS:000220700700007 ER PT J AU Fischer, WC AF Fischer, WC TI Fire: A brief history. SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Forest Serv, Boise Natl Forest, USDA, Boise, ID USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.2307/3985982 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 650HD UT WOS:000181256800015 ER PT J AU Fischer, WC AF Fischer, WC TI Year of the fires: The story of the great fires of 1910. SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Forest Serv, Boist Natl Forest, USDA, Boise, ID USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 DI 10.2307/3985982 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 650HD UT WOS:000181256800016 ER PT S AU Jaronski, ST Goettel, MS Lomer, CJ AF Jaronski, ST Goettel, MS Lomer, CJ BE Hokkanen, HMT Hajek, AE TI Regulatory requirements for eco-toxicological assessments of microbial insecticides - How relevant are they? SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES: NEED AND METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT SE Progress in Biological Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessment of Environmental Safety of Biological Insecticides CY AUG 25-30, 2001 CL Noordwijkerhout, NETHERLANDS SP Soc Invertebrate Pathol, Microbial Control Div ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; ALEYRODIDAE; APHELINIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; MIRIDAE; FUNGI C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jaronski, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM goettel@agr.gc.ca NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5915 BN 1-4020-0813-9 J9 PROG BIOL CONTROL JI Prog. Biol. Control PY 2003 VL 1 BP 237 EP 260 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA BAU33 UT WOS:000223586400012 ER PT J AU Theseira, GW Host, GE Isebrands, JG Whisler, FD AF Theseira, GW Host, GE Isebrands, JG Whisler, FD TI SOILPSI: a potential-driven three-dimensional soil water redistribution model-description and comparative evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE soil model; root model; rhizosphere model; water redistribution; water flow; ECOPHYS ID AMMI ANALYSIS; TRIALS; GROWTH; FLOW AB ECOPHYS, an individual-based process model for poplar, requires a three-dimensional soil water redistribution model to simulate soil water dynamics, plant uptake, and root growth. SOILPSI is a potential-driven water redistribution model based on the RHIZOS rhizosphere simulator. It expands on RHIZOS by calculating water flux based on water potential, and has a macropore flow mode to allow rapid drainage of the soil. SOILPSI simulates water flux in three dimensions and accounts for slope. SOILPSI was evaluated by comparing model output to soil moisture data collected under bare soil conditions. AMMI analysis of a date x depth matrix of differences between simulated and observed soil moisture content showed that excluding the two shallowest soil layers resulted in a difference matrix that conformed to an additive model. The grand mean predicted values were within 2% of the observed values, and 50 of 56 predicted values were within 5% of the observed values. Better agreements between simulated and observed soil moisture content were observed deeper in the soil profile and later in the season. Agreement between SOILPSI and field conditions was consistently more accurate than RHIZOS. Improving simulation of evaporative flux at the soil surface would improve simulation accuracy in the upper horizons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Host, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 AR PII S1364-8152(02)00040-3 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00040-3 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637BX UT WOS:000180492700002 ER PT J AU Cogle, AL Lane, LJ Basher, L AF Cogle, AL Lane, LJ Basher, L TI Testing the hillslope erosion model for application in India, New Zealand and Australia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modelling of Hydrologic Systems (MODSIM 2001) CY DEC 10-13, 2001 CL CANNBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Natl Univ, Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand Inc DE erosion; hillslopes; India; New Zealand; Australia ID SOIL-MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; SEMIARID TROPICS AB The hillslope erosion model (HEM) was developed to describe erosion and sediment yield on rangelands and is based on mathematical relationships among sediment yield, runoff, hillslope characteristics, and a relative soil erodibility value. It is available on the web site, http://www.eisnr.tucson.ars.ag.gov/HillslopeErosionModel. Currently, HEM has had limited application outside the USA. Our aim was to test the utility of the model with data from (a) a sandy loam at Hyderabad, India; (b) a clay loam at Pukekohe, New Zealand; and (c) a heavy red clay soil in northern Australia. Calibration showed that derived relative soil erodibility values for Indian and Australian locations differed from those determined for the USA datasets, however the default value appeared to be applicable for the New Zealand data with some variability. Our testing suggests that further calibration and analysis are necessary before default values can be identified for all sites. We also suggest however, that cautious use with derived soil erodibilities is possible at these locations, as further model testing occurs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Nat Resources & Mines, Mareeba, Qld 4880, Australia. USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. RP Cogle, AL (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources & Mines, POB 1054, Mareeba, Qld 4880, Australia. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00082-3 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723VZ UT WOS:000185453400014 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Temple, PJ AF Bytnerowicz, A Temple, PJ TI O. Clifton Taylor (1918-2003) - Obituary SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 126 IS 2 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00214-8 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720BT UT WOS:000185241600015 ER PT J AU Kukier, U Ishak, CF Sumner, ME Miller, WP AF Kukier, U Ishak, CF Sumner, ME Miller, WP TI Composition and element solubility of magnetic and non-magnetic fly ash fractions SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE fly ash; magnetic fraction; non-magnetic fraction; composition; solubility ID CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; COMBUSTION RESIDUES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; COAL; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; METALS AB Magnetic and non-magnetic fractions of coal fly ashes from SE US electric power plants were characterized with special emphasis on the potential environmental consequences of their terrestrial disposal. Quartz and mullite were the crystalline minerals dominating the non-magnetic fractions. Magnetic fractions contained magnetite, hematite, and, to a lesser extent, quartz and mullite. Chemical analyses revealed that magnetic fractions had about 10 times higher concentrations of Fe, and 2-4 times higher concentrations of Co, Ni, and Mn. Non-magnetic fractions were enriched in K, Al and Ca. Iron content within fly ash particles was negatively correlated with elements associated with aluminosilicate matrix (Si, At, K, Na). Solubility of most elements was higher in the non-magnetic than in the magnetic fractions of alkaline fly ashes at comparable pH. Calcium was associated with the nonmagnetic fraction of the alkaline fly ashes which resulted in a higher pH buffering capacity of this fraction. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Pertanian Malaysia, Dept Soil Sci, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kukier, U (reprint author), USDA ARS, AMBL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 123 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00376-7 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00376-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 668JL UT WOS:000182287000008 PM 12628204 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Phillips, I Stratton, H Sojka, RE AF Entry, JA Phillips, I Stratton, H Sojka, RE TI Polyacrylamide plus Al-2(SO4)(3) and polyacrylamide plus CaO remove coliform bacteria and nutrients from swine wastewater SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE runoff; surface water; soils; Australia; groundwater; pathogens ID WATER-QUALITY; RIPARIAN FILTERSTRIPS; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; FURROW IRRIGATION; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; RIVER CATCHMENT; SOIL-EROSION; NITROGEN; MICROORGANISMS AB Animal wastes are a major contributor of nutrients and enteric microorganisms to surface water and ground water. Polyacrylamide (PAM) mixtures are an effective flocculent, and we hypothesized that they would reduce transport of microorganisms in flowing water. After waste water running at 60.0 l min(-1) flowed over PAM+Al-2(SO4)(3), or PAM +CaO in furrows, total coliform bacteria (TC) and fecal coliform bacteria (FC) were reduced by 30-50% at 1 and 50 m downstream of the treatments compared to the control. In a column study, PAM + Al-2(SO4)(3), and PAM + CaO applied to sandy, sandy loam, loam, and clay soils reduced NH4+ and ortho-P concentrations in leachate compared to the source waste water and the control. PAM + Al-2(SO4)(3) and PAM + CaO applied to sandy, sandy loam and loam soils reduced both total and ortho-P, concentrations in leachate compared to the source wastewater and control treatment. In a field study, PAM + Al-2(SO4)(3), or PAM + CaO treatments did not consistently reduce NH4+, NO3-, ortho-P, and total P concentrations in wastewater flowing over any soil compared to inflow wastewater or the control treatment. With proper application PAM + Al-2(SO4)(3) and PAM + CaO may be able to reduce the numbers of enteric bacteria in slowly flowing wastewater running off animal confinement areas, reducing the amount of pollutants entering surface water and groundwater. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Griffith Univ, Sch Environm Engn, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 121 IS 3 BP 453 EP 462 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00225-7 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00225-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637FQ UT WOS:000180501200013 PM 12685771 ER PT J AU Ruliffson, JA Haight, RG Gobster, PH Homans, FR AF Ruliffson, JA Haight, RG Gobster, PH Homans, FR TI Metropolitan natural area protection to maximize public access and species representation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Protectiong Nature on Private Land CY JUN 12-15, 2002 CL LAHTI, FINLAND DE biodiversity protection; Chicago; facility location; metropolitan open space protection; reserve site selection ID RESERVE SELECTION; POPULATION VIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; NETWORKS; SCIENCE AB In response to widespread urban development, local governments in metropolitan areas in the United States acquire and protect privately-owned open space. We addressed the planner's problem of allocating a fixed budget for open space protection among eligible natural areas with the twin objectives of maximizing public access and species representation. Both objectives were incorporated into a discrete, 0-1 integer optimization model and applied to a problem with 68 sites, 61 species, and 34 towns in the Chicago metropolitan area. Increasing required species representation reduced the maximum number of towns with access to reserves, and the tradeoff between species representation and site accessibility increased as the budget was reduced. The definition of site accessibility affected optimal reserve design. A town had access if a specified number of reserves was located within a specified distance from the town. Increasing the distance standard resulted in more, smaller sites protected in a uniform spatial pattern. Increasing the minimum number of sites required to be within a distance standard caused the selection of clusters of sites near a few towns. The study adds a new dimension to reserve site selection models by including site accessibility as a goal. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S1462-9011(03)00038-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 740KV UT WOS:000186402300011 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM Gusta, LV Fuller, M Duman, J Griffith, M AF Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM Gusta, LV Fuller, M Duman, J Griffith, M BE Tanino, K Arora, R Graves, B Griffith, M Gusta, LV Junttila, O Palta, J Wisniewski, M TI Using infrared thermography to study ice nucleation and propagation in plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND HORTICULTURE CROPS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph ID VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; WINTER RYE; ANTIFREEZE; PROTEINS AB Infrared thermography offers a distinct advantage over other methods of studying ice nucleation and propagation in plants because it allows one to directly visualize the freezing process. This technique has provided new details about the freezing process in most of the plant species in which it has been used. It is non-intrusive and thus overcomes any influence on the pattern of freezing resulting from attached objects such as thermocouples. Collectively, the results of several studies have identified several new possibilities for enhancing frost protection. In particular, selection of cultivars with thicker cuticles or providing an externally-applied, hydrophobic barrier, may provide a way of blocking extrinsic ice formation from propagating into a plant and initiating a freezing event. The application of a hydrophobic particle film to the surface of tomato plants provided frost protection and prevented plants from freezing despite the presence of ice on the external leaf surface. Breeding for the presence of barriers to ice propagation in woody plants, that allow expanded flowers or inflorescences to supercool despite the formation of ice in stem tissues, may also be a practical approach for enhancing cold hardiness during spring frosts. Evidence that the expression of transgenes coding for insect antifreeze proteins in Arabidopsis can enhance supercooling in the absence of extrinsic ice nucleation has also been reported. It is expected that further studies utilizing infrared thermography to study ice nucleation and propagation in plants will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms plants have evolved to accommodate ice formation within their tissues. Such knowledge will be extremely valuable for developing new frost protection technologies. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-439-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 618 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BY55E UT WOS:000189406500057 ER PT J AU Iko, WM Archuleta, AS Knopf, FL AF Iko, WM Archuleta, AS Knopf, FL TI Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in Central California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mountain plover; pesticides; cholinesterase; body condition; California, USA ID REACTIVATION TECHNIQUES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; ESTERASE INHIBITION; WILD BIRDS; FIELD USE; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; CONTAMINATION; MAMMALS AB Declines of over 60% in mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) populations over the past 30 years have made it a species of concern throughout its current range and a proposed species for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wintering mountain plovers spend considerable time on freshly plowed agricultural fields where they may potentially be exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides. Because of the population status and wintering ecology of plovers, the objectives of our study were to use nondestructive methods to report baseline plasma cholinesterase (ChE) levels in free-ranging mountain plovers wintering in California, USA, and to assess whether sampled birds showed signs of ChE inhibition related to anticholinesterase chemical exposure.. We compared plasma ChE activity for mountain plovers sampled from the Carrizo Plain (an area relatively free of anticholinesterase pesticide use) with similar measures for plovers from the Central Valley (where anticholinesterase pesticides are widely used). Analyses for ChE inhibition indicated that none of the plovers had been recently exposed to these chemicals. However, mean ChE levels of plovers from the Central Valley were significantly higher (32%) than levels reported for plovers from the Carrizo Plain.. This result differs from our original assumption of higher exposure risk to mountain plovers in the Central Valley but does suggest that some effect is occurring in the ChE activity of mountain plovers wintering in California. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. US Forest Serv, Arapaho & Roosevelt Natl Forests & Pawnee Natl Gr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Iko, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bill_iko@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0119:PCLOMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 626PF UT WOS:000179881200015 PM 12503754 ER PT S AU Lewis, J AF Lewis, J BE Bogen, J Fergus, T Walling, D TI Turbidity-controlled sampling for suspended sediment load estimation SO EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT IN RIVERS: TECHNOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers CY JUN 19-21, 2002 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Norwegian Water Resourses & Energy Directorate, Int Assoc Hydrik Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros DE particle size; regression; sampling; suspended sediment; turbidity AB Automated data collection is essential to effectively measure suspended sediment loads in storm events, particularly in small basins. Continuous turbidity measurements can be used, along with discharge, in an automated system that makes real-time sampling decisions to facilitate sediment load estimation. The Turbidity Threshold Sampling method distributes sample collection over the range of rising and falling turbidity values and attempts to sample all significant turbidity episodes. A data logger activates a pumping sampler when specified turbidity conditions are met. The resulting set of samples can be used to accurately determine suspended sediment loads by establishing a relation between sediment concentration and turbidity for any sampled period with significant sediment transport. Relations between turbidity, concentration, and particle size are examined at five sites in northern California, USA. Despite the influence of particle size, turbidity is in all cases superior to flow as a surrogate for sediment concentration. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-42-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 283 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BY86U UT WOS:000189482300002 ER PT J AU Tan, HP Callahan, FE Zhang, XD Karaca, M Saha, S Jenkins, JN Creech, RG AF Tan, HP Callahan, FE Zhang, XD Karaca, M Saha, S Jenkins, JN Creech, RG TI Identification of resistance gene analogs in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cotton; gene markers; nucleotide binding site; polymerase chain reaction; resistance gene analogs ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SITE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; RUST RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MICROBE INTERACTIONS; HOMOLOGS; SUPERFAMILY; PROTEIN AB Sequence analyses of numerous plant disease resistance genes have revealed the presence of conserved motifs common to this class of genes, namely a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine rich repeat region. In this study, thirty-three resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were cloned and sequenced from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) following PCR with degenerate primers designed from the conserved NBS motif of plant resistance (R) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences grouped the RGAs into four distinct classes from which several subgroups were delineated based on nucleic acid sequences. Gene database searches with the consensus protein sequences of each of the four classes and respective subgroups of cotton RGAs revealed their conserved NBS domains and homology to RGAs and known resistance genes from a variety of plant genera. Given the complete lack of knowledge regarding molecular organization of R genes in cotton, the cloned RGAs described here may be useful as probes to map, characterize, and manipulate R genes of the cotton genome. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Callahan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Karaca, Mehmet/C-2683-2009 OI Karaca, Mehmet/0000-0003-3219-9109 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1023/A:1026114327168 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 732TR UT WOS:000185962100001 ER PT J AU Jauhar, PP AF Jauhar, PP TI Formation of 2n gametes in durum wheat haploids: Sexual polyploidization SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Allopolyploidy (alloploidy); amphihaploid; cataclysmic evolution; first division restitution (FDR); fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH); homoeologous chromosomes; mciotic doubling; meiotic non-reduction; Ph1; the sex paradox; unreduced gametes ID TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; GENETIC-CONTROL; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; MEIOTIC MUTANTS; CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DIVISION RESTITUTION; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; A-GENOME; MAIZE; POTATO AB Allopolyploidy, resulting from interspecific and intergeneric hybridization accompanied by sexual doubling of chromosomes, has played a major role in the evolution of crop plants that sustain humankind. The allopolyploid species. including durum wheat, bread wheat, and oat, have developed a genetic control of chromosome pairing that confers on them meiotic regularity (diploid-like chromosome pairing), and hence reproductive stability, and disomic inheritance. Being natural hybrids, they enjoy the benefits of hybridity as well as polyploidy that make them highly adaptable to diverse environments. Despite the complexities of sexual reproduction, it is widespread among plants and animals. Sexual polyploids are highly successful in nature. Sexual polyploidization is far more efficient than somatic chromosome doubling. Sexual polyploidization effected by functioning of unreduced (2n) gametes in the parental species or in their hybrids has been instrumental in producing our grain, fiber, and oilseed crops. Evidence is presented for the occurrence of sexual polyploidization in durum haploids. The Ph1-induced failure of homoeologous pairing is an important factor in the formation of first division restitution (FDR) nuclei and 2n gametes. The evolutionary and breeding significance of sexual polyploidization is discussed. It is emphasized that three factors, viz., sexual reproduction, allopolyploidy, and genetic control of chromosome pairing, jointly constitute a perfect recipe for cataclysmic evolution in nature. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 77 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1023/A:1025692422665 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 731QM UT WOS:000185898000009 ER PT J AU Rakshit, S Winter, P Tekeoglu, M Munoz, JJ Pfaff, T Benko-Iseppon, AM Muehlbauer, FJ Kahl, G AF Rakshit, S Winter, P Tekeoglu, M Munoz, JJ Pfaff, T Benko-Iseppon, AM Muehlbauer, FJ Kahl, G TI DAF marker tightly linked to a major locus for Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta rabiei; chickpea; disease resistance; DNA amplification fingerprinting; genetic map ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PRIMERS; GENES; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; LENTIL AB Resistance of chickpea against the disease caused by the ascomycete Ascochyta rabiei is encoded by two or three quantitative trait loci, QTL1, QTL2 and QTL3. A total of 94 recombinant inbred lines developed from a wide cross between a resistant chickpea line and a susceptible accession of Cicer reticulatum, a close relative of cultivated chickpea, was used to identify markers closely linked to QTL1 by DNA amplification fingerprinting in combination with bulked segregant analysis. Of 312 random 10mer oligonucleotides, 3 produced five polymorphic bands between the parents and bulks. Two of them were transferred to the population on which the recent genetic map of chickpea is based, and mapped to linkage group 4. These markers, OPS06-1 and OPS03-1, were linked at LOD-scores above 5 to markers UBC733B and UBC181A flanking the major ascochyta resistance locus. OPS06-1 mapped at the peak of the QTL between markers UBC733B (distance 4.1 cM) and UBC181A (distance 9.6 cM), while OPS03-1 mapped 25.1 cM away from marker UBC733B on the other flank of the resistance locus. STMS markers localised on this linkage group were transferred to the population segregating for ascochyta resistance. Three of these markers were closely linked to QTL1. Twelve of 14 STMS markers could be used in both populations. The order of STMS markers was essentially similar in both populations, with differences in map distances between them. The availability of flanking STMS markers for the major resistance locus QTL1 will help to elucidate the complex resistance against different Ascochyta pathotypes in future. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Bioctr, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Indian Inst Pulses Res, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India. Colegio Posgrad, Montecillo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. Univ Fed Pernambuco, CCB, Recife, PE, Brazil. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kahl, G (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Bioctr, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1023/A:1024681422799 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 699TF UT WOS:000184071500003 ER PT J AU Owuoche, JO Sears, RG Brown-Guedira, GL Gill, BS Fritz, AK AF Owuoche, JO Sears, RG Brown-Guedira, GL Gill, BS Fritz, AK TI Heterotic effects of wheat-rye chromosomal translocations on agronomic traits of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under an adequate moisture regime SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE heterosis; Secale cereale; Triticum aestivum; wheat-rye translocation ID WINTER-WHEAT; POWDERY MILDEW; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; PROGRAMS; CROSS; 1RS AB Translocated chromosomes T1BL.1RS and T1AL.1RS have been widely used in many wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to develop high yielding cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the heterotic effects of T1BL.1RS + T1AL.1RS, T1BL.1RS, and T1AL.1RS on yield and yield components of hybrid wheat grown under adequate moisture regimes. Thirteen hybrid wheats and seven parents with different chromosome constitutions relative to T1AL.1RS and T1BL.1RS were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Variable performance was observed among the hybrids tested. Two of the three hybrids with T1BL.1RS + T1AL.1RS, produced 25.26% and 44.64% more grain than the hybrids with only T1BL.1RS. This was due to increased biomass, harvest index (HI) and spike density. However, the combination of these two translocations resulted in reduced kernels/spike, spikelets/spike and spike length compared to the T1BL.1RS translocation alone. When comparing closely related parents, the parent with T1AL.1RS produced 23.51% more grain yield than the non-translocated parent. The presence of T1AL.1RS resulted in 10.37% heterotic advantage for yield due to increased biomass, KW, and spike density. When the two wheat-rye translocated chromosomes are present in the same hybrid, T1AL.1RS seems to have a positive effect on yield through spike density and HI, but masks the effects of T1BL.1RS for some agronomic traits. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fritz, AK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1023/A:1024632619171 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 699TF UT WOS:000184071500008 ER PT J AU Kita, M Endo, T Shimada, T Moriguchi, T Hirata, Y Hasegawa, S Omura, M AF Kita, M Endo, T Shimada, T Moriguchi, T Hirata, Y Hasegawa, S Omura, M TI Allelic structures of UDP-glucose : limonoid glucosyltransferase affect limonoid bitterness in Citrus unshiu and C-sinensis SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE allele; Citrus; genetic marker; glucosyltransferase; limonoid ID FRUIT; INHIBITION; TISSUES; MICE; RNA AB To develop a molecular indicator for determining the level of limonoid bitterness in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and navel orange (C. sinensis), the genetic background of the transcription of the limonoid glucosyltransferase gene was characterized in relation to the accumulation of non-bitter limonoid glucosides. Two types of cDNA clones (CitLGT-1 and CitLGT-2) encoding limonoid glucosyltransferase were isolated and characterized. The relationships between the gene expression patterns of CitLGTs and the non-bitter limonoid glucoside accumulation as well as the allelic structures of CitLGTs were determined. Southern blot analysis and segregation analysis of the progenies between Satsuma mandarin and tangor (C. unshiu x C. sinensis) indicated that CitLGT-1 and CitLGT-2 are transcribed from the alleles in a single locus. The genotype of the CitLGT locus in navel orange is homozygous for CitLGT-1 (CitLGT-1/CitLGT-1), whereas that in Satsuma mandarin is heterozygous for CitLGT-1 and CitLGT-2 (CitLGT-1/CitLGT-2). The levels of non-bitter limonoid glucosides in navel orange fruit were quite low at the early-to mid-developmental stage due to a defective CitLGT-2, whereas both non-bitter limonoid glucoside content and CitLGT-2 expression in Satsuma mandarin fruit were high throughout fruit development. These results indicate that the expression of CitLGT-2 is a prerequisite for the accumulation of non-bitter limonoid glucosides at the early-to mid-developmental stage of fruit. The allelism of the two CitLGTs, that is, whether the CitLGT-2 is present or not, is a useful molecular indicator for predetermining the levels of accumulation of non-bitter limonoid glucosides at the early- to mid-developmental stages of Satsuma mandarin and navel orange fruits. C1 Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citriculture, Shizuoka 4240292, Japan. Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Plant Cell & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058605, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, United Grad Sch, Tokyo 1830054, Japan. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kita, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citriculture, Shizuoka 4240292, Japan. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1023/A:1024603114997 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 699TF UT WOS:000184071500010 ER PT J AU Steiger, DL Moore, PH Zee, F Liu, ZY Ming, R AF Steiger, DL Moore, PH Zee, F Liu, ZY Ming, R TI Genetic relationships of macadamia cultivars and species revealed by AFLP markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; germplasm; genetic diversity; molecular phylogeny; polymorphism ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ECOTYPES; DIVERSITY; RFLP; RAPDS; SSRS; RICE AB World production of macadamia nuts is based on two species, the smooth shell Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, and the rough shell Macadamia tetraphylla L. A. S. Johnson, and their hybrids. One hundred and five AFLP markers were used to analyze 26 macadamia accessions representing four species: M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, M. ternifolia, and M. hildebrandii as well as a wild relative, Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia (rose nut). Each macadamia accession showed distinct AFLP fingerprints indicating a significant level of genetic variation in this macadamia germplasm collection. The four Macadamia species included in this study were clearly separated using cluster analysis with AFLP marker data. Based on a single accession, the separation of M. ternifolia from M. integrifolia suggested the relatively distant genetic relationship between these two species and casts doubts on the notion that the M. ternifolia may be a variant of M. integrifolia. Within the major cluster of M. integrifolia, nine established smooth shell cultivars were separated into two sub-clusters, suggesting the heterozygous nature of the original gene pool that had contributed to macadamia variety improvement programs. M. hildebrandii and H. pinnatifolia formed a distinct cluster and shared dramatically less genetic similarity with the other Macadamia species. Additional data would be needed to clarify the phylogenetic nature and status of M. hildebrandii in the genus Macadamia. C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. ARS, USDA, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 132 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1023/A:1025025522276 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 708UU UT WOS:000184588700005 ER PT J AU Riday, H Brummer, EC Campbell, TA Luth, D Cazcarro, PM AF Riday, H Brummer, EC Campbell, TA Luth, D Cazcarro, PM TI Comparisons of genetic and morphological distance with heterosis between Medicago sativa subsp sativa and subsp falcata SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; falcata; genetic distance; heterosis; morphological distance ID DNA MARKERS; ALFALFA POPULATIONS; HYBRID PERFORMANCE; TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; FORAGE QUALITY; RAPD MARKERS; HETEROZYGOSITY; REGISTRATION; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS AB Biomass yield heterosis has been shown to exist between Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and Medicago sativa subsp. falcata. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of what morphological and genetic factors were most highly correlated with total biomass yield heterosis. We calculated genetic distances among nine sativa and five falcata genotypes based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers. Genetic distance did not correlate with specific combining ability (SCA) or mid-parent heterosis. In contrast, a morphological distance matrix based on seventeen agronomic and forage quality traits was significantly correlated with heterosis; the agronomic traits of maturity, midseason regrowth, and autumn regrowth showed strong association with heterosis. Heterosis was also correlated with subspecies. We suggest that in many cases progeny heterosis can be accounted for by the interaction of genes controlling morphologically divergent traits between the parents. In other cases, progeny heterosis could also be due to divergence between the parents at particular genetic loci that do not control field-level phenotypic differences. Genetic distance per se between parental genotypes, based on neutral molecular markers, however, does not reflect the potential of individual genotypes to produce heterosis in their progeny. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 44 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 131 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1023050126901 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 663KJ UT WOS:000182004500004 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Coyne, DP Grafton, KF Mutlu, N Reiser, J Lindgren, DT Singh, SP AF Miklas, PN Coyne, DP Grafton, KF Mutlu, N Reiser, J Lindgren, DT Singh, SP TI A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No. 5 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus acutifolius; P. vulgaris; SCAR marker; tepary bean; Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TEPARY BEANS; LINKAGE MAP; INHERITANCE; HYBRIDS; MARKERS AB Knowledge of the evolutionary origin and sources of pest resistance genes will facilitate gene deployment and development of crop cultivars with durable resistance. Our objective was to determine the source of common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in the common bean Great Northern Nebraska #1 (GN#1) and GN#1 Selection 27 (GN#1 Sel 27). Several great northern cultivars including GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27, and Montana No. 5 (the female parent of the common x tepary bean interspecific population from which GN# 1 and GN #1 Sel 27 were derived) and known susceptible checks were evaluated for CBB reaction in field and greenhouse environments. These genotypes and CBB resistant and susceptible tepary bean including Tepary #4, the male parent and presumed contributor of CBB resistance to GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27, were assayed for presence or absence of three SCAR markers tightly linked with independent QTLs conditioning CBB resistance. The parents and F-2 of Montana No. 5/GN#1 Sel 27 and Montana No. 5/Othello (CBB susceptible) were screened for CBB reaction and SCAR markers. CBB resistance in Montana No. 5 was comparable to that of GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27. The SAP6 SCAR marker present in GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27 was also present in Montana No. 5, and it co-segregated (R-2 = 35%) with the CBB resistance in the Montana No. 5/Othello F-2 population. Although a few CBB resistant and susceptible transgressive segregants were found in the F2 of Montana No. 5/GN#1 Sel 27 and later confirmed by F-3 progeny tests, SAP6 SCAR marker was present in all progenies. None of the tepary bean specific CBB resistance-linked SCAR markers were present in GN#1, GN# 1 Sel 27, or Montana No. 5. A cluster analysis of 169 polymorphic PCR-based markers across three common bean and Tepary #4 indicated that GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27, and Montana No. 5 were closely related, and not related at all with Tepary #4. Thus, these results clearly indicate Montana No. 5, not Tepary #4, as the source of CBB resistance in GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27. C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Nebraska, Western Reg Expt Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RI Mutlu, Nedim/B-9280-2016 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 131 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1023064814531 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 663KJ UT WOS:000182004500016 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Luo, XD Staub, JE Jahn, MM Qian, CT Zhuang, FY Ren, G AF Chen, JF Luo, XD Staub, JE Jahn, MM Qian, CT Zhuang, FY Ren, G TI An allotriploid derived from a amphidiploid x diploid mating in Cucumis - I: Production, micropropagation and verification SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE allotriploid; interspecific hybridization; Cucumis; genetic bridge ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; SATIVUS L. AB A fully fertile interspecific hybrid (Cucumis hytivus Chen and Kirkbride, 2n = 4x = 38) between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24) and C. sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14) was previously produced by means of F-1 (2n = 19) embryo rescue and subsequent chromosome doubling. This amphidiploid, a new synthetic species, may serve as a genetic bridge in Cucumis, and thus is a source for broadening the genetic base of C. sativus. The identification and characterization of fertile progeny possessing lower ploidy levels would facilitate bridging among Cucumis species. Putative allotriploids (2n = 26) were recovered from C. hytivus x C. sativus matings by means of embryo culture, and experiments were designed to confirm their genetic constitution, describe their morphology, and establish an efficient protocol for their micropropagation. Apical and axillary buds of these putative allotriploid plants were used as explants to establish a micropropagation system for subsequent verification and characterization of ploidy. Of the array of micropropagation media tested, the most effective for the induction of adventitious buds (desginated Stage II) was a Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth media containing 13.3 muM BA + 1.1 muM NAA or containing 10 mum BA only. The mean number of adventitious buds per explant in the two media was 6.8 and 6.5, respectively. Shoots resulting from adventitious buds produced roots (Stage III) in relative abundance (39 of 42, 92.8%) on half-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mum IBA. The survivorship of rooted plantlets after acclimatization as assessed by relative production of leaves in plantlets (designated Stage IV) was 91.4% (148 of 162). The chromosome number in putative allotriploid plants as determined in mitotic root tip figures in all plants was 2n = 26, the number expected for allotriploids derived from such a mating. An examination of pollen viability in five samples of each plant by cytochemical staining revealed stainability to be < 10%. Compared to their parents, the allotriploid genotypes possess a high degree of parthenocarpy (84.8%) as measured by setting fruit in pollen-free conditions. While allotriploid fruit are black-spined and similar to the maternal parent C. hytivus, the dark green leaves typical of allotriploid plants mirrors that of the paternal C. sativus parent. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1023/A:1023966529997 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 683AU UT WOS:000183125200010 ER PT J AU Larkin, PD McClung, AM Ayres, NM Park, WD AF Larkin, PD McClung, AM Ayres, NM Park, WD TI The effect of the Waxy locus (Granule Bound Starch Synthase) on pasting curve characteristics in specialty rices (Oryza sativa L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE molecular markers; rice; starch; starch synthase; Waxy ID VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTICS; COOKED-RICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MILLED-RICE; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; TEXTURE; REGISTRATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; BIOGENESIS AB Starch structure and functionality have a significant impact on the utilization of cereal grains as food and feed. Starch viscosity characteristics are used to characterize rice cooking, processing and eating quality. In order to examine the genetics of viscosity characteristics, we developed molecular markers for five of the major enzymes involved in starch synthesis in the endosperm: granule bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, rice branching enzymes 1 and 3 and starch debranching enzyme. These markers were polymorphic in a cross between specialty rice varieties of diverging amylose content and viscosity characteristics. Our results indicate that the Waxy locus, encoding the gene for granule bound starch synthase, has a significant effect on peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosity. We estimate that the tightly linked (5-10 cm) locus for starch synthase may have a lesser, additive effect. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Norman Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvement, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Larkin, PD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 131 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1023/A:1023962406605 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 683AU UT WOS:000183125200011 ER PT J AU Hijmans, RJ Jacobs, M Bamberg, JB Spooner, DM AF Hijmans, RJ Jacobs, M Bamberg, JB Spooner, DM TI Frost tolerance in wild potato species: Assessing the predictivity of taxonomic, geographic, and ecological factors SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic resources; GIS; Solanum; traits; wild crop relatives ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; SERIES RELATIONSHIPS; INSECT RESISTANCE; REEXAMINATION; ASSOCIATIONS; SOLANACEAE AB The use of genetic resources could be more effective and efficient if we were able to predict the presence or absence of useful traits in different populations or accessions. We analyzed the extent to which taxonomic, geographic and ecological factors can predict the presence of frost tolerance in wild potatoes. We used screening data for 1646 samples from 87 species that had been collected in 12 countries in the Americas. There was a strong association of frost tolerance with species and to a lesser extent with taxonomic series. There was significant geographic clustering of areas with wild potatoes with similar levels of frost tolerance. Areas with a high level of frost tolerance are the central and southern Peruvian Andes, the lowlands of Argentina and adjacent areas, and a small area in the central Chilean Andes. There is a greater chance of finding wild potatoes with high levels of frost tolerance in areas with a yearly mean minimum temperature below 3 C than there is in warmer areas. However, temperature is only a weak predictor of frost tolerance. Temperature data alone did not predict observed frost tolerance in eastern Argentina/Uruguay and falsely predicted it in the southwestern United States. Because many wild potato species occur over small areas, taxonomic, ecological, and geographical factors are difficult to disentangle. C1 Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Interreg Potato Intro Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hijmans, RJ (reprint author), Int Potato Ctr, Apartado 1558, Lima, Peru. RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1023/A:1022344327669 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 644XV UT WOS:000180947100006 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Kofoid, KD AF Pedersen, JF Kofoid, KD TI Variability and relationships among 12-hour IVDMD, starch, oil, protein, and physical characteristics of 16 sorghum conversion lines SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE digestibility; feed value; grain quality; hardness; sorghum ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; DISAPPEARANCE; AVAILABILITY AB A factor frequently identified as a key to understanding sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] feed value to ruminant animals is rate of starch digestion. Recent research in corn (Zea mays L.) has established a strong ability to predict rumen starch degradation from grain physical and chemical parameters. It was therefore important to determine whether similar relationships could be established in sorghum. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) range of variation for 12-hour in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), chemical, and physical grain quality parameters among 16 sorghum conversion lines; and 2) to establish the strength of the relationships of these characters. Entries were grown at Ithaca, Nebraska in 1991 and 1992 in a randomized complete block with four replications. Line effects were significant for 12-hour IVMVD, crude protein, oil, starch, individual seed weight, and hardness. The only traits significantly correlated with 12-hour IVDMD were crude protein and hardness, with r less than or equal to -0.32 for testa and non-testa-containing lines. Stepwise regression similarly revealed poor predictive ability for any of the traits on 12-hour IVDMD. Unlike corn, prediction of digestibility from simply measured physical parameters was not possible in this set of 16 sorghum lines. However, the lack of strong relationships provides opportunity to select lines with unique combinations of traits for individual targeted needs or markets. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA, ARS,NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA, ARS,NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jfp@unlserve.unl.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 130 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1023/A:1022895326626 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 657WC UT WOS:000181688500015 ER PT J AU Saha, S Karaca, M Jenkins, JN Zipf, AE Reddy, OUK Kantety, RV AF Saha, S Karaca, M Jenkins, JN Zipf, AE Reddy, OUK Kantety, RV TI Simple sequence repeats as useful resources to study transcribed genes of cotton SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cotton; differential display; EST; SSR ID DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; MESSENGER-RNA; MICROSATELLITE; ABUNDANCE AB Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are informative molecular genetic markers in many crop species. SSRs are PCR-based, highly polymorphic, abundant, widely distributed throughout the genome and inherited in a co-dominant manner in most cases. Here we describe the presence of SSRs in cDNAs of cotton. Thirty one SSR primer pairs of 220 (similar to14%) tested led to PCR amplification of discrete fragments using cotton leaf cDNA as template. Sequence analysis showed 25% of 24 randomly selected cDNA clones amplified with different SSR primer pairs contained repeat motifs. We further showed that sequences from the SSR-containing cDNAs were conserved across G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, revealing the importance of the SSR markers for comparative mapping of transcribed genes. Data mining for plant SSR-ESTs from the publicly available databases identified SSRs motifs in many plant species, including cotton, in a range of 1.1 to 4.8% of the submitted ESTs for a given species. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Akdeniz Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Field Crops, TR-07059 Antalya, Turkey. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Alcorn State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Karaca, Mehmet/C-2683-2009 OI Karaca, Mehmet/0000-0003-3219-9109 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 130 IS 3 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1023/A:1023077209170 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 662ZU UT WOS:000181981000007 ER PT J AU Rajesh, PN Sant, VJ Gupta, VS Muehlbauer, FJ Ranjekar, PK AF Rajesh, PN Sant, VJ Gupta, VS Muehlbauer, FJ Ranjekar, PK TI Genetic relationships among annual and perennial wild species of Cicer using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cicer sections; crossability; genetic diversity; species ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RAPD ANALYSIS; RFLP MARKERS; GENUS ORYZA; DNA MARKERS; ARIETINUM-L; CHICKPEA; DIVERSITY; RICE; ISOZYME AB Wild Cicer germplasm is known to have genes for disease resistance, stress tolerance and other important traits, and hence could be exploited for improving cultivated genotypes. However, only few Cicer species are interfertile and it is essential to overcome crossability barriers to utilize the germplasm more effectively. Genetic diversity analysis of Cicer species can give important clues in understanding species relationships and may assist in developing and planning breeding strategies. We selected 6 annual and 7 perennial wild species, which were amplified using 15 ISSR primers and UPGMA and AMOVA were used to evaluate the genetic diversity. On an average, 6.6 polymorphic bands per primer were observed. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA algorithm indicated three major groups of species at the similarity value of 0.60 with many subclusters. The clustering pattern was in agreement with the data based on crossability, seed storage protein, isozyme, allozyme and RAPD marker analysis. The among- population component of annual and perennial groups calculated using AMOVA accounted for 39.00%. Our results suggested that wild annuals of Cicer were not monophyletic in nature. C1 Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ranjekar, PK (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1023/A:1021567821141 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 624DV UT WOS:000179745800003 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Line, RF AF Chen, XM Line, RF TI Identification of genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp hordei in 18 barley genotypes SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetics; Hordeum vulgare; host-pathogen interaction; Puccinia striiformis f. sp hordei; resistance; stripe rust; yellow rust ID STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE AB Barley genotypes Hor 1428, Hor 2926, Hor 3209, BBA 2890, Abyssinian 14, Grannelose Zweizeilige, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei so far detected in the U. S. A. Heils Franken, Cambrinus, Astrix, Emir, Hiproly, Varunda, Trumpf, Mazurka, Bigo, BBA 2890, and I 5 are resistant to some races and susceptible to others. Previous studies showed that Hor 1428, Hor 2926, Hor 3209, Abyssinian 14, Stauffers Obersulzer, I 5, Heils Franken, Emir, Astrix, Hiproly, Varunda, and Trumpf each have two genes, and BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, Cambrinus, Mazurka, Bigo, and BBA 809 each have a single gene for resistance. To determine the genes in specific genotypes and their relationships, all possible crosses were made among the 18 genotypes. Seedlings of parents and F-2 progeny were tested under controlled conditions for resistance to selected races that were avirulent on both parents. Based on segregation within the individual crosses to selected races, at least 26 of 30 genes detected in the 18 genotypes were different. Allelic and linkage relationships of some of the genes were determined. The genetic information should be useful for understanding the host- pathogen interactions and for control of stripe rust using resistance. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1023/A:1021585907493 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 624DV UT WOS:000179745800015 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Poss, JA Wilson, C Draz, ASE Gregorio, GB Grieve, CM AF Zeng, LH Poss, JA Wilson, C Draz, ASE Gregorio, GB Grieve, CM TI Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by physiological characters SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE grain yield; ion selectivity; leaf area; Oryza sativa; salt tolerance; screening ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; SALINITY RESISTANCE; YIELD COMPONENTS; IRRIGATED RICE; NA/CA RATIO; L VARIETIES; GROWTH; POTASSIUM; CULTIVARS AB The use of physiological characters as selection criteria in salt tolerance breeding requires the identification of the contribution each individual character makes to salt tolerance. Rice genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance in terms of grain yield and physiological characters. Plants of twelve genotypes were grown in sand tanks in a greenhouse and irrigated with Yoshida nutrient solution. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride (5:1 molar ratio) were added at two concentrations to give moderate (4.5 dS m(-1)) and high (8.3 dS m(-1)) salinity treatments. One set of plants was harvested at 635degreesC.d (accumulative thermal time) after planting to determine LAI and mineral ion concentrations. Another set of plants was allowed to grow to maturity. High genotypic diversity for LAI and shoot ion contents was observed. LAI contributed the most to the variation of the grain yield under salt stress. Significant correlations between LAI and yield components in both salt-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes further confirmed the significant contribution of LAI to grain yield. K-Na selectivity increased with increasing salinity. Conversely, Na-Ca selectivity decreased with increasing salinity. Significant correlations were identified between grain yield and both Na-Ca and K-Na selectivity. Highly significant (p<0.001) correlations were identified between Na-Ca selectivity and the rankings among genotypes for grain yield. Thus, Na-Ca selectivity could be one salt tolerance component and an useful selection criterion in screening for salt tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Field Crop Res Inst, Giza 12619, Egypt. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM lzeng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2003 VL 129 IS 3 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1022248522536 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 641NB UT WOS:000180749900005 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ AF Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ TI Influence of barometric pressure on odor discrimination and oviposition by adult plum curculios (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conotrachelus nenuphar; plum curculio; barometric pressure; oviposition; olfactory odor discrimination ID HOST FRUIT ODOR; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; APPLE; TRAPS AB We conducted laboratory experiments to elucidate the influence of barometric pressure on odor discrimination and oviposition and feeding behavior of adult female plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst). Barometric pressure had a significant effect on Response Index values (used as a measure of odor discrimination); odor discrimination of hexane-extracted McIntosh fruit volatiles was high when barometric pressure was high. Barometric pressure also had a significant effect on oviposition as females oviposited more during periods of low barometric pressure on a favored host fruit (wild plum). Observed feeding activity of females was not influenced by barometric pressure. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tleskey@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1210-5759 EI 1802-8829 J9 EUR J ENTOMOL JI Eur. J. Entomol. PY 2003 VL 100 IS 4 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 762LX UT WOS:000187974700009 ER PT J AU Tapia-Perez, G Garcia-Vazquez, Z Montaldo, H George, J AF Tapia-Perez, G Garcia-Vazquez, Z Montaldo, H George, J TI Inheritance of resistance to flumethrin in the Mexican Aldama strain of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; cattle tick; crosses; flumethrin; inheritance; resistance ID THURINGIENSIS TOXIN CRY1AC; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; DIAZINON; GENE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance mode of resistance to flumethrin in the Mexican Aldama Boophilus microplus strain. Two Mexican strains were used, the Chiapas susceptible (SS), and the Aldama flumethrin-resistant from Tamaulipas. Six steers weighing ca. 250 kg were randomly assigned for each of six crosses: the susceptible (SS), resistant (RR), and the F(1) (RS, SR) reciprocal crosses and F(2) (RS x RS and SR x SR). The reciprocal crosses were made to evaluate maternal and sex linkage effects. Bioassays tested resistant and susceptible larvae along with their hybrid F(1) and F(2) progeny against a series of concentrations of flumethrin (0, 0.0075, 0.00150, 0.00300, 0.00600 and 0.01200 mug/g). To test the single-gene hypothesis of resistance, a nonparametric line-cross test proposed by Collins was used. The bioassay data were subjected to probit analysis and the resistance factor and effective dominance obtained. Results of this study indicated that inheritance for flumethrin resistance in the Aldama strain was autosomal and controlled for more than one gene. The F(1) and F(2) larvae had similar lower resistant factor (RF 2.8 - 4.5) while the resistant Aldama strain was 21-fold higher (RF 81.8) than the mean of the F(1) and F(2). The extent of flumethrin resistance in the Aldama B. microplus strain depended upon the concentration of the pesticide used. Resistance was almost dominant at the lowest dose while almost completely recessive at the highest dose. Maternal effects were shown for egg-mass. These results shown here indicate more than one gene basis of flumethrin resistance in B. microplus ticks are present. Therefore it is necessary to locate and understand the major loci for elucidate the mechanism of resistance and improve the ability to track and delay the evolution of resistance. C1 Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID PAVET, CIVAC, Morelia 62550, Michoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Genet, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Garcia-Vazquez, Z (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID PAVET, CIVAC, Apartado Postal 206, Morelia 62550, Michoacan, Mexico. EM garciaz@pavet.inifap.conacyt.mx NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1023/B:APPA.0000005143.90681.82 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 746RA UT WOS:000186759700013 PM 14756408 ER PT J AU Welbourn, WC Ochoa, R Kane, EC Erbe, EF AF Welbourn, WC Ochoa, R Kane, EC Erbe, EF TI Morphological observations on Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari : Tenuipalpidae) including comparisons with B-californicus and B-obovatus SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE false spider mites; flat mites; morphology; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy ID MITES AB The genus Brevipalpus has over 300 species worldwide. The three most important agricultural pest species in the genus, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu, and B. phoenicis (Geijskes), have been consistently confused and misidentified for more than 50 years. The present study provides a discussion of the characters and character states used to separate these mites. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy techniques were used to illustrate the subtle morphological differences between these three species. Morphology of the dorsal propodosoma, opisthosoma, and leg chaetotaxy of all three species was examined and compared. The number of dorsal setae, the number of solenidia (omega) on tarsus II, and dorsal cuticular patterns were the most important characters in the identification of Brevipalpus species. B. phoenicis is similar to B. californicus in having two omega on tarsus leg II and different from B. obovatus which has only one omega on tarsus leg II and similar to B. obovatus in having only one pair of F setae (f(3)), but differing from B. californicus which has two pairs of F setae (f(2-3)). The dorsal opisthosomal and propodisomal cuticular patterns frequently used to distinguish between these three species are useful but one must be aware that age, feeding, and mounting techniques can affect the appearance of these characters. C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Electron Microscopy Unit, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA,PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Welbourn, WC (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 60 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 133 DI 10.1023/B:APPA.0000006545.40017.a0 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 750BU UT WOS:000186972100004 PM 14756413 ER PT J AU Childers, CC Rodrigues, JCV Derrick, KS Achor, DS French, JV Welbourn, WC Ochoa, R Kitajima, EW AF Childers, CC Rodrigues, JCV Derrick, KS Achor, DS French, JV Welbourn, WC Ochoa, R Kitajima, EW TI Citrus leprosis and its status in Florida and Texas: past and present SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Tenuipalpidae; Brevipalpus; false spider mites; Rhabdoviridae ID TENUIPALPIDAE; ACARI AB According to published reports from 1906 to 1968, leprosis nearly destroyed the Florida citrus industry prior to 1925. This was supported with photographs showing typical leprosis symptoms on citrus leaves, fruit, and twigs. Support for the past occurrence of citrus leprosis in Florida includes: (1) presence of twig lesions in affected orange blocks in addition to lesions on fruits and leaves and corresponding absence of similar lesions on grapefruit; ( 2) yield reduction and die-back on infected trees; and ( 3) spread of the disease between 1906 and 1925. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of tissue samples from leprosis-like injuries to orange and grapefruit leaves from Florida in 1997, and fruits from grapefruit and sweet orange varieties from Texas in 1999 and 2000 did not contain leprosis-like viral particles or viroplasm inclusions. In contrast, leprosis viroplasm inclusions were readily identified by TEM within green non-senescent tissues surrounding leprosis lesions in two of every three orange leaf samples and half of the fruit samples obtained from Piracicaba, Brazil. Symptoms of leprosis were not seen in any of the 24,555 orange trees examined across Florida during 2001 and 2002. The authors conclude that citrus leprosis no longer exists in Florida nor occurs in Texas citrus based on: (1) lack of leprosis symptoms on leaves, fruit, and twigs of sweet orange citrus varieties surveyed in Florida; (2) failure to find virus particles or viroplasm inclusion bodies in suspect samples from both Florida and Texas examined by TEM; (3) absence of documented reports by others on the presence of characteristic leprosis symptoms in Florida; (4) lack of its documented occurrence in dooryard trees or abandoned or minimal pesticide citrus orchard sites in Florida. In view of the serious threat to citrus in the U. S., every effort must be taken to quarantine the importation of both citrus and woody ornamental plants that serve as hosts for Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), B. californicus (Banks), and B. obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from countries where citrus leprosis occurs. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, NAP Fitopatol, BR-12418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Childers, CC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RI Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/B-5150-2008; Kitajima, Elliot/C-2764-2012; OI Kitajima, Elliot/0000-0002-9138-2918; Verle Rodrigues, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-2537-3167 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 202 DI 10.1023/B:APPA.0000006548.01625.72 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 750BU UT WOS:000186972100007 PM 14756416 ER PT J AU Draghia-Akli, R Ellis, KM Hill, LA Malone, PB Fiorotto, ML AF Draghia-Akli, R Ellis, KM Hill, LA Malone, PB Fiorotto, ML TI High-efficiency growth hormone releasing hormone plasmid vector administration into skeletal muscle mediated by electroporation in pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GHRH; GH; IGF-I; plasmid DNA; body composition ID IN-VIVO ELECTROPORATION; HUMAN PANCREATIC TUMOR; GENE-TRANSFER; NAKED DNA; SECRETION; DELIVERY; ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION; ELECTROTRANSFER; THERAPY; MICE AB We report here a very efficient method for the in vivo transfer of therapeutic plasmid DNA into porcine muscle fibers by using electric pulses of low field intensity. We evaluated delivery of 0.1-3 mg of plasmid vectors that encode reporter secreted-embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) or therapeutic growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). Reporter gene studies showed that internal needle electrodes give a 25-fold increase in expression levels compared with caliper electrodes in skeletal muscle in swine. Dose and time courses were performed. Pigs injected with 0.1 mg plasmid had significantly greater weight gain than controls over 53 days (22.4 +/- 0.8 kg vs. 19.7 +/- 0.03 kg, respectively; P<0.01). The group treated with GHRH-expressing plasmid at 14 days of age demonstrated greater weight gain than controls at every time point (25.8 +/- 1.5 kg vs. 19.7 +/- 0.03 kg; P<0.01). Body composition studies by dual X-ray absorbitometry showed a 22% decrease in fat deposition (P<0.05) and a 10% increase in bone mineral density (P<0.004). Our studies demonstrate that by optimizing the electroporation method, favorable physiological changes, such as enhanced weight gain and improved body composition, can be obtained at extremely low plasmid doses in a large mammal. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Cell & Gene Therapy, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Appl Vet Syst Inc, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Children Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Draghia-Akli, R (reprint author), Advisys Inc, 2700 Res Forest Dr,Suite 180, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM ruxandradraghia@advisys.net NR 38 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 526 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.02-0671fje PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 653TT UT WOS:000181453700031 PM 12514110 ER PT S AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC BE Saha, BC TI Commodity chemicals production by fermentation: An overview SO FERMENTATION BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fermentation Process Development CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID LACTIC-ACID PRODUCTION; RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RHIZOPUS-ORYZAE; FERULIC ACID; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; L-ARABINOSE; ERYTHRITOL PRODUCTION; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS AB Various commodity chemicals such as alcohols, polyols, organic acids, amino acids, polysaccharides, biodegradable plastic components, and industrial enzymes can be produced by fermentation. This overview focuses on recent research progress in the production of a few chemicals: ethanol, 1,3-propanediol, lactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, exopolysaccharides and vanillin. The problems and prospects of cost-effective commodity chemical production by fermentation and future directions of research are presented. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3845-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 862 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BX98C UT WOS:000187119100001 ER PT S AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC BE Saha, BC TI Production of mannitol by fermentation SO FERMENTATION BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Fermentation Process Development CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ASPERGILLUS-CANDIDUS; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; D-ARABITOL; FRUCTOSE; METABOLISM; ERYTHRITOL AB Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol or sugar alcohol, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine, and chemical industries. The production of mannitol by fermentation has become attractive because of the problems associated with its production chemically. A number of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi are known to produce mannitol. In this article, research dealing with mannitol production by fermentation using lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and fungi is presented. Several heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria are excellent producers of mannitol using fructose as an electron acceptor. Recent progress in the production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology as well as downstream processing of mannitol are described. The problems and prospects for mannitol production by fermentation,and enzymatic means and future directions of research are highlighted. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3845-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 862 BP 67 EP 85 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BX98C UT WOS:000187119100005 ER PT J AU Congleton, JL Biga, PR Peterson, BC AF Congleton, JL Biga, PR Peterson, BC TI Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrating from the Snake River Basin, USA SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Columbia River; dams; fasting; feeding; food deprivation; hydroelectric; IGF-1; smoltification; Snake River ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; GILL NA+,K+-ATPASE; HORMONE; KISUTCH; SMOLTIFICATION; CORTISOL AB During the parr-to-smolt transformation (smoltification) of juvenile salmonids, preadaptive changes in osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory ability are regulated in part by the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. If food intake is sufficient, plasma IGF-I increases during smoltification. On the other hand, plasma IGF-I typically decreases in fasting fish and other vertebrate animals. Because food availability is limited for juvenile salmonids undertaking an extended 6- to 12-week spring migration to and through the Snake-Columbia River hydropower system ( northwestern USA), IGF-I concentrations might be expected to decrease, potentially compromising seawater tolerance. To address this possibility, yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared in three Snake River Basin hatcheries were sampled before release and at two downstream dams. Dry masses of migrating fish either did not increase during the migration ( in 2000, an average-flow year), or decreased significantly ( in 2001, a low-flow year). In both years, plasma IGF-I levels were significantly higher (1.6-fold in 2000, 3.7-fold in 2001) for fish sampled at the last dam on the lower Columbia River than for fish sampled prior to release. Plasma IGF-I concentrations in migrating fish may, nonetheless, have been nutritionally down-regulated to some degree, because plasma IGF-I concentrations in juvenile chinook salmon captured at a Snake River dam and transported to the laboratory increased in fed groups, but decreased in unfed groups. The ability of migrating smolts to maintain relatively elevated IGF-I levels despite restricted food intake and loss of body mass is likely related to smoltification-associated changes in hormonal balance. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Congleton, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jcong-let@uidaho.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000035895.21012.61 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 840RP UT WOS:000222877300006 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Relationship between dietary lipid source, oxidative stress, and the physiological response to stress in sub-yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; dietary oil; fatty acid; lipid peroxidation; stress response ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PEROXIDE VALUES; FOOD LIPIDS; SALAR; BRAIN; METABOLISM; TISSUES; TROUT AB Relationships between dietary lipid source, stress, and oxidative stress were examined in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Four different experimental diets were used: menhaden oil (MHO; elevated 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3), soybean oil (SBO; elevated 18:2n-6), linseed oil (LSO; elevated 18:3n-3), and a mixture of 55% linseed oil and 45% soybean oil (MIX; approximately equal levels of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3). Juvenile salmon (initial body weight of 16.0 g) were fed experimental diets for 12 weeks (early March to early June). At the end of feeding, fish subjected to a low-water stressor for 96 h had greater liver and brain lipid peroxidation compared to unstressed controls; peroxidation was not influenced by diet. Diet and stress affected plasma cortisol levels. Stressed fish fed SBO had the greatest cortisol concentrations, followed by MIX, MHO, and LSO (mean concentrations for the SBO and LSO diets differed significantly). The cortisol response to stress may have been influenced by the ratio of prostaglandin 1- and 2- series to prostaglandin 3-series precursor fatty acids provided by the different diets. The results of this study suggest a connection between the physiological response to stress, dietary lipid quality, and oxidative stress. This is the first evidence of such a relationship in fish. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000045724.93156.ef PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 865KS UT WOS:000224702300004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, CV Hiramatsu, N Kennedy, AM Clark, RW Weber, GM Matsubara, T Hara, A AF Sullivan, CV Hiramatsu, N Kennedy, AM Clark, RW Weber, GM Matsubara, T Hara, A TI Induced maturation and spawning: opportunities and applications for research on oogenesis SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN DE atresia; aquaculture; oocyte maturation; ovarian follicle; teleost; vitellogenin ID FINAL OOCYTE MATURATION; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; VERASPER-MOSERI; BARFIN FLOUNDER; TROUT OOCYTES; SPARUS-AURATA; YOLK PROTEINS; FISH AB Broodstock management requires the ability to detect and regulate oocyte growth, acquisition of maturational competence, maturation of oocytes, and onset of ovarian atresia. Our research on temperate basses ( genus Morone) has supported development of these capabilities. These investigations have revealed that accumulation of neutral lipid droplets and deposition of vitellogenin-derived yolk proteins in growing oocytes are independent processes with different sensitivities to changing day length and water temperature. In these fishes, completion of oocyte growth is marked by disappearance of vitellogenin from ovarian biopsy samples. Competence of females for induced spawning is predicted by the ability of biopsied follicles to initiate oocyte meiosis in vitro in response to insulin-like growth factor I. Cytoplasmic maturation of the oocytes is triggered by the maturation-inducing steroid hormone and can be monitored by evaluating degradation of the yolk proteins. Onset of ovarian atresia is indicated by the appearance of edema in the granulosa cell layer of biopsied follicles, and can be delayed for months by holding gravid females at abnormally low temperature ('cold banking'). These novel findings hold strong promise for application to other farmed fishes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Hokkaido Nat Fisheries Res Inst, Resource Enhancement Sect, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Dept Marine Biol Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0410821, Japan. RP Sullivan, CV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030635.92568.0a PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400172 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Henika, PR Mackey, BE AF Friedman, M Henika, PR Mackey, BE TI Effect of feeding solanidine, solasodine and tomatidine to non-pregnant and pregnant mice SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding studies; hepatomegaly; pregnant mice; solanidine; solasodine; tomatidine ID UDP-GLUCOSE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; ALPHA-CHACONINE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; FROG EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS; HUMAN-PLASMA; INHIBITION AB The aglycone forms of three steroidal glycoalkaloids-solanidine (derived by hydrolytic removal of the carbohydrate side chain from the potato glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine), solasodine (derived from solasonine in eggplants) and tomatidine (derived from alpha-tomatine in tomatoes)-were evaluated for their effects on liver weight increase (hepatomegaly) in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and on fecundity in pregnant mice fed for 14 days on a diet containing 2.4 mmol/kg of aglycone. In non-pregnant mice, observed ratios of % liver weights to body weights (%LW/BWs) were significantly greater than those of the control values as follows (all values in % vs matched controls +/- S.D.): solanidine, 25.5 +/- 13.2; solasodine 16.8 +/- 12.0; and tomatidine, 6.0 +/- 7.1. The corresponding increases in pregnant mice were: solanidine, 5.3 +/- 10.7; solasodine, 33.1 +/- 15.1; tomatidine, 8.4 +/- 9.1. For pregnant mice (a) body weight gains were less with the algycones than with controls: solanidine, -36.1 +/- 14.5; solasodine, -17.9 +/- 14.3; tomatidine, -11.9 +/- 18.1; (b) litter weights were less than controls: solanidine, -27.0 +/- 17.1; solasodine, -15.5 +/- 16.8; tomatidine, no difference; (c) the %LTW/BW ratio was less than that of the controls and was significant only for solasodine, -8.7 +/- 13.7; and (d) the average weight of the fetuses was less than the controls: solanidine, -11.2 +/- 15.2; solasodine, -11.4 +/- 9.4; tomatidine, no difference. Abortion of fetuses occurred in five of 24 pregnant mice on the solanidine and none on the other diets. To obtain evidence for possible mechanisms of the observed in vivo effects, the four glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solasonine and alpha-tomatine) mentioned above and the aglycones solanidine and tomatidine were also evaluated in in vitro assays for estrogenic activity. Only solanidine at 10 pm concentration exhibited an increase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Generally, the biological effects of solanidine differ from those of the. parent potato glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of these effects and the implication of the results for food safety and plant physiology are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 57 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 AR PII S0278-6915(02)00205-3 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00205-3 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 629DZ UT WOS:000180036300008 PM 12453729 ER PT S AU Konuklar, G Carriere, CJ Otaigbe, J AF Konuklar, G Carriere, CJ Otaigbe, J BE Dickinson, E VanVliet, T TI Macrostructure and viscosity of aggregating colloidal casein micelles under strong shearing forces SO FOOD COLLOIDS, BIOPOLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food Colloids, Biopolymers and Materials CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Wageningen Ctr Food Sci, Grad Sch VLAG, Royal Soc Chem, Food Chem Grp C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Konuklar, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-871-5 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2003 IS 284 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1039/9781847550835-00093 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BW77M UT WOS:000183132600009 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Juneja, VK AF Novak, JS Juneja, VK TI Effects of refrigeration or freezing on survival of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in under-cooked ground beef SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Listeria; sublethal cooking ID SUBLETHAL HEAT-SHOCK; STRESS PROTEINS; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; THERMOTOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; MEMBRANE; ACID AB Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, inoculated into ground beef, was heat-shocked at 46 degreesC for 60 min to enhance stress adaptations and simulate sublethal minimal cooking conditions. The effects of refrigeration at 4 degreesC or freezing at -20 degreesC were examined on pathogen survival prior to or following mild cooking at 60 degreesC. D-10-values for heat-shocked samples were elevated as compared to nonheat-shocked controls. Refrigerated and frozen storage did not influence the observed effects. Cellular injury of survivors increased with timed exposure to 60 degreesC. The effects of refrigerated and frozen storage on heat-adapted L. monocytogenes in ground beef did not decrease the potential of the food-borne pathogen to survive additional low temperature cooking of food and raised concerns over the food safety of contaminated, temperature-abused foods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mem Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 AR PII S0956-7135(02)00048-8 DI 10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00048-8 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 626QR UT WOS:000179885100005 ER PT J AU Dunford, NT Teel, JA King, JW AF Dunford, NT Teel, JA King, JW TI A continuous countercurrent supercritical fluid deacidification process for phytosterol ester fortification in rice bran oil SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE continuous countercurrent processing; deaciditication; fractionation; phytosterols; supercritical carbon dioxide ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB This study examines the potential of a continuous countercurrent supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation technique for deacidification of crude rice bran oil. A pilot scale packed column was utilized for the experiments. It was shown that fractionation at low pressure, 138 Bar, and high temperature, 80 degreesC, effectively removed free fatty acids from crude rice bran oil without any oryzanol loss in the extract fraction. Oryzanol content of the raffinate fraction was three times higher than that of the feed material. Phytosterol fatty acid ester content of the raffinate fraction was also increased during the deacidification process, however the enrichment of these moieties was not as high as that found for oryzanol. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Food & Agr Prod Res & Technol Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluid Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dunford, NT (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, FAPC Room 103, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 AR PII S0963-99699(02)00134-5 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(02)00134-5 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 649RX UT WOS:000181222700009 ER PT J AU Fan, X Niemira, BA Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, X Niemira, BA Sokorai, KJB TI Sensorial, nutritional and microbiological quality of fresh cilantro leaves as influenced by ionizing radiation and storage SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE cilantro; irradiation; quality; nutrition; storage; microflora ID DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SHELF-LIFE; VEGETABLES; LETTUCE; ACID AB The impact of gamma irradiation on aroma, appearance, nutritional, textural, and microbiological quality attributes of fresh cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) was investigated. Irradiation at doses up to 2 kGy did not significantly influence aroma, amount of total volatile compounds, color or overall visual quality. Although firmness of cilantro was reduced by irradiation at day 0, there was no significant difference among treatments after 3, 7 and 14 days of storage at 3 degreesC. Irradiation did not have a consistent effect on antioxidant power or phenolic content during the 14-day storage. In contrast, vitamin C content was lower at day 14 in samples irradiated at 2 and 3 kGy. Cilantro irradiated at 3 kGy had higher decay rate and off-odor scores than other samples after 14 days of storage. The total aerobic plate count of irradiated cilantro was significantly lower than that of nonirradiated controls immediately after irradiation and during the entire storage period. Our results suggest that fresh cilantro irradiated at 2 kGy retained its sensorial quality and shelf life. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, X (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 7 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(03)00051-6 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 693ZC UT WOS:000183747400008 ER PT B AU Jauhar, PP Khush, GS AF Jauhar, PP Khush, GS BE Lal, R Hansen, D Uphoff, N Slack, S TI Importance of biotechnology in global food security* SO FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Food Security and Environmental Quality in the Developing World CY MAR 07, 2001 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP Cornell Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; INCREASED NUTRITIVE-VALUE; SEED ALBUMIN GENE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FIELD PERFORMANCE C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Khush, Gurdev Singh/C-5109-2009 NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-5667-0594-0 PY 2003 BP 107 EP 128 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology GA BV40Y UT WOS:000178866500007 ER PT B AU Frasier, CW AF Frasier, CW BE Lal, R Hansen, D Uphoff, N Slack, S TI Water harvesting and management to alleviate drought stress SO FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Food Security and Environmental Quality in the Developing World CY MAR 07, 2001 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP Cornell Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS, Rangelands Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Frasier, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangelands Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-5667-0594-0 PY 2003 BP 245 EP 259 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Food Science & Technology GA BV40Y UT WOS:000178866500016 ER PT J AU Van Hekken, DL Farkye, NY AF Van Hekken, DL Farkye, NY TI Hispanic cheeses: The quest for Queso SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; POTENTIAL GROWTH; MEXICAN CHEESES; SOFT CHEESE; BLANCO-TYPE; ACID TYPE; MILK C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dairy Prod Technol Ctr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Van Hekken, DL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 32 EP + PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 638UF UT WOS:000180589100006 ER PT B AU Grubman, M Moraes, MP Chinsangaram, J Mayr, GA Mason, PW AF Grubman, M Moraes, MP Chinsangaram, J Mayr, GA Mason, PW BE Dodet, B Vicari, M TI Now approaches to control foot-and-mouth disease SO FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE: CONTROL STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Foot-and-Mouth Disease CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE SP Fdn Merieux, OIE, Int Assoc Biol ID VIRUS CAPSID PROTEINS; PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDE P1; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS; PARTIAL PROTECTION; ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; EXPRESSION; IMMUNITY; INDUCTION; VACCINES C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23, RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-84299-432-9 PY 2003 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BW36A UT WOS:000181696100033 ER PT J AU Boltz, F Holmes, TP Carter, DR AF Boltz, F Holmes, TP Carter, DR TI Economic and environmental impacts of conventional and reduced-impact logging in tropical South America: a comparative review SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Review DE tropical forest; economics; reduced-impact logging; Brazil; Guyana; Ecuador ID RAIN-FOREST; HARVEST INTENSITY; TIMBER PRODUCTION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; MANAGEMENT; DAMAGE; CONSERVATION; PARAGOMINAS; MALAYSIA AB Indicators of environmental impact and financial performance are compared for case studies of tropical forest logging from the Brazilian Amazon, Guyana, and Ecuador. Each case study presents parameters obtained from monitoring initial harvest entries into primary forests for planned, reduced-impact logging (RIL) and unplanned, conventional logging (CL) operations. Differences in cost definitions and data collection protocols complicate the comparative analysis, and suggest that caution is necessary in interpreting results. Given this caveat, it appears that RIL can generate competitive or superior profits relative to CL if the financial costs of wood wasted in the harvesting operation are fully accounted for. Increased operational efficiency is an important benefit of RIL, one that largely determines its cost-effectiveness relative to conventional practices. Uncertainties concerning the marginal benefits of RIL relative to familiar, profitable conventional practices pose an obstacle to broader adoption. Moreover, CL firms face few incentives to alter their operations unless they face dramatic changes in market signals. Adoption of RIL techniques as part of a long-term forest management regime faces additional challenges related to the opportunity cost of silvicultural prescriptions and timber set-asides to maintain productivity and ecosystem integrity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Boltz, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 373 Newins Ziegler Hall,POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 AR PII S1389-9341(02)00075-2 DI 10.1016/S1389-9341(01)00075-2 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 638JP UT WOS:000180568100006 ER PT J AU Olah, D Smith, R Hansen, B AF Olah, D Smith, R Hansen, B TI Wood material use in the US cabinet industry 1999 to 2001 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Fax and mail questionnaires were used to estimate consumption of wood-based products by the U.S. cabinet industry and evaluate current management issues affecting the cabinet industry. Results indicated that the cabinet industry used an estimated 484 million board feet (MMBF) of hardwood lumber. Nearly 95 percent of the hardwood lumber purchases were grade No. I Common or Better. The most commonly used species were red oak (44%) and hard maple (24%). An estimated 58 MMBF of components and 68.3 million cabinet doors were also purchased by cabinet manufacturers in 1999. Softwood lumber use was estimated at 25 MMBF, consisting primarily of white (49%) and southern yellow (36%) pine. The most commonly used panel products were particleboard and hardwood plywood, at an estimated 1,044 million ft.(2)(1/2 in. basis) and 279 million ft.(2)(3/8 in. basis), respectively. Other panel products used by the industry were medium density fiberboard (MDF),hardboard, and softwood plywood. Approximately 156 million ft.2 (any thickness) of veneer was used. Companies from both groups reported producing certified (green) products. The majority of companies purchased some parts from outside sources (outsourced). For companies that reported looking at the use of wood substitutes, strawboard, urban waste MDF, and plastic mouldings were most frequently mentioned. Concerns rated highest by cabinet companies were finding qualified employees, increasing raw material prices, keeping qualified employees, wood quality, and air quality regulations. C1 Georgia Pacific Corp, Hardwood Lumber Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Princeton, WV USA. RP Olah, D (reprint author), Georgia Pacific Corp, Hardwood Lumber Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 638UA UT WOS:000180588500007 ER PT J AU Alderman, D Smith, R Araman, P AF Alderman, D Smith, R Araman, P TI A profile of CCA-treated lumber removed from service in the southeastern United States decking market SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB This research developed a profile of used chromated copper arsenate (CCA) lumber removed from the demolition of residential decking. This was achieved by gathering and compiling information regarding the construction, demolition, deck remodeling, deck replacement factors, and factors affecting the recovery of spent CCA lumber. In addition, qualitative responses regarding programs and incentives to facilitate recovery, and the potential products that could be manufactured from spent CCA lumber were addressed. The study included a mail questionnaire that was sent to over 2,800 contractors in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. A mail questionnaire was used to collect both demographic data and assess the factors affecting the recovery of treated lumber. Research findings indicate the average age of decks at removal was nearly 13 years, and that the average size of decks is increasing, from 198 to 272 ft.(2). Extrapolated results indicate that 67.5 million board feet of treated lumber was removed from the sample states and I billion board feet of decking lumber was removed in 1999 from the demolition of decks. The majority of participants built new decks. When decks were repaired, the primary components replaced were deck boards and railings. The primary reason for deck replacement was decayed wood, and the majority of respondents directed spent CCA lumber to municipal solid waste landfills. The two salient reasons for not recovering spent CCA lumber were a lack of recovery facilities and programs, respectively. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Ctr Forest prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Alderman, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 638UA UT WOS:000180588500009 ER PT J AU Baileys, JK Marks, BM Ross, AS Crawford, DM Krzysik, AM Muehl, JH Youngquist, JA AF Baileys, JK Marks, BM Ross, AS Crawford, DM Krzysik, AM Muehl, JH Youngquist, JA TI Providing moisture and fungal protection to wood-based composites SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of wood-based composites in structural applications is often limited because of their sensitivity to excessive levels of moisture and decay. The environmental conditions that exist in certain use categories can be so adverse that the performance of these composites is negatively affected. This paper discusses the evaluation of various water-repellent preservative systems as furnish treatments for a single-layer strandboard. After treating aspen strands and fabricating them into composite panels, we conducted physical, mechanical, and efficacy property tests on specimens cut from the experimental panels. The panels were tested for thickness swell, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity. Efficacy performance was evaluated in bioassay tests against deuteromycete and basidiomycete fungi. One of the waterbased treatments (WB-1) substantially improved the water-resistant properties of these panels. The thickness swell of control samples after 24 hours of water soaking was 23.8 percent compared to a thickness swell value of 8 percent for treatment WB-1. Similar results were obtained for the water absorption test. No significant deterioration in static bending properties was observed. Our studies showed that a water-repellent preservative system could be effectively applied to furnish that is subsequently used in strand panel production. The physical and fungal resistance properties of the panels were enhanced without decreasing their mechanical properties. C1 Kop Coat Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Baileys, JK (reprint author), Kop Coat Inc, 3020 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 638UA UT WOS:000180588500015 ER PT J AU Gardiner, E Hahn, K Lof, M AF Gardiner, E Hahn, K Lof, M TI Introduction: Forest restoration in temperate and boreal zones SO FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Danish Forest & Landscape Res Inst, Horsholm, Denmark. RP Gardiner, E (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.125 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000001 ER PT J AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB TI Biocomplexity and restoration of biodiversity in temperate coniferous forest: inducing spatial heterogeneity with variable-density thinning SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; SMALL MAMMALS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FUNGAL SPOROCARPS; MANAGEMENT; YOUNG; ECOSYSTEMS AB Single-species conservation and natural reserves seem insufficient for protecting biodiversity to scientists, and conventional forestry seems suspect in sustainability to much of the public. In north-western USA, comparisons of natural and managed coniferous forests support the idea that both single-species conservation and conventional forestry are unlikely to be successful because biocomplexity is more important than individual habitat elements in maintaining the diversity of forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce useful goods and services. Experiments in inducing heterogeneity into forest canopies support the importance of biocomplexity to various biotic communities including soil organisms, vascular plants, fungi, birds, small mammals and vertebrate predators. Holistic management, however, requires a suite of techniques to direct developmental processes to useful trajectories. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 52 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.127 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000002 ER PT J AU Hamel, PB AF Hamel, PB TI Winter bird community differences among methods of bottomland hardwood forest restoration: results after seven growing seasons SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LAND-USE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; ECOLOGY AB Forest community restoration in the primarily agricultural landscape of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), USA, has been initiated for recreational, economic and biological objectives, including provision of habitat for migratory birds of late successional stands. A long-term demonstration experiment of succession under several afforestation treatments was established at the beginning of the 1995 growing season. Winter bird communities of these plots were sampled using area-search techniques. Abundance and distribution among treatments were compared for a total of 62 bird species observed in winters 1998/1999 to 2001/2002. Four to seven growing seasons after establishment, bird communities in stands of fast-growing trees (Populus deltoides) contained twice as many species as those in treatments involving slower-growing trees. The differences resulted from the addition of generalist forest-canopy-dwelling species to that suite of avian species of early successional habitats. These results confirmed accepted theory that considers vegetation structure to be a primary determinant of bird species occurrence and community composition. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hamel, PB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.189 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000008 ER PT J AU Shearer, RC Asebrook, JM AF Shearer, RC Asebrook, JM TI Restoring conifers by natural regeneration on slopes exposed during highway reconstruction, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB In 1991, about 70 years after construction, the 16-km Lake McDonald section of the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park was rebuilt. The road, which is at the base of steep north-west-facing slopes, follows the 975 m contour above Lake McDonald within forests originating after wildfires. Tree composition is mostly western red cedar (Thuja plicata Don ex D. Don) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) with a minor component of six other conifer species. Trees were expected to disperse enough seeds to naturally regenerate road cuts on four land-types with developed soils, but not on the fifth land-type with rock and scree. From 1987 to 1995, red cedar and hemlock dispersed 4466 potentially viable (filled) seeds m(-2) on cut slopes while other species added 74 filled seeds m(-2). From 1991 to 1995, after reconstruction, an average of 3294 filled red cedar seeds fell m(-2), in addition to 511 western hemlock m(-2) and 61 m(-2) for six other species. On cut slopes from 1992 to 1998, of land-types with developed soils, seeds germinated after snowmelt, usually from early May until the surface dried. Almost no seeds germinated and no seedlings survived on the rock/scree land-type. Due to the harsh environment on cut slopes, most seedlings died. In spring 1999, red cedar and hemlock seedlings were small and inconspicuous and required an average of 312 and 173 filled seeds for each surviving seedling. C1 USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Dept Interior, Glacier Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Shearer, RC (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.199 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000009 ER PT J AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB TI Restoration of landscape function: reserves or active management? SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SMALL MAMMALS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SPOTTED OWLS; YOUNG; MANIPULATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB A 20-year programme of research suggests that old-growth forests are ecologically unique and highly valued by people, that naturally young forests with legacies from old forests sustain many, if not all, the higher organisms associated with old growth, but that many managed forests are impoverished in species. Thus, restoring landscape function entails restoring function to managed stands. Managing processes of forest development, not just providing selected structures, is necessary to restore function and biodiversity. Systems of reserves and riparian corridors that do not take into account ecological restoration of managed forests and degraded streams may be self-fulfilling prophecies of forest fragmentation and landscape dysfunction. Intentional management can reduce the need for wide riparian buffers, produce landscapes dominated by late-seral stages that are hospitable to wildlife associated with old-growth forests, provide a sustained yield of forest products and contribute to economic, social and environmental sustainability. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.221 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000011 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, MR Huckaby, LS Fornwalt, PJ Stoker, JM Romme, WH AF Kaufmann, MR Huckaby, LS Fornwalt, PJ Stoker, JM Romme, WH TI Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PINE FORESTS; CENTRAL COLORADO AB Tree age and fire history were studied in an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pinus ponderosa/Pseudotsuga menziesii) landscape in the Colorado Front Range mountains. These data were analysed to understand tree survival during fire and post-fire recruitment patterns after fire, as a basis for understanding the characteristics of, and restoration needs for, an ecologically sustainable landscape. Comparisons of two independent tree age data sets indicated that sampling what subjectively appear to be the five oldest trees in a forest polygon could identify the oldest tree. Comparisons of the ages of the oldest trees in each data set with maps of fire history suggested that delays in establishment of trees, after stand-replacing fire, ranged from a few years to more than a century. These data indicate that variable fire severity, including patches of stand replacement, and variable temporal patterns of tree recruitment into openings after fire were major causes of spatial heterogeneity of patch structure in the landscape. These effects suggest that restoring current dense and homogeneous ponderosa pine forests to an ecologically sustainable and dynamic condition should reflect the roles of fires and variable patterns of tree recruitment in regulating landscape structure. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaufmann, MR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Romme, William/C-7317-2016; OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.231 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000012 ER PT J AU Miller, SR Wade, D AF Miller, SR Wade, D TI Re-introducing fire at the urban/wild-land interface: planning for success SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB The application of fire in the southern United States continues to increase in complexity due to urban sprawl, air quality issues and regulatory constraints. Many sites suffer from unnaturally high fuel accumulations due to decades of fire exclusion. The loss of habitat to urbanization and successional changes resulting from the absence of fire increases the importance of restoring and maintaining those remaining acres. The wild-land/urban interface case study we discuss herein includes several fire-adapted plant communities ranging in required fire regime from frequent low-intensity fires to infrequent high-intensity stand replacement fires. This area has experienced extended fire-free periods and includes tightly packed homes in subdivisions developed with no consideration of the potential for wild-land fire. Additional smoke-sensitive areas include schools and heavily travelled highways. Such worst-case scenarios exponentially increase the challenges/risks facing fire managers. This case study thus illustrates many of the complex societal issues and technical challenges facing fire managers when planning and conducting restoration burns in the wild-land/urban interface. In fact, it reinforces the notion that, when burning in the wild-land/urban interface, executing the burn often requires less effort than the planning, co-operation and co-ordination necessary prior to ignition. C1 St Johns River Water Management Dist, Div Land Management, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, SR (reprint author), St Johns River Water Management Dist, Div Land Management, Highway 100W, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.253 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000014 ER PT J AU Rideout, S Oswald, BP Legg, MH AF Rideout, S Oswald, BP Legg, MH TI Ecological, political and social challenges of prescribed fire restoration in east Texas pineywoods ecosystems: a case study SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID WINTER AB The effectiveness of prescribed fire restoration of forested sites in three state parks in east Texas, USA was studied. Two sites consisted of mixed shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) or loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and broadleaf overstoreys. The third site was a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.)/little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.) stand. Mid- and understoreys at all sites consisted of a variety of shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. Prolonged drought resulting in county burn bans prohibited burning until immediately after rain events. Results indicated no effect from the burns in the overstorey, seedling, shrub or herbaceous layers at any park. At two sites, there was a significant increase in the percentage of dead standing saplings in the burn plots from pre- to post-burn. The only significant decreases in fuels were in the weight and depth of combined O-i and O-e horizons (litter). Compliance with burn bans greatly reduced the restorative powers of the burns. Park visitors' attitudes concerning fire were also examined, indicating a need for education concerning differences between wildfire and prescribed fire, and benefits of prescribed fire. C1 Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Rideout, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn,Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.261 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000015 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NN AF Baker, CJ Mock, NN TI Detection of the total oxidative burst during the early stage of plant/bacterial interactions SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 543 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900566 ER PT J AU Cohen, M Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M AF Cohen, M Yamasaki, H Mazzola, M TI Role of enhanced nitric oxide production by soil bacteria in suppression of the fungal plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Univ Ryukyus, Ctr Mol Biosci, Nishihara, Okinawa 90301, Japan. RI Yamasaki, Hideo/F-1465-2011 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 547 BP S177 EP S177 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900570 ER PT S AU Lamikanra, O Watson, MA AF Lamikanra, O Watson, MA BE Cadwallader, KR Weenen, H TI Biochemical changes associated with fresh-cut fruit processing and storage SO FRESHNESS AND SHELF LIFE OF FOODS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 222nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26-31, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Chem Soc ID ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CANTALOUPE MELON; ACID; VEGETABLES; PLANTS; GROWTH; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE AB Fresh-cut fruit processing reduces product shelf life. Cut cantaloupe melon stored at 4 T, unlike those kept at 20 degreesC, did not show significant changes in titratable acidity, pH, degreesBrix and organic acid content over a period of 14 days. Organic acids in the fresh fruit are oxalic, citric, malic and succinic acids. At 20 degreesC, lactic acid was by far the dominant acid present after two days. Gram-positive mesophilic bacteria also grew rapidly at this temperature unlike the slow growing Gram-negative rods that were observed at 4 T. Lactic acid and Gram-positive microflora are potential quality markers of temperature abuse during fresh-cut fruit storage. Peroxidase (POD) enzymes in cantaloupe, honeydew, kiwifruit, pineapple and watermelon are anionic ascorbate POD apparently produced in response to wound induced oxidative stress. The POD isozymes are stable for 20 min. at 50 degreesC, hence mild heat treatments for short periods of time will not reduce activity significantly. In the muskmelons, ascorbic acid is suggested to inhibit oxidation by complexing with POD and metal ion cofactors. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3801-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 836 BP 52 EP 68 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BW20G UT WOS:000181174600004 ER PT S AU Mayer, F Takeoka, G Buttery, R Nam, Y Naim, M Bezman, Y Rabinowitch, H AF Mayer, F Takeoka, G Buttery, R Nam, Y Naim, M Bezman, Y Rabinowitch, H BE Cadwallader, KR Weenen, H TI Aroma of fresh field tomatoes SO FRESHNESS AND SHELF LIFE OF FOODS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 222nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26-31, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Chem Soc ID VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; OXIDATION; BUTTERFAT AB Although the flavor of tomatoes has been extensively studied over decades (1, 2, 3) it is not yet clear whether all odorants that are important contributors to fresh tomato aroma have been identified or whether the contribution of others has been overestimated. For the identification of the character impact odorants of fresh field tomatoes the method of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA, 4) was applied to several different tomato cultivars. This resulted in finding 20 odorants with flavor dilution (FD)-factors larger than 1, which seem to contribute to the flavor of fresh tomato. Among these were (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenylacetaldehyde and P-ionone, but also beta-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (Furaneol((R))), methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-epoxy-(E)2-decenal, some of which have been underestimated so far. One previously unknown flavor compound in fresh tomato aroma was identified as (Z)- 1,5-octadien-3-one. Different methods of sample preparation were employed. Solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE, 5) was found to be the most suitable method for the quantification of tomato odorants. The concentrations of all important odorants were determined in two different tomato cultivars and the odor units (ratio of the concentration of a flavor compound and its odor threshold) were calculated. The biggest differences between the two cultivars were found in the concentrations and odor units of methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-penten3-one and 4-hydroxy-2,5-diinethyl-3-(2H)-furanone. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Inst Biochem Food Sci & Nutr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Mayer, F (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3801-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 836 BP 144 EP 161 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BW20G UT WOS:000181174600011 ER PT B AU Shao, QM Keagy, PM AF Shao, QM Keagy, PM BE Dhalla, NS Chockalingam, A Berkowitz, HI Singal, PK TI Benefits of dietary fiber for cardiovascular disease and diabetes SO FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH SE PROGRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Heart Congress CY JUL 06-11, 2001 CL WINNIPEG, CANADA SP Int Soc Heart Res, Govt Canada, Dept Western Diversificat, Govt Manitoba, Dept Ind Trade & Mines Hlth, Post-Secondary Educ, Culture, Heritage Tourism, Merck Frosst Canada Ltd, Mitsubishi-Tokyo Pharmaceut Inc, ATL Canada, Beckman Coulter Canada Inc, Canadian Cardiovasc Soc, Canadian Inst Hlth Res, Cardiovasc Solut Inc, Dairy Farmers Canada, DeFehr Fdn, Univ Western Ontario, Fac Hlth Sci,, Heart & Stroke Fdn Manitoba, Inst Biodiagnost, Natl Res Council Canada, Japanese Working Grp Cardiac Struct & Metabolism, Manitoba Hydro, Merck KGaA, Pulsus Grp Inc, St Boniface Gen Hosp Res Ctr, Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Co, World Heart Corp DE dietary fiber; cardiovascular disease; diabetes ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BILE-ACID EXCRETION; CHOLESTEROL GALLSTONE FORMATION; RICE BRAN OIL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; BETA-GLUCAN; RISK-FACTOR; GUAR GUM; MESSENGER-RNA AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes are chronic diseases distributed worldwide. Both of them share of some common risk factors and have some common pathophysiological changes. CVD and diabetes are a huge burden on the health care system of every government and its population. Therefore, the early prevention and treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance and CVD has a significant role for public health and the health care system. Dietary fiber has received recognition for reducing the risk of developing both CVD and diabetes. The implication is that dietary fiber may have therapeutic benefits in prediabetic metabolic conditions and in preventing the cardiovascular complications. The effect of dietary fiber on the common risk factors and possibly relative gene expression may reduce the morbidity of these diseases. However, the amount of total dietary fiber consumed and the chemical and physiological properties of different fiber sources will determine the effectiveness in prevention or treatment of CVD, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Shao, QM (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7451-4 J9 PROG EXP CARDIOL PY 2003 VL 9 BP 227 EP 241 PG 15 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BX93F UT WOS:000186888900017 ER PT J AU Zhou, R Sicher, RC Cheng, LL Quebedeaux, B AF Zhou, R Sicher, RC Cheng, LL Quebedeaux, B TI Regulation of apple leaf aldose-6-phosphate reductase activity by inorganic phosphate and divalent cations SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aldose-6-phosphate reductase; apple; carbohydrate metabolism; divalent ions; inorganic phosphate; Malus domestica; sorbitol synthesis ID DEPENDENT SORBITOL-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; SORBITOL SYNTHESIS; LEAVES; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; CARBOHYDRATE; SYNTHASE; STRESS; PLANTS AB Aldose-6-phosphate reductase (A6PR), a key enzyme in sorbitol biosynthesis, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from fully developed apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala) leaves. Inorganic phosphate inhibited A6PR by decreasing the maximum velocity of the enzyme and by increasing the K-m for the substrate, glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P). Divalent cations including Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ altered A6PR activity. Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on A6PR activity were dependent upon both the metal ion concentration and the concentration of Glc6P. The activity of A6PR was increased by 0.5-5 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+ when Glc6P concentration was below 10 mM. However, these same metal ions decreased A6PR activity at greater Glc6P concentrations or in the presence of higher metal ion concentrations. A6PR displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics either in the presence or absence of 2.5 mM MgCl2, but the apparent K-m for Glc6P decreased from 11.3 mM for the control to 5.1 mM in the presence of 2.5 mM MgCl2 in the assay mixture. By contrast, Zn2+ and Cu2+ dramatically inactivated A6PR activity. A6PR activity was decreased approximately 50 and 70%, respectively, when the enzyme was pre-incubated with 2 mM Zn2+ or Cu2+ for 60 min at room temperature. This inactivation was partially reversed by dialysis or by chelation with 20 mM EDTA. NADPH and NADP(+), which are substrates for A6PR in the oxidative and reductive directions, respectively, partially protected A6PR from inactivation by Zn2+. The above results suggest that both Mg2+ and Ca2+ were mixed-type, non-essential activators of A6PR that decreased the K-m for sugar-phosphates but lowered the overall V-max. The physiological significance of these findings is also discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Quebedeaux, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1037 EP 1043 DI 10.1071/FP02225 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 734PU UT WOS:000186066400002 ER PT J AU Kupper, H Setlik, I Setlikova, E Ferimazova, N Spiller, M Kupper, FC AF Kupper, H Setlik, I Setlikova, E Ferimazova, N Spiller, M Kupper, FC TI Copper-induced inhibition of photosynthesis: limiting steps of in vivo copper chlorophyll formation in Scenedesmus quadricauda SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; algae; cell cycle; chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics; Cu transport; epifluorescence microscopy; metal resistance; thermoluminescence ID METAL-SUBSTITUTED CHLOROPHYLLS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ACUTUS CHLOROPHYCEAE; WATER PLANTS; GREEN-ALGA; TOLERANCE; MECHANISM; RESPONSES; STRAINS; GROWTH AB The in vivo substitution of Mg2+ in chlorophyll by heavy metals is an important damage mechanism in heavy metal-stressed plants that leads to an inhibition of photosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms with LHC II antennae, the in vivo substitution of Mg2+ by Cu2+ occurs particularly readily under low irradiance with a dark phase - a phenomenon referred to as 'shade reaction'. In the present study the limiting steps of the shade reaction were investigated with synchronised cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. The rate of copper chlorophyll formation during shade reaction was shown to be controlled by several factors; firstly, in some phases of the cell cycle, especially at the end of the light period, Mg2+ in chlorophyll was not accessible to substitution. This pattern is likely to be caused by cell cycle-dependent changes in photosynthesis and thylakoid ultrastructure, which were published earlier and are reconsidered in the discussion of the present work. Secondly, prolonged culture in a medium containing 3 muM Cu2+ reversibly increased the resistance of the strain to Cu2+. Culturing without added Cu2+ lowered the threshold concentrations of various deleterious effects more than 10-fold within 8 months of de-adaptation. Adaptation to high Cu2+ levels is discussed in the context of studies of the regulation of metal transporter proteins. In addition, it was also observed that toxic Cu2+ levels impaired photosynthesis sooner than cell division. C1 Univ Konstanz, Math Nat Wissensch Sekt, Fachbereich Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Microbiol, Dept Autotroph Microorganisms, CZ-37981 Trebon, Czech Republic. Univ S Bohemia, Inst Phys Biol, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Wasserbau & Wasserwirtsch, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. RP Kupper, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Kupper, Hendrik/J-5152-2012 OI Kupper, Hendrik/0000-0003-0712-7023 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 14 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.1071/FP03129 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 752RF UT WOS:000187180400002 ER PT J AU Smit, M Segers, K Carrascosa, LG Shay, T Baraldi, F Gyapay, G Snowder, G Georges, M Cockett, N Charlier, C AF Smit, M Segers, K Carrascosa, LG Shay, T Baraldi, F Gyapay, G Snowder, G Georges, M Cockett, N Charlier, C TI Mosaicism of solid gold supports the causality of a noncoding A-to-G transition in the determinism of the callipyge phenotype SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CLPG LOCUS AB To identify the callipyge mutation, we have resequenced 184 kb spanning the DLK1-, GTL2-, PEG11-, and AEG8-imprinted domain and have identified an A-to-G transition in a highly conserved dodecamer motif between DLK1 and GTL2. This was the only difference found between the callipyge (CLPG) allele and a phylogenetically closely related wild-type allele. We report that this SNP is in perfect association with the callipyge genotype. The demonstration that Solid Gold-the alleged founder ram of the callipyge flock-is mosaic for this SNP virtually proves the causality of this SNP in the determinism of the callipyge phenotype. C1 Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Dept Genet, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Utah State Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Genoscope, Ctr Natl Sequencage, F-91057 Evry, France. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Agr Res Stn, United States Dept Agr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Smit, M (reprint author), Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Dept Genet, B43,20 Bd Colonster, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. OI Charlier, Carole/0000-0002-9694-094X NR 8 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 163 IS 1 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 646MW UT WOS:000181039700040 PM 12586730 ER PT S AU Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M Malinowski, T Cambra, M Minoiu, N AF Scorza, R Ravelonandro, M Malinowski, T Cambra, M Minoiu, N BE Janick, J TI Potential use of transgenic plums resistant to Plum pox virus field infection SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE resistance; plum pox potyvirus; transgene silencing; Prunus domestica; sharka ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA AB Research to date indicates that post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is an effective strategy for the development of stable high-level resistance to Plum pox virus in plum. Field tests in Poland, Romania, and Spain show that after 5-6 years of natural aphid vectored inoculation, trees of the PTGS clone C5 remain virus-free. The effectiveness of transgene-based PTGS for imparting potyvirus resistance and the relatively rapid incorporation of this trait into Prunus germplasm suggests continued exploration and employment of this strategy for producing virus resistant stone fruits and other woody perennial tree fruits. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/O-6367-2014 OI Cambra Alvarez, Mariano/0000-0003-2170-9521 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500009 ER PT S AU Okie, WR Rieger, M AF Okie, WR Rieger, M BE Janick, J TI Inheritance of venation pattern in Prunus ferganensis x persica hybrids SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE peach; leaf; water relations; drought AB Prunus ferganensis (Kost. & Riab) Kov. & Kost, is closely related to cultivated peach, P. persica (L.) Batsch, but is distinguished by very long, unbranched leaf veins which turn and run parallel to the leaf margin at the edge of the leaf. Also, the pits have longitudinal grooves. Otherwise the tree and fruit of this species (or sub-species) resemble those of our familiar commercial peach. P. ferganensis is common in the dry Ferghana and Zeravshan Valleys in central Asia (now Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). In this region local cultivars of P. ferganensis are widely grown for fruit. Several old accessions of P. ferganensis such as Plant Introduction 102705 ('Khodjent Kostokos') are in the United States and a few additional accessions have been brought in as seed in recent years. Fruit quality is edible but not of commercial standard, particularly in terms of fruit firmness, quality and skin color. The species has been little studied in the US. Hybrids of P. ferganensis (primarily nectarine PI 102705) with commercial and experimental peaches have been produced, and segregating F-2 populations obtained. These populations were evaluated for fruit, seed and tree characters. The distinct leaf-vein character segregates in a ratio of 3 normal vein: 1 long vein suggesting it is controlled by a single recessive gene. All of the long-veined progeny that fruited also had the grooves on the pit, in contrast to the normal seed of normal-veined seedlings. The preeminence of this species in its region of origin, where it is frequently cultivated, suggests the leaf morphology may be advantageous, perhaps in terms of water relations. If the long-vein leaf type were found to be associated with superior water usage or photosynthetic characteristics, it would be relatively easy to backcross it into commercial type fruit. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Stn, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Stn, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500024 ER PT S AU Callahan, AM AF Callahan, AM BE Janick, J TI Breeding for fruit quality SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE size; flavor; color; firmness; texture ID PEACH CULTIVARS; LYASE GENE; MANIPULATION; COLOR; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; POLYGALACTURONASE; MATURATION; EXPRESSION; BIOLOGY; NUMBER AB While fruit breeding programs have many different goals, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, tree architecture, precocity, and productivity, they all have in common the need to develop high quality fruit. Fruits come in a wide spectrum of size, flavor, color, firmness, and texture. Quality is defined differently for each fruit species and consists of many attributes. For some species, high quality flesh texture is crisp while in others it is soft and melting. Some fruit require a balance of acidity and sweetness while quality in others is simply defined by the degree of sweetness. This paper reviews the physiological and genetic basis for fruit quality traits and presents various approaches for improving fruit quality by breeding. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Callahan, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500027 ER PT S AU Bell, RL AF Bell, RL BE Janick, J TI Resistance to pear psylla nymphal feeding of germplasm from Central Europe SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Pyrus; antixenosis; Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster; plant introduction; genetic resources; Psylla pyricola; Psylla pyri; Psylla pyrisuga ID PYRUS GERMPLASM; SUSCEPTIBLE PEAR; HOMOPTERA AB Pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) is the most serious pest of the European pear (Pyrus communis L.) in the production regions of Europe and North America. Nine plant germplasm introductions of pear from Central Europe recently released from plant quarantine were evaluated for nymphal feeding antixenosis, a primary mode of resistance known to be correlated with ovipositional antixenosis and antibiosis (i.e. nymphal mortality and reduced developmental rate). Five single-shoot budded trees were grown in the greenhouse without pesticide application. The top two youngest fully expanded leaves were infested with ten 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs from a young laboratory colony. The number of surviving nymphs and the number of actively feeding nymphs was recorded after two days. Three cultivars from Yugoslavia, 'Karamanka', 'Jerisbasma', and 'Vodenjac', plus NY 10353 (a resistant control of P. ussuriensis Max. ancestry) were significantly more resistant to nymphal feeding than the susceptible control, 'Bartlett', and the cultivars 'Junsko Zlato', 'Lida', 'Orlovskaya','Oranzhevaja','Nadejda', and the selection IV 12. These objective data confirm field observations made in Europe of the Yugoslavian cultivars, and increases the number of psylla-resistant genotypes available for breeding new cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 343 EP 345 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500033 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Lang, GA AF Beckman, TG Lang, GA BE Janick, J TI Rootstock breeding for stone fruits SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Prunus persica; Prunus avium; Prunus cerasus; Prunus armeniaca; Prunus amygdalus; Prunus domestica; Prunus salicina; peach; cherry; apricot; almond; plum; rootstock; breeding; disease; insect; nematode; hardiness; compatibility; dwarfing; fruit quality ID TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS; SIBERIAN-C ROOTSTOCK; ROOT-LESION NEMATODE; TREE SHORT LIFE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PEACH SEEDLING ROOTSTOCKS; PRUNUS ROOTSTOCKS; CHERRY ROOTSTOCKS; MYROBALAN PLUM; NUT VARIETIES AB Over the last 20 years stone fruit rootstock development has begun shifting from seedling to clonal types, many of interspecific origin. Publicly funded breeding programs have produced most of these rootstocks due to the time, cost, and risk associated with their development; however, private industry is emerging as a significant contributor of many of the newer rootstocks. Particularly noteworthy among recent releases has been the incorporation of resistance to soilborne diseases, nematodes, waterlogging and vigor control, the last most notably in recent cherry rootstocks. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable progress in the development of clonal stocks, seedling rootstocks still dominate most stone fruit industries around the world, if only because of their relatively low cost, ease of propagation, and proven utility. Many opportunities and challenges remain to be addressed in the areas of disease and insect resistance, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, graft compatibility, and rootstock influence on scion performance and fruit quality. Biotechnology is beginning to show potential in accelerating rootstock development. With the development of markers to assist selection for difficult to evaluate traits, new rootstocks with resistance to multiple diseases are feasible. Future prospects for breeding are presented. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 170 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 531 EP 551 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500058 ER PT S AU Grauke, LJ Thompson, TE AF Grauke, LJ Thompson, TE BE Janick, J TI Rootstock development in temperate nut crops SO GENETICS AND BREEDING OF TREE FRUITS AND NUTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE almond; Prunus dulcis; chestnut; Castanea spp.; hazelnut Corylus avellana; pecan; Carya illinoinensis; pistachio; Pistacia vera; walnut; Juglans regia ID EASTERN FILBERT BLIGHT; PECAN; HAZELNUT; RESISTANCE; HYBRIDIZATION; SUBSTRATE; TREES AB The driving force behind the development of rootstocks for nut crops has been the solution of specific problems, often related to the presence of pests or the need for adaptation to particular sites. The use of interspecific hybrids as rootstocks has lead to increased appreciation for the contribution genetic diversity can make to orchard profitability in the face of site specific challenges. The past decade has seen dramatic increases in access to germplasm resources, while technological developments in molecular genetics have contributed to genetic characterization in some species. The focus on clonal propagation through tissue culture has been somewhat abated by the slow pace of nursery incorporation of available techniques, by challenges with anchorage of some clonal rootstocks, and by the recognition of the vulnerability inherent to a monoculture susceptible to an unsuspected root pest. Increased application of spatial analysis systems (GIS) may contribute to prescription use of site-specific rootstocks. C1 USDA ARS, Pecan Breeding & Genet, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Grauke, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pecan Breeding & Genet, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-189-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 622 BP 553 EP 566 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BX65N UT WOS:000186003500059 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Gundersen-Rindal, D AF Evans, JD Gundersen-Rindal, D TI Beenomes to Bombyx: future directions in applied insect genomics SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE AB The recent sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome showcases the genetic breadth of insects and a trend towards sequencing organisms directly involved with human welfare. We describe traits in other insect species that make them important candidates for genomics projects, and review several recent workshops aimed at uniting researchers working with insect species to efficiently address problems in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 AR 107 DI 10.1186/gb-2003-4-3-107 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 675KU UT WOS:000182694200002 PM 12620096 ER PT J AU Mele, G Hake, S AF Mele, G Hake, S TI Expression profiling of plant development SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PHYTOCHROME-A; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENES; PIF3; ARABIDOPSIS; MICROARRAY; PROTEIN; LIGHT AB Microarrays have been used to study the response of plants to many signals, including light, hormones and transcription factors. The results in each case can give an overall view of the global response to the signal or identify direct targets of the signal, and can reveal new links between different signaling pathways. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 AR 215 DI 10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-215 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 675MG UT WOS:000182698600005 PM 12734003 ER PT J AU Reid, LM Page, MJ AF Reid, LM Page, MJ TI Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large New Zealand catchment SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE landslides; sediment budget; sediment yield; land-use impact; magnitude-frequency ID SEDIMENT AB Knowledge of long-term average rates of erosion is necessary if factors affecting sediment yields from catchments are to be understood. Without such information, it is not possible to assess the potential influence of extreme storms, and, therefore, to evaluate the relative importance of various components of a sediment budget. A study of the sediment budget for the Waipaoa catchment, North Island, New Zealand, included evaluation of long-term rates of landsliding for six landslide-prone land systems in the catchment. The number of landslides per unit area generated by each of several storms was counted on sequential aerial photographs and correlated with the magnitude of the corresponding storm. The resulting relationships were combined with magnitude-frequency relationships derived for storms from 70- to 100-year rainfall records in the area to estimate a longterm magnitude-frequency relationship for landsliding for each land system. The long-term average values of the areal landslide frequency (number of slides per unit area per unit time) were then calculated from these relationships. The volumes of a sample of landslide scars were measured in the field, and the proportion of slides that deliver sediment to channels was determined from aerial photographs. These measurements then allowed calculation of the long-term average rate of sediment production to streams from landslides for different land systems and types of vegetation. Results suggest that shallow landslides currently contribute about 15+/-5% of the suspended sediment load in the Waipaoa River above the Kanakanaia gauging station, and that 75% of the sediment production from the landslides occurs during storms with recurrence intervals of less than 27 years. Reforestation of 6.3% (93 km(2)) of the slide-prone lands in the catchment between 1990 and 1995 resulted in a calculated decrease in slide-derived sediment of 10%. Calculations suggest that reforestation of an additional 3% (66 kM(2)) Of the catchment in areas with the most sensitive combinations of land system and storm regime could decrease the total sediment inputs from landsliding by about 20%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. Landcare Res, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 88 AR PII S0169-555X(02)00164-2 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00164-2 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 618TC UT WOS:000179432500004 ER PT J AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Isbell, TA AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL Eller, FJ Taylor, SL Isbell, TA TI Packed-bed bioreactor synthesis of feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols: clean production of a "green" sunscreen SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS; WATER ACTIVITY; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; CAPRYLIC-ACID; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; AGENTS; OIL AB A biocatalytic process for covalent incorporation of ferulic acid onto the glycerol backbone of vegetable oil proceeds efficiently, although rather slowly, with Candida antarctica lipase B in a packed-bed reactor. The bioreactor shows considerable long-term stability. Product yield is influenced by the water content of the fluid phase and enzyme support. The enzyme support modulates substrate concentrations through adsorption and subsequent release of reactants over the course of the reaction. The resulting product has excellent UVA/UVB absorbing properties, making it a potential substitute for conventional petroleum-based sunscreen active agents. C1 ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.1039/b302384b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 707ZZ UT WOS:000184542200012 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, J Fahlbusch, H AF Garbrecht, J Fahlbusch, H BE Brown, GO Garbrecht, JD Hagar, WH TI Water management and hydraulic structures in antiquity: Contributions by Gunther Garbrecht SO HENRY P.G. DARCY AND OTHER PIONEERS IN HYDRAULICS: CONTRIBUTIONS IN CELEBRATION OF THE 200TH BIRTHDAY OF HENRY PHILIBERT GASPARD DARCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Darcy Memorial Symposium on the History of Hydraulics CY JUN 24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Environment & Water Resources Inst, Surface Water Hydeol Comm, Hist & Heritage Comm AB Between 1967 and 1991, Dr. G. Garbrecht and collaborators investigated ancient hydraulic structures in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Four of these investigations are summarized herein. The summaries primarily focus on the description of hydraulic structures and the interpretation of their functionality and associated water management operations. Also, organizational aspects of the investigations and examples of the great value of die interdisciplinary approach to the discovery and interpretation of findings are presented. The investigations uncovered, even by today's standards, bold designs and planning of water resources systems, technical brilliance, grandiose architecture, and high-quality craftsmanship in the construction of the structures. It may be rightfully claimed that this work led by Dr. G. Garbrecht did not only increase our knowledge in the field of water resources development in antiquity, but also emphasized the absolute necessity of a real interdisciplinary approach in archaeological research. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0683-9 PY 2003 BP 116 EP 139 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BY28P UT WOS:000188784400010 ER PT B AU Britton, SL Hanson, GJ Temple, DM AF Britton, SL Hanson, GJ Temple, DM BE Brown, GO Garbrecht, JD Hagar, WH TI A historic look at the USDA-ARS hydraulic engineering research unit SO HENRY P.G. DARCY AND OTHER PIONEERS IN HYDRAULICS: CONTRIBUTIONS IN CELEBRATION OF THE 200TH BIRTHDAY OF HENRY PHILIBERT GASPARD DARCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Darcy Memorial Symposium on the History of Hydraulics CY JUN 24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Environment & Water Resources Inst, Surface Water Hydeol Comm, Hist & Heritage Comm ID RIPRAP DESIGN DOWNSTREAM; STRAIGHT DROP SPILLWAYS; HL-FLUMES; OUTLETS; HS AB Over the past 65 years, scientists at the USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Unit (HERU) in Stillwater, Oklahoma have made great strides in the design and technological development of hydraulic structures and vegetated channels. From its inception, the laboratory has gained notoriety for its accomplishments in vegetated channel design and development of design criteria for many hydraulic structures including trash racks, low-drop grade-control structures, and riprap design for rock chutes and stilling basins. Thousands of these structures and over a half-million miles of grassed waterways based on design criteria developed by the research scientists at HERU have shaped the landscape of the world into what it is today. In addition, research at the laboratory has provided field engineers with new techniques in measuring flow and soil erodibility. Today, scientists at the laboratory remain dedicated in their research efforts of hydraulic structures, channels, and issues associated with the rehabilitation of aging watershed flood-control and multi-purpose reservoirs. The purpose of the research has been and still is to assist engineers in making sound engineering decisions in their designs. C1 USDA, ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0683-9 PY 2003 BP 263 EP 276 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BY28P UT WOS:000188784400019 ER PT J AU Curling, SF Winandy, JE Carll, C Micales, JA Tenwolde, A AF Curling, SF Winandy, JE Carll, C Micales, JA Tenwolde, A TI How variability in OSB mechanical properties affects biological durability testing SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE oriented strandboard; decay; modulus of rupture; strength; specimen size AB Loss in bending strength of wood has been shown to be a more sensitive measure of decay than is weight loss. Using modulus of rupture as the decay criterion is problematic for oriented strand-board (OSB) because of variation in mechanical properties due to particle orientation and size. Moreover, the small specimen size required for such tests increases the variance in mechanical properties. This study compared the variance in bending strength of ASTM D1037 standard-sized specimens and small specimens from two samples of commercial OSB. The small specimens were found to have a significantly higher level of variance in bending strength than the standard-sized specimens. A simple method of sorting the specimens based on strand orientation on the tensile surface significantly reduced the level of variance measured. The effects of differing levels of variance on the size, design and limitations of the experimental study are presented. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Curling, SF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1515/HF.2003.002 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 650RC UT WOS:000181276300002 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Normal acquisition and loss of bone mass SO HORMONE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Novo Nordisk Symposium on Growth Hormone and Endocrinology/SGA Satellite Symposium CY MAR 27, 2003 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL DE calcium absorption; bone growth; bone mass; human milk ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; MINERAL DENSITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DIETARY CALCIUM; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; HUMAN-MILK; GIRLS; LACTATION; CHILDREN AB The natural patterns of bone mass accumulation and loss with age represent the templates of individual life cycle periods that are distinguished by marked, physiologically and genetically identifiable, changes in bone mass. During the third trimester of pregnancy, maternal calcium absorption increases and the fetus accumulates about two-thirds of the total bone mass of the term infant. In early infancy, human milk calcium is derived primarily from maternal bone stores, which incur substantial bone losses that are quickly replenished during and after weaning. At puberty, a marked increase in bone mass occurs in conjunction with the initial physical and hormonal changes that characterize this stage. Calcium absorption and bone calcium deposition rates peak in females shortly before menarche. At that time, the bone calcium deposition rate is approximately five times that of adulthood. Skeletal bone mass reaches over 90% of its maximum by age 18 ( earlier in females) but does not peak until age 25 - 30. At some point in mid-life, women experience perimenopause, the 3- to 5-year period prior to menopause during which estrogen levels begin to drop and there are marked increases in bone resorption and loss. Throughout adulthood, calcium absorption efficiency from the diet gradually declines. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0163 J9 HORM RES JI Horm. Res. PY 2003 VL 60 SU 3 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1159/000074505 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 752TX UT WOS:000187184200012 PM 14671401 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Reddy, K Armstrong, JM AF Scagel, CF Reddy, K Armstrong, JM TI Mycorrhizal fungi in rooting substrate influences the quantity and quality of roots on stem cuttings of hick's yew SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glomus intraradices; Taxus x media 'Hicksii'; VA mycorrhizae ID INFECTION; INOCULATION; GROWTH AB In a commercial nursery propagation system for hick's yew (Taxus x media 'Hicksii'), we assessed whether or not the addition of inoculum of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF) Glomus intraradices into the rooting substrate during cutting propagation increased rooting, and how the quantity of inoculum influenced rooting. At 15 and 22 weeks (108 and 156 d) after cuttings were treated with root hormones and stuck, root initiation was higher on cuttings stuck in the rooting substrate containing VAMF inoculum. Increasing the quantity of inoculum in the rooting substrate increased root growth during the early stages of rooting. However the highest level of inoculum tested increased adventitious root initiation without increased root growth. Our results indicate that if VAMF inoculum. is used during propagation from cuttings, there are optimal levels required to alter the initiation and growth of roots. For hick's yew, 1:100 or 2:100 (by volume) rates of G. intraradices in the rooting substrate increased the number of primary roots and growth of adventitious roots on cuttings above that achieved by using rooting hormone alone. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort CropsRes Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Meadow Lake Nursery, Mcminnville, OR 97128 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort CropsRes Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629EG UT WOS:000180037000011 ER PT J AU Miller, SS Greene, GM AF Miller, SS Greene, GM TI The use of reflective film and ethephon to improve red skin color of apples in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malus xdomestica; light; canopy microclimate; metalized film; hue angle; plant growth regulator; ethephon ID LIGHT-DISTRIBUTION; TREES; QUALITY AB Replicated studies were conducted from 1996 to 1999 to evaluate the effect of a metalized reflective film (R-F) on red color development in several apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars that often develop poor to marginal color in the mid-Atlantic growing region. Film was applied to the orchard floor in the middle between tree rows or under the tree beginning 5 to 7 weeks before the predicted maturity date. Light reflected into the canopy from the RF was measured and compared with a standard orchard sod, a killed sod or various polyethylene films. Fruit color was estimated visually and with a hand-held spectrophotometer. Fruit quality (firmness, soluble solids, starch index) was determined from a representative sample of fruit. RF increased the level of photosynthetic photon flux (PPT) reflected into the canopy resulting in darker, redder colored 'Delicious', 'Empire', and 'Fuji' apples with a greater proportion of surface showing red color. RF increased canopy temperature and fruit surface temperature. A white polyethylene film increased reflected PPF and fruit color, but generally not to the extent of the metalized RF. Large [>13 ft (4.0 m) height] well-pruned 'Delicious' trees showed increased fruit color, especially when the RF was placed under the canopy, but 'Empire' trees of similar size and a more dense canopy showed no effect. The effect of the RF was most pronounced in the lower portion [up to 8 ft (2.4 m) height] of the canopy. A high-density RF was as effective as a low-density RF and the high-density film was about 60% less expensive. A high-density RF may be a cost effective method to enhance red color on selected apple cultivars in the mid-Atlantic region. Comparisons between ethephon and the RF were variable: ethephon appeared to have more effect on color in 'Empire' than the RF, but less effect than the RF on 'Hardibrite Delicious'. Ethephon consistently advanced fruit maturity. C1 USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629EG UT WOS:000180037000018 ER PT J AU Boersig, MR Hartsell, P Smilanick, J AF Boersig, MR Hartsell, P Smilanick, J TI Penetration and sorption of methyl bromide in returnable plastic containers SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumigation; RPC; grapes; sulfur dioxide; quarantine treatment ID FUMIGATION; RESIDUES AB Methyl bromide (MB) penetration rates, sorption levels, and concentration time (CT) products were compared in returnable plastic containers (RPCs) and corrugated grape boxes (CGBs). During a 2.5-hour fumigation, sorption of methyl bromide in RPCs and CGBs was 9.8% and 18.1%, respectively. The lower sorption in RPCs increased the exposure of grapes (Vitis vinifera) to MB. Equilibrium concentrations of MB (concentrations that had stabilized) in RPCs and CGBs were 68.2 and 59.2 g(.)m(-3) (4.26 and 3.70 lb/1000 ft(3)) respectively. The CT products in RPCs and CGBs were 170.5 and 147.6 g(.)h(-1.)m(-3) (10.66. and 9.19 lb/h/1000 ft(3)), respectively, and far below phytotoxic concentrations according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture schedule. C1 Dried Fruit Assoc, Fresno, CA 93721 USA. CHEP USA, Cool, CA 95614 USA. USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ct, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Boersig, MR (reprint author), Dried Fruit Assoc, 1855 S Van Ness, Fresno, CA 93721 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629EG UT WOS:000180037000028 ER PT J AU Wiedenhoeft, AC Miller, RB Theim, TJ AF Wiedenhoeft, AC Miller, RB Theim, TJ TI Analysis of three microscopic characters for separating the wood of Pinus contorta and P-ponderosa SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE resin canal; wood anatomy; wood identification; Pinus contorta; Pinus ponderosa AB Three microscopic characters were evaluated for the identification of Pinus contorta and Pinus ponderosa. The tangential diameter of the resin canals, including the epithelium, was compared to the tangential diameter of the entire resin canal complex. The latter measurement was shown to give diagnostic results for these species. Data from the examination of ray composition do not support previously published methods for separating P. contorta and P. ponderosa. The presence or absence of small elongate crystals in the subsidiary parenchyma of the resin canal complexes was shown to be the most powerful diagnostic character for separating the wood of these species. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wiedenhoeft, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716VF UT WOS:000185049700007 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Njoku, EG AF Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Klein, M Gasiewski, AJ Njoku, EG GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Soil moisture retrieval and AMSR-E validation using an airborne microwave radiometer in SMEX02 SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dense agricultural crop conditions on soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave remote sensing. Aircraft observations were collected using a new version of the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) that provided C band and X band channels. Observations were also available from the Aqua satellite Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) at these same frequencies. Soil Moisture Experiments 2002 (SMEX02) was conducted over a three-week period during the summer near Ames, Iowa, an area which is dominated by corn and soybeans. Aircraft data were processed and channels selected to minimize radio frequency interference. A preliminary comparison of the aircraft (PSR) and satellite (AMSR-E) 10.7 GHz data showed comparable brightness temperature values. Sensitivity of brightness temperature to soil. moisture was observed for nearly all the ground validation sites, even under dense corn canopies. Similar sensitivities were observed for C and X band channels. These results illustrate the potential to develop soil moisture retrieval techniques for a wide range of agricultural conditions using AMSR-E frequencies. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 401 EP 403 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500132 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T Ogawa, K Jacob, F French, A Hsu, A Ritchie, J AF Schmugge, T Ogawa, K Jacob, F French, A Hsu, A Ritchie, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Validation of emissivity estimates from ASTER data SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; SEPARATION AB The multispectral thermal infrared data obtained from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) radiometer have been shown to be of good quality. ASTER is on NASA's Terra satellite. It has 5 bands in the 8 to 12 micrometer waveband with 90 to spatial resolution, when the data are combined with the Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm the surface emissivity over this wavelength region can be determined. This paper will present some quantitative emissivity results obtained over test sites in southern New Mexico, USA; the Jornada Experimental Range and the White Sands National Monument which are compared with ground measurements. The Jornada site is typical of a desert grassland where the main vegetation components are grass and shrubs with a large fraction of exposed soil. While the White Sands site is mainly dunes of gypsum sand which provides relatively good homogenous emissivity target. More than a dozen ASTER scenes over these New Mexico test sites have been acquired since the launch of Terra in December 1999. There were simultaneous field campaigns in May of 2000, 2001 and 2002 and September/October 2001 and 2002. Also, simultaneous MASTER (MODIS-ASTER airborne simulator) coverage was obtained for several of the dates. In spite of the 90 m resolution, the results appear to be in good quantitative agreement with laboratory measurements of the emissivity for the quartz rich soils of the Jornada with values < 0.85 for the 8 - 9 micrometer channels. For the longest wavelength channels little spatial variation of the emissivity was observed with values of 0.96 +/- 0.005 over large areas. Emissivity values derived from several ASTER scenes for the gypsum at White Sands were in good agreement with field measurements and values calculated from the lab spectra for gypsum and with each other. Gypsum has a strong emissivity minimum centered on the ASTER 8.63 micrometer band, and the satellite results for this band agree within 0.01 of the value calculated from the laboratory spectra. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1873 EP 1875 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500614 ER PT B AU Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Doraiswamy, PC McMurtrey, JE Russ, AL AF Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Doraiswamy, PC McMurtrey, JE Russ, AL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Remote sensing of crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE AB Crop residues on the soil surface reduce soil erosion and affect water infiltration, evaporation, and soil temperatures. Crop residues also influence the flow of nutrients, carbon, water, and energy in agricultural ecosystems. Current methods of measuring crop residue cover are inadequate for monitoring large areas. One promising remote sensing approach for discriminating crop residues from soil is based on a broad absorption band near 2100 nm that appears in plant materials and is absent in most soils. The cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measured the relative depth of this absorption feature, was linearly related to crop residue cover. High-altitude AVIRIS data acquired on 11 May 2000 prior to spring crop planting at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Maryland were analyzed. NDVI was calculated using bands centered at 827 nm and 646 nm and CAI was calculated using bands at 2031, 2101, and 2211 nm. Agricultural fields with low green vegetation cover (low NDVI) were classified into three tillage categories based on crop residue cover determined by CAI. Fields with >30% residue cover were classified as conservation tillage; those with 15-30% residue cover as reduced tillage; and those with <15% residue cover as intensive tillage. The tillage classification agreed with ground observations in corn harvested for grain and tilled fields. Soybean fields and mowed alfalfa fields had low residue cover even with no tillage. Thus, both residue cover and previous crop type are necessary to classify tillage intensity in agricultural fields. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Daughtry, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 2192 EP 2194 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500719 ER PT B AU Doraiswamy, PC Akhmedov, B Stem, A Hatfield, JL Prueger, J AF Doraiswamy, PC Akhmedov, B Stem, A Hatfield, JL Prueger, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI MODIS applications for mapping regional crop yields SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE MODIS LAI; crop yield AB Monitoring crop condition and yields at regional scales using traditional operational NOAA AVHRR data remains challenging. The 1 kin spatial resolution with two primary spectral bands is not adequate for development of field level canopy parameters. MODIS imagery offers an opportunity for daily coverage and adequate resolution required in operational applications. The objective of this research is to investigate the applicability of the 8-day MODIS composite data in the operational programs for crop condition and yield assessment. A field study was conducted in the predominantly corn and soybean area of Iowa in the Upper Midwest U.S. Crop yields were simulated at 250 in resolution and results were mapped for the study area. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doraiswamy, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 2197 EP 2199 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500721 ER PT B AU Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A AF Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Mapping land surface window (8-12 mu m) emissivity from ASTER thermal data SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE component; thermal infrared; emissivity; radiation budget; Sahara Desert; surface energy balance ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; PART AB Land surface window (8-12 mum) emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the longwave radiation budget in the study of earth-atmosphere system. This paper focuses on estimation and validation of the window emissivity using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data. Using this sensor, it is possible to estimate surface spectral emissivity for five channels in thermal infrared region. An example is presented for a desert region in North Africa. In this paper, a multiple regression was used to relate the five ASTER emissivities to the window emissivity. This regression was developed using laboratory spectral measurement data. We validated this approach using a field radiometer that has a window channel and five spectral channels similar to ASTER's wavelengths. The predicted window emissivities agreed within 0.01 RMSE of measured window emissivity. We applied this regression to emissivities extracted from ASTER data acquired in 2001 and 2002 over a 400 km by 1200 km area in the Sahara Desert. The derived emissivity map showed that the value widely ranges between 0.82 and 0.96 in desert region. These results show that ASTER data is useful for mapping the spatial variations of surface window emissivity over large area in the deserts of the world. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 3213 EP 3215 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293501061 ER PT B AU McMurtrey, JE Middleton, EM Corp, LA Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM Daughtry, CST AF McMurtrey, JE Middleton, EM Corp, LA Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM Daughtry, CST GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Optical reflectance and fluorescence for detecting nitrogen needs in Zea mays l. SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB Nitrogen (N) status in field grown corn (Zea mays L.) was assessed using spectral techniques. Passive airborne hyperspectral reflectance remote sensing, passive leaf level reflectance, and both passive and active leaf level fluorescence sensing methods were tested. Reflectance of leaves could track total Cha levels in the red dip of the spectrum and auxiliary plant pigments of Chb and carotenoids in the yellow/orange/red edge reflectance. Based on leaf level reflectance behavior, a modified chlorophyll absorption reflectance index (MCARI) method was tested with narrow bands from the Airborne Imaging Spectroradiometer for Applications. MCARI indices could detect variations in N levels across field plots. At the leaf level, ratios of fluorescence emissions in the blue, green, red and far-red wavelengths sensed responses that were associated with the plant pigments, and were indicative of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Fluorescence emissions of leaves could distinguish N stressed corn from those with optimally applied N. Reflectance and fluorescence methods are sensitive in detecting corn N needs and may be especially powerful in monitoring crop conditions if both types of information can be combined. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McMurtrey, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 4602 EP 4604 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293501517 ER PT J AU Granstrom, DE AF Granstrom, DE TI Agricultural (Nonbiomedical) animal research outside the laboratory: A review of guidelines for institutional animal care and use committees SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agricultural animals; animal welfare; IACUC; livestock; research AB Challenges and published guidelines associated with appropriate care and use of farm animals in agricultural research conducted outside the laboratory are briefly reviewed. The Animal Welfare Act (Title 9 of the 2000 Code of Federal Regulations), which regulates the care and use of agricultural animals in biomedical research, does not include livestock and poultry used in agricultural research. Farm animal research funded (and thereby regulated) by the US Public Health Service is further discussed in the National Research Council's 1996 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. However, neither of these guidelines adequately addresses the unique attributes of research and teaching designed to improve production agriculture. That information is contained in the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching (the Ag Guide), published by the Federation of Animal Science Societies in 1999. The Ag Guide provides excellent general recommendations for agricultural animal research. It serves as an invaluable resource for institutional animal care and use committees, which attempt to balance the welfare of farm animals and the needs of those working to improve animal agriculture. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Granstrom, DE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH, NATL RES COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 752XA UT WOS:000187200400005 PM 12789021 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Serpico, SB TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing VIII CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; Terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 in stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4667-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4885 BP XI EP XXII PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW50E UT WOS:000182227400001 ER PT S AU El Sabbagh, MA Ramahi, OM Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Khan, L AF El Sabbagh, MA Ramahi, OM Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Khan, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Use of microstrip patch antennas in grain permittivity measurement SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FREE-SPACE; DENSITY; SENSORS; GHZ AB In this paper, a compact size free-space setup ss proposed for the measurement of complex permittivity of granular materials. The horn antennas in the conventional setup are replaced by microstrip patch antennas which is a step toward system miniaturization. The experimental results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained with horn antennas. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP El Sabbagh, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 640 EP 644 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200123 ER PT S AU Kandala, CVK AF Kandala, CVK GP IEEE IEEE TI Moisture determination in single peanut pods by complex RF impedance measurement SO IMTC/O3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB It was earlier determined that moisture content (mc) in single and in small samples of peanut kernels can be determined by measuring the complex impedance of a parallel-plate capacitor with the kernel or kernels between the plates. In this method capacitance (C), phase angle (theta) andlor dissipation factor (D) were measured with the kernels' between the plates at two frequencies of 1.0 and 4.5 MHz and these values were used in an empirical equation to calculate the mc. Moisture content values obtained,by this method were independent of variation in the size of the kernels and the mc of the kernels tested was between 5 and 15% for. single kernels and 6 and 20% for small samples. The predicted moisture contents were within 1% of the standard air-oven values for over 90% of the single kernels tested. In this present work an attempt was made to assess the feasibility of estimating the mc of single peanut pods from the complex impedance measurements made on a parallel-plate capacitor holding the pod, at two frequencies 1 and 5 MHz. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39843 USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39843 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7705-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2003 BP 645 EP 647 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW86A UT WOS:000183417200124 ER PT J AU Smagghe, GJ Elsen, K Loeb, MJ Gelman, DB Blackburn, M AF Smagghe, GJ Elsen, K Loeb, MJ Gelman, DB Blackburn, M TI Effects of a fat body extract on larval midgut cells and growth of lepidoptera SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE midgut stem cells; 20-hydroxyecdysone; metamorphosis; hyperplasia; Lymantria dispar; Spodoptera littoralis ID IN-VITRO; IMAGINAL DISKS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; COTTON LEAFWORM; TESTIS SHEATHS; STEM-CELLS; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; DIFFERENTIATION; METAMORPHOSIS AB Treatment with fat body extract (FBX) from pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, caused mortality in larvae of two pest lepidopterans, the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. In FBX-treated larvae, the feeding rate was depressed, causing reduced weight gain and then larval death. Their midgut showed formation of multicellular layers of midgut epidermis, indicating stem-cell hyperplasia. Hence, the integument of FBX-treated larvae had a double cuticle, indicating induction of premature molting. But radioimmunoassay measurements confirmed that the amount of ectysteroids in FBX was too low to be responsible for the molt-inducing effects observed after treatment with FBX. With midgut stem cell cultures in vitro, addition of FBX to the culture medium stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was compared with those of insect molting hormones, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone; an ecdysteroid agonist, RH-2485; and a purified protein from FBX (multiplication factor). This article describes the mode of action of FBX and possible interplay between fat body factor(s) and insect hormones in the development and metamorphosis of the insect midgut. C1 State Univ Ghent, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, Dept Biol, Lab Cellular Genet, Brussels, Belgium. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smagghe, GJ (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Crop Protect, Lab Agrozool, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 708DG UT WOS:000184551400003 ER PT J AU Ramaswamy, GN Sellers, T Tao, WY Crook, LG AF Ramaswamy, GN Sellers, T Tao, WY Crook, LG TI Kenaf nonwovens as substrates for laminations SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE kenaf; nonwoven; bast fibers; value-added products; laminates; substrates; natural fibers ID FIBER AB Laminated products are used universally in the manufacture of furniture, kitchen cabinets, fixtures, wall-coverings, displays, and various other products. Laminates are usually made of two layers, the underlayer or substrate and a decorative upper layer, made of vinyl, polyester, melamine, etc., that is bonded to the substrate. These substrates can be made of many different types of natural or synthetic fibers. Kenaf's mechanical properties makes it an excellent fiber-source for nonwoven textile materials. Kenaf nonwoven substrates can be used in wall-coverings, upholstery covers, edge banding materials and other laminates. The purpose of this study is to show the feasibility of making nonwoven textiles with kenaf fibers that can be used in laminated products. Therefore, kenaf fibers were blended with polypropylene at a ratio of 80:20, and batts were prepared using a modified cotton card in regular widths. The batts were either calendered or needlepunched and cured in an oven to make the substrates. These substrates were then laminated with various kinds of overlays such as polyester wood grain, phenolic resin impregnated kraft paper, and decorative vinyl. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Apparel Text & Interior Design, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Hollingsworth, Greenville, SC USA. RP Ramaswamy, GN (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Apparel Text & Interior Design, 223 Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 AR PII S0926-6690(02)00040-7 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00040-7 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 633HU UT WOS:000180277400001 ER PT J AU Dierig, DA Grieve, CM Shannon, MC AF Dierig, DA Grieve, CM Shannon, MC TI Selection for salt tolerance in Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Wats. SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE hydroxy fatty acids; leaf-ion content; lesquerolic acid; salinity; salt tolerance; seed oil ID GERMPLASM AB In a study conducted in 1997-1998 to determine the salt tolerance of Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Wats., saline irrigation waters greater than 21 dS m(-1) electrical conductivity were found to cause high plant mortality. Surviving plants were inter-mated under controlled conditions and seeds were collected from these plants. The following season, seeds of the selected salt tolerant full-sibs, designated WCL-SL1, were direct-seeded into 21 outdoor sand tanks, along with two other lines. One line was the original seed planted the previous year called '1986 bulk', and the other was an unselected line, designated 'line 54'. In an effort to determine whether salt tolerance is a heritable trait in lesquerella, this study compared the salinity response of WOL-SL1 with the two other lines. After seeding into the sand tanks, they were irrigated daily with complete nutrient solutions. Seven salinity treatments were imposed by stepwise additions of mixed salt salinity composed of Na+, SO42-, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Final electrical conductivities (ECi) of the irrigation waters were 3, 7, 11, 15, 18, 21 and 24 dS m(-1). Two weeks after salinization, significant treatment differences in both plant height and survival were observed among lines. The parental line '1986 bulk' was most sensitive, WCL-SL1 line most tolerant, and 'line 54' intermediate. Shoot weights in all lines decreased as a function of increasing salinity and ranked mean differences within lines were consistent across all salinity levels. At 7, 15 and 18 dS m(-1) salinity levels, the shoot weights of the WCL-SL1 line were significantly greater than the parental line. Total seed oil and lesquerolic acid contents increased significantly as irrigation water salinity increased from 3 to 18 dS m(-1). Improved salt tolerance of line WCL-SL1 was not attributed to differences in mineral ion uptake and accumulation in leaf tissue. Our results indicate that a single cycle of selection with lesquerella in salinized sand cultures resulted in an improved lesquerella line that had higher absolute and relative salt tolerance based on seedling survival, plant height, shoot biomass production, and seed yield than the original line. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dierig, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 AR PII S0926-6690(02)00054-7 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00054-7 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 633HU UT WOS:000180277400003 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, RA TI Seed conditioning and meadowfoam press oil quality SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE limnanthes; meadowfoam; press oil AB Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) is a specialty oilseed crop that contains a high percentage of C20 and C22 fatty acids. Specialty oilseed crops require different processing conditions than commodity oilseeds. Meadowfoam seeds were conditioned at moisture levels of 4, 6, or 8%, and temperatures of 70, 90, or 110 degreesC prior to expelling to investigate the effects of conditioning on press oil properties. The quality and yield of the resulting press oils were evaluated. Increasing the moisture content and temperature of seeds prior to expelling increased the levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in the press oils, 0.51% at 70 degreesC and 4% moisture compared with 1.77% at 110 degreesC and 8% moisture. The oil yield and corresponding fatty acid profiles were not altered by the various treatment conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 AR PII S0926-6690(02)00055-9 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00055-9 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 633HU UT WOS:000180277400004 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Rahner, TE Palmer, MV Cheng, D Nonnecke, BJ Whipple, DL AF Waters, WR Rahner, TE Palmer, MV Cheng, D Nonnecke, BJ Whipple, DL TI Expression of L-selectin (CD62L), CD44, and CD25 on activated bovine T cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION; AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; MARKER EXPRESSION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle represents a natural host-pathogen interaction and, in addition to its economic and zoonotic impact, represents a model for human tuberculosis. Extravasation and trafficking of activated lymphocytes to inflammatory sites is modulated by differential expression of multiple surface adhesion molecules. However, effects of M. bovis infection on adhesion molecule expression have not been characterized. To determine these changes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis-infected cattle were stimulated with M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and evaluated concurrently for proliferation and activation marker expression. Stimulation with PPD or PWM increased CD25 and CD44 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and decreased CD62L MFI on CD4(+) cells from infected animals. CD62L MFI on PPD- and PWM-stimulated gammadelta T-cell receptor-positive (TCR+) and CD8(+) cells was also reduced compared to that of nonstimulated gammadelta TCR+ and CD8(+) cells. Using a flow cytometry-based proliferation assay, it was determined that proliferating cells, regardless of lymphocyte subset, exhibited increased expression of CD25 and CD44 and decreased expression of CD62L compared to cells that had not proliferated. In contrast to proliferation, activation-induced apoptosis of CD4(+) cells resulted in a significant down regulation of CD44 expression. Lymphocytes obtained from lungs of M. bovis-infected cattle also had reduced expression of CD44 compared to lymphocytes from lungs of noninfected cattle. These alterations in surface molecule expression upon activation likely impact trafficking to sites of inflammation and the functional capacity of these cells within tuberculous granulomas. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Flow Cytometry Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.1.317-326.2003 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 632EZ UT WOS:000180212000039 PM 12496181 ER PT B AU Doran, JW AF Doran, JW BE Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Unver, I TI Soil health: agent of sustainable management and environmental remediation SO INNOVATIVE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL IZMIR, TURKEY SP Univ Ankara, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci DE soil health; economic sustainability; environmental sustainability ID QUALITY; CARBON AB Interest in soil quality and health has grown with awareness that soil is vital to life on earth both in production of food and fiber and global ecosystems function and environmental stability. Agriculture needs economic soil management practices that provide sufficient food and fiber yet maintain environmental stability, ecological integrity, and the quality of essential soil, water, and air resources. Our journey towards sustainable land management starts with identification of our final destination or goals, the strategies or course by which we will get there, and the indicators that we are going the right direction. Strategies for sustainable management include conserving soil organic matter, minimizing erosion, balancing production with environmental needs, and making better use of renewable resources. In this regard, soil health is a major indicator of sustainable management. Criteria for indicators of soil health relate mainly to their utility in defining ecosystem processes and integrating physical, chemical, and biological properties; their sensitivity to management and climatic variations; and their accessibility and utility to agricultural specialists, producers, conservationists, and policy makers. Although soils have inherent quality as related to their physical, chemical, and biological properties within climate and ecosystem boundaries, the ultimate determinant of soil quality and health is the land manager. As such, the assessment of soil quality or health, and direction of change with time, is the primary indicator of sustainable management and environmental remediation. Examples are given of approaches for assessing soil health to define the economic and environmental sustainability of land management practices and to 'translate our science into practice'. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Doran, JW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-09971-9 PY 2003 BP 184 EP 194 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW42L UT WOS:000181954500014 ER PT B AU Schepers, JS AF Schepers, JS BE Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Unver, I TI Environmental and socio-economic implications of government land management programs SO INNOVATIVE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL IZMIR, TURKEY SP Univ Ankara, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci DE agency policies; environment; subsidies; socio-economics; water quality ID MAIZE AB Governmental programs that address commodity surplus problems, stabilize prices that are paid to producers, and encourage producers to adopt specific cultural practices are sometimes implemented without prudent consideration for the impact that these programs could have on the environment and efforts to manage natural resources. Examples from around the world demonstrate that well-intended governmental programs and management strategies have not always accomplished the intended results and sometimes even generate other problems and concerns. For example, government programs frequently involve purchasing a commodity at an established support price that may be associated with an attempt to limit production, thereby protecting producers against extremely low commodity prices and stabilizing commodity prices paid by consumers. Such policies may not have the intended effect because they may encourage producers to improve management of the remaining assets. This shift in emphasis may divert excess capital and resources to other enterprises, thus causing other production and socio-economic problems. The net effect can be a series of trickle-down adjustments in the supply/demand options, and along the way nutrient management and natural resource conservation strategies can get interrupted or abandoned. It seems that all too often, one segment of government works to solve a problem, but innocently creates several more problems for somebody else to address. The implications of some programs become apparent within months or a few years, but in other cases programs have slowly changed the demographics of entire communities or regions. Differences in price-support strategies and marketing of agricultural products in the international arena have had significant implications on how producers and consumers respond to food safety and environmental concerns. A greater effort is needed to make policy-makers aware of the potential for socio-economic shifts and adverse environmental implications of proposed programs. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Schepers, JS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-09971-9 PY 2003 BP 278 EP 287 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW42L UT WOS:000181954500020 ER PT B AU Suarez, DL AF Suarez, DL BE Lynch, JM Schepers, JS Unver, I TI Advanced salinity management concepts in agriculture with limited water resources SO INNOVATIVE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL IZMIR, TURKEY SP Univ Ankara, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci DE salinity; sodicity; water quality; irrigation; management; modeling ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; RECLAMATION; CHEMISTRY; IMAGERY; FLOW AB Existing guidelines for salinity and sodicity, as well as related management recommendations, were developed for generalized use, without consideration of the specific soil, chemical, physical, climatic and plant conditions at each location. Recent advances in instrumentation, increased understanding of the physical and chemical processes, and development of sophisticated computer simulation programs now allow us to develop more site specific management recommendations. New instrumentation technology exists for rapid remote sensing of salinity and representation of the spatial distribution. This information can be utilized to diagnose the cause of the salinity problem and devise a water efficient reclamation strategy. Simulation models can be used as tools to evaluate the extent to which the soil chemical or physical properties need to be modified, taking into consideration the available drainage, evapotranspiration requirements, water quality and quantity, crop salt tolerance and acceptable relative yield. Applications to management problems include evaluation of when to use supplemental saline water for irrigation during late crop stage if fresh water is not available and as well as evaluation of plant response to ion balances and osmotic pressure. Other examples include sodic soil management options where, rather than specify a fixed exchangeable sodium percentage, the user can allow for tradeoff of water quantity, amendment type and mode of application, green manuring etc., taking into consideration the different time requirements for different soil types and different reclamation practices. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-09971-9 PY 2003 BP 417 EP 443 PG 27 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW42L UT WOS:000181954500030 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Porter, SD AF Valles, SM Porter, SD TI Identification of polygyne and monogyne fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta) by multiplex PCR of Gp-9 alleles SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE monogyne; polygyne; Solenopsis invicta; Gp-9 ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE AB Oligonucleotide primers were designed to discriminate between the Gp-9(B) and Gp-9(b) alleles found in monogyne and polygyne colonies of fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Primers specific for the Gp-9(B) allele produced a 517 bp amplicon and primers, specific for Gp-9(b) allele produced a 423 bp amplicon. When both sets of primers were multiplexed, homozygous monogyne ants produced a single 517 bp amplicon (specific for Gp-9(B)), whereas heterozygous polygyne ants produced one 517 bp amplicon and one 423 bp amplicon (specific for Gp-9(B) and Gp-9(b), respectively) which allowed the Gp-9 alleles to be discerned in a single reaction. This method was tested on ants from 20 monogyne colonies and 20 polygyne colonies and was 100% accurate in discriminating the two forms. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 7 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00040-003-0662-8 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 676JK UT WOS:000182747500015 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, HR Ellis, AM Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, HR Ellis, AM Elzen, PJ TI Social encapsulation of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) by European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; social encapsulation; A. tumida behavior; trophallaxis ID BEES; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB European and African subspecies of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) utilize social encapsulation to contain the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray), a honeybee colony scavenger. Using social encapsulation, African honeybees successfully limit beetle reproduction that can devastate host colonies. In sharp contrast, European honeybees often fail to contain beetles, possibly because their social encapsulation skills may be less developed than those of African honeybees. In this study, we quantify beetle and European honeybee behaviours associated with social encapsulation, describe colony and time (morning and evening) differences in these behaviours (to identify possible circadian rhythms), and detail intra-colonial, encapsulated beetle distributions. The data help explain the susceptibility of European honeybees to depredation by small hive beetles. There were significant colony differences in a number of social encapsulation behaviours (the number of beetle prisons and beetles per prison, and the proportion of prison guard bees biting at encapsulated beetles) suggesting that successful encapsulation of beetles by European bees varies between colonies. We also found evidence for the existence of circathan rhythms in small hive beetles, as they were more active in the evening rather than morning. In response to increased beetle activity during the evening, there was an increase in the number of prison guard bees during evening. Additionally, the bees successfully kept most (similar to93%) beetles out of the combs at all times, suggesting that social encapsulation by European honeybees is sufficient to control small populations of beetles (as seen in this study) but may ultimately fail if beetle populations are high. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 286 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s00040-003-0671-7 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 724KY UT WOS:000185487800015 ER PT S AU Hahn, GL Mader, TL Eigenberg, RA AF Hahn, GL Mader, TL Eigenberg, RA BE Lacettera, N Bermabucci, U Khalifa, HH Ronchi, B Nardone, A TI Perspective on development of thermal indices for animal studies and management SO INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CLIMATE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION TECHNICAL SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interaction Between Clinate and Animal Production CY SEP 04, 2003 CL VITERBO, ITALY SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Commiss Anim Biometeorol, Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Produz Anim DE thermal indices; farm animals; biological response functions; research; environmental management ID TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY INDEX; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; DAIRY-CATTLE; HEAT-STRESS; LIVESTOCK; PERFORMANCE; CLIMATE; COWS AB Heat exchanges with the environment are a crucial process for maintaining homeothermy by humans and other animals. These exchanges involve heat production, conservation and dissipation, and are dependent on both biological and physical factors. The complexity of these exchanges have led to many attempts to represent the environmental aspects by surrogate thermal indices as a basis for assessing the biological effect and consequent impact of the thermal environment. Resultant index values represent effects produced by the heat exchange process. For humans, comfort assessment is primary; for animals, assessing performance, health and well-being have been foremost. This dichotomy of approaches is discussed from the perspectives of past and current indices, and considerations for future efforts. Emphasis is on thermal indices useful in animal studies and applications, with a view toward strategic and tactical decisions for rational environmental management. Numerous illustrative examples are included. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hahn, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 65 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 8 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7318 BN 90-76998-26-4 J9 EAAP TECH PY 2003 IS 7 BP 31 EP 44 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX84E UT WOS:000186626100002 ER PT S AU Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL AF Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL BE Lacettera, N Bermabucci, U Khalifa, HH Ronchi, B Nardone, A TI Shade effects on physiological responses of feeder cattle SO INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CLIMATE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION TECHNICAL SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interaction Between Clinate and Animal Production CY SEP 04, 2003 CL VITERBO, ITALY SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Commiss Anim Biometeorol, Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Produz Anim C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7318 BN 90-76998-26-4 J9 EAAP TECH PY 2003 IS 7 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX84E UT WOS:000186626100023 ER PT S AU Cooper, CM Moore, MT Bennett, ER Smith, S Farris, JL AF Cooper, CM Moore, MT Bennett, ER Smith, S Farris, JL BE Wetzel, RG TI Alternative environmental benefits of agricultural drainage ditches SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 4, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID BUFFER STRIPS; PEAT AREAS; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; ATRAZINE; BANKS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cooper, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54063-8 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2003 VL 28 BP 1678 EP 1682 PN 4 PG 5 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW75Q UT WOS:000183070200008 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Swanson, GD AF Engeman, RM Swanson, GD TI On analytical methods and inferences for 2x2 contingency table data using wildlife examples SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE chi-square (chi(2)); Fisher's exact test; McNemar's test; small sample ID PROPORTIONS AB The 2 x 2 contingency table is a common analytical method for wildlife studies, but inappropriate analyses and inferences are not uncommon. Issues of concern are presented for selecting the appropriate test for analyzing these data sets. These include the choice of test relative to experimental or sampling design and breadth of intended inferences, the careful statement of hypotheses, and analyses with small sample sizes. Examples from the wildlife literature are used to reinforce the statistical concepts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Phys Educ & Exercise Sci Dept, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), US Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2003 VL 52 IS 4 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(03)00111-2 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 745KB UT WOS:000186686900007 ER PT J AU Kartal, SN Green, F AF Kartal, SN Green, F TI Decay and termite resistance of medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from different wood species SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE medium density fiberboard (MDF); decay resistance; termite resistance; Gloeophyllum trabeum; Postia placenta; Trametes versicolor; Reticulitermes flavipes ID WHITE CYPRESS PINE; NATURAL DURABILITY; PARTICLEBOARDS; PRODUCTS AB Medium density fiberboard (MDF) production worldwide is increasing due to the development of new manufacturing technologies. As a result, MDF products are increasingly utilized in traditional wood applications that require fungal and insect resistance. This study evaluated the ability of white and brown rot fungi and termites to decompose MDF consisting of different wood species by measuring weight loss. Furnish in the boards was prepared from heart and sapwood portions of pine (Pinus nigra Arnold var. pallasiana), beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), and European oak (Quercus robur L.) species. Fungal decay resistance tests were performed according to ASTM D 2017-81 standard method using two brown-rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. (Mad 617), Postia placenta (Fries) M. Larsen et Lombard (Mad 698), and one white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L. ex Ft.) Pilat (Mad 697). MDF and wood specimens were also bioassayed against the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) in order to determine termite resistance of the specimens. MDF specimens containing oak and mixed furnish demonstrated increased durability against decay fungi. Only pine, oak, and mixed MDF specimens met the 25% or less weight loss limit to be classified resistant according to ASTM D 2017-81 standard method. Overall, MDF specimens made from oak showed better performance than oak solid wood specimens. Accelerated aging according to ASTM D 1037-96a standard method before fungal bioassay decreased fungal resistance of the specimens. In contrast to the fungal bioassay, MDF specimens made from beech and mixed furnish showed decreased weight losses from termite attack after 4 weeks. However, none of the MDF specimens were resistant to termite attack. In severe conditions, the MDFs may require the incorporation of chemical biocides prior to board production for increasing the resistance of MDF to termite attack. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-80895 Istanbul, Turkey. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kartal, SN (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Fac Forestry, TR-80895 Istanbul, Turkey. RI Kartal, Nami/E-6516-2013 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 AR PII S0964-8305(02)00072-0 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00072-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 621DJ UT WOS:000179573000003 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Green, F AF Clausen, CA Green, F TI Oxalic acid overproduction by copper-tolerant brown-rot basidiomycetes on southern yellow pine treated with copper-based preservatives SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE oxalic acid; copper tolerance; ammoniacal copper quat; ammoniacal copper citrate; chromated copper arsenate; oxine copper (copper-8-quinolinolate); copper-based preservative ID WOLFIPORIA-COCOS; FUNGI; FR AB Accumulation of oxalic acid (OA) by brown-rot fungi and precipitation of copper oxalate crystals in wood decayed by copper-tolerant decay fungi has implicated OA in the mechanism of copper tolerance. Understanding the role of OA in copper tolerance is important due to an increasing reliance on copper-based wood preservatives. In this study, four copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi were evaluated for decay capacity and OA production in early stages of exposure to four waterborne copper-based wood preservatives (ammonical copper quat type B and D, ammonical copper citrate, and chromated copper arsenate, type C) and one oilborne copper-based wood preservative (oxine copper) in southern yellow pine blocks. Weight losses were less than 14% during the 4-week incubation. The presence of copper in waterborne preservatives uniformly stimulated OA production by the test fungi within 2 weeks of exposure of the treated blocks to test fungi; 66% to 93% more OA was produced in treated blocks than untreated controls. Oxine copper, a nickel-containing oilborne preservative, prevented both weight loss and OA production in all fungi tested. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 AR PII S0964-8305(02)00098-7 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00098-7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657HW UT WOS:000181661200009 ER PT J AU Green, F Clausen, CA AF Green, F Clausen, CA TI Copper tolerance of brown-rot fungi: time course of oxalic acid production SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE oxalic acid; copper tolerance; ammoniacal copper citrate; brown-rot fungi ID PLACENTA FR CKE; TREATED WOOD; DECAY; REMOVAL; OXALATE; CCA AB The increase in the use of non-arsenical copper-based wood preservatives in response to environmental concerns has been accompanied by interest in copper-tolerant decay fungi. Oxalic acid production by brown-rot fungi has been proposed as one mechanism of copper tolerance. Fifteen brown-rot fungi representing the genera Postia, Wolfiporia, Meruliporia, Gloeophyllum, Laetiporus, Coniophora, Antrodia, Serpula, and Tyromyces were evaluated for oxalic acid production bi-weekly in southern yellow pine (SYP) blocks treated with 1.2% ammoniacal copper citrate (CC). Eleven fungi were designated copper-tolerant based upon weight loss in CC-treated blocks. After 2 weeks, these fungi produced 2-17 times more oxalic acid in CC-treated blocks than in untreated blocks. After 10 weeks, weight loss ranged from 32% to 57% in CC-treated SYP. Four fungi were copper sensitive, producing low levels of oxalic acid and minimal weight loss in CC-treated blocks. Rapid induction of oxalic acid appeared to correlate closely with copper tolerance. We conclude that the brown-rot fungi tested that were able to exceed and maintain an oxalic acid concentration of greater than or equal to 600 mumol/g effectively decayed SYP treated with CC. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Green, F (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot DR, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 AR PII S0964-8305(02)00099-9 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00099-9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657HW UT WOS:000181661200010 ER PT J AU Fasina, OO Farkas, BE Fleming, HP AF Fasina, OO Farkas, BE Fleming, HP TI Thermal and dielectric properties of sweetpotato puree SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB Pureeing of sweetpotato (SP) is carried out to enhance the conversion of the roots into value-added products. During processing, production and home utilization, the puree is often heated (conventional cooking or microwaved), hence the need to measure the corresponding properties of SP puree. Thermal (specific heat, thermal conductivity, density, and thermal diffusivity) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor) of SP puree were determined within a temperature range of 5 to 80degreesC. Increase in temperature increased the specific heat (3.70-3.78 kJ/kg K), thermal conductivity (0.52-0.78 W/mK), and thermal diffusivity (1.98 x 10(-7)-4.25 x 10(-7) m(2)/s) of SP puree. The density (705-485 kg/m(3)) of the puree decreased with temperature. Both temperature and frequency (900-2500 MHz) significantly affected the dielectric constant (60.5-73.0) and dielectric loss factor (16.5-29.5) of SP puree. At the two frequencies (915 and 2450 MHz) used in industrial food processing, calculations showed that the penetration depth was not significantly affected by temperature at 2450 MHz, while at 915 MHz, the penetration depth decreased with temperature. C1 Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fasina, OO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fasina@eng.auburn.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1094-2912 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1081/JFP-120021459 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 736EU UT WOS:000186159100009 ER PT J AU Wu, L Guo, X Banuelos, GS AF Wu, L Guo, X Banuelos, GS TI Selenium and sulfur accumulation and soil selenium dissipation in planting of four herbaceous plant species in soil contaminated with drainage sediment rich in both selenium and sulfur SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; selenium accumulation; sulfur accumulation; soil selenium dissipation; selenium nonaccumulator plants ID WHITE CLOVER; TALL FESCUE; VOLATILIZATION; SULFATE; ROOTS; DIMETHYLSELENIDE; ASSIMILATION; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; SALINITY AB Four selenium (Se) nonaccumulator plant species, including a forage grass species, Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a forage legume species, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a wetland species, Rush (Juncus tenuis Wild.), and a dry-land alkaline soil species, Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L.), were grown in soil contaminated by agricultural drainage sediment having elevated levels of Se and sulfur (S). The above-ground plant tissues were consecutively harvested five times and examined for Se and S accumulation. Plant tissue Se concentrations ranged from 23.0 mg kg(-1) to 8.3 mg kg(-1). Tissue S concentrations ranged from 3239 mg kg(-1) to 7034 mg kg(-1). Both tissue Se and S concentrations were significantly different between harvests, species, and species/harvest interactions. Total Se accumulation by the plant biomass harvested ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 mg per soil column and total S accumulations ranged from 87.5 to 321.1 mg per soil column. The reduction in the percentage of total soil Se after 24 weeks growth of the plant species ranged from 12.0% in the Tall Fescue planting to 17.3% in the Rush planting. Over 90% of the soil Se losses were unidentified losses and leaching of Se was prevented. The accumulations of Se and S in the plant biomass were very small compared with the total soil Se and S losses, but substantial amounts of total soil Se (12.0 to 15.0%) and S (28.0 to 50.9%) inventories were dissipated by the growing and harvesting of the plants. The soil S concentration was several hundred times higher than the soil Se concentration, but Se accumulation by the plants and Se dissipation from the soil were not impaired by the high level of soil sulfur. For natural grassland habitat restoration, such as at the Kesterson Wildlife Refuge in the Central Valley of California, or for restoration of large-scale Se contaminated agricultural lands, Se nonaccumulator plant species are favorable candidates, because the possibility of introducing Se toxicity into the food chain can be minimized. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1080/16226510390856457 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663KU UT WOS:000182005400003 PM 12710233 ER PT J AU Abou-Shanab, RI Delorme, TA Angle, JS Chaney, RL Ghanem, K Moawad, H Ghozlan, HA AF Abou-Shanab, RI Delorme, TA Angle, JS Chaney, RL Ghanem, K Moawad, H Ghozlan, HA TI Phenotypic characterization of microbes in the rhizosphere of Alyssum murale SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; Alyssum murale; Ni uptake; rhizosphere; acid bacteria; phosphate solubilizing bacteria; siderophore; Ni resistant ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; TOXIC METALS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BACTERIA ENHANCE; CHEMICAL-CHANGES; MARINE-BACTERIA; SOIL; PLANTS; HYPERACCUMULATOR; MICROORGANISMS AB Metal hyperaccumulator plants like Alyssum murale are used for phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soils. Soil microorganisms are known to play an important role in nutrient acquisition for plants, however, little is known about the rhizosphere microorganisms of hyperaccumulators. Fresh and dry weight, and Ni and Fe concentrations in plant shoots were higher when A. murale was grown in non-sterilized compared to sterilized soils. The analysis of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of A. murale and in bulk soils demonstrated that microbial numbers were affected by the presence of the plant. Significantly higher numbers of culturable actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi were found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. A higher percent of Ni-resistant bacteria were also found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Percentage of acid producing bacteria was higher among the rhizosphere isolates compared to isolates from bulk soil. However, proportions of siderophore producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria were not affected by the presence of the plant. We hypothesize that microbes in the rhizosphere of A. murale were capable of reducing soil pH leading to an increase in metal uptake by this hyperaccumulator. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Mubarak City Sci Res, Genet Engn Inst, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Alexandria, Egypt. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Alexandria, Egypt. Natl Res Ctr, Agr Microbiol Dept, Cairo, Egypt. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ja35@umail.umd.edu OI Abou-Shanab, Reda/0000-0002-3338-8094; moawad, hassan/0000-0002-7810-9562 NR 59 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1080/16226510390268766 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763XV UT WOS:000188126500006 PM 14750563 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Li, XM Hu, ZM Zhang, JY Larson, SR Zhang, XY Grieve, CM Shannon, MC AF Wang, RRC Li, XM Hu, ZM Zhang, JY Larson, SR Zhang, XY Grieve, CM Shannon, MC TI Development of salinity-tolerant wheat recombinant lines from a wheat disomic addition line carrying a Thinopyrum junceum chromosome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE AFLP; FISH; GISH; Ph-I; salt tolerance; amphiploid; addition line; translocation line; Triticum aestivum; wheat; Thinopyrum junceum; Aegilops speltoides ID LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; SALT TOLERANCE; COMMON WHEAT; TRITICUM; GENOME; STRESS; GENE; DNA AB Three Triticum aestivum L. x Thinopyrum junceum (L.) A. Love partial amphidiploids (2n = 8x = 56; 21" ABD + 7" E-b/E-e) and 11 derived disomic addition lines (2n = 44) were screened for salt tolerance in hydroponic solutions. One addition line (AJDAj5, 21" ABD + 1" E-b) had salt tolerance comparable to that in partial amphidiploids. It was crossed to a wheat line having the Ph-I allele from Aegilops speltoides Tausch to induce homoeologous pairing. F-2 plants were subjected to salt screening and advanced to 30 F-3 families, which were screened again. Four F-3 lines were more tolerant than AJDAj5 when screened in a final electrical conductivity of 42 dS/m. Because one of the four lines was sterile, only three lines were further verified for their salinity tolerance and were cytologically and molecularly analyzed. These lines were translocation lines with 42 chromosomes having tiny fluorescent hybridization signals detected at interstitial positions of less condensed chromosomes using the genomic in situ hybridization technique. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed the presence of very few (ca. 4%) putative markers specific to the E-b-chromosome addition line. These lines also had from 2% to 14% of markers specific to the Ph inhibitor line and a few new AFLP markers that were not found in the two parental lines and the common wheat background, cv. Chinese Spring. Two recombinant lines were more salt tolerant than either parent, while the third one was as tolerant as either parent, which was more tolerant than Chinese Spring. The former two lines are valuable germplasm for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Breeding & Cultivat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1086/344556 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 639NJ UT WOS:000180635600003 ER PT J AU McHugh, CW Kolb, TE AF McHugh, CW Kolb, TE TI Ponderosa pine mortality following fire in northern Arizona SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine; logistic regression; fire; tree mortality; mortality; prediction model ID TREE MORTALITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; POSTFIRE SURVIVAL; LODGEPOLE PINE; DAMAGE; CALIFORNIA; RANGE; CROWN AB Sampling of 1367 trees was conducted in the Side wildfire (4 May 1996), Bridger-Knoll wildfire (20 June 1996) and Dauber prescribed fire (9 September 1995) in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests (Pinus ponderosa). Tree mortality was assessed for 3 years after each fire. Three-year post-fire mortality was 32.4% in the Side wildfire, 18.0% in the Dauber prescribed fire, and 13.9% in the Bridger-Knoll wildfire. In the Dauber and Side fires, 95% and 94% of 3-yearpost-fire mortality occurred by year 2, versus 76% in the Bridger-Knoll wildfire. Compared with trees that lived for 3 years after fire, dead trees in all fires had more crown scorch, crown consumption, bole scorch, ground char, and bark beetle attacks. Logistic regression models were used to provide insight on factors associated with tree mortality after fire. A model using total crown damage by fire (scorch + consumption) and bole char severity as independent variables was the best two-variable model for predicting individual tree mortality for all fires. The amount of total crown damage associated with the onset of tree mortality decreased as bole char severity increased. Models using diameter at breast height (dbh) and crown volume damage suggested that tree mortality decreased as dbh increased in the Dauber prescribed fire where trees were smallest, and tree mortality increased as dbh increased in the Side and Bridger-Knoll wildfires where trees were largest. Moreover, a U-shaped dbh-mortality distribution for all fires suggested higher mortality for the smallest and largest trees compared with intermediate-size trees. We concluded that tree mortality is strongly influenced by interaction between crown damage and bole char severity, and differences in resistance to fire among different-sized trees can vary among sites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McHugh, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM cmchugh@fs.fed.us; Tom.Kolb@nau.edu NR 72 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1071/WF02054 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 655ME UT WOS:000181555500002 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM AF Nelson, RM TI Power of the fire - a thermodynamic analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire behavior; buoyancy; atmospheric stability; entrainment; energy criterion ID MODEL; DYNAMICS AB G. M. Byram (1959) proposed a method for computing the ratio of the vertical flux of buoyancy generated by a wildfire (power of the fire P-f) to the horizontal flux of kinetic energy due to the atmospheric winds (power of the wind P-w). Utilizing this power ratio in his case studies of wildfires, Byram concluded that when the ratio exceeds unity for at least 0.3 km above the fire, phenomena associated with blowup behavior such as firewhirls, spotting, and strong indrafts occur. Though Byram made this claim over 40 years ago, there has been little effort on the part of fire researchers to test it. Byram's calculation of P-f describes an ideal case-a fire that burns in a neutrally stable atmosphere and does not entrain atmospheric air into its convection column. In the present paper, these restrictions are relaxed and Byram's calculations are repeated for a fire whose column entrains air from a non-neutral atmosphere. The new model yields a P-f that is smaller than Byram's P-f by a factor of about 2, is weakly dependent on stability, and is independent of entrainment above a height of 0.5 km. Both models are moderately restricted in that column processes involving liquid water are not considered. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Natl Forests N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1071/WF02032 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 655ME UT WOS:000181555500005 ER PT J AU Drewa, PB AF Drewa, PB TI Effects of fire season and intensity on Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan desert grasslands; fire severity; fire temperature; honey mesquite; New Mexico; shrubs; south-western United States ID LONGLEAF PINE SAVANNAS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SONORAN DESERT; NEW-MEXICO; SHRUBS; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLAND; PRECIPITATION; REGENERATION AB In pyrogenic ecosystems, responses of resprouting woody vegetation may depend more on fire season than on intensity. I explored this hypothesis by examining fire season and intensity effects on response of Prosopis glandulosa, a resprouting shrub in Chihuahuan desert grasslands of the south-western United States. Clipping as well as low and high intensity fires ( natural and added fuels, respectively) were applied during the 1999 growing season and the 2000 dormant season. Both fire season and intensity affected shrub responses. Numbers of resprouts increased 16%, and heights increased 8% after dormant season versus growing season treatments of fire and clipping combined. Height and resprout number decreased with increased fire intensity. Fire season and intensity effects on canopy area and stem growth were generally not detected. My results do not support the above hypothesis. Instead, fire season and intensity influence shrub responses in different ways via different mechanisms. Prosopis glandulosa has the potential to respond more after dormant season than growing season fires, perhaps as determined by carbohydrate availability in underground organs at the time of fire. However, realization of this potential is contingent on fire intensity as influenced primarily by fuel amount. In turn, fire intensity will determine the amount and duration of heat penetration into soils and thus the amount of damage to growing points of underground organs. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Drewa, PB (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1071/WF02021 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500003 ER PT J AU Finney, MA AF Finney, MA TI Calculation of fire spread rates across random landscapes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article ID NONHOMOGENEOUS FUEL; GROWTH-MODEL; PERIMETER; SURFACE AB An approach is presented for approximating the expected spread rate of fires that burn across 2-dimensional landscapes with random fuel patterns. The method calculates a harmonic mean spread rate across a small 2-dimensional grid that allows the fire to move forward and laterally. Within this sample grid, all possible spatial fuel arrangements are enumerated and the spread rate of an elliptical fire moving through the cells is found by searching for the minimum travel time. More columns in the sample grid are required for accurately calculating expected spread rates where very slow-burning fuels are present, because the fire must be allowed to move farther laterally around slow patches. This calculation can be used to estimate fire spread rates across spatial fuel mixtures provided that the fire shape was determined from wind and slope. Results suggest that fire spread rates on random landscapes should increase with fire size and that random locations of fuel treatments would be inefficient in changing overall fire growth rates. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1071/WF03010 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500005 ER PT J AU Sudiana, D Kuze, H Takeuchiu, N Burgan, RE AF Sudiana, D Kuze, H Takeuchiu, N Burgan, RE TI Assessing forest fire potential in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, using satellite and surface weather data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire danger; fuels; NDVI; TOMS ID RESOLUTION AB An algorithm for assessing forest fire potential is tested for Kalimantan Island, Indonesia. It is based on a fuel model map modified from the US-National Fire Danger Rating System ( US-NFDRS), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and weather data. The Indonesian fuel model map was derived using the global 4-minute land cover data set consisting of 13 classes. The NDVI data were derived from the global 4-minute NOAA-AVHRR data. The output is presented as a monthly Fire Potential Index ( FPI) from 1981 to 1993 and compared with trends in fire occurrences over the same time period. A case study illustrates correlation between the FPI and the hot-spot distribution derived from AVHRR data, as well as between the FPI and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Aerosol Index. C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Sudiana, D (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Inage Ku, 1-33 Yayoi Cho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1071/WF02035 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500006 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM AF Nelson, RM TI Reaction times and burning rates for wind tunnel headfires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE residence time; heat transfer; mass loss rate; combustion zone; fire behavior ID FOREST FUELS; FIRE; SPREAD; BEHAVIOR AB Catchpole et al. ( 1998) reported rates of spread for 357 heading and no-wind fires burned in the wind tunnel facility of the USDA Forest Service's Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana for the purpose of developing models of wildland fire behavior. The fires were burned in horizontal fuel beds with differing characteristics due to various combinations of fuel type, particle size, packing ratio, bed depth, moisture content, and wind speed. In the present paper, fuel particle and fuel bed data for 260 heading fires from that study ( plus as-yet unreported combustion efficiency and reaction time data) are used to develop models for predicting fuel bed reaction time and mass loss rate. Reaction time is computed from the flameout time of a single particle and fuel bed structural properties. It is assumed that the beds burn in a combustion regime controlled by the rate at which air mixes with volatiles produced during pyrolysis, and that not all air entering the fuel bed reaction zone participates in combustion. Comparison of reaction time and burning rate predictions with experimental values is encouraging in view of the simplified modeling approach and uncertainties associated with the experimental measurements. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Natl Forests N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 195 EP 211 DI 10.1071/WF02041 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500008 ER PT J AU Andrews, PL Loftsgaarden, DO Bradshaw, LS AF Andrews, PL Loftsgaarden, DO Bradshaw, LS TI Evaluation of fire danger rating indexes using logistic regression and percentile analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire occurrence; logistic regression; fuel models; Arizona ID MODELS AB Methods are presented for analysing the relationship between fire danger rating indexes and fire activity as a means of evaluating the performance of fire danger rating systems. Percentile analysis is used to examine the data itself; logistic regression provides a means for statistical analysis. Ranking of selected items indicates indexes that deserve further assessment using subjective considerations. Methods rely on generally available data: the fire danger index for every day in the fire season, fire discovery date, and final fire size. For logistic regression analysis, the independent variable is the index, and dependent variables are fire-day, large-fire-day, and multiple-fire-day. Data analysis methods have been incorporated into the FireFamily Plus computer program for easy application. Potential uses of the analysis include choosing the most appropriate fire danger index and fuel model for an area, evaluating proposed changes to a fire danger rating system, and assessing the performance of a system in a location other than that for which it was designed. As a demonstration, this technique was applied to evaluation of several indexes and fuel models of the U. S. National Fire Danger Rating System on the Tonto National Forest in Arizona, USA, using fire and weather data for 1974 - 2001. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Math Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Andrews, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM pandrews@fs.fed.us; lbradshaw@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1071/WF02059 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500009 ER PT J AU McHugh, CW Kolb, TE AF McHugh, CW Kolb, TE TI Ponderosa pine mortality following fire in northern Arizona (vol 12, pg 7, 2003) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Correction ID TREE MORTALITY; DOUGLAS-FIR; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; POSTFIRE SURVIVAL; LODGEPOLE PINE; DAMAGE; CALIFORNIA; RANGE; CROWN AB Sampling of 1367 trees was conducted in the Side wildfire (4 May 1996), Bridger-Knoll wildfire ( 20 June 1996) and Dauber prescribed fire ( 9 September 1995) in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests ( Pinus ponderosa). Tree mortality was assessed for 3 years after each fire. Three-year post-fire mortality was 32.4% in the Side wildfire, 18.0% in the Dauber prescribed fire, and 13.9% in the Bridger-Knoll wildfire. In the Dauber and Side fires, 95% and 94% of 3-year post-fire mortality occurred by year 2, versus 76% in the Bridger-Knoll wildfire. Compared with trees that lived for 3 years after fire, dead trees in all fires had more crown scorch, crown consumption, bole scorch, ground char, and bark beetle attacks. Logistic regression models were used to provide insight on factors associated with tree mortality after fire. A model using total crown damage by fire ( scorch + consumption) and bole char severity as independent variables was the best two-variable model for predicting individual tree mortality for all fires. The amount of total crown damage associated with the onset of tree mortality decreased as bole char severity increased. Models using diameter at breast height (dbh) and crown volume damage suggested that tree mortality decreased as dbh increased in the Dauber prescribed fire where trees were smallest, and tree mortality increased as dbh increased in the Side and Bridger-Knoll wildfires where trees were largest. Moreover, a U-shaped dbh-mortality distribution for all fires suggested higher mortality for the smallest and largest trees compared with intermediate-size trees. We concluded that tree mortality is strongly influenced by interaction between crown damage and bole char severity, and differences in resistance to fire among different-sized trees can vary among sites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McHugh, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 245 EP U16 DI 10.1071/WF02054_CO PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 694CD UT WOS:000183755500012 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Cary, GJ Parsons, R AF Keane, RE Cary, GJ Parsons, R TI Using simulation to map fire regimes: an evaluation of approaches, strategies, and limitations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire and Savanna Landscapes in Northern Australia CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL DARWIN, AUSTRALIA SP TSCRC, KCTWM DE mapping; GIS; LANDSUM; FIRESCAPE; simulation modelling; landscape modelling. ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST-LANDSCAPE; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; BOREAL FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; RANGE; VARIABILITY AB Spatial depictions of fire regimes are indispensable to fire management because they portray important characteristics of wildland fire, such as severity, intensity, and pattern, across a landscape that serves as important reference for future treatment activities. However, spatially explicit fire regime maps are difficult and costly to create requiring extensive expertise in fire history sampling, multivariate statistics, remotely sensed image classification, fire behaviour and effects, fuel dynamics, landscape ecology, simulation modelling, and geographical information systems (GIS). This paper first compares three common strategies for predicting fire regimes ( classification, empirical, and simulation) using a 51 000 ha landscape in the Selway-BitterrootWilderness Area of Montana, USA. Simulation modelling is identified as the best overall strategy with respect to developing temporally deep spatial fire patterns, but it has limitations. To illustrate these problems, we performed three simulation experiments using the LANDSUM spatial model to determine the relative importance of ( 1) simulation time span; ( 2) fire frequency parameters; and ( 3) fire size parameters on the simulation of landscape fire return interval. The model used to simulate fire regimes is also very important, so we compared two spatially explicit landscape fire succession models ( LANDSUM and FIRESCAPE) to demonstrate differences between model predictions and limitations of each on a neutral landscape. FIRESCAPE was developed for simulating fire regimes in eucalypt forests of south-eastern Australia. Finally, challenges for future simulation and fire regime research are presented including field data, scale, fire regime variability, map obsolescence, and classification resolution. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Sch Resources Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0020, Australia. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us NR 83 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 20 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1071/WF03017 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 747JW UT WOS:000186802300007 ER PT B AU DePoyster, J AF DePoyster, J GP NRC TI Transportation of primates and the animal welfare act SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: THE FUTURE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources CY APR 17-19, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP Inst Lab Anim Res C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD USA. RP DePoyster, J (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08945-X PY 2003 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Zoology SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Zoology GA BBO05 UT WOS:000226538400024 ER PT J AU Pagano, TC Mahani, S Nazemosadat, MJ Sorooshian, S AF Pagano, TC Mahani, S Nazemosadat, MJ Sorooshian, S TI Review of Middle Eastern hydroclimatology and seasonal teleconnections SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE climatology; Middle East; seasonal forecasting; El Nino/southern Oscillation; north Atlantic ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; LAST CENTURY; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; ENSO; REANALYSIS; RAINFALL; MODELS AB Interannual hydroclimatic variability in the Middle East is explored. A review is done on studies linking local climate with large-scale teleconnections. These studies suggest that El Nino has a weak tendency of bringing wetter than normal conditions to the region during fall/winter. This signal is unstable in time and has considerable decadal variability. No consensus exists on the general start and end dates of various climate epochs, nor is there an explanation of the physical causes of the decadal variability, suggesting that the interannual signal of El Nino in the Middle East may be transient and difficult to predict. In contrast, the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on temperature, precipitation and streamflow is strong, with high NAO winters favoring dry and cool conditions in the region. Recommendations are made on how to improve the ability to understand and forecast Middle Eastern interannual variability, namely, 1) improve access to instrumental data, 2) coordinate research, forecasts and user involvement through a regional forum and 3) further explore the impacts of NAO in the Middle East. C1 Shiraz Univ, Dept Irrigat, Fac Agr, Shiraz, Iran. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nazemosadat, MJ (reprint author), Shiraz Univ, Dept Irrigat, Fac Agr, Shiraz, Iran. RI Pagano, Thomas/C-4659-2011; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SHIRAZ UNIV PI SHIRAZ PA SHIRAZ, IRAN SN 0360-1307 J9 IRAN J SCI TECHNOL JI Iran. J. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 27 IS B1 BP 95 EP 109 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 700BC UT WOS:000184091900010 ER PT S AU Luo, Y Tao, Y AF Luo, Y Tao, Y BE Prange, RK TI Determining tissue damage of fresh-cut vegetables using Imaging technology SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE iceberg lettuce; baby spinach; centrifuge drying; browning; colour segmentation ID QUALITY; SYSTEM AB A method of quantitatively measuring tissue damage during fresh-cut vegetable processing was developed based on optical imaging technology. Images of damaged and undamaged tissues were acquired through a digital imaging system. The damaged areas were recognized and quantified using an Image-Pro Plus software program based on color differences of the damaged and undamaged tissues. In order to improve color differences between the damaged and undamaged tissue, the samples were stained with a 0.3% catechol solution to accelerate the browning reaction. This method was applied to determine the tissue damage of fresh-cut baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) during the centrifuge drying process. Significant differences were found among drying speeds and locations of the samples in the centrifuge drying baskets. By reducing centrifuge speed, a significant reduction in tissue damage of fresh-cut baby spinach and iceberg lettuce was obtained, especially on those located along the periphery of the centrifuge drying baskets. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-478-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 628 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BY55L UT WOS:000189407100010 ER PT S AU Gong, Y Mattheis, JP AF Gong, Y Mattheis, JP BE Prange, RK TI Effects of low oxygen on active oxygen metabolism and internal browning in 'Braeburn' apple fruit SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Malus x domestica; xanthine oxidase; NADH oxidase; NADPH oxidase; superoxide dismutase ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE ANION; PLANT-CELLS; GENERATION AB 'Braeburn' apple fruit were held in low oxygen (0.5 kPa O-2 +0.05 kPa CO2) controlled atmosphere (CA) at 0 degreesC for two months, or sealed in polyethylene bags (Pa) at 20 degreesC for 10 days to obtain anaerobic conditions. Control fruit (CK) were stored in air at 0 or 20 degreesC. Activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD), NADH and NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the incidence of physiological disorders were investigated. The activities of XOD, NADH oxidase were highest in apples stored in CA or Pa. SOD activity was similar in CA and CK fruit, but lower in Pa apples. Acetaldehyde (AA) treatment (120 ppm, at 0 degreesC for 24 h) prior to CA or addition of AA (1 ml of a 1% solution) to polyethylene bags stimulated NAD(P)H oxidase activity. AA pre-treatment resulted in lower SOD activity, and this response was detectable through two months storage in CA. The physiological disorder, internal browning, occurred in apples stored in CA or Pa, and the disorder development was enhanced by AA treatments. The results suggest that development of internal browning in 'Braeburn' apples may be associated with superoxide accumulation due to enhanced activity of XOD and NAD(P)H oxidase with reduced SOD activity under low oxygen or anaerobic conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-478-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 628 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BY55L UT WOS:000189407100067 ER PT S AU Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Edwards, A Wiley, E Clevidence, B AF Perkins-Veazie, P Collins, JK Edwards, A Wiley, E Clevidence, B BE Prange, RK TI Watermelon: Rich in the antioxidant lycopene SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE carotenoids; shelf life; triploid melon; antioxidant; Citrullus lanatus; clinical trial ID TOMATOES; PRODUCTS; HEALTH AB Lycopene pigment provides the red color found in some plants, notably tomato and watermelon fruit. Lycopene is a highly efficient oxygen radical scavenger and has been implicated in many epidemiological studies as providing protection against cardiovascular disease and some cancers, particularly of the prostate. Human uptake of lycopene from tomato-based products is thought to be more effective after heat and processing treatments. Watermelons contain as much or more lycopene than tomatoes but have been little studied as a source of lycopene. Over the last three years, we have conducted numerous studies with watermelon to determine maturity, storage, and minimal processing effects on lycopene levels. Additionally, a human clinical study with watermelon juice and tomato juice was done to determine lycopene uptake in humans. Watermelon cultivars exhibited a range of lycopene values, with seeded and seedless red fleshed types having 36 to 78 mug/g lycopene, and orange or yellow watermelons having less than 5 mug/g lycopene. Underripe and overripe melons had as much as 20% less lycopene than fully ripe melons, with maturity effects dependent on the variety. Storage of whole or cut melons for 2 to 10 days reduced lycopene by 6 to 10%. Assays of human plasma after lycopene ingestion indicate that lycopene was as efficiently obtained from watermelon juice as from tomato juice. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-478-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 628 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BY55L UT WOS:000189407100084 ER PT S AU Plotto, A Roberts, DD Roberts, RG AF Plotto, A Roberts, DD Roberts, RG BE Prange, RK TI Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural postharvest disease control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE thyme; oregano; lemongrass; cilantro; Botrytis cinerea; Alternaria arborescens; Rhizopus stolonifer; Geotrichum candidum ID FUNGITOXIC ACTIVITY; MONOTERPENOIDS; PATHOGENS; TOXICITY; STORAGE AB Essential oils with fungicidal activities were identified in vitro; these were oregano, thyme, lemongrass, and cilantro. Essential oil components in those plants with antimicrobial activity were carvacrol, thymol, citral, and trans-2-decenal, respectively. Vapors of thyme, oregano and lemongrass, and their respective major components showed complete growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria arborescens. Geotrichum candidum was more sensitive to citral and citral-containing oil vapors than to thyme or oregano oils. Only vapors of thyme oil, oregano oil, thymol and carvacrol inhibited Rhizopus stolonifer. When incorporated into the growth medium, thyme and oregano oils maintained a fungicidal or fungistatic activity on all four fungi at 500 mg/L. Lemongrass oil had only an effect at 1,000 mg/L, and no inhibition of Rhizopus. Trans-2-decenal was fungicidal to Botrytis, Alternaria and Geotrichum as vapor, but lost its activity when incorporated into the growth medium. Essential oil vapors were not successful in stopping disease development in inoculated tomatoes. Additionally, some oil vapors appeared to induce phytotoxicity on treated fruit under long periods of exposure. Emulsions of oils of thyme and oregano at 5,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm as dip treatments reduced disease development in tomatoes inoculated with B. cinerea and A. arborescens. C1 ARS, USDA, Citrus & SubTrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & SubTrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-478-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 628 BP 737 EP 745 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BY55L UT WOS:000189407100093 ER PT S AU Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM AF Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM BE Prange, RK TI Aroma volatile differences in commercial orange-fleshed cantaloupes, the inbred parental lines and stored fresh-cuts SO ISSUES AND ADVANCES IN POSTHARVEST HORTICULTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Cucumis melo; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); flavor compounds; processing; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ID CUCUMIS-MELO; QUALITY; MUSKMELONS AB Substantial differences exist in muskmelons regarding flavor and fresh-cut processing quality. We are attempting to discriminate volatile compounds that can be used as reliable breeding indicators for melon quality. Analysis of commercially available cultivars and their male and female inbred breeding lines may indicate hereditary linkages and help pinpoint desirable flavor attributes. Cantaloupes were grown commercially on raised beds with standard cultural practices and furrow irrigation. 'Athena' and 'Sol Real' fruit and both homozygous parental male and female breeding lines were harvested (3/4-slip) in early summer or fall and analyzed for volatiles. Cubes from numerous fruit per cultivar were randomized and roughly 300 g was placed into 24 ounce clamshell containers that were stored at 4 degreesC. Volatiles were determined in rapidly homogenized juice via solid phase microextraction (SPME) by GC-MS. Commercial and male lines often had substantially higher esters (R-(C=0)-O-R-alcohol) and S-compounds, whereas females generally had higher acetate esters (CH3-(C=O)-O-R-alcohol) and aldehydes. Cantaloupes harvested in fall generally have inferior quality compared with the summer season, and inconsistencies in fall volatile trends were also apparent. Results indicate that distribution of key desirable volatile compounds may be related to male versus female inheritance. More commercial cultivars and parental breeding lines need to be investigated and statistically analyzed to ascertain if these relationships are authentic. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-478-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 628 BP 809 EP 815 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BY55L UT WOS:000189407100102 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Ehlenfeldt, MK TI 'Elliott' highbush blueberry SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE; FRUIT C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 641TL UT WOS:000180762500001 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Yoder, CA Furcolow, CA Goldade, DA Kimball, BA Miller, LA AF Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Yoder, CA Furcolow, CA Goldade, DA Kimball, BA Miller, LA TI Desmosterol: A biomarker for the efficient development of 20,25-diazacholesterol as a contraceptive for pest wildlife SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE wildlife; contraception; cholesterol; HPLC; biomarker AB 20,25-Diazacholesterol is being evaluated as a contraceptive for the nonlethal control of avian and mammalian wildlife pests. The identification of an analyte in blood which was highly correlated with absorbed dose and efficacy is valuable for determining effective formulations and dosing variables. Such an analyte or biomarker is also valuable for determining the percentage of pest populations that consume an effective dose of the active ingredient in the field. HPLC analyses of blood collected from dosed animals failed to detect 20,25-diazacholesterol but indicated that levels of free cholesterol and related compounds were affected by 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption. The greatest percent change in chromatographic peak area associated with 20,25-diazacholesterol administration was observed for desmosterol, a cholesterol precursor. 20,25-Diazacholesterol appeared to block the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, resulting in an elevated concentration of the precursor. The elevation of blood desmosterol levels is being used as an indicator of 20,25-diazacholesterol absorption and to facilitate the development of a 20,25-diazacholesterol-based contraceptive for pest wildlife. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1021/jf020731d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 631XY UT WOS:000180194500023 PM 12502398 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Gan, JY Farmer, WJ Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Dungan, RS AF Kim, JH Gan, JY Farmer, WJ Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Dungan, RS TI Organic matter effects on phase partition of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soil fumigation; 1,3-dichloropropene; 1,3-D; adsorption; phase partition; organic amendment ID ADSORPTION; DEGRADATION; METOLACHLOR; VOLATILITY AB The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), in combination with chloropicrin, is considered a major replacement to methyl bromide (MeBr). This study was conducted to better understand phase partitioning of 1,3-D and the role of organic matter in its adsorption to soil. Partition of 1,3-D between air and water (K-H), and between soil and water (K-f), was determined by quantifying the concentration in both phases upon equilibrium. At 20 degreesC, the K-H values of (2)- and (E)-1,3-D were 0.052 and 0.033, respectively. In four California and Florida soils, the K-f values of 1,3-D isomers ranged from 0.39 to 8.55, and the K-oc values ranged from 18 to 60. The relatively high K-H and low K-f imply that 1,3-D is highly mobile in most soils after subsurface application. Adsorption of 1,3-D in native soils and soils amended with manure compost increased with increasing soil organic matter content. This suggests that organic wastes may be applied to soil to increase 1,3-D adsorption, thus reducing its potential for off site movement. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Kyungsan Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Kyungsan, South Korea. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Gan, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1021/jf025798f PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 631XY UT WOS:000180194500027 PM 12502402 ER PT J AU Park, BS Lee, KG Shibamoto, T Lee, SE Takeoka, GR AF Park, BS Lee, KG Shibamoto, T Lee, SE Takeoka, GR TI Antioxidant activity and characterization of volatile constituents of taheebo (Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE natural antioxidants; taheebo; volatile antioxidants; pau d'arco ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; ANTICANCER AGENTS; BETA-LAPACHONE; APOPTOSIS; FURANONAPHTHOQUINONES; OCHRACEA; GROWTH; BEANS AB Volatiles were isolated from the dried inner bark of Tabebuia impetiginosa using steam distillation under reduced pressure followed by continuous liquid-liquid extraction. The extract was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major volatile constituents of T. impetiginosa were 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (52.84 mug/g), 4-methoxyphenol (38.91 mug/g), 5-allyl-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (elemicin; 34.15 mug/g), 1-methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propenylbenzene (trans-anethole; 33.75 mug/g), and 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (30.29 mug/g). The antioxidant activity of the volatiles was evaluated using two different assays. The extract exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides (from methyl linoleate) at a concentration of 1000 mug/mL. The extract also inhibited the oxidation of hexanal for 40 days at a level of 5 mug/mL. The antioxidative activity of T. impetiginosa volatiles was comparable with that of the well-known antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, and butylated hydroxytoluene. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1021/jf020811h PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 631XY UT WOS:000180194500049 PM 12502424 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Rimando, AM Pace, PF Reddy, KN Smeda, RJ AF Duke, SO Rimando, AM Pace, PF Reddy, KN Smeda, RJ TI Isoflavone, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid levels in seeds of glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aminomethylphosphonic acid; glyphosate; herbicide-resistant crop; isoflavone; shikimic acid; transgenic crop ID AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY; GLYCINE-MAX SEEDLINGS; PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS; METABOLITE AMPA; CROPS; ACCUMULATION; PHYTOALEXINS; HERBICIDES; GENISTEIN; RESIDUES AB The estrogenic isoflavones of soybeans and their glycosides are products of the shikimate pathway, the target pathway of glyphosate. This study tested the hypothesis that nonphytotoxic levels of glyphosate and other herbicides known to affect phenolic compound biosynthesis might influence levels of these nutraceutical compounds in glyphosate-resistant soybeans. The effects of glyphosate and other herbicides were determined on estrogenic isoflavones and shikimate in glyphosate-resistant soybeans from identical experiments conducted on different cultivars in Mississippi and Missouri. Four commonly used herbicide treatments were compared to a hand-weeded control. The herbicide treatments were (1) glyphosate at 1260 g/ha at 3 weeks after planting (WAP), followed by glyphosate at 840 g/ha at 6 WAP; (2) sulfentrazone at 168 g/ha plus chlorimuron at 34 g/ha applied preemergence (PRE), followed by glyphosate at 1260 g/ha at 6 WAP; (3) sulfentrazone at 168 g/ha plus chlorimuron at 34 g/ha applied PRE, followed by glyphosate at 1260 g/ha at full bloom; and (4) sulfentrazone at 168 g/ha plus chlorimuron at 34 g/ha applied PRE, followed by acifluorfen at 280 g/ha plus bentazon at 560 g/ha plus clethodim at 140 g/ha at 6 WAP. Soybeans were harvested at maturity, and seeds were analyzed for daidzein, daidzin, genistein, genistin, glycitin, glycitein, shikimate, glyphosate, and the glyphosate degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). There were no remarkable effects of any treatment on the contents of any of the biosynthetic compounds in soybean seed from either test site, indicating that early and later season applications of glyphosate have no effects on phytoestrogen levels in glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Glyphosate and AMPA residues were higher in seeds from treatment 3 than from the other two treatments in which glyphosate was used earlier. Intermediate levels were found in treatments 1 and 2. Low levels of glyphosate and AMPA were found in treatment 4 and a hand-weeded control, apparently due to herbicide drift. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 32 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1021/jf025908i PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 631XY UT WOS:000180194500055 PM 12502430 ER PT J AU Ferwerda-Licha, M AF Ferwerda-Licha, M TI Rapid in vitro propagation of mangosteen through shoot division SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article ID LEAF EXPLANTS C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Ferwerda-Licha, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 803GK UT WOS:000220219400009 ER PT J AU Ferwerda-Licha, M AF Ferwerda-Licha, M TI New method for long term storage of viable mangosteen seed SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article ID LEAF EXPLANTS; GARCINIA; TREES C1 USDA ARS, TARS, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Ferwerda-Licha, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, TARS, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM maymf@ars-grin.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 803GK UT WOS:000220219400010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, AA Fuentes, RB Diaz, HL AF Rodriguez, AA Fuentes, RB Diaz, HL TI Anaerobic digestion and direct acidification of poultry processing sludge for animal diets SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Anim Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USDA, Higher Educ Programs, Dept Anim Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Rodriguez, AA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Anim Sci, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 803GK UT WOS:000220219400011 ER PT J AU Geary, TW McFadin, EL MacNeil, MD Grings, EE Short, RE Funston, RN Keisler, DH AF Geary, TW McFadin, EL MacNeil, MD Grings, EE Short, RE Funston, RN Keisler, DH TI Leptin as a predictor of carcass composition in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass composition; cattle; fat; leptin; lipid ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CIRCULATING LEPTIN; MESSENGER-RNA; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; ADIPOCYTE; CLONING; NUMBER; GENE; CELLULARITY AB Our objective was to determine if serum concentrations of leptin could be used to predict carcass composition and merit in feedlot finished cattle. Two different groups of crossbred Bos taurus steers and heifers were managed under feedlot conditions near Miles City, MT. The first group consisted of 88 1/2 Red Angus, 1/4 Charolais, and 1/4 Tarentaise composite gene combination steers (CGC) harvested at the ConAgra processing facility in Greeley, CO. The second group (Lean Beef Project; LB) consisted of 91 F-2 steers and heifers born to Limousin, Hereford, or Piedmontese by CGC F-1 cows crossed to F-1 bulls of similar breed composition and harvested at a local processing facility in Miles City, MT. Blood samples were collected approximately 24 h before harvest (CGC) or approximately 3 d before and at harvest (LB). No differences in serum concentrations of leptin were detected (P > 0.10) between Hereford, Limousin, or Piedmontese F-2 calves nor between LB steers and heifers. Positive correlations (P < 0.01) existed between serum leptin and marbling score (r = 0.35 and 0.50), fat depth measured between the 12th and 13th rib (r = 0.34 and 0.46), kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) (r = 0.42 and 0.46), and quality grade (r = 0.36 and 0.49) in CGC and LB cattle, respectively. Serum leptin was also positively correlated with calculated yield grade for CGC steers (r = 0.19; P = 0.10) and LB cattle (r = 0.52; P < 0.01). Longissimus area was not correlated with serum leptin in CGC steers (r = 0.12; P > 0.10). However, a negative correlation existed between longissimus area and serum leptin in the LB cattle (r = -0.45; P < 0.01). Serum concentrations of leptin were significantly associated with carcass composition (marbling, back fat depth, and KPH fat) and quality grade in both groups of cattle studied and may provide an additional indicator of fat content in feedlot cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Geary, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009; Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300001 PM 12597366 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Ellis, SE Hale, SA Long, E Erdman, RA Zhao, X Paape, MJ AF Capuco, AV Ellis, SE Hale, SA Long, E Erdman, RA Zhao, X Paape, MJ TI Lactation persistency: Insights from mammary cell proliferation studies SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on the Biology of Lactation in Farm Animals CY JUL, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Soc Anim Sci, European Assoc Anim Prod, Amer Dairy Sci Assoc DE apoptosis; cell proliferation; cell renewal; lactation efficiency; ruminants ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PREPARTUM BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; THRICE-DAILY MILKING; DRY PERIOD LENGTH; DAIRY-COWS; SUBSEQUENT LACTATION; INTRAARTERIAL INFUSION; SUCCEEDING LACTATION; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; HORMONAL-CONTROL AB A persistent lactation is dependent on maintaining the number and activity of milk secreting cells with advancing lactation. When dairy cows are milked twice daily, the increase in milk yield from parturition to peak lactation is due to increased secretory activity per cell rather than to accretion of additional epithelial cells. After peak lactation, declining milk yield is due to loss of mammary epithelial cells by apoptosis. During lactation, only 0.3% of mammary cells proliferate in a 24-h period. Yet this proliferative rate is sufficient to replace most mammary epithelial cells by the end of lactation. Management practices can influence lactation persistency. Administration of bovine somatotropin may enhance persistency by increasing cell proliferation and turnover, or by reducing the rate of apoptosis. Increased photoperiod may also increase persistency of lactation by mechanisms that are as yet undefined. Increased milking frequency during the first weeks of lactation increases milk yield, even after return to less frequent milking, with increases of approximately 8% over the entire lactation. A mammary cell proliferation response to frequent milking during early lactation appears to be involved. Conversely, advanced pregnancy, infrequent milking, and mastitis increase death of epithelial cells by apoptosis. Regulation of mammary cell renewal provides a key to increasing persistency. Investigations to characterize epithelial cells that serve as the proliferative population in the bovine mammary gland have been initiated. Epithelial cells that stain lightly in histological sections are evident through all phases of mammary development and secretion and account for nearly all proliferation in the prepubertal gland. Characterization of these cells may provide a means to regulate mammary cell proliferation and thus to enhance persistency, reduce the effects of mastitis, and decrease the necessity for a dry period. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 94 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2003 VL 81 SU 3 BP 18 EP 31 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 778QZ UT WOS:000189253400004 PM 15000403 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Hammond, AC West, RL Johnson, DD Olson, TA Coleman, SW AF Riley, DG Chase, CC Hammond, AC West, RL Johnson, DD Olson, TA Coleman, SW TI Estimated genetic parameters for palatability traits of steaks from Brahman cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; genetic parameters; palatability; tenderness ID BEEF TENDERNESS SURVEY; BOS-INDICUS CATTLE; CARCASS TRAITS; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; SHEAR FORCE; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; PERCENTAGE BRAHMAN; MEAT PALATABILITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BREEDING VALUES AB Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated from carcass and beef palatability data collected from Brahman calves (n = 504) born in central Florida from 1996 to 2000. Traits evaluated included Warner-Bratzler shear force (after 7, 14, and 21 d of aging), panel tenderness score, connective tissue amount, juiciness, flavor intensity, and off flavor (after 14 d of aging), percentages of raw and cooked lipids, and milligrams per gram of muscle calpastatin activity. Parameters were estimated using an animal model and derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Estimated heritabilities for d 7, 14, and 21 shear force were 0.14, 0.14, and 0.06, respectively, indicating that improvement in these traits by selection would be slow. Estimated heritabilities of sensory panel attributes were 0.11, 0.12, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.01 for tenderness, connective tissue amount, juiciness, flavor intensity, and off flavor, respectively. The estimated heritabilities for percentages of raw and cooked lipids, and calpastatin activity were 0.34, 0.17, and 0.07, respectively. Most of the estimated genetic correlations among palatability traits and for palatability traits with fat thickness, marbling score, and loin muscle area were consistent with other estimates from the literature. Results indicated that improvement in tenderness based on selection for favorable shear force, sensory panel tenderness, or calpastatin activity would be slow; therefore, postslaughter intervention programs should also be considered. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300007 PM 12597372 ER PT J AU Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD Hanford, KJ AF Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD Hanford, KJ TI Models with cytoplasmic effects for birth, weaning, and fleece weights, and litter size, at birth for a population of Targhee sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic inheritance; environment interactions; genetic variance; genotype ID DAIRY-CATTLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PRODUCTION TRAITS; HEREFORD CATTLE; ANIMAL-MODEL; MILK-YIELD; INHERITANCE; VARIANCE AB Fifteen models were compared for the birth weight of 33,994 lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station (1950 to 1998): The initial intent was to estimate fractions of variance: due to cytoplasmic line (c(2),; n =.892) and sire:by-cytoplasmic line interaction (sc(2); n=17,557). The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a(2); n = 35;684); maternal genetic (m(2), with correlation r-am), and maternal permanent environmental (p(2); n = 8;418) effects. The model with sc2 was significantly better than the basic model with and without c2. When Ether random effects were added, sc2 became zero. Significant effects were associated with random dam x year (dy(2); n = 24,801), sire x dam (sd(2); n = 23,924), and dam x number born (dn(2); n = 12,944) interaction effects. Estimates with all effects in the model were a(2); 0.24; m(2); 0.19; r-am, 0.11; p(2), 0.05; c(2), 0.00; dn(2), 0.04; dy(2);: 0.06; sd(2), 0.05; sc(2), 0.00. Estimates for a(2), m(2), and r-am were the same for all models. Estimate of p2 changed when other effects were added to the model. Largest estimates for nongenetic effects were: p(2), 0.08; c(2), 0.00; dy(2), 0.13; sd(2), 0.11; and sc(2); 0.04. Regardless of whether Westell groups (n = 91) were in the model, estimates were similar. For weaning weight (120-d, n = 32,715), estimates of variances of effects added to the basic model were all near zero (a2, 0.18; m(2), 0.12; r-am, -0.01; p(2), 0.06). For number born (NB, n = 37,020) and fleece weight (FW, n = 36,197), animal permanent environmental effects were added to the model (ape; n = 9,871 and 9,760) and r-am was dropped. For these traits, effects not in the basic model had small variances. Nonzero estimates with full model were a(2), 0.10; ap(2), 0.01; dy(2), 0.02; and sc(2), 0.01 for NB, and a(2), 0.54; m(2), 0.02; ap(2), 0.02; dy(2), 0.04; and sc(2), 0.02 for FW. Cytoplasmic effects were not important. The addition of unusual random effects to the model did not change estimates for the basic parameters. Although some of these effects were significant, especially for BW, the effects on genetic evaluations are likely to be small. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, A218 Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300008 PM 12597373 ER PT J AU Olson, TA Lucena, C Chase, CC Hammond, AC AF Olson, TA Lucena, C Chase, CC Hammond, AC TI Evidence of a major gene influencing hair length and heat tolerance in Bos taurus cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; coat; hair; heat tolerance; major genes ID RECTAL TEMPERATURE; BEEF-CATTLE; GROWTH-RATE; DAIRY-COWS; FLORIDA; BREEDS; ANGUS; ENVIRONMENT; SENEPOL; BRAHMAN AB Evidence was found that supports the existence of a major gene (designated as the slick hair gene), dominant in mode of inheritance, that is responsible for producing a very short, sleek hair coat. Cattle with slick hair were observed to maintain lower rectal temperatures (RT). The gene is found in Senepol cattle and criollo (Spanish origin) breeds in Central and South America. This gene is also found in a Venezuelan composite breed, the Carora, formed from the Brown Swiss and a Venezuelan criollo breed. Two sets of backcross matings of normal-haired sire breeds to Senepol crossbred dams assumed to be heterozygous for the slick hair gene resulted in ratios of slick to normal-haired progeny that did not significantly differ from 1:1. Data from Carora x Holstein crossbred cows in Venezuela also support the concept of a major gene that is responsible for the slick hair coat of the Carora breed. Cows that were 75% Holstein:25% Carora in breed composition segregated with a ratio that did not differ from 1:1, as would be expected from a backcross mating involving a dominant gene. The effect of the slack hair gene on RT depended on the degree of heat stress and appeared to be affected by age and/or lactation status. The decreased RT observed for slick-haired crossbred calves compared to normal-haired contemporaries ranged from 0.18 to 0.4degreesC. An even larger decrease in RT (0.61 degreesC; P < 0.01) was observed in lactating Carora x Holstein F-1 crossbred cows, even though it did not appear that these cows were under severe heat stress. The improved thermotolerance of crossbred calves due to their slick hair coats did not result in increased weaning weights, possibly because both the slick and normal-haired calves were being nursed by slick-haired dams. There were indications that the slick-haired calves grew faster immediately following weaning and that their growth during the cooler months of the year was not compromised significantly by their reduced quantity of hair. In the Carora x Holstein crossbred cows there was a positive effect of slick hair on milk yield under dry, tropical conditions. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela. NR 18 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300011 PM 12597376 ER PT J AU Mills, SE Kissel, J Bidwell, CA Smith, DJ AF Mills, SE Kissel, J Bidwell, CA Smith, DJ TI Stereoselectivity of porcine beta-adrenergic receptors for ractopamine stereoisomers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-adrenergic receptor; growth; pigs ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MEMBRANE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIGAND-BINDING; ADRENOCEPTOR; CLENBUTEROL; SUBTYPES; AGONISTS; RAT; ADIPOCYTES AB Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) ligand approved for use in swine to enhance carcass leanness. Ractopamine is produced commercially as a mixture of four stereoisomers (RR, RS, SR, SS). In order to determine which stereoisomers are active in the pig and whether they exhibit OAR subtype selectivity, receptor affinity and adenylyl cyclase activation were determined using cloned porcine beta(1)- and beta(2)AR expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Dissociation constants (K-d) were determined by competitive displacement of [I-125]iodocyanopindolol binding by ractopamine stereoisomers. The RR isomer had the highest affinity for both beta(1)- and beta(2)AR (K-d of 29 and 26 nM, respectively). Dissociation constants for the other stereoisomers were higher (RS = 463 and 78 nM, SR = 3,230 and 831 nM, SS =16,600 and 3,530 nM for the beta(1)- and beta(2)AR, respectively) relative to the RR stereoisomer. Isoproterenol stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity 600% relative to basal rates in CHO cells, regardless of OAR subtype. Ractopamine stereoisomers did not significantly (P > 0.05) stimulate adenylyl cyclase through the beta(1)AR at moderate (near K-d) or high (10(-4) M) concentrations. In contrast, the RR isomer increased adenylyl cyclase activity 200 to 300% relative to basal rates through the beta(2)AR at moderate and high concentrations; the SR stereoisomer increased adenylyl cyclase activity nearly 100%. Neither the RS nor SS stereoisomers were effective in activating adenylyl cyclase activity through the beta(2)AR. A pattern of stereoselective activation similar to that for adenylyl cyclase also was exhibited for lipolysis using porcine adipocytes. The RR stereoisomer was equal to isoproterenol in stimulating lipolysis, whereas the SR isomer was 50% as effective; the RS and SR stereoisomers did not stimulate lipolysis in porcine adipocytes. The porcine OAR exhibited stereoselectivity toward ractopamine stereoisomers with the RR isomer exhibiting the highest affinity for the beta(1)- and beta2AR. In contrast, ractopamine stereoisomers seemed to be more effective at eliciting adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate responses from beta(2)AR than beta(1)AR. The RR isomer is likely the functional stereoisomer of ractopamine, but its effectiveness may be compromised by the presence of competing isomers, in particular the RS stereoisomer. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mills, SE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300016 PM 12597381 ER PT J AU Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M TI On-line prediction of yield grade, longissimus muscle area, preliminary yield grade, adjusted preliminary yield grade, and marbling score using the MARC beef carcass image analysis system SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; carcasses; instrumentation; processing ID PRODUCER-RELATED DEFECTS; QUANTITY ATTRIBUTES; QUALITY AUDIT; CUTABILITY AB The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's beef carcass image analysis system to predict calculated yield grade, longissimus muscle area, preliminary yield grade, adjusted preliminary yield grade, and marbling score under commercial beef processing conditions. In two commercial beef-processing facilities, image, analysis was conducted on 800 carcasses on the beef-grading chain immediately after the conventional USDA beef quality and yield grades were applied. Carcasses were blocked by plant and observed calculated yield grade. The carcasses were then separated, with 400 carcasses assigned to a calibration data set that was used to develop regression equations, and the remaining 400 carcasses assigned to a prediction data set used to validate the regression equations. Prediction equations, which included image analysis variables and hot carcass weight, accounted for 90, 88, 90, 88, and 76% of the variation in calculated yield grade, longissimus muscle area, preliminary yield grade, adjusted preliminary yield grade, and marbling score, respectively, in the prediction data set. In comparison, the official USDA yield grade as applied by online graders accounted for 73% of the variation in calculated yield grade. The technology described herein could be used by the beef industry to more accurately determine beef yield grades; however, this system does not provide an accurate enough prediction of marbling score to be used without USDA grader interaction for USDA quality grading. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shackelford, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300020 PM 12597385 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Schoch, TK James, LF AF Lee, ST Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Schoch, TK James, LF TI Evaluation of vaccination against methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE delphinium; lethal dose; mice; toxicity; vaccination ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; DELPHINIUM ALKALOIDS; TALL LARKSPURS AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether larkspur toxins conjugated to protein carriers would promote active immunity in mice. Mice were injected with several larkspur toxin-protein conjugates or adjuvant alone to determine whether the resulting immunological response altered animal susceptibility to methyllycaconitine, the major toxic larkspur alkaloid. Although vaccinations increased the calculated lethal dose 50% (LD50) for intravenous methyllycaconitine toxicity, overlapping confidence intervals did not provide evidence of differences between the vaccinated and control groups. In the lycoctonine conjugate (LYC)-vaccinated group, mouse survival was related (P = 0.001) to serum titers for methyllycaconitine doses up to 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. When mice with low antibody titers were removed from the vaccinated groups in which titer was related to survival, the recalculated LD50 estimates were 20% greater than the LD50 of the control group. However, the 95% confidence intervals of the recalculated LD50 groups overlapped with the control groups. Overall, these results suggest that vaccination altered methyllycaconitine toxicity in mice and that vaccination may be useful in decreasing the effects of larkspur toxins in animals. Additional studies are warranted to continue development of potential larkspur vaccines for livestock. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 232 EP 238 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300029 PM 12597394 ER PT J AU Lewis, GS AF Lewis, GS TI Role of ovarian progesterone and potential role of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and prostaglandin E-2 in modulating the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum EWES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; infection; progesterone; prostaglandins; sheep; uterine diseases ID REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS; FETAL MEMBRANES; SOUTHERN GREECE; HOLSTEIN COWS; UTEROOVARIAN; RETENTION; MASTITIS; PERIOD; SHEEP; PGE2 AB In, sheep and cattle, the postpartum uterus, is resistant to bacterial challenge until after corpora lutea develop. A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine whether prostaglandins may mediate the effects of progesterone in transforming the postpartum uterus from resistant to susceptible. On d 14 postpartum, ewes (n = 6/group) were ovariectomized or sham ovariectomized, and the vena cava was catheterized for daily collection of uteroovarian-enriched blood. From d 15 to 20, ewes received twice daily intramuscular injections of progesterone in sesame oil or plain sesame. oil. On d 20, each uterus received 75 x 10(7) cfu of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and 35 x 10(7) cfu of Escherichia coli. Uteri were collected on d 25 and examined for signs of infection. For each blood sample, unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was measured as [H-3]thymidine incorporation, smears were-prepared for differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, and progesterone, prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)), and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) were quantified. All 12 progesterone-treated, but only two of the 12 oil-treated, ewes developed uterine infections (P < 0.001). Progesterone treatment increased (P < 0.001; 3.1 vs 1.5 ng/mL) and ovariectomy decreased (P < 0.001; 3.7 vs 0.9 ng/mL) vena caval progesterone. Progesterone treatment reduced (P < 0.01) PGF(2alpha) (303.9 vs 801.3 pg/mL), and PGF(2alpha) was greater (P < 0.05) before than after inoculation (626.4 vs 478.8 pg/mL). The PGE(2) concentration was greater in progesterone-treated, ovary-intact ewes than in ewes in the other groups (ovariectomy x progesterone treatment; P < 0.01). Ovariectomy increased (P < 0.005; 4.4 vs 2.9 pmol) and progesterone treatment decreased (P < 0.05; 3.2 vs 4.1 pmol) concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Ovariectomy increased lipopolysaccharides-stimulated proliferation (P < 0.05; 2.4 vs 1.9 pmol). For neutrophils per 100 WBC, the ovariectomy x progesterone and progesterone x period interactions were significant (P < 0.01). The ovariectomy x progesterone interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for lymphocytes per 100 WBC. Ovariectomy decreased monocytes (P < 0.001; 10 vs 13) and increased eosinophils (P < 0.001; 10 vs 5) per 100 WBC. Progesterone makes the postpartum uterus in ewes susceptible to infection, but ovariectomy allows ewes to remain resistant; uterine prostaglandins may mediate this change. This model creates opportunities to determine the mechanisms responsible for the shift from resistance to susceptible. C1 ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 285 EP 293 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 643YN UT WOS:000180891300035 PM 12597400 ER PT J AU Plattner, RD Maragos, CM AF Plattner, RD Maragos, CM TI Determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ZEARALENONE PRODUCTION; WHITE FLOUR; TRICHOTHECENES; BARLEY; BRAN AB The fungus Fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of both wheat and corn. Strains of the fungus from the United States produce a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON); strains of the fungus from Asia and Europe produce DON or a related toxin, nivalenol. These toxins can cause disease in livestock, and their potential presence in feed and foods is a concern for animal and human health. A method was developed to detect both toxins in corn and wheat by, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of an extract of ground grain. The method requires no sample cleanup and can detect the toxins at 0.05 mug/g. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Plattner, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 642DV UT WOS:000180789700009 PM 12607741 ER PT J AU LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR AF LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR TI Determination of total fat in milk- and soy-based infant formula powder by supercritical fluid extraction - PVM 2 : 2002 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY; ERROR AB Commercially available simple benchtop systems using CO2 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) eliminate expensive organic solvent disposal problems and offer potential to meet a demand for rapid, accurate high-volume gravimetric determinations of total fat content of infant formula powders. A Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) approach was used to evaluate the performance characteristics of instrumental SFE extraction for determination of total gravimetric fat in infant formula. The established DQOs included the following: Accuracy.-Correct values were obtained for a suitable reference material, SRM 1846 Infant Formula [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD]. Ruggedness.-Variables were defined as (1) extraction time (35 min optimum); (2) ratio of sample size to diatomaceous earth support material (1 g sample/2 g support); (3) ratio of distilled water to alcohol (50% isopropanol optimum for both milk- and soy-based infant formula samples); (4) extraction flow rate was 3-3.5 mL/min optimum. Precision.-Relative standard deviations of multiple determinations fell within the Horwitz limits of acceptability of less than or equal to2.8% at the level of analyte determined (0.34-2.5% obtained). Scope of applicability.-Includes milk- and soy-based infant formula powders. Research data were obtained by use of a commercially available fat analyzer. Samples of the SRM, 2 commercial milk-based and 3 commercial soy-based infant formula products were distributed to 2 additional collaborating laboratories. Very good agreement was obtained among the submitting and collaborating laboratories for these samples. The use of clearly defined DQOs to establish method performance characteristics, along with the commercially available reference material, provided the mechanism for verification and validation of analytical methodology. C1 USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. LECO Corp, Applicat Lab, St Joseph, MI 49038 USA. RP LaCroix, DE (reprint author), USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 642DV UT WOS:000180789700013 PM 12607745 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Holland, AJ Hepburn, R Neumann, P Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Holland, AJ Hepburn, R Neumann, P Elzen, PJ TI Cape (Apis mellifera capensis) and European (Apis mellifera) honey bee guard age and duration of guarding small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera capensis; Aethina tumida; guarding behaviour; guard age; small hive beetle; Cape honey bees; age-related division of labour ID MURRAY COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE AB The guard age and duration of European (Apis mellifera) and Cape (A. m. capensis) honey bees guarding small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) were determined using 3-frame observation hives, noting the commencement and termination of beetle guarding by individually labelled honey bees. European honey bees in the USA began guarding small hive beetles significantly earlier (beginning age 18.55 +/- 0.52 days; mean +/- s.e.), guarded beetles significantly longer (duration 2.36 +/- 0.31 days), and stopped guarding beetles significantly sooner (ending age 19.91 +/- 0.57 days) than Cape honey bees in South Africa (beginning age 20.61 +/- 0.38 days; duration 1.43 +/- 0.12 days; and ending age 21.04 +/- 0.37 days). Although the timing of beetle guarding behaviour between the two subspecies is significantly different, it does not explain the differential damage to European and Cape honey bee colonies caused by small hive beetles. C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Zool, D-06099 Halle Saale, Germany. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 712AP UT WOS:000184773500002 ER PT J AU Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Delaplane, KS Elzen, PJ AF Ellis, JD Hepburn, R Delaplane, KS Elzen, PJ TI A scientific note on small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) oviposition and behaviour during European (Apis mellifera) honey bee clustering and absconding events SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; small hive beetle; oviposition; absconding; honey bee cluster ID MURRAY C1 Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Kika Garza Subtrop Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Ellis, JD (reprint author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM g01e3989@campus.ru.ac.za RI Ellis, James/L-7985-2013 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 712AP UT WOS:000184773500006 ER PT J AU Kavinseksan, B Wongsiri, S De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE AF Kavinseksan, B Wongsiri, S De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE TI Absence of Tropilaelaps infestation from recent swarms of Apis dorsata in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tropilaelaps clareae; Apis dorsata; honey bees; parasitic mites; Thailand C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bee Biol Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Kavinseksan, B (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bee Biol Res Unit, Phayathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 712AP UT WOS:000184773500008 ER PT J AU Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR Kopral, CA Ferris, KE Headrick, ML AF Dargatz, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, SR Kopral, CA Ferris, KE Headrick, ML TI Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; cattle; feedlot; Salmonella ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; BEEF CARCASSES; INFECTION; SEROTYPES; ANIMALS; PLANTS; COWS AB Aims: Faecal samples from cattle in US feedlots were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella. When Salmonella isolates were recovered the antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined. Methods and Results: Faecal samples were collected from pen floors in 73 feedlots in 12 states during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. Pens of cattle selected for sampling were those that had been in the feedlot for the shortest period of time, the longest period of time and a randomly selected pen from the remaining pens. Faecal samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. and all Salmonella isolates were categorized by serotype. The susceptibilities of all isolates were determined using a panel of 17 antimicrobials. Overall, 6.3% ( 654/10 417) of the samples cultured positive for Salmonella spp. and 22.2% (94/422) of pens and 50.7% (37/73) of feedlots had one or more positive samples. There was little difference in the proportion of positive samples from short-fed ( 6.1%, 212/ 3482), random ( 6.4%, 217/3400) and long-fed ( 6.4%, 224/3485) pens of cattle. One of two pens of cattle that could not be attributed to a pen type had a single positive sample (2.0%, 1/50). Samples collected during the period of April to June ( 6.8%, 209/3054) and July to September ( 11.4%, 286/2500) were more likely to be positive than those collected during October to December (4.0%, 73/1838) and January to March (2.8%, 86/3025). The most common serotypes of Salmonella were dissimilar from those that are typically seen in human illness and cattle illness. The majority of isolates (62.8%, 441/702) were sensitive to all of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance was most frequently observed to tetracycline ( 35.9%, 252/702) followed by streptomycin ( 11.1%, 78/702), ampicillin (10.4%, 73/702) and chloramphenicol ( 10.4%, 73/702). Multiple resistance ( resistance to greater than or equal to 2 antimicrobials) was observed for 11.7% (82/702) of the isolates. Conclusions: Salmonella was isolated at low frequency from faeces of feedlot cattle and the serotypes were not those commonly associated with human illness. In addition most of the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study contributes to understanding the ecology of Salmonella in cattle feedlots and the prevalence of resistance among potential food-borne pathogens. C1 APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4 BP 753 EP 761 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02034.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 719VU UT WOS:000185226400014 PM 12969289 ER PT J AU Yu, J Mohawed, SM Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, J Mohawed, SM Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Substrate-induced lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; lipase; lipid-induction; nutritional regulation ID BIOSYNTHESIS; CLONING; CLUSTER; PATHWAY; COCONUT; AFLR; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; PURIFICATION; CONVERSION; SEQUENCE AB Aims: To establish a relationship between lipase gene expression and aflatoxin production by cloning the lipA gene and studying its expression pattern in several aflatoxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Methods and Results: We have cloned a gene, lipA, that encodes a lipase involved in the breakdown of lipids from aflatoxin-producing A. flavus, A. parasiticus and two nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates, wool-1 and wool-2. The lipA gene was transcribed under diverse media conditions, however, no mature mRNA was detected unless the growth medium was supplemented with 0.5% soya bean or peanut oil or the fungus was grown in lipid-rich medium such as coconut medium. The expression of the lipase gene (mature mRNA) under substrate-induced conditions correlated well with aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic species A. flavus(SRRC 1007) and A. parasiticus (SRRC 143). Conclusions: Substrate-induced lipase gene expression might be indirectly related to aflatoxin formation by providing the basic building block acetate for aflatoxin synthesis. No direct relationship between lipid metabolism and aflatoxin production can be ascertained, however, lipase gene expression correlates well with aflatoxin formation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Lipid substrate induces and promotes aflatoxin formation. It gives insight into genetic and biochemical aspects of aflatoxin formation. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. S Valley Univ, Qena, Egypt. RP Yu, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1334 EP 1342 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02093.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 743GB UT WOS:000186563100021 PM 14633008 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Genovese, KJ Knape, KD Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, TL Genovese, KJ Knape, KD Callaway, TR Bischoff, KM Nisbet, DJ TI Effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin on the inhibitory stringency of a mixed anaerobe continuous-flow culture of chicken microflora against Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobes; bacteroides; competitive exclusion; E.coli O157 : H7; enterococcus; tylosin; veillonella ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; INFECTION; PIGS; CATTLE; SEROTYPE; GROWTH; PREVALENCE; BACTERIA AB Aims : The aim of this study was twofold: first to determine the effect of subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used for growth promotion, on a mixed anaerobic continuous-flow fermentation culture of chicken gastrointestinal microorganisms (CCF) and secondly, to determine if these concentrations would allow persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in CCF. Methods and Results : CCF was treated with tylosin at 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mug ml(-1) . Tylosin treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from a mean concentration of 101 +/- 10.8 mumol ml(-1) in control cultures to 32.0 +/- 6.3 and 40.2 +/- 9.6 mumol ml(-1) in 10 and 40 mug ml(-1) treated cultures, respectively. Untreated CCF challenged with E. coli O157:H7 cleared the challenge microorganism in 7 days at a rate of 0.96 log(10) CFU ml(-1) day(-1) . In contrast, E. coli O157:H7 persisted in all tylosin treated cultures. Conclusions : In the presence of tylosin, E. coli O157:H7 was able to persist in the CCF culture. The significant decrease in the production of VFAs may have been a contributing factor. Significance and Impact of the Study : The use of low-level, growth-promoting antimicrobials may compromise the ability of normal microflora that serve as a natural host defence against infection. C1 ARS, Feed & Food Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), ARS, Feed & Food Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01802.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 627QR UT WOS:000179946000009 PM 12492926 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Varey, PD Jung, YS Bischoff, KM Elder, RO Anderson, RC Kutter, E Brabban, AD Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, TS Callaway, TR Varey, PD Jung, YS Bischoff, KM Elder, RO Anderson, RC Kutter, E Brabban, AD Nisbet, DJ TI Effects of the antibiotic ionophores monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate and bambermycin on Salmonella and E-coli O157 : H7 in vitro SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-microbial; E. coli O157 : H7; foodborne pathogens; Ionophores; Salmonella ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; FOODBORNE DISEASE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; RUMEN BACTERIA; BEEF-CATTLE; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE AB Aims: To examine the effects of ionophores on Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pure and mixed ruminal fluid cultures. Methods and Results: Four Salmonella serotypes (Dublin, Derby, Typhimurium, and Enteriditis) and two strains of E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895 and FDIU 6058) were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of ionophores (monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate, and bambermycin) in pure and mixed ruminal fluid cultures. Bacterial growth rates in pure culture were not affected (P>0.10) by ionophores at concentrations up to 10 times the approximate rumen ionophore concentration under normal feeding regimens. Likewise, ionophores had no effect (P>0.10) on Salmonella or E. coli CFU plated from 24-h ruminal fluid incubations. Ionophore treatment decreased (P<0.01) the acetate : propionate ratio in ruminal fluid cultures as expected. Conclusions: Ionophores had no effect on the foodborne pathogens Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro . Significance and Impact of the Study: The results suggest that ionophore feeding would have little or no effect on Salmonella or E. coli populations in the ruminant. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01822.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 636AM UT WOS:000180432400007 PM 12534812 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM AF Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM TI Detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in environmental samples by real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; multiplex PCR; real-time PCR; fluorescence threshold; faeces; manure ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FOODBORNE DISEASES; FLUOROGENIC PROBE; SEROTYPE O157-H7; RAPID DETECTION; MULTIPLEX PCR; BOVINE FECES; EAEA GENE; TAQMAN; ASSAY AB Aims: To apply the real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect and quantify Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil, manure, faeces and dairy waste washwater. Methods and Results: Soil samples were spiked with E. coli O157:H7 and subjected to a single enrichment step prior to multiplex PCR. Other environmental samples suspected of harbouring E.coli O157:H7 were also analysed. The sensitivity of the primers was confirmed with DNA from E.coli O157:H7 strain 3081 spiked into soil by multiplex PCR assay. A linear relationship was measured between the fluorescence threshold cycle (C (T) ) value and colony counts (CFU ml(-1) ) in spiked soil and other environmental samples. The detection limit for E.coli O157:H7 in the real-time PCR assay was 3.5 x 10(3) CFU ml(-1) in pure culture and 2.6 x 10(4) CFU g(-1) in the environmental samples. Use of a 16-h enrichment step for spiked samples enabled detection of <10 CFU g(-1) soil. E. coli colony counts as determined by the real-time PCR assay, were in the range of 2.0 x 10(2) to 6.0 x 10(5) CFU PCR-1 in manure, faeces and waste washwater. Conclusions: The real-time PCR-based assay enabled sensitive and rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7 in soil and other environmental samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: The ability to quantitatively determine cell counts of E.coli O157:H7 in large numbers of environmental samples, represents considerable advancement in the area of pathogen quantification for risk assessment and transport studies. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 36 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 3 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01848.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 645HE UT WOS:000180969500010 PM 12588551 ER PT J AU Cuero, R Ouellet, T Yu, J Mogongwa, N AF Cuero, R Ouellet, T Yu, J Mogongwa, N TI Metal ion enhancement of fungal growth, gene expression and aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus flavus: RT-PCR characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; O-methylsterigmatocystin; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; ribonucleic acid ID BIOSYNTHESIS; PARASITICUS; BINDING; CLONING; ACIDS; ZINC AB Aims: To determine the effect of mineral ions (e.g., Zn(2+) , Cu(2+) , and Fe(2+) ) on the enhancement of fungal growth, total RNA, aflatoxin pathway gene expression, and production of aflatoxin and its precursor O -methylsterigmatocystin (OMST). Methods and Results: The influence of the metal ions, as a single or mixed treatments, was observed in submerged cultures of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus through changes in the fungal RNA or aflatoxin pathway gene (omtA) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) levels, and also in fungal dry-weight accumulation, aflatoxin and OMST production. Conclusions: The ion treatments induced changes of fungal total RNA, mRNA levels, associate fungal growth, biosynthesis of aflatoxin and OMST, and enhanced expression of RT-PCR. Significance and Impact of Study: Demonstrates at the cellular and molecular level, the significant effects of metal ions on both fungal growth and production of aflatoxin. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, Texas A&M Univ Syst, CARC, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Agr Food Canada, Eastern & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Cuero, R (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Texas A&M Univ Syst, CARC, POB 685, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM olimpa@aol.com NR 38 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01870.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 678FP UT WOS:000182855200002 PM 12752802 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Lebepe-Mazur, S AF Anderson, KL Lebepe-Mazur, S TI Comparison of rapid methods for the extraction of bacterial DNA from colonic and caecal lumen contents of the pig SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; lumen; pig; polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SOIL; RNA; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENTS; RUMEN; PURIFICATION; BACTEROIDES AB Aims: The increasing uses of DNA methodologies to study the micro flora of the pig gastrointestinal tract requires an efficient recovery of bacterial DNA from the intestinal sample. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine which DNA extraction methods are most effective for luminal samples from pigs. Several routinely used nucleic acid extraction procedures were compared based upon quantity and purity of extracted DNA. Methods and Results: DNA was extracted from pig colonic and caecal lumen samples using 19 methods for bacterial DNA extraction. The quantity of total DNA recovered by each extraction method was determined and compared. Two methods using extraction with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) or phenol and two methods involving bead mill homogenization were found to provide the greatest quantity of extracted DNA for both colonic and caecal lumen. Extracted DNA from these four methods was further analysed for purity based upon the presence of PCR inhibitors, which was ascertained by determining the efficiency of amplification of a segment of the 16S rDNA. PCR amplification could be readily achieved with DNA extracted by each of these four methods, but efficiency of amplification tended to be higher with DNA from two of the methods (one extracted with PVPP and one with bead mill homogenization). Conclusions: Four extraction methods proved to be significantly superior in quantity of DNA extracted from luminal samples. Of these four, no strong inhibitors of PCR amplification were detected in any of the extracted DNA. However, the efficiency of amplification tended to be lower in DNA samples from two of the methods, suggesting the presence of low levels of PCR inhibitors. Signicance and Impact of the Study: Results of this study provide a basis for choosing which DNA extraction procedures are most effective for use with samples of pig lumen. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), Natl Swine Res Ctr, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01917.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 678FP UT WOS:000182855200006 PM 12752806 ER PT J AU Weinberg, ZG Muck, RE Weimer, PJ AF Weinberg, ZG Muck, RE Weimer, PJ TI The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactic acid bacteria; silage inoculants; rumen fluid; probiotic effects ID LOW DRY-MATTER; BEEF-CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; GRASS; WHEAT; MODE AB Aims: To determine whether lactic acid bacteria ( LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF), and to identify those that survive best. Methods and Results: Twelve commercial silage inoculants were added at 10(7) CFU ml(-1) to strained RF (SRF) taken from dairy cows, with and without 5 g l(-1) glucose and incubated in vitro at 39 degreesC. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored for 72 h. In the inoculated RF with glucose, the pH decreased and numbers of LAB increased. The inoculants varied with regard to their effect on pH change and growth. In the SRF, both with and without glucose, the pH values of the inoculated samples were generally higher than those of the uninoculated controls throughout most of the incubation period. This may suggest a positive effect on the rumen environment. Conclusions: LAB used in silage inoculants can survive in RF in vitro. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first step in studying the probiotic potential of silage LAB inoculants for dairy cattle. The survival of these LAB in RF may enable them to interact with rumen microorganisms and to affect rumen functionality. C1 Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Forage Preservat & Byprod Res Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Weinberg, ZG (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Forage Preservat & Byprod Res Unit, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1066 EP 1071 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01942.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 678FP UT WOS:000182855200016 PM 12752816 ER PT J AU MacDonald, GE Querns, R Shilling, DG Bewick, TA McDonald, SK AF MacDonald, GE Querns, R Shilling, DG Bewick, TA McDonald, SK TI The influence of formulation, buffering, pH and divalent cations on the activity of endothall on hydrilla SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE mode-of-action; conductivity; photosynthesis inhibition; oxygen consumption; uncoupler; ionophore ID HERBICIDES AB Endothall has been used as an aquatic herbicide for more than 40 years and provides very effective weed control of many weeds. Early research regarding the mechanism-of-action of endothall contradicts the symptomology normally associated with the product. Recent studies suggest endothall is a respiratory toxin but the mechanism-of-action remains unknown. To further elucidate the activity of endothall, several endothall forinulations were evaluated for their effects on ion leakage, oxygen consumption and photosynthetic oxygen evolution from hydrilla shoot tips. The influence of pH, buffering and divalent cations was also evaluated. Based on ion leakage, the LD50 of the alkylamine formulation was substantially lower under both light and dark conditions than the acid or dipotassium salt formulations. Lowering the pH increased ion leakage, and therefore activity, of the dipotassium salt, while buffering had the opposite effect on the acid formulation. Neither pH nor buffer concentration had an effect on the alkylamine salt, however addition of divalent cations increased ion leakage by all formulations. The rate of oxygen consumption was initially increased followed by a sharp decrease for both the dipotassium and alkylamine salt formulations. All formulations also caused a marked reduction in photosynthetic oxygen evolution within 60 minutes of treatment. Based on these data, endothall appears to inhibit respiration and photosynthesis, possibly due to a similar mechanism. There also appears to be fundamental differences between the alkylamine salt and the other formulations that may help to explain the mechanism-of-action of endothall in hydrilla and other plants. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Yellow Springs Instrument Co Inc, Model 31, Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA. RP MacDonald, GE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, 304 Newell Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 678QV UT WOS:000182878700003 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Flores, D AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Flores, D TI Light reflectance characteristics and remote sensing of waterlettuce SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; light reflectance; color-infrared photography; color-infrared videography; accuracy assessment; Pistia stratiotes AB Waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) is a free-floating exotic aquatic weed that often invades and clogs waterways in the southeastern United States. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish infestations of waterlettuce in Texas waterways. Field reflectance measurements showed that waterlettuce had higher visible green reflectance than associated plant species. Waterlettuce could be detected in both aerial color-infrared (CIR) photography and videography where it had light pink to pinkish-white image tonal responses. Computer analysis of CIR photographic and videographic images had overall accuracy assessments of 86% and 84%, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, APHIS, TPQ, Plant Protect Lab, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 678QV UT WOS:000182878700008 ER PT J AU Boyd, DW Reeves, WK AF Boyd, DW Reeves, WK TI Anyphaena (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) overwintering on lowest limbs of white oak SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anyphaena; overwintering; Quercus alba ID SPIDERS ARANEAE; ORCHARDS; PREDATORS; TRAPS; TREES; BANDS; PEAR AB Juvenile Anyphaena sp. were collected from overwintering traps placed on the lowest limbs of white oak, Quercus alba, in South Carolina. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine that the number of juvenile Anyphaena sp. found can be predicted by the circumference of the limb, the distance from the trunk and the distance from the ground. This study helps demonstrate that the limbs of trees, although often neglected in overwintering studies, can provide a refuge for arthropods. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boyd, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1636/0161-8202(2003)031[0040:AAAOOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 699WB UT WOS:000184078000005 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA AF Greenstone, MH Shufran, KA TI Spider predation: Species-specific identification of gut contents by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; PCR; predation; gut analysis ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; IMMUNODOT ASSAY; SCAR MARKERS; ELISA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SEQUENCES; APHIDIDAE; ANTIGEN AB We extend detection of arthropod predator gut contents by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), heretofore restricted to insect predators, to spiders. Single individuals of the corn lead aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, were detected in the guts of spiderlings of Oxyopes salticus up to 12 h after feeding: individuals of the congeneric bird cherry oat aphid, R. padi, were not detected. Unfed O. salticus and Misumenops sp. were also negative. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1636/0161-8202(2003)031[0131:SPSIOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 699WB UT WOS:000184078000013 ER PT J AU Jackson, EC Krogh, SN Whitford, WG AF Jackson, EC Krogh, SN Whitford, WG TI Desertification and biopedturbation in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Chihuahuan Desert; biopedturbation; desertification; soil disturbance; rangeland condition indicators ID KANGAROO RAT MOUNDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RANGELAND HEALTH; GRASSLAND; INDICATORS; ANTS; DISTURBANCES; ENVIRONMENTS; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION AB We examined the relationship between biopedturbation (animal caused soil disturbance) and several vegetation and soil-based indicators of rangeland condition to evaluate the effects of desertification on animal soil disturbance. The area, volume, and abundance of various biopedturbation types were assessed at 117 sites in south-central New Mexico where vegetative cover and composition had been measured previously. There were significant relationships between biopedturbation and selected rangeland condition indicators. Increasing percentages of grass cover were positively associated with increasing total area of biopedturbation. Increasing percentages of shrub cover and mean bare patch size were negatively associated with total biopedturbation area. Biopedrurbation area and volume were related to indicators of rangeland condition and percent shrub cover best predicts the area of soil disturbed by animals. This relationship, however, cannot reliably predict total biopedturbation area or the area of soil disturbance types. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Fornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geog, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Jackson, EC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Fornada Expt Range, POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1022 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632CE UT WOS:000180205500001 ER PT J AU Brown, MF Whitford, W AF Brown, MF Whitford, W TI The effects of termites and straw mulch on soil nitrogen in a creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) dominated Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE chlordane; desert; soil nitrogen; straw; termites ID LITTER; SURFACE; MASS AB The effects of organic matter (wheat straw) and subterranean termites on concentrations of soil nitrogen were measured on insecticide-treated plots to eliminate-termites and by adding straw mulch to insecticide-treated and insecticide-untreated plots. Soil nitrogen was significantly higher, 435 mg g(-1) soil at 0-5 cm depth on plots with no termites than on plots with termites (340 mg g(-1) soil). There were no differences in total soil nitrogen at soil depths of 5-10 cm. Soil nitrogen was higher in soils with termites than in soils with termites excluded on straw-amended plots. On the plots without straw amendments, total soil nitrogen was higher in soils without termites than in soils with termites present. Termites had no significant effect on total soil nitrogen under shrub canopies in comparison with intercanopy soils. The addition of straw mulch did not result in higher soil nitrogen content in soils without termites. Termites were more important as effectors of soil nitrogen than addition of organic matter in the form of wheat straw. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA, ARS, Fornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Brown, MF (reprint author), Johnson Controls No New Mexico, POB 50, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1031 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632CE UT WOS:000180205500002 ER PT J AU Kemp, PR Reynolds, JF Virginia, RA Whitford, WG AF Kemp, PR Reynolds, JF Virginia, RA Whitford, WG TI Decomposition of leaf and root litter of Chihuahuan desert shrubs: effects of three years of summer drought SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE CENTURY model; Larrea tridentata; Prosopis glandulosa; nutrient cycling; mass loss ID NITROGEN DYNAMICS; GREAT PLAINS; MASS-LOSS; SURFACE; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS; RAINFALL; FOREST; CARBON; WATER AB One of the more uncertain aspects of nutrient cycling in desert ecosystems is the extent to which decomposition is controlled by water availability. Some of this uncertainty may be partly related to the duration of the studies and/or differences in the chemical composition of the decaying litter. We conducted a 3-year field study of rainfall to determine the impact of summer (June September) drought on decomposition of leaf and root litter of two shrub species (Larrea tridentata and Prosopis glandulosa) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (New Mexico, U.S.A.). In both species, leaf litter decayed at a faster rate and was less effected by drought than root litter. Drought had no influence on the rates of decomposition of leaves of either species during the first 18 months, but caused decay rates to decline by about 25% during the latter half of the study. Drought decreased decay of root litter in both species by about 25% throughout the 3 years. There was a general increase in percent nitrogen (%N) of decomposing leaf litter in both species. Root litter %N declined slightly in Larrea but remained relatively constant in Prosopis. Using a modified version of the CENTURY model, we were able to predict most aspects of observed leaf and root litter mass loss and nitrogen dynamics. Overall, the results of this study suggest that relatively large changes in precipitation produce comparatively small changes in rates of decay of both leaf and root litter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Kemp, PR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Phytotron Bldg,Box 90340, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Reynolds, James/G-6364-2010 NR 47 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1006/jare.2002.1025 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632CE UT WOS:000180205500003 ER PT J AU Collender, RN Shaffer, S AF Collender, RN Shaffer, S TI Local bank office ownership, deposit control, market structure, and economic growth SO JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE LA English DT Article DE commercial banking; economic growth; geographic liberalization; bank ownership ID INTERNAL CAPITAL-MARKETS; SMALL BUSINESS; CONSOLIDATION; CREDIT; INDUSTRY; FINANCE; AVAILABILITY; COMPETITION; RIGIDITY; MERGERS AB This paper tests empirical associations between banking market structure, banking regulation, and subsequent growth rates in local real per capita personal income. Our findings suggest that out-of-market bank mergers or acquisitions need not, ceteris paribus, impair local economic growth, and may even have beneficial effects in rural markets with the possible exception of farm-dependent areas. These findings derive from empirical models that relate both short-run and long-run growth rates to geographic restrictions on bank activity, concentration in local banking markets, in-market versus out-of-market ownership of local bank offices, and in-market versus out-of-market control of local bank deposits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, ERS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Collender, RN (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, POB 3985, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4266 J9 J BANK FINANC JI J. Bank Financ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 57 AR PII S0378-4266(01)00207-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-4266(01)00207-2 PG 31 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 629WX UT WOS:000180076200003 ER PT J AU Madhusudhan, KT McLaughlin, R Komori, N Matsumoto, H AF Madhusudhan, KT McLaughlin, R Komori, N Matsumoto, H TI Identification of a major protein upon phosphate starvation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 SO JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-SEPARATED PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; NUTRIENT STARVATION; PUTIDA KT2442; GENE; EXPRESSION; ELECTROPHORESIS; SIDEROPHORE; RESPONSES; BACTERIA AB To understand the physiology of non-differentiating bacteria exposed to nutrient deprivation and stress, various approaches have been employed in combination with detailed analysis of protein synthesis pattern. In this study, separation of proteins from clarified cell extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 grown under phosphorus limiting conditions was achieved by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Limitation of phosphate in the growth medium revealed significant differences in the 2-DE pattern of proteins between phosphate starved cells and an unstarved control. A major protein identified as PstS, a phosphate binding protein of the pts operon was exclusively found on 2-DE gels of phosphate starved bacteria. The identity of protein was established based on the results of EDMAN degradation, amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. PstS was also found in other pseudomonads, and therefore, it can be used as a landmark protein in proteomic studies. Additionally, we propose utilizing pstS of pseudomonads for testing bioavailable phosphate from soils and water streams. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. RP Madhusudhan, KT (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, 1800 Dayton Ave,POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0233-111X J9 J BASIC MICROB JI J. Basic Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1002/jobm.200390002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 652XC UT WOS:000181405300005 PM 12596240 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Baxter, R Ellwood, NTW Whitton, BA AF Turner, BL Baxter, R Ellwood, NTW Whitton, BA TI Seasonal phosphatase activities of mosses from Upper Teesdale, northern England SO JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bryophytes; Hylocomium splendens; moss; nitrogen; phosphodiesterase; phosphomonoesterase; phosphorus; uplands ID PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; VEGETATION; CHEMISTRY; SPHAGNUM; STREAMS AB Changes in tissue nutrient concentrations and surface phosphatase activities of eight moss species were measured over one year in terrestrial and semi-aquatic environments on Widdybank Fell, Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve, northern England. Rates of phosphatase activity in apical regions of moss shoots differed markedly between species, but were generally greatest in the winter and least in the summer in most species. Mean values for phosphomonoesterase activity (mumol para-nitrophenol g(-1) d.wt h(-1)) ranged from 18.2 for Polytrichum commune to 85.8 for Palustriella commutata var. falcata. Mean phosphodiesterase activity ranged from 3.1 for Polytrichum commune to 86.2 for Hylocomium splendens. In contrast, tissue nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the year. Phosphatase activities were negatively correlated with tissue phosphorus concentration for several species, although few relationships were detected between ambient nutrient concentrations and phosphatase activity, tissue nitrogen, or tissue phosphorus concentration. These results demonstrate that phosphatase activities can provide a sensitive indicator of nutrient stress in terrestrial and semi-aquatic mosses, notably in the ectohydric Hylocomium splendens. However, further studies at sites with a wide range of nutrient levels are required to determine whether the technique can be used to indicate ambient nutrient status. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0373-6687 J9 J BRYOL JI J. Bryol. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1179/037366803235001670 PN 3 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737NR UT WOS:000186239100006 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB DuPont, FM Kothari, KM Chan, R Johnson, EL Lieu, D AF Altenbach, SB DuPont, FM Kothari, KM Chan, R Johnson, EL Lieu, D TI Temperature, water and fertilizer influence the timing of key events during grain development in a US spring wheat SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum L.; grain development; environment; apoptosis ID NITROGEN ACCUMULATION; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; PROTEIN-COMPOSITION; WINTER-WHEAT; DURATION; ENDOSPERM; STARCH; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; TOLERANCE AB Controlled environments were used to define the manner in which temperature, water and fertilizer affect the timing of key transition points during grain development and to investigate the effects of combined environmental factors in a US spring wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)). When plants were subjected to very high temperature regimens (37/17 or 37/28degreesC day/night) during grain development, the times to maximum kernel water content, maximum dry weight and hay-vest maturity were shorter than in plants maintained under a 24/17 degreesC day/night regimen. Starch accumulated at similar rates, but the onset and cessation of starch accumulation occurred earlier. Apoptosis in endosperm tissue also occurred earlier under high temperatures and coincided with physiological maturity. The addition of drought to the 37/17 degreesC regimen further shortened the time to maximum water content and dry weight and reduced the duration of starch accumulation, but did not influence the timing of protein accumulation or kernel desiccation. Post-anthesis fertilizer had little effect on time to maximum water content, dry weight, apoptosis, or harvest maturity under any of the temperature regimens and did not influence the timing of starch accumulation. However, both the rate and duration of protein accumulation were reduced when post-anthesis fertilizer was omitted. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 104 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1006/jers.2002.0483 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 634JH UT WOS:000180335900002 ER PT J AU Chung, OK Ohm, JB Lookhart, GL Bruns, RF AF Chung, OK Ohm, JB Lookhart, GL Bruns, RF TI Quality characteristics of hard winter and spring wheats grown under an over-wintering condition SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hard winter wheat; hard spring wheat; quality prediction; single kernel characteristics ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; CLASSIFICATION AB Twelve (12) cultivars of each hard winter wheat (HWW) and hard spring wheat (HSW were grown three crop years in a unique growing environment in California that allows for synchronous grain fill of all genotypes thus removing a normally strong environmental component and allowing a better investigation of the genetic component differences. Through the three years, the HSW showed significantly higher mean values of protein and gluten contents, kernel hardness, and loaf volume but lower gluten index than HWW. Specifically, wheat near-infrared reflectance hardness score (NIR-HS) overlapped very little among individual cultivars of the two classes. Therefore, differences in wheat hardness between HWW and HSW might be caused by genetic background. The HWW and HSW, grown side by side, could be clearly classified by canonical analysis, using wheat characteristics including single kernel parameters in addition to NIR-HS. Principal component regression analysis indicated that flour yields and loaf volumes could be estimated using wheat characteristics and/or single kernel parameters, showing a good potential for screening early generation breeding lines. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. AgriPro Seeds Inc, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. RP Ohm, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2002.0484 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 634JH UT WOS:000180335900010 ER PT J AU Higiro, J Flores, RA Seib, PA AF Higiro, J Flores, RA Seib, PA TI Starch production from sorghum grits SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE recovery; yield; grits; starch ID GRAIN-SORGHUM AB A laboratory study was conducted to determine yield and quality of starch from different sorghum grits using wet milling on 100-g samples. Sorghum grits were produced from four hybrids by two dry milling techniques using roller mills and a decorticator-degerminator. Whole kernels and grits were wet milled, and starch was isolated. Results showed starch recoveries from whole sorghum ranging from 91.6% to 96.5%, protein contents in starch of 0.43-0.64%, and lightness (L*) values of starch of 94.2-95.4 for the four hybrids. Wet milling of + 12 grits (over a 1.68mm opening) which had been produced from the decorticator-degerminator gave the highest yields of starch of 18.1-44.1 % based on 100 g of whole kernels on a dry basis. The protein contents in the starch were 0.36-0.87% for that grit fraction of the four hybrids and starch lightness values ranged from 94.7 to 95.6. A higher recovery (61-70%) of starch was obtained from grits generated by the decorticator-degerminator than by roller milling (51-68%). Starch matching a commercial sample of corn starch in terms of quality could be produced from sorghum grits. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wydnmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wydnmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2002.0480 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 634JH UT WOS:000180335900011 ER PT J AU Southwell, IA Russell, MF Maddox, CDA Wheeler, GS AF Southwell, IA Russell, MF Maddox, CDA Wheeler, GS TI Differential metabolism of 1,8-cineole in insects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Faex nigroconspersa; Chrysophtharta bimaculata; Oxyops vitiosa; Pergagrapta; terpenoid metabolites; 1,8-cineole; hydroxy-1,8-cineole metabolites; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ID POSSUM URINARY METABOLITES; ESSENTIAL OIL; HOST-PLANT; BRUSHTAIL POSSUM; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; EUCALYPTUS; OXIDATION; BEETLE; GROWTH; LIVER AB In order to compare the metabolism of 1,8-cineole in the pyrgo beetle, Paropsisterna tigrina, three other herbivorous insect species, Faex nigroconspersa, Chrysophtharta bimaculata, and Oxyops vitiosa, were fed 1,8-cineole leaf diets. F. nigroconspersa adults excreted predominantly 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (36.2% of the volatile constituents) with some 2alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (11.4%). In contrast, larvae excreted predominantly 2alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (27.4%) and smaller proportions of 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (5.2%) and 3alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (4.3%). C. bimaculata adults excreted predominantly 3alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (16.5%). Oxyops vitiosa adults, on a lower 1,8-cineole diet, excreted predominantly 2alpha,9-dihydroxy-1,8-cineole (4.2%) and 2alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (3.5%), with smaller proportions of 3alpha-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (1.1%) and 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole (0.5%). This is the first reported occurrence of a dihydroxycineole as an insect metabolite. Gas chromatographic and mass spectral data for hydroxycineoles are recorded and interspecific metabolite variation discussed. C1 Wollongbar Agr Inst, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia. Trop Fruits Res Stn, Alstonville, NSW 2477, Australia. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Southwell, IA (reprint author), Wollongbar Agr Inst, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1023/A:1021976513603 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635GX UT WOS:000180392100007 PM 12647855 ER PT J AU Gouinguene, S Alborn, H Turlings, TCJ AF Gouinguene, S Alborn, H Turlings, TCJ TI Induction of volatile emissions in maize by different larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larval instar; induced plant volatiles; specificity-reliability; 6-arm olfactometer; Zea mays; Spodoptera littoralis; Microplitis rufiventris ID PLANT VOLATILES; PIERIS-BRASSICAE; ORAL SECRETIONS; PARASITIC WASPS; APHIDIUS-ERVI; HOST LOCATION; HERBIVORE; IDENTIFICATION; ELICITOR; ATTRACT AB Maize plants under attack by caterpillars emit a specific blend of volatiles that is highly attractive to parasitic wasps. The release of these signals is induced by elicitors in the caterpillar regurgitant. Studies suggest that plants respond differently to different herbivore species and even to different herbivore stages, thus providing parasitoids and predators with specific signals. We tested if this is the case for different larval instars of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis when they feed on maize plants. Cut maize plants were incubated in diluted regurgitant from second, third, or fifth instar caterpillars. There were no differences in total amount released after these treatments, but there were small differences in the release of the minor compounds phenethyl acetate and alpha-humulene. Regurgitant of all three instars contained the elicitor volicitin. To test the effect of actual feeding by the larvae, potted plants were infested with caterpillars of one of the three instars, and volatiles were collected the following day. The intensity of the emissions was correlated with the number of larvae feeding on a plant, and with the amount of damage inflicted, but was independent of the instar that caused the damage. We also used artificial damage to mimic the manner of feeding of each instar to test the importance of physical aspects of damages for the odor emission. The emission was highly variable, but no differences were found among the different types of damage. In olfactometer tests, Microplitis rufiventris, a parasitoid that can only successfully parasitize second and early third instar S. littoralis, did not differentiate among the odors of maize plants attacked by different instar larvae. The odor analyses as well as the parasitoid's responses indicate that maize odors induced by S. littoralis provide parasitoids with poor information on the larval developmental stage. We discuss the results in the context of variability and lack of specificity in odorous plant signals. C1 Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Lab Anim Ecol & Entomol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Turlings, TCJ (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Lab Anim Ecol & Entomol, CP 2, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RI Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 29 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 145 EP 162 DI 10.1023/A:1021984715420 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635GX UT WOS:000180392100011 PM 12647859 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Massey, LM Southwell, IA AF Wheeler, GS Massey, LM Southwell, IA TI Dietary influences on terpenoids sequestered by the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa: Effect of plant volatiles from different Melaleuca quinquenervia chemotypes and laboratory host species SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antipredator defense; biological control of weeds; beta-caryophyllene; Formicidae; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Myrtaceae; Myrica cerifera; Myricaceae Oxyops vitiosa; Curculionidae; plant defensive compounds; red imported fire ant; sequestration; Solenopsis invicta; terpenoids; (E)-nerolidol ID AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; ESSENTIAL OILS; BEETLE; LARVAE; FIELD; CURCULIONIDAE; EXPLOITATION; COLEOPTERA; MYRTACEAE; PREDATION AB The weevil Oxyops vitiosa is an Australian species imported to Florida, USA, for the biological control of the invasive species Melaleuca quinquenervia. The larvae of this species feed on the leaves of their host and produce a shiny orange secretion that covers their integument. Previous results indicated that a major component of this secretion, viridiflorol, is sequestered from the host plant and repels a generalist predator, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. When the larvae fed on a different chemotype of M. quinquenervia, which lacked viridiflorol but was rich in a different sesquiterpene, (E)-nerolidol, similar protection occurred. Solvent washes of these larvae indicated that (E) nerolidol was sequestered from M. quinquenervia leaves and repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at physiological concentrations (17.5, 35.0, and 52.5 mug/mg). Additionally, beta-caryophyllene also repelled S. invicta workers when applied to dog food baits at concentrations that approximated those in the O. vitiosa larval secretions (3.5 and 35 mug/mg). When the O. vitiosa larvae were fed leaves from laboratory hosts (nonfield hosts), similar repellent activity was found. This activity was traced to several of the same compounds (e. g., 1,8-cineole, viridiflorol) found to be active in their field host M. quinquenervia. These weevil larvae are opportunistic, sequestering the primary terpenoids in their host leaves that confer antipredator activity. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Nova SE Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. New S Wales Agr, Wollongbar Agr Inst, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 188 EP 207 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635GX UT WOS:000180392100014 ER PT J AU Sunehag, A Tigas, S Haymond, MW AF Sunehag, A Tigas, S Haymond, MW TI Contribution of plasma galactose and glucose to milk lactose synthesis during galactose ingestion SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB We have previously demonstrated that plasma glucose contributed 80% in the fed and 60% in the fasted state to lactose synthesis in humans, and de novo synthesis in the breast contributing to both the glucose and galactose moieties accounted for the remaining 20% and 40%, respectively, of lactose. The present study was conducted to determine, in lactating women, whether oral galactose is directly incorporated from plasma galactose into glucose and galactose in milk lactose or via conversion of galactose to glucose in the liver. Six healthy exclusively breast-feeding women (30 +/- 2 yr) (mean +/- SE) ingested galactose at 22 mumol(.)kg(-1.)min(-1) for 9 h after an overnight fast during infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose and [1-(13)C]galactose. We observed that 69 +/- 6% of glucose and 54 +/- 4% of galactose in lactose were derived directly from plasma glucose, whereas 7 +/- 2% and 12 +/- 2% of glucose and galactose in lactose, respectively, were derived directly from plasma galactose. De novo synthesis of glucose and galactose via hexoneogenesis accounted for 25 +/- 8% and 35 +/- 6%, respectively. We conclude that during ingestion of galactose the contribution from plasma glucose to glucose and galactose in lactose was similar to that of a short-term fasting, but part of the de novo synthesis of glucose and galactose in the breast was replaced by direct uptake of galactose. C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu OI Tigas, Stelios/0000-0001-7325-8983 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD37857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK 55478] NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 88 IS 1 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1210/jc.2002-020768 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 636MK UT WOS:000180459700038 PM 12519857 ER PT J AU Risatti, GR Callahan, JD Nelson, WM Borca, MV AF Risatti, GR Callahan, JD Nelson, WM Borca, MV TI Rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a portable real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA; SEQUENCE AMPLIFICATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEIC-ACID; PIGS; INFECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISEASE; PESTIVIRUSES AB A fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (TaqMan)-reverse transcriptase PCR assay for classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was developed and evaluated in experimentally infected swine. The assay detected CSFV, representing different phylogenetic groupings, but did not amplify viral RNA from related pestiviruses. The assay met or exceeded the sensitivity (1 to 100 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml) of viral cultures of samples from experimentally infected animals. Viral RNA was detected in nasal and tonsil scraping samples 2 to 4 days prior to the onset of clinical disease. The assay can be performed in 2 h or less, thus providing a rapid method for the diagnosis of classical swine fever. C1 USDA ARS NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Tetracore Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Borca, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.500-505.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700090 PM 12517907 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Bennett, RL AF Thorpe, KW Bennett, RL TI Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) survival and fecundity after short- and long-term rearing on artificial diets SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Colorado potato beetle; artificial diet; potatoes; survivorship; fecundity AB Survival, fecundity, and development time of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), reared for a single generation or multiple generations (7 to 9) on one of three artificial diets or potato foliage and then switched back to potato foliage were measured. There were no consistent differences in any of the variables among diets regardless of whether the insects had been reared for one or many generations on artificial diets. Adult survival was about 80% at 10 wks after eclosion and <10% after 30 wks. Females produced an average of 977 and 796 eggs by week 16 after being reared for a single and for many generations, respectively, on artificial diets. Egg hatch rates ranged from 81% at week 3 to 14% on week 15, resulting in an average larval production of 516 and 552 by week 16 for females reared for a single and for many generations, respectively, on artificial diets. These results suggest that Colorado potato beetles reared on artificial diets can be used in subsequent tests on foliage without significant carryover effects from either short- or long-term rearing on these diets. C1 USDA ARS, BACR E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, BACR E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 48 EP 58 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637ZA UT WOS:000180542600003 ER PT J AU Casana-Giner, V Oliver, JE Jang, E Carvalho, L AF Casana-Giner, V Oliver, JE Jang, E Carvalho, L TI Syntheses and behavioral evaluations of fluorinated and silylated analogs of raspberry ketone as attractants for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE melon fly; Bactrocera cucurbitae; male lures; fluorinated analogs; silylated analogs ID FRUIT-FLY AB Cuelure, the acetate of raspberry ketone, has for many years been the only practical lure for male melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). Outdoor olfactometer and field tests of several new analogs of raspberry ketone were conducted in Hawaii. Of the newly synthesized compounds, only 4-(4-((trimethylsilanyl)oxy)phenyl)butan-2-one, the trimethylsilyl ether of raspberry ketone, was highly attractive for male melon flies, being statistically equivalent to cuelure in a 2-d field test. None of several fluorinated analogs of raspberry ketone were nearly as attractive as raspberry ketone itself. The recently reported attractant zingerone did not show significant attractiveness to either male or female melon flies. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oliver, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Lab, B-007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637ZA UT WOS:000180542600009 ER PT J AU Casana-Giner, V Oliver, JE Jang, EB Carvalho, L Khrimian, A DeMilo, AB McQuate, GT AF Casana-Giner, V Oliver, JE Jang, EB Carvalho, L Khrimian, A DeMilo, AB McQuate, GT TI Raspberry ketone formate as an attractant for the melon fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera cucurbitae; melon fly; Tephritidae; lure; raspberry ketone; raspberry ketone formate; cuelure AB Cuelure, the acetate of raspberry ketone, has been the standard melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) attractant for at least 40 yrs. A closely related compound, raspberry ketone formate, is somewhat more volatile and has been found to be at least 1.7 times more attractive to both sterile and wild melon flies in field tests conducted in Hawaii, consistently outperforming cuelure for periods exceeding one month. C1 USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oliver, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC W, BARC Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Casana-Giner, Victor/0000-0002-8252-2608 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637ZA UT WOS:000180542600010 ER PT J AU Strom, BL Clarke, SR Roton, LM AF Strom, BL Clarke, SR Roton, LM TI Attraction of Ips avulsus (Eichoff) to varying enantiomeric composition of ipsdienol in commercially available lures SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attractant; bark beetle; chirality; lanierone; pheromone; Scolytidae C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Strom, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 701 N 1st St, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637ZA UT WOS:000180542600012 ER PT J AU Ginting, D Kessavalou, A Eghball, B Doran, JW AF Ginting, D Kessavalou, A Eghball, B Doran, JW TI Greenhouse gas emissions and soil indicators four years after manure and compost applications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; FEEDLOT MANURE; CORN; PHOSPHORUS; METHANE; WATER; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION AB Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission Of soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions Of CO2 were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO2 C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH4-C and N2O-N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 40 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400002 PM 12549538 ER PT J AU Spalding, RF Watts, DG Snow, DD Cassada, DA Exner, ME Schepers, JS AF Spalding, RF Watts, DG Snow, DD Cassada, DA Exner, ME Schepers, JS TI Herbicide loading to shallow ground water beneath Nebraska's management systems evaluation area SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; SURFACE-WATER; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES; NITRATE; DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE; METABOLITES AB Better management practices can counter deterioration of ground water quality. From 1991 through 1996 the influence of improved irrigation practices on ground water pesticide contamination was assessed at the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area. Three 13.4-ha corn (Zea mays L.) fields were studied: a conventional furrow-irrigated field, a surge-irrigated field and a center pivot-irrigated field, and a center pivot-irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field. The corn fields received one identical banded application of Bicep (atrazine [6-chloroN-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,-diamine] + metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) -N- (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide]) annually; the alfalfa field was untreated. Ground water samples were collected three times annually from 16 depths of 31 multilevel samplers. Six years of sample data indicated that a greater than 50% reduction in irrigation water on the corn management fields lowered average atrazine concentrations in the upper 1.5 in of the aquifer downgradient of the corn fields from approximately 5.5 to <0.5 mug L-1. Increases in deethylatrazine (DEA; 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) to atrazine molar ratios indicated that reducing water applications enhanced microbial degradation of atrazine in soil zones. The occurrence of peak herbicide loading in ground water was unpredictable but usually was associated with heavy precipitation within days of herbicide application. Focused recharge of storm runoff that ponded in the surge-irrigated field drainage ditch, in the upgradient road ditch, and at the downgradient end of the conventionally irrigated field was a major mechanism for vertical transport. Sprinkler irrigation technology limited areas for focused recharge and promoted significantly more soil microbial degradation of atrazine than furrow irrigation techniques and, thereby, improved ground water quality. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Water Sci Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Spalding, RF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400010 PM 12549546 ER PT J AU Brown, S Chaney, RL Hallfrisch, JG Xue, Q AF Brown, S Chaney, RL Hallfrisch, JG Xue, Q TI Effect of biosolids processing on lead bioavailability in an urban soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL; HEAVY-METALS; ZINC; PB; FERRIHYDRITE; MANGANESE; OXIDES; EARTHWORMS; EXTRACTION; ADSORPTION AB The potential for biosolids products to reduce Pb availability in soil was tested on a high Pb urban soil with biosolids from a treatment plant that used different processing technologies. High Fe biosolids compost and high Fe + lime biosolids compost from other treatment plants were also tested. Amendments were added to a Pb-contaminated soil (2000 mg kg(-1) Pb) at 100 g kg(-1) soil and incubated for 30 d. Reductions in Ph bioavailability were evaluated with both in vivo and in vitro procedures. The in vivo study entailed feeding a mixture of the Pb-contaminated soil and AIN93G Basal Mix to weanling rats. Three variations of an in vitro procedure were performed as well as conventional soil extracts [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and Ca(NO3)(2)] and sequential extraction. Addition of the high Fe compost reduced the bioavailability of soil Ph (in both in vivo and in vitro studies) by 37 and 43%, respectively. Three of the four compost materials tested reduced Ph bioavailability more than 20%. The rapid in vitro (pH 2.3) data had the best correlation with the in vivo bone results (R = 0.9). In the sequential extract, changes in partitioning of Pb to Fe and Mn oxide fractions appeared to reflect the changes in in vivo Pb bioavailability. Conventional extracts showed no changes in metal availability. These results indicate that addition of 100 g kg(-1) of high Fe and Mn biosolids composts effectively reduced Ph availability in a high Ph urban soil. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, ARNI, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, HNRS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 50 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400012 PM 12549548 ER PT J AU Wigington, PJ Griffith, SM Field, JA Baham, JE Horwath, WR Owen, J Davis, JH Rain, SC Steiner, JJ AF Wigington, PJ Griffith, SM Field, JA Baham, JE Horwath, WR Owen, J Davis, JH Rain, SC Steiner, JJ TI Nitrate removal effectiveness of a riparian buffer along a small agricultural stream in Western Oregon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; WETLANDS; RUNOFF; FOREST AB The Willamette Valley of Oregon has extensive areas of poorly drained, commercial grass seed lands. Little is know about the ability of riparian areas in these settings to reduce nitrate in water draining from grass seed fields. We established two study sites with similar soils and hydrology but contrasting riparian vegetation along an intermittent stream that drains perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) fields in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We installed a series of nested piezometers along three transects at each site to examine NO3-N in shallow ground water in grass seed fields and riparian areas. Results showed that a noncultivated riparian zone comprised of grasses and herbaceous vegetation significantly reduced NO3-N concentrations of shallow ground water moving from grass seed fields. Darcy's law-based estimates of shallow ground water flow through riparian zone A/E horizons revealed that this water flowpath could account for only a very small percentage of the streamflow. Even though there is great potential for NO3-N to be reduced as water moves through the noncultivated riparian zone with grass-herbaceous vegetation, the potential was not fully realized because only a small proportion of the stream flow interacts with riparian zone soils. Consequently, effective NO3-N water quality management in poorly drained landscapes similar to the study watershed is primarily dependent on implementation of sound agricultural practices within grass seed fields and is less influenced by riparian zone vegetation. Wise fertilizer application rates and timing are key management tools to reduce export of NO3-N in stream waters. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wigington, PJ (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, NHEERL, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400019 PM 12549555 ER PT J AU Field, JA Reed, RL Sawyer, TE Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ AF Field, JA Reed, RL Sawyer, TE Griffith, SM Wigington, PJ TI Diuron occurrence and distribution in soil and surface and ground water associated with grass seed production SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; SORPTION; SIMAZINE AB Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea] in soil, ground water, and surface water in areas affected by grass-seed production. A field study was designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of diuron and its transformation products at a poorly drained field site located along an intermittent tributary of Lake Creek in the southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. The experimental sites consisted of a field under commercial grass seed production with a cultivated riparian zone and a second site that was part of the same grass seed field but with a noncultivated riparian zone. Diuron and its transformation product DCPMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylmeal were the only significant residues detected in this study. Concentrations of diuron in surface water declined from a maximum of 28 mug/L immediately following application to low levels that persisted as long as flow was present. Diuron and DCPMU concentrations in shallow ground water (15-36 cm below ground surface) were highest (2-13 mug/L) in the zone immediately adjacent (0.5 m) to Lake Creek and indicated the influence of stream water on shallow ground water near the stream. Diuron and DCPMU detected in soil prior to the second season's application indicated the persistence of diuron and DCPMU from the previous year's application. Surface runoff during the rainy season removes only a very small percentage (<1%) of the applied herbicide. In addition, no evidence was obtained for the downward transport of diuron or its transformation products to deep ground water. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400020 PM 12549556 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Hartel, PG Olexa, TJ Stuedemann, JA AF Jenkins, MB Hartel, PG Olexa, TJ Stuedemann, JA TI Putative temporal variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from yearling steers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; FECAL POLLUTION; HOST; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; ANIMALS; STRAINS; WATERS; PCR; USA AB Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous component of the intestinal microflora of warm-blooded animals, and is an indicator of fecal contamination of surface waters. Ribotype profiling of E. coli is one of several genotypic methods that has been developed to determine the host origin of fecal bacteria. Like most genotypic methods of source tracking, ribotyping requires a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. To determine the extent of temporal variability of ribotypes and its effect on a host origin database, E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal samples of two herds of Black Angus steers at a long-term experimental site at four sampling times from October 1999 to July 2000. Fecal samples were taken from six randomly chosen steers at each time. At a similarity index of 90% as calculated by unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), 240 ribotypes were identified from 451 E coli isolates. Only 20 ribotypes (8.3%), comprising 33% of the total isolates, were shared among sampling times and were considered resident ribotypes. Two of the twenty resident ribotypes appeared at three sampling times, and the remaining eighteen appeared at two. The majority of the ribotypes, therefore, were transient and unique to each sampling time and steer. Both the apparent turnover of E. coli ribotypes and a clonal diversity index of 0.97 (indicative of extensive ribotype variability) suggest the necessity of ribotyping a large number E. coli isolates per host to establish a host origin database that is independent of temporal variability, or complete enough to be effective. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, J Phil Campbell Sr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 30 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400034 PM 12549570 ER PT J AU Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS Alva, AK VanClief, D Hostler, KH AF Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS Alva, AK VanClief, D Hostler, KH TI Elemental transport and distribution in soils amended with incinerated sewage sludge SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biomass; elements; incinerated sewage sludge; leaching; sewage sludge ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS AB Sewage sludge (SS) is the major solid waste of sewage and wastewater treatment plants in cities around the world. Even though treated effluent water from wastewater treatment plants are utilized for irrigation, disposal of sewage sludge is becoming a serious problem. This is due to its high content of certain heavy metals still posing threat of accumulation in plants and groundwater contamination when it is used as soil amendment or disposed in landfills. Water treatment plants incinerate the dewatered activated sewage sludge (ISS) and dissolve the ash in water to store in ash ponds for long-term storage (WISS). A study was undertaken to evaluate the transport and leaching potential of various elements and their distribution within soil columns amended with various rates of ISS. Results of this study indicates that ISS from wastewater treatment plants can be used as soil amendment on agricultural lands at low to medium rates (less than or equal to100 Mgha(-1)) without causing potential loading of metals into groundwater. C1 Savannah State Univ, Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Paramasivam, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM siva@savstate.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 807 EP 821 DI 10.1081/ESE-120018593 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 675XJ UT WOS:000182722600007 PM 12744434 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Sander, K Tierney, D AF Sharratt, B Sander, K Tierney, D TI Fate of autumn - Applied metolachlor in a clay loam in the northern US Corn Belt SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE herbicide movement; herbicide degradation; fall-applied herbicide; frozen soil; soil freezing; soil thaw; winter ID SNOWMELT INFILTRATION; FROZEN SOILS; ALACHLOR; FROST AB Application of herbicides in autumn is of interest to land managers who seek to reduce the number of field operations during spring in the northern Corn Belt. A limited number of herbicides, however, posses the physical characteristics that are required to minimize loss from soil over winter. This study examined the fate of one of these herbicides, metolachlor, during three consecutive winters (1994-1995, 1995-1996, and 1996-1997) near Morris, MN. Metolachlor was applied to the top 5 cm of a clay loam that was packed into a 1.8-m long plastic pipe. The pipe was then set inside a larger diameter. 1.8-m long plastic pipe that was buried vertically in the field. The gap between the pipes was insulated along the sides and sealed at the top; this configuration allowed collection of leachate and extraction of the smaller diameter pipe while the field soil was frozen. The experimental design was replicated thrice with sample date (date that the smaller diameter pipes were extracted from the field) as the main treatment. Pipes were extracted from the field at least twice during winter and sectioned into 2 cm or larger increments. The soil contained within these sections was then analyzed for metolachlor. Downward movement of metolachlor occurred in the soil profile during the autumn, but only in 1995. This movement was likely caused by exclusion during pore ice formation as the soil froze. At the time of complete soil thaw in spring, the majority of metolachlor was still detected in the zone of application (0-5 cm depth). Some metolachlor, however, was detected I to 3 cm below the zone of application in all three years. Downward movement during thaw was due primarily to infiltration of snowmelt and rain. Metolachlor was most vulnerable to degradation during spring, but some loss occurred in autumn prior to freeze-up. This study suggests that autumn-applied metolachlor moves little in a repacked clay loam profile during winter. Further studies are warranted in evaluating movement under a range of soil physical properties and management practices. C1 USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Agriliance, Inver Grove Heights, MN USA. Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1081/PFC-120016604 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 644WA UT WOS:000180941900003 PM 12602822 ER PT J AU Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium Tn5 mutants defective for survival on egg shell surface using transposon footprinting SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella typhimurium; egg shell; Tn5 mutagenesis; footprint ID UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; FOOD; ENTERITIDIS AB The objective of this study was to screen the genome of Salmonella typhimurium for genes potentially required for survival on egg shell surfaces using a novel transposon footprinting method based on a previously developed Tn5 mutagenesis technique. Since the amplified DNA fragment length should usually be unique for each mutant, the polymerase chain reaction products separated on an agarose gel generate a transposon: footprint With each band in the footprint representing the corresponding Tn5 mutant. By comparing the footprints from the pools of S. typhimurium Tn5 mutants before and after inoculation on egg shell surfaces, Tn5 mutants not recovered after selection were rapidly identified for potential isolation and genetic analysis. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1081/PFC-120016609 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 644WA UT WOS:000180941900008 PM 12602827 ER PT J AU Dey, BP Thaler, A Gwozdz, F AF Dey, BP Thaler, A Gwozdz, F TI Analysis of microbiological screen test data for antimicrobial residues in food animals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE food animals; residues; sulfonamides; antibiotics; pilot study in-vitro; screen tests; STOP; CAST; FAST ID TISSUES; MEAT AB This study analyzes the National Residue Program (NRP) of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), data for the years 1983-1998 to determine the effectiveness of all three microbiological screen tests that were developed and used by the FSIS to control antimicrobial residues in food animals. The Swab Test On Premises (STOP) was the first screen test introduced in slaughterhouses, followed by the Calf Antibiotic Sulfonamide Test (CAST) and the Fast Antimicrobial Screen Test (FAST). The data for STOP indicates that during 1983-1998, the rate of food animal carcasses with violative levels of antimicrobial residues reduced from 2.33% to 0.45% under the monitoring plan and under the surveillance plan, the rate reduced from 55.1% to 0.56%. Similarly, the data for CAST indicates that the rate of calf carcasses with violative levels of antimicrobial residue also declined significantly during those years. Because of its,higher sensitivity and shorter analytical time, the use of FAST started in 1995. By 1999, it had practically replaced the use of STOP and CAST in bovine species. The use of only one test such as FAST instead of different tests has removed confusion for testing different species of food animals and thereby has enhanced the efficiency of the NRP. C1 ARS, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program Dev & Evaluat, Anim & Egg Prod Food Safety Staff, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dey, BP (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy Program Dev & Educ, Anim & Egg Prod Food Safety Staff, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Room 0002, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1081/PFC-120019904 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 670VN UT WOS:000182430000013 PM 12716055 ER PT J AU Mostafa, FIY Helling, CS AF Mostafa, FIY Helling, CS TI Isolation and 16S DNA characterization of soil microorganisms from tropical soils capable of utilizing the herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE hexazinone; tebuthiuron; pesticide degradation; microbial isolation; microbial identification; Methylobacterium; Microbacterium; Paenibacillus; tropical soils ID METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA; SP-NOV; METHYLOBACTERIUM; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; SEQUENCE; PERSISTENCE; PROBES; GENUS AB Six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from Colombian (South America) and Hawaiian (USA) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (Hex) and tebuthiuron (Teb). Microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16S DNA sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16S rRNA gene for bacterial identification. The isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from Colombia, Methylobacterium organophilum [Teb], Paenibacillus pabuli [Teb], and Microbacterium foliorum [Hex]; and from Hawaii, Methylobacterium radiotolerans [Teb], Paenibacillus illinoisensis [Hex], and Rhodococcus equi [Hex]. The findings further explain how these herbicides, which have potential for illicit coca (Erythroxylum sp.) control, dissipate following their application to tropical soils. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Helling, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 783 EP 797 DI 10.1081/PFC-120025579 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 745AW UT WOS:000186665900009 PM 14649709 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Palmer, R AF Fayer, R Santin, M Palmer, R TI Comparison of microscopy and PCR for detection of three species of Encephalitozoon in feces SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID HUMAN-PATHOGENIC MICROSPORIDIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; WATER; SAMPLES C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 572 EP 573 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00633.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400024 PM 14736166 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Palmer, R Li, XD AF Fayer, R Santin, M Palmer, R Li, XD TI Detection of Encephalitozoon hellem in feces of experimentally infected chickens SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo C1 ARS, USDA, Environm Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 574 EP 575 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00634.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400025 PM 14736167 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Mitchell, SM Cole, RA Flick, GJ Wetch, CN Lindquist, A Dubey, JP AF Lindsay, DS Collins, MV Mitchell, SM Cole, RA Flick, GJ Wetch, CN Lindquist, A Dubey, JP TI Sporulation and survival of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seawater SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; DOLPHIN; INFECTION; CATS; SEAL AB We have been collaborating since 1992 in studies on southern sea otters (Enhdyra lutris nereis) as part of a program to define factors, which may be responsible for limiting the growth of the southern sea otter population. We previously demonstrated Toxoplasma gondii in sea otters. We postulated that cat feces containing oocysts could be entering the marine environment through storm run-off or through municipal sewage since cat feces are often disposed down toilets by cat owners. The present study examined the sporulation of T gondii oocysts in seawater and the survival of sporulated oocysts in seawater. Unsporulated oocysts were placed in 15 ppt artificial seawater, 32 ppt artificial seawater or 2% sulfuric acid (positive control) at 24 C in an incubator. Samples were examined daily for 3 days and development monitored by counting 100 oocysts from each sample. From 75 to 80% of the oocysts were sporulated by 3 days post-inoculation under all treatment conditions. Groups of 2 mice were fed 10,000 oocysts each from each of the 3 treatment groups. All inoculated mice developed toxoplasmosis indicating that oocysts were capable of sporulating in seawater. Survival of sporulated oocysts was examined by placing sporulated T gondii oocysts in 15 ppt seawater at room temperature 22-24 C (RT) or in a refrigerator kept at 4 C. Mice fed oocysts that had been stored at 4C or RT for 6 months became infected. These results indicate that T gondii oocysts can sporulate and remain viable in seawater for several months. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. US Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. US EPA, Biohazard Assessment Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USDA, Anim Parasite Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 687 EP 688 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00688.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400079 PM 14736220 ER PT J AU Santin, M Ludwig, K Fayer, R Trout, JM AF Santin, M Ludwig, K Fayer, R Trout, JM TI First report of Giardia in coyotes (Canis latrans) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID ANIMALS; SAMPLES; FARM C1 USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Trout, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 709 EP 709 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00697.x PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400088 PM 14736229 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, LH TI Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past, present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; invasive weeds; leaf area ratio; net assimilation rate; relative growth rate ID ELEVATED CO2; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANTS; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; DROUGHT; BIOMASS; RECORD; YIELD; MODEL AB The response of plant species to future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] has been determined for hundreds of crop and tree species. However, no data are currently available regarding the response of invasive weedy species to past or future atmospheric [CO2]. In the current study, the growth of six species which are widely recognized as among the most invasive weeds in the continental United States, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), and yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) were grown from seed at either 284, 380 or 719 mumol mol(-1) [CO2] until the onset of sexual reproduction (i.e. the vegetative period). The CO2 concentrations corresponded roughly to the CO2 concentrations which existed at the beginning of the 20th century, the current [CO2], and the future (CO2] projected for the end of the 21st century, respectively. The average stimulation of plant biomass among invasive species from current to future [CO2] averaged 46%, with the largest response (+72%) observed for Canada thistle. However, the growth response among these species to the recent [CO2] increase during the 20th century was significantly higher, averaging 110%, with Canada thistle again (+180%) showing the largest response. Overall, the CO2-induced stimulation of growth for these species during the 20th century (285-382 mumol mol(-1)) was about 3X greater than for any species examined previously. Although additional data are needed, the current study suggests the possibility that recent increases in atmospheric CO2 during the 20th century may have been a factor in the selection of these species. C1 ARS, USDA, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Ctr, Bldg 001,Room 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 6 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 54 IS 381 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg027 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 636RM UT WOS:000180470500024 PM 12493868 ER PT J AU Moriguchi, T Kita, M Hasegawa, S Omura, M AF Moriguchi, Takaya Kita, Masayuki Hasegawa, Shin Omura, Mitsuo TI Molecular approach to citrus flavonoid and limonoid biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bitterness; citrus; flavonoid; gene expression; limonoid AB Citrus fruits are rich in secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, flavonoids and limonoids. Recent studies show that these secondary metabolites possess potential health benefits for humans, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, biochemical studies of citrus secondary metabolites have been intensively investigated. However, our knowledge on the molecular aspects of the biosynthesis of these compounds has been limited. Some of the genes involved in the flavonoid and limonoid biosynthesis have been isolated from citrus. In this review, we report on the expression of flavonoid- and limonoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus towards pharmacological applications and breeding using a molecular technique. C1 [Moriguchi, Takaya; Kita, Masayuki] Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Plant Cell & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058605, Japan. [Hasegawa, Shin] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Omura, Mitsuo] Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citriculture, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4240292, Japan. RP Moriguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Plant Cell & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058605, Japan. EM takaya@affrc.go.jp NR 28 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WC UT WOS:000208574700003 ER PT J AU McPhee, K AF McPhee, Kevin TI Dry pea production and breeding - A mini-review SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pisum sativum; plant breeding; genetics; production; disease; quality AB Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) was domesticated over 9000 years ago and has been produced in association with cereals since that time. Its seed is highly nutritious and approximately half the world production is fed to livestock while the remaining portion is used for human food, primarily in developing counties. Pea is a cool-season legume crop produced in cool temperate climates worldwide for its highly nutritious seed and many rotational benefits in cereal grain production. Major production constraints for pea include crop pests and adverse environmental conditions such as frost, drought and excessive heat. Viral and fungal pathogens economically impact seed production and quality; however, resistance to several of these pathogens is available and has been incorporated into many adapted cultivars. Genetic improvement of pea began with domestication and has been aided more recently by decades of research beginning with Gregor Mendel's initial discovery of inheritance. Since that time a myriad of geneticists have discovered novel traits and created detailed genetic maps of the Pisum genome. Population improvement has been achieved through introduction of novel traits from wild germplasm and landraces as well as pyramiding multiple positive alleles in adapted genetic backgrounds. Marker assisted selection is possible in pea due to the development of detailed genetic maps and DNA markers, however the expense and inconvenience associated with using a number of different protocols which were used to identify the markers has limited their application. Efficient gene transfer through gene technology provides breeding programs an additional tool to overcome deficiencies in genetic variation within Pisum germplasm. Nutritional and agronomic benefits of dry pea ensure its inclusion in production systems worldwide while the application of modern DNA technology and gene technology promises to overcome many current production constraints. C1 [McPhee, Kevin] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McPhee, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McPhee, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 646434, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmcphee@mail.wsu.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WC UT WOS:000208574700010 ER PT J AU Wade, WN Scouten, AJ McWatters, KH Wick, RL Demirci, A Fett, WF Beuchat, LR AF Wade, WN Scouten, AJ McWatters, KH Wick, RL Demirci, A Fett, WF Beuchat, LR TI Efficacy of ozone in killing Listeria monocytogenes on alfalfa seeds and sprouts and effects on sensory quality of sprouts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; SALMONELLA; INACTIVATION; MICROORGANISMS; CHLORINE; BACTERIA; STORAGE; O157H7; GROWTH AB A study was done to determine the efficacy of aqueous ozone treatment in killing Listeria monocytogenes on inoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Reductions in populations of naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms on sprouts and changes in the sensory quality of sprouts were also determined. The treatment (10 or 20 min) of seeds in water (4degreesC) containing an initial concentration of 21.8 +/- 0.1 mug/ml of ozone failed to cause a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduction in populations of L. monocytogenes. The continuous sparging of seeds with ozonated water (initial ozone concentration of 21.3 +/- 0.2 mug/ml) for 20 min significantly reduced the population by 1.48 log(10) CFU/g. The treatment (2 min) of inoculated alfalfa sprouts with water containing 5.0 +/- 0.5, 9.0 +/- 0.5. or 23.2 +/- 1.6 mug/ml of ozone resulted in significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions of 0.78, 0.81, and 0.91 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, compared to populations detected on sprouts treated with water. Treatments (2 min) with up to 23.3 +/- 1.6 mug/ml of ozone did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce populations of aerobic naturally occurring microorganisms. The continuous sparging of sprouts with ozonated water for 5 to 20 min caused significant reductions in L. monocytogenes and natural microbiota compared to soaking in water (control) but did not enhance the lethality compared to the sprouts not treated with continuous sparging. The treatment of sprouts with ozonated water (20.0 mug/ml) for 5 or 10 min caused a significant deterioration in the sensory quality during subsequent storage at 4degreesC for 7 to 11 days. Scanning electron microscopy of uninoculated alfalfa seeds and sprouts showed physical damage, fungal and bacteria] growth, and biofilm formation that provide evidence of factors contributing to the difficulty of killing microorganisms by treatment with ozone and other sanitizers. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Life Sci Consortium, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Intervent & Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Beuchat, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 635DP UT WOS:000180383000007 PM 12540180 ER PT J AU Gagliardi, JV Millner, PD Lester, G Ingram, D AF Gagliardi, JV Millner, PD Lester, G Ingram, D TI On-farm and postharvest processing sources of bacterial contamination to melon rinds SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID WATERMELON; SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; CANTALOUPE; PRODUCE; FRUITS AB Multistate and international foodborne illness outbreaks, particularly involving cantaloupe and often involving rare Salmonella spp., have increased dramatically over the past 13 years. This study assessed the sources and extent of melon rind contamination in production fields and at processing and packing facilities. In the spring of 1999, cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. [reticulatus group] cv. Cruiser) sampled from two sites in the Rio Grande River Valley showed that postharvest-processed melon rinds often had greater plate counts of bacterial contaminants than field-fresh melons. Cantaloupe in the field had 2.5 to 3.5 log CFU g(-1) rind total coliforms by aerobic plate counts, whereas washed melons had 4.0 to 5.0 log CFU g(-1). In the fall of 1999, coliforms on honeydew melons (C. melo [inodorous group] cv. Honey Brew) ranged from 2.6 to 3.7 log CFU g(-1) after processing, and total and fecal coliforms and enterococci never fell below 2.5 log CFU g(-1). A hydrocooler at another site contaminated cantaloupe rinds with up to 3.4 log CFU g(-1) total and fecal enterococci; a secondary rinse with chlorinated water incompletely removed these bacteria. Sources of coliforms and enterococci were at high levels in melon production soils, especially in furrows that were flood irrigated, in standing water at one field, and in irrigation water at both sites. At one processing facility, wash water pumped from the Rio Grande River may not have been sufficiently disinfected prior to use. Because soil, irrigation water, and process water were potential sources of bacterial contamination, monitoring and management on-farm and at processing and packing facilities should focus on water quality as an important control point for growers and packers to reduce bacterial contamination on melon rinds. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Gagliardi, JV (reprint author), 3708 63rd Ave, Landover, MD 20785 USA. NR 39 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 635DP UT WOS:000180383000012 PM 12540185 ER PT J AU Endley, S Lu, LG Vega, E Hume, ME Pillai, SD AF Endley, S Lu, LG Vega, E Hume, ME Pillai, SD TI Male-specific coliphages as an additional fecal contamination indicator for screening fresh carrots SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; COSTA-RICA; OUTBREAK; SALMONELLA; LETTUCE; VEGETABLES; BACTERIOPHAGES; CONSUMPTION; PRODUCE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of male-specific (F+) coliphages as a fecal-contamination indicator for fresh carrots. The prevalence of specific pathogens and indicator organisms on the surface of carrots obtained from a farm, truck, and processing shed was studied. Twenty-five carrot samples collected from each of these locations were washed, and aliquots of the wash were analyzed for the presence of F coliphages, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. Additionally, the Salmonella isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Our studies detected the presence of F+ coliphages, E. coli, and Salmonella on carrots. All samples, however, tested negative for Shigella. Although none of the carrot samples from the field were positive for E. coli, one sample was positive for Salmonella, and another was positive for F coliphages. From the truck, two carrot samples (8%) were positive for Salmonella, four (16%) were positive for F+ coliphages, and four (16%) were positive for E. coli. None of the carrot samples from the processing shed were positive for Salmonella. However, 2 carrot samples (8%) were positive for E. coli, and 14 carrot samples (56%) were positive for F+ coliphages. The PFGE results suggest that there were three distinct Salmonella genotypes among the carrot samples from the truck and that the Salmonella isolates identified on carrot samples from the field and truck locations were different. Microbiological screening of fresh produce such as carrots (which can be exposed to fecal contaminants in soils and water) should ensure the detection of both viral and bacterial contaminants. Overall, in this study, F coliphages were detected in 25% of the carrot samples, compared to E. coli (8%), Salmonella (4%), and Shigella (0%). The results suggest F+ coliphages can serve as a conservative indicator of fecally associated viruses on carrots. This suggests that in addition to E. coli screening, F+ coliphages should be included when produce such as carrots that are vulnerable to fecal contaminants are screened. Since the detection of specific enteric viral pathogens is expensive, screening for viral indicators of fecal contamination using F coliphages can be an economical approach to providing an additional level of assurance about the microbiological quality of fresh carrots. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 635DP UT WOS:000180383000013 PM 12540186 ER PT J AU Boothe, DH Arnold, JW AF Boothe, DH Arnold, JW TI Resistance of bacterial isolates from poultry products to therapeutic veterinary antibiotics SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FOOD-INDUSTRY; CHICKEN; SALMONELLA; BIOFILMS; TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHMENT; LISTERIA; SPP.; MEAT AB Bacterial isolates from poultry products were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antibiotics commonly used in the therapeutic treatment of poultry. Bacteria were isolated from fresh whole broiler carcasses or from cut-up meat samples (breast with or without skin, wings, and thighs) that were either fresh or stored at 4 or 13degreesC (temperatures relevant to poultry-processing facilities). The Biolog system was used to identify isolates, and a broth dilution method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance properties of both these isolates and complementary cultures from the American Type Culture Collection. The antibiotics to which the most resistance was noted were penicillin G, sulfadimethoxine, and erythromycin; the antibiotic to which the least resistance was noted was enrofloxacin. Individual isolates exhibited resistances to as many as six antibiotics, with the most common resistance pattern involving the resistance of gram-negative bacteria to penicillin G, sulfadimethoxine, and erythromycin. Differences in resistance patterns were noted among 18 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative bacteria, and comparisons were made between species within the same genus. The data obtained in this study provide a useful reference for the species and resistance properties of bacteria found on various raw poultry products, either fresh or stored at temperatures and for times relevant to commercial processing, storage, and distribution. The results of this study show that resistance to antibiotics used for the therapeutic treatment of poultry occurs in bacteria in the processing environment. C1 USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 635DP UT WOS:000180383000014 PM 12540187 ER PT J AU Davis, AR Fish, WW Perkins-Veazie, P AF Davis, AR Fish, WW Perkins-Veazie, P TI A rapid hexane-free method for analyzing lycopene content in watermelon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lycopene; carotenoid; watermelon; lycopene assay; lycopene quantitation ID TOMATO; COLOR; MATURITY; PRODUCTS AB Lycopene is a red carotenoid with antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. Current methods to assay lycopene content are time-consuming and require organic solvents. This report discusses a rapid and reliable light-absorption method to assay watermelon lycopene content that uses no organic solvents. Light absorption of 152,watermelon flesh purees was measured with a xenon flash colorimeter/spectrophotometer that can measure actual light absorption from opaque samples; results were compared with a hexane extraction method. The puree absorbance method gave a precise linear relationship (R-2 = 0.98) to lycopene content and was independent of lycopene concentrations or watermelon variety within the lycopene concentration measured (24 mg/g to 88 mg/g fresh weight). C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14160.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 646TA UT WOS:000181049300056 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ AF Brandeis, TJ TI Puerto Rico's forest inventory - Adapting the Forest Inventory and Analysis program to a Caribbean island SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE FIA; international forestry AB Rapid changes in vegetation over short distances, high species diversity, and fragmented landscape challenge the implementation of the Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on Puerto Rico. Applying the hexagonal FIA grid as used on the continental United States,the Forest Service is installing a new forest sampling and monitoring framework that incorporates previous inventory plots and has an expanded scope. However, an adequate description of Puerto Rico's diverse tropical forests requires additional sampling; the solution is l to intensify the base systematic sampling grid. Ultimately, this framework can be used to monitor all vegetation and cover types on the island, plus fauna, soils, and air and water quality-in short, to create a comprehensive, long-term natural resources inventory and monitoring network. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100006 ER PT J AU Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W AF Blundell, AG Scatena, FN Wentsel, R Sommers, W TI Ecorisk assessment using indicators of sustainability - Invasive species in the Caribbean National Forest of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE africanized bees; bamboo; Montreal Process ID BAMBOO AB Ecological risk assessment using indicators of sustainability offers a framework for the objective analysis of management decisions in complex landscapes. To demonstrate this approach, we examined risks to the Caribbean National Forest. Among the many stressors, invasive species (especially bamboo and Africanized bees) pose the largest potential risk to management goals. Although bamboo is spreading slowly, the risk of colonization is sufficient to require monitoring and research. Africanized bees, on the other hand, should be removed immediately from sensitive areas to increase the nesting success of the endemic but endangered Puerto Rican parrot. C1 USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Blundell, AG (reprint author), USAID, EGAT Forestry Team, 3426 16th St NW,308, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100007 ER PT J AU Stankey, GH Bormann, BT Ryan, C Shindler, B Sturtevant, V Clark, RN Philpot, C AF Stankey, GH Bormann, BT Ryan, C Shindler, B Sturtevant, V Clark, RN Philpot, C TI Adaptive management and the Northwest Forest Plan - Rhetoric and reality SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; Pacific Northwest; policy; USDA Forest Service AB Adaptive management represents a process to use management policies as a source of lea ming, which in turn can inform subsequent actions. However, despite its appealing and apparently straightforward objectives, examples of successful implementation remain elusive, and a review of efforts to implement an adaptive approach in the Northwest Forest Plan proves the point. Barriers include an institutional and regulatory environment that stymies innovation, increasing workloads coupled with declining resources that constrain learning-based approaches, and a lack of leadership. The time is right to learn from experiences and consider alternatives. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Ashland, OR USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Stankey, GH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. OI Ryan, Clare/0000-0003-0986-6110 NR 27 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100011 ER PT J AU Rosen, BN Kaiser, HF AF Rosen, BN Kaiser, HF TI Twenty years of price reporting to NIPF owners - A progress report SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE economics; industry; timber market ID TIMBER; INFORMATION AB A 2000 survey of stumpage price reporting services was compared with surveys conducted in 1980 and 1990 to determine whether the information provided to nonindustrial private forest-land owners had improved. Slightly fewer states issue reports today than in 1990, but private reports are now available for Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The quality of most reports has changed little since 1990. Although market reporting can help landowners make intelligent management decisions, most NIPF owners do not participate in timber markets, and few who do participate engage professional foresters-a source of market information. The most pressing need in the market reporting system is transferring the information to the millions of landowners. The Internet is becoming a vehicle, but more outreach to NIPF owners is needed. C1 CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Zicklin Sch Business, New York, NY 10010 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rosen, BN (reprint author), CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Zicklin Sch Business, 17 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 635EK UT WOS:000180385100012 ER PT J AU Lee, AK Suh, JK Roh, MS Slovin, JP AF Lee, AK Suh, JK Roh, MS Slovin, JP TI Analysis of genetic relationships of Ardisia spp. using RAPD markers SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; GERMPLASM AB Three Ardisia species, A. pusilla, A. japonica, and A. cranata, are native to the southern part of Korea, Japan, and China, and have been marketed as a berry-bearing ornamental plant. The genetic relationships among these three native Ardisia plants collected from various locations in Korea as well as commercially available Ardisia of unknown origin was investigated by analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide and 12-mer oligonucleotide primers generated a total of 78 polymorphic bands ranging from 400 by to 2,000 bp. Members of each Ardisia species were clustered together when a dendrogram, was constructed using a squared euclidean distance of 10.0. A. pusilla was more closely associated with A. japonica than A. crenata. A. japonica currently marketed in floral and nursery trades were most closely related to a native plant from Jindo, Korea. A. crenata was divided into two or three groups based on geographical origin. A. crenata plants on the market in Korea are related to those from Florida, USA, which were originally started from seeds imported from China. Molecular markers generated by RAPD analysis were successfully used to characterize genetic relationships among three species of the genus Ardisia and to characterize different accessions. C1 Dankook Univ, Sch Bioresources Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum Floral & Nursery Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Sch Bioresources Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 646VQ UT WOS:000181056600004 ER PT J AU Kabbani, NS Wilde, PE AF Kabbani, NS Wilde, PE TI Short recertification periods in the US Food Stamp Program SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Income Volatility and Implications for Food Assistance Programs CY MAY 02-03, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID CASELOADS AB The federal government requires states to recertify most participants in the Food stamp Program at least once a year. In recent years, many states have dramatically increased their use of short recertification periods (three months or less) in an effort to lower their food stamp error rates. This trend hits been especially pronounced for working households. This article investigates the impact of recertification regimes on error rates and program participation rates, for households with and without earnings. Based on these estimates, it quantifies the tradeoff that states,faced during the 1990s between maintaining low error rates and encouraging program participation. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Econ, New York, NY 10017 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kabbani, NS (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Econ, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. RI Wilde, Parke/B-6011-2009 OI Wilde, Parke/0000-0002-9596-9230 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 2537 DANIELS ST, MADISON, WI 53718 USA SN 0022-166X J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PY 2003 VL 38 SU S BP 1112 EP 1138 DI 10.2307/3558983 PG 27 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 735RQ UT WOS:000186128700005 ER PT J AU Ekkens, MJ Liu, ZG Liu, Q Whitmire, J Xiao, SY Foster, A Pesce, J VanNoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Ekkens, MJ Liu, ZG Liu, Q Whitmire, J Xiao, SY Foster, A Pesce, J VanNoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC TI The role of OX40 ligand interactions in the development of the Th2 response to the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; VIVO IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CD4 T-CELLS; B-CELL; GERMINAL-CENTERS; CYTOKINE DIFFERENTIATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; DENDRITIC CELLS; IGE RESPONSES AB In these studies, we examined the effects of OX40 ligand (OX40L) deficiency on the development of Th2 cells during the Th2 immune response to the intestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Elevations in IL-4 production and total and Ag-specific serum IgE levels were partially inhibited during both the primary and memory immune responses to H. polygyrus in OX40L(-/-) mice. The host-protective memory response was compromised in OX40L(-/-) mice, as decreased worm expulsion and increased egg production were observed compared with H. polygyrus-inoculated OX40L(+/+) mice. To further examine the nature of the IL-4 defect during priming, adoptively transferred DO11.10 T cells were analyzed in the context of the H. polygyrus response. Although Ag-specific T cell IL-4 production was reduced in the OX40L(-/-) mice following immunization with OVA peptide plus H. polygyrus, Ag-specific T cell expansion, cell cycle progression, CXCR5 expression, and migration were comparable between OX40L(+/+) and OX40L(-/-) mice inoculated with OVA and H. polygyrus. These studies suggest an important role for OX40/OX40L interactions in specifically promoting IL-4 production, as well as associated IgE elevations, in Th2 responses to H. polygyrus. However, OX40L interactions were not required for serum IgG1 elevations, increases in germinal center formation, and Ag-specific Th2 cell expansion and migration to the B cell zone. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Div Immunol Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31678] NR 48 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 170 IS 1 BP 384 EP 393 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 630KT UT WOS:000180106600050 PM 12496423 ER PT J AU Skory, CD AF Skory, CD TI Lactic acid production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a Rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactic acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Rhizopus oryzae; lactate dehydrogenase ID PYRUVATE-DECARBOXYLASE; INTRACELLULAR PH; YEAST; ENZYME; CELLS; FERMENTATION; GROWTH AB This work demonstrates the first example of a fungal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expressed in yeast. A (L)(+)-LDH gene, ldhA, from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae was modified to be expressed under control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae adh1 promoter and terminator and then placed in a 2 mu-containing yeast-replicating plasmid. The resulting construct, pLdhA68X, was transformed and tested by fermentation analyses in haploid and diploid yeast containing similar genetic backgrounds. Both recombinant strains utilized 92 g glucose/l in approximately 30 h. The diploid isolate accumulated approximately 40% more lactic acid with a final concentration of 38 g lactic acid/l and a yield of 0.44 g lactic acid/g glucose. The optimal pH for lactic acid production by the diploid strain was pH 5. LDH activity in this strain remained relatively constant at 1.5 units/mg protein throughout the fermentation. The majority of carbon was still diverted to the ethanol fermentation pathway, as indicated by ethanol yields between 0.25-0.33 g/g glucose. S. cerevisiae mutants impaired in ethanol production were transformed with pLdhA68X in an attempt to increase the lactic acid yield by minimizing the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol. Mutants with diminished pyruvate decarboxylase activity and mutants with disrupted alcohol dehydrogenase activity did result in transformants with diminished ethanol production. However, the efficiency of lactic acid production also decreased. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Skory, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s10295-002-0004-2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 643RZ UT WOS:000180875400004 PM 12545382 ER PT J AU Kalish, RS Wood, JA Golde, W Bernard, R Davis, LE Grimson, RC Coyle, PK Luft, BJ AF Kalish, RS Wood, JA Golde, W Bernard, R Davis, LE Grimson, RC Coyle, PK Luft, BJ TI Human T lymphocyte response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection: No correlation between human leukocyte function antigen type 1 peptide response and clinical status SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PROTEIN-A; RESISTANT LYME ARTHRITIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CELL PROLIFERATION; SENSU-STRICTO; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; REACTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; OSPA AB We tested the hypothesis that cross-reactivity between the outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borellia burgdorferi and human leukocyte function antigen (LFA) type 1 mediates chronic autoimmune sequelae of Lyme disease. T cell response was studied in subjects with Lyme disease presenting with erythema migrans alone (n = 36), erythema migrans with neurological disease (n = 12), and chronic Lyme disease syndrome (n = 20), as well as healthy control subjects from Lyme-endemic (n = 50) and -nonendemic (n = 18) regions. Antigens included recombinant OspA and OspC (all strain B31) and human LFA-1 peptide (IYVIEGTSKQDLTSF). Proliferation to OspA was detected in 11 (28%) of 39 of subjects presenting with erythema migrans, which increased to 50% at 4 weeks of follow-up. Reactivity to OspA and LFA-1 was significantly correlated (P < .001) and was observed in 18 (78%) of 23 of OspA-responsive subjects. However, there was no correlation between T cell response to human LFA-1 peptide and clinical status. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T16, Dept Dermatol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. New Mexico Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Serv Neurol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kalish, RS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T16, Dept Dermatol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004 FU NINDS NIH HHS [1P01NS3409201] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1086/346059 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 625GZ UT WOS:000179809900014 PM 12508152 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF Runnion, C AF Campbell, J. F. Runnion, C. TI Patch exploitation by female red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stored-products; behavior; clutch size; oviposition AB The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has had a long association with human stored food and can be a major pest in anthropogenic structures used for the processing and storage of grain-based products. Anthropogenic structures are fragmented landscapes characterized by spatially and temporally patchy resources. Here we investigate the ability of female T. castaneum to evaluate the quality of small patches of food and to adjust the number of eggs they lay per patch (i.e., clutch size) to maximize fitness gains. In multiple choice, paired choice and no choice experiments females tended to lay more eggs in larger amounts of flour. The number of eggs that they lay in a patch of flour was consistent with that predicted to optimize production of adults from that patch (i.e., the 'Lack' clutch size). Progeny size was only significantly impacted in the smallest patch sizes. C1 [Campbell, J. F.; Runnion, C.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM campbell@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 20 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.20 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100020 PM 15841236 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL AF Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. TI Two sex-chromosome-linked microsatellite loci show geographic variance among North American Ostrinia nubilalis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia; Pyraloidea; microsatellite; sex-linked genetic markers AB PCR-based O. nubilalis population and pedigree analysis indicated female specificity of a (GAAAAT)(n) microsatellite, and male specificity of a CAYCARCGTCACTAA repeat unit marker. These loci were respectively named Ostrinia nubilalis W-chromosome 1 (ONW1) and O. nubilalis Z-chromosome 1 (ONZ1). Intact repeats of three, four, or five GAAAAT units are present among ONW1 alleles, and biallelic variation exists at the ONZ1 locus. Screening of 493 male at ONZ1 and 448 heterogametic females at ONZ1 and ONW1 loci from eleven North American sample sites was used to construct genotypic data. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and F-statistics indicated no female haplotype or male ONZ1 allele frequency differentiation between voltinism ecotypes. Four subpopulations from northern latitudes, Minnesota and South Dakota, showed the absence of a single female haplotype, a significant deviation of ONZ1 data from Hardy-Weinberg expectation, and low-level geographic divergence from other subpopulations. Low ONZ1 and ONW1 allele diversity could be attributed either to large repeat unit sizes, low repeat number, reduced effective population (Ne) size of sex chromosomes, or the result of recent O. nubilalis introduction and population expansion, but likely could not be due to inbreeding. These sequences have been deposited in GenBank AF442958, and AY102618 to AY102620. C1 [Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Coates, Brad S.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM coates@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 29 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.29 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100029 PM 15841245 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Blackburn, MB AF Hu, Jing S. Gelman, Dale B. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Age-specific interaction between the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa and its host, the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Strain B) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endoparasitoid; parasitoid development; host-parasite interactions; nymphal-adult molt AB The effect of hostage, the instar of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) parasitized, on the growth and development of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) was studied. E. formosa was able to parasitize and complete its life cycle no matter which instar of B. tabaci (Strain B), [also identified as B. argentifolii (Bellows and Perring)], was provided for oviposition, but parasitoid development was significantly slower when 1st or 2nd instar B. tabaci rather than 3rd or 4th instars were parasitized. Host age influenced the day on which E. formosa nymphs hatching from eggs was first observed. Mean embryonic development was significantly longer when 1st (5.4 days) rather than 2nd, 3rd or 4th instars (4.1, 3.4 and 3.5 days, respectively) were parasitized. The duration of the 1st instar parasitoid and the pupa, but not the 2nd or 3rd instar parasitoid, were also significantly greater when 1st instars were parasitized than when older host instars were parasitized. Interestingly, no matter which instar was parasitized, the parasitoid did not molt to the 3rd instar until the 4th instar host had reached a depth of about 0.23 mm (Stage 4-5) and had initiated the nymphal-adult molt and adult development. Histological studies revealed that whitefly eye and wing structures had either disintegrated or were adult in nature whenever a 3rd instar parasitoid was present. It appears, then, that the molt of the parasitoid to its last instar is associated with the host whitefly's nymphal-adult molt. However, the initiation of the host's final molt, while a prerequisite for the parasitoid's 2nd-3rd instar molt, did not necessarily trigger this molt. In contrast to its significant effect on various aspects of parasitoid development, host instar did not significantly influence the mean size of the parasitoid larva, pupa, or adult. Larval and pupal length and adult head width were similar for all parasitoids, regardless of which host instar was parasitized as was adult longevity. Adult parasitoid emergence was more synchronous when 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were parasitized than when 1st instars were parasitized. Results are compared with those reported when the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, was parasitized by E. formosa, and provide possible explanations for why T. vaporariorum is a more suitable host than B. tabaci for E. formosa. C1 [Hu, Jing S.; Gelman, Dale B.; Blackburn, Michael B.] ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 28 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.28 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100028 PM 15841244 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB Lapointe, SL AF Hunter, W. B. Lapointe, S. L. TI Iridovirus infection of cell cultures from the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Insect; Lethal-Male Delivery System; Pathogen; Suppression; Virus; Weevil AB We here report the development and viral infection of a Diaprepes root weevil cell culture. Embryonic tissues of the root weevil were used to establish cell cultures for use in screening viral pathogens as potential biological control agents. Tissues were seeded into a prepared solution of insect medium and kept at a temperature of 24 degrees C. The cell culture had primarily fibroblast-like morphology with some epithelial monolayers. Root weevil cells were successfully infected in vitro with a known insect virus, Invertebrate Iridescent Virus 6. Potential uses of insect cell cultures and insect viruses are discussed. C1 [Hunter, W. B.; Lapointe, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov; Slapointe@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 37 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.37 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100037 PM 15841252 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB Dang, PM Bausher, MG Chaparro, JX McKendree, W Shatters, RG McKenzie, CL Sinisterra, XH AF Hunter, W. B. Dang, P. M. Bausher, M. G. Chaparro, J. X. McKendree, W. Shatters, R. G., Jr. McKenzie, C. L. Sinisterra, X. H. TI Aphid biology: Expressed genes from alate Toxoptera citricida, the brown citrus aphid SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; cDNA; EST; Gene expression; Hemiptera; Development; Toxoptera AB The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is considered the primary vector of citrus tristeza virus, a severe pathogen which causes losses to citrus industries worldwide. The alate (winged) form of this aphid can readily fly long distances with the wind, thus spreading citrus tristeza virus in citrus growing regions. To better understand the biology of the brown citrus aphid and the emergence of genes expressed during wing development, we undertook a large-scale 5' end sequencing project of cDNA clones from alate aphids. Similar large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing projects from other insects have provided a vehicle for answering biological questions relating to development and physiology. Although there is a growing database in GenBank of ESTs from insects, most are from Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae, with relatively few specifically derived from aphids. However, important morphogenetic processes are exclusively associated with piercing-sucking insect development and sap feeding insect metabolism. In this paper, we describe the first public data set of ESTs from the brown citrus aphid, T. citricida. The cDNA library was derived from alate adults due to their significance in spreading viruses (e.g., citrus tristeza virus). Over 5180 cDNA clones were sequenced, resulting in 4263 high-quality ESTs. Contig alignment of these ESTs resulted in 2124 total assembled sequences, including both contiguous sequences and singlets. Approximately 33% of the ESTs currently have no significant match in either the non-redundant protein or nucleic acid databases. Sequences returning matches with an E-value of <= -10 using BLASTX, BLASTN, or TBLASTX were annotated based on their putative molecular function and biological process using the Gene Ontology classification system. These data will aid research efforts in the identification of important genes within insects, specifically aphids and other sap feeding insects within the Order Hemiptera. The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to Genbank's dbEST under the following accession numbers.: CB814527-CB814982, CB832665-CB833296, CB854878-CB855147, CB909714-CB910020, CB936196-CB936346, CD449954-CD450759. C1 [Hunter, W. B.; Dang, P. M.; Bausher, M. G.; Chaparro, J. X.; McKendree, W.; Shatters, R. G., Jr.; McKenzie, C. L.; Sinisterra, X. H.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM whunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 23 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.23 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100023 PM 15841239 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB Lapointe, SL Sinisterra, XH Achor, DS Funk, CJ AF Hunter, W. B. Lapointe, S. L. Sinisterra, X. H. Achor, D. S. Funk, C. J. TI Iridovirus in the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beetle; biological insecticide; Chilo iridescent virus; Citrus; entomopathogen; IIV6; ingestion; injection; insect virus; transovarial; sexually transmitted; mating; weevil AB Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6) was evaluated for mode of transmission and ability to cause infection in the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.). This is the first evidence of IIV6 infection in D. abbreviatus, which caused both patent and sub-lethal covert infections in both larvae and adults. Adults and larvae were successfully infected with IIV6 by puncture, injection and per os. Transmission of IIV6 was demonstrated between infected and healthy individuals regardless of gender. Virus was detected in egg masses produced by virus-infected females suggesting IIV6 is transmitted transovarially. Virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm of weevil cells, and were shown to infect fat bodies, muscle, and nerve tissues, as visualized using transmission electron microscopy. Patent infections resulted in death of individuals within 3 to 4 days post infection. Individuals with covert infections tested positive for virus infection on day 7 by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Sequencing of PCR amplicons confirmed virus infection. Discovery of new pathogens against root weevils may provide new management tools for development of control strategies based on induced epizootics. This is the first report of a virus infecting D. abbreviatus. C1 [Hunter, W. B.; Lapointe, S. L.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Sinisterra, X. H.] Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Achor, D. S.; Funk, C. J.] ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 South Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM WHunter@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 9 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.9 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100009 PM 15841225 ER PT J AU Payton, ME Greenstone, MH Schenker, N AF Payton, Mark E. Greenstone, Matthew H. Schenker, Nathaniel TI Overlapping confidence intervals or standard error intervals: What do they mean in terms of statistical significance? SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Confidence intervals; detectability half-life; effective dose; LD50; lethal dose; predator gut analysis; probit analysis; standard error intervals AB We investigate the procedure of checking for overlap between confidence intervals or standard error intervals to draw conclusions regarding hypotheses about differences between population parameters. Mathematical expressions and algebraic manipulations are given, and computer simulations are performed to assess the usefulness of confidence and standard error intervals in this manner. We make recommendations for their use in situations in which standard tests of hypotheses do not exist. An example is given that tests this methodology for comparing effective dose levels in independent probit regressions, an application that is also pertinent to derivations of LC(50)s for insect pathogens and of detectability half-lives for prey proteins or DNA sequences in predator gut analysis. C1 [Payton, Mark E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, 301 MSCS Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Greenstone, Matthew H.] ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schenker, Nathaniel] Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res & Methodol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Payton, ME (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, 301 MSCS Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mpayton@okstate.edu NR 22 TC 249 Z9 251 U1 5 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 34 DI 10.1093/jis/3.1.34 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V43VY UT WOS:000209710100034 PM 15841249 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Barnes, EM Clarke, TR Choi, CY Waller, PM AF Colaizzi, PD Barnes, EM Clarke, TR Choi, CY Waller, PM TI Estimating soil moisture under low frequency surface irrigation using crop water stress index SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; surface irrigation ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; COTTON; PLANT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB The present study investigated the relationship between the crop water stress index (CWSI) and soil moisture for surface irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Delta Pine 90b) at Maricopa, Arizona during the 1998 season. The CWSI was linked to soil moisture through the water stress coefficient K-s that accounts for reduced crop evapotranspiration when there is a shortage of soil water. A stress recovery coefficient K-rec was introduced to account for reduced crop evapotranspiration as the crop recovered from water stress after irrigation events. A soil water stress index (SWSI) was derived in terms of K-s and K-rec. The SWSI compared reasonably well to the CWSI, but atmospheric stability correction for the CWSI did not improve comparisons. When the CWSI was substituted into the SWSI formulation, it gave good prediction of soil moisture depletion (fDEP; when to irrigate) and depth of root zone depletion (D-r; how much to irrigate). Disagreement was greatest for fDEP<0.6 because cotton is less sensitive to water stress in this range. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. OI Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:1(27) PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 636UY UT WOS:000180476700004 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD Barnes, EM Clarke, TR Choi, CY Waller, PM Haberland, J Kostrzewski, M AF Colaizzi, PD Barnes, EM Clarke, TR Choi, CY Waller, PM Haberland, J Kostrzewski, M TI Water stress detection under high frequency sprinkler irrigation with water deficit index SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sprinkler irrigation; stress ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEX; CROP MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY AB A remote sensing package called the agricultural irrigation imaging system (AgIIS) aboard a linear move irrigation system was developed to simultaneously monitor water status, nitrogen status, and canopy density at one-meter spatial resolution. The present study investigated the relationship between water status detected by AgIIS and soil moisture for the 1999 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Delta Pine 90b) season in Maricopa, Ariz. Water status was quantified by the water deficit index (WDI), an expansion of the crop water stress index where the influence of soil temperature is accounted for through a linear mixing model of soil and vegetation temperature. The WDI was best correlated to soil moisture through the FAO 56 water stress coefficient K-s model; stability correction of aerodynamic resistance did not improve correlation. The AgIIS did provide field images of the WDI that might aid irrigation scheduling and increase water use efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. OI Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1006/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:1(36) PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 636UY UT WOS:000180476700005 ER PT J AU More, TA Averill, JR AF More, TA Averill, JR TI The structure of recreation behavior SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE recreation behavior explanation; function; mechanism; capacity; benefits; constraints ID LEISURE CONSTRAINTS; 5-FACTOR MODEL; SATISFACTION; EXPERIENCE; IDENTITY; SPECIALIZATION; CONGRUENCE; PARKS AB We present a meta-theoretical analysis of recreation concepts as an argument about organizing and explaining recreation behavior. Recreation activities are behavioral constructions that people build from both prototypic subsystems (those present in virtually all instances of the activity) and design subsystems (optional subsystems that adapt the activity to serve multiple goals). To explain the organizational structure of the behavior, we advocate a systems analysis that focuses on functions, mechanisms, and capacities, examined from biological, psychological and social perspectives. The resulting nine-cell matrix enables us to categorize common concepts in recreation research such as benefits, flow, and constraints in a way that is consistent with Aristotle's fourfold model of causation. A comprehensive explanation of an activity requires information about each of the matrix's cells, so that most of the commonly used concepts in recreation and leisure research provide complimentary rather than competing explanations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP More, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM tmore@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSOC PI ASHBURN PA 22377 BELMONT RIDGE RD, ASHBURN, VA 20148-4501 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 372 EP 395 PG 24 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 803XP UT WOS:000220264100002 ER PT J AU Merris, M Wadsworth, WG Khamrai, U Bittman, R Chitwood, DJ Lenard, J AF Merris, M Wadsworth, WG Khamrai, U Bittman, R Chitwood, DJ Lenard, J TI Sterol effects and sites of sterol accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans: developmental requirement for 4 alpha-methyl sterols SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; filipin; amphid socket cell; phasmid socket cell; excretory gland cell ID CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLS; METABOLISM; PROTEIN AB Caenorhabditis elegans requires sterol, usually supplied as cholesterol, but this is enzymatically modified, and different sterols can substitute. Sterol deprivation decreased brood size and adult growth in the first generation, and completely, reversibly, arrested growth as larvae in the second. After one generation of sterol deprivation, 10 ng/ml cholesterol allowed delayed laying of a few eggs, but full growth required 300 ng/ml. C. elegans synthesizes two unusual 4alpha-methyl sterols (4MSs), but each 4MS supported only limited growth as the sole sterol. However, addition of only 10 ng of cholesterol to 1,000 ng of 4MS restored full growth and egg-laying, suggesting that both a 4MS and an unmethylated sterol are required for development. Filipin stained sterols in only a few specific cells: the excretory gland cell, two amphid socket cells, two phasmid socket cells and, in males, spicule socket cells. Sterols were also present in the pharynx and in the intestine of feeding animals in a proximal-to-distal gradient. This non-random sterol distribution, the low concentration requirements, and the effects of 4MSs argues that sterols are unlikely to be used for bulk structural modification of cell membranes, but may be required as hormone precursors and/or developmental effectors. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lenard, J (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Wadsworth, William/N-7866-2014 OI Wadsworth, William/0000-0003-3824-2948 NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1194/jlr.M200323-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 636VT UT WOS:000180478500020 PM 12518036 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Turner, C Liao, LP McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT Turner, C Liao, LP McKeon, TA TI Identification and quantification of the molecular species of acylglycerols in castor oil by HPLC using ELSD SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE identification; quantification; molecular species; triacylglycerol; caster oil; HPLC; ELSD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Sixteen molecular species of acylglycerols (AG) in castor oil have been identified and quantified. Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) responses of different amounts of the standards of molecular species of AG were nearly linear and similar. In general, the addition of a double bond and a hydroxyl group on the acyl chain and the shortening of the acyl chain decreased the ELSD response 4 AG slightly. The quantification of molecular species of AG was based on the percentage peak area in the HPLC chromatogram. Triricinolein (RRR) constituted about 71% of castor oil. The contents of the molecular species of diricinoleoyltriacylglycerol (RR-TAG) were, in total, about 18% and were in the order of RRO (8.8%), RRL (6.6%), RRS (1.1%), RR-lesqueroleate (0.67%), RRP (0.47%) and RRLn (0.15%). The level of R-TAG was about 0.3%. The level of TAG containing no ricinoleate was less than 0.1%. Diricinoleoylglycerol, a diacylglycerol, was also identified and quantified (0.14%) in castor oil. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1081/JLC-120018421 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 663NT UT WOS:000182012200008 ER PT J AU Gehring, AG Bailey, DG Caveng, RF Vreeland, RH AF Gehring, AG Bailey, DG Caveng, RF Vreeland, RH TI A rapid method for the estimation of bile salts in complex tanning brines by RPHPLC SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE archaebacteria; bile; brine; halophiles; reversed phase HPLC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIDES AB To preserve bovine hides until they are processed into leather, they are often cured in large raceways of saturated brine. This process prevents the growth of most microorganisms, but under some conditions these hides are still susceptible to decomposition by halophilic archaebacteria. Low amounts of porcine bile added to the brine used for curing, have exhibited control of growth of these primitive microorganisms. Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) has, been applied to monitor bile concentration in saturated brine mixtures containing contaminants associated with animal hides (bacteria, blood, dirt, fats, hair, manure, urine, etc.). With minimal sample preparation, this method can be used by either the hide curing, packing, or tanning industry to assess the need to charge brine solutions with additional porcine bile during the continuous process of hide addition and removal. Calibration curves of porcine bile added to highly contaminated raceway brine have demonstrated linearity of detection between 25-340 ppm bile. The method of standard addition was used to identify and quantify a porcine bile component, glycochenodeoxycholic acid. Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography was also used to determine the relative solubility of porcine vs. bovine bile in solutions of varying salt concentration. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. RP Gehring, AG (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1081/JLC-120020091 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 672EF UT WOS:000182507600003 ER PT J AU Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Relative retention times of molecular species of acylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines containing ricinoleate in reversed-phase HPLC SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE HPLC; relative retention times; ricinoleate; molecular species; acylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines; phosphatidylethanolamines ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; C-8 COLUMN; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; SEPARATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The relative retention times (RRT) of twenty one molecular species of diacylglycerols (DAG), forty two molecular species of triacylglycerols (TAG), thirty six molecular species of phosphatidylcholines (PC), and thirty six molecular species phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in reversed-phase HPLC are reported. They were derived from incorporation of six [C-14]-labeled fatty acids, ricinoleate (R); stearate (S), oleate (O), linoleate (L), linolenate (Ln), and palmitate (P) in castor microsomal incubations. Most of these RRT were not reported earlier because the standards were not available, including the molecular species containing R. In general, DAG eluted earlier than TAG on a C-18 HPLC used for the separation of the molecular species of acylglycerols (AG). When only one acyl chain differed in the molecular species of both DAG and TAG, the elution order was: R, Ln, L, P, O, and S. Two C-8 HPLC systems were used for separation of the molecular species of PC and PE, respectively, with a more polar eluent used to elute the less polar PE. The elution order for the molecular species of both PC and PE, when one acyl chain was different, was the same as that of AG. The pairs of positional isomers of the molecular species of AG, PC, and PE elute closely. The RRT and elution characteristics reported are useful for the preliminary identification of molecular species of AG, PC, and PE, the important lipid classes in oil biosynthesis and membrane formation. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1058 DI 10.1081/JLC-120020092 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 672EF UT WOS:000182507600004 ER PT J AU Kraszewski, AW Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, A. W. Nelson, S. O. TI MICROWAVE TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave techniques; agriculture; dielectric properties; permittivity; wave propagation AB Microwave techniques, methods and instrumentation can be utilized in agriculture to improve the efficiency of crop production, handling and processing, and improve the quality of products. Pertinent microwave theory relative to such applications is discussed, and a review of microwave research on agricultural problems is presented. A wide range of applications is treated briefly, including examples of successful applications of microwaves in agriculture, and some future prospects are discussed. C1 [Kraszewski, A. W.; Nelson, S. O.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kraszewski, AW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MECHANICSVILLE PA PO BOX 1140, MECHANICSVILLE, VA 23111 USA SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 13 EP 35 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA V40NX UT WOS:000209486400003 PM 14598724 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Dayan, FE Streibig, JC AF Rimando, AM Dayan, FE Streibig, JC TI PSII inhibitory activity of resorcinolic lipids from Sorghum bicolor SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; STRIGA-ASIATICA; GERMINATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; WEEDS AB Resorcinolic lipids were isolated from the root extracts of Sorghum bicolor and identified as 4,6-dimethoxy2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]resorcinol (4), 4-methoxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrienelresorcinol (5), and 4-hydroxy-6-ethoxy-2-[(10'Z,13'Z)-10',13',16'-heptadecatrienelresorcinoI (6). Compounds 4 and 5 inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution (IC50 0.09 and 0.20 muM, respectively). Compound 4 could not be enzymatically converted to a quinone, suggesting that the quinone moiety is not required for its photosystem II inhibitory activity. Compounds 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Sect Weed Sci, Dept Agr Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@ars.usda.gov RI Streibig, Jens Carl/G-5959-2014; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Streibig, Jens Carl/0000-0002-6204-4004; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1021/np0203842 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 639HX UT WOS:000180623400010 PM 12542343 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Park, B Buhr, RJ AF Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Park, B Buhr, RJ TI A hyperspectral imaging system for identification of faecal and ingesta contamination on poultry carcasses SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE poultry; chicken; faeces; ingesta; hyperspectral; imaging spectrometry; NIR; near infrared; spectroscopy; machine vision ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; INSPECTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB A method and system for detecting faecal and ingesta contaminants on poultry carcasses were demonstrated. A visible/near infrared monochromator, which measured reflectance and principal component analysis were first used to identify key wavelengths from faecal and uncontaminated skin samples. Measurements at 434, 517, 565 and 628 nm were identified and used for evaluation with a hyperspectral imaging system. The hyperspectral imaging system, which was a line-scan (pushbroom) imaging system, consisted of a hyperspectral camera, fibre-optic line lights, a computer and frame grabber. The hyperspectral imaging camera consisted of a high-resolution charge coupled device (CCD) camera, a prism-grating-prism spectrograph, focusing lens, associated optical hardware and a motorised controller. The imaging system operated from about 400 to 900 nm. The hyperspectral imaging system was calibrated for wavelength, distance and percent reflectance and analysis of calibrated images at the key wavelengths indicated that single-wavelength images were inadequate for detecting contaminants. However, a ratio of images at two of the key wavelengths was able to identify faecal and ingesta contaminants. Specifically, the ratio of the 565-nm image divided by the 517-nm image produced good results. The ratio image was then further processed by masking the background and either enhancing the image contrast with a non-linear histogram stretch, or applying a faecal threshold. The results indicated that, for the limited sample population, more than 96% of the contaminants were detected. Thus, the hyperspectral imaging system was able to detect contaminants and showed feasibility, but was too slow for real-time on-line processing. Therefore, a multivariate system operating at 565 and 517 nm, which should be capable of operating at real-time on-line processing speed, should be used. Further research with such a system needs to be conducted. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 269 EP 281 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 745RX UT WOS:000186702800005 ER PT J AU Via, BK Shupe, TF Groom, LH Stine, M So, CL AF Via, BK Shupe, TF Groom, LH Stine, M So, CL TI Multivariate modelling of density, strength and stiffness from near infrared spectra for mature, juvenile and pith wood of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE multivariate; principal component; multiple linear; regression; density; modulus; NIR; spectroscopy; wood; lumber ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; LIGNIN; NITROGEN AB In manufacturing, monitoring the mechanical properties of wood with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is an attractive alternative to more conventional methods. However, no attention has been given to see if models differ between juvenile and mature wood. Additionally, it would be convenient if multiple linear regression (MLR) could perform well in the place of more complicated multivariate models. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to model the strength, stiffness and density of mature and juvenile longleaf pine to NIR spectra with MLR and principal component regression (PCR). MLR performed almost as well as PCR when predicting density, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). Choosing wavelengths associated with wood chemistry and developing principal components gave better predictive models (PCR2) than when all NIR wavelengths were used (PCR1). Models developed from mature wood did not predict wood properties from juvenile wood adequately, suggesting that separate models are needed. However, for density prediction, the area under the spectral curve appeared to be insensitive to mature and juvenile wood differences. Five of the six wavelengths associated with MOE were also associated with MOR, perhaps accounting for how MOE and MOR might be related. For pith wood, MOE and MOR were poorly related to NIR spectra, while density was strongly correlated. This inability to predict mechanical properties in the pith-wood zone warrants attention for those manufacturers interested in using near infrared to stress rate lumber within a mill. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Via, BK (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 27 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 16 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 5 BP 365 EP 378 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 775GQ UT WOS:000189032700006 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Delwiche, SR AF Reeves, JB Delwiche, SR TI SAS (R) partial least squares regression for analysis of spectroscopic data SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SAS; PLS; pre-treatment; near infrared ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; DIFFERENTIATION; FORAGES AB The objective was to investigate the potential of SAS(R) partial least squares (PLS) to perform chemometric analysis of spectroscopic data. As implemented, SAS(R) (Version 8) can perform PLS regression (PLSR, Type II only), principal components and reduced rank regression. While possessing several algorithms for PLSR, various cross-validation options, the ability to mean centre and variance scale data prior to PLSR analysis or for each cross-validation and various options for determining the number of factors to use, SAS(R) does not possess any other spectral pre-treatments routinely used in spectroscopy. A program was written using SAS(R) macro language to implement 1st and 2nd gap derivatives, Savitzky-Golay derivatives and smoothing, the ability to skip or average spectral data points, to correct spectra for scatter correction by either multiplicative scatter correction or standard normal variate correction with or without detrend and, finally, to mean centre all data prior to regression analysis. In addition, an F-test method for factor selection was added. These macros can be implemented alone or in differing combinations or order, and result in a summary report containing results for hundreds or thousands of different data pre-treatments. A second program implements the macros in a fixed order. Results using a set of 67 forage samples, scanned in the near infrared, demonstrated that the same results can be achieved as with commercial chemometrics packages. In conclusion, SAS(R) PLS, while not possessing all the data pre-treatments of standard chemometric programs, can quickly and conveniently test many different data pre-treatments resulting in a single summary results rile. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 415 EP 431 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 814LQ UT WOS:000220976600002 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Barton, FE Lyon, BG Chen, YR AF Liu, YL Barton, FE Lyon, BG Chen, YR TI Variations of large spectral sets; two-dimensional correlation analysis of loadings spectra of principal component analysis SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional correlation analysis; visible/NIR spectroscopy; chicken muscles; principal component loadings; principal component analysis (PCA) ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; INFRARED CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CHICKEN MEATS; COLOR CHARACTERISTICS; TENDERNESS; STORAGE AB This work attempted to interpret the principal component loadings spectra of principal component analysis on large spectral data sets with multi-variables using two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis. Three examples of visible/near infrared (NIR) spectra of chicken muscles under different conditions were given and discussed. 2D analysis indicated that characteristic bands from loadings spectra are in good agreement with those from a small number of spectra induced by simple external perturbations. Although some advantages of 2D correlation analysis (such as sequential changes in intensity) were not available, it might still be useful for the understanding of large and complex spectral data sets with multi component variations. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20725 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM wbarton@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 457 EP 466 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 814LQ UT WOS:000220976600005 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML AF Davis, TA Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML TI Peter J. Reeds (February 22, 1945 August 13, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Biographical-Item ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN; MUSCLE C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR046308, R01 AR044474] NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 633VV UT WOS:000180305900002 PM 12514258 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Grieve, CM Poss, JA AF Suarez, DL Grieve, CM Poss, JA TI Irrigation method affects selenium accumulation in forage Brassica species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE flood irrigation; foliar uptake; kale; salinity; sprinkler irigation; turnip ID SODIUM SELENATE CONCENTRATIONS; WATER COMPOSITION; CHLORIDE; RESPONDS; SULFATE AB A greenhouse study was conducted in sand cultures to compare the effects of saline irrigation waters applied by two different methods, flooding and above-canopy sprinkling, on selenium (Se) accumulation by the forage brassicas, kale (Brassica oleracea L., cv. "Premier") and turnip (B. rapa L., cv. "Forage Star"). The composition of the irrigation water was designed to simulate saline (7 dS m(-1)) drainage effluent commonly encountered in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and being evaluated for reuse by irrigation of salt tolerant crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two irrigation methods, two plant species (kale and turnip), four Se concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L-1 Se-SeO42-), and three replications. Kale was generally a more efficient Se accumulator than turnip. Shoot Se concentrations in kale and turnip increased with increasing Se in the irrigation waters regardless of irrigation method. Selenium was readily taken up by the leaves of the sprinkled plants to give shoot-Se concentrations that were two- to three-fold higher than in plants of the same cultivar gown under flood irrigation. Both kale and turnip can accumulate Se to concentrations that would be toxic to animals if exclusively fed this material. These Se-enriched forages may be useful as an additive to Se-deficient fodders in order to meet the nutritional requirements of livestock. The potential for phytoremediation of Se contaminated soils or waters is greatly enhanced by sprinkler irrigation via the mechanism of foliar absorption of Se. This enhanced uptake is especially important in the presence of elevated sulfate concentrations, which normally reduce Se uptake by plants. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1081/PLN-120016504 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 644VM UT WOS:000180940600011 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Fernandez, CJ AF Tewolde, H Fernandez, CJ TI Fiber quality response of Pima cotton to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE mineral nutrition; micronaire; span length AB Imposing a moderate level of nutrient deficiency may be an effective management strategy to limit vegetative growth and enhance maturity of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Whether such deficiency affects fiber quality of American Pima cotton, however, is not well known. A field study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the fiber quality responses of Pima cotton to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization ranging between deficient and excess. Pima cotton cv. "S-7" was treated with nitrogen rates ranging between 0 and 269 kg ha(-1) in a factorial combination with phosphor-us rates ranging between 0 and 44 kg ha(-1). Fiber property measurements included fiber length, strength, fineness, elongation, and color properties. Increasing rate of applied nitrogen significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased fiber length, elongation, micronaire, and color characteristics and reduced fiber uniformity ratio in 1991. Increasing nitrogen rate significantly (P less than or equal to 0.10) increased fiber length, uniformity index, and yellowness in 1992, when the degree of nitrogen deficiency imposed by the lowest nitrogen rate was not as severe as the deficiency imposed by the same treatment in 1991. Phosphorus did not significantly (P less than or equal to 0.10) affect any of the important fiber properties-length, strength, or micronaire-in either cropping season. These results indicate moderate level of nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency does not affect Pima cotton fiber quality. Nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency severe enough to reduce fiber quality and affect marketing of Pima cotton is unlikely to be encountered under normal Pima cotton production practices. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Uvalde, TX USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1081/PLN-120016506 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 644VM UT WOS:000180940600013 ER PT J AU Sajwan, KS Paramasivam, S Richardson, JP Alva, AK AF Sajwan, KS Paramasivam, S Richardson, JP Alva, AK TI Preliminary assessment of soybean seedlings for beryllium accumulation SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB A hydroponic study was conducted to determine the uptake of Beryllium (Be) by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Var. Perron] seedlings and its effect on biomass and nutrient accumulation in roots and shoots. Three-weeks old soybean plants previously grown on perlite for 2 weeks and additional seven days on "Hoagland" nutrient solution without Be supply were transferred to solutions containing either 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 mg Be L-1 in the nutrient solution and grown for additional 33 days. Results of this study showed that Be accumulated in roots to a greater extent than in shoots. Increased concentration of Be added to the nutrient solution drastically altered the concentration of certain nutrients in soybean plants. Concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in shoot tissues of Be treated plants were decreased where as phosphorus (P) concentrations in shoots were increased. C1 Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol & Life Sci, Savannah, GA USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Sajwan, KS (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol & Life Sci, POB 20600, Savannah, GA USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1081/PLN-120017139 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 644VT UT WOS:000180941200006 ER PT J AU Green, CE Chaney, RL Bouwkamp, J AF Green, CE Chaney, RL Bouwkamp, J TI Interactions between cadmium uptake and phytotoxic levels of zinc in hard red spring wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cadmium; zinc; chelator-buffered nutrient solution; phytotoxic wheat; hydroponics; translocation ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT-TISSUE; WINTER-WHEAT; SOIL; AVAILABILITY; CD; FERTILIZATION; LINES; GRAIN AB Wheat grown on cadmium (Cd)-uncontaminated soils can still potentially translocate unacceptable levels of Cd to grain. The effect of zinc (Zn) and Cd levels on Cd uptake and translocation in "Grandin" hard red spring wheat (HRS-wheat) (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using a double chelator-buffered nutrient solution [EGTA-used to buffer Cd, Zn, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni); and Ferrozine (FZ) used to buffer Fe2+]. In the Zn level series of treatments, Cd2+ activity was held constant at 10(-10.7) M, and the Zn2+ activity was varied from 10(-7.6) to 10(-5.2) M. As Zn2+ activity increased, the translocation of Cd to the shoots decreased. The shoot: root Cd concentration ratio decreased from 0.20 to 0.03 as pZn(2+) went from 7.6 to 5.2, indicating that adequate to high levels of Zn are effective in reducing Cd translocation to the shoots of "Grandin" HRS-wheat. In the Cd series, the Zn activity was at 10(-6.6) M, while Cd activity was increased from 10(-10.7) to 10(-9.2) M. High levels of Cd did not significantly affect the uptake and translocation of Zn in the roots and shoots. While at pCd(2+) of 9.2, the root and shoot Cd concentrations significantly increased, there was not a significant increase in the shoot: root Cd ratio. This would indicate that even at high Cd2+ activities, Zn is effective in regulating Cd uptake and translocation in "Grandin" HRS-wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Manure By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Green, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Manure By Prod Lab, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 15 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1081/PLN-120017144 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 644VT UT WOS:000180941200011 ER PT J AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC TI Methodology for evaluation of lowland rice genotypes for nitrogen use efficiency SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE grain yield; grain yield efficiency index; nutrient use efficiency mechanisms; screening for N use efficiency ID NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; IRRIGATED RICE; AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZATION; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION; NUTRITION; CULTIVAR AB Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Based on land and water management practices, rice ecosystem is mainly divided into lowland, upland, and deep water or floating rice. However, major area and production at global level comes from lowland or flooded rice system. In rice growing regions nitrogen (N) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients for rice production. Adaptation of cultivars or genotypes with high N use efficiency is a potential strategy in optimizing N requirements of crops, lowering the cost of production and reducing the environmental pollution. The objectives of this paper are to discuss rate and timing of N application, define N-use efficiency, discuss mechanisms involved for genotypic variation in N-use efficiency and present experimental evidence of genotypic variations in N-use efficiency in lowland rice. Evaluation methodology and criteria for screening N-use efficiency are also discussed. Significant variation in N use efficiency exists in lowland rice genotypes. Nitrogen use efficiency parameters (grain yield per unit of N uptake, grain yield per unit of N applied and recovery of applied N) are useful in differentiating lowland rice genotypes into efficient and non-efficient responders to applied N. Such an evaluation could assist in identification of elite genotypes that could be used in breeding program to produce cultivars with high N use efficiency and capable of producing high yields. C1 Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr Embrapa, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr Embrapa, Caixa Postal 179, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. NR 59 TC 38 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1333 DI 10.1081/PLN-120020373 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 680TQ UT WOS:000182995000012 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Fares, A Dou, H AF Alva, AK Fares, A Dou, H TI Managing citrus trees to optimize dry mass and nutrient partitioning SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE best management practice; controlled release fertilizer; fertigation; nitrogen sources; nitrogen uptake efficiency; root distribution ID ROOT DISTRIBUTION; GRAPEFRUIT TREES; SOIL; FERTIGATION; GROWTH AB Non-bearing "Hamlin" orange trees on "Swingle citrumelo" rootstock (32 months-old) grown on a Candler fine sand (hyperthermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) were harvested to estimate dry mass, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation and partitioning into various parts of the tree. The above parameters were evaluated for trees grown under low or high fertilization rates, using either water soluble granular (WSG), controlled release formulation (CRF), or liquid fertilizer delivered through irrigation water, i.e., fertigation (FRT). Trees were irrigated using under tree sprinklers with a wetting area diameter of 3.0 m. Total dry mass per tree followed the order: CRF > FRT = WSG and FRT > CRF > WSG for the low and high fertilization rates, respectively. Effects of fertilizer source on dry mass of individual tree parts followed the above response pattern with few exceptions. Dry mass of tree parts in relation to total tree dry mass decreased in the order: trunk > branch > leaves > roots. Therefore, the woody portion of the tree represented the major proportion of tree dry mass. Total N content in trees varied from 28.4 to 50.4g and 41.4 to 82.3g with different fertilizer sources at the low and high fertilization rates, respectively. The tree total N content decreased in the order: CRF > FRT > WSG and FRT > CRF > WSG at the low and high fertilization rates, respectively. Nitrogen in the leaves represented the major proportion of tree N, regardless of N source or fertilization rate. Total K content of the tree was slightly lower than total N content. Effects of fertilization source on total K content was similar to that of total N content. Total P content in trees was considerably lower than that of either N or K content. Fertilization sources and rates had negligible effects on the P content. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Florida Dept Citrus, Lake Alfred, FL USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1541 EP 1559 DI 10.1081/PLN-120022362 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 698EF UT WOS:000183984100002 ER PT J AU Charlson, DV Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC AF Charlson, DV Cianzio, SR Shoemaker, RC TI Associating SSR markers with soybean resistance to iron deficiency chlorosis SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY JUN, 2002 CL UDINE, ITALY DE soybean breeding; Fe efficiency; calcareous soil; soybean improvement; quantitative trait loci; QTL ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) causes soybean yield loss to growers when certain varieties are planted on calcareous soils. Planting IDC-resistant varieties is the best management practice, although they may still exhibit chlorosis under certain environmental conditions. Environmental variation for chlorosis expression impedes progress in improving IDC resistance. Breeders could use molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), an environment-independent tool, to improve soybeans' resistance to IDC. Our objective was to determine the efficiency of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in selecting for IDC resistance in soybean. A breeding population was developed using parents differing in IDC resistance and yield potential. The population was advanced to the F-2 and F-2:4 generations. Foliar chlorosis data were recorded for parents and F-2:4 lines in replicated field tests planted on calcareous soils at two Iowa locations in 2000 and 2001. Chlorosis scores between parents and F-2:4 lines varied according to location and year. Genotypic data were obtained on individual F-2 plants, and association between chlorosis scores and allele segregation was tested by single-factor analysis of variance using 2001 data. Three SSR markers were associated (P < 0.1) with chlorosis scores at each location; however, the identity of the markers associated with chlorosis scores was different at each location. In addition, two SSR markers associated with IDC resistance were examined for their efficacy in improving breeding efficiency. Preliminary data presented herein demonstrate the importance of environment on expression of this soil-stress factor and the potential of using SSR markers as an environment-independent selection tool for breeding IDC resistance in soybean. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Plant Physiol Major, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cianzio, SR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 10-11 BP 2267 EP 2276 DI 10.1081/PLN-120024280 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726NC UT WOS:000185604600030 ER PT J AU Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, R Glahn, RP AF Oikeh, SO Menkir, A Maziya-Dixon, B Welch, R Glahn, RP TI Genotypic differences in concentration and bioavailability of kernel-iron in tropical maize varieties grown under field conditions SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants CY JUN, 2002 CL UDINE, ITALY DE caco-2; grain-iron and -zinc concentrations; iron bioavailability; tropical maize; West and Central Africa ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; CROPS AB Iron deficiency is estimated to affect over one-half the world population. Improving the nutritional quality of staple food crops through breeding for high bioavailable iron represents a sustainable and cost effective approach to alleviating iron malnutrition. Forty-nine late maturing tropical elite maize varieties were grown in a lattice design with two replications in three locations representing three agroecologies in West and Central Africa to identify varieties with high levels of kernel-Fe. Bioavailable iron was assessed for some varieties selected for high Fe concentration in kernel and improved agronomic traits using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Significant differences in kernel-Fe and -zinc concentration were observed among varieties (P < 0.001). Kernel-Fe levels ranged from 16.8 to 24.4 mg kg(-1), while kernel-Zn levels ranged from 16.5 to 24.6 mg kg(-1). Environment did not have a significant effect on kernel-iron and -zinc levels, but genotype by environment (G x E) interaction was highly significant. The genetic component accounted for 12% of the total variation in kernel-Fe and 29% for kernel-Zn levels. Kernel-Fe was positively correlated with kernel-Zn (R = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Significant differences in iron bioavailability were detected among selected Fe-rich varieties grown at one location. Mean bioavailable Fe ranged between 30% below to 88% above the reference control variety. The results indicate that genetic differences exist in kernel-Fe and -Zn concentrations and Fe bioavailability These differences may be useful in biofortification intervention programs, but additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of iron-rich Maize varieties in alleviating iron deficiency in humans. C1 Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Oikeh, SO (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 10-11 BP 2307 EP 2319 DI 10.1081/PLN-120024283 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 726NC UT WOS:000185604600033 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Pederson, GA Brink, GE Rowe, DE AF Sistani, KR Pederson, GA Brink, GE Rowe, DE TI Nutrient uptake by ryegrass cultivars and crabgrass from a highly phosphorus-enriched soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; PLANT; MAGNESIUM; NITROGEN; CALCIUM AB Long-term poultry litter application to crop and pasture lands may result in the buildup of nutrients, particularly phosphor-us (P) in the soil. Poultry producers use poultry litter in place of chemical fertilizers to grow crops or forages for grazing and hay production. Cool-season annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and warm-season crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) are annual forages commonly grown in the southeastern region of USA. The combination of two forages gives year-round pasture for a forage-livestock system. A study was initiated to evaluate the P uptake efficiency of five ryegrass cultivars (Marshall, Rio, Jackson, TAM 90, and Gulf) grown during the winter and spring followed by the annual crabgrass variety Red River during summer. The experiment was conducted during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons in Mize Mississippi on a highly P enriched Ruston silt loam soil. The ryegrass was grazed during winter then harvested once in early June. Cultivar Rio produced the greatest dry matter (DM) in both growing seasons. In 2001, due to optimum soil moisture conditions, cultivars Gulf and TAM 90 produced more DM than 2000, an extremely dry year. In 2001 crabgrass planted after TAM 90 produced significantly greater DM (7565 kg ha(-1)) than crabgrass following the other ryegrass cultivars. Cultivar Marshall was the most effective in removing P, from soil in 2000 (7.38 kg ha(-1)), while Rio was superior in,2001 (8.73 kg ha(-1)). In general, crabgrass was more effective in P removal than ryegrass cultivars tested. Therefore, the combination of ryegrass followed by crabgrass may provide an effective forage-livestock management system in the southeastern states. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Griffin, GA USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM karamat.sistani@wku.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2521 EP 2535 DI 10.1081/PLN-120025476 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745JJ UT WOS:000186685300014 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Pasakdee, S Finley, JW AF Banuelos, GS Pasakdee, S Finley, JW TI Growth-response and selenium and boron distribution in broccoli varieties irrigated with poor quality water SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE broccoli; selenium; boron; salinity ID VOLATILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; SOIL AB Selenium (Se), and boron (13), and salinity contamination of agricultural drainage water is potentially hazardous for water reuse strategies in central California. This greenhouse study assessed tolerance and Se, 13, and chloride (Cl-) accumulation in different varieties (Emerald City, Samurai, Greenbelt, Marathon) of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) irrigated with water of the following different qualities: (1) non-saline [electrical conductivity (EC) of < 1 dS m(-1)]; (2) Cl-/sulfate salinity of similar to5 dS m(-1), 250 mug Se L-1, and 5 mg B L-1; and (3) non-saline and 250 mug Se L-1. One hundred and ten days after transplanting, plants were harvested and dry weight (DW) yields and plant accumulation of Se, B, and Cl- was evaluated in floret, leaf, and stem. Irrespective of treatments floret yields from var. Samurai were the lowest among all varieties, while floret yields from var. Marathon was the only variety to exhibit some sensitivity to treatments. For all varieties, plant Se concentrations were greatest in the floret (up to 51 mg kg(-1) DW) irrespective of treatment, and B and Cl- concentrations were greatest in the leaves; 110 mg B kg(-1) DW and 5.4% Cl-, respectively. At post harvest, treatment 2 (with salinity, B, and Se) increased soil salinity to almost 6 dS m(-1), total Se concentrations to a high of 0.64 mg kg(-1) DW soil, and water soluble B concentrations to a high, of 2.3 mg B L-1; soluble Se concentrations were insignificant. The results indicate that var. Emerald City, Greenbelt, and Marathon should be considered as recipients,of Moderately saline effluent enriched with Se. and B under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2003 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2537 EP 2549 DI 10.1081/PLN-120025477 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 745JJ UT WOS:000186685300015 ER PT J AU Savard, M Bohman, M AF Savard, M Bohman, M TI Impacts of trade, environmental and agricultural policies in the North American hog/pork industry on water quality SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article DE trade; environment; water quality; hog; pork AB To analyze the impacts of trade and environmental policies on water quality, this research links an economic model of the North American hog sector to an environmental model, the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator. When nutrient management plans are implemented, surface water quality improves by roughly 80% in Raleigh, NC and by 6-39% in Quebec, compared with the baseline. Groundwater quality in Quebec improves by 79-88%. Under the trade liberalization scenario (elimination of countervailing duties, stabilization payments and ban on US hog exports to Canada), hog production would decrease by 3% in Quebec and by 0.02% in North Carolina leading to a decrease of nitrate leaching. In either case, surface and groundwater quality would increase. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. on behalf of Society for Policy Modeling. C1 Maharishi Univ Management, Sch Business & Publ Adm, Fairfield, IA 52557 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Market & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Savard, M (reprint author), Maharishi Univ Management, Sch Business & Publ Adm, FB 1026, Fairfield, IA 52557 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 AR PII S0161-8938(02)00197-7 DI 10.1016/S0161-8938(02)00197-7 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 654JP UT WOS:000181493100005 ER PT J AU Gallagher, S AF Gallagher, S TI Synthesis and characterization of phosphonate-containing polysiloxanes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copolymers; polysiloxanes; phosphonate; Michaelis-Arbuzov; phosphonic acid esters; alkoxysilane; monomers; NMR ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION; ACIDS AB Phosphonate-functionalized polysiloxanes have been prepared with a new siloxane/phosphonate monomer. The reaction of 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane with trimethylphosphite or triethylphosphite produces several new monomers containing pendant phosphonate groups. Copolymerization with dimethyldimethoxysilane has produced polymers soluble in most organic solvents. The acid hydrolysis of the phosphoryl esters has produced hydrophilic siloxane polymers containing phosphonic acid groups. The thermal properties of the polymers and several related small molecules have been compared with thermogravimetric analysis. Both the monomers and the resulting polymers have been characterized with H-1, C-13, P-31, and Si-29 NMR. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Gallagher, S (reprint author), USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.1002/pola.10550 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 628CL UT WOS:000179974500006 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Delfosse, ES Spencer, NR Prosser, CW Richard, RD AF Anderson, GL Delfosse, ES Spencer, NR Prosser, CW Richard, RD TI Lessons in developing successful invasive weed control programs SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biological control; Aphthona; weeds; invasive species; success; integrated pest management ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA AB The development of successful regional or national invasive weed control programs is often hampered by the way the problem is approached. Typically weed control programs are developed and evaluated solely from the perspective of the biological sciences. While this is appropriate from a local or landscape perspective, it will probably not produce the desired results when addressing widespread well-established infestations that impact large regions. The "Ecological Area-wide Management (TEAM) of Leafy Spurge" program was the first U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) area wide invasive weed program. The 5-year program, funded by the ARS and conducted cooperatively with the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, focused on the control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in North Dakota and South Dakota, Montana and Wyoming. Now in its final year (2001), the TEAM Leafy Spurge program has made significant progress in controlling leafy spurge, increasing public awareness of the problem and demonstrating the effectiveness of biologically-based integrated pest management. While this is a significant accomplishment, the lessons learned over the course of the project clearly demonstrate that the success of regional weed control programs depends on more than a persistent, marked reduction in the pest population. Effective regional weed control programs need to focus not only on biological issues, but also on the ecological, scientific, economic, social and legal factors that influence the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, the implementation and subsequent evaluation of a weed control program must include all the principal factors that will ultimately determine success and sustainability. This manuscript outlines the history of leafy spurge on the North American continent, the situation currently facing weed managers, and an evaluation of the TEAM Leafy Spurge program's success for each factor listed above. The final analysis indicates that successful biologically-based leafy spurge control is on the horizon, especially when weed managers understand the number of problem areas that must be addressed to achieve a sustained reduction of a weed population. The amount of time it will take to be realized depends on our commitment to solving the problem and our willingness to work together as a cohesive team. C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Program Leader Weed Sci, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, APHIS, Plant Protect & Quarantine, FSLMSU, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.2307/4003874 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400001 ER PT J AU Clark, PE AF Clark, PE TI Date and plant community effects on elk sedge forage quality SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carex geyeri; cattle; graminoids; nutrition; phenology; season ID DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; RANGE AB Elk sedge (Carex geyeri Boott) is one of the most important livestock and big game forages in many areas of the western U.S. It is one of the most prominent forage species in the diets of cattle and elk utilizing forested rangelands. Despite its acknowledged ecological and economical importance, very little is known about the factors influencing the forage quality of elk sedge. Effects of sampling date, plant community, and their interaction on the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein levels of elk sedge are reported for samples collected at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range and the Bridge Creek Wildlife Management Area, both in northeastern Oregon, during January, April, July, and October of 1997 and 1998. Neutral detergent fiber levels in elk sedge were lowest in mid-October ((x) over bar = 71.3%) and highest in mid-July ((x) over bar = 76.1%). Acid detergent fiber Was lowest in elk sedge collected in mid-October ((x) over bar = 37.3%) and highest in mid-July (0 = 39.0%) and mid-January ((x) over bar = 39.2%). Elk sedge from the Douglas-fir/ninebark community was lowest in. acid detergent fiber ((x) over bar = 38.1%). Crude protein was highest (0 = 8.0%) in mid-July elk sedge samples and lowest ((x) over bar = 5.7%) in mid-January samples. Elk sedge from the ponderosa pine/fescue community was lowest in crude protein ((x) over bar = 5.9%). All forage quality parameters exhibited variability between years. Although sampling date and plant community effects were detected, the forage quality. of elk sedge appeared relatively stable compared to other native forages. A more intensive spring sampling campaign is needed to characterize the relationship between elk sedge phenology and forage quality dynamics. C1 USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.2307/4003876 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400003 ER PT J AU O'Dea, ME Guertin, DP AF O'Dea, ME Guertin, DP TI Prescribed fire effects on erosion parameters in a perennial grassland SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; sediment yield; summer rainfall ID HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SEMIDESERT GRASSES; VEGETATION TYPES; INFILTRATION; CRUST AB A 2-year field experiment was undertaken to quantify the interacting effects of a late-spring prescribed burn and summer rainfall on seasonal runoff and erosion in a southern Arizona grassland. Six blocks with walled subplots (n = 24) were installed on a hillslope to measure changes to plant, soil, and hydrologic variables in response to treatments. Increased bulk density, erosion, and runoff volumes; and lowered plant cover and water intake rates were observed within the burned plots following the first summer season. In the second year, higher bulk density, runoff volumes, and erosion measures were again observed within the burned plots, as well as lower plant cover, aggregate stability, and water intake rates. The results of this study indicate that following late-spring burning, semi-desert grasslands are susceptible to greater summer runoff and erosion compared to unburned grasslands. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP O'Dea, ME (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.2307/4003877 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400004 ER PT J AU Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH AF Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH TI Changes in shrub fecundity in fourwing saltbush browsed by cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atriplex canescens; sex change; nonflowering; utricle fill; cattle browsing ID ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; SEX EXPRESSION; SEED PRODUCTION; SHORTGRASS; HERBIVORY; DEFOLIATION; LABILITY; FITNESS; PLANT AB Shrub fecundity is critical to long term persistence of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.) populations at our research site on the shortgrass steppe in Colorado. We conducted a 2-year experiment to test hypotheses concerning the impact of cattle-browsing on fecundity-related variables in fourwing saltbush. Protection from cattle browsing was significantly associated with floral phenotype shifts toward femaleness, occurring mostly in monecious shrubs (1% and 13% of grazed and protected shrubs, respectively). Sex shifts observed at the individual shrub level did not translate into detectable alterations of sex ratios at the pasture level. Shrubs exhibiting no flowers were considerably more abundant in browsed pastures (26.5%) than in exclosures (1.5%). Nonflowering occurred as frequently in female (3.6%) as it did in male (1.8%) phenotypes. Percent utricle fill was not related to previous year's cattle browsing regime (39% and 44% in protected and grazed shrubs, respectively) but rather to crown volume of the fruiting female and to the gender of and distance to the nearest neighboring shrub. The influence of cattle-browsing on reproductive output of fourwing saltbush occurred mainly through its inhibition of flowering. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Colorado State Univ, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.2307/4003879 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400006 ER PT J AU Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH AF Cibils, AF Swift, DM Hart, RH TI Female-biased herbivory in fourwing saltbush browsed by cattle SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Atriplex canescens; cattle-browsing; dioecious shrubs; gender-biased herbivory ID ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; SEX EXPRESSION; SHORTGRASS; DEFENSE; ENVIRONMENT; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB Female fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens Pursh [Nutt.]) shrubs are more abundant in exclosures than in adjacent grazed pastures at our research site on the shortgrass steppe in Colorado. We hypothesized that female shrubs at this site were being browsed more heavily by cattle than were male shrubs. We conducted a series of 2-year experiments (1997 and 1998) with cattle to measure levels of cattle utilization of male and female shrubs. Overall, utilization of marked leaders was 43.5% in January, 19.7% in April, and 33.4% in September. Percent utilization of marked leaders was consistently and significantly higher on female shrubs both in January (females: 46.5%, males: 40.2%), and September (females: 36.9%, males: 29.9%). In April, differences in utilization of shrub sexes were not significant (females: 20.3%, males: 19.2%). The female-bias in cattle herbivory increased significantly with increasing overall utilization of shrubs. Gender-biased herbivory may have promoted higher mortality among female shrubs, leading to the sex ratio alteration previously observed at this site. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Colorado State Univ, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.2307/4003880 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400007 ER PT J AU Ott, JE Mcarthur, ED Roundy, BA AF Ott, JE Mcarthur, ED Roundy, BA TI Vegetation of chained and non-chained seedings after wildfire in Utah SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; rehabilitation; chaining; aerial seeding; plant materials; cheatgrass ID BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; SEMIARID RANGELANDS; SAGEBRUSH; GRASS; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; CHEATGRASS; EMERGENCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB After wildfires in 1996 in the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.) zones of west-central Utah, the USDI-BLM attempted to reduce soil erosion and cheatgrass proliferation (Bromus tectorum L.) through rehabilitation treatments. We compared the vegetation of aerially seeded, chained treatments with aerially seeded but non-chained treatments for 3 years following seeding. Vegetation cover increased significantly in both treatments between the first and second year, concurrent with above-average precipitation. By the second year, seeded grasses, primarily crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.] and intermediate wheatgrass [Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meld. and Elymus elongatus (Host) Runem.], dominated the chained treatment while cheatgrass dominated the non-chained treatment. Seeded grass establishment in non-chained areas was highest beneath dead trees on steep northeast-facing slopes. The first year following the fires, frequency of most annual species and some native perennial species was higher in the non-chained than chained treatment. Native species richness and diversity declined in both treatments between the first and third year following the fires due to the loss of early-seral native annuals and probably because of climatic factors and competition from seeded grasses and cheatgrass. This study reaffirmed the utility of aerial seeding followed by chaining as a rehabilitation technique for rapid establishment of standard plant materials and suppression of cheatgrass, although the implications for soil protection were less clear. Maintenance of native biodiversity on public lands will require greater development and use of native plant materials for wildfire rehabilitation. Planning for future rehabilitation needs is important in light of continuing wildfire risks. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Ott, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 63 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.2307/4003886 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400013 ER PT J AU Indorante, SJ McLeese, RL AF Indorante, SJ McLeese, RL TI SoilView keeping constituency connected SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, NRCS, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USDA, NRCS, Champaign, IL USA. RP Indorante, SJ (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 6A EP 6A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 648KQ UT WOS:000181150900002 ER PT J AU Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Herrick, JE Shaver, PL Pyke, DA Pellant, M Thompson, D Dayton, B AF Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Herrick, JE Shaver, PL Pyke, DA Pellant, M Thompson, D Dayton, B TI New proposed national resources inventory protocols on nonfederal rangelands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, NRCS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDI, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. USDI, BLM, Boise, ID USA. USDA, NRCS, Ecol Conservat Sci Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Resources Inventory Div, Ames, IA USA. RP Spaeth, KE (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 18A EP 21A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 648KQ UT WOS:000181150900006 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, MO Gollehon, NR Agapoff, J AF Ribaudo, MO Gollehon, NR Agapoff, J TI Land application of manure by animal feeding operations: Is more land needed? SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE animal feeding operation; assimilative capacity; manure; nitrogen; nutrient management plan; nutrients; phosphorus; phytase AB Animal manure has become a major focal point of conservation efforts. A shift in the industry over the past decade towards fewer, larger operations has resulted in concerns over the utilization and disposal of animal manure. Land application of manure, a preferred disposal method, may be difficult and costly to implement on larger operations if restrictions on land disposal increase the amount of land required for spreading. The hog sector provides an example of how restrictions on manure application rates can affect the need for land. Using data from the 1998 Hog Agricultural Resource Management Survey we found that most confined hog operations would need to increase the land receiving manure to meet the needs of a nitrogen-based (N-based) or phosphorus-based (P-based) nutrient management plan. Both are possible under proposed Clean Water Act regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and program goals for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Smaller operations tended to have adequate land on the operation to meet the needs of a N-based plan in most regions. Larger operations generally had inadequate land for N-based plans. All large operations would need to find substantial amounts of additional land to meet the needs of a P-based plan. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ribaudo, MO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 648KQ UT WOS:000181150900011 ER PT J AU Wu, J Mersie, W Atalay, A Seybold, CA AF Wu, J Mersie, W Atalay, A Seybold, CA TI Copper retention from runoff by switchgrass and tall fescue filter strips SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE copper; runoff; switchgrass; tall fescue; vegetative filter strips ID POULTRY LITTER; TILTED BEDS; SEDIMENT; SOIL; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; NUTRIENT; REMOVAL; DESORPTION; MANURE AB Vegetative filter strips are recommended to reduce the load of agricultural chemicals in surface runoff. Quantitative data however, is still needed on the performance of various grass species in filter strips and their effectiveness under different runoff flow rates. A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) filter strips in removing dissolved copper pesticide from runoff flowing at 2.7 L (0.7 gallon min(-1)) or 6 L (1.6 gallon min(-1)) over 0.9 m (3 ft) soil surface area. Runoff was simulated by applying 82-L (22 gallon) solutions containing 6.9 mg L-1 (6.9 ppm) Copper (Cu) on aluminum tilted-beds set at 3% slope, filled with Bojac soil, and planted to switchgrass or tall fescue. The total infiltrated (leached plus retained) expressed as percent of applied was 21% for soil beds having no grass, 33% for switchgrass beds, and 28% for tall fescue beds at 6.0 L min(-1) (1.6 gallon min(-1)) flow rate. At the slow flow rate (2.7 L min(-1), 0.7 gallon min(-1)), 77%, 97% and 100% of the applied runon infiltrated in no grass, switchgrass and tall fescue beds, respectively. About 60% of the applied Cu was removed by both grasses from runoff at 6.0 L min(-1) (1.6 gallon min(-1)) flow rate whereas at the slow flow rate, grasses helped remove all the applied Cu. Average concentration of Cu in surface runoff from all beds was 3.3 mg L-1 (3.3 ppm) whereas for leachate samples it was 0.2 mg L-1 (0.2 ppm). Adsorption to soil appeared to be the primary mechanism of removal of Cu from overland flow and leachate. When runoff moved at 2.7 L min(-1) (0.7 gallon min(-1)) in the tall fescue filter strips, greater amounts of Cu were retained in the up-slope one third of the filter strips. This indicates that a relatively small tall fescue filter strip would be adequate to remove Cu in areas where runoff is expected to move at slow flow rate. The grass filter strips reduced dissolved Cu in runoff by increasing its infiltration and its retention by soil. C1 Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Virginia State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 648KQ UT WOS:000181150900016 ER PT J AU Beeman, RW AF Beeman, RW TI Distribution of the Medea factor M-4 in populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in the United States SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; selfish gene; Medea; biotype; population genetics ID EFFECT SELFISH GENES; COLEOPTERA; DNA; STRAINS; BEETLE AB The distribution of the maternally acting, selfish gene Medea(4) (M-4) was determined in populations of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), collected in the southern and midwestern United States. We found clear evidence for the existence of two major regional subpopulations, with a boundary that roughly corresponds to 33degreesN latitude. All 26 strains collected in 10 states north of this latitude were homozygous for the M-4 allele, while only two of 29 strains collected in six states south of this latitude were homozygous for the allele. Of the remaining 27 southern strains, 21 lacked the M-4 allele entirely, while six contained a mixture of M-4 and non-M-4 alleles. This is the first evidence of either the existence of biotypes or the presence of major barriers to gene flow in wild populations of this ubiquitous insect species. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 AR PII S0022-474X(02)00016-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00016-4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 606MJ UT WOS:000178737500005 ER PT J AU Morgan, TD Baker, P Kramer, KJ Basibuyuk, HH Quicke, DLJ AF Morgan, TD Baker, P Kramer, KJ Basibuyuk, HH Quicke, DLJ TI Metals in mandibles of stored product insects: do zinc and manganese enhance the ability of larvae to infest seeds? SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mandible; cuticle; zinc; manganese; metal; stored product; grain; seed; insect; beetle; moth ID CASTANEUM HERBST COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; BRUCHIDAE; ADULT AB Although high concentrations of zinc and manganese were found in mandibles of insect larvae that bore into seeds, these metals were not detected in mandibles of insect larvae that attack previously damaged seeds. Metals were present in the larval mandibles of a lepidopteran, the Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella), and eight coleopterans, the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum), spider beetle (Gibbium aequinoctiale), warehouse beetle (Trogoderma variabile), cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus), larger black flour beetle (Cynaeus angustus), and cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus). Larvae of these species can chew into seeds. Larvae of six other coleopterans, the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci), sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), longheaded flour beetle (Latheticus oryzae), and granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) have little if any ability to chew into seeds, and did not have metal in their mandibles. Larvae of the granary weevil hatch and feed within seeds that were penetrated previously during egg deposition by adults. However, newly hatched larvae of the cowpea weevil and the Angoumois grain moth have to bore through the seed coat before they begin feeding, and they have mandibles with high concentrations of zinc. These data support the hypothesis that deposition of zinc and/or manganese in larval mandibles enhances the larva's ability to penetrate seeds. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. Cumhuriyet Univ, Dept Biol, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey. RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Quicke, Donald/I-5948-2012; Basibuyuk, Hasan/M-6810-2015; OI Basibuyuk, Hasan/0000-0001-6504-6139; Quicke, Donald/0000-0003-4471-6775 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 AR PII S0022-474X(02)00019-X DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00019-X PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 606MJ UT WOS:000178737500007 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Dowell, FE Baker, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Throne, JE Dowell, FE Baker, JE TI Detection of insect fragments in wheat flour by near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insect fragments; flour; action level; detection; near-infrared spectroscopy; flotation method ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GRANARY-WEEVIL; KERNELS; CONTAMINATION; CURCULIONIDAE; INFESTATION; COLEOPTERA; GRAIN AB Insect fragments in commercial wheat flour are a major concern to the milling industry because consumers expect high quality and wholesome products at the retail level. Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a defect action level of 75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour. Millers routinely test their wheat flour to comply with this federal requirement and to deliver sound flour to their consumers. The current standard flotation method for detecting fragments in flour is expensive and labor intensive. Therefore, we examined the possible use of a rapid, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for detecting insect fragments in wheat flour. We also compared the sensitivity and accuracy of the NIRS method with that of the current standard flotation method. Fragment counts with both techniques were significantly correlated with the actual number of fragments present in flour samples. However, the flotation method was more sensitive than the NIRS method with fragment counts below the FDA defect action level. We were unable to predict whether the number of fragments in a sample exceeded the FDA action level with our NIRS instrumentation. However, we were able to predict accurately whether flour samples contained less than or more than 130 fragments. Although current NIRS instruments are unable to detect insect fragments at the FDA action level, this method should be re-examined in the future because NIRS technology is rapidly improving. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 AR PII S0022-474X(02)00021-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00021-8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647AJ UT WOS:000181068800005 ER PT J AU Zettler, JL AF Zettler, JL TI An Appreciation of Dr. Edward G. Jay Jr. (1932-2002) - Regional Editor of Journal of Stored Products Research for the Americas (1980-1994) - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Zettler, JL (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 1017 Main Campus Dr,Suite 2500, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(03)00011-0 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 696DU UT WOS:000183871600001 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Takahashi, K Hoernemann, CK Soto, N AF Arthur, FH Takahashi, K Hoernemann, CK Soto, N TI Potential for autumn aeration of stored rough rice and the potential number of generations of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in milled rice in Japan SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus zeamais; rice; storage; temperature; aeration; modeling ID ORYZAE L COLEOPTERA; PADDY RICE; WHEAT; CURCULIONIDAE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; MAIZE; PROTECTANTS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Historical weather data from 84 sites in Japan were used to estimate the number of hours less than or equal to15degreesC from 1 September to 31 October, based on the individual years from 1994 to 1999, to evaluate the potential for using aeration at a threshold level of 15degreesC to cool rough rice stored during autumn. The number of hours, less than or equal to15degreesC in September and October ranged from 68+/-21 in Kyushu to 1067+/-27 h in northern Hokkaido. At an airflow rate of 0.0013m(3)/s/m(3), the time required to cool a storage silo containing rough rice to 15degreesC ranged from 85 days in southern Japan to 5 days in northern Japan. Weather data for the same sites were also used to estimate the number of hours below 15degreesC from 1 May to 30 September, to evaluate the potential of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the maize weevil, to infest bagged milled rice at ambient or uncontrolled temperatures. The number of hours less than or equal to15degreesC from 1 May to 30 September ranged from 33+/-15 h in Kyushu to 2392+/-130 h on the northeastern coast of Hokkaido. As temperature decreased, there was a predicted increase in the number of days required to complete a generation, and as relative humidity increased, a predicted increase in the number of generations that could be produced. These simulation studies show how historical weather data can be used to develop risk management models for storage of bulk rough rice and bagged milled rice in Japan. Aeration during autumn could be used to cool large-bulk storage silos containing rough rice, while the simulations for development of Sitophilus zeamais populations on bagged milled rice emphasize the importance of insect management strategies for value-added products. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 471 EP 487 AR PII S0022-474X(02)00038-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00038-3 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 696DU UT WOS:000183871600004 ER PT J AU Toews, MD Phillips, TW Shuman, D AF Toews, MD Phillips, TW Shuman, D TI Electronic and manual monitoring of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera : Laemophloeidae) in stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE probe trap; rusty grain beetle; temperature; seasonal trend; diel rhythm ID PROBE INSECT COUNTER; RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE; ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; TRAPS; CUCUJIDAE; POPULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; INFESTATION; PITFALL AB Trapping studies were conducted with field populations of Cryptolestes ferrugineus in small steel bins filled with stored wheat. Traps tested in a comparison experiment included two types of commercially available probe-pitfall trap and the trapping body of the electronic grain probe insect counter (EGPIC) system. Quantities of insects captured were compared among the three traps. Insect captures in PC pitfall traps, whether at the grain surface or 17 cm below the surface, exceeded those found in WB II probe and EGPIC probe bodies. The number of adult C ferrugineus captured was similar between the EGPIC probe bodies and WB II probe traps. With probes positioned near the grain surface, insect counts generated by the EGPIC system were analyzed for changes in rate of capture after inserting the probe, changes within a single 24-h period, and variation with temperature. EGPIC counts-varied from 0.5 counts per hour to 5.9 counts per hour throughout the study. Cryptolestes ferrugineus counts increased with increasing daily mean air temperature and decreased when air temperature decreased. There was a consistent increase in the rate of counts during the early evening hours. Increased activity of C. ferrugineus in the early evening hours may have been due to insect response to higher air temperatures near the grain surface late in the day, although grain temperature near the trap varied little throughout the day. Alternatively, diel periodicity in C ferrugineus may be due to an independent circadian rhythm as evidenced in other grain insects. Variation in counts among days after the probe was inserted was not consistent. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Toews, MD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 541 EP 554 AR PII S0022-474X(02)00059-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00059-0 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 696DU UT WOS:000183871600008 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Magleby, R AF Huang, WY Magleby, R TI The economic impacts of restricting agricultural uses of manure on hog farms in Southern Seaboard SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hog manure; land application restrictions; net return AB EPA in December, 2000 proposed rules that would bring more livestock operations Under regulation and restrict manure application more closely to crop nutrient needs. This paper, using individual whole-farm modeling applied to Survey data, assessed the impacts of the proposed regulation on hog farms in the Southern Seaboard region. ReSults showed impacts would be particularly severe on large-size farms (over 2,500 pigs) applying manure to Bermuda hay. Feeding hogs a phytase diet that reduces phosphorous in manure reduced the income loss for farms with limited acres for applying manure. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 31 EP 57 DI 10.1300/J064v23n01_04 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 755DW UT WOS:000187389300003 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Heckman, JR AF Singer, JW Heckman, JR TI Soybean response to plant density and residual soil management SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soybean; manure; organic carbon; yield ID SWINE MANURE APPLICATION; DRY-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN AB Proximity determines the feasibility of using animal manures in cash crop farming systems. However, sustainable farming practices balance nutrient inputs and outputs to minimize the buildup of potentially deleterious levels of soil nutrients. The objectives of our research were to determine the residual effect of dairy (Bos taurus) manure application to corn (Zea mays L.) on subsequent continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and seed yield at different plant densities under previous soil management regimes. The 3-year study was conducted on a Quakertown silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) at an upland New Jersey location. Soybean was planted at 371, 494, and 618,000 seeds ha(-1) and previous soil management treatments applied to corn from 1995-1998 were a control (no sidedress N or manure), sidedress N, manure, and manure plus sidedress N. Light interception, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation at R1-R2 were poor predictors of seed yield. Seed yield in manure treatments was 48% greater than non-manure treatments in a dry year, the first residual year after manure application, but was similar or minimally greater in the two years with average precipitation. These data provide additional rationale to follow sustainable practices that distribute manure more evenly across landscapes to minimize buildup of excessive levels of soil nutrients. (C) 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM singer@nstl.gov; heckman@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1300/J064v23n02_07 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 773UZ UT WOS:000188943700006 ER PT J AU Kimmons, TE Phillips, M Brauer, D AF Kimmons, TE Phillips, M Brauer, D TI Small farm scale production of aerobic compost from hardwoods predigested by Lentinula edodes SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mushroom compost; compost methods; microbial content; hardwood; nutrient availability; feasibility; scale appropriateness; vegetables AB The shiitakc mushroom industry produces a waste product in the form of spent hardwood logs that have been partially digested by the lignicolous fungi, Lentinula edodes. Currently, there is no economically viable mechanism for disposal of these logs. The objectives of this research were to test several methods of composting chipped shiitake loos and to evaluate the use of the Compost material for spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) production. Four methods for producing compost from spent shiitake logs were compared: (a) in-vessel tumbler; (b) wire mesh cage; (c) passively aerated static pile; and (d) actively aerated static pile. Compost was produced from a mixture of 85% chipped spent shiitake logs and. 15% grass clippings. In order to adjust C:N to 30: 1, urea was added. Scale and production cost of the aerated static pile methods were superior to the other two methods. The resulting compost contained relatively high concentrations of Ca and low concentrations of P. Coniposting of chipped shiitake logs increased the total relative abundance of fungi relative to bacteria. The ability of the compost to supply N to growing crops was assessed by amending soils for production of spinach in the greenhouse. Compost additions increased the growth of spinach without increasing soil nitrate-nitrogen levels. These results indicate that spent shiitake logs can be converted into compost by methods appropriate for small farms and that the resulting compost can be used to stimulate crop growth. (C) 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. SCDC, Shirley, AR 72513 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1300/J064v23n01_08 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 755DW UT WOS:000187389300007 ER PT J AU Ritchey, KD Boyer, DG Turner, KE Snuffer, JD AF Ritchey, KD Boyer, DG Turner, KE Snuffer, JD TI Surface limestone application increases ammonia volatilization from goat urine in abandoned pastures SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; ammonia; volatilization; urine; limestone; scorch; pasture; goats ID SOIL AB Concentrated application of nitrogen (N) resulting from urine deposition by livestock can cause nitrate pollution of ground water. Use of goats (Capra hircus) at high stocking densities to clear unwanted shrubs from abandoned pasture during renovation increases the probability of multiple depositions of urine. We hypothesized that applying limestone early in the pasture restoration process would favor ammonia (NH3) volatilization. This would increase the area over which N was distributed and reduce the potential for localized nitrate pollution, although atmospheric NH3 loading would be increased. To study the effect of surface limestone application on NH3 generation, we collected 32 soil profile columns with intact vegetation from an abandoned pasture in southern WV. Urine was applied 18 weeks after surface application of 6720 kg/ha (6000 lb/ac) limestone. Columns received one, two, or three applications of 100 mL goat urine, adding a total of 9.8, 31.7, and 66.4 g/m(2) N, respectively. The amount of NH3 increased markedly with increased urine application. Ammonia production decreased exponentially with time after each addition. Overall, limed columns generated 132% more NH3 than unlimed columns. Dry matter production was highest in the treatment receiving two urine applications and lowest in the control receiving no urine. Three urine applications damaged plants; this scorching was correlated with amount of NH3 generated. With time, plant cover in damaged treatments recuperated, with broadleaf plants tending to replace grass. Surface limestone application increased the amount of urine N transformed to NH3 gas, especially where there were multiple urine deposits. C1 USDA ARS, AFSRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Ritchey, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, AFSRC, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM dritchey@afsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1300/J064v23n02_09 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 773UZ UT WOS:000188943700008 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Teasdale, JR Huang, WY AF Lu, YC Teasdale, JR Huang, WY TI An economic and environmental tradeoff analysis of sustainable agriculture cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cover crop; economics; environmental stewardship; erosion; grain; herbicide; no-tillage; nitrogen; organic; profitability; reduced-tillage; risk; runoff; sustainable cropping systems ID TILLAGE AB This study used the results of a 60-year simulation based on data from the Sustainable Agricultural Demonstration site at the USDA, ARS Beltsville Agriculture Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, to analyze tradeoffs between profitability and environmental stewardship. Six grain cropping systems included two no-tillage rotations with recommended fertilizer and herbicide inputs, two no-tillage rotations with winter annual cover crops and reduced herbicide and nitrogen inputs, and two reduced-tillage organic rotations. Economic analysis showed that highest gross margins were attained by a cover crop-based system with zero nitrogen inputs (CCZ). Risk analysis showed that the organic systems had lower profit variability across years and, therefore, would be most attractive to risk averse farmers. Both the cover crop-based systems and organic systems had low erosion risks and no risk of herbicide contamination so there were no profit versus erosion or herbicide tradeoffs amongst these systems. All systems had nitrogen runoff that exceeded threshold levels in at least two-thirds of the simulation years. In addition, systems that were lowest in nitrogen runoff were highest in phosphorus losses. This resulted in tradeoffs for risk neutral farmers between higher profitability along with higher nitrogen runoff for the CCZ system versus lower profitability along with lower nitrogen runoff for the organic systems. In contrast, for risk averse farmers, there would be a tradeoff between lower economic risk along with higher phosphorus loss in the organic systems versus higher economic risk along with lower phosphorus loss for the CCZ system. Thus, control of nutrient losses while maintaining profitable production levels represents a major challenge to the design of sustainable cropping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 001,Room 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ylu@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1300/J064v22n03_05 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 713HW UT WOS:000184852500004 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Magleby, R Somwaru, A AF Huang, WY Magleby, R Somwaru, A TI The economic impacts of alternative manure management regulations on hog farms in the Heartland: An individual-farm analysis SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hog manure; land application restrictions; net returns AB A whole-farm modeling approach applied to survey data was used to assess the economic impacts of alternative regulations on manure application on Heartland hog farms. Results showed differential economic impacts depending on type and size of the hog operations. The P-based restriction would increase hog production costs and could affect the financial well-being of hog producers. Many large farms (over 2,500 hogs) had to lease additional land to meet restrictions on manure phosphorous application, with reductions in net crop returns exceeding those of medium size operations (750-2,500 hogs). Feeding hogs a phytase diet to lessen phosphorous in manure reduced the additional land needed and moderated the increase in manure application costs, but net crop returns still dropped for most operations. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1300/J064v22n01_04 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 695CM UT WOS:000183813600004 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Lopez, JD Latheef, MA AF Prom, LK Lopez, JD Latheef, MA TI Transmission of Claviceps africana spores from diseased to non-infected sorghum by corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sorghum ergot; Claviceps africana; Helicoverpa zea; corn earworm ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ERGOT; TEXAS AB The potential of corn earworm moths Helicoverpa zea, an important pest of sorghum in Texas, as a passive vector of sorghum ergot, Claviceps africana was assessed. Laboratory-reared (females and m. ales) and field-moths trapped in sex pheromone traps were confined in screen cages with potted male-sterile sorghum line ATX623 that had been artificially infected with sorghum ergot and was producing massive amounts of honeydew that contained spores of the fungus. In the cages, moths were observed feeding on the honeydew. When laboratory-reared moths contaminated with C. africana spores were released for 12 or 48 h in cages containing healthy greenhouse- or field-grown male-sterile sorghum plants at anthesis, the levels of ergot severities on the panicles ranged from 0.5-90%, per panicle. The levels of ergot infection on greenhouse- and field-grown ATX623 exposed to ergot contaminated field-trapped males for 48 h ranged from 0-81.7%. Mean external contamination of laboratory-reared and field-trapped moths placed in a soapy wash was 1.4 X 10(5) and 4.7 X 10(4) conidia/ml, respectively. This study demonstrated that contaminated adult corn earworm could transmit the sorghum ergot from diseased to healthy panicles when environmental conditions are favorable for infection. Thus, migrating moths and other highly mobile pest species have the potential to transport C. africana over relatively large distances. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2765 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1300/J064v21n04_05 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 675FR UT WOS:000182683300004 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Gatto, LW McCool, DK AF Halvorson, JJ Gatto, LW McCool, DK TI Overwinter changes to near-surface bulk density, penetration resistance and infiltration rates in compacted soil SO JOURNAL OF TERRAMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE tank ruts; soil compaction; bulk density; soil penetration resistance; saturated hydraulic conductivity; Yakima Training Center ID PENETROMETER; TILLAGE; MODEL AB Previous studies at Yakima Training Center (YTC), in Washington State, suggest freeze-thaw (FT) cycles can ameliorate soil compacted by tracked military vehicles [J. Terra-mechanics 38 (2001) 133]. However, we know little about the short-term effects of soil freezing over a single winter. We measured bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), and steady-state runoff rates in soil newly tracked by an Abrams tank and in uncompacted soil, before and after a single winter at YTC. We similarly measured BD, SPR and saturated hydraulic conductivity (k(fs)) in simulated tank tracks at another site near Lind Washington. Average BD was significantly greater in tank ruts at YTC and in simulated tracks at the Lind site than in uncompacted soil soon after tracking and did not change significantly during the winter of 1997-1998. Measurements of SPR were strongly influenced by soil moisture. When soil was moist or tracks were newly formed, SPR was significantly higher in tank ruts than in uncompacted soil from the surface to a depth of about 10-15 cm. The greatest average SPR in compacted soil was observed between 4 and 6 cm depth. We observed less difference in SPR between tank ruts and uncompacted soil near-surface at YTC as the time after trafficking increased. We observed highest SPR ratios (compacted rut: undisturbed) in fresh tracks near the surface, with lower ratios associated with increasing track age or soil depth, indicating that some recovery had occurred at YTC near-surface. However, we did not observe a similar over-winter change in SPR profiles at the Lind site. Rainfall simulator data from YTC showed higher steady-state runoff rates in tank ruts than over uncompacted soil both before and after winter. However, more time was required to reach steady-state flow in tank ruts and the proportion of runoff was slightly lower in May 1998 than in August 1997. At the Lind site, k(fs) was lower in newly compacted soil than in one-year old compacted soil or uncompacted soil. Our data suggest that indices of water infiltration such as steady-state runoff rates or k(fs), are more sensitive indicators of soil recovery after compaction than are BD or SPR. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISTVS. C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geol Sci Div, Res & Engn Directorate, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Halvorson, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4898 J9 J TERRAMECHANICS JI J. Terramech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0022-4898(03)00014-4 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA 749XX UT WOS:000186956300001 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT Newman, SM AF Johnson, WT Newman, SM TI Copper deficiency: A potential model for determining the role of mitochondria in cardiac aging SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN AGING ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT SYSTEM; C-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; DIETARY COPPER; RAT-LIVER; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE AB Heart mitochondria experience age-related declines in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and increases in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to loss of cardiac function and the development of disease that occur with advancing age. In a manner similar to aging, copper, deficiency also suppresses heart CCO activity and has cardiovascular consequences related to increased peroxidation. Food restriction is often used as a tool to study oxidative mechanisms of aging and the present study examines the potential of copper deficiency to model the role of mitochondria in cardiac aging by determining if the effect of food restriction on CCO activity and oxidative stress in heart mitochondria parallels its effect on cardiac mitochondria during aging. Overall, copper deficiency severely inhibited CCO activity and increased both Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in isolated heart mitochondria. However, a 20% reduction in food intake by copper-deficient rats increased CCO activity by 65% and decreased MnSOD activity by 25% but had no effect in rats fed adequate copper. Copper deficiency also reduced the carbonyl content of 80-100 kDa mitochondrial proteins, but the reduction in carbonyl content was unaffected by food restriction. Food restriction did, however, completely prevent the enlargement of cardiac mitochondria in copper-deficient rats. Together, these findings indicate that copper deficiency induces mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activity and hypertrophy in cardiac tissue in response to reduced CCO activity and that food restriction may counteract these changes by reducing oxidative stress. Because the action of food restriction on CCO activity and mitochondrially generated oxidative stress are similar in copper deficiency and aging, copper deficiency may serve as a short-term model for studying the potential roles of mitochondria in cardiac aging. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM tjohnson@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI MEDIA PA SALLY BALIN MEDICAL CENTER, 110 CHESLEY DR, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 0161-9152 J9 J AM AGING ASSOC JI J. Am. Aging Assoc. PD JAN-APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 877EA UT WOS:000225549400003 PM 23604915 ER PT J AU Smiciklas-Wright, H Mitchell, DC Mickle, SJ Goldman, JD Cook, A AF Smiciklas-Wright, H Mitchell, DC Mickle, SJ Goldman, JD Cook, A TI Foods commonly eaten in the United States, 1989-1991 and 1994-1996: Are portion sizes changing? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRIENT INTAKE; DIETARY SOURCES; US CHILDREN; BONE LOSS; CAFFEINE; POPULATION; VALIDATION; BEVERAGES AB Objective To compare quantities consumed per eating occasion in 1989-1991 and 1994-1996 was the objective of this study. Design This study was a comparison over time. Subjects/setting Subjects were respondents in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) in 19891991 or 1994-1996. Intake data were processed and analyzed to provide estimates of amounts of commonly eaten foods consumed per eating occasion. Statistical analyses performed Approximate t tests were used to compare quantities of foods consumed by 1989-1991 and 1994-1996 survey respondents: Analyses were conducted for all persons aged 2 years and over and for 10 age and sex groups. Significance was set at .001. Results Significant differences in amounts consumed were reported for approximately one third of the 107 foods examined. Larger amounts were reported in 1994-1996 by all persons aged 2 years and over and selected age/sex subgroups for several foods including soft drinks, coffee, tea, and ready-to-eat cereal. Smaller amounts were reported for fewer foods:, margarine, mayonnaise; chicken; macaroni and cheese, and pizza. Applications/conclusions: Amounts of foods consumed per, eating occasion are widely used for the formation of public policy, counseling, and dietary assessment. Changes in amounts consumed should be monitored to evaluate the need for revisions in policy and diet assessment protocols. C1 Penn State Univ, Dietary Assessment Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Community Nutr Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smiciklas-Wright, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dietary Assessment Ctr, 5-C Henderson, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 52 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 103 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1053/jada.2003.50000 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637AN UT WOS:000180489600005 PM 12525792 ER PT J AU Silliman, K Parry, J Kirk, LL Prior, RL AF Silliman, K Parry, J Kirk, LL Prior, RL TI Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PINUS-MARITIMA BARK; RED WINE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HUMAN PLASMA; JUICE CONSUMPTION; BLACK TEA; CAPACITY; SERUM AB Objective The objectives of this study were to determine if Pycnogenol (PYC), a water-processed extract made from the bark of Pinus maritima, interacts with vitamin C to increase its concentration and to increase total antioxidant capacity of serum and urine. Design The study design was a nonrandom intervention. Subjects Subjects (N=27; 15 women, 12 men) were aged 19 to 42 years. Intervention Subjects consumed a placebo twice daily with meals for the first 2 weeks (baseline) and PYC (200 mg/day) for the second 2 weeks. Main outcome measures On days 15 and 29, subjects had a fasting blood sample collected and then consumed a daily dose of placebo or PYC with a 310-calorie beverage. One hour later a second blood sample was collected. Blood samples were analyzed for vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity using the ORAL (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected on days 14-15 and 28-29 and analyzed for total phenolics, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential), and ORAC. Statistical analyses Paired t tests were used to test the impact of PYC on the outcome variables. A univariate ANOVA was used to determine the influence of gender. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between dietary factors and outcome measures. Results There was no apparent increase in fasting vitamin C concentration (P=.18) 2 weeks after supplementing the diet with PYC. Fasting ORAL values actually declined (P=.005). One hour after the ingestion of a daily dose of placebo or PYC, the total antioxidant capacity of serum increased by 15% to 19%, but the increase after ingesting PYC was not significantly (P=.80) more than after placebo. Antioxidant results from 24-hour urine samples were similar. Applications/conclusions The present findings fail to support the vitamin C or antioxidant claims made for PYC. PYC does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Sci Biol, Program Nutr & Food Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Chico, CA 95929 USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Silliman, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Sci Biol, Program Nutr & Food Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 103 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1053/jada.2003.50004 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637AN UT WOS:000180489600010 PM 12525796 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Prinyawiwatkul, W King, JM Grimm, CC Lloyd, S AF Sathivel, S Prinyawiwatkul, W King, JM Grimm, CC Lloyd, S TI Microwave-assisted catfish liver oil extraction and FA analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catfish liver oil; fatty acid analysis; microwave heating ID DIRECT TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; ONE-STEP REACTION; FATTY-ACIDS; RAPID ANALYSIS; LIPIDS AB FA profiles of catfish liver oils were analyzed after microwave-assisted (without solvent extraction) and/or conventional (with solvent extraction) preparation methods. Microwave heating of the samples was performed at 100, 80, 60, or 40% power at 1,000 W and 2,450 MHz, each for 80, 60, 40, or 20 s. Significant differences in the content of recovered FA were observed among the microwave-heated samples, except for C20:0 and C20:4. Recovery of C16:0, C20:0, and C20:4 from the samples analyzed by the microwave-assisted method was lower than that of the samples analyzed by the conventional method. Much greater recovery was observed for C1 8:1, C1 8:2, and C22:6; however, the recovery was not different from or was only slightly lower than that of the conventional method when microwave heating was set at 40% power for 20 s. This was also observed for the total unsaturated or saturated FA. Compared to other microwave treatments, heating at 100% power for 80 s yielded the greatest recovery of Cl 4:0, C1 8:0, Cl 8:1, C1 8:2, C1 8:3, C20:1, C20:2, and C22:6. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Prinyawiwatkul, W (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0643-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 642AU UT WOS:000180781800004 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Michalski, PJ Runyon, S Nunez, A Scott, KM AF Haas, MJ Michalski, PJ Runyon, S Nunez, A Scott, KM TI Production of FAME from acid oil, a by-product of vegetable oil refining SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acid oil; biodiesel; fats and oils utilization; fatty acid; fatty acid ester; soapstock ID PERFORMANCE; SOAPSTOCK; ESTERS AB Simple alkyl FA esters have numerous uses, including serving as biodiesel, a fuel for compression ignition (diesel) engines. The use of acid-catalyzed esterification for the synthesis of FAME from acid oil, a by-product of edible vegetable oil refining that is produced from soapstock, was investigated. Soybean acid oil contained 59.3 wt% FFA, 28.0 wt% TAG, 4.4 wt% DAG, and less than 1% MAG. Maximum esterification occurred at 65degreesC and 26 h reaction at a molar ratio of total FA/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1:15:1.5. Residual unreacted species under these conditions, as a fraction of their content in unesterified acid oil, were FFA, 6.6%; TAG, 5.8%; and DAG, 2.6%. This corresponds to estimated concentrations of FFA, 3.2%; TAG, 1.3%; and DAG, 0.2%, on a mass basis, in the ester product. In an alternative approach, the acylglycerol species in soapstock were saponified prior to acidulation. High-acid (HA) acid oil made from this saponified soapstock had an FFA content of 96.2 wt% and no detectable TAG, DAG, or MAG. Optimal esterification conditions for HA acid oil at 65degreesC were a mole ratio of FFA/methanol/acid of 1:1.8:0.17, and 14 h incubation. FAME recovery under these conditions was 89% of theoretical, and the residual unesterified FFA content was approximately 20 mg/g. This was reduced to 3.5 mg/g, below the maximum FFA level allowed for biodiesel, by washing with NaCl, NaHCO3 and Ca(OH)(2) solutions. Alternatively, by subjecting the unwashed ester layer to a second esterification, the FFA level was reduced to less than 2 mg/g. The acid value of this material exceeded the maximum allowed for biodiesel, but was reduced to an acceptable value by a brief wash with 0.5 N NaOH. C1 ARS, USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Runyon Ind, Memphis, TN 38127 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0658-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 642AU UT WOS:000180781800019 ER PT J AU Takeda, F Strik, BC Peacock, D Clark, JR AF Takeda, F Strik, BC Peacock, D Clark, JR TI Patterns of floral bud development in canes of erect and trailing blackberries SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE floral primordia; floricane; inflorescence; microscopy; Rubus ID EASTERN THORNLESS BLACKBERRY; ORGANOGENESIS; CULTIVARS AB Flower bud development was studied in 'Cherokee', 'Boysen',and 'Marion' blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson). In 'Cherokee' (erect type), the transition to reproductive development in buds on the branch canes occurred during September in Arkansas and Oregon. Transitions of buds in the axils of the most basal nodes (proximal to the main cane) and the most distal nodes lagged behind buds in the midsection (about nodes 6 to 10). Along the midsection of branch canes, the buds developed uniformly. In buds of 'Boysen' and 'Marion' (trailing type), the transition to reproductive development occurred in October and sepal primordia were observed in most buds examined by November. Progression of floral bud development continued into January, but at a slower rate than in autumn. Buds on the main canes (>3 In long) of 'Boysen' and 'Marion' remained at a more advanced stage of flower bud differentiation than buds on the basal branch canes. In both cultivars, buds from the middle one-third section, and sometimes buds from the bottom one-third section, tended to be more advanced than those buds in the top one-third section during much of the sampling period. The results suggest that rate and patterns of flower bud development vary among cultivars grown in different locations. However, the pattern of flower bud development was not in a basipetal fashion on main or branch canes. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629VM UT WOS:000180072400001 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Haritatos, EE Turgeon, R AF Volk, GM Haritatos, EE Turgeon, R TI Galactinol synthase gene expression in melon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE raffinose family oligosaccharides; Cucumis melo; sugars ID RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DEVELOPING SOYBEAN SEEDS; AJUGA-REPTANS L; STACHYOSE SYNTHESIS; CUCURBITA-PEPO; CUCUMIS-MELO; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; GALACTOSYL CYCLITOLS; LEAVES; METABOLISM AB Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) perform several physiological functions in plants. In addition to accumulating during seed formation, raffinose and stachyose are translocated in the phloem and may accumulate in response to low temperatures, drought, or salt stress. Although the synthesis of galactinol, as mediated by galactinol synthase (GAS), is the first committed step in RFO formation, its expression patterns are poorly understood in most species. We have cloned and characterized the expression of two galactinol synthase gene family members in melon (Cucumis melo L. Cantalupensis Group). Both CmGAS1 and CmGAS2 are highly expressed in mature leaves. Galactinol synthase transcription in leaves was not upregulated by either water or low temperature stresses. Transcripts of CmGAS1 were present in developing melon seeds at a time coincident with the formation of raffinose and stachyose. Based on the GAS expression and RFO accumulation patterns, we propose that RFOs in melon function in carbon translocation and seed desiccation tolerance. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Germplasm Preservat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629VM UT WOS:000180072400002 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ TI Pecan tree growth and precocity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis AB Precocity of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] seedlings (year of first fruit production) was studied in relation to original seed measurements (nut weight, buoyancy, volume, and density) and in relation to growth index (GI) measurements of seedling trees for 4 years. A total of 2,071 pecan seedlings, representing nine controlled-cross families, were studied. Original seed measurements were not related to precocity of resultant seedling trees; but seed weight, buoyancy, and volume were significantly correlated with seedling growth rates. Nut density was negatively related to growth of seedlings. These relationships show the importance of original seed measurements and seed parentage in determining seedling growth; and have direct relevance in pecan nursery operations to increase general rootstock seedling vigor. Seedling growth rate was significantly correlated to precocity levels, with measurements taken in the later years of the study showing the highest correlations with precocity. This strong growth-precocity relationship may have negative genetic implications since a common breeding objective is to produce more precocious cultivars that maintain smaller tree size in mature orchards. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629VM UT WOS:000180072400010 ER PT J AU Huang, HW Layne, DR Kubisiak, TL AF Huang, HW Layne, DR Kubisiak, TL TI Molecular characterization of cultivated pawpaw (Asimina triloba) using RAPD markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; cultivar identification; genetic relatedness; cluster analysis ID DNA POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-VARIATION; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; STATES AB Thirty-four extant pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] cultivars and advanced selections representing a large portion of the gene pool of cultivated pawpaws were investigated using 71 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to establish genetic identities and evaluate genetic relatedness. All 34 cultivated pawpaws were uniquely identified by as few as 14 loci of eight primers. Genetic diversity of the existing gene pool of cultivated pawpaws, as estimated by Nei's gene diversity (He), was similar to that of wild pawpaw populations. The genetic relatedness among the cultivated pawpaws examined by UPGMA cluster analysis separated 34 cultivars and selections into two distinct clusters, a cluster of PPF (The PawPaw Foundation) selections and a cluster including a majority of the extant cultivars selected from the wild and their derived selections. The results are in general agreement with the known selection history and pedigree information available. The consensus fingerprint profile using the genetically defined RAPD markers is a useful and reliable method for establishing the genetic identities of the pawpaw cultivars and advanced selections. This also proved to be an improved discriminating tool over isozyme markers for the assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness. RAPD profiling of data presented in this study provides a useful reference for germplasm curators engaged in making decisions of sampling strategies, germplasm management and for breeders deciding which parents to select for future breeding efforts. C1 Kentucky State Univ, USDA, Clonal Germplasm Resp Asimina Sp, Franfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Layne, DR (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, USDA, Clonal Germplasm Resp Asimina Sp, Franfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629VM UT WOS:000180072400012 ER PT J AU Saftner, RA Abbott, JA Conway, WS Barden, CL AF Saftner, RA Abbott, JA Conway, WS Barden, CL TI Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and heat treatments on ripening and postharvest decay in 'Golden Delicious' apples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; Colletotrichum acutatum; fruit quality; ethylene; fruit firmness; Malus sylvestris; MCP; Penicillium expansum; postharvest storage; texture ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; ETHYLENE; FRUIT; STORAGE; 1-MCP; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; AROMA AB Prestorage heat, CA storage, and pre- and poststorage treatments with the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), were tested for their efficacy at inhibiting fungal decay and maintaining quality in 'Golden Delicious' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Yellow Delicious Group] stored 0 to 5 months at 0 T and 7 days at 20 degreesC. Before storage in air at 0degrees C, preclimacteric fruit were treated with either MCP at a concentration of I 1muL(.)L(-1) for 17 hours at 20 T, 38 degreesC air for 4 days, MCP plus heat, or left untreated. Some sets of untreated fruit were stored in a controlled atmosphere of 1.5 kPa O-2 and 2.5 kPa CO2 at 0 degreesT while other sets were removed from cold storage in air after 2.5 or 5 months, warmed to 20 degreesC, and treated with 1 muL(.)L(-1) MCP for 17 hours. Prestorage MCP, heat, MCP plus heat treatments and CA storage decreased decay severity caused by wound-inoculated Penicillium expansum Link, Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr., and Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds (teleomorph Glomerella acutata J.C. Guerber & J.C. Correll sp.nov.). Poststorage MCP treatment had no effect on decay severity. Both prestorage MCP treatment and CA storage delayed ripening as indicated by better retention of green peel color, titratable acidity, and Magness-Taylor flesh firmness, and the reduced respiration, ethylene production rates, and volatile levels that were observed upon transferring the fruit to 20 T. The prestorage MCP treatment delayed ripening more than CA storage. Following 5 months cold storage, the prestorage MCP treatment maintained the shape of the compression force/deformation curve compared with that of fruit at harvest, as did CA storage, but at a lower force profile. The heat treatment had mixed effects on ripening: it hastened loss of green peel color and titratable acidity, but maintained firmness and delayed increases in respiration, ethylene production and volatile levels following cold storage. The MCP plus heat treatment inhibited ripening more than heat treatment alone but less than MCP treatment alone. In one of 2 years, the MCP plus heat treatment resulted in superficial injury to some of the fruit. Results indicated that MCP may provide an effective alternative to CA for reducing decay severity and maintaining quality during postharvest storage of 'Golden Delicious' apples. Prestorage heat to control decay and maintain quality of apples needs further study, especially if used in combination with MCP. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Saftner, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 47 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 128 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 629VM UT WOS:000180072400017 ER PT J AU Mendonca, S Cole, RB Zhu, JH Cai, Y French, AD Johnson, GP Laine, RA AF Mendonca, S Cole, RB Zhu, JH Cai, Y French, AD Johnson, GP Laine, RA TI Incremented alkyl derivatives enhance collision induced glycosidic bond cleavage in mass spectrometry of disaccharides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; LINKAGE POSITION DETERMINATION; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INTERGLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES; ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION; ANOMERIC CONFIGURATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SIGMA-CONJUGATION; C-GLYCOSIDES; GAS-PHASE AB Electrospray ionization and collision induced dissociation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used to determine the effect of spatial crowding of incremented alkyl groups of two anomeric pairs of peralkylated (methyl to pentyl) disaccharides (maltose/cellobiose and isomaltose/gentiobiose). Protonated molecules were generated which underwent extensive fragmentation under low energy conditions. For both the 1 --> 4 and 1 --> 6 alpha and 0 isomers, at comparable collision energies the methyl derivative exhibited the least fragmentation followed by ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl. Collision energy is converted to rotational-vibrational modes in competition with bond cleavage, as represented by the slope of product/parent ion (D/P) ratio versus offset energy. Variable rotational freedom at the glycosidic linkage with incremented alkyl groups is hypothesized to be responsible for this effect. Discrimination of anomeric configuration was also assessed for these stereoiosmeric disaccharides. A systematic study showed that an increasing discrimination was attained for the 1 --> 4 isomeric pair as the size of the derivative increased from methyl to pentyl. No anomeric discrimination was attained for the 1 --> 6 isomeric pair. Parent and product ion scans confirmed the consistency of fragmentation pathways among derivatives. Chem-X and MM3 molecular modeling programs were used to obtain minimum energy structures and freedom of motion volumes for the permethylated disaccharides. The modeling results correlated with the fragmentation ratios obtained in the mass spectrometer giving strong indication that the collision induced spectra are dependent on the freedom of rotational motion around the glycosidic bond. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Laine, RA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 510 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Laine, Roger A/B-9434-2014 OI Laine, Roger A/0000-0001-5984-4409 NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00816-4 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 628WD UT WOS:000180018800008 PM 12504335 ER PT J AU Muslin, EH Karpelenia, CB Henson, CA AF Muslin, EH Karpelenia, CB Henson, CA TI The impact of thermostable alpha-glucosidase on the production of fermentable sugars during mashing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE barley; Hordeum vulgare; maltase; maltodextrins; starch degradation ID BARLEY BETA-AMYLASE; STARCH DEGRADATION; GRANULES; SEEDS AB alpha-Glucosidase is one of the four carbohydrases present in malted barley that degrade starch. The thermostability of these carbohydrases is important because the industrial processes that convert starch to fermentable sugars typically take place at temperatures of 65-73 degreesC. After exposures as short as 10 min to these temperatures, alpha-glucosidase has less than 5% of the activity it had at 30 degreesC. We hypothesized that a more thermostable alpha-glucosidase could result in the increased production of fermentable sugars during mashing at high temperatures. To test this hypothesis, experimental mashes were supplemented with either nonmutated recombinant alpha-glucosidase (control) or recombinant alpha-glucosidase that had been mutated to have increased thermostability. The real degree of fermentation and the identity and quantity of maltodextrins produced were compared between these two mashes. The amounts of glucose, maltose, and maltotriose and the real degree of fermentation were significantly increased in the mashes containing thermostable alpha-glucosidase. Hence, we conclude that the presence of a thermostable alpha-glucosidase during mashing does increase the efficiency of the mashing process since more fermentable sugars are produced with no increase in the amount of raw materials added to the mash. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cahenson@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2003 VL 61 IS 3 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 861JZ UT WOS:000224414100006 ER PT J AU Ogawa, Y Miyashita, K Shimizu, H Sugiyama, J AF Ogawa, Y Miyashita, K Shimizu, H Sugiyama, J TI Three-dimensional internal structure of a soybean seed by observation of autofluorescence of sequential sections SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI LA Japanese DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION; RICE KERNEL; FOODS AB An internal structure of a sample soybean seed (Glycine max) was represented by using a virtual three-dimensional (3D) visualizing method. This method is a combination of sequential sectioning, autofluorescence imaging in digital and displaying as a virtual representation model by the 3D accumulation of section images using a personal computer with volume rendering process. By the autofluorescence imaging, the distribution of fluorescent tissues was observed in each section. By using the virtual 3D visualizing method, the autofluorescent tissues were observed to form a spriggy 3D structure in the soybean seed. Comparison of the 3D location of hypocotyl with such distributions, indicates that autofluorescent tissues are tissues which will become vascular bundles of cotyledon after germination. C1 Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Sch Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. RP Sugiyama, J (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM sugiyama@affrc.go.jp NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI IBARAKI-KEN PA 2-1-12 KANNONDAI TSUKUBA-SHI, IBARAKI-KEN, 305-8642, JAPAN SN 1341-027X J9 J JPN SOC FOOD SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol.-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi PY 2003 VL 50 IS 5 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 682RV UT WOS:000183106900001 ER PT J AU Ogawa, Y Wood, DF Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Miyashita, K Tsuta, M Sugiyama, J AF Ogawa, Y Wood, DF Orts, WJ Glenn, GM Miyashita, K Tsuta, M Sugiyama, J TI Observation method for the histological structure of cooked rice kernels using adhesive tape SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI LA Japanese DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION AB A new method was developed to investigate histological structures of cooked rice kernels. A single kernel of rice was infiltrated with 100% ethanol by carrying the kernel through a graded series of ethanol-water mixtures. The rice kernel was then embedded in paraffin and sectioned on a standard microtome. During the sectioning process, a special adhesive tape was used to collect the sections and place them onto slides so that they remained flat and were observable by microscope. The quality of sections was shown using scanning electron microscope. The use of the adhesive tape technique combined with autofluorescence characteristics of phenolic compounds located in cell walls in the UV range allowed cell formations to be visualized throughout an entire longitudinal section of a rice kernel. Cell wall disruptions in the sections of the cooked rice kernel were also visualized. This technique shows potential for studying histological characteristics of cooked rice kernels. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Ogawa, Y (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sugiyama@affrc.go.jp RI Tsuta, Mizuki/A-4486-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI IBARAKI-KEN PA 2-1-12 KANNONDAI TSUKUBA-SHI, IBARAKI-KEN, 305-8642, JAPAN SN 1341-027X J9 J JPN SOC FOOD SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol.-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi PY 2003 VL 50 IS 7 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 705KB UT WOS:000184393300005 ER PT J AU Fielding, DJ AF Fielding, DJ TI Windowpane traps as a method of monitoring grasshopper (Orthoptera : Acrididae) populations in crops SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sampling; crop protection; dispersal ID RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS; ADJACENT RANGELAND; WINTER-WHEAT; SPECIES ORTHOPTERA; ESTIMATING DENSITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GRASSLANDS; BAIT AB Study of the movement of grasshoppers between habitats, such as between rangeland and field crops, is hampered by a lack of methods for monitoring movement and for sampling grasshopper populations under dense crop canopies. This paper examines the use of windowpane traps to detect grasshopper movements and presence within various habitats. Traps were constructed with a vertical pane of glass and troughs of soapy water at the base of both sides of the pane. Transects of the traps were placed within fallow fields and barley crops, and along field margins in-between. There were significant differences between trap catch and samples taken by sweep net in proportions of the five most common species of grasshoppers, with the traps capturing proportionally more Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), and fewer Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) than occurred in the sweep samples. The trap data indicated movement of individuals during late summer. Camnula pellucida (Scudder) and Melanoplus sanguinipes congregated along the roadside later in the season. Melanoplus borealis (Fieber) was captured in greater numbers in the barley and along the roadside, than in the fallow fields. The two sides of the trap allowed inference of directionality in movement. Greater numbers of grasshoppers were captured on the downwind side of the traps when wind direction was consistently from one direction. Field assays showed that grasshoppers were attracted to aqueous solutions of dishwashing detergent and grasshopper cadavers. The traps may not be useful for comparison of relative abundances among species, but may be less affected by vegetation type than other methods of sampling, and provide useful information regarding invasion of crops by individual species of grasshoppers. C1 Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fielding, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643RR UT WOS:000180874700007 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Rehmke, LJ Simmons, GF AF Hansen, JD Rehmke, LJ Simmons, GF TI Packing house survey of Washington cherries for surface arthropods SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE postharvest; quarantine; pests; systems approach; tree fruits ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SWEET CHERRY; TORTRICIDAE; FRUIT; HOST AB International markets are concerned about possible quarantine pests in sweet cherries exported from the Pacific Northwest. To determine the incidence of surface arthropods on cherry fruits, fruit samples entering (presorted)and leaving (final pack) two packing houses in Washington state were collected weekly. Fruits were sampled from 63 grower lots and included 'Bing,' 'Lapin,' 'Lambert,' and 'Rainier' cultivars. In each of the 131 samples, 50 cherries were randomly examined, along with leaves (if present), and the bag containing the cherries. Samples were inspected under a microscope at 25x, and all live and dead arthropods were recorded. Among 3.600 presorted fruits inspected, the only live arthropods found were two predacious mites and six thrips. No codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), or cherry fruit fly. Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), larvae were observed. Among 1750 final pack fruits, the only live arthropod was an aphid. The survey demonstrated that very few live arthropods enter the packing house and that the remaining are eliminated by typical packinghouse operations. If typical, this information can be used to develop a comprehensive program for quarantine security. C1 USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, YARL, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 643RR UT WOS:000180874700011 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Maneepun, S Boonpunt, T AF Inglett, GE Carriere, CJ Maneepun, S Boonpunt, T TI Nutritional value and functional properties of a hydrocolloidal soybean and oat blend for use in Asian foods SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soy flour; oat bran; Soytrim; Nutrim-10; hydrocolloid; coconut milk; dietary fibre; saturated fat ID EXTRACTS; LIPIDS; WOMEN; MEN AB A rheological study was conducted to determine the functional properties of a hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran, called Soytrim. Soytrim was prepared by thermomechanically processing soybean and oat products. After finding that Soytrim had similar rheological characteristics to coconut and soybean milk products, two studies were conducted to investigate its use in improving the nutritional value of some Asian foods by reducing the saturated fat content and increasing the soluble fibre content. In the first study, four Thai foods were prepared using a 60 g kg(-1) Soytrim suspension to replace some of the coconut milk, with subsequent sensory, chemical and physical analysis. A 750 g kg(-1) substitution of Soytrim for coconut milk in green chicken curry gave a 74.7% reduction in saturated fat content and a 142.8% increase in soluble fibre content. Total substition of Soytrim for coconut milk in fermented soybean dip gave a 96.2% reduction in saturated fat and a 10.6% increase in soluble fibre. Total substitution in mungbean conserve gave a 97.0% reduction in saturated fat and a 19.0% increase in soluble fibre. A 500 g kg(-1) substitution of soytrim for coconut milk in sweetened condensed cassava paste gave a 48.7% reduction in saturated fat and 37.5% increase in soluble fibre. Sensory evaluation of these foods revealed no distinguishable changes in acceptability at the 500 g kg(-1) replacement level, but unacceptability with total substitution. In the second study, more widely consumed Asian foods, soymilk and tofu, were combined with Soytrim. These foods could also be made more nutritious when combined with Soytrim at rates of substitution up to 300 g kg(-1), with satisfactory acceptability at this replacement level. In all the Asian foods studied, the hydrocolloidal blend of soybean flour and oat bran could add nutritional value by reducing saturated fat and increasing soluble fibre. (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Inst Food Res & Prod Dev, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1221 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 635QG UT WOS:000180409900013 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK AF Abbas, HK TI Special issue on aflatoxin and food safety. Part I - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP VII EP IX DI 10.1081/TXR-120024088 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300001 ER PT J AU Robens, J Cardwell, K AF Robens, J Cardwell, K TI The costs of mycotoxin management to the USA: Management of aflatoxins in the United States SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB Mycotoxin losses and costs of mycotoxin management are overlapping areas of concern. Costs of mycotoxin management include research production practices, testing and research necessary to try to prevent the toxins from appearing in food and feed products of affected commodities. Mycotoxin losses result from (American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD), 1993) lowered animal production and any human toxicity attributable to the presence of the toxin, (CAST (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology), 1989) the presence of the toxin in the affected commodity which lowers its market value, as well as (Hawk, 1998) secondary effects on agriculture production and agricultural communities. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Robens, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024089 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300002 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA AF Bruns, HA TI Controlling aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize by crop management SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; fumonisin; Bacillus thuringiensis beliner; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus speare; Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld; irrigation; N-fertility; plant stress ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTION; CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HIGH-MOISTURE CORN; PREHARVEST MAIZE; UNITED-STATES; INSECT DAMAGE; FUNGAL GROWTH; STORED CORN; CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE AB Maize is a vital food and feed grain worldwide. Aflatoxin and fumonisin, mycotoxins produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, and Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld, respectively, are very potent carcinogens in both humans and livestock and can readily contaminate maize grain in the field and in storage. Stress on developing maize, particularly during reproductive growth, facilitates infection by the fungi, production of mycotoxins and contamination of the grain. Drought, excessive heat, inadequate plant nutrition, insect feeding on developing kernels, weeds, excessive plant populations, and other plant diseases can produce plant stress and facilitate the infection of maize grain by mycotoxin producing fungi. Timely planting of adapted hybrids, proper plant nutrition, irrigation, and insect control either by insecticides or the use of transgenic hybrids all assist in curbing mycotoxin contamination. Production practices that produce high yields are basically the same ones that help control mycotoxins. Care must also be exercised in harvesting and handling grain in transport and storage to reduce kernel breakage and prevent contamination. Harvesting early and artificial drying helps reduce the incidence of mycotoxins as well as preventing kernel breakage and stored-grain insect infestations. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 69 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 173 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024090 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300003 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL Buckley, PM AF Williams, WP Windham, GL Buckley, PM TI Enhancing maize germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; host plant resistance; maize; Zea mays L. ID FIELD INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; KERNEL INFECTION; PREHARVEST MAIZE; SOUTH GEORGIA; INSECT DAMAGE; CORN; HYBRIDS; REGISTRATION; LINE AB Preharvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and the subsequent accumulation of aflatoxin in maize grain are chronic problems in the southeastern United States. Aflatoxin is a natural carcinogen, and its presence markedly reduces the value of grain. Losses to aflatoxin contamination reach devastating levels some years. Development and deployment of maize hybrids with resistance to aflatoxin contamination is generally considered the most feasible method of reducing or eliminating the problem. Research to address the aflatoxin problem was initiated by USDA-ARS at Mississippi State, MS, in the late 1970s. The goals of the research were to identify and develop aflatoxin-resistant maize germplasm. First, reliable techniques for screening germplasm were developed. Then, germplasm from numerous sources was screened. The release of Mp313E in 1988 was the first release of maize germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Two other germplasm lines, Mp420 and Mp715, were released in 1991 and 1999, respectively. Additional germplasm lines have been developed, but not yet released. Efforts are currently underway to identify other sources of resistance. When used in crosses with other lines, the aflatoxin-resistant lines markedly reduce the level of aflatoxin contamination in the resulting hybrids. Analysis of a diallel cross indicated that general combining ability was a significant source of variation in the inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Efforts to combine resistance to aflatoxin combination and agronomic qualities using both conventional breeding methods and molecular marker assisted selection have been initiated. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 193 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024091 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300004 ER PT J AU Widstrom, NW Guo, BZ Wilson, DM AF Widstrom, NW Guo, BZ Wilson, DM TI Integration of crop management and genetics for control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE A. flavus; A. parasiticus; mycotoxins; maize; Zea mays L. ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; ZEA-MAYS-L; GT-MAS-GK; KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE KERNELS; INSECT DAMAGE; FIELD CORN; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PLANTING DATE; SILK-MAYSIN AB Aflatoxin contamination of corn in the field is influenced by several factors. In the southern U.S., insect populations are usually large every year. Drought caused by warmer and drier than normal weather is conducive to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination of corn, Zea mays L. When loose-husked hybrids are used in the southern U.S., they accentuate insect damage and aflatoxin contamination. The development and breeding of "southern-type" hybrids is essential for control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Molecular biotechnology may make an impact on tackling the complexity of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn. Integration of crop management tactics and genetic strategies, conventional or molecular, may constrain the problem and help southern corn growers produce a quality, profitable crop. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 152 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 223 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024092 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300005 ER PT J AU Campbell, BC Molyneux, RJ Schatzki, TF AF Campbell, BC Molyneux, RJ Schatzki, TF TI Current research on reducing pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin contamination of US almond, pistachio, and walnut SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus; tree nuts; almonds; pistachios; walnuts; insects; navel orangeworm; codling moth; peach twig bore; phytochemicals; sorting ID X-RAY IMAGES; ONCOPELTUS-FASCIATUS HEMIPTERA; TRANSITELLA WALKER LEPIDOPTERA; NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PRUNUS-AMYGDALUS BATSCH; MACHINE VISION SYSTEM; PEACH TWIG BORER; JUGLANS-REGIA L; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AB Aflatoxins are considered to be potent carcinogens and teratogens to humans and farm animals. A variety of species of the fungal genus Aspergillus (mainly A. flavus and A. parasiticus) synthesize aflatoxins. Spores of these fungi are common in air and soil of agricultural areas of temperate and tropical environments. Because aflatoxigenic fungi are ubiquitous and opportunistic, aflatoxin contamination has become a food safety concern. The chief U.S. crops affected by the threat of contamination with aflatoxin include corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and certain tree nuts. Additionally, aflatoxin contamination has also become an international trade issue. Major trading partners of U.S. agricultural products have set total aflatoxin action threshold levels at four ng/g (ppb). This action level is far below the 20 ppb level recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug administration for domestic foods. Almonds, pistachios and walnuts are one of the major food commodities affected by food safety and trade issues associated with aflatoxin contamination. Commercial domestic production of these tree nuts in the U.S. is entirely in California. Moreover, 50 to 75% of domestically produced tree nuts are exported, chiefly to countries of the European Union (EU), which adhere to the four ppb action threshold level. Scientists at the USDA's Western Regional Research Center and the University of California, Davis' Department of Pomology and Kearney Agricultural Center have developed products and methods to reduce aflatoxin contamination of tree nuts. Control of insect pests in tree nut orchards is a major strategy to curtail aflatoxin contamination. Insect feeding damage can lead to fungal infection and concomitant aflatoxin contamination. This is especially the case with navel orangeworm on pistachio and almond. A new and potent lure has been developed to control codling moth, a major insect pest of walnuts whose feeding damage potentially leads to fungal infection. Through breeding and genetic engineering, new varieties of almonds and walnuts have been developed which are resistant to insect attack. New orchard management strategies have been prescribed to reduce reservoirs of A. flavus in tree nut orchards. A number of saprophytic yeasts, natural to tree nut orchards, have been discovered which show promise as biological control agents of A. flavus, in vitro, and are awaiting field testing. New and improved risk assessment models have been developed for sampling and measuring aflatoxin contamination through the processing stream and in bulk shipping lots of tree nuts. An automated sorter that detects and removes aflatoxin contaminated nuts from a processing stream in real time was developed. It was also concluded that methods currently used for hand-cracking of closed shell pistachios result in a higher risk of aflatoxin contamination. Perhaps the foremost breakthrough to date, however, is that constituents of walnut seed coat, especially from the cultivar 'Tulare', are potent inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis, capable of rendering aflatoxigenic A. flavus virtually atoxigenic. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 173 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 34 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 266 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024093 PG 42 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300006 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Yu, J Holbrook, CC Lee, RD Lynch, RE AF Guo, BZ Yu, J Holbrook, CC Lee, RD Lynch, RE TI Application of differential display RT-PCR and EST/microarray technologies to the analysis of gene expression in response to drought stress and elimination of aflatoxin contamination in corn and peanut SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE aflatoxin; corn; peanut; molecular tools; genomics ID BASE-LINE SUSCEPTIBILITY; GT-MAS-GK; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAIZE POPULATION; PLANT-CELLS; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Aflatoxin contamination in the field is known to be influenced by numerous factors. Drought and high temperatures are conducive to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. This article will review the application of new molecular tools to study host resistance to biotic and abiotic factors affecting preharvest aflatoxin contamination in corn and peanut. We will also summarize recent studies conducted in our laboratories to evaluate the relationship of drought tolerance and aflatoxin contamination, and discuss the progress in using genetic engineering approaches to control preharvest aflatoxin contamination. The application of molecular tools, such as proteomics, DD-RT-PCR (differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), expressed sequence tag (EST) and gene chip technology (macro/microarray) to study gene expression in response to drought stress, and genetic transformation, will be reviewed. We have used DD-RT-PCR to display genes expressed in peanut and corn grown under drought stress vs irrigation condition. A new program has been initiated to use EST/microarray technology to study the whole genome as influenced by drought stress in corn and peanut. We are also studying A. flavus ESTs to better understand the genetic control and regulation of toxin biosynthesis. Because of the complexity of the Aspergillus-plant (corn and peanut) interactions, better understanding of the genetic mechanisms of resistance will be needed using both conventional and molecular breeding for crop improvement and control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination. Genetic improvement of crop resistance to drought stress is one component and will provide a good perspective on the efficacy of control strategy through genetic improvement. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.usda.gov NR 107 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 287 EP 312 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024095 PG 26 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300008 ER PT J AU Windham, GL Williams, WP Buckley, PM Abbas, HK AF Windham, GL Williams, WP Buckley, PM Abbas, HK TI Inoculation techniques used to quantify aflatoxin resistance in corn SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS EAR ROT; COLI BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; KERNEL INFECTION; MAIZE KERNELS; FIELD APPLICATION; EVALUATE MAIZE; FLAVUS; CONTAMINATION; HYBRIDS; GENOTYPES AB The development of Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques has played an important part in developing corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm resistant to aflatoxin contamination. Corn genotypes evaluated for aflatoxin resistance in field studies must be artificially inoculated due to the sporadic nature of aflatoxin contamination from year to year. A number of different inoculation techniques are used by researchers in the South and Midwest. Field inoculation techniques either wound developing kernels or leave the kernels intact. Non-wounding techniques apply A. flavus conidia to exposed silks or silks inside the husks without damaging kernels. Wounding techniques deliver A. flavus conidia onto kernels that have been mechanically damaged. Inoculation techniques utilizing ear feeding insects to vector conidia have also been used in field studies. Environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and drought stress appear to have a significant impact on artificial inoculations. Laboratory evaluation techniques have been developed to confirm aflatoxin resistance identified in corn genotypes in the field. Color mutants and transformants of Aspergillus spp. have been used in field and laboratory studies to identify resistant genotypes. More efficient, less labor intensive, and less costly inoculation techniques need to be developed to aid in the production of aflatoxin resistant corn hybrids. C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Windham, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024096 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300009 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF AF Dowd, PF TI Insect management to facilitate preharvest mycotoxin management SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; Fusarium; aflatoxin; fumonisin; deoxynivalenol; integrated pest management; Bt; Helicoverpa; Ostrinia; Carpophilus; maize; cotton; peanut ID CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; ENVIRONMENTALLY SELECTIVE CONTROL; TOBACCO ANIONIC PEROXIDASE; MALATHION FLOUR GRANULES; ZEA-MAYS L; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; BT-CORN; FUSARIUM-VERTICILLIOIDES; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; INDIRECT REDUCTION AB Many species of insects can facilitate the entry of mycotoxin-producing fungi to commodities such as cotton seed, maize, peanuts, and tree nuts. The mycotoxins most commonly associated with insect damage are aflatoxin and fumonisin. Insecticides will likely remain an important management tool, especially as predictive models for forecasting mycotoxigenic fungi or mycotoxins become available. Plants with high levels of resistance to insects that facilitate mycotoxins are likely to assist in mycotoxin management. Several studies now indicate Bt maize hybrids that express the protein throughout the plant can prevent fumonisin levels rising above guideline levels of 1-2 ppm when European corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis) are the predominant insect pests. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 89 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 327 EP 350 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024097 PG 24 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300010 ER PT J AU Horn, BW AF Horn, BW TI Ecology and population biology of aflatoxigenic fungi in soil SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; conidia; corn; cotton; genetic diversity; mycotoxins; peanut; sclerotia; soil ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS GROUP; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; CHEMICALLY-DEFINED MEDIUM; SECTION FLAVI; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; PEANUT FIELD; UNITED-STATES; NIGER GROUP; PREHARVEST INVASION; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID AB Soil serves as a reservoir for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, fungi that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities. Populations in soil are genetically diverse and individual genotypes show a clustered distribution pattern within fields. Surveys over large geographic regions suggest that climate and crop composition influence species density and aflatoxin-producing potential. Aflatoxigenic fungi reside in soil as conidia, sclerotia and hyphae, which act as primary inocula for directly infecting peanuts or for infecting aerial crops (corn, cottonseed, tree nuts) through wind and insect dispersal. Infected crops periodically replenish soil populations during drought years. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Horn, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 120 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 351 EP 379 DI 10.1081/TXR-120024098 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 718UR UT WOS:000185165300011 ER PT J AU Shier, WT Abbas, HK Abou-Karam, M Badria, FA Resch, PA AF Shier, WT Abbas, HK Abou-Karam, M Badria, FA Resch, PA TI Fumonisins: Abiogenic conversions of an environmental tumor promoter and common food contaminant SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Toxins and Natural Products in Honor of Professor Anthony T Yu CY NOV 17-19, 2002 CL OKINAWA, JAPAN DE mycotoxin; fumonisin; food contaminant; maize; cooking; nixtamalization ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHORT-TERM CARCINOGENESIS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURES; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; HYDROLYZED FUMONISIN; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; CORN PRODUCTS; N-(CARBOXYMETHYL)FUMONISIN B-1 AB Fumonisins are a series of sphingosine-analog mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticilhoides, a ubiquitous contaminant of stored corn (maize) world-wide. Extensive alterations in the structures of fumonisins are possible without complete loss of in vitro toxicity. Numerous laboratories have reported that fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) levels in corn-derived foods are reduced during roasting and frying. We have conducted radiotracer studies to determine the fate of tritium-labeled FB(1) added in laboratory models of corn flake manufacture (roasting), and tortilla chip manufacture (frying). These studies have confirmed that most, but not all, FB(1) is converted to other substances during cooking. Under roasting conditions the major conversion pathway resulted in radiolabeled FB(1) becoming covalently bound to proteins. Several lines of evidence supported a proposed role for FB(1)-anhydride, an intermediate formed by loss of water from a FB(1) side chain, which enabled the toxin to bind covalently to proteins by reacting with amino groups. Under nixtamalization/frying conditions in preheated cooking oil, both FB(1) and hydrolyzed FB(1) were efficiently N-fatty acylated to the corresponding ceramide derivatives, presumably by fatty acid anhydrides or other degradation products formed from the fat by non-oxidative thermal degradation. The N-fatty acylated fumonisin derivatives were efficiently extracted from the chips into the hot oil. We will not understand the full threat to food safety posed by the fumonisins until we know what they are converted to during cooking, and what is the toxicity of those conversion products. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Shier, WT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM shier001@tc.umn.edu NR 89 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 591 EP 616 DI 10.1081/TXR-120026916 PG 26 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 757KZ UT WOS:000187562600010 ER PT J AU Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI High dietary corn starch fructose compared with does not heighten changes in copper absorption, or status indicators in dietary copper SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; human nutrition; trace elements ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CELLULAR-COMPONENTS; ACID SUPPLEMENTS; YOUNG-PIGS; DEFICIENCY; ZINC; RATS; MEN; INDEXES AB In experimental animals, high dietary fructose exacerbates signs of copper deficiency in rats. Thus, an experiment was performed to determine whether high dietary fructose affected copper metabolism and copper status indicators in healthy men who were fed low dietary copper. Six men aged 27 to 37 years completed a metabolic unit study divided into four 7-week dietary periods with a randomized, double-blind, 2 x 2 factorial design with variables of 0.6 or 2.6 mg Cu/2500 kcal and fructose or corn starch as 20% of energy. Twice during each dietary period the men consumed a standardized breakfast meal labeled with 2.5 muCi Cu-67, then were counted daily in a whole-body counter for 3 weeks after each meal. At the end of each dietary period, blood was collected to assess copper status. Neither type of dietary carbohydrate nor intake of copper significantly affected Cu-67 absorption, but copper deprivation resulted in a negative copper balance. The source of dietary carbohydrate did not affect the biological half-life of copper, but it was significantly (P < 0.001) longer when dietary copper was low (35 +/- 11 d; mean +/- SD) than when supplemented (20 +/- 5 days). The natural log of the biological half-life directly correlated with plasma copper (r = 0.498; P = 0.001) and immunoreactive, or radial immunodiffusion, ceruloplasmin (RID Cp; r = 0.394; P = 0.013), and was inversely related to glutathione (r = -0.510, P = 0.03). When high dietary fructose was fed, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and RID Cp was lower, and the enzymatic ceruloplasmin/RID Cp ratio was higher during copper depletion than during repletion; just the opposite occurred when corn starch was fed. No other copper status indicator was affected by an interaction between dietary carbohydrate and copper or was heightened by high dietary fructose. The results indicate that men fed approximately 0.6 mg Cu/d for 7 weeks attempted to adapt to this low intake by retaining absorbed copper longer. The adaptation was inadequate because copper balance became negative. However, although copper status was decreased, the response of men to short-term dietary copper deprivation was not heightened by high dietary fructose. C1 ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GFHNRC, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1002/jtra.10021 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 641BL UT WOS:000180724200003 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR Domek, JM Nair, PP Bhathena, SJ AF Turnlund, JR Domek, JM Nair, PP Bhathena, SJ TI Copper retention in intestinal mucosal cells of young men at normal and high copper intakes SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE copper; intestinal mucosa; retention ID STABLE-ISOTOPE CU-65; DIETARY COPPER; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION AB The role of intestinal cells in copper homeostasis and storage has not been studied. Homeostasis is regulated by absorption, excretion, and storage. Copper is excreted via the bile, and it has been assumed that the increased excretion into the gastrointestinal tract when diets are high in copper was due to biliary copper. It seemed possible that some of the absorbed copper is sequestered in the intestinal cells. To test this hypothesis we measured the copper content of mucosal epithelial cells isolated from stool samples of 8 young men when consuming their usual diets and after 129 days of supplementation with 7 mg/day copper. The mean copper content of the cells, expressed as mg copper per gram of cell protein, was 0.78 versus 1.65 mg/g (SEM 0.19) (P < 0.02) when the usual and copper-supplemented diets, respectively, were consumed. In contrast to the copper content of plasma and urine, copper in intestinal cells increased significantly when intake was high. It is likely that copper was sequestered by these cells following absorption and did not get into systemic circulation. Thus, the amount of endogenous copper in stools is probably a combination of biliary copper excretion and copper sequestered in exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells. This suggests that retention of copper by the intestinal cells increases when dietary copper is high and plays a role in copper homeostasis. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, San Francisco, CA 94116 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Human Nutr, Dept Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 2276 Great Highway, San Francisco, CA 94116 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1002/jtra.10031 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 706YE UT WOS:000184482000006 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, CD TI Dietary boron: An overview of the evidence for its role in immune function SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE boron; immune function; boron essentiality; natural killer cells; boroesters ID GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSPEPTIDASE; PANAX-GINSENG MEYER,C.A.; BORIC-ACID; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-II; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; SORANGIUM-CELLULOSUM; METABOLIC PRODUCTS; BORATE; BOROMYCIN; GROWTH AB This review summarizes the evidence for boron essentiality across the biological spectrum with special focus on biochemical pathways and biomolecules relevant to immune function. Boron is an essential trace element for at least some organisms in each of the phylogenetic kingdoms Eubacteria, Stramenopila (brown algae and diatoms), Viridiplantae (green algae and familiar green plants), Fungi, and Animalia. Discovery of several of the currently recognized boron-containing biomolecules was achieved because the bound boron formed four coordinate covalent bonds with the ligand, creating a thermodynamically stable complex that is almost undissociable in water. Boron is a constitutive element in three antibiotics and a quorum-sensing signal in bacteria. It enhances Fe receptor expression and interleukin-6 production in cultured mammalian macrophages. Boron binds tightly to the diadenosine polyphosphates and inhibits the in vitro activities of various serine protease and oxidoreductase enzymes. Physiological amounts of dietary boron decrease skinfold thickness after antigen injection in gilts and elevated circulating natural killer cells after adjuvant injection in rats. It is predicted that several boron biomolecules waiting discovery are signaling molecules that interact with the cell surface and are probably composed of two mirror or near-mirror halves stabilized by a single boron atom to form a large circular biomolecule. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 76 TC 34 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1002/jtra.10041 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 739EJ UT WOS:000186329600014 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, EO TI Arsenic essentiality: A role affecting methionine metabolism SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE methyl metabolism; DNA methylation; S-adenosylmethionine; S-adenosylhomocysteine ID AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS; DNA METHYLATION; CELL-FUNCTION; FEMALE RATS; IN-VIVO; DEPRIVATION; LIVER; DEFICIENCY; SELENIUM; RODENTS AB Although there is no known biological function of arsenic, considerable evidence suggests that arsenic has a physiological role related to methionine metabolism. In early studies using amino acid-based diets, it was found that arsenic deprivation had little effect on growth in rats fed adequate methionine. However, in rats fed suboptimal methionine, arsenic deprivation resulted in a significant reduction in body weight. Other studies showed that feeding methyl depletors caused severe signs of arsenic deprivation. Because it was found that alteration in methionine status or methyl metabolism affected signs of arsenic deprivation, and that many of these signs were related to methionine or methyl metabolism, it was hypothesized that arsenic has a physiological role affecting methionine metabolism. In animal studies testing this hypothesis, it was shown that arsenic deprivation reduces the hepatic concentration of S-adenosylmethionine. Additionally, arsenic status affects DNA methylation in animal and cell culture models; very low or high doses of arsenic, compared with control amounts, result in an apparent hypomethylation of DNA. Because global DNA hypomethylation is associated with an increased incidence of cancer, we tested whether dietary arsenic (deficient, adequate, or excess; 0, 0.5 or 50 mug arsenic/g diet, respectively) would affect the formation of aberrant crypts in rats treated with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Aberrant crypts are preneoplastic lesions that have been associated with colon carcinomas. More aberrant crypts were observed in rats fed the high amount of dietary arsenic compared to those fed adequate arsenic. The number of aberrant crypts in the arsenic-deprived group also tended to be higher than those found in rats fed adequate arsenic. Thus, many findings indicate that arsenic plays a role in methionine/methyl metabolism; however, the site of action of arsenic remains unknown. Possibly, arsenic is instrumental in maintaining the metabolic pool of S-adenosylmethioninc. These results show that compared to controlled amounts, having too little or too much arsenic in the diet is harmful. That is, there is an amount of dietary arsenic that is not only not harmful, but beneficial. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1002/jtra.10044 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 739EJ UT WOS:000186329600017 ER PT J AU Irwin, K Schumacher, B AF Irwin, Kelly Schumacher, Bruce TI AN ADDITIONAL RECORD OF A POLYCOTYLID PLESIOSAUR FROM THE UPPER CAMPANIAN OF NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Irwin, Kelly] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Benton, AR USA. [Schumacher, Bruce] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Junta, CO USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2003 VL 23 SU 3 SI SI BP 65A EP 65A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V33OT UT WOS:000209028800223 ER PT J AU Schumacher, B AF Schumacher, Bruce TI NEW TRACK WAYS OF MAGNOAVIPES: FURTHER EVIDENCE OF GREGARIOUS BEHAVIOR IN SMALL CRETACEOUS THEROPOD DINOSAURS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schumacher, Bruce] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Junta, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2003 VL 23 SU 3 SI SI BP 94A EP 94A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V33OT UT WOS:000209028800404 ER PT J AU Shimada, K Parkin, JA Palermo, JM Schumacher, BA AF Shimada, Kenshu Parkin, Jennifer A. Palermo, Jaclyn M. Schumacher, Bruce A. TI LATE CRETACEOUS MARINE VERTEBRATES FROM THE BASAL GREENHORN LIMESTONE IN SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shimada, Kenshu; Parkin, Jennifer A.; Palermo, Jaclyn M.] Depaul Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Shimada, Kenshu; Parkin, Jennifer A.; Palermo, Jaclyn M.] Depaul Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Schumacher, Bruce A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, La Junta, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2003 VL 23 SU 3 SI SI BP 96A EP 96A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V33OT UT WOS:000209028800416 ER PT J AU Li, H Wunschmann, A Keller, J Hall, DG Crawford, TB AF Li, H Wunschmann, A Keller, J Hall, DG Crawford, TB TI Caprine herpesvirus-2-associated malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS-INFECTION; GAMMAHERPESVIRUS; RUMINANTS; ANTIBODY; GOATS; PCR AB A subacute disease presenting primarily as alopecia and weight loss occurred in 2 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on farms in Minnesota and in Texas. A presumptive diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was made on the basis of histological lesions. Antibody against an epitope conserved among the MCF group viruses was detected in the serum of both deer. DNA samples from the deer were subjected to a variety of PCR amplifications. Alignment of the amplified sequences from the diseased animals revealed that they were 100% identical to each other and to the same DNA fragment from the newly recognized member of the MCF virus group endemic in domestic goats (Capra hircus), provisionally named caprine herpesvirus 2 (CpHV-2). A seroprevalence survey from one of the deer farms showed a high rate of subclincal infection in the deer population. This study provides further confirmation that CpHV-2 is a pathogen, at least for deer, and emphasizes the risk of loss from MCF when mixing cervids with goats. C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Vet Med Diagnost Lab, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 667VU UT WOS:000182255800009 PM 12580295 ER PT J AU O'Toole, D de Leon, AAP Hearne, C McHolland, L Yun, L Tabachnick, W AF O'Toole, D de Leon, AAP Hearne, C McHolland, L Yun, L Tabachnick, W TI Papular dermatitis induced in guinea pigs by the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID VARIIPENNIS; VECTOR; BLUETONGUE AB Histological, ultrastructural, and virological examinations were performed on abdominal skin from guinea pigs after a blood meal by colony-bred biting midges, Culicoides sonorersis. Small, superficial, cutaneous, crateriform ulcers with necrosis of superficial dermis developed at feeding sites and healed within 24-48 hours. Animals developed nonprurific erythematous papules 5 days after feeding that persisted until the study ended at 12 days after feeding. Papules corresponded histologically to foci of epidermal hyperplasia and superficial interstitial dermatitis with intraepidermal micropustules and scattered intraepidermal polykaryons. The principal ultrastructural changes were spongiosis in germinal epithelium and neutrophilic-histiocytic exocytosis. No viral agents or broken mouthparts were identified in lesions. The dermatitis may represent a host reaction to persisting insect salivary secretion and should be considered as an additional consequence of blood feeding in future studies involving biting midges. C1 Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, USDA, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP O'Toole, D (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 667VU UT WOS:000182255800015 PM 12580301 ER PT J AU Frye, MA Bright, JM Dargatz, DA Fettman, MJ Frisbie, DD Baker, DC Traub-Dargatz, JL AF Frye, MA Bright, JM Dargatz, DA Fettman, MJ Frisbie, DD Baker, DC Traub-Dargatz, JL TI A comparison of dobutamine infusion to exercise as a cardiac stress test in healthy horses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiac function; exercise intolerance; pharmacologic cardiac stress testing ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CONTRACTION BAND LESIONS; ANESTHETIZED HORSES; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DOGS; HALOTHANE; NECROSIS; PERFORMANCE; ISCHEMIA; DOPAMINE AB This study was done to determine whether administration of dobutamine would produce echocardiographic and electrocardiographic alterations comparable to those induced by treadmill exercise in healthy horses. Fourteen horses received maximal treadmill exercise and, separately. intravenous dobutamine infusion up to a maximum rate of 50 mug/kg/min. Ten of the 14 horses were euthanized, and the myocardial tissues were examined grossly and histopathologically. No significant differences were found in the chronotropic effects of dobutamine and exercise (P = .905). Dobutamine induced greater interventricular septal thickening during systole (dobutamine = 4.78 cm, exercise 4.03 cm P = .004), and greater left ventricular diameters during diastole (dobutamine = 9.73 cm, exercise = 9.26 cm: P = .037), than did exercise treatment. Horses exhibited transient signs of sweating and restlessness during infusion of moderate to maximum doses of dobutamine. Ventricular ectopy seen in I I of 14 horses was attributed to the arrhythmogenic properties of dobutamine, as well as to increased vagal tone present at low dobutamine doses. Myocardial lesions characteristic of catecholamine myotoxicity were present in 2 of the 10 horses examined. Although dobutamine induces chronotropic and inotropic changes similar to those induced by exercise, the use of high-dose dobutamine as a cardiac stressor in horses cannot be advocated because of potential development of arrhythmias or myotoxicity. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Equine Orthoped Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Frye, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, 4200 E 9th,SON 3928, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RI Frye, Melinda/F-7756-2012 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2003)017<0058:ACODIT>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635CH UT WOS:000180379900008 PM 12564728 ER PT J AU Chinsangaram, J Moraes, MP Koster, M Grubman, MJ AF Chinsangaram, J Moraes, MP Koster, M Grubman, MJ TI Novel viral disease control strategy: Adenovirus expressing alpha interferon rapidly protects swine from foot-and-mouth disease SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; CULTURE; CATTLE; MICE AB We have previously shown that replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly sensitive to alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). In the present study, we constructed recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 vectors containing either porcine IFN-alpha or IFN-beta (Ad5-pIFNalpha or Ad5-pIFNbeta). We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. Swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 h later with FMDV developed typical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. In contrast, swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of Ad5-pIFNalpha were completely protected when challenged 24 h later with FMDV. These animals showed no clinical signs of FMD and no viremia and did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural proteins, suggesting that complete protection from infection was achieved. C1 USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NAA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 23 TC 112 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 1621 EP 1625 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1621-1625.2003 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 631KH UT WOS:000180166600083 PM 12502879 ER PT J AU Bowden, DC White, GC Franklin, AB Ganey, JL AF Bowden, DC White, GC Franklin, AB Ganey, JL TI Estimating population size with correlated sampling unit estimates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; closed population estimation; finite population sample theory; Huggins estimator; mark-recapture; mark-resight; Mexican spotted owl; New Mexico; program MARK; ratio estimator; Strix occidentalis lucida ID MODEL SELECTION; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS AB Finite population sampling theory is useful in estimating total population size (abundance) from abundance estimates of each sampled unit (quadrat). We develop estimators that allow correlated quadrat abundance estimates, even for quadrats in different sampling strata. Correlated quadrat abundance estimates based on mark-recapture or distance sampling methods occur when data are pooled across quadrats to estimate, for example, capture probability parameters or sighting functions. When only minimal information is available from each quadrat, pooling of data across quadrats may be necessary to efficiently estimate capture probabilities or sighting functions. We further include information from a quadrat-based auxiliary variable to more precisely estimate total population size via a ratio estimator. We also provide variance estimators for the difference between or the ratio of 2 abundance estimates, taken at different times. We present an example based on estimating the number of Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) in the Upper Gila Mountains Recovery Unit, Arizona and, New Mexico, USA. Owl abundance for each quadrat was estimated with a Huggins 4-pass mark-resight population estimator, but with initial capture and resighting probabilities modeled in common across all sample quadrats. Pooling mark-resight data across quadrats was necessary because few owls were marked on individual quadrats to estimate quadrat-specific capture probabilities. Model-based estimates of owl abundance for each quadrat necessitated variance estimation procedures that take into account correlated quadrat estimates. An auxiliary variable relating to topographic roughness of sampled quadrats provided a useful covariate for a ratio estimator. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorada Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bowden, DC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dbowden@stat.colostate.edu NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.2307/3803055 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200001 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, JF Everett, RL Schellhaas, R Ohlson, P Keenum, D Riesterer, H Spurbeck, D AF Lehmkuhl, JF Everett, RL Schellhaas, R Ohlson, P Keenum, D Riesterer, H Spurbeck, D TI Cavities in snags along a wildfire chronosequence in eastern Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abies lasiocarpa; Cascade Range; cavity occurrence; Douglas-fir; lodgepole pine; Pinus contorta; Pinus ponderosa; ponderosa pine; Pseudotsuga menziesii; snags; subalpine fir; Washington ID DYNAMICS; SELECTION; FORESTS AB We sampled occurrence of bird-excavated cavities in snags in a chronosequcnce of 26 wildfire burns (ages 1-81 years) on the east slope of the Washington Cascade Range, USA. Cavities occurred in 5.5% of the 1,867 recorded snags; most (69%) were in burns <20 years old. Cavities occurred at higher rates in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, 28%) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, 8.4%) snags than in snags of other tree species (less than or equal to5%). Few or no cavities were found in large samples (n > 250) of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa; 0.2%) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta; 0.0%) snags. Cavities occurred in about 4% of the small samples (n < 100) of Engelmarm spruce (Picea engelmannii; n = 48) and western larch (Larix occidentalis; n = 74) snags. Large diameter, burn age :20 years, soft-decay condition (Class 3+ :), broken-top condition, and moderate height were important predictors of cavities in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir snags. Cavity-bearing ponderosa pine snags were best characterized as largediameter (>34 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) snags >2 m tall and located in middle-age to older burns (>19 years old). Cross-validated accuracy of the classification tree model was 97% for cavity snags and 82% for snags without cavities. Cavity-bearing Douglas-fir snags were best characterized as large-diameter snags (>33 cm dbh), or as smaller soft snags (Class 4, 5) at elevations <1,200 m. Accuracy of the classification tree model was 88% and 73% for snags with and without cavities, respectively. In burns <20 years old, Douglas-fir snags with broken tops had higher cavity excavation rates (6%) than snags with whole tops (0.25%). Aspect, slope, slope position, and elevation had negligible or no value for classification. To ensure good post-fire snag habitat, manage pre-fire green stands for tree species, large size, defect (e.g., broken tops), and spatial pattern that will provide cavity snags in short and long terms. When salvaging burns, retain snags with defects incurred prior to fire, especially broken tops, and large-diameter snags of species known to be most suitable for cavity excavation in that area. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 Northwestern Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.2307/3803077 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200023 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Smith, JH Smith, ER Jones, KB Neale, AC AF Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Smith, JH Smith, ER Jones, KB Neale, AC TI Upstream-to-downstream changes in nutrient export risk SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; in-stream nutrient decay; modeling; nitrogen; phosphorus; pollution; watersheds ID PREDICTING NUTRIENT; PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; NITROGEN BUDGET; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; WATERSHEDS; RIVER; DENITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Nutrient export coefficients are estimates of the mass of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) normalized by area and time (e.g., kg/ha/yr). They have been estimated most often for watersheds ranging in size from 10(2) to 10(4) hectares, and have been recommended as measurements to inform management decisions. At this scale, watersheds are often nested upstream and downstream components of larger drainage basins, suggesting nutrient export coefficients will change from one subwatershed to the next. Nutrient export can be modeled as risk where lack of monitoring data prevents empirical estimation. We modeled N and P export risk for subwatersheds of larger drainage basins, and examined spatial changes in risk from upstream to downstream watersheds. Spatial (subwatershed) changes in N and P risk were a function of in-stream decay, subwatershed land-cover composition, and subwatershed streamlength. Risk tended to increase in a downstream direction under low rates of in-stream decay, whereas high rates of in-stream decay often reduced risk to zero (0) toward downstream subwatersheds. On average, increases in the modeled rate of in-stream decay reduced risk by 0.44 for N and 0.39 for P. Interactions between in-stream decay, land-cover composition and streamlength produced dramatic changes in risk across subwatersheds in some cases. Comparison of the null cases of no in-stream decay and homogeneously forested subwatersheds with extant conditions indicated that complete forest cover produced greater reductions in nutrient export risk than a high in-stream decay rate, especially for P. High rates of in-stream decay and complete forest cover produced approximately equivalent reductions in N export risk for downstream subwatersheds. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. ONeill Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD 243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 195 EP 208 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 694JB UT WOS:000183770300008 ER PT J AU Turner, MG Pearson, SM Bolstad, P Wear, DN AF Turner, MG Pearson, SM Bolstad, P Wear, DN TI Effects of land-cover change on spatial pattern of forest communities in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE building density; forest communities; land-cover change; land-use change; landscape change; southern appalachians; spatial analysis ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; NATURE CONSERVANCY; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; WATER-QUALITY; PATCH-SIZE; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB Understanding the implications of past, present and future patterns of human land use for biodiversity and ecosystem function is increasingly important in landscape ecology. We examined effects of land-use change on four major forest communities of the Southern Appalachian Mountains (USA), and addressed two questions: (1) Are forest communities differentially susceptible to loss and fragmentation due to human land use? (2) Which forest communities are most likely to be affected by projected future land cover changes? In four study landscapes, maps of forest cover for four time periods (1950, 1970, 1990, and projections for 2030) were combined with maps of potential forest types to measure changes in the extent and spatial pattern of northern hardwoods, cove hardwoods, mixed hardwoods, and oak-pine. Overall, forest cover increased and forest fragmentation declined in all four study areas between 1950 and 1990. Among forest community types, cove hardwoods and oak-pine communities were most affected by land-cover change. Relative to its potential, cove hardwoods occupied only 30-40% of its potential area in two study landscapes in the 1950s, and oak-pine occupied similar to 50% of its potential area; cove hardwoods remained reduced in extent and number of patches in the 1990s. Changes in northern hardwoods, which are restricted to high elevations and occur in small patches, were minimal. Mixed hardwoods were the dominant and most highly connected forest community type, occupying between 47 and 70% of each study area. Projected land-cover changes suggest ongoing reforestation in less populated regions but declining forest cover in rapidly developing areas. Building density in forest habitats also increased during the study period and is projected to increase in the future; cove hardwoods and northern hardwoods may be particularly vulnerable. Although increases in forest cover will provide additional habitat for native species, increases in building density within forests may offset some of these gains. Species-rich cove hardwood communities are likely to be most vulnerable to future land-use change. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Mars Hill Coll, Dept Biol, Mars Hill, NC 28754 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010 NR 77 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1023/A:1026033116193 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 730JG UT WOS:000185827200001 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Laencina, J AF Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Laencina, J TI Deaeration and pasteurization effects on the orange juice aromatic fraction SO LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT UND-TECHNOLOGIE-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volatile; flavor; aroma; SDE; orange juice ID FLAVOR; FRESH; STORAGE; CONSTITUENTS; PRODUCTS AB A comparative study between the aromatic profile in fresh orange juice versus deaerated and pasteurized juices, respectively, was conducted in order to understand the evolution of volatile components after deaeration and pasteurization processes. The aromatic fractions isolated by simultaneous distillation and extraction were analysed by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. At the qualitative level all the volatile components in fresh orange juice were also found in the counterparts after deaeration and pasteurization processes. According to statistical analyses, significant losses in concentration of volatile components occurred during the deaeration process, while there were no statistically significant differences determined among concentrations of volatile components in deaerated and pasteurized juices. These results show that during the industrial processing of orange juice the biggest losses in the concentration of volatile components occurs during deaeration. The pasteurization process does not change the analytical composition of deaerated orange juice in a significant way for any of the 42 quantitated compounds. (C) 2003 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Murcia, Dept Food Technol, Fac Vet, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0023-6438 J9 LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL JI Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.-Food Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00041-0 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 670CC UT WOS:000182389000002 ER PT J AU Li, CL Zinn, HC Barro, SC Manfredo, MJ AF Li, CL Zinn, HC Barro, SC Manfredo, MJ TI A cross-regional comparison of recreation patterns of older hunters SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 02-04, 2000 CL BOLTON LANDING, NEW YORK SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stat, Westfield Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, West Virginia Univ DE consumptive recreation; non-consumptive recreation; recreation trends; regional differences; socio-demographic trends ID LEISURE ACTIVITIES; AGE AB We studied outdoor recreation patterns among older hunting license holders in Pennsylvania and Colorado to better understand aspects of five trends that promise to impact outdoor recreation preferences, behavior, and management priorities: Sunbelt population growth, declining residential stability, urbanization, aging, and increasing levels of formal education. Results of our mail survey showed that the samples were similar in age, gender, and ethnicity, but Pennsylvania respondents were more likely to have lived their entire lives in the state and had spent more of their adult lives in rural areas. On the other hand, Pennsylvania respondents were less likely to have attended school beyond high school. Pennsylvania respondents hunted more frequently and were more likely to gather wild foods. Colorado respondents were more likely to fish, and they participated in more nonconsumptive activities. Education, rural/urban differences, and residential stability had a limited ability to predict differences in consumptive activities. Age, education, and residential stability predicted differences in nonconsumptive activities. Results suggest that cultural differences between regions may be more important than socio-demographic characteristics for understanding of outdoor recreation patterns in the past, present, and future. C1 Penn State Univ, Recreat & Pk Management Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. Colorado State Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Li, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Recreat & Pk Management Program, 201 Mateer Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1080/01490400390153939 PG 16 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 642ZJ UT WOS:000180837100001 ER PT J AU Kyle, GT Absher, JD Graefe, AR AF Kyle, GT Absher, JD Graefe, AR TI The moderating role of place attachment on the relationship between attitudes toward fees and spending preferences SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fee attitudes; place attachment; social judgment theory ID COGNITIVE RESPONSES; INVOLVEMENT; PERSUASION; USERS AB The variable, place attachment, has recently been used by investigators to assist in understanding visitor responses to fee programs on public lands. This paper examines the relationship between place attachment (i.e., place identity and place dependence), attitudes toward paying fees, and visitor preferences for spending fee revenue within the context of social judgment theory. It was hypothesized that both place dependence and place identity would moderate the relationship between recreationists' attitudes toward the site's fee program and visitor support for spending revenue generated by the fee program in the areas of facilities and service development, environmental protection, and environmental education. Data were collected at Mono Basin Scenic Area over the summer of 1998. Results indicated that only place identity was a statistically significant moderator, such that it magnified the relationship between recreationists' attitudes toward the fee program and spending support. As place identity increased and recreationists' attitudes toward the fee program became more positive, support for spending fee revenue also increased. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Pks Recreat & Tourism Management Program, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Penn State Univ, Leisure Studies Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RP Kyle, GT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Pks Recreat & Tourism Management Program, 263 Lehotsky Hall,Box 340735, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM gerard@clemson.edu OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020 NR 48 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1080/01490400390153957 PG 18 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 642ZJ UT WOS:000180837100003 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Shollenberger, LM AF Liao, CH Shollenberger, LM TI Survivability and long-term preservation of bacteria in water and in phosphate-buffered saline SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pathogens; preservation; saline; water ID SOFT ROTS; MARKETS; VEGETABLES; STRAINS; PRODUCE AB Aims: To evaluate the suitability of using sterile water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for preservation of bacteria pathogenic to plants or humans. Methods and Results: The stationary-phase bacterial cells collected from rich agar media were transferred to 10 ml of sterile water or PBS (pH 7.2) containing KH2 PO4, 15.44 mu m; NaCl, 1.55 mm; Na-2 HPO4, 27.09 mu m in a screw-cap tube. The tubes were sealed with parafilm membranes and stored in the dark and at room temperature. Almost all the bacteria tested (148 strains), including Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. viridiflava, Erwinia spp., Xanthomonas campestris, Cytophaga johnsonae, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, survived in water for at least several months and up to 16 years. A vast majority of the Gram-negative bacteria tested survived equally well in water and in PBS for at least 30 weeks. However, the populations of two Gram-positive bacteria [G(+)], L. monocytogenes and Staph. aureus, declined more rapidly in water than in PBS. Conclusions: Plant- and human-pathogenic bacteria can be preserved in pure water or PBS for several years. G(+) bacteria appear to survive better in PBS than in water. Significance and Impact of the Study: The method described here is a simple and economical means for preservation of bacterial cultures, which is especially useful for laboratories not equipped with the lyophilizer or ultra-low freezer. Long-term survival of food-borne pathogens in water underlines the importance of water as a potential vehicle for transmitting the diseases. C1 ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Shollenberger, Lisa/A-1826-2009 OI Shollenberger, Lisa/0000-0002-0943-0838 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01345.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 689VG UT WOS:000183513200009 PM 12803555 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK AF Juneja, VK TI A comparative heat inactivation study of indigenous microflora in beef with that of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella serotypes and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; heat resistance; indigenous microflora; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella ID OUTBREAK; FOODS AB Aims: Thermal inactivation of a mixture of five strains of Listeria monocytogenes, four strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and eight serotypes of Salmonella were compared with that of indigenous microflora in 75% lean ground beef. Methods and Results: Inoculated meat was packaged in bags that were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5 and 60 degreesC for predetermined lengths of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating heat-treated samples onto tryptic soya agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. D-values, determined by linear regression, in beef were 77.49, 21.9, and 10.66 min at 55, 57.5, and 60 degreesC, respectively, for indigenous microflora ( z = 5.81 degreesC). When either of the three pathogens were heated in beef, their D-values calculated were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than those of indigenous microflora at all temperatures. The slope of the thermal death time curve for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7 and indigenous microflora were similar. Using a survival model for nonlinear survival curves, the D-1-values at all temperatures for L. monocytogenes were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) compared with those for Salmonella serotypes, E. coli O157: H7 or indigenous microflora. However, higher recovery of a subpopulation of the indigenous microflora in beef exposed to heating at 55, 57.5 or 60 degreesC resulted in significantly higher ( P < 0.05) D-2-values at all three temperatures, compared with those of the three pathogens at the same test temperatures. Conclusions: If the thermal process is designed to ensure destruction of indigenous microbial flora, it should also provide an adequate degree of protection against L. monocytogenes, Salmonella serotypes or E. coli O157: H7. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study will assist the retail food industry in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety, without introducing pathogens in a retail food environment, against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella in cooked ground beef. C1 ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01393.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 719VK UT WOS:000185225600004 PM 12969491 ER PT J AU McEvoy, JM Doherty, AM Sheridan, JJ Bailey, DG Blair, IS McDowell, DA AF McEvoy, JM Doherty, AM Sheridan, JJ Bailey, DG Blair, IS McDowell, DA TI The effects of treating bovine hide with steam at subatmospheric pressure on bacterial numbers and leather quality SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beef; contamination; hide; leather; steam ID BEEF CARCASSES; SLAUGHTERED BEEF; CATTLE HIDES; DECONTAMINATION; PASTEURIZATION; CONTAMINATION; POPULATIONS; REDUCTION; PATHOGENS; MEAT AB Aims: To examine the effect of subatmospheric steam treatment on total viable counts ( TVCs) on bovine hide and on the quality of derived leather. Methods and Results: Pieces of bovine hide were heated to 75 degreesC (+/- 2 degreesC) ( n = 3) or 80 degreesC ( +/- 2 degreesC) ( n = 3) for periods of 1, 10 or 20 s by the application of steam at subatmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale apparatus. Treated hide pieces and untreated controls were tanned and the quality of leather was assessed. Treatment at 80 degreesC (T80) reduced the TVC on hide pieces by 2.95 ( 1 s), 3.33 ( 10 s) and 3.99 ( 20 s) log(10) CFU cm(-2) ( P > 0.05). Treatment at 75 degreesC (T75) reduced the TVC on hide pieces by 1.87 (1 s), 2.51 (10 s) and 2.56 (20 s) log(10) CFU cm(-2) (P > 0.05). The grain on all treated hides was damaged resulting in sueding on derived leather. Sueding was observed on 100% of surfaces from T80-treated samples and on 18 ( 1 s) to 84% ( 20 s) of the surfaces of T75 samples. Conclusions: The magnitude of TVC reductions achieved using T75 and T80 could limit the impact and scale of contamination transfer to the carcass during dehiding. However, because of the sueding observed on derived leather, it is unlikely that either T75 or T80 would be a commercially valid operation during routine slaughter operations. Significance and Impact of the Study: Hide decontamination would provide an important critical control point for beef processing, however there are currently no commercially available treatments. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. Univ Ulster, Sch Appl Med Sci, Newtownabbey, North Ireland. RP McEvoy, JM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Van Es Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01406.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 719VK UT WOS:000185225600014 PM 12969501 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, AC Edrington, TS Looper, ML Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Bischoff, KM McReynolds, JL Thomas, JD Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Fitzgerald, AC Edrington, TS Looper, ML Callaway, TR Genovese, KJ Bischoff, KM McReynolds, JL Thomas, JD Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Antimicrobial susceptibility and factors affecting the shedding of E-coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella in dairy cattle SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; dairy cattle; foodborne pathogens ID DRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; CALIFORNIA DAIRIES; RISK-FACTORS; BEEF-CATTLE; PREVALENCE; COWS; FARMS; PERFORMANCE; OUTBREAK; STRESS AB Aims: To examine factors affecting faecal shedding of the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in dairy cattle and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. Methods: Faecal samples were obtained in replicate from lactating (LAC; n = 60) and non-lactating (NLAC; n = 60) Holstein cattle to determine influence of heat stress, parity, lactation status (LAC vs NLAC) and stage of lactation [less than or equal to60 or >60 days in milk (DIM)] and cultured for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. A portion of the recovered isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution technique. Results: No effects of heat stress were observed. Lactating cows shed more (P < 0.01) E. coli O157:H7 than NLAC cows (43% vs 32%, respectively). Multiparous LAC cows tended to shed more (P = 0.06) Salmonella than primiparous LAC cows (39% vs 27%, respectively). Parity did not influence (P > 0.10) bacterial shedding in NLAC cows. Cows less than or equal to60 DIM shed more (P < 0.05) Salmonella than cows >60 DIM. Seventeen Salmonella serotypes were identified with the most prevalent being Senftenberg (18%), Newport (17%) and Anatum (15%). Seventy-nine of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the seven antibiotics. Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to 11 different antibiotics with multiple resistance to nine or more antibiotics observed in five isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated differences in the shedding patterns of foodborne pathogens due to the stage of the milk production cycle and may help identify times when on-farm pathogen control would be the most effective. C1 ARS, Food & Fedd Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Fedd Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01417.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 733EZ UT WOS:000185988100007 PM 14633110 ER PT J AU Ziemer, CJ Steadham, SR AF Ziemer, CJ Steadham, SR TI Evaluation of the specificity of Salmonella PCR primers using various intestinal bacterial species SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE faeces; manure; PCR; pig; Salmonella ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MANURE STORAGE PITS; SENSITIVE DETECTION; RAPID DETECTION; GENE SEQUENCE; SWINE FECES; SEROVARS; FOOD; TYPHIMURIUM; MULTIPLEX AB Aims: Nine sets of PCR primers targeting Salmonella were evaluated for their specificity with pure cultures of intestinal-associated bacteria prior to their application to Salmonella detection in faecal samples. Methods and Results: Gene targets of PCR primers included: 16S rDNA, a Salmonella pathogenicity island I virulence gene, Salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn), invA gene, Fur-regulated gene, histidine transport operon, junction between SipB and SipC virulence genes, Salmonella-specific repetitive DNA fragment, and multiplex targeting invA gene and spvC gene of the virulence plasmid. Fifty-two Salmonella strains were used to determine sensitivity; five strains from related genera and 45 intestinal bacteria were used to evaluate specificity. All primers amplified DNA from Salmonella strains, although two primer sets failed to amplify Salmonella DNA from either Salmonella bongori (hilA) or subgroups VI or VII (16S rDNA). There was no detected amplification of DNA from related bacterial genera with any of nine PCR assays. Six of the PCR assays amplified DNA for some intestinal bacteria. Conclusions: Only three primer pairs were determined to be suitable for application of PCR amplification of Salmonella in faecal samples - 16S rDNA, stn and histidine transport operon. We are currently evaluating their sensitivity of detection of Salmonella in faecal samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated the importance of internal lab validation of PCR primers prior to application to the type of samples of interest. Information from this evaluation can be applied in other labs to facilitate choosing Salmonella PCR primers. C1 ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ziemer, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, USDA, 2202 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01430.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 745QC UT WOS:000186698500008 PM 14633100 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Shollenberger, LM AF Liao, CH Shollenberger, LM TI Detection of Salmonella by indicator agar media and PCR as affected by alfalfa seed homogenates and native bacteria SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa seed; homogenates; indicator agars; PCR; Salmonella ID FOODS; MSRV AB Aims: To investigate and prevent the undesirable effect of native bacteria and alfalfa seed homogenates on detection of Salmonell a in alfalfa seeds by indicator agar media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods and Results: The relative sensitivity of five indicator agar media, including modified semisolid RV (MSRV), xylose-lysine-Tergitol 4 (XLT4), Hektoen enteric agar (HEA), brilliant green agar (BGA) and bismuth sulphite agar (BSA), for detection of Salmonella in the presence of a large number of native bacteria from alfalfa seeds was examined. The detection limit as measured by the ratio between the numbers of native bacteria and Salmonella was estimated to be 10(6) to 1 for MSRV and 10(3) to 1 for XLT4, HEA, BGA or BSA. Presence of alfalfa seed homogenates markedly reduced the sensitivity of Salmonella detection by PCR. The minimal number of Salmonella detectable by PCR was determined to be 1-10 and 100-1000 CFU in the absence and presence of seed homogenate, respectively. Application of anti-Salmonella immunomagnetic beads permitted detection of 2-5 CFU of heat-injured cells in 25 g of seeds within 24 h by PCR. Conclusions: The MSRV medium is more sensitive than other indicator agars for detecting a small number of motile Salmonella in samples containing a large number of native bacteria. Application of immunomagnetic beads eliminates the PCR-inhibitory activity of seed homogenates and improves the detection of Salmonella in inoculated seeds. Significance and Impact: The results generated from this study will aid the seed distributors, sprout growers and public health officials to identify and recall the Salmonella -contaminated seed lots to be used for sprout production. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RI Shollenberger, Lisa/A-1826-2009 OI Shollenberger, Lisa/0000-0002-0943-0838 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01284.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 643FT UT WOS:000180851800006 PM 12581374 ER PT J AU Hudson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson-Hall, MC Hiott, LM AF Hudson, CR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Jackson-Hall, MC Hiott, LM TI Anomalies in species identification of enterococci from veterinary sources using a commercial biochemical identification system SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterococci; genus; species; identification; BBL Crystal Kit; veterinary ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; TEST SCHEME AB Aims: A commercial biochemical panel ID kit was used to identify presumptive enterococci isolates of veterinary or agricultural origin obtained during different steps of culture. Methods and Results: Fifty isolates identified as enterococci using a genus PCR assay were tested for genus and species identification using the BBL Crystal Identification Gram-Positive ID kit (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA). Following sub-culture of the isolates three times, 59% agreement with the original panel ID was obtained. After four and six sub-cultures, percentage agreement increased to 61 and 64%, respectively. Nineteen of the 50 cultures were identified as both Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium . Conclusions: As a result of the variability between speciation of isolates following re-culture, additional methods for speciation are warranted. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that the identification of the genus and species of non-human enterococcal isolates can vary greatly during successive passages when using this kit. C1 ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hudson, CR (reprint author), ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 657DL UT WOS:000181650100012 PM 12641720 ER PT S AU Lerch, RN Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Zablotowicz, RM AF Lerch, RN Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Zablotowicz, RM BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Identification of trifluralin metabolites in soil using ion-trap LC/MS/MS SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES AB Trifluralin degradation in soils is complex, potentially resulting in the formation of 28 metabolites. The objective of this research was to develop an approach for the identification of trifluralin metabolites in soils using ion-trap liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Authentic standards of the parent and six metabolites were used to establish appropriate instrument conditions and precursor ion (PI) fragmentation patterns to confirm their identity, as well as to facilitate confirmation of metabolites for which authentic standards were not available. Two soils from herbicide spill sites known to be contaminated with trifluralin were selected for study because of their high potential for metabolite detection. Soils were extracted with 70% aqueous acetonitrile, filtered, and directly injected into the ion-trap LC/MS/MS. Trifluralin metabolites were then identified as follows: 1) screen for PI masses; 2) compare retention time of the PI peak to standards; and 3) obtain PI spectra and compare fragmentation with standards. The validity of this approach was confirmed for the identification of metabolite, TR-20. Preliminary results identified the presence of up to eight metabolites in the soils, and the array of metabolites present were indicative of aerobic trifluralin degradation. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1406 E Rollins Rd,Room 265, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008; OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 291 EP 310 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900017 ER PT S AU Thomas, E Thomas, L Mili, L Ehrich, R Abbott, AL Shaffer, C AF Thomas, E Thomas, L Mili, L Ehrich, R Abbott, AL Shaffer, C BE Hunt, MA Price, JR TI Primary detection of hardwood log defects using laser surface scanning SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XI CY JAN 22-24, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE laser scanning; wood processing; defect detection; robust estimation; circle fitting AB The use of laser technology to scan hardwood log surfaces for defects holds great promise for improving processing efficiency and the value and volume of lumber produced. External and internal defect detection to optimize hardwood log and lumber processing is one of the top four technological needs in the nation's hardwood industry. The location, type, and severity of defects on hardwood logs are the key indicators of log quality and value. These visual cues provide information about internal log characteristics and products for which the log is suitable. We scanned 162 logs with a high-resolution industrial four-head laser surface scanner. The resulting data sets contain hundreds of thousands of three-dimensional coordinate points. The size of the data and noise presented special problems during processing. Robust regression models were used to fit geometric shapes to the data. The estimated orthogonal distances between the fitted model and the log surface are converted to a two-dimensional image to facilitate defect detection. Using robust regression methods and standard image processing tools we have demonstrated that severe surface defects on hardwood logs can be detected using height and contour analyses of three-dimensional laser scan data. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4811-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5011 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.474036 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW93Q UT WOS:000183701300005 ER PT B AU Zuelke, KA Blomberg, L Long, EL Dobrinsky, JR Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS AF Zuelke, KA Blomberg, L Long, EL Dobrinsky, JR Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS GP OECD TI Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in preimplantation stage swine embryos SO MAMMALIAN EMBRYO GENOMICS: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Mammalian Embryo Genomics CY JUL 20, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 USDA ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, ANRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10426-7 PY 2003 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA BY65Q UT WOS:000189431500005 ER PT B AU Hessburg, PF Smith, BG Salter, B Ottmar, RD Alvarado, E AF Hessburg, PF Smith, BG Salter, B Ottmar, RD Alvarado, E BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Interior Columbia basin forests and rangelands, 1930s to present SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID EVENNESS; ECOLOGY; HISTORY C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 661 EP 692 PG 36 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100067 ER PT B AU Christiansen, S AF Christiansen, S BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Control of natural resource degradation to restore ecosystem health and help secure peace in the Middle East SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 USDA ARS, OIRP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Christiansen, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, OIRP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 721 EP 729 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100071 ER PT B AU Shields, DJ Solar, SV AF Shields, DJ Solar, SV BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Issues of scale in the selection and interpretation of mineral indicators SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID ECOLOGY C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Shields, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 835 EP 842 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100084 ER PT B AU Campbell, S Conkling, B Coulston, J Neitlich, P Ragenovich, I Smith, W AF Campbell, S Conkling, B Coulston, J Neitlich, P Ragenovich, I Smith, W BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Forest health monitoring in the US: A west coast perspective SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID LICHEN COMMUNITIES C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR USA. RP Campbell, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 963 EP 975 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100094 ER PT S AU Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA BE Novotny, JA Green, MH Boston, RC TI Methodological issues in stable isotope-based kinetic studies in children SO MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN NUTRITION AND THE HEALTH SCIENCES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Nutrition and the Health Sciences CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2000 CL Penn State Univ, Univ Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ ID HUMAN ZINC-METABOLISM; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; MODEL; MAGNESIUM; TRACERS; HUMANS; GIRLS C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@neo.bcm.tmc.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47881-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 537 BP 117 EP 130 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physiology SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Physiology GA BY63J UT WOS:000189426100008 PM 14995032 ER PT S AU Novotny, JA Britz, S Caulfield, F Beecher, G Clevidence, B AF Novotny, JA Britz, S Caulfield, F Beecher, G Clevidence, B BE Novotny, JA Green, MH Boston, RC TI Intrinsic labeling of plants for bioavailability studies SO MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN NUTRITION AND THE HEALTH SCIENCES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Nutrition and the Health Sciences CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2000 CL Penn State Univ, Univ Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE METABOLISM; FOOD IRON-ABSORPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; C-13 ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; RATS; WHEAT C1 USDA, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 201 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotny@bhnrc.arsusda.gov; novotny@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47881-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 537 BP 131 EP 139 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physiology SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Physiology GA BY63J UT WOS:000189426100009 PM 14995033 ER PT S AU Novotny, JA Greif, P Boston, RC AF Novotny, JA Greif, P Boston, RC BE Novotny, JA Green, MH Boston, RC TI WinSAAM: Application and explanation of use SO MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN NUTRITION AND THE HEALTH SCIENCES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Nutrition and the Health Sciences CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2000 CL Penn State Univ, Univ Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ C1 USDA, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Lab Expt & Computat Biol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM novotny@bhnrc.arsusda.gov; novotny@bhnrc.arsusda.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47881-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 537 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physiology SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Physiology GA BY63J UT WOS:000189426100022 PM 14995046 ER PT J AU Holland, JB Goodman, MM AF Holland, JB Goodman, MM TI Combining ability of a tropical-derived maize population with isogenic BT and conventional testers SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE transgenic; maize breeding; tropical germplasm ID IMPROVEMENT; GERMPLASM; CULTURES AB Bt transgenes, which confer protection against lepidopteran pests, have been introduced widely into commercial breeding populations. if inbred lines exhibit specific combining ability interactions between conventional and Bt testers, separate breeding programs for inbred lines to be used in conventional and transgenic hybrids may be warranted, complicating current hybrid breeding procedures. This possibility was investigated by testcrossing 97 F-2 plants from the cross of two tropical-derived inbred lines, NC296 and NC298, to both isogenic Bt and conventional (non-Bt) hybrids. The tester hybrids were either identical to or closely related to hybrids commercialized in the U.S.A. The 97 Bt testcrosses and 97 non-Bt testcrosses were evaluated in replicated yield trials in seven North Carolina environments along with four commercial checks and the two hybrids per se. The Bt testcrosses had slightly lower mean grain moisture (0.3%) and plant height (0.03 m) than the non-Bt testcrosses, but otherwise did not differ from them. No F-2-by-tester interactions were observed for any trait, and genetic correlations between the same trait measured on different testers were high (r(g) = 0.85 for grain yield measured on Bt and non-Bt testers). These results suggest that use of Bt and conventional testers will give similar results, simplifying the use of Bt transgenes in maize breeding programs. Whereas Bt transgenes did not improve yield, tropical F-2 testcrosses had greater grain yields than commercial hybrids, suggesting that greater increases in maize yield potential are likely to result from exploitation of exotic maize germplasm than from single gene transformations. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 691UC UT WOS:000183623100001 ER PT J AU Bruns, HA Abbas, HK AF Bruns, HA Abbas, HK TI Effects of plant populations on maize hybrids in the sub-tropical Mid South USA SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE mycotoxins; aflatoxin; fumonisin; plant populations; irrigation ID UNITED-STATES; DENSITY; YIELD; CORN; AFLATOXIN; IMPROVEMENT; FUMONISINS; HARVEST; GRAIN AB Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the Mid South USA has increased in the past 15 years. Hybrids produced in the 1950's and 1960's responded to increased plant densities by producing more barren plants ha(-1) and less grain per plant. Hybrids grown today, by contrast, produce high grain yields under high plant Populations. Maize production in the Mid South often uses a 101.6 cm row spacing, which is commonly used to produce cotton (Gossypium birsutum L.). Six maize hybrids, two Bt and four normal, were grown using a 101.6 cut row spacing and plant densities of 43,000, 48,000, 54,300, 64,000 and 76,500 plants ha(-1) in 2000 and 2001 at Stoneville, MS. Data on yield, grain bulk density, kernel weight, ear weight, leaf area plant(-1), LAI and mycotoxin concentrations were analyzed. Yields increased with increasing plant density with no yield plateau or decline observed at the highest population. Grain bulk densities varied among plant densities but no trend was evident. Kernel weights, ear weights, and leaf area plant-1 all declined with increasing plant density. However, declines in kernel and ear weights did not adversely affect grain yield. Ears ha-1 was the most important yield component in this experiment. Leaf area index increased with increasing plant density thus negating the decline in leaf area plant(-1). Leaf area index was higher in 2000 than in 2001, probably due to more rainfall. Hybrids differed in LAI, yield, kernel bulk density and kernel weight but, these differences were not correlated to each other. Aflatoxin levels were below the maximum allowable level of 30 mg Mg-1 both years of the experiment. Fumonisin levels were higher in 2001 (5-0-7.9 mg kg(-1)) than in 2000 (0.5-1.6 mg kg(-1)) due to a more favorable environment for its production. Maize can be grown in the Mid South USA using the currently available hybrids and a Population of 76,500 plants ha(-1) without a decline in yield or grain quality. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bruns, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, Box 245, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 691UC UT WOS:000183623100004 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Cordeiro, GM Richard, EP Henry, RJ AF Pan, YB Cordeiro, GM Richard, EP Henry, RJ TI Molecular genotyping of sugarcane clones with microsatellite DNA markers SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; marker assisted selection; phylogenetic trees ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DIRECT CLONING; ERIANTHUS-ARUNDINACEUS; INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PCR PRODUCTS; SACCHARUM; ORGANIZATION; GERMPLASM AB Molecular genotypes of 27 sugarcane clones (Saccharum hybrids) were produced with nine sugarcane microsatellites. A total of 52 alleles were identified using a capillary electrophoresis system with 41 alleles displaying varying degrees of polymorphism and the remaining 11 being monomorphic. There were eight alleles for sugarcane microsatellite SMC286CS, five for SMC334BS, eight for SMC336BS, four for SMC713BS, five for mSSCIR5, five for mSSCIR33, five for MCSA042E08, four for MCSA053C10, and eight for MCSA068G08. Presence or absence of these 52 alleles from a clone allowed the assignment of its arbitrary microsatellite genotype. The genetic relatedness among these clones was assessed using the CLUSTAL W algorithm with DNAMAN(R) software based on their arbitrary genotypes. With the exception of four clones, CP 70-321, HoCP 91-555, L 97-137 and Q124, six groups of clones were identified that shared at least 76% homology between their microsatellite genotypes. The software program also produced a bootstrapped phylogenetic tree with branch patterns that in general coincided with the putative pedigrees of these clones. The derivation of molecular genotypes such as these has enable sugarcane geneticists and breeders to verify the genetic pedigrees and purity of their sugarcane populations. These microsatellite genotypes can also aid in progeny selection and facilitate studies on allele transmission in this aneu-polyploidy crop. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. So Cross Univ, Ctr Plant Conservat Genet, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ypan@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Henry, Robert/B-5824-2008 OI Henry, Robert/0000-0002-4060-0292 NR 59 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 806YA UT WOS:000220468000011 ER PT J AU Reinhard, K Urban, O AF Reinhard, K Urban, O TI Diagnosing ancient diphyllobothriasis from Chinchorro mummies SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Diphyllobothrium pacificum; archaeoparasitology; mummy AB Diphyllobothrium pacificum has been reported as a human parasite from coprolites and skeletons in Peru and Chile. Our analysis of Chinchorro mummies from Chile provides the oldest evidence of D. pacificum directly associated with human mummies. These mummies date between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. The basis for our diagnosis is presented. We find that the size of the eggs in the mummies is smaller than other discoveries of D. pacificum. We suggest that this is due to the peculiar circumstances of preservation of parasite eggs within mummies and the release of immature eggs into the intestinal tract as the tapeworms decompose after the death of the host. This information is important to consider when making diagnoses from mummies. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Tech Serv Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Reinhard, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 126 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PY 2003 VL 98 SU 1 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762003000900028 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 640JT UT WOS:000180686100028 PM 12687781 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY Bian, XD Whiteman, CD AF Zhong, SY Bian, XD Whiteman, CD TI Time scale for cold-air pool breakup by turbulent erosion SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA BASIN; DISSIPATION; MODEL AB Turbulent erosion has been proposed as a major mechanism for removing wintertime cold-air pools (CAPs) from basins and valleys. The time scales involved in this erosion process, which are of great interest for winter weather forecasting, have not been studied systematically in the past. In this short contribution, a semi-analytical model is developed to estimate the time required for the dissipation of cold air pools from above by downward micro-scale turbulent erosion for different wind speeds aloft, different static stabilities inside the cold pool, and for different basin cross sections. The calculations show that micro-scale turbulent erosion is a rather slow process and that the erosion rate decreases rapidly with time as static stability increases in the capping inversion at the top of the cold pool. The rate of erosion is determined mainly by wind speed above the CAP and the temperature inversion strength inside the CAP; it is less sensitive to the shape of the topography. Shallow CAPs of a few tens of meters in depth with a weak inversion may be removed in a matter of hours if winds aloft are sufficiently strong to initiate and maintain turbulent mixing. It is unlikely, however, that deeper CAPs with a moderate to strong inversion can be destroyed by micro-scale turbulent erosion unless combined with other regional and synoptic-scale processes that produce larger-scale turbulent mixing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA Forest Serv, E Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX USA. RP Whiteman, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2003/0012/0231 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 731DV UT WOS:000185870000006 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Kalvelyte, A Dally, EL AF Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Kalvelyte, A Dally, EL TI Differential amplification of sequence heterogeneous ribosomal RNA genes and classification of the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 'Candidatus Phytoplasma species'; phylogeny; operon; nested PCR ID MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS; WITCHES-BROOM DISEASE; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; GROUP 16SRIII; TAXON; AUSTRALIENSE; MOLLICUTES AB Ribosomal (r) RNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the 'Fragaria multicipita' phytoplasma, a member of group 16SrVI, was initially observed in RFLP patterns of rDNA amplified in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and was confirmed through sequence analysis of cloned rDNA. Sequences from operons rrnA and rrnB were amplified in PCR primed by primer pair P1/P7 but from only rrnA in PCR primed by primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1. Preferential amplification of DNA from operon rrnA was explained by base mismatches between the R161-nF2/R16mR1 primers and primer annealing sites in rrnB. The results revealed potential for classification of a phytoplasma into two different subgroups within a 16S rRNA Group, if the phytoplasma's 16S rRNA gene sequences are independently characterized. It is suggested that the rRNA operon containing species-specific signature sequence(s) should be specified, and where possible sequences from both 16S rRNA genes should be included, in descriptions of new 'Candidatus Phytoplasma species'. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Inst Bot, Phytovirus Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. Inst Biochem, Cell Dev Lab, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2003 VL 158 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1078/0944-5013-00201 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725UL UT WOS:000185560700003 PM 14521232 ER PT J AU Renthal, R Velasquez, D Olmos, D Hampton, J Wergin, WP AF Renthal, R Velasquez, D Olmos, D Hampton, J Wergin, WP TI Structure and distribution of antennal sensilla of the red imported fire ant SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE Sensilla basiconica; Sensilla tricodea; Sensilla coeloconica; sexual dimorphism; caste polymorphism; contact chemore ceptor ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; ULTRASTRUCTURE; WORKER; QUEEN AB The morphology of the antenna of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antennae are sexually dimorphic: the worker antenna has porous sensilla on the two distal segments (the antennal club), whereas the clubless male antenna has porous sensilla on all segments past the pedicel. The major type of porous sensilla on both male and female is sensilla tricodea curvata. However, the male s. tricodea curvata are rather uniform in size, whereas the female s. tricodea curvata vary considerably in thickness. The number of sensilla on the distal segment of the worker antenna increases with segment length. This suggests a possible mechanism by which task assignments in S. invicta could be determined by the presence or absence of sensilla sensitive to specific task-related odor or pheromone cues. The sensilla basiconica have an invariant spatial pattern on worker and queen antennae. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Renthal, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM rrenthal@utsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13646] NR 21 TC 47 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2003 VL 34 IS 8 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(03)00050-7 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 748GH UT WOS:000186853800009 PM 14680927 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO BE Folz, DC Booske, JH Clark, DE Gerling, JF TI Microwave and radio-frequency power applications in agriculture SO MICROWAVE AND RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Microwave and Radio Frequency Applications CY SEP, 2002 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Assoc Microwave Power Europe Res & Educ, Inst Electromagnet Wave Applicat, Mat Res Soc, Natl Inst Ceram Engineers, Amer Ceram Soc, VA Polytech Inst & State Univ, Microwave Proc Res Facil ID STEAM HEATING TREATMENTS; INSECT CONTROL; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ALFALFA SEED; RICE WEEVILS; CODLING MOTH; ENERGY; RF; GRAIN; GERMINATION AB A brief review is presented of potential applications for radio-frequency and microwave power applications in agriculture. Included are applications for stored-product insect control, seed treatment to improve germination and seedling performance, conditioning of products to improve nutritional value or prolong keeping quality, soil treatment to control weeds, crop drying, and seed treatment for elimination of bacterial human pathogens. Limitations for practical application are also discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-158-7 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY36C UT WOS:000189045300035 ER PT B AU Monserud, RA Huang, SM AF Monserud, RA Huang, SM BE Amaro, A Reed, D Soares, P TI Mapping lodgepole pine site index in Alberta SO MODELLING FOREST SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interface between Reality, Modelling and the Parameter Estimation Process CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL Sesimbra, PORTUGAL SP IUFRO 4 01, IUFRO 4 11 ID SMOOTHING NOISY DATA; VEGETATION MODEL; SPLINE FUNCTIONS AB We demonstrate methods and results for broad-scale mapping of forest site productivity for the Canadian province of Alberta. Data are observed site index (SI) for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) based on stem analysis (observed height at an index breast height age of 50 years). A total of 2624 trees at nearly 1000 site locations were available for the analysis. Mapping methods are based on ANUSPLIN, Hutchinson's thin-plate smoothing spline in four dimensions (latitude, longitude, elevation, site index). Although this approach is most often used for modelling climatic surfaces, the high density of the site productivity network in Alberta made this an appropriate application of the method. Maps are presented for lodgepole pine, the major forest species of Alberta. Although map patterns are highly complex, predicted SI decreases regularly and continuously as elevation increases from the parklands, through the foothills to the mountains, conforming to field observations and a shorter growing season. In the high mountains, SI predictions are the lowest (<10 m), again conforming to field observations. Thus, the map correctly represents the inverse relationship between SI and elevation exhibited in the data. Analysis of residuals revealed no bias in the predictions. Furthermore, residuals were homogeneous and had no apparent pattern. The standard deviation of the observed site index values was 3.23 m, and the root mean squared error of the spline surface predictions was 1.16 m. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-693-0 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1079/9780851996936.0011 PG 15 WC Forestry; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Forestry; Mathematics GA BCY50 UT WOS:000231866400002 ER PT B AU Gove, JH AF Gove, JH BE Amaro, A Reed, D Soares, P TI Estimation and applications of size-biased distributions in forestry SO MODELLING FOREST SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interface between Reality, Modelling and the Parameter Estimation Process CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL Sesimbra, PORTUGAL SP IUFRO 4 01, IUFRO 4 11 ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; SAMPLES AB Size-biased distributions arise naturally in several contexts in forestry and ecology. Simple power relationships (e.g. basal area and diameter at breast height) between variables are one such area of interest arising from a modelling perspective. Another, probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling, is found in the most widely used methods for sampling standing or dead and fallen material in the forest. Often it is desirable or necessary to estimate a parametric probability density model based on size-biased data. Traditional equal probability methods may not be appropriate, or may be less efficient in such circumstances, and estimation is better conducted utilizing size-biased theory. This chapter surveys some of the possible uses of size-biased distribution theory in forestry and related fields. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640,271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 875 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, 7TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-85199-693-0 PY 2003 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1079/9780851996936.0201 PG 12 WC Forestry; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Forestry; Mathematics GA BCY50 UT WOS:000231866400018 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB AF Whitaker, TB TI Detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sampling; mycotoxins; sampling variability; sample preparation variability; analytical variability; buyer's risk; false negatives; seller's risk; false positives; operating characteristic curve; sampling plan performance ID TESTING SHELLED CORN; SAMPLING PLANS; UNITED-STATES; AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS; PISTACHIOS; WHEAT AB It is difficult to obtain precise and accurate estimates of the true mycotoxin concentration of a bulk lot when using a mycotoxin-sampling plan that measures the concentration in a small portion of the bulk lot. A mycotoxin-sampling plan is defined by a mycotoxin test procedure, and a defined accept/reject limit., A mycotoxin test procedure is a complicated process and generally consists of several steps: (a) a-sample is taken from the lot, (b) the sample is ground (comminuted) in a mill to reduce particle size, (c) a subsample is removed from the comminuted sample, and (d) the mycotoxin is extracted from the comminuted subsample and quantified. Even when using accepted test procedures, there is variability associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure. Because of this variability, the true mycotoxin concentration in the lot cannot be determined with 100% certainty by measuring the mycotoxin concentration in a sample taken from the lot. The variability for each step of the mycotoxin test procedure, as measured by the variance statistic, is shown to increase with mycotoxin concentration. Sampling is usually the largest source of variability associated with the mycotoxin test procedure. Sampling variability is large because a small percentage of kernels are contaminated and the level of contamination on a single seed can be very large. Methods to reduce sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1385/MB:23:1:61 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 635FN UT WOS:000180388400007 PM 12611270 ER PT J AU Candas, M Loseva, O Oppert, B Kosaraju, P Bulla, LA AF Candas, M Loseva, O Oppert, B Kosaraju, P Bulla, LA TI Insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis - Alterations in the indianmeal moth larval gut proteome SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID V-ATPASE; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ENTOMOCIDAL PROTOXIN; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; FIELD POPULATION; DIAMONDBACK MOTH AB Insect resistance to the Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been examined previously using a number of traditional biochemical and molecular techniques. In this study, we utilized a proteomic approach involving two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and function-based activity profiling to examine changes in the gut proteins from the larvae of an Indian-meal moth (IMM, Plodia interpunctella) colony exhibiting resistance to Bt. We found a number of changes in the levels of certain specific midgut proteins that indicate increased glutathione utilization, elevation in oxidative metabolism, and differential maintenance of energy balance within the midgut epithelial cells of the Bt-resistant IMM larva. Additionally, the electrophoretic migration pattern of a low molecular mass acidic protein, which apparently is an ortholog of F1F0-ATPase, was considerably altered in the Bt-resistant insect indicating that variations in amino acid content or modifications of certain proteins also are important components of the resistance phenomenon in the IMM. Furthermore, there was a dramatic decrease in the level of chymotrypsin-like proteinase in the midgut of the Bt-resistant larva, signifying that reduction of chymotrypsin activity, and subsequently decreased activation of Cry toxin in the insect midgut, is an important factor in the resistant state of the IMM. The proteomic analysis of larval gut proteins utilized in this study provides a useful approach for consolidating protein changes and physiological events associated with insect resistance to Bt. Our results support the hypothesis that physiological adaptation of insects and resistance to Bt is multifaceted, including protein modification and changes in the synthesis of specific larval gut proteins. We believe that increased oxidative metabolism may be an adaptive response of insects that undergo survival challenge and that it could mediate detoxification as well as higher rates of generalized and localized mutations that enhance their resistance and provide survival advantage. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Biol Targets Inc, Tioga, TX 76271 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Bulla, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bulla@utdallas.edu RI Candas, Mehmet/B-7814-2009 NR 69 TC 76 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1074/mcp.M200069-MCP200 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 654VE UT WOS:000181516100004 PM 12601079 ER PT J AU Drew, RE Hallett, JG Aubry, KB Cullings, KW Koepf, SM Zielinski, WJ AF Drew, RE Hallett, JG Aubry, KB Cullings, KW Koepf, SM Zielinski, WJ TI Conservation genetics of the fisher (Martes pennanti) based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; fisher; Martes pennanti; mtDNA; translocation ID SPECIES CONSERVATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; BIOLOGY; TRANSLOCATIONS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; AMPLIFICATION; EVOLUTION; VARIANCE AB Translocation of animals to re-establish extirpated populations or to maintain declining ones has often been carried out without genetic information on source or target populations, or adequate consideration of the potential effects of mixing genetic stocks. We consider the conservation status of the fisher (Martes pennanti) and evaluate the potential genetic consequences of past and future translocations on this medium-sized carnivore by examining population variation in mitochondrial control-region sequences. We sampled populations throughout the fisher's range in North America including five populations unaffected by translocations and two western populations that had received long-distance translocations. Twelve haplotypes showed little sequence divergence. Haplotype frequencies differed significantly among subspecies and between populations within subspecies. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and neighbour-joining analyses of haplotype relationships revealed population subdivision similar to current subspecies designations, but which may reflect an isolation-by-distance pattern. Populations in Oregon and in Montana and Idaho received several translocations and each showed greater similarity to the populations where translocations originated than to adjacent populations. Additional sequences obtained from museum specimens collected prior to any translocations suggest historical gene flow among populations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Anthropogenic impacts in that region have greatly reduced and isolated extant populations in Oregon and California. Future translocations may be necessary to recover populations in Washington and portions of Oregon and California; our results indicate that British Columbia would be the most appropriate source population. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Hallett, JG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hallett@wsu.edu NR 55 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01715.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 638KV UT WOS:000180570900005 PM 12492877 ER PT J AU Thara, VK Fellers, JP Zhou, JM AF Thara, VK Fellers, JP Zhou, JM TI In planta induced genes of Puccinia triticina SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; GRAMINIS; TRANSFORMATION; HAUSTORIA; PATHOGEN; EXCHANGE; SIGNAL; FUNGI AB Wheat leaf rust disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia, triticina, is a result of complex interactions requiring the coordinated activities of the two organisms involved. In an effort to understand the molecular basis of wheat-rust interactions, we isolated and characterized cDNA corresponding to in planta induced fungal genes (PIGs) from susceptible wheat leaves infected with P. triticina by using suppression subtractive hybridization to construct a cDNA library. 350 clones were sequenced, of which 104 were unique. Forty-four cDNA clones encode ribosomal proteins, comprising the single largest category of clones isolated. Twenty-five of these ribosomal protein genes are likely to be of fungal origin, as was suggested by sequence homology. Hybridization of 56 selected non-ribosomal protein clones to rust germling cDNA or genomic DNA probes showed that at least 44 were of fungal origin, demonstrating that the library was highly enriched for fungal cDNA. Differential expression analysis identified 26 non-ribosomal protein genes that were induced in rust-infected leaves. At least 21 of the induced genes were from the rust fungus, indicating that the majority of the induced genes were rust PIGs that are likely to play a role in parasitism. Some of the induced genes share homology to known PIGs or virulence genes in other fungi, suggesting similarities in parasitism among different fungi. Eight clones correspond to novel PIGs that have not been reported in any organism. This paper reports, for the first time, the isolation of P. triticina PIGs and discusses the use of total rust genomic DNA to identify the source of genes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zhou, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00142.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 637DY UT WOS:000180497400006 PM 20569362 ER PT J AU Escobar, MA Civerolo, EL Polito, VS Pinney, KA Dandekar, AM AF Escobar, MA Civerolo, EL Polito, VS Pinney, KA Dandekar, AM TI Characterization of oncogene-silenced transgenic plants: implications for Agrobacterium biology and post-transcriptional gene silencing SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCTOPINE TI PLASMID; CROWN GALL TUMORIGENESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; RNA DEGRADATION; HOST RANGE; TUMEFACIENS; DNA; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION AB Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumorigenesis is initiated by the horizontal transfer of a suite of oncogenes that alter hormone synthesis and sensitivity in infected plant cells. Transgenic plants silenced for the iaaM and ipt oncogenes are highly recalcitrant to tumorigenesis, and present a unique resource to elucidate fundamental questions related to Agrobacterium, biology and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). The oncogene-silenced transgenic tomato line 01/6 was used to characterize A. tumefaciens growth in planta and to screen for iaaM and ipt sequence variants. Even in the absence of macroscopic and microscopic indications of tumorigenesis, A. tumefaciens is capable of long-term survival in the hypocotyl tissues of the 01/6 line. A. tumefaciens growth, however, is significantly reduced in the 01/6 line, with populations decreased by 96% relative to wild-type at 52 days post-inoculation. In addition, the 01/6 line displayed suppression of tumorigenesis against all 35 tested strains of A. tumefaciens. High target homology is an absolute requirement of PTGS, therefore this result suggests that regions of the iaaM and ipt oncogenes are very highly conserved across most A. tumefaciens strains. Finally, graft transmissibility of oncogene silencing was assessed by grafting various non-silenced tomato genotypes on to the 01/6 line. Phenotypic and molecular evidence (tumorigenesis and absence of small interfering RNAs, respectively) suggest that oncogene silencing is not graft-transmissible, at least to wild-type and antisense iaaM-over-expressing genotypes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Dandekar, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, 1 Shields Ave, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00148.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 637DY UT WOS:000180497400007 PM 20569363 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Diehl, JR Yerle, M Ford, JJ Christenson, RK Roudebush, WE Plummer, WE AF Yang, WS Diehl, JR Yerle, M Ford, JJ Christenson, RK Roudebush, WE Plummer, WE TI Chromosomal location, structure, and temporal expression of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr) gene in porcine endometrium and embryos relative to estrogen receptor a gene expression SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE chromosomal location; alternative transcripts; differential gene expression; quantitative RTPCR; porcine; PAF; PAFr ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; UP-REGULATION; CELLS; TISSUE; LOCALIZATION; PROGESTERONE; SPERMATOZOA; PREGNANCY; ELEMENTS AB Although platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr) gene was well characterized in the human, little was known about it in domestic animals. Porcine PAFr gene was mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The structure of this gene was investigated using a 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Temporal expression of PAFr and estrogen receptor a genes (ER), and distribution of the PAFr transcripts in porcine endometrial and embryonic tissues on days 0, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 were analyzed using DNA competitors and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The porcine PAFr gene was mapped to SSC6q26-27. Alternative splicing of primary transcripts of the PAFr gene produced two different transcripts. Transcript 1 was expressed in all tissues and cells, and transcript 2 was detected in all tissues but white blood cells. The temporal expression of the PAFr gene in endometrial (P > 0.05) and embryonic (P < 0.05) tissues of pregnant sows increased from day 10 to 16. The temporal expression of ER genes in endometrial tissues of pregnant sows decreased from day 10 to 18 (P < 0.05). In addition, ER expression was detectable in 20-60% of embryonic tissue samples, which generally decreased. In combination with previously obtained data on PAF and estradiol-17beta (E-2) concentrations in pregnant uterine luminal fluids (pULF), endometrial and embryonic tissues, the present results indicated that the increasing PAFr transcripts were positively associated with increasing levels of PAF. Both ER transcripts and E-2 found in pULF decreased correspondingly from day 13 to 16. These results indicate that via PAFr, PAF could play a dominant role in peri-implantation development in pigs as compared to E-2. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64: 4-12, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Poole Agr Ctr 149, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Reprod Biol Associates, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Anim Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Diehl, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Poole Agr Ctr 149, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1002/mrd.12017 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 617CJ UT WOS:000179342400002 PM 12420294 ER PT J AU Zuelke, KA Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Perreault, SD AF Zuelke, KA Jeffay, SC Zucker, RM Perreault, SD TI Glutathione (GSH) concentrations vary with the cell cycle in maturing hamster oocytes, zygotes, and pre-implantation stage embryos SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE oocyte maturation; glutathione; meiosis; cell cycle; hamster ID IN-VITRO MATURATION; MALE PRONUCLEAR FORMATION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BOVINE OOCYTES; PIG OOCYTES; BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL; PORCINE OOCYTES; CUMULUS CELLS; INVITRO MATURATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Glutathione (GSH) is thought to play critical roles in oocyte function including spindle maintenance and provision of reducing power needed to initiate sperm chromatin decondensation. Previous observations that GSH concentrations are higher in mature than immature oocytes and decline after fertilization, suggest that GSH synthesis may be associated with cell cycle events. To explore this possibility, we measured the concentrations of GSH in Golden Hamster oocytes and zygotes at specific stages of oocyte maturation and at intervals during the first complete embryonic cell cycle. Between 2 and 4 hr after the hormonal induction of oocyte maturation, GSH concentrations increased significantly (doubling) in both oocytes and their associated cumulus cells. This increase was concurrent with germinal vesicle breakdown and the condensation of metaphase I chromosomes in the oocyte. GSH remained high in ovulated, metaphase II (MII) oocytes, but then declined significantly, by about 50%, shortly after fertilization, as the zygote progressed back into interphase (the pronucleus stage). GSH concentrations then plummeted by the two-cell embryo stage and remained at only 10% of those in MII oocytes throughout pre-implantation development. These results demonstrate that oocyte GSH concentrations fluctuate with the cell cycle, being highest during meiotic metaphase, the critical period for spindle growth and development and for sperm chromatin remodeling. These observations raise the possibility that GSH synthesis in maturing oocytes is regulated by gonadotropins, and suggest that GSH is more important during fertilization than during preimplantation embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64: 106-112, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Zuelke, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Bldg 200,Rm 124 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zuelke, Kurt/H-8609-2013 NR 39 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1002/mrd.10214 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 617CJ UT WOS:000179342400013 PM 12420305 ER PT S AU Mazanti, L Sparling, DW Rice, C Bialek, K Stevenson, C Teels, B AF Mazanti, L Sparling, DW Rice, C Bialek, K Stevenson, C Teels, B BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Synergistic effects of a combined exposure to herbicides and an insecticide in Hyla versicolor SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE chlorpyrifos; atrazine; metolachlor; Hyla versicolor; amphibians; pesticide interaction ID COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; ANURAN LARVAE; ATRAZINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; TOXICITY; RUNOFF; MESOCOSMS; TADPOLES; PREDATOR; WATER AB Combinations of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor and the insecticide chlorpyrifos were tested under both laboratory and field conditions to determine their individual and combined effects on amphibian populations. In the lab Hyla versicolor tadpoles experienced 100% mortality when exposed to a high combination of the pesticides (2.0 mg/L atrazine, 2.54 mg/L metolachlor, 1.0 mg/L chlorpyrifos) whereas low concentrations of the pesticides (0.2 mg/L atrazine, 0.25 mg/L metolachlor, 0.1 mg/L chlorpyrifos) or high concentrations of either herbicides or insecticide alone caused lethargy, reduced growth and delayed metamorphosis but no significant mortality. In the field high herbicide, low insecticide and low herbicide, low insecticide mixtures significantly reduced amphibian populations compared to controls but in the low herbicide, low insecticide wetlands amphibian populations were able to recover through recruitment by the end of the season. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Wetland Sci Inst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mazanti, L (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Wetland Sci Inst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1520/STP11178S PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100007 ER PT J AU Dodd, SL Lieckfeldt, E Samuels, GJ AF Dodd, SL Lieckfeldt, E Samuels, GJ TI Hypocrea atroviridis sp nov., the teleomorph of Trichoderma atroviride SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biological control; Hypocreales; ITS rDNA; systematics; translation-elongation factor EF-1 alpha ID MUSHROOM COMPOST; BRITISH-ISLES; HARZIANUM P1; IDENTIFICATION; 6-PENTYL-ALPHA-PYRONE; FERMENTATION; EXPRESSION; HYPOMYCES; VIRIDE AB A new species, Hypocrea atroviridis, is described for the teleomorph of Trichoderma atroviride. Based on sequences of ITS-1, 5.8S, and ITS-2 regions of the rDNA complex and translation-elongation factor (EF-1alpha), T atroviride and H. atroviridis form a well-supported clade within Trichoderma sect. Tiichoderma. The conserved anamorphic phenotype of T atroviride, observed for both conidial and ascospore derived cultures, was only found within that clade. In contrast, the teleomorph phenotype of H. atroviridis was morphologically indistinguishable from H. rufa, the teleomorph of T viride. This Hypocrea phenotype may, therefore, be considered to be plesiomorphic within Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma, suggesting that genes controlling the expression of the teleomorph and anamorph evolve at different rates and that the genes controlling expression of the teleomorph are more conserved than are those controlling the expression of the anamorph. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 301, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol Genet, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.2307/3761959 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 646TB UT WOS:000181049400005 PM 21156586 ER PT J AU Rizzo, DM Gieser, PT Burdsall, HH AF Rizzo, DM Gieser, PT Burdsall, HH TI Phellinus coronadensis: a new species from southern Arizona, USA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Phellinus; wood decay fungi ID GENE GENEALOGIES; FUNGAL AB Phellinus coronadensis is characterized and described morphologically as a new species from southern Arizona, USA. This fungus was previously reported as P torulosus based on morphological similarities of the basidiomes and type of wood decay. However, P coronadensis is restricted to two mountain ranges in southern Arizona and found almost exclusively on living southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis). Phellinus torulosus is found primarily in Europe and parts of Asia and is primarily associated with hardwood hosts. Based on sequence analysis of small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mt-SSU), we determined that P coronadensis is in a different lineage from P torulosus and apparently more closely related to the P pini complex. The taxon associated with southwestern white pine, being distinct and not yet having been validly named, is proposed as a new species here. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rizzo, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.2307/3761963 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 646TB UT WOS:000181049400009 PM 21156590 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Adams, K Mazzola, M AF Paulitz, TC Adams, K Mazzola, M TI Pythium abappressorium - a new species from eastern Washington SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE apple; appressoria; biological control agent; damping-off; Malus domestica; root rot; Tritium aestivum; wheat ID SOIL; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB A new species of Pythium isolated from wheat and apple roots in eastern Washington is described. Pythium abappressorium sp. nov. is characterized by abundant appressoria. Plerotic oospores and sporangia are formed from the appressoria and remnants of the appressoria remain attached to the base of sporangia at maturity. Smaller appressorial swellings, reminiscent of hyphal swellings, are also formed within the appressoria. Pythium abappressorium is pathogenic to wheat, causing damping-off and stunting, but is not pathogenic to apples. The fungus can grow in the temperature range 5 to 30 C, with an optimum of 20 C. The sequence of the ITS1 region of the rDNA did not match the sequences from a worldwide collection of over 1200 isolates, including types and neotypes, suggesting that this species has not been previously described. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biocontrol Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biocontrol Lab, 365 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.2307/3761964 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 646TB UT WOS:000181049400010 PM 21156591 ER PT J AU Anikster, Y Eilam, T Manisterski, J Leonard, KJ AF Anikster, Y Eilam, T Manisterski, J Leonard, KJ TI Self-fertility and other distinguishing characteristics of a new morphotype of Puccinia coronata pathogenic on smooth brome grass SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bromus inermis; crown rust; nuclear DNA content; Rhamnus cathartica; R. palaestina; substomatal vesicle; teliospore germination ID RUST FUNGI; MORPHOLOGY AB A new morphotype of Puccinia coronata, pathogenic to Bromus inermis, a common roadside and pasture grass in the northern United States, was discovered in the 1990s and described as P coronata f. sp. bromi by Delgado et al in 2001. Puccinia coronata f. sp. bromi does not require fertilization of pycnia to produce aecia on its alternate host, whereas fertilization is required in all other varieties or formae speciales of P coronata with aecial hosts in the family Rhamnaceae and for which life cycles have been described. Promycelia of P coronata f. sp. bromi produce only two basidiospores, and each receives a pair of nuclei from the promycelium. The nuclei divide again so that mature basidiospores each contain four nuclei. Puccinia coronata f. sp. bromi has smaller teliospores than P coronata var. avenae, and its substomatal vesicles are non-septate and distinctly shaped compared to those of P coronata var. avenae. In addition, nuclei of P coronata f. sp. bromi contain less DNA than those of P coronata var. avenae. Puccinia coronata f. sp. bromi is further distinguished from P coronata var. avenae and R coronata var. hordei in being avirulent on both oat and barley, whereas neither P coronata var. avenae nor P coronata var. hordei are virulent on Bromus inermis. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Life Sci, Inst Cereal Crops Improvement, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.2307/3761965 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 646TB UT WOS:000181049400011 PM 21156592 ER PT J AU Peterson, SW Perez, J Vega, FE Infante, F AF Peterson, SW Perez, J Vega, FE Infante, F TI Penicillium brocae, a new species associated with the coffee berry borer in Chiapas, Mexico SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE broca; DNA sequences; fungi; internal transcribed spacer; ribosomal DNA; Scolytidae; Trichocomaceae ID HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI; SCOLYTIDAE AB Penicillium brocae is anew monoverticillate species isolated from coffee berry borers collected at coffee plantations in Mexico near Cacahoatan, Chiapas, and from borers reared on artificial diets at ECOSUR laboratory facilities in Tapachula, Chiapas. Phenotypically, it is in Penicillium series Implicatum, but because it does not conform to known species we have described it as new. ITS and large subunit rDNA were sequenced and compared to determine the phylogenetic position of this species. It is most closely related to Penicillium adametzii. Penicillium brocae has only been found in association with the coffee berry borer and is one of several fungi that grow in coffee berry borer galleries. Penicillium brocae may provide the exogenous sterols necessary for the coffee berry borer's development and thus be mutualistically associated with the insect. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Colegio Frontera Sur, ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Peterson, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.2307/3761973 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 646TB UT WOS:000181049400019 PM 21156600 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Lupien, SL AF Dugan, FM Lupien, SL TI Filamentous fungi quiescent in seeds and culm nodes of weedy and forage grass species endemic to the Palouse Region of Washington and Idaho SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Alternaria; Cladosporium; fungi; grass seed; Poaceae; Pseudoseptoria; Selenophoma ID ALTERNARIA THEMES; ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI; WESTERN CANADA; BARLEY; WHEAT; FUSARIOTOXINS; PREVALENCE; SORGHUM; ERGOT AB Asymptomatic seeds of forage and weedy grasses from germplasm accessions and from uncultivated sites in eastern Washington and western Idaho were assayed for the presence of quiescent filamentous fungi. Asymptomatic culm nodes of the same species were similarly assayed. The predominant taxa isolated were strains of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, principally strains of Alternaria and Cladosporium. A. infectoria was the species most frequently isolated from seed. A. tenuissima was common and A. alternata was rare. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium were very rare or absent in stored germplasm. Pathogenic coelomycetes were common in asymptomatic node samples, occasionally present in asymptomatic field seed, but were not detected in germplasm accessions. Previous reports of frequent occurrence of A. alternata in grass seed are probably the results of misidentification of various small-spored Alternarias, especially A. infectoria, as A. alternata. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, WRPIS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, WRPIS, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM fdugan@mail.wsu.edu NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 666QB UT WOS:000182187000006 ER PT J AU Gamboa, MA Laureano, S Bayman, P AF Gamboa, MA Laureano, S Bayman, P TI Measuring diversity of endophytic fungi in leaf fragments: Does size matter? SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; endophyte; fungal diversity; phyllosphere ID LEAVES; BIODIVERSITY AB Endophytic fungi inhabit living plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. Although abundant, the extent of their contribution to fungal biodiversity remains unclear. Since endophytic fungi are poorly known, especially in the tropics, current estimates of fungal species are probably conservative. Here we tested strategies for sampling endophytic fungi in tropical plants. We compared the number of fungi isolated from 400 mm(2) leaf pieces that were divided into increasingly small fragments. Leaf pieces were surface-sterilized, cut into fragments and plated on culture media. For a given area, cutting leaf pieces into smaller fragments significantly increased the number of fungal morphospecies recovered. There was a strong linear relationship between size of fragments and number of fungi isolated. By extrapolation, an estimated 16 +/- 3 fungi could be recovered from a 2 x 2 cm leaf piece, using infinitely small fragments. This represents a large part of the fungal diversity estimated to exist in leaf endophytes in a population. We conclude that reducing the size and increasing the number of leaf fragments will increase the number of fungal species isolated. This strategy will help to estimate real values of endophytic fungal diversity. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gamboa, MA (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 666QB UT WOS:000182187000007 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Chang, PK Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, JJ Chang, PK Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Cloning and functional expression of an esterase gene in Aspergillus parasiticus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; Aspergillus parasiticus; esterase; mycotoxins; secondary metabolites ID VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION; INTERMEDIATE; INHIBITION; CONVERSION; SEQUENCE; BINDING; PROTEIN AB Within the 80 kb aflatoxin pathway gene cluster characterized earlier, and between adhA and norA genes, we have identified an estA gene encoding an esterase from wild type strain Aspergillus parasiticus SRRC 143. The 1,500 bp genomic DNA and 945 bp cDNA sequences were determined for estA. Outside of the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster, an additional copy of the estA gene (named estA2) was also cloned from the same A. parasiticus strain. Comparison of the estA and estA2 sequences showed 9 substitutions within the 314 amino acid residues of their gene products, and no apparent defect was identified in the estA2. The estA gene is a homolog of the stcI gene identified in A. nidulans involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin and dihydro-sterigmatocystin for the conversion of versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versiconal. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments demonstrated that the estA is constitutively expressed. And only this estA gene, which is located within the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster, is expressed; no expression of the estA2 gene was detected under both aflatoxin conducive and non-conducive conditions. Possible reasons for the preferential expression of the estA over the estA2 gene have been discussed. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1023/A:1023353025330 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 668DD UT WOS:000182274300012 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA TI Fumonisin and beauvericin induce apoptosis in turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; beauvericin; fumonisin; Fusarium proliferatum; inhibition of proliferation; moniliformin ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; DNA FRAGMENTATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; B-1; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXINS; INHIBITION; TOXINS; CORN AB Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (synonym Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and F. proliferatum, have been associated with various deleterious effects in different animal species. Serological, hematological and pathological effects and mortality have previously been observed in broiler chicks fed F. proliferatum culture material containing known concentrations of fumonisin, moniliformin and beauvericin. Turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro for 72 hours to fumonisin B-1 (FB1), fumonisin B-2 (FB2), hydrolyzed fumonisin B-1 (HFB1), moniliformin and tricarballylic acid (TCA) (0.01- 25 mug/ml). A decrease in cell proliferation, as determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] bioassay, occurred in the order: FB2 > FB1 > HFB1, with IC50 = 0.6 muM, 1 muM and 10 muM, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological features characteristic of apoptosis were observed following exposure to fumonisin B-1 and beauvericin; cytoplasmic condensation and membrane blebbing were seen by light microscopy. Tricarballylic acid and moniliformin did not interfere with cell proliferation. Results suggested that fumonisin B-1 and beauvericin may affect immune functions by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2003 VL 156 IS 4 BP 357 EP 364 DI 10.1023/B:MYCO.0000003607.69016.d2 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 744EM UT WOS:000186615000016 PM 14682463 ER PT J AU Vanky, K Berner, D AF Vanky, K Berner, D TI Microbotryum silybum sp nov (microbotryales) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Microbotryum; smut fungi; new species; biological control AB During a study of plant pathogens as potential biological control agents of invasive Carduus and other thistles in the USA, a new species of Microbotryum, M. silybum, was discovered on Silybum marianum from Greece. A key to the seven Microbotryum species on Compositae is presented. C1 HUV, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Vanky, K (reprint author), HUV, Gabriel Biel Str 5, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 85 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 669DP UT WOS:000182336900030 ER PT B AU Schmidtling, RC AF Schmidtling, RC GP USDA USDA USDA TI Determining seed transfer guidelines for southern pines SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE Pinus taeda; Pinus palustris; geographic variation; tree breeding ID LOBLOLLY-PINE AB The selection of an appropriate seed source is critical for successful southern pine plantations. Seed movement guidelines are described which are based on climatic similarities between the seed source origin and the planting site. Because yearly average minimum temperature is the most important climatic variable related to growth and survival, it has been used to define the rules of seed movement. This variable, which defines "plant hardiness zones", has been used for many years by horticulturists to guide the transfer of plant materials. East-west movement to areas of similar climate is permissible, with the exception of loblolly pine. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Schmidtling, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM rschmidtling@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2003 IS 28 BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100003 ER PT B AU Landis, TD AF Landis, TD GP USDA USDA USDA TI The target seedling concept - A tool for better communication between nurseries and their customers SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE seedling quality; reforestation; restoration AB The target seedling is a concept that developed out of the research on seedling quality in the 1970s and 1980s. The basic idea is that the quality of nursery stock is determined by outplanting performance (survival and growth) rather that characteristics or standards measured at the nursery. This means that there is no all-purpose seedling, but that each outplanting project will require different types of plants. The target seedling concept is collaborative because it requires information from the seedling customer. However, it is not static but must be continually updated and improved to incorporate changing nursery cultural practices as well as feedback from outplanting trials. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Landis, TD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 2606 Old Stage Rd, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100004 ER PT B AU Webster, TM AF Webster, TM GP USDA USDA USDA TI Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) eradiation: Impossible dream? SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE Cyperus rotundus; cyperus esculentus; noxious weeds ID C-ROTUNDUS; ESCULENTUS L; YELLOW; SOIL; SEED; MON-12037; TOXICITY; GROWTH AB The elimination of methyl bromide use will affect a broad range of crops, from vegetables to cut flowers to pine seedlings. In many plant production scenarios, once methyl bromide applications have ceased, nutsedges have become significant problems due to their tolerance of many herbicides and their prolific production of energy-rich tubers. Instead of independently researching nutsedge management in each of these diverse crops, sharing knowledge concerning nutsedge biology, ecology and management may allow us to efficiently find viable solutions to this problem. This paper is a brief review of some of the knowledge of purple and yellow nutsedge biology, ecology, and management in agronomic and vegetable crops. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100006 ER PT B AU Cram, MM Fraedrich, SW Fields, J AF Cram, MM Fraedrich, SW Fields, J GP USDA USDA USDA TI Stunting of southern pine seedlings by a needle nematode (Longidorus sp.) SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE Pinus taeda; Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris; fumigation; seedling stunting AB An undescribed needle nematode (Longidorus sp.) was consistently associated with stunted loblolly pine seedlings at the Flint River Nursery in south Georgia. Seedlings in affected areas had root systems that were greatly reduced in size, and lacked lateral and fine roots. In a growth chamber experiment, the needle nematode significantly reduced the size of loblolly pine root systems in containers initially infested with 100 and 200 nematodes. Populations of the needle nematode increased in all containers during the course of the experiment. Slash and longleaf pines have also been found to be hosts for the needle nematode. Cover crops typically used at the nursery, including sorghum, wheat and rye, were not found to be hosts. Yellow nutsedge was also not a host. A survey conducted in pine seed orchards that border the nursery indicated that 37% of the soil samples were positive for the needle nematode. The nematode was not found in redcedar windrows, an oak seed orchard, and pine stands adjacent to the nursery. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cram, MM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100007 ER PT B AU Dumroese, RK AF Dumroese, RK GP USDA USDA USDA TI Hardening fertilization and nutrient loading of conifer seedlings SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; slash pine; Pinus elliottii; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; irrigation; crop scheduling; bareroot; container seedlings; water management; hardening ID BLACK SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; NUTRITION; TIME; PINE AB Continuing to fertilize bareroot and container seedlings during the hardening process (from cessation of height growth until lifting) can improve seedling viability. The process of fertilizing during hardening has many names, but in the last decade a new term, nutrient loading, has come into use. The process of nutrient loading seedlings leads to luxury consumption indicated by foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations > 2.5%. Increasing foliar nutrient concentrations during hardening can result in increased cold hardiness, seedlings with thicker stems, heavier root systems, better root-to-shoot ratios, higher foliar N concentrations and contents, and the potential for better survival and growth on the outplanting site. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Dumroese, RK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100008 ER PT B AU Karrfalt, RP AF Karrfalt, RP GP USDA USDA USDA TI Nursery accreditation SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE nursery standards; quality assurance; seed movement AB The need for accrediting forest and conservation nurseries is stated. An example of accreditation is given from the case of accrediting the USDA Forest Service National Tree Seed Laboratory. The elements necessary to bring about nursery accreditation are outlined and suggested alternatives are given to bring the process into reality. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Tree Seed Lab, Dry Branch, GA USA. RP Karrfalt, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Tree Seed Lab, Dry Branch, GA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100010 ER PT B AU Barnett, J Varela, S AF Barnett, J Varela, S GP USDA USDA USDA TI Producing high-quality slash pine seeds SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southern-Forest-Nursery-Association/Northeastern-Forest-and-Conservation -Nursery-Association Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP SE Forest Nursey Assoc, NE Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Florida Div Forestry, Andrews Nursery DE Pinus ellionii; P. taeda; P. palustris; P. echinata; seed storage; seed processing; stratification; seed pathogens AB Slash pine is a desirable species. It serves many purposes and is well adapted to poorly drained flatwoods and seasonally flooded areas along the lower Coastal Plain of the Southeastern US. The use of high-quality seeds has been shown to produce uniform seedlings for outplanting, which is key to silvicultural success along the Coastal Plain and elsewhere. We present information for nursery managers who collect, process, and treat slash pine seeds. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Barnett, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100012 ER PT B AU Landis, TD Scholtes, JR AF Landis, TD Scholtes, JR GP USDA USDA USDA TI A history of transplanting SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association/Forest-Nursery-Assoc iation-of-British-Columbia CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL OLYMPIA, WA SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Forest Nursery Assoc British Columbia, Washington State Dept Nat Resource, Webster Forest Nursery DE seed quality; seedling density; stock type; age class AB A brief history of twentieth century transplanting at forest nurseries is presented, including many historical photographs. Transplanting was the normal method of producing plants for reforestation in the first half of the 20th century, and the operation was all done by hand or with rudimentary horse-drawn machinery. Seeds were broadcast sown, the seedlings grown for I to 2 years, harvested, and then transplanted at lower growing densities. Starting in the 1940s, mechanical transplanters were converted for use in forest nurseries. During the 1960s, forest nurseries began to switch to seedlings due to the high labor cost of transplanting; cultural improvements allowed production of seedlings with the characteristics of transplants. Precision sowing allowed ideal seedbed density and undercutting produced seedlings with vigorous root systems and thick caliper. In the last 10 to 15 years, however, transplants have returned to favor because of the demand for a large vigorous seedling that can compete with vegetation on outplanting sites and meet the new "Free-to-Grow" reforestation requirements. A new stock type, the plug + one, was developed by growing a small volume container seedling and transplanting it into a bareroot bed for another year of growth. The 1+1 stock type also gained popularity, and together they comprise up to 90% of the stock types produced in some northwestern US nurseries. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Landis, TD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, 2606 Old Stage Rd, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100019 ER PT B AU Windell, K AF Windell, K GP USDA USDA USDA TI Tree seedling transplanters SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association/Forest-Nursery-Assoc iation-of-British-Columbia CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL OLYMPIA, WA SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Forest Nursery Assoc British Columbia, Washington State Dept Nat Resource, Webster Forest Nursery DE bareroot seedling transplanters; containerized seedling transplanters AB Short summary tables of tree seedling transplanter manufacturers and some of the models they sell are presented. These tables include manufacturer contact information. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Windell, K (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, 5785 US Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 108 EP 116 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100022 ER PT B AU Davis, DB AF Davis, DB GP USDA USDA USDA TI The Nursery Management Information System (NMIS) at J. Herbert Stone Nursery using MS Access (R) SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association/Forest-Nursery-Assoc iation-of-British-Columbia CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL OLYMPIA, WA SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Forest Nursery Assoc British Columbia, Washington State Dept Nat Resource, Webster Forest Nursery DE seed inventory; seed testing; sowing calculations; seedling inventory; plant inventory; packing; shipping AB The Nursery Management Information System (NMIS) was designed in the 1970s to support the nursery program at 9 USDA Forest Service nurseries by tracking the seed collection and storage, sowing of seed, culturing of seedlings to specific size criteria, seedling inventory, seedling lifting, grading and culling, packing of seedlings for storage, and shipment and distribution of seedlings to Forests and Districts for planting. NMIS consists of a source (seed) subsystem and a product (seedling) subsystem. The product subsystem works with both bareroot and container products without a need for separate forms and reports for each. Currently an Oracle(R) version of the source subsystem is in use at 5 of the 6 remaining Forest Service nurseries and 1 seed extractory. J. Herbert Stone Nursery has been using a MS Access(R) version of NMIS since October 2000. C1 USDA Forest Serv, J Herbert Stone Nursery, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Davis, DB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, J Herbert Stone Nursery, 2606 Old Stage Rd, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100026 ER PT B AU Scianna, JD AF Scianna, JD GP USDA USDA USDA TI Nursery cost-estimating at the NRCS Bridger Plant Materials Center SO NATIONAL PROCEEDINGS: FOREST AND CONSERVATION NURSERY ASSOCIATIONS 2002 SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Western-Forest-and-Conservation-Nursery-Association/Forest-Nursery-Assoc iation-of-British-Columbia CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL OLYMPIA, WA SP Western Forest & Conservat Nursery Assoc, Forest Nursery Assoc British Columbia, Washington State Dept Nat Resource, Webster Forest Nursery DE matrix; matrices; restoration; ecotypes AB The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Bridger Plant Materials Center (BPMC) at Bridger, Montana, has maintained cooperative agreements with Glacier and Yellowstone national parks for restoration research and native seed and plant production for nearly 15 years. Over time it became necessary to develop cost prediction tools to evaluate contractual obligations and allocate project resources. Since conventional nursery cost-estimating systems did not adequately address the increased expense of cleaning, inventorying, storing, and propagating wildland (uncultivated) seeds and plants, BPMC developed cost-estimate matrices based on production difficulty and the size of the seed production field, bareroot stock, or container unit. Production difficulty is determined by personal experience, the experience of other growers, or by numerical rating systems. Seed and plant values are based on Foundation seed prices or commercial and conservation nursery prices adjusted to reflect the additional inputs needed to grow wildland ecotypes for restoration projects. BPMC matrices can be used as templates for other cost-estimating systems and are easily modified as changing economic conditions, emerging propagation technologies, and unfavorable weather influence cost. It is recommended that contracting parties collaborate on the development of cost-estimate matrices, and that these matrices be used as evaluation and planning tools rather than accounting or budgetary systems. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. RP Scianna, JD (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Plant Mat Ctr, Route 2,Box 1189, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2003 IS 28 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BX49N UT WOS:000185471100027 ER PT J AU Glitzenstein, JS Streng, DR Wade, DD AF Glitzenstein, JS Streng, DR Wade, DD TI Fire frequency effects on longleaf pine (Pinus palustris, P. Miller) vegetation in South Carolina and northeast Florida, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ecological Fire Management Forum CY 2001 CL CAPE CANAVERAL, FL DE fire frequency; fire regime; longleaf pine; Pinus palustris; prescribed burning ID EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; OAK SAVANNA; PLANT; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; REGIMES; FOREST AB Southeastern United States habitats dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Miller) have declined precipitously in area and extent. Conservation of diverse ground-layer vegetation in these endangered habitats depends on prescribed fire. While the need for prescribed fire is now generally accepted, there is disagreement concerning the most appropriate fire regime. One of the more important variables is frequency of fire. Several hypothetical relationships between fire frequency and vascular plant richness and composition are suggested by the existing literature. Results of two long-term prescribed fire studies support the hypothesis that burning as frequently as fuels permit is optimal for maintaining the largest number of native ground-layer plant species. However, fire frequency effects on species composition differed between the two studies. Increasing fire frequency in South Carolina Ultisol flatwoods and wet savannas was associated with a distinct shift from woody to herbaceous-dominated communities. Herbs, particularly bunchgrasses and perennial forbs, dominated annual- and biennial-burn treatment plots, whereas triennial- and quadrennial-burn plots were shrub-dominated. In contrast. annual and biennial fires did not produce herbaceous dominated ground-layer vegetation in North Florida Spodosol flatwoods. Reduced dominance of saw palmetto and somewhat increased importance of forbs and grasses, particularly rhizomatous grasses, distinguished the annually burned plots. However, biennial- and quadrennial-burn plots were similar in composition and did not differ significantly in species richness at the largest spatial scale. C1 Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Glitzenstein, JS (reprint author), Tall Timbers Res Stn, 13093 Henry Beadel Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. EM bluestem@istal.com NR 52 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 27 U2 124 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 22 EP 37 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634NK UT WOS:000180346900005 ER PT J AU Rideout, S Rickard, JK Wade, DD AF Rideout, S Rickard, JK Wade, DD TI Preliminary response of herbaceous plants to biennial burning cycles applied at different dates during the growing season SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ecological Fire Management Forum CY 2001 CL CAPE CANAVERAL, FLORIDA DE drought; growing-season burns; lower Piedmont; prescribed burning AB The increase in acreage treated with growing-season fire during the past decade indicates that there has been increased interest in burning to enhance southern pine forest health and diversity. Information on how burn dates within the growing season can be manipulated to vary the mix of species is of practical importance. The objective of this study was to determine the response of herbaceous and woody plants to eight, 3-week treatment application windows during a biennial growing-season burn cycle at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in Georgia, USA. Early results indicate other environmental factors, particularly lack of precipitation. had a greater impact on vegetation than prescribed burning. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDI, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rideout, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634NK UT WOS:000180346900006 ER PT S AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR BE Cheng, HN English, AD TI Synthesis, physical, and NMR characteristics of di- and tri-substituted cellulose ethers SO NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYMERS IN SOLUTION AND IN THE SOLID STATE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers in Solution and in the Solid State held at the 221st American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 03-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SUCROSE; METHYLCELLULOSE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; MONOMERS C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans Off, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sachinvala, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3808-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 834 BP 306 EP 324 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BW06U UT WOS:000180780000024 ER PT J AU Carter, TC Menzel, MA Owen, SF Edwards, JW Menzel, JM Ford, WM AF Carter, TC Menzel, MA Owen, SF Edwards, JW Menzel, JM Ford, WM TI Food habits of seven species of bats in the Allegheny Plateau and Ridge and Valley of West Virginia SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LUCIFUGUS CHIROPTERA-VESPERTILIONIDAE; LASIURUS-CINEREUS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; PREY SELECTION; HOARY BAT; STRATEGIES; BOREALIS; INDIANA; DIET AB We captured 159 bats in the Allegheny Plateau and Ridge and Valley physiographic provinces of West Virginia during summer 1998, including the northern long-eared myotis (Myotis septentrionalis; n = 40), little brown myotis (M. lucifugus; n = 34), big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus; n = 29), eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus; n = 27), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis; n = 22), hoary bat (L. cinereus; n = 5), and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans; n = 2). We analyzed fecal pellets of each bat to determine food habits. Diets of northern long-eared myotis and eastern red bats were dominated by Coleoptera (42.3 and 24.5%, respectively) and Lepidoptera (31.1 and 47.0%, respectively). Diet of big brown bats primarily consisted of Coleoptera (67.5%). Diet of hoary bats was dominated by Lepidoptera (98%). Diet of silver-haired bats was moderately diverse, but primarily composed of Lepidoptera (47.5%) and Diptera (20.0%). Diets of little brown myotis and eastern pipistrelles were highly diverse, consuming an even proportion of six orders of insects including Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Tricoptera. Diets of these seven species of bats did not differ notably from diet of each species reported from other regions of the eastern United States. Our results provide information about food habits of bats that are common throughout the central Appalachian Mountains. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV USA. RP Carter, TC (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 29 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.2307/3858675 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670LD UT WOS:000182408700008 ER PT J AU Matthews, DE Carollo, VL Lazo, GR Anderson, OD AF Matthews, DE Carollo, VL Lazo, GR Anderson, OD TI GrainGenes, the genome database for small-grain crops SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BARLEY AB GrainGenes, http://www.graingenes.org, is the international database for the wheat, barley, rye and oat genomes. For these species it is the primary repository for information about genetic maps, mapping probes and primers, genes, alleles and QTLs. Documentation includes such data as primer sequences, polymorphism descriptions, genotype and trait scoring data, experimental protocols used, and photographs of marker polymorphisms, disease symptoms and mutant phenotypes. These data, curated with the help of many members of the research community, are integrated with sequence and bibliographic records selected from external databases and results of BLAST searches of the ESTs. Records are linked to corresponding records in other important databases, e.g. Gramene's EST homologies to rice BAC/PACs, TIGR's Gene Indices and GenBank. In addition to this information within the GrainGenes database itself, the GrainGenes homepage at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov provides many other community resources including publications (the annual newsletters for wheat, barley and oat, monographs and articles), individual datasets (mapping and QTL studies, polymorphism surveys, variety performance evaluations), specialized databases (Triticeae repeat sequences, EST unigene sets) and pages to facilitate coordination of cooperative research efforts in specific areas such as SNP development, EST-SSRs and taxonomy. The goal is to serve as a central point for obtaining and contributing information about the genetics and biology of these cereal crops. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Matthews, DE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 7 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1093/nar/gkg058 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 647EP UT WOS:000181079700041 PM 12519977 ER PT J AU Malik, M Zhao, CW Schoene, N Guisti, MM Moyer, MP Magnuson, BA AF Malik, M Zhao, CW Schoene, N Guisti, MM Moyer, MP Magnuson, BA TI Anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia meloncarpa E. induces a cell cycle block in colon cancer but not normal colonic cells SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARCINOMA-CELLS; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; CDK INHIBITORS; IN-VITRO; ARREST; P21; RED; PROLIFERATION; CARCINOGENESIS; SUPPRESSION AB Anthocyanin-rich extracts, potent antioxidants and commercially available food coloring agents, have been reported to inhibit growth of various cancer cell lines. We investigated the effect of semipurified anthocyanin-rich extract from fruits of Aronia meloncarpa, on normal colon and colon cancer cell lines. A 24-h exposure to 50 mug monomeric anthocyanin/ml of Aronia extract resulted in 60% growth inhibition of human HT-29 colon cancer cells. The treated cells showed a blockage at G1/G0 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest coincided with an increased expression of the p21(WAF1) and p27(KIP1) genes and decreased expression of cyclin A and B genes. Prolonged exposure to the extract resulted in no further change in the cell number indicating a cytostatic inhibition of cell growth. NCM460 normal colon cells demonstrated < 10% growth inhibition at the highest concentration of 50 mug/ml extract. A 35% decrease in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression was observed within 24 h of exposure of HT-29 cells but did not translate into decreased protein levels or protein activity. These results support the need for further research to identify the specific component(s) in this extract that suppress cancer cell growth and the genes affected by these natural compounds. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INCELL Corp, LLC, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Magnuson, BA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Giusti, Maria /0000-0002-2348-3530; Malik, Minnie/0000-0003-1129-6575 NR 42 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1207/S15327914NC4602_12 PG 11 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 750FN UT WOS:000186980800012 PM 14690795 ER PT J AU Ardern, CL Katzmarzyk, PT Janssen, I Ross, R AF Ardern, CL Katzmarzyk, PT Janssen, I Ross, R TI Discrimination of health risk by combined body mass index and waist circumference SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular risk; anthropometry; Canada Heart Health Surveys ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; VISCERAL OBESITY; FAT DISTRIBUTION; PREVALENCE; CLASSIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; INDICATORS; PROFILE; ADULTS AB Objective: NIH Clinical Guidelines (1998) recommend the measurement of waist circumference (WC, centimeters) within body mass index (BMI, kilograms per square meter) categories as a screening tool for increased health risk. Research Methods and Procedures: The Canada Heart Health Surveys (1986 through 1992) were used to describe the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Canada and to test the use of the NIH guidelines for predicting metabolic risk factors. The sample included 7981 participants ages 20 to 74 years who had complete data for WC, BMI, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, diabetic status, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III risk categories were used to identify the metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors. Logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that WC improves the prediction of the metabolic syndrome, within overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese I (30 to 34.9 kg/m(2)) BMI categories. Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 17.0% in men and 13.2% in women. The odds ratios (OR) for the prediction of the metabolic syndrome were elevated in overweight [OR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.02 to 3.35] and obese (OR, 2.35; 95%CI, 1.25 to 4.42) women with a high WC compared with overweight and obese women with a low WC, respectively. On the other hand, WC was not predictive of the metabolic syndrome or component risk factors in men, within BMI categories. Discussion: In women already at increased health risk because of an elevated BMI, the additional measurement of WC may help identify cardiovascular risk. C1 Queens Univ, Sch Phys & Hlth Educ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Katzmarzyk, PT (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Phys & Hlth Educ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RI Janssen, Ian/B-7700-2009; OI Katzmarzyk, Peter/0000-0002-9280-6022 NR 30 TC 116 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.22 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 635QQ UT WOS:000180410700021 PM 12529496 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC AF Meinzer, FC TI Functional convergence in plant responses to the environment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE carbon balance; plant allometry; plant growth; plant-water relations; scaling models ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; TROPICAL FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; SAP FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; XYLEM SAP; RADIAL VARIATION; SONORAN DESERT AB Much comparative ecophysiological research has focused on contrasting species-specific behavior or ecological strategies with regard to regulation of basic physiological processes such as transpiration, photosynthesis and growth, leading to an emphasis on divergence rather than convergence in plant functioning. This review highlights selected examples in which substantial functional convergence among taxonomically, phylogenetically and architecturally diverse species has been revealed by applying appropriate scaling factors and identifying universal constraints or trade-offs. Recent empirical and theoretical scaling models emphasize the strong role that plant size, architecture, allometry and chemistry play in constraining functional traits related to water and carbon economy and growth. Taken together, the findings summarized here strongly suggest that there are a limited number of physiological solutions to a given problem of plant adaptation to the environment. Comparative ecophysiological studies will therefore benefit from consideration of the constraints that plant anatomical, structural and chemical attributes place on physiological functioning. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 75 TC 178 Z9 194 U1 8 U2 121 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-1088-0 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636XK UT WOS:000180482400001 PM 12647172 ER PT J AU James, SA Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Woodruff, D Jones, T Restom, T Mejia, M Clearwater, M Campanello, P AF James, SA Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Woodruff, D Jones, T Restom, T Mejia, M Clearwater, M Campanello, P TI Axial and radial water transport and internal water storage in tropical forest canopy trees SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE capacitance; D/H ratios; hydraulic architecture; sap flow; xylem anatomy ID EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS TREES; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; HEAT PULSE; SAP FLOW; STEM; PATTERNS; PINE AB Heat and stable isotope tracers were used to study axial and radial water transport in relation to sapwood anatomical characteristics and internal water storage in four canopy tree species of a seasonally dry tropical forest in Panama. Anatomical characteristics of the wood and radial profiles of sap flow were measured at the base, upper trunk, and crown of a single individual of Anacardium excelsum, Ficus insipida, Schefflera morototoni, and Cordia alliodora during two consecutive dry seasons. Vessel lumen diameter and vessel density did not exhibit a consistent trend axially from the base of the stem to the base of the crown. However, lumen diameter decreased sharply from the base of the crown to the terminal branches. The ratio of vessel lumen area to sapwood cross-sectional area was consistently higher at the base of the crown than at the base of the trunk in A. excelsum, F. insipida and C. alliodora, but no axial trend was apparent in S. morototoni. Radial profiles of the preceding wood anatomical characteristics varied according to species and the height at which the wood samples were obtained. Radial profiles of sap flux density measured with thermal dissipation sensors of variable length near the base of the crown were highly correlated with radial profiles of specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) calculated from xylem anatomical characteristics. The relationship between sap flux density and k(s) was species-independent. Deuterium oxide (D2O) injected into the base of the trunk of the four study trees was detected in the water transpired from the upper crown after only I day in the 26-m-tall C. alliodora tree, 2 days in the 28-m-tall F. insipida tree, 3 days in the 38-m-tall A excelsum tree, and 5 days in the 22-m-tall S. morototoni tree. Radial transport of injected D2O was detected in A. excelsum, F. insipida and S. morototoni, but not C alliodora. The rate of axial D2O transport, a surrogate for maximum sap velocity, was positively correlated with the predicted sapwood ks and with tree height normalized by the relative diurnal water storage capacity. Residence times for the disappearance of the D2O tracer in transpired water ranged from 2 days in C. alliodora, to 22 days in A. excelsum and were positively correlated with a normalized index of diurnal water storage capacity. Capacitive exchange of water between stem storage compartments and the transpiration stream thus had a profound influence on apparent rates of axial water transport, the magnitude of radial water movement, and the retention time in the tree of water taken up by the roots. The inverse relationship between internal water exchange capacity and k(s) was consistent with a trade-off contributing to stability of leaf water status through highly efficient water transport at one extreme and release of stored water at the other extreme. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Te Puke Res Ctr, Te Puke, New Zealand. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Clearwater, Michael/0000-0002-8563-0671; James, Shelley/0000-0003-1105-1850 NR 26 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-1080-8 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636XK UT WOS:000180482400006 PM 12647177 ER PT S AU Schrader, KK Rimando, AM AF Schrader, KK Rimando, AM BE Rimando, AM Schrader, KK TI Off-flavors in aquaculture: An overview SO OFF-FLAVORS IN AQUACULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Off-Flavors in Aquaculture held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLAND, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CULTURED CHANNEL CATFISH; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; BRAER OIL-SPILL; GEOSMIN PRODUCTION; STREPTOMYCES-HALSTEDII AB The demand for aquaculture products continues to accelerate worldwide. One of the most economically significant problems encountered in aquaculture is "off-flavor" in the cultured product. Off-flavors can be related to the diet of the cultured animal, caused by inadequate post-harvest management strategies, and/or environmentally derived. The latter has received the most attention in terms of research approaches for developing methods to prevent off-flavors in aquaculture products. The production of off-flavor compounds by certain species of cyanobacteria is the greatest contributing factor to off-flavor in fishery products. In this chapter, the types and causes of off-flavor that may occur in a wide variety of aquaculture products are discussed. In addition, the most recent developments in research for the prevention of off flavor in aquaculture are discussed, and recent technological advances in off-flavor detection are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 127 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3821-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 848 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Chemistry; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW83U UT WOS:000183307100001 ER PT S AU Nagle, DG Sultana, GNN Schrader, KK Hossain, CF Stanikunaite, R Hamann, MT Rajbandari, I AF Nagle, DG Sultana, GNN Schrader, KK Hossain, CF Stanikunaite, R Hamann, MT Rajbandari, I BE Rimando, AM Schrader, KK TI Secondary metabolites from plants and marine organisms as selective anti-cyanobacterial agents SO OFF-FLAVORS IN AQUACULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Off-Flavors in Aquaculture held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLAND, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SEAWEED CHEMICAL DEFENSES; BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; FISCHERELLA-MUSCICOLA; NATURAL ALGICIDE; UDOTEATRIAL HYDRATE; SCYTONEMA-HOFMANNI; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HERBIVORES; CALIFORNICA AB Extracts of more than one thousand species of plants and marine organisms were evaluated for selective algicidal activity against the musty-odor cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Oscillatoria perornata. Bioassay-guided fractionation yielded anti-cyanobacterial compounds from the tropical marine brown alga Dictyota dichotoma. The structures of the active metabolites were confirmed spectroscopically to be two bicyclic diterpenes 10-acetoxy-18-hydroxy-2,7-dolabelladiene and dictyol B acetate. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Dept Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Serv, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Nagle, DG (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Dept Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3821-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 848 BP 179 EP 194 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Chemistry; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW83U UT WOS:000183307100013 ER PT S AU Schrader, KK AF Schrader, KK BE Rimando, AM Schrader, KK TI Natural algicides for the control of cyanobacterial-related off-flavor in catfish aquaculture SO OFF-FLAVORS IN AQUACULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Off-Flavors in Aquaculture held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLAND, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID OSCILLATORIA CF. CHALYBEA; BARLEY-STRAW; SELECTIVE TOXICITY; ARTEMISIA-ANNUA; UNITED-STATES; PONDS; ANTIALGAL; PERORNATA; DIATOM; GROWTH AB Over the past two decades, a variety of natural compounds have been studied for their potential use as selective algicides against cyanobacteria to prevent musty off-flavor in cultured catfish. Some of the compounds that have been tested include unsaturated fatty acids, lysine, ferulic acid, anthraquinone, and artemisinin. In addition, decomposing barley straw has been evaluated for preventing blooms of musty-compound producing cyanobacteria in catfish ponds. So far, none of these compounds have proven to be commercially acceptable for the management of cyanobacteria blooms in Mississippi catfish ponds. However, some quinones have been found to be the most promising leads in the discovery of an environmentally safe, natural algicide for catfish aquaculture. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3821-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 848 BP 195 EP 208 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Chemistry; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW83U UT WOS:000183307100014 ER PT S AU Grimm, CC Zimba, PV AF Grimm, CC Zimba, PV BE Rimando, AM Schrader, KK TI Applications of an instrumental method for the analysis of off-flavors in fresh water aquaculture SO OFF-FLAVORS IN AQUACULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Off-Flavors in Aquaculture held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLAND, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; EXTRACTION; PONDS AB Off-flavors in aquaculture are problematic because of economic loss at the production level and potential for consumer avoidance of an unsatisfactory product reducing sales. The most common off-flavors in fresh water products are muddy, musty aromas resulting from the uptake of 2-methyl-isoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) from the water column. These compounds are metabolic products produced by cyanobacteria. The catfish industry in particular is affected by off-flavor problems. Shrimp farmers tend to see these problems only during periods when associated with fresh water incursion. An instrumental method for analyzing GSM and 2-MIB has been developed. Detection levels from tissue samples are less than 50 ng/kg for 2-MIB and GSM, and approach I ng/kg in water. These levels are sufficient for determining consumer acceptability. The technique was applied to monitor seasonal changes in concentration levels of 2-MIB in catfish ponds, the effects of storing samples, and the uptake and purging of these off-flavors between water and fish. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Grimm, CC (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3821-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 848 BP 209 EP 222 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Chemistry; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW83U UT WOS:000183307100015 ER PT S AU Eggleston, G Cote, GL AF Eggleston, G Cote, GL BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI Oligosaccharides in food and agriculture SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; FRUCTOSE-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CYCLODEXTRINS; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUCROSE; PLANTS; POTATO AB An overview of oligosaccharides in food and agriculture is presented. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates generally consisting of two to ten monomeric residues linked by O-glycosidic bonds. The wide occurrence and function of oligosaccharides in plants is reported. Up-to-date techniques for the separation and analysis of oligosaccharides are reviewed. Commercial applications in the fields of nutrition and food ingredients are discussed, with emphasis on prebiotic and cyclic oligosaccharides. Sources of oligosaccharides include those from insect or microbial action on plant material. Oligosaccharides as plant regulatory molecules are described. Finally, the future outlook for oligosaccharides in food and agriculture is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2003 VL 849 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400001 ER PT S AU Grimm, CC Grimm, DA Bergman, CJ AF Grimm, CC Grimm, DA Bergman, CJ BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI The analysis of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; FINE-STRUCTURE; RICE-STARCH; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS; AMYLOPECTIN; MIXTURES; TEXTURE AB Over the last decade, great improvements have been made in the use of mass spectrometry to analyze large molecules. Two ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) permit the determination of molecular weights of macromolecules in excess of 100,000 Daltons. The MALDI-time of flight mass spectrometric analysis of polysaccharide chains, including dextrans and debranched amylopectin was performed employing 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the sample matrix. Analysis of debranched amylopectin from rice by MALDI-TOF showed adducts of sodiated maltodextrins containing from 3 to 45 glucose residues. A typical mass spectrum contained a series of peaks differentiated by a mass of 162 Daltons, indicative of a single glucose monomer. Relative intensities increased to a maximum of 9 or 10 residues depending upon the sample. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in peak intensity was observed with the addition of each successive glucose unit to a maximum of 45 monomers. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Grimm, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 849 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400003 ER PT S AU Rastall, RA Hotchkiss, AT AF Rastall, RA Hotchkiss, AT BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI Potential for the development of prebiotic oligosaccharides from biomass SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; INULIN; COLON; POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROFLORA; HUMANS; FLORA AB Waste biomass contains a multitude of complex carbohydrate molecules. These carbohydrates can be considered as a resource for the development of novel prebiotic oligosaccharides which may have better functionality than those currently established on the market. Enhanced persistence of the prebiotic effect along the colon, antipathogen effects, and more closely targeted prebiotics, might all be possible starting from plant polysaccharides. Of particular interest for the development of novel prebiotics are oligosaccharides from arabinoxylans and pectins. Oligosaccharides derived from the breakdown of both classes have received increased research attention recently. The development of prebiotics based upon biomass will demand the development of new manufacturing technologies. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, POB 226, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 849 BP 44 EP 53 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400004 ER PT S AU Hotchkiss, AT Olano-Martin, E Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Hotchkiss, AT Olano-Martin, E Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI Pectic oligosaccharides as prebiotics SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID CITRUS PECTIN; BIFIDOGENIC PROPERTIES; SUGAR-BEET; MODULATION; ACIDS AB Pectic oligosaccharides were observed to have bifidogenic prebiotic properties. Pectic oligosaccharides were also found to possess anti-adhesive properties for food pathogen toxins and they stimulated apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Orange peel albedo (white part) was a good source of pectic oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties. Microwave and autoclave extraction produced pectic oligosaccharides with higher degrees of polymerization than those produced with an ultrafiltration dead-end membrane enzyme reactor. We propose that these larger orange albedo pectic oligosaccharides may have greater persistence through the colon, making them excellent candidates for second generation prebiotic product development. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. RP Hotchkiss, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 849 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400005 ER PT S AU Cote, GL Holt, SM Miller-Fosmore, C AF Cote, GL Holt, SM Miller-Fosmore, C BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI Prebiotic oligosaccharides via alternansucrase acceptor reactions SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; B-512F DEXTRANSUCRASE; GNOTOBIOTIC-RATS; STRAIN; GLUCANSUCRASES; MECHANISM; BINDING; METHYL AB Alternansucrase synthesizes an alternating alpha-(1-->3),alpha-(1-->6)-D-glucan via glucosyl transfer from sucrose. It also synthesizes oligosaccharides, containing both types of linkages, when acceptor sugars are present. We have used alternansucrase to synthesize oligosaccharides from maltose, maltodextrins, maltitol, cellobiose, raffinose, melibiose, lactose, gentiobiose and other carbohydrate acceptors. Analysis of the products shows that alternansucrase is better at catalyzing acceptor reactions when compared to dextransucrase, and that the structures of the products differ. Whereas dextransucrase generally makes only a single product from any given acceptor, alternansucrase often makes two or more, and in higher yields. Several of these oligosaccharide acceptor products have been isolated and tested for their ability to support the growth of probiotic bacteria, including selected strains of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Certain acceptor products supported growth of probiotic strains but did not serve as substrates for undesirable bacteria such as Salmonella choleraesuis, Clostridium perfringens, or Escherichia coli. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2003 VL 849 BP 76 EP 89 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400007 ER PT S AU Eggleston, G Grisham, M AF Eggleston, G Grisham, M BE Eggleston, G Cote, GL TI Oligocaccharidies in cane and their formation on cane deterioration SO OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture held at the 223rd American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Imperial Sensus, Kabo Chem & Agr Inc, Megazyme & Neose Technol ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; HARVEST METHOD; STORAGE TIME; METABOLISM; FRUCTOSE; ACCEPTOR; PRODUCTS; QUALITY; SUCROSE AB Cane deterioration in the field, factory storage pile, or during factory milling processes has become a major technical concern in recent years, especially in those areas of the world where mechanical harvesting of billeted sugar cane has increased dramatically. Not all deterioration products advocated as cane deterioration indicators impact future factory processing, but certain oligosaccharides directly impact processing by interfering with sucrose crystallization, deforming the crystal shape. Oligosaccharides are present in the cane before deterioration, with the tops (leaves and growing point regions) of the cane containing markedly more maltose, 1-, 6-, and neo-kestoses than the stalks. Chemical, enzymatic, and microbial reactions are all involved in cane deterioration and can cause the formation of oligosaccharides. The major oligosaccharides; formed on cane deterioration are: 1-, 6-, and neo-kestoses (GF(2)), nystose (GF(3)), and kestopentaose (GF(4)) isomers, as well as oligosaccharides formed as acceptor products from the action of dextransucrase in Leuconostoc bacterial strains, mainly isomaltotriose, isomaltotetraose, leucrose, and palatinose. Mannitol is also formed on cane deterioration by mannitol dehydrogenase also from Leuconostoc bacteria, and its rate of formation is higher than for oligosaccharides or ethanol and it is known to reduce sucrose recovery on processing. This paper reviews the effect of cane harvest method and storage time on oligosaccharide formation, as well as the use of HPAEC-PAD to simultaneously detect oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide isomers, mannitol, and ethanol - all cane deterioration products. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3826-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 849 BP 211 EP 232 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW83R UT WOS:000183305400016 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems V CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; Terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 m stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4666-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4884 BP IX EP XX PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW57P UT WOS:000182447100001 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Mahieu, N Condron, LM AF Turner, BL Mahieu, N Condron, LM TI The phosphorus composition of temperate pasture soils determined by NaOH-EDTA extraction and solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FORMS; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHATE; FRACTIONS; RHIZOSPHERE; ASSIGNMENTS AB Information on the composition and dynamics of soil phosphorus (P) remains limited, but is integral to understanding soil biogeochemical cycles. We used solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterise NaOH-EDTA extractable P in 29 permanent pasture soils from England and Wales (total carbon 29-80 g kg(-1) soil, clay 219-681 g kg(-1) soil, pH 4.4-6.8). Total P ranged between 376 and 1981 mg P kg(-1) soil, of which between 45 and 88% was extracted with NaOH-EDTA. The extracts were dominated by orthophosphate monoesters (29-60% extracted P) and inorganic orthophosphate (21-55% extracted P), with smaller concentrations of orthophosphate diesters (2-10% extracted P), pyrophosphate (1-7% extracted P), phosphonates (0-3% extracted P), and traces of polyphosphates. Orthophosphate diesters were subclassified into phospholipids (1-7% extracted P) and DNA (1-6% extracted P). Signals slightly downfield of inorganic orthophosphate were tentatively assigned to aromatic orthophosphate diesters similar in structure to R-(-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate. Such signals are rarely detected in soil extracts, but were present in relatively large concentrations in the samples analysed here (2-5% extracted P). Relationships between functional P groups and soil properties suggested that the various functional groups are involved in the soil P cycle to different extents. In particular, concentrations of orthophosphate monoesters appeared to be controlled by the potential for chemical stabilisation in soil, whereas DNA and pyrophosphate were strongly correlated with the microbial biomass, suggesting an active involvement in biological nutrient turnover. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Chem, London E1 4NS, England. Lincoln Univ, Soil Plant & Ecol Sci Div, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 55 TC 124 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1199 EP 1210 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00061-5 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 710CT UT WOS:000184663800011 ER PT J AU DiCosty, RJ Weliky, DP Anderson, SJ Paul, EA AF DiCosty, RJ Weliky, DP Anderson, SJ Paul, EA TI N-15-CPMAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biological stability of soil organic nitrogen in whole soil and particle-size fractions SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; HUMIC-ACID; MATTER; C-13; N-15; CPMAS; MINERALIZATION; ENCAPSULATION; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROMETRY AB Soil organic nitrogen was quantified by solid-state N-15 cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) during a 14-month laboratory incubation of a sandy loam soil amended with N-15-clover. In whole soil and particle-size fractions, the clover-derived N was always 85-90% amide, 5-10% guanidinium N of arginine, and 5% amino. Quantitativeness of these results was suggested by (1) analysis of a standard containing a complex mixture of organic N-15 and (2) correlation of spectral intensities with N-15 concentrations. Based on the unchanging proteinaceous NMR signature of clover-derived N throughout the incubation, differences in the mineralization/immobilization kinetics of clover-N among the different particle-size fractions appeared not to be linked to organic functional group. Kinetic analysis of the mineralization of N-15, with correction of rate constants for field temperatures, suggested that the proteinanceous N-15 in the clay and fine silt fractions observed here had a mean residence time of 7 years in the field. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. RP DiCosty, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1635 EP 1650 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.08.005 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 749WN UT WOS:000186953200006 ER PT S AU Wang, SY AF Wang, SY BE Ho, CT Lin, JK Zheng, QY TI Antioxidant capacity of berry crops and herbs SO ORIENTAL FOODS AND HERBS: CHEMISTRY AND HEALTH EFFECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oriental Foods and Herbs held at the 223rd National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ACID CONTENT; ANTHOCYANINS; STRAWBERRY; FLAVONOIDS; FRUITS; PLANT; OXYGEN; COMPONENTS C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3841-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 859 BP 190 EP 201 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BX38B UT WOS:000185090100013 ER PT J AU Bisharyan, Y Chen, Q Hossani, MM Papoyan, A Clark, TG AF Bisharyan, Y Chen, Q Hossani, MM Papoyan, A Clark, TG TI Cadmium effects on Ichthyophthirius: evidence for metal-sequestration in fish tissues following administration of recombinant vaccines SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the British-Society-of-Parasitology CY SEP, 2002 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP British Soc Parasitol DE Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; heavy metal; parasite; Tetrahymena thermophila; vaccine ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; COPPER-SULFATE; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; MULTIFILIIS; ACCUMULATION; METALLOTHIONEIN; PYRIFORMIS AB We are developing Tetrahymena thermophila as a delivery system for recombinant vaccines against parasitic protozoa, including the common fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. T. thermophila cell lines expressing I. multifiliis genes tinder the control of a cadmium-inducible metallothionein gene promoter conferred strong protection against a lethal parasite challenge when administered parenterally to naive fish. Nevertheless, given that heavy metals can be toxic to parasites, a question arose as to whether protection resulted from Cd residues carried over with the vaccine, rather than acquired immunity per se. To address this issue, we examined the sensitivity of I. multifiliis to Cd in vitro and determined Cd concentrations in different host tissues following i.p. injection of juvenile channel catfish with the recombinant vaccine. We found that CdCl2 at concentrations greater than or equal to 50 ppb were lethal to I. multifiliis theronts in vitro. Furthermore, Cd concentrations were clearly elevated in fish tissues and reached levels equivalent to 74 ng/g wet weight (74 ppb) in the skin within 14 clays of injection with recombinant T. thermophila. Nevertheless, fish injected with non-transformed Tetrahymena grown in the presence or absence of CdCl2 showed no significant difference in either relative survival or parasite load following direct challenge with I. multifiliis. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Clark, TG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, C5 122 VMC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 2003 VL 126 SU S BP S87 EP S93 DI 10.1017/S0031182003003731 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 754RG UT WOS:000187344700008 PM 14667175 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Trout, JM Higgins, J Dorsch, M Veal, D Fayer, R AF Jenkins, M Trout, JM Higgins, J Dorsch, M Veal, D Fayer, R TI Comparison of tests for viable and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; FLUOROGENIC VITAL DYES; WATER SAMPLES; CELL-CULTURE; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; GIARDIA CYSTS; IN-VITRO; VIABILITY; EXCYSTATION; ASSAY AB The purpose of this study was to compare different assays for viable Cryptosporidium parvum incubated in water at a temperature commonly found in the environment. C. parvum oocysts :were, stored in sterile water for 9 months at 15 degreesC. A sample was removed monthly and analyzed by five different assays to determine oocyst viability. Mouse infection and cell culture showed that C. parvum oocysts remained viable and infectious when stored for 7 months at this temperature. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes directed to ribosomal RNA was also applied to these oocysts. The proportion of FISH-positive oocysts was 70-80% for the first 2 months of storage, decreased and remained nearly constant at 40-50% for 3-7 months, then decreased to 20% by 8 months, and to 0% by 9 months. Amylopectin content and mRNA for amyloglucosidase (CPAG), as measured by RT-PCR, decreased much more rapidly. By 3 months and for the remainder of the incubation period, amylopectin content was 20% of the original amount present in the oocysts. The CPAG RT-PCR signal at 3 months was 50% of that observed after I month storage, 20% at 4 months, and was not detected thereafter. Thus, results from cell culture and mouse infection assay exhibited the best agreement, the FISH assay showed modest agreement with these assays, and CPAG RT-PCR and the amylo-pectin assay displayed marginal agreement with the other three assays. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0720-6 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 638UR UT WOS:000180590400001 PM 12474036 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Santin, M Zhou, L Lal, AA Xiao, L AF Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Santin, M Zhou, L Lal, AA Xiao, L TI Contamination of Atlantic coast commercial shellfish with Cryptosporidium SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PARVUM OOCYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; MELEAGRIDIS; GENOTYPE-1; OYSTERS; ISOLATE; HUMANS AB Shellfish (oysters and/or clams) were obtained from 37 commercial harvesting sites in 13 Atlantic coast states from Maine to Florida and one site in New Brunswick, Canada. Gill washings from each of 25 shellfish at each site were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) for oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Gill washings from another 25 shellfish at each site were grouped into five pools of five shellfish each. DNA from each pool was utilized for PCR and genotyping. Oocysts were found in 3.7% of 925 oysters and clams examined by IFA in shellfish from New Brunswick and 11 of 13 states. Cryptosporidium DNA was detected by PCR in 35.2% of 185 pools. Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis, all of which have been identified in infected humans, were identified at 37.8% of the sites. Gill washings from every site were tested for the presence of infectious oocysts by biological assay in neonatal BALB/c mice but no mice were found infected, suggesting that either the oocysts were no longer infectious or infections in mice were below the level of detection. Collectively, these findings indicate that Cryptosporidium species, indicative of pollution from human and animal feces and potentially infectious for humans, were found in commercial shellfish from 64.9% of sites examined along the Atlantic coast by either microscopy or molecular testing. Previous reports link periods of high rainfall with the elevated numbers of pathogen contaminated shellfish. Because shellfish in the present study were examined during a period of exceptionally low precipitation, the data are thought to underestimate the number of Cryptosporidium contaminated shellfish likely to be found during periods of normal or above normal precipitation. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Prevent Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0734-0 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 642TF UT WOS:000180820000011 PM 12489014 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Hendrix, PF Phillips, RJ AF Callaham, MA Hendrix, PF Phillips, RJ TI Occurrence of an exotic earthworm (Amynthas agrestis) in undisturbed soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains,, USA SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE Amynthas agrestis; biological invasion; Appalachian; soil fauna; exotic species; earthworms AB This study documents the occurrence of an aggressive invasive earthworm species in undisturbed forest soils of the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia, USA. Earthworms were sorted from samples collected in pitfall traps that had been set in mature, mesic oak-hickory forests in remote, high elevation, locations across northern Georgia. Specimens were continuously collected in these traps over the course of the summer and autumn of 1993, and more than 600 earthworms were collected from 35 different trapping sites. There were at least 9 different earthworm taxa collected during the study including three species not native to North American soils (Amynthas agrestis, Octolasion tyrtaeum, and O. cyaneum). The majority of earthworms collected in the study were A. agrestis. Because large numbers of A. agrestis were trapped at a single site, we made measurements of individuals in an attempt to examine the reproductive status of A. agrestis at that site over time. Small numbers of A. agrestis were trapped in July and August, peak abundance occurred in September, and there was a decline in abundance through November to zero trapped in December, Sexually mature adults were first trapped in small numbers in late August, but made up 80% of the total population by mid September, and 100% of the population in October and November. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcallaham@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70223-1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700012 ER PT J AU Shuster, WD Shipitalo, MJ Bohlen, PJ Subler, S Edwards, CA AF Shuster, WD Shipitalo, MJ Bohlen, PJ Subler, S Edwards, CA TI Population dynamics of ambient and altered earthworm communities in row-crop agroecosystems in the Midwestern US SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE earthworms; Lumbricus terrestris; population dynamics; carrying capacity ID SYSTEMS; SOIL AB Earthworms affect agroecosystem processes and few studies have addressed population dynamics when earthworms are intentionally introduced. Handsorting and formalin extraction were used semi-annually from fall 1994 to fall 1997 to measure populations in plots with and without added earthworms under chisel till in a corn-soybean rotation (CT) and a ridge-till system in a corn-soybean-wheat rotation (RT) in Ohio, USA. Earthworm communities were altered by adding similar to76 Lumbricus terrestris (L.) m(-2) each spring and fall into plots with no, or very few of these anecic earthworms. increases in L. terrestris were small (similar to7 m(-2)) compared to the number added and their establishment was at the expense of the epigeic earthworm L. rubellus (Hoff.), which declined four and two-fold in CT and RT, respectively. Populations of the endogeic earthworm Octolasion tytaeum (Sav.) were unaffected by the addition of L. terrestris. Sampling 5 years after the additions indicated that L. terrestris persisted only in the RT plots. The decline in L. rubellus populations in plots with added anecic worms was no longer evident. We understand that the increased number and amounts of residues and the minimal level of disturbance found in RT probably increased the extent and quality of earthworm habitat over CT plots, which had fewer crops, less cover, and periodic disturbance. Apparently, population dynamics and competitive relationships among different earthworm functional groups were regulated by agroecosystem type, and their correspondent disturbance regimes and resource distributions. C1 ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. MAcArthur Agroecol Res Ctr, Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33852 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Pacific Garden, Millheim, PA 16854 USA. RP Shuster, WD (reprint author), US EPA, NRMRL SEB ML498,26 W MArtin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM shuster.william@epa.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 825 EP 829 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70275-9 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700064 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, G Seastedt, TR Donato, Z AF Gonzalez, G Seastedt, TR Donato, Z TI Earthworms, arthropods and plant litter decomposition in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in Colorado, USA SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE7) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CARDIFF, ENGLAND DE Decomposition; aspen; lodgepole pine; earthworms; microarthropods; subalpine forest ID DENDROBAENA-OCTAEDRA LUMBRICIDAE; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; FRONT RANGE; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; FAUNA AB We compared the abundance and community composition of earthworms, soil macroarthropods, and litter microarthropods to test faunal effects on plant litter decomposition rates in two forests in the subalpine in Colorado, USA. Litterbags containing recently senesced litter of Populus tremuloides (aspen) and Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) were placed in aspen and pine forests to monitor their decay rates and quantify litter microarthropod abundance. Earthworms and macroarthropods were collected by hand from the soil. Three species of earthworms were found in the aspen forest: Octolasion cyaneum, an anecic worm; Dendrobaena octaedra, an epigeic worm and Aporrectodea trapezoides, an endogeic worm. We found a higher density and fresh biomass of earthworms in the aspen (40 worms m(-2) and 4.4 g m(-2)) than in the pine forest (0.8 worms m(-2) and 0.6 g m(-2)). The lodgepole pine contained only earthworm species, D. octaedra. Macroarthropod density did not differ between the forests. Total density of microarthropods in the aspen and lodgepole pine forests was 6.40 and 5.24 individuals g(-1) of dry litter, respectively and did not significantly differ between forests. The percent of mass remaining was different between litter species (r(2) = 0.73, P < 0.01). Aspen litter decayed significantly faster than pine regardless of location. The percent of mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine were significantly correlated with the density of earthworms in both forests (P < 0.01). In the pine forests, the percent mass remaining of aspen and lodgepole pine litter was also significantly correlated with the density of mites (Acarina) (P = 0.03), prostigmatid mites (P = 0.02) and the total abundance of litter fauna (P = 0.02). Our results suggest that introduced earthworms play an important role on litter decomposition in the aspen forest, and that litter decomposition in these subalpine sites might be influenced differentially by various groups of soil and litter fauna. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00928 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept EPO Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Humacao, PR USA. RP Gonzalez, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. EM ggonzalez@fs.fed.us OI Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 24 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70281-4 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 767CB UT WOS:000188421700070 ER PT B AU Tarnocai, C Kimble, J Broll, G AF Tarnocai, C Kimble, J Broll, G BE Phillips, M Springman, SM Arenson, LU TI Determining carbon stocks in Cryosols using the Northern and Mid Latitudes Soil Database SO PERMAFROST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Permafrost CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Permafrost Assoc, European Sci Fdn, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Int Glaciol Soc, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, PACE21, Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Geoforum Switzerland, SANW, Glaciol Commiss, SANW, Swiss Geomorphol Soc, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat, Airbornescan, BHP Billiton Diamonds, Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Geobrugg Fatzer Protect Syst, Helibernina, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geotech Engn, Migros Culture Percentage, Solexperts, Stump Bohr Drilling Co, Swiss Alpine Club, Swiss Cablecars, Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Platform Nat Hazards ID ORGANIC-CARBON; WORLD AB The distribution of Cryosols and their carbon content and mass in the northern circumpolar area were estimated by using the Northern and Mid Latitudes Soil Database (NMLSD). Using this database, it was estimated that, in the Northern Hemisphere, Cryosols cover approximately 7769 X 10(3) km(2) and contain approximately 119 Gt (surface, 0-30 cm) and 268 Gt (total, 0-100 cm) of soil organic carbon. The 268 Gt organic carbon is approximately 16% of the world's soil organic carbon. Organic Cryosols were found to have the highest soil organic carbon mass at both depth ranges while Static Cryosols had the lowest. The accuracy of these carbon values is variable and depends on the information available for the area. Since these soils contain a significant portion of the Earth's soil organic carbon and will probably be the soils most affected by climate warming, new data is required so that more accurate estimates of their carbon budget can be made. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. RP Tarnocai, C (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-582-7 PY 2003 BP 1129 EP 1134 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX35T UT WOS:000185049300198 ER PT J AU Ireland, CM Aalbersberg, W Andersen, RJ Ayral-Kaloustian, S Berlinck, RGS Bernan, V Carter, G Churchill, ACL Clardy, J Concepcion, GP De Silva, ED Discafani, C Fojo, T Frost, P Gibson, D Greenberger, LM Greenstein, M Harper, MK Mallon, R Loganzo, F Nunes, M Poruchynsky, MS Zask, A AF Ireland, CM Aalbersberg, W Andersen, RJ Ayral-Kaloustian, S Berlinck, RGS Bernan, V Carter, G Churchill, ACL Clardy, J Concepcion, GP De Silva, ED Discafani, C Fojo, T Frost, P Gibson, D Greenberger, LM Greenstein, M Harper, MK Mallon, R Loganzo, F Nunes, M Poruchynsky, MS Zask, A TI Anticancer agents from unique natural products sources SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy CY JUL 12-16, 2003 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy DE natural products; antitumor agents; NCDDG; sponges; fungi; marine microorganisms; hemiasterlins; austocystins ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; TUMOR-CELL LINES; IN-VIVO; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; CYTOTOXIC PEPTIDES; TYROSINE KINASE; TRIPEPTIDE HEMIASTERLIN AB The National Cooperative Natural Products Drug Discovery Group (NCNPDDG) "Anticancer Agents from Unique Natural Products Sources, CA 67786" was first awarded in September 1995. The goal of the project is to discover and develop novel anticancer agents from a variety of natural products sources. The key accomplishments of this NCDDG which will be highlighted in this manuscript include: Development of tools to probe fungi for the production of novel natural products by DNA-based probes. Discovery that the majority of these fungi can produce natural products via nonribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, or both - a much larger percentage than current culturing techniques reveal. Identification of the MDR-selective cytotoxic agent austocystin D, and use of a novel yeast deletion strain approach to help identify its molecular target(s). Identification of hemiasterlin and other naturally occurring analogs as potent antimitotic agents with excellent in vivo activity against human solid tumors in mouse models. Development of a total synthesis of hemiasterlin. The utilization of this methodology to provide the first SAR for the hemiasterlin family of antimitotic agents and to identify the synthetic analog HTI-286, which is being examined in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. To provided technology transfer, educational opportunities and compensation to countries of origin for collection and study of their natural product resources. This NCNPDDG program has provided funding to research programs at the University of the Philippines, The University of the South Pacific in the Fiji Islands, Colombo University in Sri Lanka, the Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the University of Papua New Guinea. C1 Univ Utah, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Wyeth Pharmaceut, Chem & Screening Sci, Pearl River, NY USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Wyeth Pharmaceut, Oncol Res, Pearl River, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Colombo, Dept Chem, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ S Pacific, Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Suva, Fiji. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ireland, CM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, 307 Skaggs Hall,30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM cireland@pharm.utah.edu RI Berlinck, Roberto/G-4756-2010; OI Berlinck, Roberto/0000-0003-0118-2523; de Silva, E. Dilip/0000-0001-8822-7186 NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2003 VL 41 SU S BP 15 EP 38 DI 10.1080/1388020039051742 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 877RK UT WOS:000225587500004 ER PT J AU Ogren, WL AF Ogren, WL TI Affixing the O to Rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Arabidopsis; carbon dioxide compensation point; George Bowes; Douglas Jordan; William Laing; Jerome Servaites; Christopher Somerville; Jack Widholm; oxygen inhibition; photosynthesis; soybean ID RIBULOSE DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON DIOXIDE; 1,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; LEAVES; OXYGENASE; PHOSPHOGLYCOLATE; ARABIDOPSIS; INHIBITION; PHOSPHATASE AB The source of glycolate in photorespiration and its control, a particularly active and controversial research topic in the 1970s, was resolved in large part by several discoveries and observations described here. George Bowes discovered that the key carboxylation enzyme Rubisco ( ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is competitively inhibited by O-2 and that O-2 substitutes for CO2 in the initial 'dark' reaction of photosynthesis to yield glycolate-P, the substrate for photorespiration. William Laing derived an equation from basic enzyme kinetics that describes the CO2, O-2, and temperature dependence of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the CO2 compensation point in C-3 plants. Jerome Servaites established that photosynthesis cannot be increased by inhibiting the photorespiratory pathway prior to the release of photorespiratory CO2, and Douglas Jordan discovered substantial natural variation in the Rubisco oxygenase/carboxylase ratio. A mutant Arabidopsis plant with defective glycolate-P phosphatase, isolated by Chris Somerville, definitively established the role of O-2 and Rubisco in providing photorespiratory glycolate. Selection techniques to isolate photorespiration- deficient plants were devised by Jack Widholm and by Somerville, but no plants with reduced photorespiration were found. Somerville's approach, directed mutagenesis of Arabidopsis plants, was subsequently successful in the isolation of numerous other classes of mutants and revolutionized the science of plant biology. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ogren, WL (reprint author), 28 Twin Pines Rd, Hilton Head Isl, SC 29928 USA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1023/A:1024913925002 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 705XJ UT WOS:000184422000004 ER PT J AU Portis, AR AF Portis, AR TI Rubisco activase - Rubisco's catalytic chaperone SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE activase; chaperone; enzyme regulation; photosynthesis; protein-protein interaction; Rubisco; temperature stress ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; GIBBERELLIN-BINDING PHOSPHOPROTEIN; ATP GAMMA-PHOSPHATE; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTISENSE PLANTS; LIGHT-ACTIVATION AB The current status of research on the structure, regulation, mechanism and importance of Rubisco activase is reviewed. The activase is now recognized to be a member of the AAA(+) family, whose members participate in macromolecular complexes that perform diverse chaperone-like functions. The conserved nucleotide-binding domain of AAA(+) family members appears to have a common fold that when applied to the activase is generally consistent with previous site-directed mutagenesis studies of the activase. Regulation of the activase in species containing both isoforms can occur via redox changes in the carboxy-terminus of the larger isoform, mediated by thioredoxin-f, which alters the response of activase to the ratio of ADP to ATP in the stroma. Studies of Rubisco activation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that light modulation is dependent on redox regulation of the larger isoform, providing a model for the regulation in other species. Further insights into the mechanism of the activase have emerged from an analysis of the crystal structures of Rubisco conformational variants and the identification of Rubisco residues that confer specificity in its interaction with the activase. The physiological importance of the activase is reinforced by recent studies indicating that it plays a vital role in the response of photosynthesis to temperature. Rubisco activase is one of a new type of chaperone, which in this case functions to promote and maintain the catalytic activity of Rubisco. C1 Univ Illinois, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, USDA, 190 ERML 120 Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 112 TC 271 Z9 289 U1 3 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2003 VL 75 IS 1 BP 11 EP 27 DI 10.1023/A:1022458108678 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 646QG UT WOS:000181045300002 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA Sicher, RC AF Bunce, JA Sicher, RC TI Daily irradiance and feedback inhibition of photosynthesis at elevated carbon dioxide concentration in Brassica oleracea SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article DE collard; irradiance; kohlrabi; saccharides; stomatal conductance; variety differences ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEASONAL PATTERNS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; RUBISCO ACTIVITY; WATER-STRESS; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; FIELD; LEAVES; PLANT AB The fundamental cause of down-regulation of photosynthesis at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC) is thought to be a slower rate of utilization of saccharides than their stimulated rate of production, but there are few studies directly supporting this idea under field conditions. We hypothesized that within Brassica oleracea, down-regulation would not occur in kohlrabi because it has a large sink for saccharides in an enlarged stem, but would occur in collards, which lack this sink. Field tests were consistent with this hypothesis. In collards, the degree of down-regulation of photosynthesis in plants grown at EC varied depending on the daily integral of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of the day prior to the measurement of photosynthetic capacity, as did leaf saccharide content. However, EC did not result in lower leaf contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, or nitrate in collards, nor was there any evidence of a triose phosphate utilization rate limiting photosynthesis. Experiments in controlled environment chambers confirmed that there was a threshold response for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in collards at EC to the PAR of the previous day, with down-regulation only occurring above a minimum daily integral of PAR. Down-regulation of photosynthesis could be induced in plants grown at ambient carbon dioxide by a single night at low temperature or by a single day with high PAR and EC. In the controlled environment study, the degree of down-regulation of photosynthesis was highly correlated with leaf glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and less well correlated with starch content. Hence down-regulation of photosynthesis at EC in collards in the field represented feedback inhibition from the accumulation of soluble saccharides and day-to-day variation in its occurrence was predictable from the weather. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ACSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ACSL, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6 CZ-160 00, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000027511.44995.66 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 819HO UT WOS:000221306100001 ER PT J AU Stout, JE AF Stout, JE TI Seasonal variations of saltation activity on a high plains saline playa: Yellow Lake, Texas SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; BLOWING DUST; BASINS; ENVIRONMENT; LUNETTES; ORIGIN; USA AB The Southern High Plains region of West Texas and eastern New Mexico is often described as a flat elevated tableland. Spaced across this vast and otherwise featureless plain are 21 large closed basins containing approximately 40 irregularly shaped saline playas. Yellow Lake, located on the Yellow House Ranch northwest of Lubbock, Texas, is among the largest of the High Plains saline playas. This paper represents the first report of a 4-yr. study of saltation activity at Yellow Lake. From December 30, 1998, to January 1, 2003, a fast-response piezoelectric saltation sensor was used to collect a continuous record of aeolian activity at a point on the playa surface. Since saltation activity is often associated with dust emissions, the saltation record also provides information regarding seasonal patterns of dust emissions from the Yellow House Basin. Results suggest that blowing events can occur at any time of the year when conditions are favorable; however, the necessary conditions are rarely satisfied. As a result, the saltation record is characterized by many hours of inactivity punctuated with brief periods of occasionally intense aeolian activity. From December 30, 1998, to January 1, 2003, saltation activity was detected for only 7% of the hours measured. Although there can be substantial deviations from one year to the next, it was found that saltation activity tends to peak during winter months when winds are moderately strong and precipitation is at a minimum. Hourly saltation activity values occasionally approached unity during intense winter blowing events, indicating nearly continuous sediment transport over a one-hour period. Saltation activity is at a minimum during summer months when winds are often weak and wet conditions prevail. Although winds are typically strongest during the spring season, the playa is relatively stable due to high threshold values produced by significant spring precipitation. This contrasts sharply with the surrounding cropland, which tends to be most active during the spring season. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.24.1.61 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 722KC UT WOS:000185373400003 ER PT J AU Nagle, GN Clifton, CF AF Nagle, GN Clifton, CF TI Channel changes over 12 years on grazed and ungrazed reaches of Wickiup Creek in Eastern Oregon SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; STREAM CHANNEL AB Stream channel cross sections were first compared in 1986 in grazed reaches and inside a 47-yr.-old grazing exclosure along Wickiup Creek in eastern Oregon. Significant differences between grazed and ungrazed channels were found at that time. In 1998, we measured 49 cross sections placed at a similar spacing inside the exclosure and in three grazed reaches in order to examine changes over 12 yr. Although the grazed channels were still significantly different than the ungrazed, in two out of three grazed reaches, the channels showed improvement in all parameters since 1985 although not all of these were statistically significant at the 90% level. Since 1990, the Wickiup riparian pasture has been managed more cautiously than many other streamside pastures in eastern Oregon and our results indicate that under careful grazing management, stream channels may show improvement from destructive past grazing without complete exclusion of livestock. As an alternative to the intensive method of measuring channel cross sections that was used in this study, we propose a rapid method of measuring stream channels that might be more useful in future studies of riparian grazing impacts. C1 Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Aquat Lands Interact Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nagle, GN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 95 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.24.1.77 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 722KC UT WOS:000185373400004 ER PT J AU Uitdewilligen, DCA Kustas, WP van Oevelen, PJ AF Uitdewilligen, DCA Kustas, WP van Oevelen, PJ TI Estimating surface soil moisture with the scanning low frequency microwave radiometer (SLFMR) during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) hydrology experiment SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th General Assembly of the European-Geophysical-Society CY APR 21-26, 2002 CL NICE, FRANCE SP European Geophys Soc DE SLFMR; surface soil moisture; microwave remote sensing ID DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; VEGETATION INDEXES; WET SOIL; EMISSION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; MODELS AB The scanning low frequency microwave radiometer (SLFMR) was used to map surface soil moisture (0-5 cm depth) during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) hydrology experiment. On June 29, July 2, and July 3. surface soil moisture maps with a pixel resolution of 200 m were obtained using a soil moisture retrieval algorithm, developed for L-band (1.4 GHz frequency, 21 cm wavelength) passive microwave data. In comparison with the 800 m resolution data from the electronically scanned thinned array radiometer (ESTAR), the higher resolution SLFMR data required a more site specific calibration. After calibration root mean square difference (RMSD) between model and observed surface soil moisture observations were on the order of 5%, Although the higher pixel resolution generally provided brightness temperatures of individual fields, it is also meant the greater spatial variability in land cover properties (primarily vegetation cover) were affecting the microwave observations and had to be accounted for in the soil moisture algorithm. Parameters in the soil moisture algorithm required local recalibration, particularly for the heavily vegetated fields, in order to account for vegetation effects on the microwave brightness temperatures. Thus having microwave data at resolutions that differentiate field boundaries with sharp contrasts in vegetation cover amounts will likely require greater variation in parameter values (and more uncertainty) be assigned to the soil moisture algorithm than at coarser resolutions. This result indicates that parameter values in the soil moisture algorithm may be resolution dependent under certain land cover conditions. particularly at resolutions that discriminate field boundaries. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Water Resources, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Water Resources, Niewe Kanaal 11, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00006-8 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 672NF UT WOS:000182526500005 ER PT J AU Burkey, KO Eason, G Fiscus, EL AF Burkey, KO Eason, G Fiscus, EL TI Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; SPINACIA-OLERACEA L; PICEA-ABIES L; ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS; APOPLASTIC ASCORBATE; OZONE DETOXIFICATION; PLANT-LEAVES; CELL-WALL; AMBIENT; AIR AB Leaf ascorbic acid content and redox status were compared in ozone-tolerant (Provider) and ozone-sensitive (S156) genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plants were grown in pots for 24 days under charcoal-filtered air (CF) conditions in open-top field chambers and then maintained as CF controls (29 nmol mol(-1) ozone) or exposed to elevated ozone (71 nmol mol(-1) ozone). Following a 10-day treatment, mature leaves of the same age were harvested early in the morning (06:00-08:00 h) or in the afternoon (13:00-15:00 h) for analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Vacuum infiltration methods were used to separate leaf AA into apoplast and symplast fractions. The total ascorbate content [AA + DHA] of leaf tissue averaged 28% higher in Provider relative to S156, and Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain [AA + DHA] content under ozone stress. Apoplast [AA + DHA] content was 2-fold higher in tolerant Provider (360 nmol g(-1) FW maximum) relative to sensitive S156 (160 nmol g(-1) FW maximum) regardless of sampling period or treatment, supporting the hypothesis that extracellular AA is a factor in ozone tolerance. Apoplast [AA + DHA] levels were significantly higher in the afternoon than early morning for both genotypes, evidence for short-term regulation of extracellular ascorbate content. Total leaf ascorbate was primarily reduced with AA/[AA+DHA] ratios of 0.81-0.90. In contrast, apoplast AA/[AA+DHA] ratios were 0.01-0.60 and depended on genotype and ozone treatment. Provider exhibited a greater capacity to maintain extracellular AA/[AA + DHA] ratios under ozone stress, suggesting that ozone tolerance is associated with apoplast ascorbate redox status. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7631, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 117 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170106.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629RA UT WOS:000180061600006 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB AF Kinraide, TB TI The controlling influence of cell-surface electrical potential on the uptake and toxicity of selenate (SeO42-) SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID DUNALIELLA-ACIDOPHILA; ROOT PROTOPLASTS; ALUMINUM; GROWTH; CHARGE; WHEAT; H+; PH; RESISTANCE; INTERPRET AB Root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Atlas 66) was inhibited by micromolar activities of SeO42-. SeO42- inhibition was enhanced by supplementation of the rooting medium with CaCl2, MgCl2, SrCl2, or the reduction of pH. These solute treatments, as well as the addition of tris (ethylenediamine)cobalt(3+), enhanced the uptake of Se by the roots. The results are interpreted to reflect an elevated PM-surface activity of SeO42- caused by solute-induced reductions of plasma membrane (PM) surface negativity. (PM-surface electrical potential is sometimes measured electrophoretically as the zeta potential.) This study complements an extensive literature documenting the suitability of an electrostatic model (Gouy-Chapman-Stern), based almost entirely upon experiments with cations rather than anions. The close correspondence among uptake, intoxication, and model-computed SeO42- activity at the PM surface adds credibility to the model and its evaluated parameters. The model may be useful for the interpretation of other plant-anion interactions, and phosphate and sulphate nutrition in acidic soils are considered as examples. C1 ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 117 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1046/j.0031-9317.2002.00002.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629RA UT WOS:000180061600008 ER PT J AU Martin, GS Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Magill, CW AF Martin, GS Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Magill, CW TI Reduced levels of cadinane sesquiterpenoids in cotton plants expressing antisense (+)-delta-cadinene SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium arboreum; cotton; Malvaceae; antisense cDNA; delta-cadinene synthase activity; gossypol ID DELTA-CADINENE SYNTHASE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TERPENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; NEROLIDYL DIPHOSPHATE; FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE; CYCLIZATION; REDUCTASE; GOSSYPOL AB Cotton plants were transformed with an antisense construct of cdn1-Cl, a member of a complex gene family of delta-(+)cadinene (CDN) synthase. This synthase catalyzes the cyclization of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate to form CDN, and in cotton, it occupies the committed step in the biosynthesis of cadinane sesquiterpenoids and heliocides (sesterterpenoids). Southern analyses of the digestion of leaf DNA from R(0), T(0), and T(1) plants with Hind III, Pst I and Kpn I restriction enzymes show the integration of antisense cdn1-Cl cDNA driven by the CaMV 35S promoter into the cotton genome. Northern blots demonstrate the appearance of can synthase mRNA preceding CDN synthase activity and the formation of gossypol in developing cottonseed. T(2) cottonseed show a reduced CDN synthase activity and up to a 70% reduction in gossypol. In T(1) leaves the accumulated amounts of gossypol, hemigossypolone and heliocides are reduced 92.4, 83.3 and 68.4%, respectively. These data demonstrate that the integration of antisense cdn1-Cl cDNA into the cotton genome leads to a reduction of CDN synthase activity and negatively impacts on the biosynthesis of cadinane sesquiterpenoids and heliocides in cotton plants. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Benedict, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM cr-benedict@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00432-6 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00432-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 641VY UT WOS:000180768800005 PM 12475616 ER PT J AU Marita, JM Ralph, J Hatfield, RD Guo, DJ Chen, F Dixon, RA AF Marita, JM Ralph, J Hatfield, RD Guo, DJ Chen, F Dixon, RA TI Structural and compositional modifications in lignin of transgenic alfalfa down-regulated in caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); Fabaceae; lignin; O-methyltransferase; benzodioxane; 5-hydroxyguaiacyl glycerol; NMR; transgenic plants ID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; A 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; NMR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; METHYLATION; POPLARS; LIGNIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; PATHWAYS AB Isolated lignins from alfalfa deficient in caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase contained benzodioxanes resulting from the incorporation of the novel monomer, 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol. Due to the high level incorporated into the soluble lignin fraction and the use of sensitive NMR instrumentation, unique structural features were revealed. A new type of end-unit, the 5-hydroxyguaiacyl glycerol unit, was identified. It was possible to establish that coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and the novel 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol can cross-couple with the 5-hydroxyguaiacyl units that are formed in the lignin, the latter giving rise to extended chains of benzodioxane units. There is also evidence that 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol couples with normal (guaiacyl or syringyl) lignin units. Lignin in the alfalfa deficient in caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase was structurally similar to the control lignin but the transgenic exhibited a dramatic decrease in lignin content (similar to20%) and modest increase in cellulose (similar to10%) reflecting a 30% increase in cellulose:lignin ratio. The compositional changes in both transgenics potentially allow enhanced utilization of alfalfa as a major forage crop by increasing the digestibility of its stem fraction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02301, RR02781, RR08438] NR 54 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00434-X DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00434-X PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 641VY UT WOS:000180768800008 PM 12475619 ER PT J AU Kuhajek, JM Jeffers, SN Slattery, M Wedge, DE AF Kuhajek, JM Jeffers, SN Slattery, M Wedge, DE TI A rapid microbioassay for discovery of novel fungicides for Phytophthora spp. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F SP MEDICAGINIS; INOCULUM PREPARATION; RESISTANT STRAINS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; FOSETYL-AL; METALAXYL; PARASITICA; GROWTH; INVITRO; SPORULATION AB A microbioassay was developed for the discovery of compounds that inhibit Phytophthora spp. This assay uses a 96-well format for high-throughput capability and a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore concentrations for maximum reproducibility Zoospore suspensions were quantifiable between 0.7 and 1.5x10(5) zoospores per ml using percent transmittance (620 nm). Subsequent growth of mycelia was monitored by measuring optical density (620 nm) at 24-h intervals for 96 h. Full- and half-strength preparations of each of three media (V8 broth, Roswell Park Memorial Institute mycological broth [RPMI], and mineral salts medium) and four zoospore concentrations (10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 zoospores per ml) were evaluated. Both full- and half-strength RPMI were identified as suitable synthetic media for growing P. nicotianae, and 1,000 zoospores per ml was established as the optimum initial concentration. The assay was used to determine effective concentration values for 50% growth reduction (EC50) for seven commercial antifungal compounds (azoxystrobin, fosetyl-aluminum, etridiazole, metalaxyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, pimaricin, and propamocarb). These EC50 values were compared with those obtained by measuring linear growth of mycelia on fungicide-amended medium. The microbioassay proved to be a rapid, reproducible, and efficient method for testing the efficacy of compounds that inhibit spore germination in P. nicotianae and should be effective for other species of Phytophthora as well. The assay requires relatively small amounts of a test compound and is suitable for the evaluation of natural product samples. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Clemson, SC 29734 USA. Univ Mississippi, NPURU, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kuhajek, JM (reprint author), Landcare Res, POB 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.46 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629PU UT WOS:000180058700005 PM 18944156 ER PT J AU de Souza, JT Weller, DM Raaijmakers, JM AF de Souza, JT Weller, DM Raaijmakers, JM TI Frequency, diversity, and activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in Dutch take-all decline soils SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial ecology; rhizosphere competence; suppressive soils ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; METABOLITE 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; ECOLOGICAL FITNESS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS; WHEAT ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE; FUNGUS AB Natural suppressiveness of soils to take-all disease of wheat, referred to as take-all decline (TAD), occurs worldwide, It has been postulated that different microbial genera and mechanisms are responsible for TAD in soils from different geographical regions. In growth chamber experiments,,we demonstrated that fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) play a key role in the natural suppressiveness of two Dutch TAD soils. First, 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were present on roots of wheat grown in both of the TAD soils at densities at or above the threshold density required to control take-all of wheat; in a complementary take-all conducive soil, population densities of 2,4-DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. were below this threshold level. Second, introduction of 2,4-DAPG-producing strain SSB17, a representative of the dominant geriotypic group found in the Dutch TAD soils, into the take-all conducive soil at population densities similar to the densities, of indigenous 2,4-DAPG producers found in TAD soils provided control of take-all similar to that observed in the TAD soil, Third, a mutant of strain SSB17 deficient in 2,4-DAPG production was not able to control take-all of wheat, indicating that 2,4-DAPG is a key determinant in take-all suppression, These results show that in addition to the physicochemically different TAD soils from Washington State, 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are also a key component of the natural suppressiveness found in Dutch TAD soils. Furthermore, it is the first time since the initial studies of Gerlagh (1968) that at least part of the mechanisms and microorganisms that operate in Dutch TAD soils are identified. Although quantitatively similar, the genotypic composition of 2,4-DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. varied between the Dutch TAD soils and the TAD soils from Washington State. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Washington State Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Raaijmakers, JM (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, Binnenhaven 5,POB 8025, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. RI Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.54 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629PU UT WOS:000180058700006 PM 18944157 ER PT J AU Winton, LM Manter, DK Stone, JK Hansen, EA AF Winton, LM Manter, DK Stone, JK Hansen, EA TI Comparison of biochemical, molecular, and visual methods to quantify Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii in Douglas-Fir foliage SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; DNA-PROBE; NEEDLES; ERGOSTEROL; SPRUCE AB A recent epidemic of Swiss needle cast along the Oregon coast has prompted efforts to quantify foliar infection and colonization of the causal agent Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. In this paper, we compare four methods to quantify colonization of Douglas-fir foliage by R gaeumannii: fruiting body abundance, ergosterol content, dot blot analysis, and TaqMan based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results from the four techniques were all significantly correlated. Fruiting body density and quantitative PCR are two methods least affected by the presence of other needle fungi and had the highest correlation. The methods also were used to compare foliage colonization in nine field sites exhibiting a range of disease severity. All four methods provided evidence that sites differed in the degree of fungal colonization, but only quantitative PCR consistently separated sites with moderate to severe levels of disease from sites with low disease estimated by foliage color, canopy density, and growth measurements. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Winton, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.1.121 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629PU UT WOS:000180058700014 PM 18944165 ER PT J AU Uhde-Stone, C Gilbert, G Johnson, JMF Litjens, R Zinn, KE Temple, SJ Vance, CP Allan, DL AF Uhde-Stone, C Gilbert, G Johnson, JMF Litjens, R Zinn, KE Temple, SJ Vance, CP Allan, DL TI Acclimation of white lupin to phosphorus deficiency involves enhanced expression of genes related to organic acid metabolism SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cluster root; Lupinus albus L.; malate dehydrogenase; phosphorus deficiency; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; proteoid root ID NODULE PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PROTEOID ROOT DEVELOPMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; GLYCINE-MAX L; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ZEA-MAYS; ALBUS L; PHOSPHATE STARVATION; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS AB White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) acclimates to phosphorus deficiency (-P) by the development of short, densely clustered lateral roots called proteoid (or cluster) roots. These specialized plant organs display increased exudation of citric and malic acid. The enhanced exudation of organic acids from P stressed white lupin roots is accompanied by increased in vitro phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. Here we report the cloning of full-length white lupin PEPC and MDH cDNAs. RNA blot analysis indicates enhanced expression of these genes in -P proteoid roots, placing higher gene expression at the site of organic acid exudation. Correspondingly, macroarray analysis of about 1250 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) revealed induced expression of genes involved in organic acid metabolism in -P proteoid roots. In situ hybridization revealed that PEPC and MDH were both expressed in the cortex of emerging and mature proteoid rootlets. A C(3) PEPC protein was partially purified from proteoid roots of P deficient white lupin. Native and subunit Mr were determined to be 440 kD and 110 kD, respectively. Citrate and malate were effective inhibitors of in vitro PEPC activity at pH 7. Addition of ATP partially relieved inhibition of PEPC by malate but had little effect on citrate inhibition. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that acclimation of white lupin to low P involves modified expression of plant genes involved in carbon metabolism. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Viterbo Univ, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. USDA ARS, MWA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Higher Inst Profess Educ Venlo, Div Sci Lab, Dept Tech Microbiol, NL-5822 BD Venlo, Netherlands. Forage Genet Int, W Salem, WI 54669 USA. RP Uhde-Stone, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dallan@soils.umn.edu OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 69 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2003 VL 248 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1023/A:1022335519879 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 646AG UT WOS:000181012200008 ER PT B AU Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Cary, JW Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Cary, JW Cleveland, TE BE Vasil, IK TI Disease resistant transgenic cotton to prevent preharvest aflatoxin contamination SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002 AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IAPTC&B Congress CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Univ Florida, Off Provost, Univ Florida, Technol & Grad Educ, Danone Grp, Monsanto, Pioneer Hi Bred, Soc Vitro Biol, Plant Sect, ProfiGen, Syngenta, Canadian IAPTC&B Chapter, Epicyte Pharmaceut Inc, Exelixis Plant Sci, NASA, Plant Biotechnol Inst, Scotts Co, USA IAPTC&B Chapter, ArborGen LLC, Epcot, Land Walt Disney World Resort, RiceTec Inc, UNESCO, Council Biotechnol Informat, Kluwer Acad Publ, Nestle, Paradigm Genet, ProdiGene, Weyerhaeuser, Phytomedics DE biotechnology; chloroperoxidase; food safety; Gossypium haloperoxidase; mycotoxin; synthetic peptide ID SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE D4E1; IN-VITRO; NONHEME CHLOROPEROXIDASE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; FUNGAL GROWTH; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; PATHOGENS; BACTERIA C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1126-1 PY 2003 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BW37K UT WOS:000181781600024 ER PT B AU Ow, DW AF Ow, DW BE Vasil, IK TI Site-specific gene stacking method SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002 AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IAPTC&B Congress CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Univ Florida, Off Provost, Univ Florida, Technol & Grad Educ, Danone Grp, Monsanto, Pioneer Hi Bred, Soc Vitro Biol, Plant Sect, ProfiGen, Syngenta, Canadian IAPTC&B Chapter, Epicyte Pharmaceut Inc, Exelixis Plant Sci, NASA, Plant Biotechnol Inst, Scotts Co, USA IAPTC&B Chapter, ArborGen LLC, Epcot, Land Walt Disney World Resort, RiceTec Inc, UNESCO, Council Biotechnol Informat, Kluwer Acad Publ, Nestle, Paradigm Genet, ProdiGene, Weyerhaeuser, Phytomedics ID INTEGRATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1126-1 PY 2003 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BW37K UT WOS:000181781600041 ER PT J AU Howell, CR AF Howell, CR TI Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CUCUMBER PLANTS; SEED TREATMENT; COTTON ROOTS; HARZIANUM C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Howell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2765 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 40 TC 415 Z9 524 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.4 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 632GH UT WOS:000180215200001 ER PT J AU Norelli, JL Holleran, HT Johnson, WC Robinson, TL Aldwinckle, HS AF Norelli, JL Holleran, HT Johnson, WC Robinson, TL Aldwinckle, HS TI Resistance of Geneva and other apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; disease susceptibility; Malus ID INTERNAL MOVEMENT; FIRE BLIGHT; CULTIVARS; PERFORMANCE; SCION AB When vigorously growing shoots of 49 different apple rootstocks grown in a greenhouse were inoculated with different strains of Erwinia amylovora, Budagovsky 9 (B.9), Ottawa 3, Malling 9, and Malling 26 were the most fire blight susceptible rootstocks and Geneva 11, Geneva 5, Geneva 16, Geneva 30, Pillnitzer Au51-11, Malling 7, and several breeding selections were the most resistant. Significant strain-rootstock interactions were observed in the amount of fire blight that resulted from inoculation. Field-grown fruiting 'Royal Gala' trees on Geneva 16 and Geneva 30 rootstocks were highly resistant to rootstock infection (no tree mortality) when trees sustained severe blossom infection with E. amylovora, compared with Malling 9 and Malling 26 rootstock clones, which were highly susceptible to infection (36 to 100% tree mortality). In contrast to potted own-rooted B.9 plants inoculated in a greenhouse, B.9 rootstocks of orchard trees appeared resistant to rootstock infection (0% tree mortality). Orchard trees on Geneva I I were moderately resistant to rootstock infection (25% tree mortality). There was general agreement in the evaluation of resistance under orchard conditions when rootstock resistance was evaluated in relation to controlled blossom inoculation or to natural blossom infection. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Woodland Hills, CA 95695 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Norelli, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.26 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 632GH UT WOS:000180215200005 ER PT J AU de Capdeville, G Beer, SV Watkins, CB Wilson, CL Tedeschi, LO Aist, JR AF de Capdeville, G Beer, SV Watkins, CB Wilson, CL Tedeschi, LO Aist, JR TI Pre- and post-harvest harpin treatments of apples induce resistance to blue mold SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE control; disease; fungus; fruit; Malus domestica ID ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE; FRUITS AB Harpin was studied for its ability to induce resistance in apple fruit to blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum after harvest. Red Delicious fruit were harvested and sprayed with harpin at 0, 40, 80, and 160 mg/liter applied as a commercial formulation. At 48, 96, and 144 h after treatment, fruit were wound inoculated with spore suspensions of R expansum at 10(3), 5 x 10(3), or 10(4) spores/ml. The diameters of the resulting lesions were directly proportional to the inoculum concentration. Fewer fruit treated with harpin became infected relative to the controls' and disease progress was considerably reduced. In a second experiment, apple trees of the cultivars McIntosh, Empire, and Red Delicious were sprayed with different concentrations of harpin 8 or 4 days before harvest. Fruit were harvested, wounded, inoculated with the fungus, and stored in a commercial cold room. Fewer fruit treated with harpin became infected compared with the controls. Greater control resulted from the higher concentrations of harpin, but no difference in control occurred as a function of interval between the spray time and harvest. Spraying apple trees with harpin a few days before harvest is a promising strategy for reducing blue mold decay in storage. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotechnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Aist, JR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.39 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 632GH UT WOS:000180215200007 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Smith, JD Kidwell, KK AF Paulitz, TC Smith, JD Kidwell, KK TI Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae on wheat and barley cultivars from the Pacific Northwest SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Rhizoctonia root rot; Triticum aestivum; Waitea circinata ID ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; ROOT-ROT; SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; WAITEA-CIRCINATA; SOLANI AG-8; PATHOGENICITY; TURFGRASSES; ZEAE AB Rhizoctonia oryzae (teleomorph = Waitea circinata) causes sheath spot of rice and root rot of wheat and barley. R. oryzae commonly is isolated from barley, wheat, and pea plants in eastern Washington and Idaho. Eight representative isolates were tested for virulence on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Madsen), and hard red spring wheat (cv. Scarlet) planted in natural soil in the greenhouse and maintained at 16degreesC. All isolates caused significant reduction of emergence in barley, but only seven of the eight isolates and one of the eight isolates reduced emergence of winter wheat and spring wheat, respectively. All isolates caused significant stunting and reduction in the number of seminal roots, root length, and number of root tips on wheat and barley. Some isolates also reduced the frequency of fine secondary roots, resulting in a reduction of the average root diameter. Spring barley was more susceptible to R. oryzae than winter or spring wheat. The main effects of both cultivar and isolate were significant, and there was a significant isolate-cultivar interaction. R. oryzae isolate 80042 was the most virulent on barley, whereas R. oryzae isolate 801387 was the most virulent on wheat. The two isolates from pea were intermediate in virulence on wheat and barley. When screening germ plasm for potential resistance, isolates exhibiting the maximum virulence for each host should be used. C1 USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.51 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 632GH UT WOS:000180215200009 ER PT J AU Uyemoto, JK Bulluck, LR Pethybridge, S McCorkell, B Asai, WK AF Uyemoto, JK Bulluck, LR Pethybridge, S McCorkell, B Asai, WK TI Horizontal spread of ilarviruses in young trees of several peach cultivars SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE horizontal spread; peach stunt disease; Prune dwarf virus; Prunus necrotic ring spot virus AB Natural spread of Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ring-spot virus (PNRSV) was monitored among healthy trees of six peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars interplanted into a mature peach orchard between virus-infected trees of the cultivar Carson. Spread of PDV to a few trees of cvs. Andross, Carson, and Halford occurred during bloom just after the dormant test trees were planted in the orchard, as indicated by serological and biological assays during the next season. In contrast, virus infections in cvs. Dr. Davis, Loadel, and Ross were not detected until the fourth to sixth growing seasons. By the seventh season, cumulative transmissions for PDV and PNRSV were 41 and 9, respectively, which included double virus infections in five test trees. Significant differences in cumulative transmission of PDV but not of PNRSV occurred by the fourth season (P = 0.0020). Overall, virus infections among the six cultivars ranged from 70 to 100%. C1 USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tasmania, NW Ctr, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. Dept Primary Ind Water & Environm, Newtown, Tas 7008, Australia. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Modesto, CA 95358 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 75 EP 77 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.75 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 632GH UT WOS:000180215200013 ER PT J AU Grant, DW Peters, DPC Beck, GK Fraleigh, HD AF Grant, DW Peters, DPC Beck, GK Fraleigh, HD TI Influence of an exotic species, Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. on seedling emergence and growth of native grasses SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agropyron smithii; allelopathy; Bouteloua gracilis; competition; invasive weed; shortgrass steppe ID BUNCHGRASS BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; ADVENTITIOUS ROOT DEVELOPMENT; COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS; RUSSIAN KNAPWEED; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; CENTAUREA-REPENS; SOIL-WATER; ECOSYSTEM AB Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an invasive perennial forb, Acroptilon repens ( Russian knapweed), on seed emergence and seedling survival of four native grass species that are important in semiarid grasslands of North America. Greenhouse experiments and field studies conducted at three sites in Colorado, USA were used to examine the response by four perennial grasses: Bouteloua gracilis, Koelaria cristata, Sporobolus cryptandrus, and Agropyon smithii to A. repens. In the greenhouse, seeds of each species were sown in pots that contained either live A. repens roots, A. repens litter on the soil surface, or both roots and litter. Field transects were placed inside stands of A. repens with adjacent control transects in the surrounding grass-dominated community. Emergence and initial survival were decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for K. cristata (35%), B. gracilis (31%), and S. cryptandrus (44%) in the greenhouse, and 57, 32, and 36%, respectively, in the field. Root weight was decreased by the presence of A. repens roots for both B. gracilis and K. cristata by more than 55% in the greenhouse. A. smithii survival and growth were unaffected by A. repens in either the greenhouse or the field. These species-specific responses to the presence of A. repens may explain, at least in part, differences in susceptibility and recovery of sites with different native grass species composition. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu NR 52 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PY 2003 VL 166 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1023221024593 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 665BR UT WOS:000182100200001 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Johnson, HB Tischler, CR AF Polley, HW Johnson, HB Tischler, CR TI Woody invasion of grasslands: evidence that CO(2) enrichment indirectly promotes establishment of Prosopis glandulosa SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; emergence; seedling survival; southwestern US; water relations; woody plant invasion ID HONEY MESQUITE; WATER RELATIONS; VEGETATION CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL-WATER; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN TEXAS; PLANT INVASION AB Grasslands worldwide have been invaded by woody species during the last 200 years. Atmospheric CO(2) enrichment may indirectly have facilitated invasion by reducing soil water depletion by grasses. We used a two-step correlative approach to test this hypothesis with the invasive and native shrub honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa). 1) Water content to 0.15 m depth was measured in grassland exposed to a CO(2) gradient from 200 to 550 mumol/mol to evaluate the prediction that CO(2) enrichment lessens soil water depletion by grasses. 2) Soil water content and emergence and survival of mesquite seedlings were measured in adjacent grassland plots from which grass roots were excluded to 0.15 m depth to reduce water depletion or that were irrigated to increase soil water levels. With these measurements, we tested the hypothesis that mesquite establishment is limited by water. Excluding grass roots doubled emergence of mesquite and almost tripled the fraction of emergent seedlings that survived for 12 weeks following the first of two plantings. Seedlings were taller, heavier, and had greater leaf area when grown without grass roots. Root exclusion did not measurably affect soil water during the 3-week period of seedling emergence, but soil water content over the 12 weeks that seedling survival was studied was higher in plots from which grass roots were excluded and following an April than May planting. Survivorship of mesquite seedlings correlated positively with soil water content. Percentage survival of seedlings increased from 1.5% to 15% and 28% at the soil water content measured in grassland exposed to CO(2) concentrations of 270 (preindustrial), 360 (current), and 550 mumol/mol (future), respectively. We infer that recent and projected increases in atmospheric CO(2) concentration may be large enough to increase establishment of invading mesquite seedlings in grasslands that are severely water-limited. C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM polley@brc.tamus.edu NR 51 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 620BY UT WOS:000179514300008 ER PT J AU Bryant, RJ Rao, DR Ogutu, S AF Bryant, RJ Rao, DR Ogutu, S TI alpha and beta-galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide content in peanuts SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-galactosidase; Arachis hypogaea L.; beta-galactosidase; enzyme; peanut; raffinose; stachyose ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; PROTEIN; SUGARS AB Thirty-three peanut cultivars were examined for their alpha-1,6 and beta-1,4 galactosidase activities and oligosaccharide contents along with proximate compositions. The average moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were: 4.9%, 26.6%, 43.1%, 2.3% and 23.1%, respectively. The corresponding coefficients of variation were: 5.2%, 10.1%, 7.2%, 7.8% and 15.7%, respectively. Raffinose and stachyose contents (%) ranged from 0.05 to 0. 12 and 0.31 to 0.61, respectively. The specific activity (mumol product/min/mg protein) of crude preparation of alpha-galactosidase for the 33 cultivars ranged from 1.096 to 2.784 for the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 2.432 for the germinated seeds; the mean values for non-germinated and germinated seeds were: 1.781 and 1.410. respectively. The specific activity of beta-galactosidase ranged from 0. 10 1 to 1.727 in the non-germinated seeds and from not being detected in some samples up to 0.898 in the germinated seeds. Germination decreased the activity of both galactosidases significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05). C1 ARS, Dale Bumpters Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Bryant, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpters Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, POB 287, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM rbryant@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PY 2003 VL 58 IS 3 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1023/B:QUAL.0000040351.01307.ed PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 848ND UT WOS:000223473500003 PM 15366262 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Biles, CL AF Russo, VM Biles, CL TI Fertilizer rate and beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity in pepper fruit at different stages and years of harvest SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE development; enzymes; fertilizer rate; fruit; pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) ID MEXICAN-TYPE PEPPERS; BLUEBERRY FRUIT; CAPSICUM; TOMATO; MATURATION; ETHYLENE; CAPSAICINOIDS; LOCALIZATION; INVOLVEMENT; ISOENZYMES AB beta-galactosidase and peroxidase are enzymes reported to have roles in pepper maturation. Fertilizer rate may affect activity of these enzymes in fruit maturing on the plant. Nine pepper cultivars, five non-pungent and four pungent, were fertilized at two rates in field plots in 1997 and 1998 at Lane, OK. USA. Fruit were harvested at mature green, turning, and red color developmental stages, and assayed for beta-galactosidase and peroxidase activity. Overall fruit beta-galactosidase activity increased as fertilizer rate increased, and was highest in red fruit. Fertilizer rate and fruit developmental stage did not affect peroxidase activity in 1997, but peroxidase activity was highest in red fruit in 1998. Enzyme activity appeared to be cultivar dependent, and patterns differed in both years. Activities of both enzymes were higher at the red stage in many of the non-pungent peppers than in pungent peppers. These data suggest that increased fertilizer affects the activity of at least one enzyme in fruit. maturing on the plant. Cultural practices affecting enzyme activity may be used to modify concentrations of components in plants that are important for human consumption. C1 ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. E Cent Univ, Dept Biol, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PY 2003 VL 58 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1023/B:QUAL.0000040312.26474.29 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 848ND UT WOS:000223473500005 PM 15366264 ER PT S AU Griesbach, RJ Beck, RM AF Griesbach, RJ Beck, RM BE Forsline, PL Fideghelli, C Richards, K Meerow, A Knupffer, H Niens, J Stoner, A Thorn, E Tombolato, AFC Williams, D TI Use of the chalcone synthase gene intron in characterizing Petunia taxa SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: THE FABRIC OF HORTICULTURE'S FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE molecular markers; taxonomy; flavonoid ID GRANDE-DO-SUL; SANTA-CATARINA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; SOLANACEAE; BRAZIL; SOUTHERN; HYBRIDA; PHYLOGENY AB Most molecular marker studies compare DNA segments that are under selection pressure and can only measure genetic distance and not evolutionary distance. Evolutionary distance measurements requires a segment of DNA that can freely accumulate all types of mutations (point, translocation, inversion, etc.). The true relationships between species can only be determined through evolutionary distance measurements. Because the exact sequence of an intron is not needed for function, mutations can accumulate without affecting function. A method was developed to characterize the chalcone synthase gene intron. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of several Petunia taxa is being used to develop an evolutionary tree of the gene. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Floral & Nursery Plants Res, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-167-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 623 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX65P UT WOS:000186004000013 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, KE BE Forsline, PL Fideghelli, C Richards, K Meerow, A Knupffer, H Niens, J Stoner, A Thorn, E Tombolato, AFC Williams, D TI Partnerships promoting the conservation of fruit genetic resources SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: THE FABRIC OF HORTICULTURE'S FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE germplasm; plant distribution; plant preservation AB Limited human and fiscal resources require that partnerships be formed for the conservation, documentation, and evaluation of fruit and nut plant genetic resources. Plant exploration and exchange efforts have always required diplomacy and collaboration. The Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction Section of the United States Department of Agriculture was the precedent for the present National Plant Germplasm System. Current genetic resource partnerships involve international, governmental, educational, and private institutions as well as consortia. The future of continued global exchange of plant germplasm conservation rests in diplomacy and bilateral agreements. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-167-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 623 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX65P UT WOS:000186004000027 ER PT S AU Boyden, LE Cousins, P AF Boyden, LE Cousins, P BE Forsline, PL Fideghelli, C Richards, K Meerow, A Knupffer, H Niens, J Stoner, A Thorn, E Tombolato, AFC Williams, D TI Evaluation of Vitis aestivalis and related taxa as sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: THE FABRIC OF HORTICULTURE'S FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Meloidogme; grape; breeding; rootstock; genetics ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; XIPHINEMA-INDEX AB Development of rootstocks with resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is a top priority in grape breeding. Accessions of Vitis aestivalis Michx. resistant to root-knot nematodes have been identified. Vitis aestivalis is native to eastern North America and has historically been more important in breeding fruiting varieties than in rootstock development. This species is very difficult to propagate from cuttings, essentially precluding its direct use as a rootstock. Hybridization with easily propagated rootstock selections will be required to utilize any nematode resistance found in V aestivalis. Progeny testing was used to assess the breeding value of potential sources of nematode resistance, including V. aestivalis and two related taxa. Three V. aestivalis accessions, all held in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System collection, were evaluated. V x slavinii Rehder is a natural hybrid of V aestivalis and V. riparia that has been used in breeding rootstocks resistant to the dagger nematode Xiphinema index. Vitis nesbittiana Comeaux is native to Mexico; little evaluation of the nematode and disease resistance of this species has been reported. Vitis aestivalis, V. x slavinii, and V. nesbittiana were crossed with the rootstock varieties Riparia Gloire, 1616 Couderc, 99 Richter, Schwarzmann, and Dog Ridge. Hybrid seedling resistance was measured by counting the stained nematode egg masses visible per root system. Roots were stained in an eosin-Y solution (0.25 g/L for one hour) six weeks after inoculation with approximately 1500 second stage Meloidogyne spp. juveniles. Two populations of nematodes were used, representing populations either avirulent (M. incognita) or virulent (Meloidogyne spp.) on the grape rootstock Harmony. Several accessions showed useful levels of nematode resistance in their hybrid seedlings, but Vitis nesbittiana seedlings demonstrated especially high levels of resistance; this species has great potential for use in rootstock breeding. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Boyden, LE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-167-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 623 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX65P UT WOS:000186004000030 ER PT S AU Cousins, P Lauver, M AF Cousins, P Lauver, M BE Forsline, PL Fideghelli, C Richards, K Meerow, A Knupffer, H Niens, J Stoner, A Thorn, E Tombolato, AFC Williams, D TI Segregation of resistance to root-knot nematodes in a Vitis vulpina hybrid population SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: THE FABRIC OF HORTICULTURE'S FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Meloidogyne; grape; rootstock; genetics; breeding ID ROOTSTOCKS AB The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) resistance of a seedling population derived from Vitis vulpina L. was evaluated to investigate the genetic control of nematode resistance in this grape species. The female parent of the population is the phylloxera resistant grape rootstock 161-49C, a V riparia x V. berlandieri hybrid. This rootstock is known to be homozygous for the alleles conferring susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita and also does not contribute resistance to N virulent (= Harmony virulent) root-knot nematodes to its progeny. The male parent is an accession of V. vulpina (accession DVIT 1280) held in the collection of the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. The nematode resistance of this V. vulpina accession has not been determined, but root-knot nematode resistance has been reported in grape rootstocks with V. vulpina in their parentage. Resistance was assessed in greenhouse pot culture with nematode reproduction measured by counting egg masses present on seedling roots six weeks after inoculation with second stage juvenile nematodes. Three nematode populations were used to evaluate seedling resistance. Two of the nematode populations are virulent on Harmony, a grape rootstock resistant to most Meloidogyne incognita populations. The third nematode population is a Meloidogyne incognita population avirulent on Harmony. In each of the three nematode population screenings the grape seedlings segregated in a pattern consistent with a 1:1 ratio of resistant:susceptible. However, since each seedling was challenged by only a single nematode population, it cannot yet be determined if the resistance to N virulent and N avirulent nematodes is due to the same or different alleles. The V. vulpina parent of the population, accession DVIT 1280, is heterozygous for at least one dominant allele conferring resistance to root-knot nematodes. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cousins, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-167-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 623 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX65P UT WOS:000186004000034 ER PT S AU Cousins, P Lauver, M AF Cousins, P Lauver, M BE Forsline, PL Fideghelli, C Richards, K Meerow, A Knupffer, H Niens, J Stoner, A Thorn, E Tombolato, AFC Williams, D TI Response to root-knot nematodes in a Vitis monticola hybrid population SO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: THE FABRIC OF HORTICULTURE'S FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Meloidogyne; grape; rootstock; genetics; breeding ID RESISTANCE AB Accessions of the grape species Vitis monticola Buckley have been reported to be resistant to a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, with resistance conditioned by a single dominant allele. New sources of root-knot nematode resistance are needed in grape rootstocks because of the emergence of nematode populations that are virulent on rootstocks with resistance derived from V. x champinii Planch.; these nematodes are termed "N virulent" or "Harmony virulent" populations in reference to their diagnostic grape rootstock host. Resistance against two types of root-knot nematodes was evaluated in seedlings of a cross of V. monticola and a grape rootstock. The male parent is an accession of V. monticola (accession DVIT 1376) held in the collection of the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. The nematode resistance of this V. monticola accession has not been determined. 161-49C, a V. riparia x V. berlandieri hybrid, is the female parent of the population. This phylloxera resistant rootstock is known to be homozygous for the alleles conferring susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita and also does not contribute resistance to Harmony virulent root-knot nematodes to its progeny. Resistance was evaluated in greenhouse pot culture using egg mass counts as a measure of nematode reproduction. Meloidogyne incognita (N avirulent) and N virulent (=Harmony virulent) nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) were used to separately challenge the seedlings. The seedlings demonstrated segregation for resistance to N avirulent M. incognita nematodes in a pattern consistent with a 1:1 resistant:susceptible ratio. Vitis monticola accession DVIT 1376 is heterozygous for resistance to N avirulent M. incognita. However, the seedlings were very susceptible to N virulent root-knot nematodes. Vitis monticola is a source of nematode resistance, but accession DVIT 1376 does not offer resistance superior to that available in contemporary grape rootstock varieties. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cousins, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-167-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 623 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX65P UT WOS:000186004000035 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, PJ Schmelz, EA Moussatche, P Lund, ST Jones, JB Klee, HJ AF O'Donnell, PJ Schmelz, EA Moussatche, P Lund, ST Jones, JB Klee, HJ TI Susceptible to intolerance - a range of hormonal actions in a susceptible Arabidopsis pathogen response SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Xanthomonas; Pseudomonas; disease; ethylene; salicylic acid; jasmonic acid ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; SALICYLIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; CAMPESTRIS PV. VESICATORIA; PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSES; RECEPTOR GENE FAMILY; CELL-DEATH; JASMONIC ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ETHYLENE RESPONSES AB Ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) are key intermediates in a host's response to pathogens. Previously, we have shown using a tomato compatible interaction that ethylene and SA act sequentially and are essential for disease symptom production. Here, we have examined the relationship between the two signals in the Arabidopsis-Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc ) compatible interaction. Preventing SA accumulation by expression of the nahG gene reduced subsequent ethylene production and altered the development of disease symptoms, with plants showing no visible chlorosis. The ethylene insensitive lines, etr1-1 and etr2-1 , on the other hand, accumulated SA and exhibited normal but precocious symptom development. Therefore, Arabidopsis , like tomato, was found to exhibit co-operative ethylene and SA action for the production of disease symptoms. However, in Arabidopsis , SA was found to act upstream of ethylene. Jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid levels were also found to increase in response to Xcc . In contrast to ethylene, accumulation of these hormones was not found to be dependent on SA action. These results indicate that the plants response to a virulent pathogen is a composite of multiple signaling pathways. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA 2, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Genesis Res & Dev Corp, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008 NR 56 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01619.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 636UJ UT WOS:000180475400004 PM 12535339 ER PT J AU Ostry, ME Ward, KT AF Ostry, ME Ward, KT TI Field performance of Populus expressing somaclonal variation in resistance to Septoria musiva SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tissue culture; intraclonal variation; disease resistance; tree improvement ID SOMATIC VARIATION; LEAF-SPOT; POPLAR; FREQUENCY; CULTURES; INVITRO; DISEASE AB Over 1500 trees from two hybrid poplar clones regenerated from tissue culture and expressing somatic variation in leaf disease resistance in a laboratory leaf disk bioassay were field-tested for 5-11 years to examine their resistance to Septoria leaf spot and canker and to assess their growth characteristics compared with the source clones. Somaclones expressed a wide range of disease reactions and growth rates. Generally, the leaf disk bioassay did not predict the resistance of the trees to stem cankers in the field; however, several selected somaclones outperformed the source clones. Results from this study indicate that somaclonal selection for desirable tree traits, such as disease resistance in Populus, may be feasible if a highly effective selective bioassay can be employed and if the trait is stable in the field. Cell and tissue culture conditions themselves apparently increased the growth rate of some of the regenerated trees compared with the source clones. At this time the cause of the random variation in disease resistance and tree growth is unknown and obtaining disease resistance in Populus using somaclonal selection is difficult and unpredictable. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1561 Lindig Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mostry@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 AR PII S0168-9452(02)00282-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00282-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 629ET UT WOS:000180038000001 ER PT J AU Fellman, JK Rudell, DR Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP AF Fellman, JK Rudell, DR Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP TI Relationship of harvest maturity to flavor regeneration after CA storage of 'Delicious' apples SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE flavor regeneration; CA storage; esters; harvest maturity; Malus domestica ID COMPOUND PRODUCTION; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; FRUIT; RESPIRATION AB Red Delicious producers in the USA face increased pressure to produce fruit with optimum 'on-shelf' dessert quality following storage. In addition to firmness and soluble solids measurement other ripening-related events affect flavor perception. Ester production is always closely linked to the onset of climacteric ripening, while prolonged low-oxygen storage is usually detrimental to volatile production. Experiments focused on timing of the optimum harvest for maintaining sweetness, sourness and aroma generating capacity during CA storage. In multiple-harvest experiments with 'Redchief Delicious' apples, we investigated the relationship between the internal ethylene maturity indicator and flavor retention and regeneration after storage for different lengths of time. Using a cohort of untrained panelists, it was found that overall flavor perception and perceived fruit ripeness begins to increase at the onset of the climacteric. CA conditions reduce post-storage volatile production when compared with those stored in refrigerated air although not to a level below those displayed in 'over-mature' fruit at harvest after 3 months in storage. As harvest maturity advanced, the time required to regenerate aroma volatiles to an 'optimum' level after removal from CA storage decreased markedly. A linear relationship between attainment of optimal eating quality and time out of storage was established. Firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity of fruit from all harvest dates remained at acceptable levels throughout the post-storage ripening period. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Postharvest Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fellman, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Postharvest Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00193-X DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00193-X PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 641WA UT WOS:000180769000005 ER PT S AU Spooner, DM van den Berg, RG Bryan, GJ del Rio, A AF Spooner, DM van den Berg, RG Bryan, GJ del Rio, A BE Yada, RY TI Species concepts and relationships in wild and cultivated potatoes SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Solanum section Petota; taxonomy ID SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; BREVICAULE COMPLEX SOLANACEAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SERIES LONGIPEDICELLATA; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; MOLECULAR-DATA; REEXAMINATION; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION AB Wild and cultivated potatoes (Solanum section Petota) present challenges to taxonomists arising from lack of clearly defined morphological character differences among many species, phenotypic plasticity, a range of ploidy levels from diploid to hexaploid, and hybrid speciation and introgression. Taxonomic treatments of the group have differed greatly regarding numbers of species and hypotheses of their interrelationships at the series level. Recent morphological phenetic studies and molecular studies have confirmed the general lack of clearly defined species, have shown the need to use a number of character states with overlapping ranges for species delimitation (polythetic support), and have suggested the need for the reduction of species in section Petota. Molecular studies have sometimes confirmed hypotheses of hybridization and sometimes have failed to support them. Molecular studies have suggested the need for a reconsideration of the traditionally held series concepts. Currently, section Petota contains 196 wild species and a single cultivated species, Solanum tuberosum, with eight landrace cultivar groups, exclusive of the modern cultivars that are not yet classified into cultivar groups. The number of wild species likely will decrease with future study. These points are here illustrated by (1) a discussion of published species level studies in Solanum series Longipedicellata, the Solanum brevicaule complex, and the cultivated landrace populations of potatoes; (2) reinvestigations of hybridization in S. chacoense, S. raphanifolium and S. x rechei; and (3) studies of ingroup and outgroup relationships of section Petota. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 63 EP 75 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600008 ER PT S AU McCue, KF Allen, PV Rockhold, D Corsini, DL Shepherd, LVT Davies, H Moehs, CP Joyce, P AF McCue, KF Allen, PV Rockhold, D Corsini, DL Shepherd, LVT Davies, H Moehs, CP Joyce, P BE Yada, RY TI Reduction of total steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers using antisense constructs of a gene encoding a solanidine glucosyl transferase SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE solanine; chaconine; genetic modification; lenape; desiree; field trials ID PLANT TRANSFORMATION; ALPHA-CHACONINE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; PROTEIN AB Accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) toxicants in potatoes affects food quality and safety. High levels of SGAs hamper breeding efforts to develop new varieties of potatoes with improved agronomic and post harvest properties. To speed breeding efforts for reducing SGAs in breeding lines and correcting flawed selections we are taking a molecular genetic approach to reduce SGAs. A cDNA encoding a solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT) was isolated and used to construct antisense transgenes transcribed from either the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S or a tuber-specific granule bound starch synthase promoter. Transgenic lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar 'Lenape' expressing these transgenes exhibit phenotypes with significantly lower SGAs. Field trails over several years in Idaho and Wisconsin resulted in reproducible and statistically significant reductions of up to 40% of tuber SGAs. Reduction in SGAs is accompanied by expression of Sgt antisense RNA transcripts and a reduction in SGT protein levels. Analysis of transgenic cultivar 'Desiree' lines expressing an antisense Sgt revealed essentially complete down-regulation of solanine biosynthesis in several transgenic lines. Chaconine accumulation in these lines was not significantly affected. Additional transgenes encoding SGT and other SGA related sequences are currently being evaluated. C1 USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCue, KF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Moehs, Charles Paul/0000-0002-8907-4852 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600009 ER PT S AU Brown, CR Mcjtahedi, H Santo, GS AF Brown, CR Mcjtahedi, H Santo, GS BE Yada, RY TI Characteristics of resistance to Columbia root-knot Nematode introgressed from several Mexican and North American wild potato species SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE Meloidogyne chitwoodi; Solanum bulbocastanum; Solanum hougasii; Solanum fendleri; gene mapping; resistance genes; germplasm enhancement; breeding ID MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; CULTIVATED POTATO; HOUGASII; TOMATO; MAPS AB The Columbia root-knot nematode (CRN), Meloidogyne chitwoodi is a serious pest of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the US and in the Netherlands. At present, control is achieved by chemical fumigation, a costly practice. Resistance has been found in several wild species endemic to Mexico and the United States. This type of resistance is expressed as lower root infestation rates and a barrier to the successful establishment of a feeding site, giant cell, and reproduction. In resistant roots, the juveniles remain in a vermiform stage. It appears that localized cell death accompanies the resistance reaction, suggesting the functioning of an R-gene. The inheritance and chromosomal location was identified for two sources of resistance, Solanum bulbocastanum, a diploid, and S. hougasii, a hexaploid, as the upper arm of chromosome 11. The localization of resistance to the same chromosome suggests synteny and the possible presence of the primitive B genome of S. bulbocastanum in S. hougasii. Recent surveys have confirmed that two out of 12 plant introduction accessions of S. fendleri tested were 100% resistant to race 1 of CRN. Resistance derived from S. bulbocastanum was introduced into cultivated potato by protoplast fusion, and a traditional backcrossing program has produced advanced breeding clones with root-knot resistance, good horticultural type, acceptable fry color and long tuber shape. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600012 ER PT S AU Simko, I Haynes, KG Jones, RW Costanzo, S Christ, BJ AF Simko, I Haynes, KG Jones, RW Costanzo, S Christ, BJ BE Yada, RY TI Identification of molecular markers linked to the Verticillium wilt resistance gene homologue in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE marker-assisted selection; microsatellite markers; evolutionary relationship; linkage disequilibrium; Verticillium dahliae; Verticillium albo-atrum ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; TOMATO; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGEN; DAHLIAE; CLONES; VE AB Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease predominantly caused by the soil-borne fungi Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum. Most of the commercial potato cultivars grown in the USA are susceptible to Verticillium, resulting in significant crop losses. Development of new cultivars with resistance gene(s) against the pathogen can be assisted with molecular marker technology that allows identification and tracking of resistance genes. In tomato, resistance to Verticillium dahliae is conferred by two closely linked genes (Ve1, Ve2) that were mapped to chromosome 9. We have employed primers that amplify the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain from tomato Ve1 and Ve2 genes. Verticillium resistance gene homologues have been detected in resistant cv. 'Reddale' when using these primers and genomic DNA as a template. Deduced amino acid sequence shared high identity with Ve1 (87%-90%) and Ve2 (88%-91%) tomato resistance genes. The StVe1 - a potato homologue to the Ve1 gene - mapped to the genomic position corresponding to the tomato Ve1 gene. Microsatellite markers linked to the StVe1 have been used to screen 48 (mostly) tetraploid genotypes of various pedigrees. One of the tested markers showed high linkage with Verticillium resistance (p < 0.001). The correlation is mainly based on the complete absence of resistant genotypes that lack the STM1051 marker (similar to190bp size band). The STM1051 marker has a potential use in the detection of genotypes that are susceptible to Verticillium. Our results suggest that there may be a direct evolutionary relationship between Verticillium resistance genes in potato and tomato. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600013 ER PT S AU Navarre, DJ Thomas, P Brown, C Kachroo, P AF Navarre, DJ Thomas, P Brown, C Kachroo, P BE Yada, RY TI Systemic acquired resistance in potato SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE salicylic acid; crop protection; pathogen; plant defense; disease resistance ID SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a defense mechanism that is increasingly being exploited for crop protection. However, successful utilization of SAR will likely require optimization of defense induction for each crop followed by a determination of the pathogens against which SAR is effective. We are examining the capacity of different potato tissues to mount an SAR response. Both free and bound basal salicylic acid (SA) concentrations were measured in leaves, flowers, stems, roots and tubers. SA levels were the highest in leaves and flowers, with concentrations of up to 15 mug/gram fresh weight. Relative to Arabidopsis or tobacco, high SA levels were also found in stems, roots and tubers. SAR induction by different SAR elicitors, including harpin and BTH was examined. PR-1 was expressed constitutively, in the absence of elicitation. Little or no increase in PR-1 gene expression was seen after treatment with SAR inducers. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Navarre, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600019 ER PT S AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC BE Yada, RY TI Role of ethylene in naphthalene-mediated sprout growth inhibition in potato SO POTATOES - HEALTHY FOOD FOR HUMANITY: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Horticultural Congress CY AUG 11-17, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Guelph DE buds; dormancy; eyes; postharvest storage; Solanum tuberosum L.; tubers ID DIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE AB A number of substituted naphthalenes reversibly inhibit potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) sprout growth and may have potential as commercial sprout inhibitors. Sprout growth is also reversibly inhibited by ethylene treatment and ethylene production is often stimulated by xenobiotics. The role of endogenous ethylene in naphthalene-mediated sprout growth inhibition was examined using a variety of ethylene biosynthesis and action inhibitors. Ethylene evolution from intact potato tubers was significantly stimulated following treatment with alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), but not by 1,4- or 1,6-dimethylnaphthalene treatment. An increase in ethylene production was observed 24 h after NAA treatment, reached a maximum 48-72 h post-treatment and declined gradually thereafter. In addition to NAA, a variety of structurally unrelated auxins also stimulated ethylene production and inhibited sprout growth. Neither the non-competitive (Ag thiosulfate) nor the competitive (2,5-norbornadiene) ethylene antagonists affected NAA-induced growth inhibition. Simultaneous treatment with the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor AVG blocked NAA-induced ethylene production but did not affect subsequent sprout growth inhibition. These results suggest that the sprout inhibiting effects of NAA, but not those of 1,4 or 1,6-dimethyl-naphthalene, are related to intrinsic auxin-like bioactivity and are not dependent on endogenous ethylene synthesis or action. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N,POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-360-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 619 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BY55F UT WOS:000189406600045 ER PT J AU Zhu, JJ Lillehoj, HS Allen, PC Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Cheng, HH Pollock, D Sadjadi, M Min, W Emara, MG AF Zhu, JJ Lillehoj, HS Allen, PC Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Cheng, HH Pollock, D Sadjadi, M Min, W Emara, MG TI Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to coccidiosis and growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QTL; disease resistance; coccidiosis; growth; chicken ID WHOLE GENOME SCAN; AFFECTING BODY-WEIGHT; EIMERIA-TENELLA; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAREKS-DISEASE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; GENETIC-VARIATION; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; CHICKEN GENOME; LESION SCORES AB To map QTL associated with disease resistance to avian coccidiosis and growth, two commercial broiler lines with different degrees of resistance to the disease were crossed to generate an F-1 generation that was intercrossed to produce 314 F-2 generation offspring. The F-2 offspring were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima. Five disease-associated phenotypes were measured after the infection. Intertrait comparisons revealed that oocyst shedding was a good parameter for evaluating disease resistance or susceptibility. One hundred nineteen microsatellite markers, covering 80% of the chicken genome with an average marker interval of 25 cM, were used for genotyping of F-1 parents and F-2 offspring. Statistical analysis based on the data of four families revealed a locus on chromosome 1 associated with oocyst shedding (logarithm of odds = 3.46). The genetic mechanism of this locus appeared additive. The genomic scan also identified three potential growth QTL on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. These results provide the foundation for further investigation to validate the QTL. C1 ARS, USDA, PBESL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, GEML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, ADOL, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Perdue Farms Inc, Salisbury, MD 21802 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PBESL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500002 PM 12580238 ER PT J AU Ding, ST Li, YC Nestor, KE Velleman, SG Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST Li, YC Nestor, KE Velleman, SG Mersmann, HJ TI Expression of turkey transcription factors and acyl-coenzyme oxidase in different tissues and genetic populations SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; gene expression; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; acyl-coenzyme A oxidase ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; BODY-WEIGHT; COA OXIDASE; PPAR-ALPHA; RESPONSE ELEMENT; SHANK WIDTH; FATTY-ACIDS; AMINO-ACID; RAT AB Several transcription factors are involved in regulating lipid metabolism in various animal tissues. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and PPARalpha regulate lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Gene fragments for PPARgamma, PPARalpha, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACO) have been cloned in turkeys, and the sequences of these genes were highly homologous to those of chickens; pigs, and humans. Data showed that turkey PPARgamma and PPARalpha were highly homologous (>97%) with that of the chicken, indicating the genetic relationship between those two species was close. The tissue distribution and genetic effect on mRNA concentrations of PPARgamma, PPARalpha, and ACO in two genetic populations of turkeys [randombred control (RBC2) and growth selected (F line)] was determined. The PPARgamma mRNA was highly expressed in adipose tissue in both populations, but there was no difference between the two populations. The PPARalpha mRNA concentration was high in the liver with less expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The PPARalpha mRNA concentration was similar between the two genetic populations. The ACO mRNA was expressed in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver with no difference between the genetic populations. The data suggest that both turkey liver and adipose tissue have considerable capability for fatty acid oxidation and synthesis. Long-term selection for increased 16-wk BW in the F line had no effect on the expression of PPARgamma, PPARalpha, and ACO. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ding, ST (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500003 PM 12580239 ER PT J AU Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Shellem, TA Doerr, JA AF Dalloul, RA Lillehoj, HS Shellem, TA Doerr, JA TI Enhanced mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a Lactobacillus-based probiotic SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTERFERON-PRODUCTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; TENELLA; COLONIZATION; CHICKENS; COCCIDIOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION AB The effect of feeding a Lactobacillus-based probiotic on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subpopulations and subsequent protection against coccidiosis was investigated in broiler chickens. Day-old male broilers were fed standard rations without control (CONT) or with a commercial probiotic (PROB) Primalac. Differences in IEL subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry at 21 d postprobiotic treatment. At 25 d of age, a group of randomly selected birds from each diet was inoculated orally with 10,000 (per bird) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina and kept on the same diets. Fecal material, sera, and intestinal washes were collected 10 d postchallenge with E. acervulina. Birds on the PROB diet had more IEL expressing the surface markers CM, CD4, CD8, and alphabetaTCR than those of the CONT diet. The probiotic-fed chickens produced less oocysts (P < 0.0001) compared to the untreated, control group (368 x 10(6) in CONT vs. 89 x 10(6) in PROB). The interferon-γ levels in both serum and intestinal secretions were not significantly different between the two groups. However, CONT group showed higher antibody levels against a recombinant coccidial antigen in the intestinal secretions than the PROB group. No significant difference was found in serum antibody levels against the same antigen. These results clearly indicate that the probiotic bacteria impacted the local immune response as characterized by altered IEL subpopulations and increased the birds' resistance to E. acervulina as reflected by reduced oocyst shedding. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doerr, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 27 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500010 PM 12580246 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Gast, RK Stone, HD AF Seo, KH Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Gast, RK Stone, HD TI Detection of Salmonella enteritidis - Specific immunoglobulin A antibodies in crop samples from chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mucosal immunity; immunoglobulin A; Salmonella; crop; poultry immunity ID LYMPHOID-TISSUES; COLONIZATION; HENS AB The crop (ingluvies), an organ for food storage in most avian species when the proventriculus is full, is located at the base of the esophagus. Little is known about any immunological capacity in the crop, and the current study was conducted to determine whether any antibodies to SE could be found in crop flushes taken from White Leghorn hens following infection with this organism. Surprisingly, an exceptionally strong IgA anti-SE response could be detected in the crops of hens 17 d postchallenge, and a comparison at Day 22 of crop vs: intestinal IgA anti-SE responses showed a good correlation between anti-SE antibody levels in the two regions. Histologic examination of crop tissues revealed development of lymphoid aggregates in the crop walls following challenge with SE. These results indicate that the crop may serve a role in immune protection in addition to its capacity as a food storage organ. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, OPDEF HFS300, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500011 PM 12580247 ER PT J AU Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP AF Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP TI Hypoglycemia and reduced feed intake in broiler chickens treated with metformin SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metformin; appetite; hypoglycemia; insulin; glucagons ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; VOLUNTARY FOOD-INTAKE; AMINO-ACID INFUSIONS; HEPATIC PORTAL-VEIN; DOMESTIC-FOWL; INSULIN; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; MECHANISM; OBESITY AB The bi-guanide metformin is used to treat noninsulin dependent diabetes in obese patients. In addition to having -antihyperglycemic effects, metformin is also anorectic and reduces BW. These studies were performed to determine if metformin possesses similar properties in chickens. Metformin-HCl was administered to 14-day-old broiler chickens at either 300 or 600 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for 10 d while monitoring BW and feed intake. No changes in water intake were observed, while feed intake and daily gains were only significantly reduced by the 600 mg/kg dose. After oral administration of a single dose of 300 mg/kg metformin-HCl, feed intake was significantly reduced by 4 h and remained suppressed for greater than 24 h relative to controls. Plasma hormones and metabolites (glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, nonesterified fatty acid, and triglycerides) were monitored at 1,2, 3, 6, and 24 h posttreatment. Significant and acute decreases in blood glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were observed at 3 h posttreatment as compared to controls. Opposing acute increases in glucagon and NEFA levels were also observed at 3 h followed by an increase in uric acid 6 h. posttreatment. These observations suggest that metformin induces metabolic changes in birds, similar to that observed in mammals and may act in a common manner. Metformin-HCl may be useful in glucose metabolism studies by inducing hypoglycemia, a condition rarely observed in birds. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ashwell, CM (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500015 PM 12580251 ER PT J AU McNeal, WD Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ AF McNeal, WD Fletcher, DL Buhr, RJ TI Effects of stunning and decapitation on broiler activity during bleeding, blood loss, carcass, and breast meat quality SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carcass quality; decapitation; electrical stunning; meat quality ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; RIGOR DEVELOPMENT; SLAUGHTER; CHICKENS; POULTRY AB Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of electrical stunning and decapitation on bird activity as well as,carcass and meat quality. In Experiment 1, broilers were subjected to one of four stunning and killing methods: no stun and neck cut, stun and neck cut, no stun and decapitation, and stun and decapitation. Birds were scored for severity of physical activity on a scale of 1 to 4 with 1 being no activity and 4 being severe wing flapping and muscular contractions. Carcasses were also scored for red wing tips and broken bones. In Experiments 2 to 4, all birds were stunned prior to neck cut or decapitation. Carcasses were scored as described in Experiment 1 as well as measurements of blood loss, feather removal, and breast meat pH, color, cook loss, and tenderness. Based on carcass activity in Experiment 1, decapitation following stunning was similar to a conventional stun and unilateral neck cut, except there was almost no late activity (after 60 s) observed in the decapitated birds. Decapitation following stunning did not result in any consistent, carcass quality defects compared to conventional killing in the four experiments. No differences were found in 24-h lightness values, yellowness, cook yield, tenderness, and ultimate pH between conventionally killed and decapitated birds. Blood loss and breast meat redness were inconsistent. These results indicate that high frequency stunning and decapitation may be an acceptable alternative to conventional slaughter based on carcass and meat quality and by ensuring an irreversible loss of consciousness. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fletcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500025 PM 12580261 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Berrang, ME Dickens, JA Fletcher, DL Cox, NA AF Northcutt, JK Berrang, ME Dickens, JA Fletcher, DL Cox, NA TI Effect of broiler age, feed withdrawal, and transportation on levels of coliforms, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Salmonella on carcasses before and after immersion chilling SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler transportation; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; feed withdrawal; Salmonella ID LOWER GUT CONTENTS; JEJUNI; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; SLAUGHTER; CHICKENS; FLOCKS; RECOVERY; SHEAR; TRACT AB A study was conducted to determine effects of bird age at slaughter, feed withdrawal, and transportation on levels of coliforms, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella on carcasses before and after immersion chilling. Broilers were processed at 42, 49, and 56 d of age after a 12-h feed withdrawal period or a 0-h feed withdrawal period (full fed). At each age, broilers were processed from two commercial farms previously identified as Campylobacter positive. One week before slaughter, broilers were gavaged with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. During bleeding, cotton plugs were inserted into the cloaca of each carcass. Whole-carcass rinses (WCR) were performed before and after immersion chilling with 20 ppm sodium hypochlorite, and rinses were analyzed for coliforms, Campylobacter. E. coli and Salmonella. Log(10) counts for coliforms, Campylobacter, and E. coli were (P < 0.05) affected by bird age at slaughter. Feed withdrawal (FW) affected only Campylobacter on carcasses of older broilers (56 d of age). Chilling with sodium hypochlorite resulted in log(10) reductions of 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 0.5 for coliforms, Campylobacter, E. coli, and Salmonella, respectively. Under the conditions of this experiment, it appears that. contamination on the exterior of birds entering the processing facility is critical to carcass bacterial counts. Moreover, carcass bacterial counts did not vary when microbial counts of broilers were comparable: FW may increase prechill carcass counts for E. coli and Campylobacter, but it appears to have no effect on postchill carcass counts when sodium hypochlorite is used in the chilling operation. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 32 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 638RF UT WOS:000180583500026 PM 12580262 ER PT B AU Heermann, DF Diker, K Buchleiter, GW Brodahl, MK AF Heermann, DF Diker, K Buchleiter, GW Brodahl, MK BE Stafford, J Werner, A TI The value of additional data to locate potential management zones in commercial corn fields under center pivot irrigation SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture CY 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE response zones; spatial variability; multi-year yield; variable rate applications AB The identification of management zones and writing management prescriptions is a major question facing producers to implement precision farming. How much and what kind of data are required is the question of most producers. The exploration of temporal frequency analysis of yield data that can be easily understood by the producer is the focus of this paper. The frequency of high and low yield was combined to estimate the yield response zones. Results showed that the two-state frequency analysis required at least two years of data. The use of a three-state model for analysis of one years data provided an estimate of 25% and 15% and the two-state model with five years of data estimated 39% and 15% to be in the high and low response zones, respectively. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, AERC, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Heermann, DF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, AERC, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-76998-21-3 PY 2003 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BX77H UT WOS:000186384100039 ER PT B AU McKinion, JM Jenkins, JN Willers, JL Read, JJ AF McKinion, JM Jenkins, JN Willers, JL Read, JJ BE Stafford, J Werner, A TI Developing a wireless LAN for high speed transfer of precision agriculture information SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture CY 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE wireless; local area network; application maps; internet AB A wireless local area network (WLAN) was established on a commercial cotton farm to demonstrate the application of off-the-shelf equipment to provide rapid, bidirectional data transfer from the farm base station and application machinery such as combines, planter, pickers and spray equipment. A coverage area of 500 ha was established using a base station and three repeater stations. Bidirectional communication with the farm was established using the DirecWay satellite Internet service. Application maps were transmitted directly to application equipment. NDVI maps were transmitted to the farm via satellite. The WLAN used IEEE802.11b wireless equipment on the 2.4 GHz ISM band. C1 USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McKinion, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-76998-21-3 PY 2003 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BX77H UT WOS:000186384100058 ER PT B AU Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Evans, DE Millen, JA AF Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Evans, DE Millen, JA BE Stafford, J Werner, A TI Spatial variation of N fertilizer response in the southeastern USA coastal plain SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture CY 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE irrigation; nitrogen; production functions; response curves; soil map units ID IRRIGATION; NITROGEN AB Spatial variation in grain yield often justifies site-specific management. We tested maize yield response to irrigation and N using site-specific center pivots. One pivot (CP2) included twelve soil map units; the other (CP1) consisted of almost wholly the predominant soil. Under CP2, marginal N response ranged from -55 to 33 kg/kg in 1999, from -69 to 53 kg/kg in 2000, and from -31 to 46 kg/kg in 2001. Where negative, N was not the yield-limiting factor. Spatial variation on the more-uniform soil was less but not negligible. Both cases showed distinct spatial patterns. Explanations and incorporation into precision agriculture recommendations remains a challenge. C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-76998-21-3 PY 2003 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BX77H UT WOS:000186384100090 ER PT B AU Cambardella, CA Isenhart, TM Schilling, KE Drobney, P Schultz, RC AF Cambardella, CA Isenhart, TM Schilling, KE Drobney, P Schultz, RC BE Fore, S TI Soil carbon assessment across a native prairie reconstruction chronosequence SO PROCEEDING OF THE 18TH NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE CONFERENCE: PROMOTING PRAIRIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Prairie Conference CY JUN, 2002 CL Kirksville, MO DE soil carbon; tallgrass prairie; savanna; ecosystem reconstruction ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CULTIVATION AB Reconstructing disturbed prairie ecosystems to the native state can potentially result in large increases in soil carbon. We quantified soil profile carbon at Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge near Prairie City, Iowa, to determine the effect of time since prairie reestablishment on soil carbon accumulation. Blocks of land have been reconstructed to native prairie at the refuge every year since 1993. We used a stratified sampling design to identify sampling locations within 6 reconstructed areas, 3 native remnant areas, and 2 cultivated areas blocked by 3 upland soil types. Geographic information system coverages of all possible sampling locations were created, and an area grid and random number generator were used to select exact sampling locations. Global positioning system coordinates were used to locate sampling sites in the field. Soil cores were collected in May 2000 to a depth of 120 cm, using a truck-mounted or modified, hand-held soil sampler. Total soil carbon to a depth of 120 cm averaged across all sites ranged from 77.9 to 105.5 mg C/ha. Coefficients of variation ranged from 3% to 46%. We did not observe a consistent positive change in soil carbon contents in the prairie reconstruction chronosequence with time since reconstruction. Cultivated or remnant sites did not have consistently less or more soil carbon than reconstructed sites. Variability was relatively high despite the stratified design. Landscape-scale changes in total soil carbon are difficult to detect over the short term, primarily due to landscape-scale spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon contents and inconsistent impacts of historic management practices on current soil carbon stocks. Future work at the refuge will focus on minimizing these problems in order to optimize our ability to detect changes in ecosystem parameters. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cambardella, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRUMAN STATE UNIV PRESS PI KIRKSVILLE PA 100 E NORMAL ST, KIRKSVILLE, MO 63501 USA BN 1-931112-36-3 PY 2003 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY80V UT WOS:000189468000011 ER PT B AU Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Wang, XP Soltis, LA Erickson, JR Forsman, JW AF Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Wang, XP Soltis, LA Erickson, JR Forsman, JW BE Beall, FC TI Vibration techniques for structural evaluation of wood floor systems SO Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood CY AUG 19-21, 2002 CL Univ Calf Berkeley, Berkeley, CA SP Forest Products Lab HO Univ Calf Berkeley C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA PY 2003 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCC10 UT WOS:000228553500056 ER PT B AU Dwyer, JF Klenosky, DB AF Dwyer, JF Klenosky, DB BE Murdy, JJ TI The implications of demographic chance in metropolitan areas for the use recreation sites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 06-08, 2003 CL Bolton, NY SP E Carolina Univ, George Mason Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, SUNY, Cortland, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Penn State Univ, Univ New Hamphire, Univ New Haven, Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Green Mt Natl Forest, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, West Virginia Univ, Westfield State Coll AB This paper reports on a study of outdoor recreation preferences and behavior of 618 (non-Hispanic) White, 647 African American, and 346 Hispanic Americans in Cook County, Illinois. Respondents were contacted by a phone survey using random digit dialing and a quota for each group. Binary logistic regression models were estimated to explain the use of 19 sites in and near the Chicago Metropolitan Area and one distant site. These models are used to help explain the implications of demographic change for participation at individual recreation sites. Suggestions are made for improving subsequent modeling efforts aimed at explaining the use of recreation sites in and near Metropolitan areas. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 317 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Planning & Development; Sociology SC Public Administration; Sociology GA BBA56 UT WOS:000224411500001 ER PT B AU Absher, JD Kasul, RL AF Absher, JD Kasul, RL BE Murdy, JJ TI Methodological and conceptual issues in time development of customer service measures for the National Recreation Reservation Service SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 06-08, 2003 CL Bolton, NY SP E Carolina Univ, George Mason Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, SUNY, Cortland, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Penn State Univ, Univ New Hamphire, Univ New Haven, Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Green Mt Natl Forest, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, West Virginia Univ, Westfield State Coll AB The National Recreation Reservation Service (NRRS) customer service monitoring protocol includes methodological and conceptual issues related to opt-in and non-response bias across different reservation channels and stages of the reservation process. The limited available data show that opt-in rates and non-response bias may not be large in general, but might be quite problematic at times. The data suggest that monitoring processes should be continued and improved. The results also suggest that phone surveys are relatively bias-free and perhaps necessary for some user groups, and that quality assurance of email or internet surveys will be more difficult. Suggestions are offered to improve response bias checks and attain preferred quality standards. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 317 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Planning & Development; Sociology SC Public Administration; Sociology GA BBA56 UT WOS:000224411500008 ER PT B AU More, TA Long, C Averill, JP AF More, TA Long, C Averill, JP BE Murdy, JJ TI Solitude, nature, and cities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 06-08, 2003 CL Bolton, NY SP E Carolina Univ, George Mason Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, SUNY, Cortland, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Penn State Univ, Univ New Hamphire, Univ New Haven, Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Green Mt Natl Forest, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, West Virginia Univ, Westfield State Coll ID EXPERIENCE AB Solitude is an important motive for participation in many leisure activities. This paper reviews the evidence about the psychology of solitude experiences obtained from two studies conducted with University of Massachusetts students. The first study identified three independent dimensions of solitude: inner-directed, outer-directed, and loneliness. The second study, which differentiated between positive (inner-/outer-directed) and negative (loneliness) solitude, found that episodes of both kinds were common: 2 to 3 times per week, typically lasting from 4 to 16 hours. Positive episodes tended to occur during the day, while negative episodes occurred at night. The implications for various park and recreation agencies are explored. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 317 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Planning & Development; Sociology SC Public Administration; Sociology GA BBA56 UT WOS:000224411500032 ER PT B AU Dennis, DE AF Dennis, DE BE Murdy, JJ TI Segmenting of empirical estimates of choice models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 06-08, 2003 CL Bolton, NY SP E Carolina Univ, George Mason Univ, Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, SUNY, Cortland, SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Penn State Univ, Univ New Hamphire, Univ New Haven, Univ Vermont, USDA Forest Serv, Green Mt Natl Forest, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, West Virginia Univ, Westfield State Coll ID CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; PREFERENCES; MANAGEMENT; DESIGN AB Managers are often interested in determining how different types of people will respond to alternate management strategies. Preferences for multiple-objective strategies can be estimated using choice models. Respondents can then be segmented according to their preference structures by techniques such as discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and subsampling. The most appropriate technique depends on the needs of the analyst or manager and the sample design used. Limitations resulting from the initial sample design of choice experiments are discussed. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2003 VL 317 BP 366 EP 369 PG 4 WC Planning & Development; Sociology SC Public Administration; Sociology GA BBA56 UT WOS:000224411500049 ER PT S AU Owens, CL AF Owens, CL BE Hajdu, E Borbas, E TI SNP detection and genotyping in Vitis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRAPE GENETICS AND BREEDING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding CY AUG 26-31, 2002 CL KECSKEMET, HUNGARY SP Res Inst Vine & Wine, Int Soc Hort Sci DE single nucleotide polymorphism; indel; marker; association testing AB Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are a highly abundant class of DNA polymorphisms in plant and animal genomes. SNPs can occur anywhere in the genome, and can contribute directly to a phenotype or can be associated with a phenotype as a result of linkage disequilibrium, making them highly useful tools for studying the genetics of complex phenotypic traits. An understanding of the patterns of SNP diversity and frequency within the Vitis genome will aid the utilization of SNPs for molecular breeding and genomics research in grape. Our objectives were to estimate the SNP genotype and haplotype frequency within Vitis vinifera as well as several additional North American Vitis species. The DNA sequence diversity of 16 loci derived from expressed sequence tags and full-length cDNA sequences was measured. Each locus Was sequenced from 10 individuals representing Vitis vinifera and 4 additional North American Vitis species. The data indicated that Vitis vinifera has one SNP approximately every 34 bp. The haplotype frequency was approximately 15/kb. Additional loci and genotypes are now being sequenced and the identified SNPs are being tested on a larger pool of un-sequenced genotypes. Many high-throughput assays exist for the large-scale genotyping of SNPs. The testing of SNP genotyping assays and the utility of these assays for grape breeding and genomics research will be discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Owens, CL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-956-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 603 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX01Q UT WOS:000183949700017 ER PT S AU Cousins, P Lauver, M Boyden, L AF Cousins, P Lauver, M Boyden, L BE Hajdu, E Borbas, E TI Genetic analysis of root-knot nematode resistance derived from Vitis mustangensis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRAPE GENETICS AND BREEDING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding CY AUG 26-31, 2002 CL KECSKEMET, HUNGARY SP Res Inst Vine & Wine, Int Soc Hort Sci DE Meloidogyne; grape; rootstock; genetics; breeding ID ROOTSTOCKS AB Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are serious pests in grape production, especially in warm areas. Rootstocks resistant to root-knot nematodes are used to combat these pests. Nematode resistant rootstocks used in the United States include Freedom, Harmony, Dog Ridge, and Ramsey. The nematode resistance in these varieties is thought to be derived from Vitis mustangensis (all four rootstocks) or V mustangensis and V. solonis (Freedom and Harmony). Dog Ridge and Ramsey are considered natural V mustangensis hybrids, while Freedom and Harmony are complex hybrids that include Dog Ridge in their parentage. These rootstocks all apparently owe their resistance to the N allele. Although these rootstocks are resistant to many M. incognita populations, M. arenaria and M. incognita populations have been identified in California that are virulent on these rootstocks, damaging them severely. These "N virulent nematodes" pose a new and significant threat to grape production in the United States. New rootstocks are needed with resistance to the N virulent nematode populations. We have identified several Vitis species that provide resistance to N virulent nematodes and are investigating the genetic control of the resistance. We examined progeny populations from crosses with V. mustangensis and V mustangensis hybrids. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with root-knot nematode juveniles once two true leaves were present. Resistance evaluation was by egg mass counting six weeks after inoculation. Resistance to N virulent nematodes was inherited as a single dominant allele and appears to confer resistance both to the N virulent Meloidogyne sp. and N avirulent M. incognita nematodes. The V. mustangensis accessions used in this genetic study are sources of resistance superior to that found in Dog Ridge, Freedom, and Harmony. Vitis mustangensis promises to be a useful source of nematode resistance for use in rootstock breeding. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cousins, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-956-7 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 603 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BX01Q UT WOS:000183949700019 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, MG TI New synonyms in the genus Obrima Walker (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), with additional distribution records SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Acanthermia; Obrima didactica; Obrima pyraloides; Obrima rinconada; distribution; Costa Rica AB The monotypic genus Acanthermia Hampson 1926 is congeneric with Obrima Walker 1856 (new synonym). Two new synonymies of Obrima didactica (Dyar) 1914 (new combination) are proposed: Acanthermia dyari Hampson (1926) and Obrima cymbae Pogue (1998). Additional distributional records from Costa Rica are included. Adults of all Obrima species are illustrated to show intraspecific variation. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Sysemat Entomol Lab, Plant Sci Lab,USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Sysemat Entomol Lab, Plant Sci Lab,USDA ARS, POB 37012,MRC-168a, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500003 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI Proboscidotylus nigrosquamis (Maldonado) (Heteroptera : Miridae : Orthotylinae): New combination and first record for the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Heteroptera; Miridae; Orthotylinae; new combination; descriptions; distribution AB Parthenicus nigrosquamis Maldonado, described and previously known only from Puerto Rico, is reported for the first time in the United States from Key West, Florida. Based on head morphology, vestiture, and male genital structures, this species is removed from Parthenicus Reuter and transferred to the monotypic genus Proboscidotylus Henry (n. comb.), previously known only from Mexico. The type species of Proboscidotylus, P. carvalhoi Henry, and P. nigrosquamis are redescribed and their relationships are discussed. Scanning electron micrographs of selected structures, dorsal and lateral photographs, and illustrations of male genitalia for both species are provided to help facilitate recognition. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Sysemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20506 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Sysemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20506 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500007 ER PT J AU Nickle, DA AF Nickle, DA TI A checklist of commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at US ports-of-entry (1983-1999). Part 1. Key to genera SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE thrips; pests of flowers; Europe; Africa AB Although there are more than 1,000 described species of thrips from Europe, the Mediterranean region, and Africa, since 1983 only 130 species have been intercepted in cargo and shipments of plants coming into the various ports-of-entry in the United States. Of these, only 23 species consistently made up ca, 85% of the identifiable thrips. This paper is a checklist of thrips commonly intercepted on plants coining into the U.S. from Europe, the Mediterranean region, and Africa; keys, with figures are included for the 57 represented genera. It is the first of a five-part series aimed to facilitate identifications by port identifiers at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal arid Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS), ports-of-entry. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nickle, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 80 EP 99 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500011 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI Survival of larvae and nymphs of Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari : Ixodidae) in four habitats in Maryland SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE blacklegged tick; immature stages; Nepal microstegium ID WOODS-PASTURE INTERFACE; BLACKLEGGED TICK ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; HOST-SEEKING; LYME-DISEASE; NEW-JERSEY; NEW-YORK; MICROHABITAT; ADULTS AB Host-seeking and fed larvae and nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, were placed in mesh packets and in vials in the leaf litter on the floor of mixed deciduous forest, Virginia pine-southern red oak forest, and white pine plantations with and without Nepal microstegium, Microstegium vimineum (Trinius) A. Camus. An introduced shade-tolerant grass, Nepal microstegium, is expanding its range northeastward into areas densely populated with I. scapularis. As determined by flag Sampling, the density of host-seeking nymphs at the Virginia pine sites was much lower than in the other habitats. None of the four habitats appeared to be consistently more favorable or unfavorable for the survival of confined fed and unfed I. scapularis larvae and nymphs. More unfed nymphs survived in vials than in packets in Virginia pine and white pine with Nepal grass sites. Fed larvae and nymphs tended to Survive file Summer better than unfed ticks. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500014 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE Smith, DR AF Grissell, EE Smith, DR TI First report of Epitraninae (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae) in the Nearctic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Syst Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Syst Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500028 ER PT J AU Grissell, EE AF Grissell, EE TI Discovery of Monodontomerus osmiae Kamijo (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) in the new world SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Grissell, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500029 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI Expanding ranges for four species of invasive sawflies (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) in eastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 246 EP 248 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 636KK UT WOS:000180454500030 ER PT B AU Miller, LC Whiting, RM Fountain, MS AF Miller, LC Whiting, RM Fountain, MS BE Eversole, AG TI Foraging habits of mallards and wood ducks in a bottomland hardwood forest in Texas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 11-15, 2003 CL Mobile, AL SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy DE acorns; food habits; food preferences; mallard; wood duck ID FOOD USE; AVAILABILITY; MISSISSIPPI AB Although winter foods of mallards (Anas platyrhyncos) and wood ducks (Aix sponsa) have been documented in several studies, no such research has been conducted in natural bottomland hardwood forests in eastern Texas. We collected 40 mallards and 38 wood ducks and sampled available foods in eastern Texas during winters 1987-1988 and 1988-89 to study food habits and preferences. Acorns from four oak species comprised > 89 % and > 99 % of the diets of mallards and wood ducks, respectively. Nuttall oak (Quercus texana) acorns made up > 67 % of the diet of each species both years. Program PREFER indicated seeds of deciduous holly (flex decidua) and willow oak (Q. phellos) acorns were favored by mallards and wood ducks, respectively; preferences overlapped widely among potential foods, however. Although bottomland systems provide critical habitat for wintering waterfowl, their contributions can be enhanced by applying established silvicultural techniques to encourage desirable oak species. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2003 BP 160 EP 171 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BBW45 UT WOS:000228129800015 ER PT S AU Schmidtling, RC AF Schmidtling, RC BE Mill, RR TI The southern pines during the Pleistocene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONIFER CONFERENCE: CONIFERS FOR THE FUTURE? SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conifer Conference CY AUG 23-26, 1999 CL WYE COLL, ASHFORD, ENGLAND SP Forestry Commiss, Inst Chartered Foresters, Int Conifer Conservat Programme, Int Dendrol Soc, Royal Botan Gardens, Royal Horticultural Soc HO WYE COLL DE Australes pines; loblolly pine; longleaf pine; Pinus echinata; Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris; Pinus taeda; refugia; shortleaf pine; slash pine; migration; genetics; biogeography; Pleistocene; southern pine ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SHORTLEAF PINE; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The current natural ranges of the southern pines (Pinus subsect. Australes) include the warm-temperate to sub-tropical climate of the south-eastern United States. Little is known about the location of the southern pines during the Pleistocene glaciation. Macrofossils of spruce (Picea sp.) dating from the late Pleistocene, which are typical of climates much cooler than presently occupied by the southern pines, have been found within the current range of the southern pines, indicating that the climate was considerably colder at that time. From this it is reasonable to assume that the southern pines were situated south of their present range during the Pleistocene. Variation in adaptive and non-adaptive traits of the southern pines suggests that loblolly pine (P. taeda) existed in two refugia, one in south Texas/north Mexico, and one in south Florida. Longleaf pine (P. palustris) probably existed only in the western refugium. Slash pine (P. elliottii), on the other hand, presumably resided only in the Florida refugium, whereas shortleaf pine (P. echinata) is cold-hardy enough to have existed in a continuous distribution across the Gulf Coast. C1 US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Schmidtling, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-380-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 615 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BY50C UT WOS:000189383500019 ER PT B AU Bannantine, JP Zhang, Q Li, L Kapur, V AF Bannantine, JP Zhang, Q Li, L Kapur, V BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Functional genomics of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; coding sequences; comparative genomics ID BOVIS BCG; DNA; SEQUENCE; TUBERCULOSIS; ELEMENT; IS900; SILVATICUM; DISEASE AB With the genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) nearly complete, Johne's disease researchers can begin entering a post-genomic phase of study. The complete knowledge of this pathogen's genetic makeup allows for exhaustive identification of candidate virulence genes, antimicrobial targets, vaccines and diagnostics. The approach taken in this study was to identify potential diagnostic sequences from the Map genome. The genetic similarity between Map and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of Map-specific diagnostic reagents. Random shotgun sequencing of the Map genome in our laboratories has shown greater than 98% sequence identity with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) in some regions. However, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated Map contigs, totaling 2,658,271 bp with the unfinished Maa genome has revealed 21 predicted Map coding sequences that do not align with Maa sequences. These novel sequences were examined by PCR amplification with genomic DNA from eight mycobacterial species and ten independent isolates of Map. Southern hybridization analysis of selected genes confirms the PCR data. Collectively, these studies suggest that a genomics approach will help in identifying novel Map genes as candidate diagnostic sequences. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100002 ER PT B AU Bannantine, JP Huntley, JFJ Miltner, E Stabel, J Bermudez, LE AF Bannantine, JP Huntley, JFJ Miltner, E Stabel, J Bermudez, LE BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Antibodies specific to the Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis major membrane protein inhibit invasion of bovine epithelial cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; invasion; E. coli expression ID 35-KILODALTON PROTEIN; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; PEYERS-PATCHES; LEPRAE; GENE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; ENTRY AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) initiates infection by crossing the intestinal epithelial cells of ruminant animals via a mechanism that remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we observed that the Map major membrane protein (MMP), plays a role in invasion of bovine epithelial cells. The gene encoding MMP was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with the maltose binding protein (MBP/MMP) in E. coli. Rabbit antisera were raised against a Map whole cell sonicate and MMP-specific antibodies were purified from rabbit sera by affinity chromatography. Immunoelectron microscopy of Map bacilli labeled with MMP-specific antibodies shows that the protein is localized to the surface of these bacteria. Both anti-MMP antibodies and MBP/MMP protein inhibited Map invasion of cultured Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells by 30%. Similar invasion experiments with Map incubated in low oxygen tension, a condition simulating the intestine, decreased invasion by 60%. Collectively, these data show that the 35-kDa MMP protein is a surface exposed protein that plays a role in invasion of epithelial cells. From these studies, we suggest that the major membrane protein is a virulence factor of Map that may be important in the initiation of infection in vivo. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015 OI Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100011 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR Goff, JP Kimura, K Harp, J Whitlock, RG AF Stabel, JR Goff, JP Kimura, K Harp, J Whitlock, RG BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Effects of supplemental energy on periparturient immunosuppression in dairy cows with Johne's disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc ID NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS; PARTURITION; PERIOD; STRESS AB The present study was designed to evaluate if feeding supplemental energy to dairy cows during the periparturient period would alleviate some of the immunosuppression typically noted and ultimately allay presentation of clinical signs of paratuberculosis. Twelve dairy cows in late gestation were assigned to a treatment group receiving silage (n = 6) or silage plus additional feed (n = 6). Diets were fed for 3 weeks pre- and post-calving and blood and fecal samples were obtained 2 days per week during the 6-week period. Milk samples were obtained each day during the 3 weeks post-calving. Lymphocyte blastogenesis, in vitro immunoglobulin production, neutrophil iodination and IFN-gamma were performed on blood samples. Flow cytometric analysis for homing receptors on immune cells was performed on blood and milk samples. Fecal and milk samples were cultured for viable organisms using HEYM and BACTEC. Parturition had a significant impact on immune function with notable reductions in all immune function tests including neutrophil assays, ELISA, IFN-gamma, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and in vitro immunoglobulin production. Expression of LPAM-1, a mucosal homing receptor, was reduced on blood T cell subsets after calving but increased on milk T cell subsets. Energy supplementation moderated cell-mediated immunity by reducing lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production and enhancing in vitro immunoglobulin production during the periparturient period. These data suggest that parturition has a significant effect on immune function parameters including diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis and energy supplementation did not preclude the immunosuppression during the periparturient period. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 55 EP 59 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100012 ER PT B AU Huntley, JFJ Stabel, JR Bannantine, JP AF Huntley, JFJ Stabel, JR Bannantine, JP BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Expression library immunization of mice identified five genomic DNA clone pools that are protective against colonization with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; DNA vaccine; expression vector; nucleic acid immunization ID GENE; PROTEIN; DISEASE; IS900 AB Johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous infection of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Clinical disease is characterized by weight loss, diarrhea, decreased milk production, and ultimately death. To date, there is no effective treatment for paratuberculosis and current vaccines do not prevent infection, but rather delay the onset of clinical disease. Furthermore, currently available vaccines interfere with bovine tuberculosis skin testing and paratuberculosis diagnostic tests. In an effort to identify protective Map genomic sequences, an expression library of Map was generated and subdivided into 78 pools of clones. Each clone pool, which contained an average of 1500 clones, was evaluated by PCR with a set of seventeen known Map sequences. C57BL/6J mice (6 week old, female, 20 grams) were immunized with 2 mug of DNA in the abdominal area with each clone pool via gene gun delivery. The mice were boosted three weeks after initial immunization and inoculated in the tail vein with live, virulent Map (strain 19698, 10(8) bacteria per mouse) two weeks following the boost. Protective effects of each clone pool were evaluated based on culture of viable bacteria from liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, and ileum obtained at necropsy three months post-challenge. Five of twenty-six clone pools examined thus far have demonstrated at least a hundred-fold reduction in Map colonization in mice when compared to other clone pools and nonvaccinated, infected control mice. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Nutr Anim Dis Ctr, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA USA. RP Huntley, JFJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Nutr Anim Dis Ctr, Dept Vet Pathol, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA USA. RI Huntley, Jason/N-3848-2015 OI Huntley, Jason/0000-0002-0501-6103 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100016 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR Khalifeh, MS AF Stabel, JR Khalifeh, MS BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10 in the clinical stage of Johne's disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; bovine; cytokines ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; IFN-GAMMA; MACROPHAGES; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; PARATUBERCULOSIS; DEACTIVATION; INTERFERON; INDUCTION; CELLS AB Johne's disease is an important disease that results in great economic losses for both dairy and beef production in the United States and worldwide. The disease progresses through distinct stages, a subclinical stage where there are no clinical signs and a clinical stage that is characterized by progressive symptoms associated with chronic shedding of high levels of bacteria in the feces along with severe diarrhea and concomitant weight loss. The host immune response to Mycobacterium avium subsp, paratuberculosis (Map) is paradoxical, with strong cell-mediated immune responses during subclinical stages and strong humoral responses during clinical stages of the disease. It is possible that immune modulation of an effective cell mediated immune response in paratuberculosis may play an important role in disease progression. We hypothesized that the clinical stage of Johne's disease is mediated by production of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) that downregulate interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and interfere with an effective cell-mediated immune response. Therefore, ileum, ileocecal junction, ileocecal lymph node and mesenteric lymph node tissues from the healthy, subclinical or clinical animals were collected and analyzed for the presence of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma mRNA by quantitative RT-cPCR. The results show that TGF-beta and IL-10 mRNA levels in animals that have progressed to the clinical stage of the disease is higher than that found in subclinical and healthy animals, whereas IFN-gamma is higher in subclinical animals. A change in the balance of cytokines at the site of infection may have an important effect on the microbicidal activity of macrophages. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100019 ER PT B AU Stahel, JR Palmer, MP Whitlock, RH AF Stahel, JR Palmer, MP Whitlock, RH BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Immune responses after oral inoculation of weanling bison or beef calves with a bison or cattle strain of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE experimental infection; cross-species transmision; susceptibility ID DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; JOHNES-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; HERD; DEER AB Paratuberculosis is endemic in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. We designed the following study to compare host immune responses and pathologic changes in beef calves and bison calves after challenge with either a cattle (Bos taurus) or bison (Bison bison) strain of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). In the first part of the study, 6 bison and 6 beef calves were orally inoculated over a 2-week period with a cattle isolate of Map. In the second part, 6 bison and 6 beef calves were similarly inoculated with a bison strain of Map. Throughout each of the studies, blood and fecal samples were taken monthly for a 6-month infection period. Tissue samples were obtained at necropsy for culture and histopathologic analyses. Results from this study demonstrated that bison calves were more susceptible to tissue colonization than beef calves, regardless of bacterial strain. Although lesions were minimal they were most apparent in the jejunum and distal ileum. Interferon-gamma responses were noted in some calves by one month post-inoculation and were sustained longer in beef calves after challenge with the bison isolate. Antibody was not detected in either beef or bison calves during the 6-month infection period. These results indicate that the host response to strains of Map may differ between ruminant species. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stahel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100020 ER PT B AU Payeur, J AF Payeur, J BE Juste, RA Geijo, MV Garrido, JM TI Evaluation of different organism based methods for the detection and identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from bovine feces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY JUN 12-14, 2002 CL Bilbao, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Paratuberculos Inc DE culture methods; feces; cattle ID CULTIVATION AB USDA regulations have stated that an organism-based test (culture) is the official test for determining the infective status of an animal for Johne's Disease. Recent method evaluation tests performed for laboratory approval for the United States Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program (USVJDHSP) indicate multiple culture methods were being used in the United States. The yearly evaluations have indicated that there were a wide range of sensitivities associated with the different culture methods. The National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) have been requested to establish a standardized protocol for detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in fecal samples which is reproducible and has a known sensitivity. The NVSL have also been requested to establish the criteria for well-characterized bovine fecal panels for use in organism-based detection procedures and methods evaluation. These panels will be used to validate different diagnostic procedures, including serological assays and USDA licensed diagnostic kits used for Johne's Disease detection. Based on the results of the last 3 years of proficiency tests, several methods have been chosen for further evaluation. These methods included sedimentation, centrifugation and liquid culture procedures which have been used by multiple laboratories. Preliminary evaluation based on proficiency test results indicate that centrifugation methods are more sensitive than sedimentation methods and liquid culture methods are faster than either sedimentation or centrifugation methods using Herrold's Egg Yolk Medium (HEYM) with mycobactin. Varied growth performances in the solid media used with different culture methods were also noted during the last 2 check tests. There are now 2 commercial sources of HEYM with mycobactin available in the United States which will be evaluated along with in-house media for growth performance. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. RP Payeur, J (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-5-6 PY 2003 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BAD78 UT WOS:000221711100048 ER PT S AU Lim, C Klesius, PH Phelps, R AF Lim, C Klesius, PH Phelps, R BE Phillips, B Megrey, BA Zhou, Y TI Effects of bambermycin and virginiamycin on performance and body composition of juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD WORLD FISHERIES CONGRESS: FEEDING THE WORLD WITH FISH IN THE NEXT MILLENIUM-THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Third World Fisheries Congress CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Soc Fisheries, Beijing Fisheries Grp, Shanghai Fisheries Grp, Australian Soc Fish Biol, Jiangsu Zheng Chang Grp, Great Lakes Fisheries Commiss, China Natl Fisheries (Grp) Co, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tong Wei Enterprise Grp, Si Chuan Province, UN Univ Iceland, Fisheries Training Programme ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; GROWTH PROMOTERS; ANTIBIOTICS; METHYLTESTOSTERONE; CHICKENS; BROILERS; WEIGHT; ENERGY C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-55-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 38 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY10K UT WOS:000187669600026 ER PT S AU Fisher, JR Albrecht, MA AF Fisher, JR Albrecht, MA BE Ruhl, EH Schmid, J TI Constant temperature life table studies of populations of grape phylloxera from Washington and Oregon, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON ROOTSTOCKS' PERFORMANCE IN PHYLLOXERA INFESTED VINEYARDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Rootstocks Performance in Phylloxera Infested Vineyards CY AUG 26-28, 2001 CL Geisenheim, GERMANY SP Heinrich Birk Gesell eV, Geisenhein Res Ctr DE Daktulosphaira vitifoliae; survival; egg hatch; nymphs; fecundity; development time ID HOMOPTERA; ROOTSTOCKS AB Grape phylloxera. is a recent pest threatening to destroy over 1100 ha of self-rooted winegrapes in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Some vineyards have coexisted with this pest for over 15 years while others have been devastated in less than 5 years. We conducted this study to determine if life processes of populations of phylloxera from four different areas in the Pacific Northwest, USA, would show differences in survival, development and reproduction when reared at myriad of constant temperatures (3 - 36degreesC at 3degrees intervals). Individual differences were observed among the four populations for development, survival and reproduction. Nevertheless, the numbers for each parameter followed a general trend among temperatures. The optimum temperature range for maximum response for all parameters was between 24degreesC and 27degreesC. Upper and lower temperature thresholds were, respectively, <6degreesC and >33degreesC. The results from this study and others support the hypothesis that localized differences in 'virulence' of infestations from vineyard to vineyard over an appellation may be a function, in part, of localized temperature differences caused by such factors as soil type, aspect, slope, pruning, ground cover, and plant spacing. C1 USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Fisher, JR (reprint author), USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-419-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2003 IS 617 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Entomology; Horticulture SC Entomology; Agriculture GA BY53A UT WOS:000189401300006 ER PT S AU Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG AF Mitchell, AD Pursel, VG BE Souffrant, WB Metges, CC TI Influence of IGF-I transgene and dietary CLA on efficiency of dietary energy and protein utilization in growing pigs SO PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN METABOLISM SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition CY SEP 13-18, 2003 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Degussa AG, Lohmann Anim Hlth GmbH & Co KG DE pigs; efficiency; transgenic ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; BODY-COMPOSITION; EXPENDITURE; INCREASES; MICE; METABOLISM; FAT AB The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy and protein by control and IGF-I transgenic pigs in response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). At 60 kg each pig was scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition analysis, then placed on a diets with a CP content of 182 g.kg(-1), a ME content of 13.8 MJ.kg(-1), and supplemented with either corn oil at 20 g.kg(-1) (CO diet) or CO at 10 g.kg(-1) plus CLA at 10 g.kg(-1) (CLA diet). Each pig was scanned again by DXA at 110 kg. Total body fat and protein deposition were based on the differences between the 60-kg and 110-kg DXA measurements of fat and lean. The efficiency of energy (k(g)) deposition was higher (P<0.05) for the C-CO pigs compared to the C-CLA or T-CLA pigs, while the T-C pigs were intermediate. The k(g) was higher (P<0.05) for pigs fed the CO diet compared to those fed the CLA diet. There was no difference in k(g) based on genotype or sex. The efficiency of protein (PE) deposition was higher (P<0.05) in the T-CO and T-CLA pigs compared to the C-CO and C-CLA pigs; hence there was a significant genotype effect. There was also a significant sex effect (females > barrows), but no diet effect. These results demonstrate that the addition of CLA to the diet reduces the efficiency of energy deposition, however, inclusion of the IGF-I transgene into the genetic makeup improves the efficiency of protein deposition in pigs. C1 ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-76998-24-8 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 2003 IS 109 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BX81V UT WOS:000186518200005 ER PT S AU Rosebrough, RW Poch, SM Russell, BA Richards, MP AF Rosebrough, RW Poch, SM Russell, BA Richards, MP BE Souffrant, WB Metges, CC TI Diet and gene expression in broilers SO PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN METABOLISM SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition CY SEP 13-18, 2003 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Degussa AG, Lohmann Anim Hlth GmbH & Co KG DE lipogenesis; protein; gene expression ID MESSENGER-RNA AB We determined the possible relationship between lipid metabolism and gene expression in chickens fed graded levels of dietary crude protein. Male, broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 12, 21 or 30% protein ad libitum. Another group of birds was feed on a regimen consisting of a daily change in the dietary protein level (12 or 30%). This latter group was further subdivided such that one-half of the birds received each level of protein on alternating days. In vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity were inversely related to dietary protein levels (12 to 30%) and to acute changes from 12 to 30%. In contrast, expression of malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase genes were constant over a dietary protein range of 12 to 21%, but decreased by feeding a 30% protein diet. Results of the present study demonstrate a continued role for protein in the regulation of broiler metabolism. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, ANRI, USDA,BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, ANRI, USDA,BARC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-76998-24-8 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 2003 IS 109 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BX81V UT WOS:000186518200008 ER PT S AU Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Parkhurst, AM AF Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Eigenberg, RA Parkhurst, AM BE Souffrant, WB Metges, CC TI Dynamic responses of feeder cattle to simulated heat waves SO PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN METABOLISM SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition CY SEP 13-18, 2003 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Degussa AG, Lohmann Anim Hlth GmbH & Co KG DE respiration rate; core body temperature; heat production; heat waves AB Heat stress reduces performance and, in the most severe cases, death of feedlot cattle resulting in major economic losses. A study was designed to evaluate the dynamics of thermoregulation and feed intake of feeder cattle when exposed to either a simulated heat waves or a standard cyclic environment. Nine crossbred steers were randomly assigned to individual pens in one of three environmental chambers. Three temperature regimes (heat wave simulation from Rockport, MO 1995; heat wave simulation from Columbia, MO 1999; and Cyclic heat stress treatment of 32+/-7degreesC) were administered to each of three chambers for a period of 18 days according to a Latin square treatment design, with a 10-day thermoneutral period separating treatment periods (18+/-7degreesC). Respiration rate (RR), core body temperature (T-core), heat production (HP), and feed intake (FI) were measured on each animal for the duration of the experiment. From this study, it appears that RR and FI, observable parameters, give an accurate insight into the thermoregulatory status of the animal during heat challenges. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-76998-24-8 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 2003 IS 109 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BX81V UT WOS:000186518200057 ER PT S AU Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, TM AF Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA Brown-Brandl, TM BE Souffrant, WB Metges, CC TI Heat production of growing heifers that differ in composition of Bos indicus and Bos taurus SO PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN METABOLISM SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition CY SEP 13-18, 2003 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Res Inst Biol Farm Anim, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Degussa AG, Lohmann Anim Hlth GmbH & Co KG DE growth; heifer; metabolic rate ID HEREFORD; BRAHMAN; WEIGHT; CATTLE AB Previous studies using indirect-calorimetry have reported that heat production scaled to body weight of Bos indices cross cattle is lower than that of Bos taurus cattle; however, in a comparative slaughter study, estimated fasting heat production of Bos indices x Bos taurus steers was not lower than that of Bos taurus steers. We hypothesize that fasting heat production decreases at different rates as the proportions of Bos indices and Bos taurus parentage changes. Calves were produced by artificially inseminating F 1 (Brahman-MARC III; n = 55) and MARC III (n = 60) cows to either Brahman (n = 9) or MARC III (n = 9) sires. Thirty-one heifers were produced 7 - 0% Brahman:100% MARC III (0B:100M), 13 - 25% Brahman:75% MARC III (25B:75M), 5 - 50% Brahman:50% MARC III (50B:50M), and 6 - 75% Brahman:25% MARC III (7513:25M). The indirect-calorimetry measurements were made when heifers were 30.2 +/- 0.3 week of age and then every six weeks for a total of six measurements. Heat production (kcal/kg) decreased linearly over the 30 weeks of the development phase and heifers with differing ratio of Brahman and MARC III differed in the rate of decrease (P < 0.001). The heat production (kcal/kg) as a function of age (x, weeks) was f(x) = -0.268 (0.034)x + 38.7 (1.6) for OB:100M, f(x) = -0.211 (0.023)x + 35.9 (1.1) for 25B:75M, f(x) = -0.164 (0.033)x + 33.6 (1.51) for 50B:50M, and f(x) = -0.068 (0.047)x + 29.4 (2.1) for 75B:25M heifers. The current data set supports our hypothesis that fasting heat production decreases at different rates as the proportion of Bos indices and Bos taurus parentage changes and supports that apparent discrepancies between indirect-calorimetry studies and comparative slaughter studies is due to the age at which heat production is measured and the inference space over which it is applied. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-76998-24-8 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 2003 IS 109 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BX81V UT WOS:000186518200091 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC AF Vaughn, KC TI Dodder hyphae invade the host: a structural and immunocytochemical characterization SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE dodder; Cuscuta pentagona; hypha; parasitic weed; polysaccharide; immunocytochemistry ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; PLASMODESMATA; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION; OROBANCHE; BIOLOGY; PECTIN; ROOTS; GENE AB Dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) hyphae are unique amongst the parasitic weeds for their ability to apparently grow through the walls of the host plant. Closer examination reveals, however, that the hyphae do not grow through the host but rather induce the host to form a new cell wall (or extend the existing wall) to coat the growing hypha. This chimeric wall composed of walls from two species is even traversed by plasmodesmata that connect the two cytoplasms. Compositionally, the chimeric wall is quite different from the walls of either the host or in other cells of the dodder plant, on the basis of immunocytochemical labeling. The most striking differences were in the pectins, with much stronger labeling present in the chimeric wall than in either the host or other dodder walls. Interestingly, labeling with monoclonal antibodies specific to arabinan side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I pectin fraction was highly enriched in the chimeric wall, but antibodies to galactan side chains revealed no labeling. Arabinogalactan protein antibodies labeled the plasma membrane and vesicles at the tips of the hyphae and the complementary host wall, although the JIM8-reactive epitope, associated with very lipophilic arabinogalactan proteins, was found only in dodder cells and not the host. Callose was found in the plasmodesmata and along the forming hyphal wall but was found at low levels in the host wall. The low level of host wall labeling with anticallose indicates that a typical woundlike response was not induced by the dodder. When dodder infects leaf lamina, which have more abundant intercellular spaces than petioles or shoots, the hyphae grew both intra- and extracellularly. In the latter condition, a host wall did not ensheath the parasite and there was clear degradation of the host middle lamellae by the growing hyphae, allowing the dodder to pass between cells. These data indicate that the chimeric walls formed from the growth of the host cell wall in concert with the developing hyphae are unique in composition and structure and represent an induction of a wall type in the host that is not noted in surrounding walls. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 2003 VL 220 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00709-002-0038-3 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 664BA UT WOS:000182040800009 PM 12664283 ER PT B AU Song, WY Sechler, AJ Hatziloukas, E Kim, HM Schaad, NW AF Song, WY Sechler, AJ Hatziloukas, E Kim, HM Schaad, NW BE Iacobellis, NS Collmer, A Hutcheson, SW Mansfield, JW Morris, CE Murillo, J Schaad, NW Stead, DE Surico, G TI Use of PCR for rapid identification of Acidovorax avenae and A-avenae subsp citrulli SO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE AND RELATED PATHOGENS: BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens CY SEP 15-19, 2002 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Soc Italiana Pathol Vegetale, Univ Studi Basilicata, Fac Agraria, Reg Basilicata Assessorato Agric, ALSIA, Provincia Potenza Assessorato Agric, Syngenta Crop Protect spa, Innotec srl, MIUR, Tecnolife srl, Foss Italia spa, Cooperat arl Cantina Oleificio Sociale Manduria, Chemie sas, Banca Mediterranea spa, Celio srl, Florilab srl, Co Vi 1, Int PBI, Blackwell Publ co, Microtek srl, Co Vi Mer arl Cooperat Vivaist Meridionale, Vivai Giandomenico Consalvo, Azienda Promoz Turistica Basilicata DE real-time PCR; bacteria; rice; watermelon ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; INTERGENIC SPACER; REAL-TIME; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PSEUDOMONAS; DNA; REGION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB The species Acidovorax avenae contains bacteria pathogenic to several crops: A. a. subsp. avenae infects oats, corn, rice, millet, and sugarcane; subsp. citrulli infects watermelon and melon; and subsp. cattleyae infects orchid. Because these bacteria are closely related their proper identification requires expensive, time-consuming pathogenicity tests. To develop PCR assays for rapid identification of all species and subsp. citrulli, we sequenced the intergenic spacer region of the 16S-23S rDNA and designed avenae-specific and subsp. citrulli-specific classical primers and real-time primers and probes. Classical avenae-specific primers Oaf1/Oar1 amplified a DNA product from all 46 strains of subsp. avenae originating from foxtail, oats, corn, rice, sugarcane, and millet; the type strains of subsp. cattleyae from orchid; and I I strains of subsp. citrulli from watermelon. Real-time avenae-specific primers Oaf1/Oar2 and probe AaP1 reacted with all 40 strains of subsp. avenae, the type strain of subsp. cattleyae, and 8 strains of subsp. citrulli. Classical citrulli-specific primers Aacf2/Aacr2 and real-time primers Aacf3/Aacr2 and probe AaP2 amplified a PCR product from all 11 strains of subsp. citrulli, but not from any other strain of subsp. avenae. None of over 50 other bacteria tested generated a PCR product with either classical primers or real-time primers and probe. The species-specific classical primers Oaf1/Oar1 and real-time primers Oaf1/Oar2 and probe AaP1 should prove useful for rapid identification of A. avenae strains from all hosts, whereas the citrulli-specific classical primers Aacf2/Aacr2 and real-time primers Aacf3/Aacr2 and probe AaP2 should be useful for specific identification of subsp. citrulli. C1 Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Chonju, South Korea. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1227-6 PY 2003 BP 531 EP 544 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BY48T UT WOS:000189347500059 ER PT B AU Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Randhawa, P AF Schaad, NW Postnikova, E Randhawa, P BE Iacobellis, NS Collmer, A Hutcheson, SW Mansfield, JW Morris, CE Murillo, J Schaad, NW Stead, DE Surico, G TI Emergence of Acidovorax avenae subsp citrulli as a crop threatening disease of watermelon and melon SO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE AND RELATED PATHOGENS: BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens CY SEP 15-19, 2002 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Soc Italiana Pathol Vegetale, Univ Studi Basilicata, Fac Agraria, Reg Basilicata Assessorato Agric, ALSIA, Provincia Potenza Assessorato Agric, Syngenta Crop Protect spa, Innotec srl, MIUR, Tecnolife srl, Foss Italia spa, Cooperat arl Cantina Oleificio Sociale Manduria, Chemie sas, Banca Mediterranea spa, Celio srl, Florilab srl, Co Vi 1, Int PBI, Blackwell Publ co, Microtek srl, Co Vi Mer arl Cooperat Vivaist Meridionale, Vivai Giandomenico Consalvo, Azienda Promoz Turistica Basilicata DE fruit blotch; seedling blight; seedborne pathogen; seeds ID BACTERIAL FRUIT BLOTCH; SEED; NOV AB Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli), the causal agent of a watermelon seedling blight and fruit blotch (WFB), has emerged as a serious seedborne pathogen of watermelon and melons world-wide. The disease was first reported in 1965 in seedlings of several USDA Plant Introduction (PI) lines in Georgia. The pathogen was described 13 years later in diseased seedlings from two of the same PI seed sources in which Web and Goth had originally identified the disease. The disease remained known only in seedlings at the introduction station until Wall and Santos isolated a non-fluorescent pseudomonad from rotting fruit in Guam in 1987 and concluded it was the same organism. WFB was reported in Florida in 1989 and a year later emerged as a major economic disease of watermelon in the Southeast and Midwest USA. Since then, WFB has been reported in Turkey, Brazil, Australia, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and China infecting cantaloupe, melon, honeydew, pumpkin, and citron under field conditions. Because the original seedling strains were reported as giving a negative tobacco hypersensitive reaction and failed to rot fruit like the field disease strains, some have suggested that the originally described organism was not the same organism as that causing WFB. DNA fingerprinting of a collection of 121 strains using pulse field get electrophoresis revealed considerable genetic diversity. All strains typed into two groups; over 80% were in Group I and the remaining, including the original type strain, in Group II. Control of the disease is based primarily on use of pathogen-free seed. Although attempts have been made to develop a routine seed assay to detect the organism in seeds, no reliable method is available. Contaminated seeds remain a problem for the seed industry. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Schaad, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1227-6 PY 2003 BP 573 EP 581 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BY48T UT WOS:000189347500063 ER PT B AU Bull, CT Goldman, PH Cintas, NA Koike, ST AF Bull, CT Goldman, PH Cintas, NA Koike, ST BE Iacobellis, NS Collmer, A Hutcheson, SW Mansfield, JW Morris, CE Murillo, J Schaad, NW Stead, DE Surico, G TI Identification of Pseudomonas species from a variety of hosts in the Salinas Valley of California SO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE AND RELATED PATHOGENS: BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens CY SEP 15-19, 2002 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP Int Soc Plant Pathol, Soc Italiana Pathol Vegetale, Univ Studi Basilicata, Fac Agraria, Reg Basilicata Assessorato Agric, ALSIA, Provincia Potenza Assessorato Agric, Syngenta Crop Protect spa, Innotec srl, MIUR, Tecnolife srl, Foss Italia spa, Cooperat arl Cantina Oleificio Sociale Manduria, Chemie sas, Banca Mediterranea spa, Celio srl, Florilab srl, Co Vi 1, Int PBI, Blackwell Publ co, Microtek srl, Co Vi Mer arl Cooperat Vivaist Meridionale, Vivai Giandomenico Consalvo, Azienda Promoz Turistica Basilicata DE Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis; P. s. pv. aptata; P. s. pv. maculicola; crucifers AB Bacterial diseases have occurred on crucifers in the Salinas Valley since 1999, particularly on arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). Also, bacterial diseases have occurred on members of the Chenopodiaceae namely Swiss chard and table beet (both Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). Isolates from arugula, Brussels sprouts, kale, table beet, and Swiss chard were Gram negative, and positive for levan production and the hypersensitive response on tobacco. Furthermore, they were negative for oxidase production, potato rot, and arginine dehydrolyase activity. The arugula, Brussels sprouts, and kale isolates were fluorescent on KMB, but the table beet, and Swiss chard isolates were not fluorescent. The pathotype strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata was not fluorescent in our laboratory. Isolates from all hosts were consistently identified as strains of P. syringae by fatty acid analysis. Strains of P. syringae from all hosts have been evaluated by BOX-PCR and banding patterns were compared to several pathotypes of P. syringae. BOX-PCR analysis indicated that the pathogen from Swiss chard and table beet were identical to P. s. pv. aptata. The isolates from arugula were similar to P. s. pv. alisalensis and the strains from Brussels sprouts and kale were very similar to P. s. pv. maculicola. Complete phenotypic and host range testing needs to be conducted to conclusively identify these strains. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1227-6 PY 2003 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BY48T UT WOS:000189347500066 ER PT J AU Al-Saad, KA Zabrouskov, V Siems, WF Knowles, NR Hannan, RM Hill, HH AF Al-Saad, KA Zabrouskov, V Siems, WF Knowles, NR Hannan, RM Hill, HH TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of lipids: ionization and prompt fragmentation patterns SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHEMICAL IONIZATION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; LITHIATED ADDUCTS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; DESORPTION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; IDENTIFICATION AB Ionization and prompt fragmentation pat erns of triacylglycerols, phospholipids (PLs) and galactolipids were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Positive ions of non-nitrogen-containing lipids appeared only in the sodiated form, while nitrogen-containing lipids were detected as both sodiated and protonated adducts. Lipids containing acidic hydroxyls were detected as multiple sodium adducts or deprotonated ions in the positive and negative modes, respectively, with the excention of phosphatidylcholines. The positive MALDI spectra of triacylglycerols contained prompt fragments equivalent to the loss of RCOO- from the neutral molecules. Prompt fragment ions [PL-polar head](+) were observed in the positive MALDI spectra of all phospholipids except phosphatidylcholines. The phosphatidylcholines produced only a minor positive fragment corresponding to the head group itself (m/z 184). Galactolipids did not undergo prompt fragmentation. Post-source decay (PSD) was used to examine the source of prompt fragments. PSD fragment patterns indicated that the lipid prompt fragment ions did not originate from the observed molecular ions (sodiatad or protonated), and suggested that the prompt fragmentation followed the formation of highly unstable, probably protonated, precursor ions. Pathways leading to the formation of prompt fragment ions are proposed. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hill, HH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 35 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1002/rcm.858 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 630JC UT WOS:000180102900011 PM 12478559 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Lightfield, AR AF Fagerquist, CK Lightfield, AR TI Confirmatory analysis of beta-lactam antibiotics in kidney tissue by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization selective reaction monitoring ion trap tandem mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; BOVINE-MILK; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ANIMAL-TISSUES; PORK TISSUES; PENICILLIN-G; RESIDUES; CEPHAPIRIN; CEFTIOFUR; CLEANUP AB Eleven beta-lactam antibiotics were analyzed in fortified and incurred beef kidney tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/selective reaction monitoring-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-SRM-MSn). The analytes included: deacetylcephapirin, amoxicillin, cephapirin, desfuroylceftiofur cysteine disulfide (DCCD, a biomarker of ceftiofur), ampicillin, cefazolin, Pen G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, naficillin and dicloxicillin. Analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and water. Clean-up was performed by solid-phase extraction. Limits of confirmation in fortified tissue are as follows (tolerances or target levels in parentheses): deacetylcephapirin: 1050 ng/g (100 ng/g); amoxacillin: 50-100 ng/g (10 ng/g); cephapirin: 10 ng/g (100 ng/g); DCCD: 500 ng/g (8000 ng/g); ampicillin: 10 ng/g (10 ng/g); cefazolin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); Pen G: 10 ng/g (50 ng/g); oxacillin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); cloxacillin: 10 ng/g (10 ng/g); naficillin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); dicloxacillin: 100-500 ng/g (10-50 ng/g). The present method was also tested on incurred kidney tissue that had previously been analyzed using a microbial assay. Good correspondence was found between the results from this new method and the bioassay. However, the present method is much more specific and, in several cases, more sensitive than the bioassay. In addition, the time of analysis is significantly shorter than the bioassay. We also found that SRM MSn was superior in the analysis of unknown incurred tissue than full spectrum MSn. We also obtained an MS/MS spectrum of DCCD that is significantly at variance with previously published fragmentation spectra. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kfagerquist@arserrc.gov NR 28 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.1002/rcm.964 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 660QP UT WOS:000181844100005 PM 12661018 ER PT B AU Temple, D Wibowo, J Neilsen, M AF Temple, D Wibowo, J Neilsen, M GP USSD TI Erosion of earth spillways SO REDUCING RISK FROM EXTREME EVENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual United-States-Society-on-Dams Conference CY APR 14-18, 2003 CL Charleston, SC SP US Soc Dam, Duke Power, Santee Cooper, S Carolina Elect & Gas Co AB The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Water Resources Site Analyses computer program, Sites, contains a vegetated earth spillway erosion prediction model. Since the beta release of Sites in 1996, the program has been successfully applied in the analysis of a number of existing spillways as well as in the design and re-design of NRCS flood retarding structures. Work has also continued on refinement and extension of the model's erosion prediction relations through the evaluation of field data from spillways representing a wider range of conditions than were available during the original model development. To assist in this refinement effort and to make the spillway erosion model more easily applied to a wide range of conditions, the model code has been extracted from the more general Sites program and modified to make application more flexible. Changes made to date include upgrading the code to take advantage of features of FORTRAN 90, increasing the number of hydrograph data points that may be used in computation, providing a utility to import hydrograph data from HEC models, and providing the user additional flexibility in defining the headcut advance threshold and rate parameters. This paper presents the general principles of the Sites spillway erosion model and the implications of these modifications as they relate to its application. Model assumptions, application limits, strengths, and weaknesses are discussed in the context of the modifications and the ongoing research efforts. C1 USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Temple, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNITED STATES SOC DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH ST, #483, DENVER, COLORADO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-32-3 PY 2003 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BAY35 UT WOS:000224177200027 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Owe, M DUrso, G Toulios, L TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems and Hydrology IV CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; Terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 in stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral ernissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4661-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4879 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.469693 PG 12 WC Ecology; Remote Sensing; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW50D UT WOS:000182227200001 ER EF