FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fornwalt, PJ Kaufmann, MR Huckaby, LS Stoker, JA Stohlgren, TJ AF Fornwalt, PJ Kaufmann, MR Huckaby, LS Stoker, JA Stohlgren, TJ TI Non-native plant invasions in managed and protected ponderosa pine Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado front range; Douglas-fir; land management; non-native plant species; plant diversity; ponderosa pine; Riparian ID VEGETATION; CHEATGRASS AB We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and fire protection during the last century. However, Turkey Creek has experienced logging, grazing, prescribed burning, and recreation since the late 1800s, while Cheesman Lake has not. Using the modified-Whittaker plot design to sample understory species richness and cover, we collected data for 30 0.1 ha plots in each landscape. Topographic position greatly influenced results, while management history did not. At both Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek, low/riparian plots had highest native and non-native species richness and cover; upland plots (especially east/west-facing, south-facing and flat, high plots) had the lowest. However, there were no significant differences between Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek for native species richness, native species cover, non-native species richness' or non-native species cover for any topographic category. In general, non-native species richness and cover Were highly positively correlated with native species richness and/or cover (among other variables). In total, 16 non-native species were recorded at Cheesman Lake and Turkey Creek; none of the 16 non-native species were more common at one site than another. These findings suggest that: (1) areas that are high in native species diversity also contain more non-native species; (2) both protected and managed areas can be invaded by non-native plant species, and at similar intensities; and (3) logging, grazing, and other similar disturbances may have less of an impact on non-native species establishment and growth than topographic position (i.e., in lowland and riparian zones versus upland zones). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaufmann, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Stoker, Jason/0000-0003-2455-0931 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 13 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 177 IS 1-3 BP 515 EP 527 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00456-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00456-5 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 664BL UT WOS:000182041800038 ER PT J AU Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K AF Ullah, AHJ Sethumadhavan, K TI PhyA gene product of Aspergillus ficuum and Peniophora lycii produces dissimilar phytases SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHYTIC ACID; NRRL 3135; PURIFICATION; ABSORPTION; SITE AB PhyA gene products of Aspergillus ficuum (AF) and Peniophora lycii (PL) as expressed in industrial strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, respectively, were purified to homogeneity and then characterized for both physical and biochemical properties. The PL phytase is 26 amino acid residues shorter than the AF phytase. Dynamic light scattering studies indicate that the active AF phytase is a monomer while the PL phytase is a dimer. While both of the phytases retained four identical glycosylatable Asn residues, unique glycosylation sites, six for PL and seven for AF phytase, were observed. Global alignment of both the phytases has shown 38% sequence homology between the two proteins. At 58 degreesC and pH 5.0, the PL phytase gave a specific activity of 22,000 nKat/mg as opposed to about 3000 nKat/mg for AF phytase. However, the AF phytase is more thermostable than its counterpart PL phytase at 65 degreesC. Also, AF phytase is more stable at pH 7.5 than the PL phytase. The two phytases differed in K-m for phytate, K-i for myo-inositol hexasulfate (MIHS), and pH optima profile. Despite similarities in the active site sequences, the two phytases show remarkable differences in turnover number, pH optima profile, stability at higher temperature, and alkaline pH. These biochemical differences indicate that phytases from ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi may have evolved to degrade phytate in different environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ullah, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 303 IS 2 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00374-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 666LB UT WOS:000182177800012 PM 12659840 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ TI High-density lipoprotein subpopulations in pathologic conditions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol esterol CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; TANGIER-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; APOA-I; CHOLESTEROL; ATORVASTATIN; GENE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB The role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in coronary artery disease (CAD) and the impact of therapeutic agents on LDL cholesterol are well established. Less is known about the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and even less about the role of the different HDL subspecies in CAD. HDL particles vary in size and density, mainly because of differences in the number of apolipoprotein (apo) particles and the,amount of cholesterol ester in the core of HDL. Apo A-l is essential and, together with lipid, sufficient for the formation of HDL particles. Apo A-l-containing HDL particles play a primary role in cholesterol efflux from membranes, at least in part through interactions with the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Patients with Tangier disease have mutations in the gene encoding ABCA1, which result in functionally impaired protein, a marked deficiency in HDL cholesterol, and a high risk of premature CAD. Our studies of apo A-l-containing HDL subpopulations in various patient populations reveal that patients homozygous for Tangier disease have only the pre-beta(1) HDL subspecies. Tangier heterozygotes are severely depleted in the larger alpha- and pre-alpha-mobility subspecies. Patients with low HDL cholesterol levels and those with CAD also show deficiencies in the alpha(1) and pre-alpha(1-3) HDL subspecies. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) increase the levels of the large alpha(1) and pre-alpha(1) subpopulations and decrease the level of the small alpha(3) subpopulation. Thus, atorvastatin, for example, significantly moves the distribution of HDL particles toward normal, followed by simivastatin, pravastatin, and lovastatin in decreasing order of efficiency. A new statin, rosuvastatin, produces greater increases in HDL cholesterol than atorvastatin, but its effect on HDL particle distribution is yet to be determined. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064738] NR 23 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7A SU S BP 12E EP 17E DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03383-0 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 664TT UT WOS:000182077800003 PM 12679198 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE Palmer, GH Florin-Christensen, M Hines, SA Hotzel, I McElwain, TF AF Suarez, CE Palmer, GH Florin-Christensen, M Hines, SA Hotzel, I McElwain, TF TI Organization, transcription, and expression of rhoptry associated protein genes in the Babesia bigemina rap-1 locus SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bigemina; rhoptry-associated protein-1; transcription analysis ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CELL EPITOPES; BOVIS; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE; CONSERVATION; HOMOLOG; FAMILY; PROTECTION; INHIBITION AB The Babesia bigemina rap-1 gene locus contains five tandemly arranged copies of rap-1a genes. However, the size of the locus, as defined by conserved, unrelated orfs at the 5' and 3' ends, suggests that additional genes may be present. In this study, we identified all additional genes in the locus and characterized their pattern of expression in merozoites. The rap-1a genes are separated by 3.38-kbp intergenic (IG) regions, each of which contains an identical copy of a related gene designated rap-1b. One additional copy of rap-1b and one copy of another related gene designated rap-1c is present in the 3' end of the locus. Common sequence features that define the Babesia rap-1 family are present in rap-1b and rap-1c, but otherwise these genes average only 27% identity to rap-1a. Homologues of the rap-1b and rap-1c genes identified in diverse B. bigemina strains have a high degree of predicted amino acid sequence conservation (averaging >90%), with the largest number of changes in the carboxyl end of RAP-1c. We tested whether all rap-1 genes in the locus are co-transcribed in merozoites using RT-PCR, Northern blots, and quantitative real-time PCR. Rap-1a genes produce the most abundant transcripts of the family, while rap-1b transcripts are the least abundant despite the large number of gene copies. Similar patterns of transcription were observed whether merozoites were obtained from in vitro cultures or in vivo infection. Immunoblot analysis of merozoites revealed the expected RAP-1a expression but failed to detect expressed RAP-1b and RAP-1c, indicating that expression of the rap-1 genes is regulated both at the transcriptional and translational levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vestor Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vestor Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 127 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00311-0 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 670AR UT WOS:000182385200001 PM 12672519 ER PT J AU Wilkowsky, SE Farber, M Echaide, I de Echaide, ST Zamorano, PI Dominguez, M Suarez, CE Florin-Christensen, M AF Wilkowsky, SE Farber, M Echaide, I de Echaide, ST Zamorano, PI Dominguez, M Suarez, CE Florin-Christensen, M TI Babesia bovis merozoite surface protein-2c (MSA-2c) contains highly immunogenic, conserved B-cell epitopes that elicit neutralization-sensitive antibodies in cattle SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; bovine babesiosis; MSA-2c; merozoite surface antigen; VMSA; vaccine; diagnosis ID PROTOZOAN PARASITE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EXPOSED EPITOPES; BIGEMINA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; VACCINES; GENES; LOCUS AB The search for vaccine candidates against bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis is greatly focused on the identification of merozoite surface-exposed antigens that are widely conserved, functionally relevant and immunodominant in cattle protected against B. bovis infections. We have recently identified msa-2c, a member of the B. bovis variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) gene family, which in contrast to other members, appears to be highly conserved among geographically distant B. bovis strains. In this study, we further investigated the potential of the msa-2c gene product as diagnostic and vaccine candidate for bovine babesiosis. RT-PCR studies demonstrated that MSA-2c is transcribed in merozoites of the Argentine R1A strain. In addition, antibodies against R1A recombinant MSA-2c reacted in immunoblots with a single protein of approximately 30 kDa in B. bovis merozoite extracts from both R1A and Australian "S" strains, demonstrating translation of this protein in these two strains and conservation of B-cell epitopes between them. These antibodies reacted with the cell surface of R1A merozoites in fixed immunofluorescence assays, indicating the surface localization of MSA-2c. This localization was confirmed by live immunofluorescence studies in two different strains, R1A and S2P. These results also demonstrate the conservation of MSA-2c surface-exposed B-cell epitopes between these two strains. Sera from cattle either naturally or experimentally infected with Argentine strains of B. bovis specifically recognized rMSA-2c in immunoblots, reinforcing the idea that B-cell epitopes in rMSA-2c are widely conserved among field strains of B. bovis. Furthermore, our results show that these B-cell epitopes are highly immunogenic, suggesting that MSA-2c may be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of bovine babesiosis by B. bovis. Experimental vaccination of five bovines with rMSA-2c resulted in elicitation of high specific anti-rMSA-2c IgG titers, with similar amounts of IgG, and IgG(2) produced. Importantly, bovine anti-rMSA-2c antibodies were able to neutralize in vitro bovine erythrocyte invasion by R1A merozoites suggesting a significant functional role for MSA-2c. Taken together these results postulate MSA-2c as a candidate for the development of novel tools for improved control of bovine babesiosis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INTA Castelar, CICVyA, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. EEA Rafaela, INTA, RA-2300 Rafaela, Argentina. Washington State Univ, USDA, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Florin-Christensen, M (reprint author), INTA Castelar, CICVyA, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 127 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00329-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 670AR UT WOS:000182385200004 PM 12672522 ER PT J AU Straus, DL AF Straus, DL TI The acute toxicity of copper to blue tilapia in dilutions of settled pond water SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE blue tilapia; acute toxicity; copper; alkalinity; hardness; pH ID OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ALKALINITY; PH; HARDNESS; CALCIUM AB Blue tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis aureus) were exposed to copper (Cu) in a series of static toxicity tests. The water used in this study was composed of settled pond water or settled pond water diluted with deionized water. Estimates of mean 96-h LC50 values (median lethal concentration) were 43.06, 6.61, 0.69 and 0.18 mg/l Cu (as copper sulfate) in waters having total alkalinities of 225, 112, 57 and 16 mg/l CaCO3, respectively. These data demonstrate the typical acute toxicity response of Cu, in which toxicity to tilapia increases as pH, total alkalinity and total hardness decrease. The results indicate that blue tilapia are relatively tolerant to Cu when compared to other species and that copper sulfate treatments in low-alkalinity waters may be detrimental to the health of blue tilapia. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dstraus@spa.ars.usda.gov RI Straus, David/A-9218-2009 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 240 AR PII S0044-8486(02)00350-2 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00350-2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659XC UT WOS:000181802700018 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Mischke, CC Brashear, SS AF Zimba, PV Mischke, CC Brashear, SS TI Pond age-water column trophic relationships in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus production ponds SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE algae; pond culture; channel catfish; water quality; multivariate statistics ID LAKES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYLL; ZOOPLANKTON; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; CONFIRMATION; PREDICTION; PHOSPHORUS; LIMITATION; FILAMENTS AB Long-term temporal succession changes in nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton have not been previously investigated in aquaculture ponds. This study analyzed relationships of pond age with nutrients, zooplankton and phytoplankton populations, and incidence of off-flavor occurrence. Nutrient levels (iron, silica, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen), phytoplankton community composition, off-flavor compounds, and zooplankton community composition were determined for 10-11 replicate commercial channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus production ponds of ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 or 15 years postconstruction. Data were analyzed using canonical discriminant function analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regression approaches. Nutrients (N and P) accumulated in ponds during the first 3 years postconstruction; however, concentrations of these nutrients leveled off after this time. The continual addition of nutrients (as feed) makes standard chlorophyll-P relationships reported from natural lakes unable to account for variation in aquaculture data. Algal composition became dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria after year 4; zooplankton composition also was dominated by larger copepods and cladocerans in older ponds. Younger ponds had lower incidence and intensity of off-flavor relative to older pond water. If ponds are drained/reworked every 3-4 years, incidence of off-flavor should decline. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM pzimba@ars.usda.gov RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-4 BP 291 EP 301 AR PII S0044-8486(02)00427-1 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00427-1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659XC UT WOS:000181802700022 ER PT J AU Yildirim, M Lim, C Wan, PJ Klesius, PH AF Yildirim, M Lim, C Wan, PJ Klesius, PH TI Growth performance and immune response of channel catfish (Ictalurus puctatus) fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol-acetic acid SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE gossypol; growth performance; immune response; disease resistance ID COTTONSEED MEAL; INHIBITION; PRODUCTS; AGENT AB This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gossypol levels on growth performance, body composition, hematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish to Edwadsiella ictaluri challenge. A purified basal diet supplemented with 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid was fed to juvenile channel catfish in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Final weight gain was inversely related to the concentration of dietary gossypol. Fish fed diets without and with 1500-mg gossypol/kg had significantly highest and lowest weight gain, respectively. Feed intake and feed efficiency were a reflection of weight gain. Survival was not affected by dietary levels of gossypol. Whole body moisture increased whereas lipid decreased with increasing dietary gossypol concentrations. Body protein significantly decreased in fish fed with 1500-mg gossypol diet, but did not differ among fish fed with other diets. Body ash did not differ in fish fed diets containing 0-900-mg gossypol/kg but was significantly higher in fish fed higher levels of dietary gossypol. Gossypol concentration in liver was linearly related (R-2 = 0.991) to dietary levels of gossypol. Ratio of (+) to (-) gossypol isomers in liver of fish fed with different diets was relatively constant. Red blood cell (RBC) count of fish fed with the two highest levels of dietary gossypol (1200 and 1500 mg) was significantly lower than those of fish fed with control diet. Hemoglobin significantly decreased in fish fed with 900 mg or higher gossypol diets. Hematocrit was significantly affected at each incremental level of dietary gossypol of 600 mg/kg or higher. Serum protein did not differ for fish fed with the three lowest dietary levels of gossypol but was significantly reduced at 900 mg or higher gossypol. Macrophage chemotaxis ratio was similar for groups fed diets containing gossypol but was significantly higher than that of fish fed with the control diet. Serum lysozyme activity significantly increased at dietary gossypol levels of 900 mg or higher. Superoxide anion production as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay did not differ among treatments. Mortality at 14-day post-challenge with E. ictaluri significantly decreased at dietary gossypol levels of 900 mg or higher. However, antibody titer against E. ictaluri 15-day post-challenge was not affected by dietary treatments. This study indicates that juvenile channel catfish was more sensitive to gossypol toxicity than previously reported. The toxic concentration ranged from 300 to 1200 mg gossypol/kg diet depending on the parameter evaluated. However, improved macrophage chemotaxis ratio, serum lysozyme activity and resistance of catfish to E. ictaluri challenge were observed at dietary levels of 900 mg gossypol/kg or higher. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, MSA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. EM limchh@mindspring.com NR 59 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-4 BP 751 EP 768 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00062-0 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659XC UT WOS:000181802700055 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G Fare, R Srinivasan, R Scott, DW AF Whittaker, G Fare, R Srinivasan, R Scott, DW TI Spatial evaluation of alternative nonpoint nutrient regulatory instruments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE water quality; economics; agriculture; nitrogen; nonpoint ID WATER-QUALITY; POLLUTION; EFFICIENCY; POLICIES AB [1] Recent work has shown that because of differences in the physical environment across an area the choice of an instrument for regulation of nonpoint source agricultural pollution is an empirical question. The objective of this study is an empirical comparison of an economic incentive policy (an input tax) for reduction of agricultural fertilizer application with a command and control policy. Although a "first- best'' policy would be administered at the farm level, transactions costs practically require a single policy for the whole area. In an application to the Columbia plateau, a 300% input tax is shown to be preferred to a mandated 25% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer on financial and policy efficiency grounds. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX USA. Rice Univ, Dept Stat, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Whittaker, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 AR 1079 DI 10.1029/2001WR001119 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 667QZ UT WOS:000182245400001 ER PT J AU Cosh, MH Stedinger, J Brutsaert, W AF Cosh, MH Stedinger, J Brutsaert, W TI Time changes in spatial structure of surface variability in the Southern Great Plains SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE VARIABILITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; AVHRR DATA; HETEROGENEITY; TEMPERATURE; PATTERN; FLUXES; IMPACT; CLOUD AB This study focuses on time changes in the spatial structure of vegetation density and land surface temperature derived from satellite remote sensing in the Southern Great Plains. In this region the spatial distribution of vegetation density for a diverse land surface was anisotropic and statistically heterogeneous. As a drying period progressed, heterogeneity decreased slightly and the variability became more dependent on smaller length scales. Within similar land cover classifications, vegetation density was approximately homogeneous with a correlation scale up to 40 km. In the same region, land surface temperature exhibited anisotropy and heterogeneity with dramatic changes in structure from day-to-day. Land cover did not exert a significant control on the land surface temperature structure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mcosh@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00170-7 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 658EW UT WOS:000181709500004 ER PT J AU Showler, AT AF Showler, AT TI Effects of kaolin particle film on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), oviposition, larval feeding and development on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; kaolin; Spodoptera exigua ID SUPPRESSION; TORTRICIDAE; PLANT; PEAR AB Wettable, highly processed kaolin, a reflective white mineral, has been shown to reduce boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, damage to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and foliage. In a series of laboratory and outdoor cage assays, kaolin was assessed for its effects on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), oviposition, and larval feeding preference and development. In choice and no-choice assays, gravid beet armyworm females deposited 31% more (P < 0.0001) eggs on the kaolin-free plants than on kaolin treated cotton plants. Kaolin treated foliage caused complete mortality within 4 days to first instars, and significantly higher mortality to late second instars than controls. Feeding injury caused by third instars to kaolin treated cotton leaves was low (P < 0.005) as compared to controls. Kaolin has potential as a less toxic alternative pest management tactic. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika De La Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 201, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM ashowler@westaco.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 265 EP 271 AR PII S0167-8809(02)00101-9 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00101-9 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 658CM UT WOS:000181704100023 ER PT J AU Pattanayak, SK Mercer, DE Sills, E Yang, JC AF Pattanayak, SK Mercer, DE Sills, E Yang, JC TI Taking stock of agroforestry adoption studies SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE contour hedgerows; meta-analysis; soil and water conservation; tree planting; vote-counting ID SOIL CONSERVATION; RESOURCE DEGRADATION; LAND CONSERVATION; FARMERS; DETERMINANTS; PHILIPPINES; FOREST; INDIA; METAANALYSIS; TECHNOLOGIES AB In light of the large number of empirical studies of agroforestry adoption published during the last decade, we believe it is time to take stock and identify general determinants of agroforestry adoption. In reviewing 120 articles on adoption of agricultural and forestry technology by small holders, we find five categories of factors that explain technology adoption within an economic framework: preferences, resource endowments, market incentives, biophysical factors, and risk and uncertainty. By selecting only empirical analyses that focus on agroforestry and related investments, we narrow our list down to 32 studies primarily from tropical areas. We apply vote-counting based meta-analysis to these studies and evaluate the inclusion and significance of the five adoption factors. Our analysis shows that preferences and resource endowments are the factors most often included in studies. However, adoption behavior is most likely to be significantly influenced by risk, biophysical, and resource factors. In our conclusion, we discuss specific recommendations for the next generation of adoption studies and meta-analyses that include considering a fuller menu of variables, reporting key statistics and marginal probabilities, and conducting weighted meta-regressions. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mercer, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD APR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 137 EP 150 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 704JQ UT WOS:000184336900002 ER PT J AU Kubotsu, SL Hu, JB Carnahan, KG DeAvila, J Ott, TL Mirando, MA AF Kubotsu, SL Hu, JB Carnahan, KG DeAvila, J Ott, TL Mirando, MA TI The effects of chronic ethanol consumption during early pregnancy on conceptus health and uterine function in pigs SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ethanol; pregnancy; conceptus; prostaglandin; endometrium ID STIMULATED PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; ANIMAL-MODELS; FEMALE MICE; OXYTOCIN; SECRETION; SWINE; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; INDOMETHACIN; ENDOMETRIUM; METABOLISM AB Background: Maternal ethanol consumption impairs fetal health, but it is unclear if this occurs through direct actions on the conceptus or indirectly through effects on the uterus. The objective of this study was to determine if chronic ethanol consumption in swine would impair early embryonic and fetal health either through direct effects on the conceptus or indirect effects on the endometrium. Methods: Four experiments evaluated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption during early pregnancy. Female pigs were fed either 350 ml of 95% ethanol or an isocaloric amount of dextrose at 10 to 14-hr intervals beginning on day tO after pubertal estrus and continuing until ovariohysterectomy 11 to 35 days after mating. At the second estrus, pigs were mated to a fertile boar that did not consume alcohol. Results: In experiment 1, ethanol consumption increased (p < 0.01) blood alcohol concentrations that peaked 2-3 hr after feeding. In experiment 2, ethanol was detectable in uterine flushings 2 hr after feeding on day 11 of pregnancy and was highly correlated (r = 0.989, p < 0.001) with blood alcohol concentration. In experiment 3, ethanol consumption did not affect endometrial phospholipase C activity on days 11 and 16 of pregnancy but decreased (p < 0.05) basal endometrial prostaglandin F-2α production on day 16. However, ethanol consumption did not decrease the number of conceptuses on day 11 or conceptus DNA content on days 11 or 16. In experiment 4, ethanol consumption decreased (p < 0.05) fetal survival rate to 58% versus 85% in dextrose-fed controls on day 35 of pregnancy. For viable conceptuses, ethanol consumption reduced (p < 0.01) fetal weight, fetal crown-rump length, placental weight and volume of placental (chorio-allantoic + amniotic) fluid. Conclusion: These results indicate that chronic ethanol consumption may impair conceptus health directly or indirectly through actions upon the endometrium. Thus, the pig may be a valuable experimental model for studies on the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on conceptus development. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 2241, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD APR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 4 BP 712 EP 719 DI 10.1097/01.ALC.0000062650.09584.2A PG 8 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 669CT UT WOS:000182334900017 PM 12711935 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ AF Elzen, PJ TI Beekeeping issues - Topic: Varroa control SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB This begins a series of regular columns summarizing biological issues that beekeepers ask us about in the research community. Topics for future articles will include small hive beetles, diseases, pesticides, and new strategies for dealing with these problems. C1 USDA, Honey Bee Lab, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Honey Bee Lab, Weslaco, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 143 IS 4 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 663VY UT WOS:000182028100019 ER PT J AU Perez-Martinez, P Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J Gomez, P Marin, C Moreno, J Fuentes, F de la Puebla, RAF Perez-Jimenez, F AF Perez-Martinez, P Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J Gomez, P Marin, C Moreno, J Fuentes, F de la Puebla, RAF Perez-Jimenez, F TI Polymorphism exon 1 variant at the locus of the scavenger receptor class B type I gene: influence on plasma LDL cholesterol in healthy subjects during the consumption of diets with different fat contents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE scavenger receptor class B type I; SRB-1; dietary intervention; LDL cholesterol; genetic polymorphism; cardiovascular risk ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SR-BI; HDL RECEPTOR; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; SERUM; OVEREXPRESSION; MUTATION; LIVER AB Background: The association between polymorphisms in the scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB-I) gene and variations in basal plasma concentrations of cholesterol in humans has recently been described. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether the exon 1 variant (G-->A) at the SRB-I gene is associated with the lipid response to the content and quality of dietary fat in healthy subjects. Design: We studied 97 healthy volunteers with exon 1 polymorphism [65 homozygous for allele 1 (1/1) and 32 heterozygous for allele 2 (1/2)]. Both groups consumed 3 diets lasting 4 wk each. The first was a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet (38% fat, 20% SFA), which was followed by a carbohydrate (Cho)-rich diet (30% fat, < 10% SFA, 55% carbohydrate) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), olive oil-rich diet (38% fat, 22% MUFA) according to a randomized crossover design. At the end of each dietary period, plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were measured. Results: Carriers of the 1/2 genotype had a trend toward higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol (P < 0.11) after the SFA-rich diet than did those who were homozygous for 1/1. Carriers of the mutation showed a significantly greater (P = 0.007) decrease in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (-23%) in changing from an SFA-rich diet to a Cho-rich diet than did noncarriers of the mutation (-16%). Conclusion: Carriers of the minority allele, 1/2, are more susceptible to the presence of SFA in the diet because of a greater increase in LDL cholesterol. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM fperezjimenez@uco.es OI Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 658YA UT WOS:000181747600010 PM 12663276 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Abrams, SA Caulfield, LE AF O'Brien, KO Zavaleta, N Abrams, SA Caulfield, LE TI Maternal iron status influences iron transfer to the fetus during the third trimester of pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron; iron status; anemia; prenatal supplements; stable isotopes; neonates; cord blood; women; Peru ID PERUVIAN WOMEN; PRENATAL IRON; ABSORPTION; DEFICIENCY; ZINC; SUPPLEMENTS; RECEPTOR; INFANTS; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN AB Background: The effect of maternal iron status on fetal iron deposition is uncertain. Objective: We used a unique stable-isotope technique to assess iron transfer to the fetus in relation to maternal iron status. Design: The study group comprised 41 Peruvian women. Of these women, 26 received daily prenatal supplements containing iron and folate (n = 11; Fe group) or iron, folate, and zinc (n = 15; Fe+Zn group) from week 10-24 of pregnancy to 1 mo postpartum. The remaining 15 women (control group) received iron supplementation only during the final month of pregnancy. During the third trimester of pregnancy ((x) over bar +/- SD: 32.9 +/- 1.4 wk gestation) oral Fe-57 (10 mg) and intravenous Fe-58 (0.6 mg) stable iron isotopes were administered to the women, and isotope enrichment and iron-status indicators were measured in cord blood at delivery. Results: The net amount of Fe-57 in the neonates' circulation (from maternal oral dosing) was significantly related to maternal iron absorption (P < 0.005) and inversely related to maternal iron status during the third trimester of pregnancy: serum ferritin (P < 0.0001), serum folate (P < 0.005), and serum transferrin receptors (P < 0.02). Significantly more Fe-57 was transferred to the neonates in non-iron-supplemented women: 0.112 +/- 0.031 compared with 0.078 +/- 0.042 mg in the control group (n = 15) and the Fe and Fe+Zn groups (n = 24), respectively (P < 0.01). In contrast, Fe-58 tracer in the neonates' circulation was not significantly related to maternal iron status. Conclusion: The transfer of dietary iron to the fetus is regulated in response to maternal iron status at the level of the gut. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. Baylor Coll Med, USDA Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP O'Brien, KO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 2505, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kobrien@jhsph.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 924 EP 930 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 658YA UT WOS:000181747600027 PM 12663293 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP Davis, WC Knowles, DP O'Rourke, KI AF Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP Davis, WC Knowles, DP O'Rourke, KI TI CD21-Positive follicular dendritic cells - A possible source of PrPsc in lymph node macrophages of scrapie-infected sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRION PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NATURAL SCRAPIE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; SUFFOLK SHEEP; TISSUE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; WORKSHOP AB Natural sheep scrapie is a prion disease characterized by the accumulation of PrPSc in brain and lymphoid tissues. Previous studies suggested that lymph node macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) accumulate PrPSc. In this study, lymph nodes were analyzed for the presence of PrPSc and macrophage or FDC markers using dual immunohistochemistry. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the C-terminus of PrP reacted with CD172a+ macrophages and CD21+ FDC processes in secondary follicles. However, a PrP N-terminus-specific mAb reacted with CD21+ FDC processes but not CD172a+ macrophages in secondary follicles. Neither the PrP N-terminus nor C-terminus-specific mAb reacted with CD172a+ macrophages in the medulla. These results indicate that lymph node follicular macrophages acquire PrPSc by phagocytosis of CD21+ FDC processes. The results also suggest that follicular macrophages have proteases that process full-length PrPSc to N-terminally truncated PrPSc. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63904-1 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 658YH UT WOS:000181748300006 PM 12651600 ER PT J AU Sahu, SP Pedersen, DD Jenny, AL Schmitt, BJ Alstad, AD AF Sahu, SP Pedersen, DD Jenny, AL Schmitt, BJ Alstad, AD TI Pathogenicity of a Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis serotype IE virus isolate for ponies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; SUBTYPE IE; MOSQUITOS; ASSOCIATION; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; EPITOPES; AMERICA; VACCINE AB The enzootic or endemic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus (ID, IE, IF, and II-VI) are considered avirulent. In 1993 and 1996, outbreaks of encephalitis occurred in the horse populations in the Chiapas and Oaxaca provinces of Mexico, respectively. In both instances, enzootic VEE virus subserotype IE was isolated from brain tissues of dead horses. The present study investigated the pathogenicity of the Chiapas viral isolate (NVSL VEE IE 93-42124) in ponies. Three ponies were inoculated intradermally with 4, 5, and 6 logs, respectively, of the NVSL VEE IE 93-42124 viral isolate. All ponies showed fluctuations in body temperature, encephalitis, and other signs of infection with VEE virus. Virus was isolated only from the blood of ponies from day 1 to day 3 postinfection. Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections showed mild to moderate nonsuppurative encephalitis, perivascular cuffing by mononuclear cells, gliosis, and meningoencephalitis. Antibody (IgM) to VEE virus IE was unable to differentiate between various subserotypes of VEE I viruses (serotypes IAB, IC, ID, and IF). Virus neutralizing antibody titers to heterologous VEE I viruses were 10-100-fold less than those for NVSL VEE IE 93-42124 virus and Mena 11, a human isolate of VEE IE virus. The study confirmed that NVSL VEE IE 93-42124 virus, which was isolated from a brain of a horse during an outbreak of VEE in Chiapas, Mexico, was pathogenic for ponies. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sahu, SP (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 485 EP 494 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 670RX UT WOS:000182423600024 PM 12875302 ER PT J AU O'Handley, RM Morgan, SA Parker, C Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP AF O'Handley, RM Morgan, SA Parker, C Jenkins, MC Dubey, JP TI Vaccination of ewes for prevention of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT SHEEP; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; BALB/C MICE; INFECTION; ABORTION; CHALLENGE; RESPONSES; CATTLE AB Objective-To evaluate the immunologic response of a killed tachyzoite vaccine against Neospora caninum and its effectiveness in preventing vertical transmission of N caninum in sheep. Animals-40 Dorset ewes seronegative for N caninum. Procedure-Group-A ewes (n = 20) were vaccinated on days 1 and 126 with a killed N caninum tachyzoite preparation in a commercially available adjuvant. Group-B ewes (n = 20) were sham vaccinated. Blood samples were collected from ewes every 2 weeks and a recombinant ELISA (rELISA) was used to determine serum antibody titers against N caninum. During pregnancy, ewes were challenged with live N caninum tachyzoites. Precolostral serum was collected from lambs and tested for antibodies against N caninum by use of an indirect fluorescence antibody test and the rELISA. Tissue specimens from stillborn lambs or lambs that died within 2 weeks of birth were collected and examined for N caninum antigen and DNA by use of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assay, respectively. Results-Serum antibody titers against N caninum were significantly higher in group-A ewes, compared with group B ewes, following vaccination. Serum antibodies against N caninum were detected in 100% (33/33) of group-B lambs and 75% (18/24) of group-A lambs. In tissue specimens, N caninum DNA was detected in 9 of 11 group-B lambs and 0 of 10 group-A lambs. Histologically, N caninum tachyzoites were observed in 4 group-A lambs and 3 group-B lambs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The killed tachyzoite vaccine against N caninum stimulated a humoral immune response in sheep and provided partial protection against vertical transmission. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The killed tachyzoite vaccine against N caninum stimulated a humoral immune response in sheep and provided partial protection against vertical transmission. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.449 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661DM UT WOS:000181876000010 PM 12693535 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB AF Reeves, JB TI Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: Is sample dilution with KBr necessary, and if so, when? SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE MORPHOLOGY; CARBOHYDRATE SYSTEMS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SPECTRA; PROTEIN; WHEAT AB Data is provided showing that diffuse infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy can be used for accurate quantitative analysis of neat ground samples of a wide range of products, including forages, grains, foods, and soils, without the standard practice of using a KBr pellet sample preparation step. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Manure & ByProd Lab, Bldg 306,Rm 101,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 24 EP + PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 670QT UT WOS:000182420700004 ER PT J AU Probst, JR Donnerwright, D AF Probst, JR Donnerwright, D TI Fire and shade effects on ground cover structure in Kirtland's warbler habitat SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; USA AB Researchers and managers have suggested that a narrow range of ground-cover structure resulting from fire might be necessary for suitable Kirtland's warbler nesting conditions. Yet, Kirtland's warblers have bred successfully in numerous unburned stands and there is little direct evidence to indicate that ground cover structure is a limiting factor for nest sites or habitat suitability within appropriate landform-ecosystems. We documented the range of percent cover for dominant ground-cover structural components in burned and unburned habitat (stand ages 7-23 y) occupied by Kirtland's warblers. The mean percent cover for the dominant ground-cover structural components was lichen/moss (12.1%), blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) (9.5%), bare ground and litter (5.6%), sedge/grass (5.2%), deadwood (4.3%), sand cherry (Prunus pumila) (3.3%), sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina) (2.3%), coarse grass (1.8%) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursai) (1.2%). Burned sites had significantly more deadwood, sweet fern and lichen/moss cover, while unburned sites had significantly more bare ground and sedge/grass. We also investigated how fire, shade-history (i.e., pre-fire tree crown cover approximated by tree height and density) and succession influenced the percent cover of the dominant ground-cover structural components from 1 to 5-y after wildfire disturbance. The magnitude of differences in percent cover among shade-histories changed through time for the ground-cover components sand cherry, deadwood, grass/sedge and coarse grass. The percent cover of sweet fern, bearberry and bare ground was significantly different between some shade-histories. All dominant ground-cover components showed significant difference between at least one shade-history when compared to an unburned harvested reference stand. This suggests that more similarities exist among the three burned sites than between the burned sites and the unburned reference site. Our results suggest that fire, shade-history and succession influence ground-cover, but that various ground-cover components are affected differently by these factors. Because of the complex role disturbance history plays in maintaining ground-cover in Kirtland's warbler habitat, optimal management prescriptions are difficult to specify especially when aspects of Kirtland's warbler ecology other than nest location are also considered. Although suitable ground cover structure can result without fire, maintaining prescribed fire is still desirable because this is a historically fire-regulated system. However, the range of ground-cover structures accepted by the Kirtland's Warbler and its resilience to disturbance suggests that suitable ground-cover for Kirtland's warbler could be maintained in some stands without burning after every timber harvest. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Probst, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jprobst@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2003 VL 149 IS 2 BP 320 EP 334 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0320:FASEOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 658BB UT WOS:000181700800007 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Madarish, D Schuler, TM Castleberry, SB AF Ford, WM Madarish, D Schuler, TM Castleberry, SB TI Influence of white-tailed deer digestion on running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum : Fabaceae Muhl. ex A. Eaton) Germination SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; SEED DISPERSAL; MANAGEMENT; REDISCOVERY AB We compared the germination rates of running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) seeds that had been passed through the digestive tract of a captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), with those that had not. We found no significant difference among germination rates of seeds passed through deer and those not, nor with seeds that were, cold-stratified prior to planting and those that were not. Although white-tailed deer are viable vectors for running buffalo clover seed, our data suggest that the rates of ingested seed germination and survival are low. Dispersal and establishment of new populations by white-tailed deer herbivory may not contribute quickly or significantly to the recovery of running buffalo clover at present. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2003 VL 149 IS 2 BP 425 EP 428 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0425:IOWTDD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 658BB UT WOS:000181700800018 ER PT J AU Michiels, A Van den Ende, W Tucker, M Van Riet, L Van Laere, A AF Michiels, A Van den Ende, W Tucker, M Van Riet, L Van Laere, A TI Extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from latex-containing plants SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA extraction; CTAB; cichorioideae; latex; long PCR ID NUCLEAR-DNA AB The isolation of intact, high-molecular-mass genomic DNA is essential for many molecular biology applications including long PCR, endonuclease restriction digestion, Southern blot analysis, and genomic library construction. Many protocols are available for the extraction of DNA from plant material. However, for latex-containing Asteraceae (Cichorioideae) species, standard protocols and commercially available kits do not produce efficient yields of high-quality amplifiable DNA. A cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol has been optimized for isolation of genomic DNA from latex-containing plants. Key steps in the modified protocol are the use of etiolated leaf tissue for extraction and an overnight 25 degreesC isopropanol precipitation step. The purified DNA has excellent spectral qualities, is efficiently digested by restriction endonucleases, and is suitable for long-fragment PCR amplification. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Bot & Microbiol, Lab Plant Dev, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, SGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Michiels, A (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Bot & Microbiol, Lab Plant Dev, Kasteelpk Arenberg 31, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RI Van Laere, Andre/F-2133-2011; Van den Ende, Wim/I-6899-2013 OI Van den Ende, Wim/0000-0003-1137-3614 NR 21 TC 60 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 315 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00665-6 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 669BH UT WOS:000182331700009 PM 12672415 ER PT J AU Nichols, KM Young, WP Danzmann, RG Robison, BD Rexroad, C Noakes, M Phillips, RB Bentzen, P Spies, I Knudsen, K Allendorf, FW Cunningham, BM Brunelli, J Zhang, H Ristow, S Drew, R Brown, KH Wheeler, PA Thorgaard, GH AF Nichols, KM Young, WP Danzmann, RG Robison, BD Rexroad, C Noakes, M Phillips, RB Bentzen, P Spies, I Knudsen, K Allendorf, FW Cunningham, BM Brunelli, J Zhang, H Ristow, S Drew, R Brown, KH Wheeler, PA Thorgaard, GH TI A consolidated linkage map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; microsatellites; Oncorhynchus mykiss; type I markers ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; POLYMORPHIC DINUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; C-TYPE LECTIN; HOMOZYGOUS CLONES; RAPID COMMUNICATION; RECOMBINATION RATES; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; CHINOOK SALMON; PINK SALMON AB Androgenetic doubled haploid progeny produced from a cross between the Oregon State University and Arlee clonal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lines, used for a previous published rainbow trout map, were used to update the map with the addition of more amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers, microsatellites, type I and allozyme markers. We have added more than 900 markers, bringing the total number to 1359 genetic markers and the sex phenotype including 799 EcoRI AFLPs, 174 PstI AFLPs, 226 microsatellites, 72 VNTR, 38 SINE markers, 29 known genes, 12 minisatellites, five RAPDs, and four allozymes. Thirty major linkage groups were identified. Synteny of linkage groups in our map with the outcrossed microsatellite map has been established for all except one linkage group in this doubled haploid cross. Putative homeologous relationships among linkage groups, resulting from the autotetraploid nature of the salmonid genome, have been revealed based on the placement of duplicated microsatellites and type I loci. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thorgaard, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thorglab@wsu.edu NR 69 TC 154 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00957.x PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 658RR UT WOS:000181734700004 PM 12648093 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Nonneman, D Vallet, JL Christenson, RK TI Linkage mapping of the porcine testis enhanced gene transcript (TEGT) gene to chromosome 5 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISCOVERY C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM christenson@email.marc.usda.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 152 EP 153 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00965_6.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 658RR UT WOS:000181734700015 PM 12648104 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Danzmann, RG Rexroad, CE AF Palti, Y Danzmann, RG Rexroad, CE TI Characterization and mapping of 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Zool, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ypalti@mcccwa.ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00965_7.x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 658RR UT WOS:000181734700016 PM 12648105 ER PT J AU Liu, HC Cheng, HH AF Liu, HC Cheng, HH TI Genetic mapping of the chicken stem cell antigen 2 (SCA2) gene to chromosome 2 via PCR primer mutagenesis(1) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hcheng@pilot.msu.edu NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 158 EP 160 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00965_10.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 658RR UT WOS:000181734700019 PM 12648108 ER PT J AU Lindow, SE Brandl, MT AF Lindow, SE Brandl, MT TI Microbiology of the phyllosphere SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SYRINGAE PV. SYRINGAE; STREPTOMYCIN-RESISTANCE PLASMIDS; PLANT-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA; SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES; ACYL-HOMOSERINE LACTONES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PREMONTANE RAIN-FOREST; CONJUGAL GENE-TRANSFER; MUTAGENIC DNA-REPAIR; UV-B RADIATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, ARS, Produce Safety & Hlth Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lindow, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 126 TC 616 Z9 662 U1 13 U2 164 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1875 EP 1883 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.4.1875-1883.2003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 665ZU UT WOS:000182151800001 PM 12676659 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Ehrlich, KC Cleveland, TE AF Bhatnagar, D Ehrlich, KC Cleveland, TE TI Molecular genetic analysis and regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS STRAINS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE GENE; VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SECTION FLAVI; CYCLIC-AMP; STERIGMATOCYSTIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PARASITICUS NRRL-3240 AB Aflatoxins, produced by some Aspergillus species, are toxic and extremely carcinogenic furanocoumarins. Recent investigations of the molecular mechanism of AFB biosynthesis showed that the genes required for biosynthesis are in a 70 kb gene cluster. They encode a DNA-binding protein functioning in aflatoxin pathway gene regulation, and other enzymes such as cytochrome P450-type monooxygenases, dehydrogenases, methyltransferases, and polyketide and fatty acid synthases. Information gained from these studies has led to a better understanding of aflatoxin biosynthesis by these fungi. The characterization of genes involved in aflatoxin formation affords the opportunity to examine the mechanism of molecular regulation of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, particularly during the interaction between aflatoxin-producing fungi and plants. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dbhatnag@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 117 TC 107 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s00253-002-1199-x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675PB UT WOS:000182702800001 PM 12655449 ER PT J AU Moreira, VR Santos, HS Satter, LD Sampaio, IBM AF Moreira, VR Santos, HS Satter, LD Sampaio, IBM TI Feeding high forage diets to lactating dairy cows SO ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA E ZOOTECNIA LA Portuguese DT Article DE corn silage; hybrids; bm3; high forage; milk; dairy cow ID CORN-SILAGE AB Twenty two pimiparous and 26 multiparous Holstein cows were distributed in three treatments in a completely randomized design. Diets were prepared to have 55:45 (RCS) and 75:25 (RCSH) forage to concentrate ratio, for normal corn silage, and 75:25 (BMR) for another diet based on the bm3 corn hybrid silage. No interaction was observed between treatment and parity. Alfalfa silage to corn silage ratio were 47.7:53.3 in the forage portion of the diets. Dry matter and crude protein intakes (kg/day)were higher for BMR and RCS (19.5 and 19.5; 3.41 and 3.42, respectively), as compared to the intakes for RCSH (17.6 and 3.14, respectively), while neutral detergent fiber had higher ingestion with BMR treatment (6 61) and lower with RCSH and RCS treatments (6.08 and 5.40, respectively). Acid detergent fiber was highly consumed (kg/day) for BMR and RCSH treatments (4.88 and 4.73, respectively). Milk production was higher for the treatment with high levels of concentrates (35.7kg/cow/day), followed by the BMR treatment (34.1kg/cow/day)and finally, by RCSH with lower production response (32.1kg/cow/day). Fat test in the milk was higher for high forage diets, while milk protein content followed the opposite pattern. Hybrid bm3, used in high forage diets, was efficient to maintain performance of high producing dairy cows, when compared to diets with normal or high forage diets based on different corn genetics. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Moreira, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Moreira, Vinicius/E-5801-2011 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO MEDICINA VETERINARIA ZOOTECNIA PI MINAS GERAIS PA FEDERAL MINAS GERAIS CAIXA POSTAL 567-BELO HORIZ, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL SN 0102-0935 J9 ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO JI Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. PD APR PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1590/S0102-09352003000200011 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 686FT UT WOS:000183311300011 ER PT J AU Zacaro, AA Porter, SD AF Zacaro, AA Porter, SD TI Female reproductive system of the decapitating fly Pseudacteon wasmanni Schmitz (Diptera : Phoridae) SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ovary; fire ant; Solenopsis; biocontrol; ovipositor; Brazil ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTH-AMERICA; FORMICIDAE; PARASITES; SULAWESI; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL AB Pseudacteon wasmanni is a South American decapitating fly that parasitizes workers of Solenopsis fire ants. We used light microscopy (historesin serial-sectioning stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin) and scanning electron microscopy to show and analyze internal and whole external views of the female reproductive system. All specimens analyzed (n = 9) by light microscopy showed post-vitellogenic oocytes inside the ovaries. The lack of typical follicles (oocyte-nurse cell complexes) in all specimens suggests that oogenesis occurs during the pupal stage. The total number of eggs found ranged from 31 to 280 (X = 142 +/- 73, SD). The egg has a slugform or torpedo shape (about 130 by 20 mum) with a pointed apex at the posterior pole as defined by the fly; the micropyle appears to be in a depression or invagination at the anterior pole. An acute hypodermic-like ovipositor is evaginated from the hard sclerotized external genitalia during egg laying. The existence of a muscular bulb associated with the end of the common oviduct suggests that the egg is injected into the ant's body by a strong contraction of the bulb which probably is stimulated by bending of several ventral sensilla. During contraction, the abdomen extends out along a large fold between the sixth and seventh tergites in such a way that the sclerotized genitalia is rotated ventrally into a slightly anterior orientation in preparation for oviposition. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNESP, Dept Biol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Zacaro, AA (reprint author), UNESP, Dept Biol, CP 199, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD APR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 329 EP 337 AR PII S1467-8039(02)00049-X DI 10.1016/S1467-8039(02)00049-X PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 692KQ UT WOS:000183660600006 PM 18088990 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE AF Desjardins, AE TI Trichothecenes: from yellow rain to green wheat SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 757HQ UT WOS:000187557300015 ER PT J AU Dolbeer, RA Bernhardt, GE AF Dolbeer, RA Bernhardt, GE TI Age-specific reproduction by female laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) SO AUK LA English DT Article AB The age at which female gulls first reproduce is poorly documented. We examined plumage and reproductive organs of Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla) collected from May-August 2000-2001 at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York, to determine age-specific reproductive effort. Each gull was classified as one year old (hatched in previous year), two years old, or 3 years old on the basis of color patterns of the hood and tail feathers and fifth primary flight feather. For females, each ovary was examined to determine if post-ovulatory follicles were present. In 2000 and 2001, the first gulls with post-ovulatory follicles were recorded on 15 and 18 May, respectively. Overall, 54% of the 211 two-year-old female Laughing Gulls collected during June-August showed evidence of egg laying compared to 88% of the 320 gulls greater than or equal to3 years old. None of the 50 one-year-old females examined showed evidence of egg laying. Although a lower proportion of two-year-old females laid eggs compared to older gulls, we found no difference (P greater than or equal to 0.06) in mean number of postovulatory follicles or in frequency distribution of numbers of postovulatory follicles for the two age classes for those birds that did lay eggs. Within each sex, mean body mass increased (P < 0.05) with age. Mean left testis length of males increased (P < 0.05) with age. Our findings clearly established that two-year-old female Laughing Gulls can contribute significantly to the annual reproductive effort and that some adult (greater than or equal to3 years old) females did not lay eggs. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Dolbeer, RA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2003 VL 120 IS 2 BP 531 EP 535 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0531:ARBFLG]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 695KG UT WOS:000183829200030 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Wessman, CA Seastedt, TR AF Hudak, AT Wessman, CA Seastedt, TR TI Woody overstorey effects on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in South African savanna SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bush encroachment; carbon sequestration; fire suppression; Ganyesa; grazing; litter inputs; Madikwe; overgrazing; semi-arid savanna; soil texture ID ORGANIC-MATTER TURNOVER; TREE-GRASS INTERACTIONS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; PLANT ENCROACHMENT; LAND-USE; STORAGE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; IMPACT AB Woody plant encroachment in savannas may alter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools over the long-term, which could have regional or global biogeochemical implications given the widespread encroachment observed in the vast savanna biome. Soil and litter %C and %N were surveyed across four soil types in two encroached, semi-arid savanna landscapes in northern South Africa. Litter at sampling points with a woody component had a higher %N and lower C : N ratio than litter at solely herbaceous points. Severely encroached areas had lower C : N ratios throughout the soil profile than less encroached areas. Soil %C and %N were highly influenced by soil texture but were also influenced by the presence of a woody overstorey, which increased surface soil %C on three soil types but decreased it on the most heavily encroached soil type. Soil C sequestration may initially increase with bush encroachment but then decline if bush densities become so high as to inhibit understorey grass growth. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Child Earth Space, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1442-9985 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01265.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665HH UT WOS:000182113600008 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BW Waltman, WD AF Mitchell, BW Waltman, WD TI Reducing airborne pathogens and dust in commercial hatching cabinets with an electrostatic space charge system SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; TRANSMISSION; CONTAMINATION; CHICKS; ROOM AB Commercial hatcheries typically infuse hydrogen peroxide or formaldehyde gas into hatching cabinets to reduce airborne pathogens that may lead to disease transmission during the hatch. A nonchemical option, an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS), was customized for full-sized commercial hatching cabinets and was tested extensively in broiler hatcheries. The ESCS cleans air by transferring a strong negative electrostatic charge to dust and microorganisms that are aerosolized during the hatch and collecting the charged particles on grounded plates or surfaces. In studies with three poultry companies, the ESCS resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) reductions of airborne dust of 77%-79%, in Enterobacteriaceae and fungus levels not significantly different (P greater than or equal to 0.05) from those with formaldehyde, and in 93%-96% lower Enterobacteriaceae than with no treatment or with hydrogen peroxide treatment (P < 0.01). The ESCS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced airborne Salmonella by 33%-83% compared with no treatment or hydrogen peroxide treatment. Results of this study suggest that the ESCS is a viable alternative to chemical treatment for reducing airborne pathogens in full-sized commercial hatchets, and it also provides dust control and containment, which should be helpful in reducing cross contamination and loading of ventilation ducts within different areas of the hatchery. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Georgia Poultry Lab Network, Oakwood, GA 30566 USA. RP Mitchell, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0247:RAPADI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700001 PM 12887184 ER PT J AU Borenshtain, R Witter, RL Davidson, I AF Borenshtain, R Witter, RL Davidson, I TI Persistence of chicken herpesvirus and retroviral chimeric molecules upon in vivo passage SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; avian leucosis virus subgroup J; integration; in vivo; chimeric molecules; persistence; recombinant viruses ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; SUBGROUP-J; FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; INTEGRATION; SEQUENCES; PURIFICATION AB Mareks disease virus (MDV), a herpesvirus, and avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), a retrovirus, were used for experimental coinfection of chickens. Chimeric molecules having sequences of both viruses were detected by the hotspot-combined polymerase chain reaction (HS-cPCR) system. The detection of chimeric molecules provided evidence for avian retroviral inserts in the herpesvirus genome. The persistence of chimeric molecules on in vivo passage served to indicate the infectivity of the recombinant virus. The evaluation of formation and persistence of the chimeric molecules was performed in two trials involving three in vivo passages. The chimeric molecules were identified according to the primer sets, their product length, and pattern. The persistence of chimeric molecules on in vivo passages served as an indication of their ability to replicate in and infect chickens. In the first experimental passage, MDV and ALV-J prototype strains, MD11 and HC-1, were intraperitoneally (IP) injected into I-day-old chicks. The second trial included two passages. Passage II chicks were injected IP and passage III chickens were in contact with the chickens of passage II. For passage II, enriched white blood cells from blood samples of chickens from the first trial that had chimeric molecules were injected IP into I-day-old chicks. For passage III, uninfected chicks were included together with the infected chicks. Synthesis evidence for the various species of chimeric molecules was assessed in the tissues of birds of the second trial. DNA was extracted from blood and feathers and analyzed by the hotspot-combined PCR and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. To overcome the limits of detection, three amplification assays followed by hybridization of the products to specific viral probes were conducted. A variety of chimeric molecules were detected in low concentrations. Five species of chimeric molecules were characterized in blood, tumors, and feathers. Chimeric molecules were detected in 18 of 36 dually infected birds from the first trial and in 14 of 21 dually infected birds from the second trial. The findings show that, in four out of seven groups of the second trial, the chimeric molecule species persisted on passage. C1 Kimron Vet Inst, Div Avian Dis, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Davidson, I (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, Div Avian Dis, POB 12, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 296 EP 308 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0296:POCHAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700006 PM 12887189 ER PT J AU Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Brown, CC AF Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Brown, CC TI Pathogenesis of chicken-passaged Newcastle disease viruses isolated from chickens and wild and exotic birds SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; avian paramyxovirus-1; avian virology; chickens; double labeling; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; Newcastle disease; pathogenesis; veterinary pathology ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; DOMESTIC CHICKENS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; VACCINE MTH-68/H; CELLS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE; PATHOGENICITY; CORMORANTS AB The pathogenesis of six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates recovered from chickens (Ckn-LBM and Ckn-Australia) and wild (Anhinga) and exotic (YN parrot, pheasant, and dove) birds was examined after the isolates had been passaged four times in domestic chickens. Groups of 10 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens were inoculated intraconjunctivally with each one of the isolates. The infected birds were observed for clinical disease and were euthanatized and sampled at selected times from 12 hr to 14 days postinoculation or at death. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect viral nucleoprotein (IHC/NP), and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA and were double labeled for apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ([TUNEL] or IHC/caspase-3) and viral nucleoprotein (IHC/NP). Birds infected with the three low virulence viruses (Ckn-LBM, YN parrot, and Ckn-Australia) did not develop clinical disease. Microscopic lesions were observed only at the inoculation site and in organs of the respiratory system. The detection of viral nucleoprotein (N) was restricted to the inoculation site. The pheasant and dove isolates were highly virulent for chickens with marked tropism for lymphoid tissues, confirmed by the presence of large numbers of cells positive for viral N protein and viral mRNA. Viral N protein was detected early in the cytoplasm of cells in the center of the splenic ellipsoids. The apoptosis assays (TUNEL and IHC/caspase-3) showed increased apoptosis in the splenic ellipsoids as well. Apparently, apoptosis is an important mechanism in lymphoid depletion during NDV infection. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, 501 SW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0319:POCNDV]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700008 PM 12887191 ER PT J AU Garcia, M Narang, N Reed, WM Fadly, AM AF Garcia, M Narang, N Reed, WM Fadly, AM TI Molecular characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus insertions in the genome of field and vaccine strains of fowl poxvirus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE long terminal repeat; integration; reticuloendotheliosis virus; fowl poxvirus; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINE; CHICKENS; INFECTION; TURKEYS; POULTRY AB Evidence of the widespread occurrence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) sequence insertions in fowl poxvirus (FPV) genome of field isolates and vaccine strains has increased in recent years. However, only those strains carrying a near intact REV provirus are more likely to cause problems in the field. Detection of the intact provirus or REV protein expression from FPV stocks has proven to be technically difficult. The objective of the present study was to evaluate current and newly developed REV and FPV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect the presence of REV provirus in FPV samples. The second objective was to characterize REV insertions among recent "variant" FPV field isolates and vaccine strains. With REV, FPV, and heterologous REV-FPV primers, five FPV field isolates and four commercial vaccines were analyzed by PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis. Intact and truncated REV 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences were detected in all FPV field isolates and vaccine strains, indicating heterogeneous REV genome populations. However only truncated 3' LTR and envelope sequences were detected among field isolates and in one vaccine strain. Amplifications of the REV envelope and 3' LTR provided strong evidence to indicate that these isolates carry a near intact REV genome. Three of the four FPV vaccine strains analyzed carried a solo complete or truncated 5' LTR sequence, indicating that intact REV provirus was not present. Comparison of PCR assays indicated that assays amplifying REV envelope and REV 3' LTR sequences provided a more accurate assessment of REV provirus than PCR assays that amplify the REV 5' LTR region. Therefore, to differentiate FPV strains that carry intact REV provirus from those that carry solo 5' LTR sequences, positive PCR results with primers that amplify the 5' LTR should be confirmed with more specific PCR assays, such as the envelope, or the REV 3' LTR PCR. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30606 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Garcia, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Avian Med, Athens, GA 30606 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0343:MCORVI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700010 PM 12887193 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Siragusa, GR Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Stern, NJ Wilson, JL AF Hiett, KL Siragusa, GR Cox, NA Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Stern, NJ Wilson, JL TI Genotype analyses of Campylobacter isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts and the reproductive tracts of broiler breeder roosters SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; genotype analysis; DNA sequence analysis; rep-PCR; reproductive tract; semen; breeder roosters ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CHICKEN SEMEN; JEJUNI; CONTAMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIA; STRAINS; FRESH; HENS AB Campylobacter is considered to be the leading bacterial etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Evidence implicates poultry as a major source of the organism for human illness; however, the pathways involved in Campylobacter contamination of poultry flocks, horizontal transmission and/or vertical transmission, remain unclear. Recent evidence implicates breeders as a potential source for Campylobacter contamination of the subsequent broiler offspring. In this investigation, Campylobacter isolated from feces, cloacal swabs, ceca, semen, and vas deferens of 12 breeder broiler roosters were genotyped by both flagellin A short variable region (flaA SVR) DNA sequence analysis and repetitive element (rep)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 9 of 12 roosters, Camplylobacter was isolated from multiple sites sampled. Comparison of multiple isolates obtained from individual roosters revealed variable results. In five of the nine roosters, all Campylobacter isolated demonstrated closely related M SVR DNA sequences as well as rep-PCR patterns; isolates from these roosters were collected from both the gastrointestinal and the reproductive tracts or from the gastrointestinal tract alone. The remaining four roosters had Campylobacter that were distinct by both typing methods. Isolates from two of these four roosters originated from both the gastrointestinal and the reproductive tracts. Isolates from the remaining two roosters originated from only the reproductive tract. Comparisons of all Campylobacter isolates recovered from a distinct sample type within either the reproductive tract or the gastrointestinal tract (feces, semen, cloaca, vas deferens, or ceca) were quite diverse. No relationship between the genotypes and the sample type could be ascertained. Further investigation is needed to determine the route of contamination and if the presence of Campylobacter within the rooster leads to contamination of the broiler offspring via the fertilized egg. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0406:GAOCIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700017 PM 12887200 ER PT J AU Lupiani, B Williams, SM Silva, RF Hunt, HD Fadly, AM AF Lupiani, B Williams, SM Silva, RF Hunt, HD Fadly, AM TI Pathogenicity of two recombinant avian leukosis viruses SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE myeloid leukosis; lymphoid leukosis; recombinant ALV; pathogenesis ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; NATURALLY INFECTED CHICKENS; SUBGROUP-J; MYELOID LEUKOSIS; HPRS-103 STRAIN; SARCOMA-VIRUSES; TISSUE TROPISM; UNITED-STATES; ENV GENE; SEQUENCES AB We have recently described the isolation and molecular characteristics of two recombinant avian leukosis subgroup J viruses (ALV J) with an avian leukosis virus subgroup A envelope (r5701A and r6803A). In the present study, we examined the role of the subgroup " envelope in the pathogenesis of these recombinant viruses. Chickens of line 151, X 7, were inoculated at 1 day of age with r5701A, r6803A, Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1), or strain ADOL-Hcl of ALV-J. At 2, 4, 10, 18, and 32 wk postinoculation (PI), chickens were tested for avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced viremia, shedding, and neutralizing antibodies. All except one chicken inoculated with the recombinant viruses (98%) developed neutralizing antibodies by 10 wk PI compared with only 16% and 46% of the ADOL-Hcl and RAV-1-inoculated birds, respectively. ALV-induced tumors and mortality in the two groups inoculated with recombinant viruses were different. The incidence of tumors in groups inoculated with r5701A or RAV-1 was 100% compared with only 9% in the groups inoculated with r6803A or ADOL-Hcl. The data suggest that differences in pathogenicity between the two recombinant viruses might be due to differences in the sequence of the 3' untranslated region (presence or absence of the E element), and, therefore, not only the envelope but also other elements of the viral genome play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALV. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fadly, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0425:POTRAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700019 PM 12887202 ER PT J AU Branton, SL Bearson, SMD Bearson, BL Maslin, WR Collier, SD Evans, JD Miles, DM Pharr, GT AF Branton, SL Bearson, SMD Bearson, BL Maslin, WR Collier, SD Evans, JD Miles, DM Pharr, GT TI Mycoplasma gallinarum infection in commercial layers and onset of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma; fatty liver; layers; mortality; probiotic ID LAYING HENS; RAPESEED MEAL; FED DIETS; CALCIUM; FOWL AB Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was observed in each of three trials in which commercial layers were utilized to determine the effect of Mycoplasma gallinarum (MGn) on egg and eggshell quality parameters and egg production. In each of three trials, FLHS occurred 31-54 days later in MGn-inoculated hens as compared with the Mycoplasma-clean (control) hens. In trials 1 and 2, no therapeutic intervention was initiated to ameliorate FLHS. In trial 3, therapeutic intervention was instituted and consisted of the addition of 1 pound of choline chloride/ton of feed. Total mortality recorded throughout the duration of each trial and attributable to FLHS was not significantly different between the control and the MGn-inoculated treatment. However, FLHS-associated mortality in each of the three trials was numerically greater for the control treatment. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 458 EP 462 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0458:MGIICL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 697TQ UT WOS:000183959700023 PM 12887206 ER PT J AU Brown, MW AF Brown, MW TI Intraguild responses of aphid predators on apple to the invasion of an exotic species, Harmonia axyridis SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphidoletes aphidimyza; apple; biological control; Chrysopidae; Coccinella septempunctata; Harmonia axyridis; North America ID COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; PREY; ESTABLISHMENT; HOMOPTERA; LANDSCAPE; DENSITIES; ORCHARDS; ECOLOGY AB The effects of the invasion of an exotic predator, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were investigated using three experiments on the ecology of aphid predators on apple. One experiment, 1992, was collected prior to the H. axyridis invasion, and two others, 1996 to 1997 and 1999 to 2000, were collected after the invasion. Except for one year, 1999, H. axyridis was the dominant coccinellid, replacing the formerly dominant Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), another exotic species. The dominance of H. axyridis was greater among larvae than among adults. There was no apparent effect of the H. axyridis invasion on abundance of the predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a possible positive effect on the abundance of chrysopids (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Principal component analysis indicated that although individual species were affected, the overall effect of H. axyridis invasion on the predator guild as a whole was negligible. The data indicate that the interaction between the two exotic species, H. axyridis and C. septempunctata, may be allowing native coccinellids to become more abundant on apple than when C. septempunctata was the dominant coccinellid. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1022660005948 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 650WW UT WOS:000181287400002 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Factors affecting progeny production of Anaphes iole SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; biological control; Lygus hesperus; parasitoid; progeny; rearing ID LYGUS-HESPERUS HETEROPTERA; LINEOLARIS PALISOT; HYMENOPTERA; MYMARIDAE; MIRIDAE; LONGEVITY; AUGMENTATION; TRICHOGRAMMA; STRAWBERRIES; PARASITOIDS AB Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a native, solitary egg parasitoid of Lygus spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) in North America. Current research is considering factors that may optimize the in-vivo rearing of A. iole using Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) as host. The effects of host density, day of oviposition and food presence, parasitoid age and mate presence on production of A. iole progeny were determined in this study. After exposing individual parasitoids to host patches for 24 h, the percentage of hosts containing a late stage A. iole pupa was significantly greater at a moderate host density (41-70 eggs per patch) than at a low density (10-40 eggs). But, no differences were detected between moderate and high density (71-100 eggs) or between high and low density treatments. More adult progeny were generated by females (of variable age; 0-2 d old) on the first day of oviposition rather than the second day, regardless of food presence. Progeny sex ratio was decidedly male-biased on the second day. Female age (0 d vs 1 d old) had a marginal effect on production in 24 h; 0 d old females tended to generate more adult progeny than 1 d old females. Overall, this research suggests that exposing newly-emerged, unfed, mated A. iole females to a moderate to high host density for 1 to 2 d could lead to time-efficient production of adult progeny in an in-vivo rearing system. C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367,810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1023/A:1022691512074 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 650WW UT WOS:000181287400005 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Shapiro, M AF Farrar, RR Shapiro, M TI Damage to lima beans by Helicoverpa zea larvae treated as different instars with a nucleopolyhedrovirus SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE damage; Helicoverpa zea; instar; lima bean; nucleopolyhedrovirus ID BACULOVIRUSES; LEPIDOPTERA; VIRUSES AB Larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were caged as second, third, or fourth instars on lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus L., plants in the field with or without treatment of the plants with lethal concentrations of the H. zea nucleopolyhedrovirus. The virus treatment prevented over 90% of damage to pods and beans if larvae were second or third instars when placed in the cages. Damage to pods and beans was reduced by 73 and 86%, respectively, if the larvae were fourth instars when placed on the plants. When insects survived to the end of the test (which they did only on control plants), numbers of pods or beans damaged by each surviving insect was not affected by the stadium in which the larva was when it was placed on the plant. This result indicates that most damage was done by fourth or later instars. If treatments are to effectively prevent damage to lima bean, they should thus be applied before the insects reach the fourth instar. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 650WW UT WOS:000181287400007 ER PT J AU Bell, JM Smith, JL Bailey, VL Bolton, H AF Bell, JM Smith, JL Bailey, VL Bolton, H TI Priming effect and C storage in semi-arid no-till spring crop rotations SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE organic matter; C decomposition; C storage; crop rotation; C sequestration ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WHEAT-STRAW; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; GREAT-PLAINS; CARBON; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION AB Adoption of less invasive management practices, such as no-till (NT) and continuous cropping, could reduce CO2 emissions from agricultural soils by retaining soil organic matter (SOM). We hypothesized that C storage increases as cropping intensity increases and tillage decreases. We also hypothesized that pulsed addition of C increases the mineralization of native SOM. We evaluated C storage at the 0- to 5-cm depth in soils from four crop rotations: winter wheat-fallow, spring wheat-chemical fallow, continuous hard red spring wheat, and spring wheat-spring barley on a Ritzville silt loam (Calcidic Haploxeroll). In two incubation studies using C-14-labeled wheat straw, we traced the decomposition of added residue as influenced by (1) cropping frequency, (2) tillage. and (3) pulsed additions of C. Differences in C-14 mineralization did not exist among the four rotations at any time throughout the incubations. However, differences in total CO2 production between the continuous wheat rotations and the fallow rotations point to a priming of native SOM, the degree of which appears to be related to the relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to the decomposition of added residue. Addition of non-labeled wheat straw to select samples in the second incubation resulted in a flush of C-14-CO2 not seen in the controls. This priming effect suggests C inputs have a greater effect on mineralization of residual C compared to disturbance and endogenous metabolism appears to be the source of primed C. with priming becoming more pronounced as the fungal: bacterial ratio in the soil increases. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0587-4 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 682CD UT WOS:000183072200006 ER PT J AU Nagaoka, K Sakai, A Nojima, H Suda, Y Yokomizo, Y Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, RK AF Nagaoka, K Sakai, A Nojima, H Suda, Y Yokomizo, Y Imakawa, K Sakai, S Christenson, RK TI A chemokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible protein 10 kDa, is stimulated by IFN-tau and recruits immune cells in the ovine endometrium SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE cytokines; immunology; implantation; trophoblast; uterus ID LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; EARLY-PREGNANCY; INDUCIBLE PROTEIN-10; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; MURINE PREGNANCY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CXC CHEMOKINES; MESSENGER-RNA AB Proper distribution of immune cells in the uterus is a prerequisite for successful implantation and subsequent placentation, but biochemical signals that govern such events have not been well characterized. In the present study, the cDNA of a chemokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10), was identified from a cDNA subtraction study between uterine endometrial tissues from Day 17 pregnant and Day 15 cyclic ewes. The effect of IFN-tau on IP-10 expression and the involvement of IP-10 in the recruitment of immune cells were then investigated. Northern blot analysis revealed that large amounts of IP-10 mRNA were present during conceptus attachment to maternal endometrium and early placentation. IP-10 mRNA was localized to monocytes distributed in the subepithelial stroma of pregnant but not cyclic uteri. This finding was supported by the discovery of IP-10 mRNA expression in monocytes but not in lymphocytes, uterine epithelial cells, or stromal cells. Moreover, the expression of IP-10 mRNA by the monocytes was stimulated by IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IFN-tau in a dose-dependent manner, but the expression of IP-10 mRNA by the endometrial explants was most stimulated by IFN-tau. In a chemotaxis assay, migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was stimulated by the addition of IFN-tau stimulated-endometrial culture medium, and the effect was significantly reduced by neutralization with an anti-IP-10 antibody. These results suggest that endometrial IP-10 regulated by conceptus IFN-tau regulates recruitment and/or distribution of immune cells seen in the early pregnant uterus. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Reprod Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RI Nagaoka, Kentaro/C-2019-2013 OI Nagaoka, Kentaro/0000-0003-1038-1380 NR 46 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1421 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008912 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 660QT UT WOS:000181844400042 PM 12606423 ER PT J AU Aber, JD Goodale, CL Ollinger, SV Smith, ML Magill, AH Martin, ME Hallett, RA Stoddard, JL AF Aber, JD Goodale, CL Ollinger, SV Smith, ML Magill, AH Martin, ME Hallett, RA Stoddard, JL TI Is nitrogen deposition altering the nitrogen status of northeastern forests? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foliar N; nitrification; nitrate; soil C : N ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; LAND-USE HISTORY; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; CATSKILL-MOUNTAINS; SOIL CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; INSECT DEFOLIATION AB Concern is resurfacing in the United States over the long-term effects of excess nitrogen (N) deposition and mobility in the environment. We present here a new synthesis of existing data sets for the northeastern United States, intended to answer a single question: Is N deposition altering the N status of forest ecosystems in this region? Surface water data suggest a significant increase in nitrate losses with N deposition. Soil data show an increase in nitrification with decreasing ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) but weaker relationships between N deposition and soil C:N ratio or nitrification. Relationships between foliar chemistry and N deposition are no stronger than with gradients of climate and elevation. The differences in patterns for these three groups of indicators are explained by the degree of spatial and temporal integration represented by each sample type. The surface water data integrate more effectively over space than the foliar or soil data and therefore allow a more comprehensive view of N saturation. We conclude from these data that N deposition is altering N status in northeastern forests. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Aber, JD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; OI Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 90 TC 366 Z9 385 U1 12 U2 112 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0375:INDATN]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 667VD UT WOS:000182254000013 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Haeuber, R Tonnesen, GS Baron, JS Grossman-Clarke, S Hope, D Jaffe, DA Copeland, S Geiser, L Rueth, HM Sickman, JO AF Fenn, ME Haeuber, R Tonnesen, GS Baron, JS Grossman-Clarke, S Hope, D Jaffe, DA Copeland, S Geiser, L Rueth, HM Sickman, JO TI Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the western United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE urbanization; animal feeding operations; hotspots; policy implications; regional haze ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC AB Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from I to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year overmuch of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ammonia are about 50% as great as emissions of N as nitrogen oxides. An unknown amount of N deposition to the West Coast originates from Asia. Nitrogen deposition has increased in the West because of rapid increases in urbanization, population, distance driven, and large concentrated animal feeding operations. Studies of ecological effects suggest that emissions reductions are needed to protect sensitive ecosystem components. Deposition rates are unknown for most areas in the West, although reasonable estimates are available for sites in California, the Colorado Front Range, and central Arizona. National monitoring networks provide long-term wet deposition data and, more recently, estimated dry deposition data at remote sites. However, there is little information for many areas near emissions sources. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Cent Arizona Phoenix Long Term Ecol Res Project, Ctr Environm Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Lander, WY 82520 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 61 TC 244 Z9 258 U1 8 U2 71 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0391:NEDAMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 667VD UT WOS:000182254000014 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Baron, JS Allen, EB Rueth, HM Nydick, KR Geiser, L Bowman, WD Sickman, JO Meixner, T Johnson, DW Neitlich, P AF Fenn, ME Baron, JS Allen, EB Rueth, HM Nydick, KR Geiser, L Bowman, WD Sickman, JO Meixner, T Johnson, DW Neitlich, P TI Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen saturation; streamwater nitrate; eutrophication; lichens; biotic communities ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ALPINE TUNDRA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; INORGANIC NITROGEN; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB In the western United States vast acreages of land are exposed to low levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, with interspersed hotspots of elevated N deposition downwind of large, expanding metropolitan centers or large agricultural operations. Biological response studies in western North America demonstrate that some aquatic and terrestrial plant and microbial communities are significantly altered by N deposition. Greater plant productivity is counterbalanced by biotic community changes and deleterious effects on sensitive organisms (lichens and phytoplankton) that respond to low inputs of N (3 to 8 kilograms N per hectare per year). Streamwater nitrate concentrations are elevated in high-elevation catchments in Colorado and are unusually high in southern California and in some chaparral catchments in the southwestern Sierra Nevada. Chronic N deposition in the West is implicated in increased fire frequency in some areas and habitat alteration for threatened species. Between hotspots, N deposition is too low to cause noticeable effects or has not been studied. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Mt Res Stn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Western Arctic Natl Parklands, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Carneiro, Fernanda/E-9513-2013; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Carneiro, Fernanda/0000-0001-6389-4564; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 100 TC 341 Z9 374 U1 11 U2 137 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 404 EP 420 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0404:EEONDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 667VD UT WOS:000182254000015 ER PT J AU Cronn, RC Adams, KL AF Cronn, RC Adams, KL TI Quantitative analysis of transcript accumulation from genes duplicated by polyploidy using cDNA-SSCP SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; EXPRESSION; RNA AB Repeated rounds of polyploidy have been commonplace in the lineages leading to modern eukaryotic genomes, giving rise to widespread gene duplication. Genes duplicated by polyploidy, or "homoeologs," may continue to be expressed at equal levels following polyploidization or their expression may be dramatically altered. In this report, we describe how SSCP analysis of RT-PCR products can be used to evaluate the expression status (presence and relative quantity) of highly similar homoeologous gene pairs from an allotetraploid genome. This cDNA-SSCP approach was used to evaluate transcript abundance in "synthetic tetraploid" mRNA pools (i.e., mixtures of diploid products) and three natural homoeologous gene pairs expressed in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) ovules. Results from replicated tests show that cDNA-SSCP reliably separates duplicated transcripts with 99% sequence identity. Most significantly, the method yields quantitative estimates Of transcript ratios in template pools that range from equimolar to approximately 100:1. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Cronn, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 726 EP + PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666KQ UT WOS:000182176800009 PM 12703297 ER PT J AU Xin, ZG Velten, JP Oliver, MJ Burke, JJ AF Xin, ZG Velten, JP Oliver, MJ Burke, JJ TI High-throughput DNA extraction method suitable for PCR SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DRAFT SEQUENCE; PLANT-MATERIAL; AMPLIFICATION; MUTATIONS; TISSUE AB PCR has become one of the most popular techniques in functional genomics. Projects in both forward and reverse genetics routinely require PCR amplification of thousands of samples. Processing samples to extract DNA of sufficient purity for PCR is often a limiting step. We have developed a simple 96-well plate-based high-throughput. DNA extraction method that is applicable to many plant species. The method involves a simple incubation of plant tissue samples in a DNA extraction buffer followed by a neutralization step. With the addition of a modified PCR buffer, the extracted DNA enabled the robust amplification of genomic fragments from samples of Arabidopsis, tobacco, sorghum, cotton, moss, and even pine needles. Several thousand DNA samples can be economically processed in a single day by one person without the use of robotics. This procedure will facilitate many technologies including high-throughput genotyping, map-based cloning, and identification, of T-DNA or transposon-tagged mutants for known gene sequences. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM zxin@lbk.ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 16 TC 102 Z9 122 U1 7 U2 24 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 820 EP + PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666KQ UT WOS:000182176800019 PM 12703307 ER PT J AU Nunes-Halldorson, VD Duran, NL AF Nunes-Halldorson, VD Duran, NL TI Bioluminescent bacteria: Lux genes as environmental biosensors SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; bioluminescence; lux genes; Microtox toxicity bioassay ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; PHOTOBACTERIUM-PHOSPHOREUM; VIBRIO-FISCHERI; SUBUNIT FUNCTIONS; REDUCED FLAVIN; LIGHT-EMISSION; LUCIFERASE; REPORTER; NAPHTHALENE; TOXICITY AB Bioluminescent bacteria are widespread in natural environments. Over the years, many researchers have been studying the physiology, biochemistry and genetic control of bacterial bioluminescence. These discoveries have revolutionized the area of Environmental Microbiology through the use of luminescent genes as biosensors for environmental studies. This paper will review the chronology of scientific discoveries on bacterial bioluminescence and the current applications of bioluminescence in environmental studies, with special emphasis on the Microtox toxicity bioassay. Also, the general ecological significance of bioluminescence will be addressed. C1 Embrapa Pantanal, BR-1880 Corumba, MS, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Nunes-Halldorson, VD (reprint author), Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 Setembro, BR-1880 Corumba, MS, Brazil. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1590/S1517-83822003000200001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 741BN UT WOS:000186438800001 ER PT J AU House, WA Hart, JJ Norvell, WA Welch, RM AF House, WA Hart, JJ Norvell, WA Welch, RM TI Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cadmium retention; cadmium absorption; durum wheat; rats ID EDIBLE SUNFLOWER KERNELS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L.; DIETARY-CADMIUM; LONG-TERM; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; ORGAN CONTENT; ZINC; IRON AB A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in Cd-109-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 mumol Cd (570 mug)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with Cd-109, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0.12 mmol (8 mg), 0.43 mmol (28 mg) or 1.55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7.7, 4.6 and 2.4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0.12 mmol (8 mg), 0.43 mmol (28 mg) or 1.55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3.8 and 2.6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0.12 mmol (8 mg) and 0.43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1.3 %. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1079/BJN2002809 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 662KH UT WOS:000181945500009 PM 12654168 ER PT J AU Moruzzi, TL Royar, KJ Grove, C Brooks, RT Bernier, C Thompson, FL DeGraaf, RM Fuller, TK AF Moruzzi, TL Royar, KJ Grove, C Brooks, RT Bernier, C Thompson, FL DeGraaf, RM Fuller, TK TI Assessing an American Marten, Martes americana, reintroduction in Vermont SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE fisher; Martes pennanti; American marten; Martes americana; carnivores; reintroduction; camera; survey; Vermont ID LANDSCAPE PATTERN; CAMERA SYSTEM; WILDLIFE; FOREST AB During October-December 1989-1991, biologists from the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department and the USDA Forest Service reintroduced 115 (88 male, 27 female) American Martens (Martes americana) into the southern half of the Green Mountain National Forest. During the years of release, brief radio-contact was made with 9 of the 13 (8 male, 5 female) radio-collared animals, and several of these may have established residency. Results of winter track count surveys suggested the presence of at least four Martens in 1990. During winter 1994-1995, Trailmaster(R) cameras and boxed camera systems detected Martens at two, and Fishers (Martes pennanti) at 11, of 20 sites. During winter 1997-1998, Fishers were detected at 37 of 47 boxed camera sites, but no Martens were detected. During summer 1997 and 1998, no Marten photos were recorded at 285 pressure-plate camera stations in a larger area that included all Marten release sites. Although post-release monitoring may have been insufficient to definitively confirm Marten presence, results from the 1997 and 1998 camera surveys indicate that a viable population of Martens was not established in southern Vermont, perhaps due to competition with Fishers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Springfield, VT 05156 USA. US Forest Serv, Great Mt Natl Forest, Rutland, VT 05701 USA. US Forest Serv, Green Mt Natl Forest, Manchester, VT 05255 USA. RP Moruzzi, TL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 16 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 117 IS 2 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809LJ UT WOS:000220637900004 ER PT J AU Smith, BW Dobony, CA Edwards, JW Ford, WM AF Smith, BW Dobony, CA Edwards, JW Ford, WM TI Observations of long-tailed weasel, Mustela frenata, hunting Behavior in Central West Virginia SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Ruffed grouse; Bonasa umbellus; long-tailed weasel; Mustela frenata; nest predation; West Virginia AB Using infrared video-surveillance systems during 1999-2000, we observed attempts by two individual Long-tailed Weasels (Mustela frenata) to depredate female Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and their clutch of eggs. Neither female was captured despite Long-tailed Weasel attacks on multiple nights, but all eggs from one nest were either consumed or cached over a two-night period. Although Long-tailed Weasels have been shown to return quickly to areas of abundant prey, return visit behavior to locations where weasels were unsuccessful or only partially successful are poorly described. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Smith, BW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 117 IS 2 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 809LJ UT WOS:000220637900022 ER PT J AU Franks, SJ AF Franks, SJ TI Competitive and facilitative interactions within and between two species of coastal dune perennials SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE competition; disturbance; facilitation; Iva imbricata; stress; Uniola paniculata ID POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; SAND DUNES; STRESS; GRADIENTS; SHRUBS; DESERT AB While there is substantial evidence for facilitation, the effects of such factors as stress and species identity on positive interactions remain controversial. At two coastal dune sites, I tested the hypotheses that facilitative interactions increase with increasing stress and disturbance along an environmental gradient and that facilitative interactions are stronger among heterospecific than among conspecific individuals. I transplanted Uniola paniculata and Iva imbricata plants into plots along with four conspecific neighbors, four heterospecific neighbors, or no neighbors across an environmental gradient. Neighbors increased target plant survival, suggesting facilitation, but biomass of targets was reduced by the presence of neighbors, suggesting competition. Unexpectedly, competition was greatest in the purportedly most stressful and disturbed zone. In this study, the outcome of neighbor interactions differed for biomass and survival and depended on position along the environmental gradient, but was independent of neighbor identity. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Franks, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1139/B03-023 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 681NK UT WOS:000183042100005 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP AF Prestemon, JP TI Evaluation of US southern pine stumpage market informational efficiency SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME-SERIES; CAPITAL-MARKETS; UNIT-ROOT; PRICE DYNAMICS; ARBITRAGE; TESTS AB The literature on informational efficiency of southern timber markets conflicts. Part of this conflict is because of differences in how efficiency was tested. In this paper, price behavior tests are based on deflated ("real") southern pine (Pinus spp.) sawtimber stumpage prices, using some of the same data and tests used in previous research and some new data and tests. Here, different results are found in many cases regarding price behavior, as compared with the existing literature. Using a valid and consistent data-based model selection procedure, augmented Dickey-Fuller tests cannot reject a null of a unit root for most deflated monthly and all quarterly southern pine timber price series evaluated. Regressions of long-term deflated timber price ratios on their own lags lead to results similar to those offered by other authors when not corrected for bias but produce fewer similarities when bias is addressed. The results of those regressions support a contention that most of the monthly series contain nonstationary as well as stationary components and that quarterly prices tested in this framework using data through 2001 are closer to pure nonstationary processes. These results have implications for harvest timing approaches that depend on serial dependence of timber prices, provide support for certain kinds of policy and catastrophic shocks modeling procedures, and address the validity of statistical approaches best suited to evaluating interconnections among timber markets. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.1139/X02-198 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663NE UT WOS:000182011000003 ER PT J AU Ferguson, BA Dreisbach, TA Parks, CG Filip, GM Schmitt, CL AF Ferguson, BA Dreisbach, TA Parks, CG Filip, GM Schmitt, CL TI Coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria species in a mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE LODGEPOLE PINE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROOT DISEASE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SOUTHERN INTERIOR; NATURAL-POPULATION; BLACK-STAIN; OSTOYAE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION AB The coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria (Fr.) Staude species was determined on approximately 16 100 ha of relatively dry, mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sampling of recently dead or live, symptomatic conifers produced 112 isolates of Armillaria from six tree species. Armillaria species identifications done by using a polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic and diploid-diploid pairings produced identical results: 108 of the isolates were Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and four were North American Biological Species X (NABS X). Five genets of A. ostoyae and one of NABS X were identified through the use of somatic incompatibility pairings among the putatively diploid isolates. Armillaria ostoyae genet sizes were approximately 20, 95, 195, 260, and 965 ha; cumulative colonization of the study area was at least 9.5%. The maximum distance between isolates from the 965-ha A. ostoyae genet was approximately 3810 m, and use of three estimates of A. ostoyae spread rate in conifer forests resulted in age estimates for the genet ranging from 1900 to 8650 years. Results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms that influenced the establishment, expansion, and expression of these genets; the genetic structure and stability of Armillaria; and the implications for disease management in this and similar forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. Idaho Dept Lands, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Blue Mt Pest Management Serv Ctr, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 87 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 612 EP 623 DI 10.1139/x03-065 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663NE UT WOS:000182011000008 ER PT J AU Wargo, PM Vogt, K Vogt, D Holifield, Q Tilley, J Lawrence, G David, M AF Wargo, PM Vogt, K Vogt, D Holifield, Q Tilley, J Lawrence, G David, M TI Vitality and chemistry of roots of red spruce in forest floors of stands with a gradient of soil Al/Ca ratios in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PICEA-RUBENS SARG; BUTT ROT FUNGI; FINE ROOTS; ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; MYCORRHIZAL; DECLINE; GROWTH; NUTRITION AB Number of living root tips per branch, percent dead roots, percent mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal morphotype, response of woody roots to wounding and colonization by fungi, and concentrations of starch, soluble sugars, phenols, percent C and N and C/N ratio, and Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and P were measured for 2 consecutive years in roots of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in stands in the northeastern United States (nine in 1993 and two additional in 1994) dominated by red spruce and with a gradient of forest floor exchangeable Al/Ca ratios. Root vitality was measured for nonwoody and coarse woody roots; chemical variables were measured for nonwoody (<1 mm), fine woody (1 to <2 mm), and coarse woody (2 to <5 mm) roots. There were significant differences among sites for all variables, particularly in 1993, although few were related to the Al/Ca ratio gradient. Percent mycorrhizae decreased, while some morphotypes increased or decreased as the Al/Ca ratio increased. In nonwoody roots, N increased as the Al/Ca ratio increased. Most sampled trees appeared to be in good or fair health, suggesting that an adverse response of these root variables to high Al concentrations may be apparent only after a significant change in crown health. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Illinois, NRES, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wargo, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 635 EP 652 DI 10.1139/X02-195 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663NE UT WOS:000182011000010 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA AF Campbell, TA TI Investigation of variations in NBS motifs in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), M-edgeworthii, and M-ruthenica SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; disease resistance; kinase; Medicago edgeworthii; Medicago ruthenica; NBS-LRR; R-gene analog ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; GENE ANALOGS; RECEPTOR; KINASE; SUPERFAMILY; PCR; L. AB Campbell, T. A. 2003. Investigation of variations in NBS motifs in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), M. edgeworthii, and M. ruthenica. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 371-376. Medicago edgeworthii Sirjaev and M. ruthenica (L.) Ledebour are allogamous, diploid (2n = 2x = 16) perennials from Asia, which have a remarkable ability to survive stress, but are genetically distant from cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa L., 2n = 4x = 32). In lieu of hybridization, potentially important genes from the Asian species could be transferred to alfalfa using transgenic techniques. Many plant disease resistance genes (R-genes) belong to the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) superfamily and have several highly conserved NBS region motifs, which can be used to identify them. Thus, genomic DNA of alfalfa and the two Asian species was primed with a degenerate forward P-loop primer paired with degenerate reverse primers designed for GLPLA, RNBS-C, or RNBS-D-non-Toll/Interleukin (RNBS-D-non-TIR) motifs. The P-Loop/GLPLA primer combination yielded the largest number of sequences without stop codons, and alfalfa had the greatest variation within the kinase and RNBS-C domains; however several kinase and RNBS-C sequences were unique to M. edgeworthii or M. ruthenica. Priming with the P-loop/RNBS-C primer pair resulted in some open reading frames, which apparently did not belong to the NBS-LRR superfamily. The only open reading frames for the P-loop/RNBS-D-non-TIR primer combination were for M. ruthenica. These non-TIR-type clones, and the only non-TIR-type clone from the P-loop/GLPLA PCR (alfalfa), had sequences that were markedly different from the TIR-type sequences. The RNBS-C region may be useful in identifying non-TIR-type R-gene analogs in future studies. Screening for unique R-gene analogs in genetically distant Medicago species may be a very effective way of isolating potential new R-genes for transfer to alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 681LW UT WOS:000183038500017 ER PT J AU Holifield, CD McElroy, S Moran, MS Bryant, R Miura, T Emmerich, WE AF Holifield, CD McElroy, S Moran, MS Bryant, R Miura, T Emmerich, WE TI Temporal and spatial changes in grassland transpiration detected using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; CALIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; RATES AB The water deficit index (WDI) derived from Landsat imagery was used to detect temporal and spatial changes in grassland transpiration. The WDI, which estimates relative evapotranspiration rates based on meteorological data and the relation between surface reflectance and temperature, has been successfully applied over heterogeneous terrain with little a priori information. In this study, WDI was derived from a 10-year, Landsat-4 thematic mapper (TM), Landsat-5 TM, and Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data series of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Arizona during the summer monsoon period. Our study showed that measurements of surface reflectance and temperature from the three sensors could be combined without sacrificing product accuracy. WDI was correlated (R-2 = 0.73) with grassland transpiration measured by in situ instruments. Further, WDI varied temporally and spatially with variations in plant transpiration related to antecedent rainfall and slope aspect. WDI was compared with a measure of plant-available soil moisture (the antecedent retention index, ARI), which was derived from an hourly record of precipitation and runoff, obtained from rain gauges and flumes located in the watershed. Results showed that a nonlinear relation between WDI and ARI was significant but weak (R-2 = 0.45) and implied that WDI was the more sensitive indicator of vegetation condition. Ultimately, the WDI approach may be used as a viable tool to monitor grassland condition over heterogeneous regions. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Holifield, CD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1685 RUSSELL RD, UNIT 1-R, OTTAWA, ON K1G 0N1, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 746MC UT WOS:000186749300011 ER PT J AU Goff, J AF Goff, J TI Managing the transition cow - Considerations for optimising energy and protein balance, and immune function SO CATTLE PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Transition Cow Management in both Dairy and Beef Cows CY APR, 2003 CL HARPER ADAMS COLL, DETROIT, MICHIGAN HO HARPER ADAMS COLL ID PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-COWS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; EARLY LACTATION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; MAMMARY-GLAND; PROTECTED METHIONINE; UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; LIVER TRIGLYCERIDE AB This talk will provide information on strategies to help us allow the cow to better meet her demands for energy and protein. Data on trials to discover the optimum dietary energy and protein content of pre-freshening and post-freshening rations will be presented as well as some data on drenching of fresh cows. We will also discuss how metabolic disease can influence the immune system of the periparturient cow and affect her susceptibility to infectious disease. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU BRITISH CATTLE VETERINARY ASSOC PI FRAMPTON-ON-SEVERN PA THE GREEN, FRAMPTON-ON-SEVERN GL2 7EP, GLOS, ENGLAND SN 0969-1251 J9 CATTLE PRACT JI Cattle Pract. PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 BP 51 EP 63 PN 2 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 739XZ UT WOS:000186373200002 ER PT J AU Goff, J AF Goff, J TI Managing Hypocalcemia and milk fever SO CATTLE PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Transition Cow Management in both Dairy and Beef Cows CY APR, 2003 CL HARPER ADAMS COLL, DETROIT, MICHIGAN HO HARPER ADAMS COLL ID DAIRY-COWS; CATTLE; PREVENTION; CALCIUM AB The onset of lactation places such a large demand on the calcium homeostatic mechanisms of the body that most cows develop some degree of hypocalcemia at calving (Goff et al 1987, Horst et al 1994). In some cases, plasma calcium concentrations become too low to support nerve and muscle function, resulting in parturient paresis or milk fever. The factors, such as dietary cation-anion balance and blood alkalinity, that determine the degree of hypocalcemia a cow will experience at calving will be discussed later. However, it now seems clear that hypocalcemia has some widespread effects on the cow that predispose the cow to other periparturient diseases (Curtis et al 1983). Cows developing milk fever have higher plasma cortisol concentrations than do non-milk fever cows (Goff et al 1989, Horst and Jorgensen 1982, Littledike et al 1970), which may exacerbate immunosuppression ordinarily present at calving. Hypocalcemia also results in the loss of muscle tone in the uterus and teat sphincter, which, combined with the immunosuppressive effects of the excess cortisol, may account for the increased incidence of retained placenta and mastitis observed in cows with milk fever. Loss of uterine muscle tone is a major cause of uterine prolapse, and this disease process is almost always due to hypocalcemia (Risco et al 1984). Milk fever cows also exhibit a greater decline in feed intake after calving than non-milk fever cows (Goff and Horst 1997, Marquardt et al 1977), exacerbating the negative energy balance commonly observed in early lactation. In addition, hypocalcemia prevents secretion of insulin (Littledike et al 1970), preventing tissue uptake of glucose which would exacerbate lipid mobilization at calving, increasing the risk of ketosis. The decline in feed intake associated with milk fever would reduce rumen fill (so rumen sits above floor of abdomen) and the depth of the rumen matte allowing more VFA into the abomasum. It also would reduce abomasal contractility. All these effects of hypocalcemia predispose the cow to displacement of the abomasum. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU BRITISH CATTLE VETERINARY ASSOC PI FRAMPTON-ON-SEVERN PA THE GREEN, FRAMPTON-ON-SEVERN GL2 7EP, GLOS, ENGLAND SN 0969-1251 J9 CATTLE PRACT JI Cattle Pract. PD APR PY 2003 VL 11 BP 75 EP 79 PN 2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 739XZ UT WOS:000186373200005 ER PT J AU Raina, A Meola, S Wergin, W Blackburn, M Bali, G AF Raina, A Meola, S Wergin, W Blackburn, M Bali, G TI Antennal arnpullary glands of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocrine gland; accessory circulatory organ; antennal ampulla; moth, Helicoverpa zea (Insecta) ID CIRCULATORY ORGAN; MOSQUITO AB In adult moths, the cephalic aorta terminates in an apical sack from which extends a pair of optic and antennal vessels that lie on either side of the esophagus, at the dorsoanterior surface of the brain. The base of each antennal vessel is dilated to form an ampulla that contains an oval mass of tissue, the antennal ampullary gland (AAG). An ultrastructural study revealed that the AAG of the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is composed of a single type of 40-50 parenchymal cells that produce secretory granules. The secretory material is released into the lymph channel of the ampullary vessel, suggesting that the AAG is an endocrine gland. Unlike the prothoracic gland and the corpus allatum, the AAG does not receive direct neural innervation; however, portions of the aortal muscle, associated with the ampullary wall, contain neurosecretory terminals and some of their products may also affect the AAG. No morphological differences were found between the AAG of males and females, with the exception that the glands in males were slightly larger. The function of the AAG remains unknown at this time. Because the AAG is located within the ampulla of the antennal vessel, one could assume that the product(s) of this gland may influence the response of the antennal sensory neurons to external stimuli. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bangalore Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Bangalore 560056, Karnataka, India. RP Raina, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 312 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00441-002-0680-2 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 681DZ UT WOS:000183022800013 PM 12712322 ER PT J AU Bucheli, SR Passoa, S Wenzel, JW AF Bucheli, SR Passoa, S Wenzel, JW TI A novel approach for determining Gelechioidea phylogenetics: Total evidence analysis of Gelechioidea relative to Coleophoridde and sister taxa. SO CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Willi-Hennig-Society CY AUG 11-15, 2002 CL ESPOO, FINLAND C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, APHIS, Museum Biol Divers, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0748-3007 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics-Int. J. Willi Hennig Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 675JK UT WOS:000182690600015 ER PT J AU Du, CG Buckler, E Muse, S AF Du, CG Buckler, E Muse, S TI Development of a maize molecular evolutionary genomic database SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Plant and Animal Genome Conference CY JAN 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE database; maize; genome; evolution; germplasm; phenotype; SSR; DNA sequence AB PANZEA is the first public database for studying maize genomic diversity. It was initiated as a repository of genomic diversity for an NSF Plant Genome project on 'Maize Evolutionary Genomics'. PANZEA is hosted at the Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, and is open to the public (http://statgen.ncsu.edu/panzea). PANZEA is designed to capture the interrelationships between germplasm, molecular diversity, phenotypic diversity and genome structure. It has the ability to store, integrate and visualize DNA sequence, enzymatic, SSR (simple sequence repeat) marker, germplasm and phenotypic data. The relational data model is selected and implemented in Oracle. An automated DNA sequence data submission tool has been created that allows project researchers to remotely submit their DNA sequence data directly to PANZEA. On-line database search forms and reports have been created to allow users to search or download germplasm, DNA sequence, gene/locus data and much more, directly from the web. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Biol & Mol Biol, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Du, CG (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Biol & Mol Biol, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1002/cfg.282 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 676EM UT WOS:000182738500011 PM 18629130 ER PT J AU Hamernik, DL Adelson, DL AF Hamernik, DL Adelson, DL TI USDA stakeholder workshop on animal bioinformatics: summary and recommendations SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Plant and Animal Genome Conference CY JAN 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE animals; bioinformatics; database; genomics AB An electronic workshop was conducted on 4 November-13 December 2002 to discuss current issues and needs in animal bioinformatics. The electronic (e-mail listserver) format was chosen to provide a relatively speedy process that is broad in scope, cost-efficient and easily accessible to all participants. Approximately 40 panelists with diverse species and discipline expertise communicated through the panel e-mail listserver. The panel included scientists from academia, industry and government, in the USA, Australia and the UK. A second 'stakeholder' e-mail listserver was used to obtain input from a broad audience with general interests in animal genomics. The objectives of the electronic workshop were: (a) to define priorities for animal genome database development; and (b) to recommend ways in which the USDA could provide leadership in the area of animal genome database development. E-mail messages from panelists and stakeholders are archived at http://genome.cvm.umn.edu/bioinfo/. Priorities defined for animal genome database development included: (a) data repository; (b) tools for genome analysis; (c) annotation; (d) practical application of genomic data; and (e) a biological framework for DNA sequence. A stable source of funding, such as the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), was recommended to support maintenance of data repositories and data curation. Continued support for competitive grants programs within the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) was recommended for tool development and hypothesis-driven research projects in genome analysis. Additional stakeholder input will be required to continuously refine priorities and maximize the use of limited resources for animal bioinformatics within the USDA. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hamernik, DL (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, 1400 Independence Ave,SW,Stop 2220, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Adelson, David/E-5506-2011 OI Adelson, David/0000-0003-2404-5636 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMP FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1002/cfg.266 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 676EM UT WOS:000182738500016 PM 18629125 ER PT J AU Oppert, B Morgan, TD Hartzer, K Lenarcic, B Galesa, K Brzin, J Turk, V Yoza, K Ohtsubo, K Kramer, KJ AF Oppert, B Morgan, TD Hartzer, K Lenarcic, B Galesa, K Brzin, J Turk, V Yoza, K Ohtsubo, K Kramer, KJ TI Effects of proteinase inhibitors on digestive proteinases and growth of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect digestion; proteinase inhibitor; red flour beetle; Tribolium castaneum ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; DIABROTICA-UNDECIMPUNCTATA-HOWARDI; THYROGLOBULIN TYPE-1 DOMAIN; SOUTHERN CORN-ROOTWORM; CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; CATHEPSIN-D; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; CYSTATIN; LARVAE AB The physiology of the gut lumen of the red flour beetle, T castaneum, was studied to determine the conditions for optimal protein hydrolysis. Although the pH of gut lumen extracts from T. castaneum was 6.5, maximum hydrolysis of casein by gut proteinases occurred at pH 4.2. The synthetic substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-rho-nitroanilide was hydrolyzed by T. castaneum gut proteinases in both acidic and alkaline buffers, whereas hydrolysis of N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe rho-nitroanilide occurred in alkaline buffer. Inhibitors of T. castaneum digestive proteinases were examined to identify potential biopesticides for incorporation in transgenic seed. Cysteine proteinase inhibitors from potato, Job's tears, and sea anemone (equistatin) were effective inhibitors of in vitro casein hydrolysis by T. castaneum proteinases. Other inhibitors of T. castaneum proteinases included leupeptin, L-trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido [4-guanidino] butane (E-64), tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and antipain. Casein hydrolysis was inhibited weakly by chymostatin, Ntosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). The soybean trypsin inhibitor had no significant effect on growth when it was bioassayed alone, but it was effective when used in combination with potato cysteine proteinase inhibitor. In other bioassays with single inhibitors, larval growth was suppressed by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors from potato, Job's tears, or sea anemone. Levels of inhibition were similar to that observed with E-64, although the moles of proteinaceous inhibitor tested were approximately 1000-fold less. These proteinaceous inhibitors are promising candidates for transgenic seed technology to reduce seed damage by T.castaneum. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. J Stefan Inst, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 134 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 AR PII S1532-0456(03)00042-5 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00042-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 676AR UT WOS:000182730200008 PM 12727298 ER PT J AU Blaustein, AR Root, TL Kiesecker, JM Belden, LK Olson, DH Green, DM AF Blaustein, AR Root, TL Kiesecker, JM Belden, LK Olson, DH Green, DM TI Amphibian breeding and climate change: Reply to Corn SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATIONS; DECLINES C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Stanford Univ, Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Blaustein, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM blaustea@ava.bcc.orst.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 626 EP 627 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02506.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 658TK UT WOS:000181736400032 ER PT J AU Winicki, J Jemison, K AF Winicki, J Jemison, K TI Food insecurity and hunger in the kindergarten classroom: Its effect on learning and growth SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Economic-Association CY JUL, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Western Econ Assoc ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; INSUFFICIENCY; HEALTH AB This study investigates the correlation between food insecurity,, educational achievement, and health among kindergarten children in the United States. Data from the Early, Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort are used to analyze educational achievement and physical growth of kindergartners faced with food insecurity. The results demonstrate that children begin to experience the effects of food insecurity even at the most marginal level of household food deprivation. Children in households with any signs of food insecurity, score lower and learn less during the school year. C1 Amer Inst Res, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Winicki, J (reprint author), Amer Inst Res, 1000 Thomas Jefferson St NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2003 VL 21 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1093/cep/byg001 PG 13 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 665DC UT WOS:000182103500001 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, KK TI Type studies of resupinate hydnaceous Hymenomycetes described by Patouillard SO CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Acia; Beenakia; Corticiaceae; Hydnum; Odontia; Radulum; taxonomy; type specimens AB Type specimens of fourteen resupinate or pileate, hydnaceous (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) species described by Patouillard were studied. The species are from Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Java, Madagascar, Tunisia, Venezuela, and Vietnam. New combinations Beenakia hololeuca (Pat.) Nakasone, Hyphodontia ochroflava (Pat.) Nakasone, Phlebia citrea (Pat.) Nakasone, Scopulodontia latemarginata (Pat.) Nakasone, and Scopulodies subgelationsa (Pat.) Nakasone are proposed. In addition, the new combination Phlebia subceracea (Wakef.) Nakasone is proposed for a taxon from Australia that is similar to P. citrea. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0181-1584 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL JI Cryptogam. Mycol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 712AF UT WOS:000184772700004 ER PT J AU Jaworski, J Cahoon, EB AF Jaworski, J Cahoon, EB TI Industrial oils from transgenic plants SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN; FATTY-ACID COMPONENTS; PETROSELINIC ACID; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; BIOSYNTHETIC ORIGIN; SOYBEAN EMBRYOS; MATURING SEEDS; DESATURASE; EXPRESSION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL AB Unusual fatty acids that have useful industrial properties occur widely in the seed oils of many non-agronomic plant species. Researchers are attempting to use biotechnology to produce high levels of these fatty acids in the seeds of existing crop plants. cDNAs for a wide variety of unusual fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes have been identified, particularly through the use of expressed sequence tags. However, it has not yet been possible to use these cDNAs to produce large amounts of unusual fatty acids in seeds of transgenic plants. This difficulty points to the need for a greater understanding of fatty acid metabolism in oilseeds. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Jaworski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RI Jaworski, Jan/N-2255-2014; OI Jaworski, Jan/0000-0003-3309-4915 NR 38 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 13 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00013-X PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 666LL UT WOS:000182178700014 PM 12667876 ER PT J AU Kang, DM Huang, F Li, DL Shankland, M Gaffield, W Weisblat, DA AF Kang, DM Huang, F Li, DL Shankland, M Gaffield, W Weisblat, DA TI A hedgehog homolog regulates gut formation in leech (Helobdella) SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE hedgehog; Helobdella robusta; gut formation; cell signaling ID CELL LINEAGE ANALYSIS; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; HOMEOBOX GENE; SIGNALING MOLECULES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DROSOPHILA; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOS; TRISERIALIS; PROTEIN AB Signaling by the hedgehog (hh)-class gene pathway is essential for embryogenesis in organisms ranging from Drosophila to human. We have isolated a hh homolog (Hro-hh) from a lophotrochozoan species, the glossiphoniid leech, Helobdella robusta, and examined its expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-mount in situ hybridization. The peak of Hro-hh expression occurs during organogenesis (stages 10-11). No patterned expression was detected within the segmented portion of the germinal plate during the early stages of segmentation. In stage 10-11 embryos, Hro-hh is expressed in body wall, foregut, anterior and posterior midgut, reproductive organs and in a subset of ganglionic neurons. Evidence that Hro-hh regulates gut formation was obtained using the steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine, which specifically blocks HH signaling. Cyclopamine induced malformation of both foregut and anterior midgut in Helobdella embryos, and no morphologically recognizable gonads were seen. In contrast, no gross abnormalities were observed in the posterior midgut. Segmental ectoderm developed normally, as did body wall musculature and some other mesodermal derivatives, but the mesenchymal cells that normally come to fill most of the coelomic cavities failed to develop. Taken with data from Drosophila and vertebrates, our data suggest that the role of hh-class genes in gut formation and/or neural differentiation is ancestral to the bilaterians, whereas their role in segmentation evolved secondarily within the Ecdysozoa. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Weisblat, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 385 LSA, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 60240] NR 68 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD APR PY 2003 VL 130 IS 8 BP 1645 EP 1657 DI 10.1242/dev.00395 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 673QW UT WOS:000182592500014 PM 12620988 ER PT J AU Seaman-Bridges, JS Carroll, JA Safranski, TJ Berg, EP AF Seaman-Bridges, JS Carroll, JA Safranski, TJ Berg, EP TI Short- and long-term influence of perinatal dexamethasone treatment on swine growth SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pigs; dexamethasone; growth ID NEONATAL PIGS; SOMATOTROPH FUNCTION; POSTNATAL FUNCTION; CESAREAN-SECTION; IGF-I; PERFORMANCE; BIRTH; AXIS; PROTEIN; WEIGHT AB The objective was to evaluate the effects of perinatal dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on postnatal growth in pigs. Experiment 1: 42 piglets were assigned according to birth weight and sex to receive either Dex (1 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline (Control; equivalent volume) i.m. within 1 h of birth. Body weights were recorded weekly and at sacrifice (day 18). Birth weights (1.43 +/- 0.05 kg) did not differ between treatment groups (P > 0.19). At day 18, Dex pigs were heavier than Control pigs (5.46 +/- 0.24 and 4.45 +/- 0.26 kg, respectively). Serum IGF-1 was 17.3% higher in Dex pigs (P < 0.04) compared to Controls. For serum GH, there was a treatment x sex interaction (P < 0.04) with GH being 51% lower in Dex males compared to Control males, and no differences in females. Experiment 2: 71 pigs were assigned according to birth weight and sex to receive either Dex (2 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline (Control; equivalent volume) i.m. within 1 h of birth. Body weights were recorded weekly until weaning (day 21) and then every 14th day until market weight. Birth weights (1.53 +/- 0.03 kg) did not differ (P > 0.35) between treatment groups or sexes. Dexamethasone increased growth from birth to market weight by 4.15%. Carcass weights were not different (P > 0.34) between Dex (89.9 +/- 1.17 kg) and Control pigs (88.6 +/- 1.36 kg). Overall, Dex enhanced growth in pigs from birth to market weight with minimal effects on carcass and meat quality. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00238-2 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 662LX UT WOS:000181949200001 PM 12642160 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP AF Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP TI Methimzole and thyroid hormone replacement in broilers SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methimazole; triiodothyronine; thyroid group ID GROWTH-HORMONE; MALIC ENZYME; IGF-I; FEEDING REGIMENS; MESSENGER-RNA; BODY-WEIGHT; CHICKENS; INSULIN; PLASMA; RAT AB Seven-day-old chickens were fed diets containing 18% crude protein + 0 or 1 g methimazole/kg to produce either euthyroid or hypothyroid groups of birds at 28 days of age. These two groups were then offered diets containing either 0 or 1 mg triiodothyronine (T-3)/kg diet. Birds were sampled at 0, 2, 5, and 8 days following the onset of the T-3 treatment. Measurements taken at these intervals included in vitro hepatic lipogenesis (IVL), growth and feed consumption, hepatic enzyme activities (malic enzyme, ME; isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICD; and aspartate amino transferase, AAT), plasma hormones (T-3; thyroxine, T-4; insulin like growth factors I, IGF-I; and insulin like growth factors II, IGF-II) and metabolites (glucose; fatty acids, NEFA; triglyerides; uric acid). Hypothyroidism decreased IVL and ME at 28 days of age; however, T-3 supplementation for 2 days restored both IVL and ME. Paradoxically, continuing T-3 replenishment for an additional 3-6 days decreased IVL without affecting ME activity. In contrast, supplemental T-3 decreased IVL in euthyroid birds, regardless of the dosing interval, but had no effect on ME activity. Methimazole decreased plasma T-3, T-4, uric acid, and IGF-I, but did not affect IGF-II at 28 days. Giving T-3 to birds previously on methimazole increased plasma IGF-I as did feeding a control diet. Supplemental T-3 increased NEFA in both euthyroid and hypothyroid birds, but only for a short period following the initiation of supplementation (2 days post-supplementation). These data may help to explain some of the apparent reported dichotomies in lipid metabolism elicited by changes in the thyroid state of animals. In addition, most metabolic changes in response to feeding T-3 occurred within 2-5 days, suggesting that changes in intermediary metabolism preceded morphological changes. In conclusion, the thyroid state of the animal will determine responses to exogenous T-3 (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rosebrough, RW (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00236-9 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 662LX UT WOS:000181949200004 PM 12642163 ER PT J AU Heo, J Kattesh, HG Matteri, RL Grizzle, JD Godkin, JD AF Heo, J Kattesh, HG Matteri, RL Grizzle, JD Godkin, JD TI Partial nucleotide sequence of the porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) cDNA and specification of CBG expression sites in postnatal pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig; postnatal; CBG; cDNA ID FETAL SHEEP; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The purpose of this study was to develop a porcine CBG cDNA probe in order to examine the porcine CBG mRNA expression in major tissues from the postnatal pig. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to develop the porcine CBG cDNA probe using total RNA extracted from liver of 40-day-old pig. The RT-PCR product was subcloned into the pGEM vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and subjected to restriction enzyme treatments and DNA sequencing. Northern blot analysis was conducted using total RNA extracted from samples (similar to200 mg) of liver, lung, kidney, and whole adrenal tissue that were collected from pigs on day 3 (n = 2) or day 40 (n = 2) postpartum. A 500 bp partial porcine CBG cDNA encoded 166 amino acids and had 83, 78, and 77% homology to a 494-nucleotide sequence of CBG from sheep, human, and rabbit, respectively. The deduced peptide sequence of the partial porcine CBG showed 77, 62, 60, and 51% homology to sheep, human, rabbit, and rat CBG sequences, respectively. An approximately 1.53 kb CBG mRNA was detected only in the liver tissue. In conclusion, the development of a partial CBG cDNA for swine makes it possible to study the ontogeny and the regulation of CBG synthesis at the molecular level and, based on tissues examined in this study, the liver appears to be the primary source of CBG biosynthesis in the postnatal pig. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kattesh, HG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00241-2 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 662LX UT WOS:000181949200006 PM 12642165 ER PT J AU Cenderelli, DA Wohl, EE AF Cenderelli, DA Wohl, EE TI Flow hydraulics and geomorphic effects of glacial-lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE geomorphic effects; specific stream power; glacial-lake outburst floods ID HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BOULDER DEPOSITS; FLASH-FLOOD; RIVER; COMPETENCE; EXAMPLES; GORGE; ENTRAINMENT; THRESHOLDS AB Glacial-lake outburst floods (GLOFs) on 3 September 1977 and 4 August 1985 dramatically modified channels and valleys in the Mount Everest region of Nepal by eroding, transporting, and depositing large quantities of sediment for tens of kilometres along the flood routes. The GLOF discharges were 7 to 60 times greater than normal floods derived from snowmelt runoff, glacier meltwater, and monsoonal precipitation (referred to as seasonal high flow floods, SHFFs). Specific stream power values ranged from as low as 1900 W m(-2) in wide, low-gradient valley segments to as high as 51700 W m(-2) in narrow, high-gradient valley segments bounded by bedrock. Along the upper 16 km of the GLOF routes, the reach-averaged specific stream power of the GLOFs was 3(.)2 to 8(.)0 times greater than the reach-averaged specific stream power of the SHFFs. The greatest geomorphic change occurred along the upper 10 to 16 km of the GLOF routes, where the ratio between the GLOF specific stream power and the SHFF specific stream power was the greatest, there was an abundant supply of sediment, and channel/valley boundaries consisted primarily of unconsolidated sediment. Below 11 to 16 km from the source area, the geomorphic effects of the GLOFs were reduced because of the lower specific stream power ratio between the GLOFs and SHFFs, more resistant bedrock flow boundaries, reduced sediment supply, and the occurrence of past GLOFs. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cenderelli, DA (reprint author), USDA, Olymp Natl Forest, 353 S Shore Rd, Quinault, WA USA. NR 66 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 385 EP 407 DI 10.1002/esp.448 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 670XB UT WOS:000182434400004 ER PT J AU May, CL Gresswell, RE AF May, CL Gresswell, RE TI Processes and rates of sediment and wood accumulation in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE debris flows; sedimentation; large wood; dendrochronology; bedrock streams ID CHANNEL NETWORKS; EROSION RATES; DEBRIS FLOWS; WASHINGTON; SYSTEMS; TIME; FIRE AB Channels that have been scoured to bedrock by debris flows provide unique opportunities to calculate the rate of sediment and wood accumulation in low-order streams, to understand the temporal succession of channel morphology following disturbance, and to make inferences about processes associated with input and transport of sediment. Dendrochronology was used to estimate the time since the previous debris flow and the time since the last stand-replacement fire in unlogged basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon. Debris flow activity increased 42 per cent above the background rate in the decades immediately following the last wildfire. Changes in wood and sediment storage were quantified for 13 streams that ranged from 4 to 144 years since the previous debris flow. The volume of wood and sediment in the channel, and the length of channel with exposed bedrock, were strongly correlated with the time since the previous debris flow. Wood increased the storage capacity of the channel and trapped the majority of the sediment in these steep headwater streams. In the absence of wood, channels that have been scoured to bedrock by a debris flow may lack the capacity to store sediment and could persist in a bedrock state for an extended period of time. With an adequate supply of wood, low-order channels have the potential of storing large volumes of sediment in the interval between debris flows and can function as one of the dominant storage reservoirs for sediment in mountainous terrain. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), USFS, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM clmay@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1002/esp.450 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 670XB UT WOS:000182434400005 ER PT J AU Gallant, AL Hansen, AJ Councilman, JS Monte, DK Betz, DW AF Gallant, AL Hansen, AJ Councilman, JS Monte, DK Betz, DW TI Vegetation dynamics under fire exclusion and logging in a Rocky Mountain watershed, 1856-1996 SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire exclusion; GIS modeling; land management; Rocky Mountain (USA) vegetation; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation modeling; vegetation reconstruction; Yellowstone ecosystem ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN JUNIPER; CLIMATE; ENCROACHMENT; FREQUENCY; COLORADO; REGIMES; HISTORY AB How have changes in land management practices affected vegetation patterns in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem? This question led us to develop a deterministic, successional, vegetation model to "turn back the clock" on a study area and assess how patterns in vegetation cover type and structure have changed through different periods of management. Our modeling spanned the closing decades of use by Native Americans, subsequent Euro-American settlement, and associated indirect methods of fire suppression, and more recent practices of fire exclusion and timber harvest. Model results were striking, indicating that the primary forest dynamic in the study area is not fragmentation of conifer forest by logging, but the transition from a fire-driven mosaic of grassland, shrubland, broadleaf forest, and mixed forest communities to a conifer-dominated landscape. Projections for conifer-dominated stands showed an increase in areal coverage from 15% of the study arcain the mid-1800s to similar to50% by the mid-1990s. During the same period, projections for aspen-dominated stands showed a decline in coverage from 37% to 8%. Substantial acreage previously occupied by a variety of age classes has given way to extensive tracts. of mature forest. Only 4% of the study area is currently covered by young stands, all of which are coniferous. While logging has replaced wildfire as a mechanism for cycling younger stands into the landscape, the locations, species constituents, patch sizes, and ecosystem dynamics associated with logging do not mimic those associated with fire. It is also apparent that the nature of these differences varies among biophysical settings, and that land managers might consider a biophysical class strategy for tailoring management goals and restoration efforts. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Isl Pk Ranger Stn, Isl Pk, ID 83429 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Supervisors Off, St Anthony, ID 83445 USA. RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sci & Applicat Branch, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gallant@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 385 EP 403 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0385:VDUFEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674ZX UT WOS:000182669300009 ER PT J AU Goldstein, MI Corson, MS Lacher, TE Grant, WE AF Goldstein, MI Corson, MS Lacher, TE Grant, WE TI Managed forests and migratory bird populations: evaluating spatial configurations through simulation SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE spatially explicit simulation; neotropical migrant birds; industrial forestry; habitat fragmentation; connectivity ID SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; MODEL; CONSERVATION; STRATEGIES; PREDATION; SONGBIRDS; DIVERSITY AB We developed a simulation model of forest succession in managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) short-leaf pine(Pinus echinata) plantations to explore factors that influence temporal variability in avian richness. We simulated 16 unique landscapes through a full harvest rotation (i.e. 25 years from planting to harvest). In the model, Neotropical migrant birds colonized tree stands based on habitat parameters such as vegetation type, stand size and configuration, and amount of edge. The model predicted species richness and abundance for each stand and across the landscape. Results demonstrated how stand size, stand configuration, and habitat fragmentation may play a substantial role in landscape suitability concerns for Neotropical migrant birds. An intermediate level of landscape fragmentation appeared to decrease variation in total bird abundance and to provide greater overall species richness, the latter an important consideration when the concern lies with optimizing multiple species management. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Chugach Natl Forest, USDA, 3301 C St,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00005-X PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671VH UT WOS:000182484700010 ER PT J AU Denison, RF Bledsoe, C Kahn, M O'Gara, F Simms, EL Thomashow, LS AF Denison, RF Bledsoe, C Kahn, M O'Gara, F Simms, EL Thomashow, LS TI Cooperation in the rhizosphere and the "free rider" problem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cheating; kin selection; mutualism; mycorrhizae; pseudomonads; rhizobia; roots; Tragedy of the Commons ID POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE; NONSYMBIOTIC RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS F113; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; VISCOUS POPULATIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; KIN SELECTION; ROOT SYSTEMS AB Rhizobial bacteria, endomycorrhizal fungi (also known as arbuscular mycorrhizas), and pseudomonad bacteria associated with plant roots can provide substantial benefits to the plants by fixing nitrogen, supplying phosphorus, or controlling root pathogens, respectively. A significant fraction of plant photosynthetic carbon may be used by these associated microorganisms, both to support their beneficial activities and for microbial growth and reproduction. Because many microbial individuals are associated with each individual plant, the individual benefit to a microbe that allocates more resources to its own reproduction (thereby allocating less to fixing N-2, supplying P, or producing antifungal metabolites) would exceed its individual loss from any resulting reduction in collective benefits (mainly plant carbon substrates). An initially rare "free rider" mutant strain might therefore be expected to displace its more cooperative parental strain. Yet, the mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium mutualisms have persisted (often coexisting with "cheating") for millions of years. This paper discusses the importance of microbial cooperation (with plants and with other microbes) and possible reasons for its evolutionary persistence in the rhizosphere. In undisturbed soils, spatial structure can favor kin selection, but this may be counterbalanced by the increased likelihood that future competitors will be among the beneficiaries of current cooperation. In loose associations, direct fitness benefits to microorganisms may explain the evolutionary persistence of activities (e.g., production of antifungal compounds) that can benefit plants as a side effect. In closer, more symbiotic, relationships, host sanctions against individuals or clones that fail to perform their symbiotic function may be more important. New molecular methods and other research tools are facilitating research on this topic, and some of these conclusions soon may be revised. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Denison, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 73 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 50 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 838 EP 845 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0838:CITRAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677NC UT WOS:000182813600004 ER PT J AU Wilsey, BJ Polley, HW AF Wilsey, BJ Polley, HW TI Effects of seed additions and grazing history on diversity and productivity of subhumid grasslands SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; grassland; light vs. water limitation; prairie; primary productivity; seed addition; species diversity; Texas; USA ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOIL-WATER; LITTER; INVASIBILITY; RECRUITMENT; ESTABLISHMENT; BIODIVERSITY; HERBIVORES AB Recent studies indicate that plant species richness and primary productivity of grasslands may be limited by seed availability. However, it is not known how widespread this limitation is, whether it is affected by disturbance, or which mechanisms underlie any disturbance effect. We tested for seed limitation and explored the role of litter accumulation in explaining effects of recent grazing history on seedling establishment, species diversity (richness and evenness), and plant productivity in a subhumid grassland ecosystem in Texas, USA. We added seeds and removed litter in a factorial treatment arrangement (seeds added, litter removed, seeds added and litter removed, and control [no seeds added nor litter removed]) within each of five fields: currently grazed, no grazing for 1-2, 2-3, or 6-7 yr, and an unplowed prairie remnant. Seeds from each of 20 native species were added to replicated 1-m(2) plots in each field during each of two growing seasons. Adding seeds increased seedling emergence in all fields, but this increase was much greater when litter was removed, especially in ungrazed fields. Counter to our expectations, seedling emergence increased with time since grazing when litter was removed and was greatest in fields not grazed for 1-3 yr when litter was present. As expected, light availability at the soil surface decreased with time since grazing. However, soil water availability to 15 cm depth increased with time since grazing, suggesting that limits on seedling emergence changed from water to light with time since grazing. Aboveground productivity during the second year of the study was significantly reduced following seed additions in the four fields along the grazing gradient, primarily because of a decrease in the productivity of C-4 grasses. Species diversity decreased with time since grazing. Seed additions slightly increased species richness but decreased species evenness in fields located along the grazing gradient, resulting in no net effect on diversity. In the more species-rich prairie remnant, seediadditions had no effect on aboveground productivity or species richness or evenness. These results suggest that seedling emergence does not relate linearly to time since grazing and that seed availability does not limit productivity and diversity in these subhumid grasslands. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50012 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Wilsey, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50012 USA. OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 46 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2003 VL 84 IS 4 BP 920 EP 931 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0920:EOSAAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677NC UT WOS:000182813600013 ER PT J AU Ostertag, R Scatena, FN Silver, WL AF Ostertag, R Scatena, FN Silver, WL TI Forest floor decomposition following hurricane litter inputs in several Puerto Rican forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forest floor; nutrient pulses; resilience; resistance; resource heterogeneity; tropical forests; Puerto Rico ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; BISLEY EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; WET FOREST; SUBTROPICAL WET; TREEFALL GAPS; PLANT LITTER; WOODY DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; DAMAGE AB Hurricanes affect ecosystem processes by altering resource availability and heterogeneity, but the spatial and temporal signatures of these events on biomass and nutrient cycling processes are not well understood. We examined mass and nutrient inputs of hurricane-derived litter in six tropical forests spanning three life zones in northeastern Puerto Rico after the passage of Hurricane Georges. We then followed the decomposition of forest floor mass and nutrient dynamics over I year in the three forests that experienced the greatest litter inputs (moist, tabonuco, and palm forests) to assess the length of time for which litter inputs influence regeneration and nutrient cycling processes. The 36-h disturbance event had litterfall rates that ranged from 0.55 to 0.93 times annual rates among the six forests; forest floor ranged between 1.2 and 2.5 times prehurricane standing stocks. The upper-elevation forest sites had the lowest nonhurricane litterfall rates and experienced the lowest hurricane litterfall and the smallest relative increase in forest floor standing stocks. in the three intensively studied forests, the forest floor returned to prehurricane values very quickly, within 2-10 months. The palm forest had the slowest rate of decay (k = 0.74 +/- 0.16 y(-1)), whereas the tabonuco forest and the moist forest had similar decay rates (1.04 +/- 0.12 and 1.09 +/- 0.14, respectively). in the moist forest, there were short-term increases in the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in litter, but in the other two forests nutrient concentrations generally decreased. The rapid disappearance of the hurricane inputs suggests that such pulses are quickly incorporated into nutrient cycles and may be one reason for the extraordinary resilience of these forests to wind disturbances. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Ostertag, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013 NR 51 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0203-8 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680WE UT WOS:000183001600006 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, EO TI Simultaneous detection of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in mouse and rat tissues by capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE S-adenosylhomocysteine; S-adenosylmethionine; capillary electrophoresis; tissue ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE; NITROUS-OXIDE; LIVER; METABOLISM; HOMOCYSTEINE; METHYLATION; POLYAMINES; DEFICIENT; MAMMALS AB A capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in rat liver and kidney and mouse liver is described. The method can also be used to determine SAM in whole blood. The method provides rapid (approximately 16 min sample to sample) resolution of both compounds in perchloric extracts of tissues. Separation was performed by using an uncoated 50 mum ID capillary with 60 cm total length (50 cm to the detector window). Samples were separated at 22.5 kV and the separation running buffer was 200 mm glycine pH 1.8 (with HCl). The method compares favorably to HPLC methods (r(2) = 0.994 for SAM, r(2) = 0.998 for SAH) and has a mass detection limit of about 10 fmol for both SAM and SAH at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The method is linear over ranges of 1-100 mum SAM and 1-250 mum SAH. This method can be used to determine tissue concentrations of SAM and SAH, two metabolites that can provide insight into many biological processes. C1 USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 1221 EP 1226 DI 10.1002/elps.200390157 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 675KK UT WOS:000182693400012 PM 12707915 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Kimball, SR O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Kimball, SR O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Translational control of protein synthesis in muscle and liver of growth hormone-treated pigs SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; GROWING PIGS; MESSENGER-RNA; AMINO-ACIDS; IN-VIVO; IGF-I; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; INITIATION-FACTORS AB GH treatment increases protein deposition and the efficiency of dietary protein used for growth. To identify the mechanisms that regulate tissue protein synthesis in response to exogenous GH treatment, fully fed, growing swine were treated with GH for 7 d. Fasted and fed pigs were infused with [1-C-13]leucine to determine protein synthesis rates, and translation initiation factor activity levels were measured in skeletal muscle and liver. Feeding increased protein synthesis and translational efficiency in both muscle and liver of control and GH-treated pigs, and this was associated with increased 4E-BP1 and S6 kinase 1 phosphorylation, decreased association of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E with 4E-BP1, and increased association of eIF4E with eIF4G. GH increased muscle protein synthesis and translational efficiency in fed pigs. GH increased liver protein synthesis of fasted and fed pigs in association with increased ribosome number. In muscle, but not liver, GH increased eIF2B activity and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in both the fasted and fed state and increased the association of eIF4E with eIF4G in the fed state. We conclude that GH increases muscle protein synthesis in the fed state, in part, via mechanisms that enhance the binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit, whereas GH increases liver protein synthesis in the fasted and fed states by increasing ribosome number. The results further indicate that the GH-induced protein synthetic response is dependent upon nutritional state and is tissue specific. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-07445]; NIDDK NIH HHS [F32-DK-59740] NR 55 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 2003 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1283 DI 10.1210/en.2002-220983 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 666QX UT WOS:000182188900019 PM 12639910 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Blackburn, MB Kurtzman, CP Dowd, PF AF Vega, FE Blackburn, MB Kurtzman, CP Dowd, PF TI Identification of a coffee berry borer-associated yeast: does it break down caffeine? SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE allelochemicals; caffeine; Candida fermentati; coffee; Coleoptera; Hypothenemus hampei; Pichia burtonii; Scolytidae; yeast ID DROSOPHILA-PROSALTANS; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; CATERPILLARS; RESISTANCE; LONGEVITY AB Two yeasts isolated from laboratory reared adult coffee berry borers [Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)] and from insects collected in the field in Colombia were identified as Pichia burtonii Boidin and Candida fermentati (Saito) Bai, based on sequencing of the nuclear large subunit 26S rDNA variable D1/D2 domain. Liquid culture experiments using P. burtonii in media containing different caffeine levels indicated that caffeine levels in a range found within coffee seeds can retard yeast growth. HPLC analysis shows that P. burtonii does not break down caffeine. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 51 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2003 VL 107 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00034.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 675RX UT WOS:000182710200003 ER PT J AU Arbocast, RT AF Arbocast, RT TI Humidity response of adult male Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera : Cucujidae) with special reference to the effect of carbon dioxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oryzaephilus surinamensis; sawtoothed grain beetle; humidity response; animal orientation; stored-product insects AB The behavioral response of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzacphilus. surinamensis (L.). to moisture gradients has been studied it some detail, but the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2). alone and in combination with low humidity has never been reported. The effect of CO2 is of some interest because CO2 levels in stored grain are often elevated well above normal atmospheric levels by the metabolism of insects. fungi, and the I grain itself. Also CO2 is sometimes applied to bulk grain to control stored-product insects, The response of adult male, O surinamensis to humidity alternatives of 60 or 100% RH, was determined in 2-way choice chambers after various treatments. Beetles removed front laboratory cultures and held at 60% RH with food for 4 h showed a strong avoidance of the higher humidity (hygronegative response), Beetles held without food in a dry atmosphere (< 5% RII) with an elevated level of CO2 (39%) for 4 h showed a reversal of the response from hygronegative to hygropositive. The same Period of exposure again without food, to dry (< 5% RH) or to a moist atmosphere (80% RH) with all elevated level of CO2 did not produce a reversal. The failure of CO2 to Produce a reversal when exposure occurred in a moist atmosphere suggests that tilt, gas acts indirectly on the humidity response by increasing the rate of moisture loss. Elevated levels of CO2 are known to cause proglonged opening of the spiracular regulatory apparatus that controls moisture loss in insects. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbocast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14563, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.2.264 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669MB UT WOS:000182354100004 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Nagarkatti, S Saunders, MC AF Tobin, PC Nagarkatti, S Saunders, MC TI Phenology of grape berry moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in cultivated grape at selected geographic locations SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endopiza viteana; development; diapause; phenology; clinal latitudinal variation ID NEW-YORK; DIAPAUSE AB The grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) feeds on wild and cultivated Vitis spp., causing economic damage in the latter. We studied incidence of pheromone trap catch data, and combined this with previous work oil development and diapause to construct a comprehensive model of the temporal dynamics of E. viteana. We explored the behavior of this model fit six eastern United States locations along Lakes Erie and Michigan, the Finger Lakes in New York, and fit Missouri and Virginia. Voltinism of E. viteana is influenced by the accumulated growing degree lay's before the postsummer solstice photoperiod at which eggs develop exclusively into diapausing pupae. Our model generally predicted two full and a partial third generation it Geneva, NY, whereas partial fourth generations existed fit vineyards along Lakes Erie, and Michigan, In more southern latitudes, such as Missouri and Virginia, the absence of a partial fourth generation would be rare. Also, our model suggested the presence of clinal latitudinal variation in diapause induction with southern populations of E, viteana responding to shorter daylengths than northern populations. These predictions, based oil average 10-yr surface temperatures (1991-2000) are supported by past observations and explain the variability in voltinism front year to year that has been reported in the, northeastern it United States and Niagara Peninsula of Canada. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Lake Erie Reg Grape Res & Extens Ctr, Lake Erie, PA 16428 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.2.340 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669MB UT WOS:000182354100014 ER PT J AU Pratt, PD Slone, DH Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Center, TD AF Pratt, PD Slone, DH Rayamajhi, MB Van, TK Center, TD TI Geographic distribution and dispersal rate of Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia in South Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; spread; postrelease evaluation; impact ID POPULATION BIOLOGY; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; PAPERBARK TREE; MYRTACEAE; FIELD; WEEDS; SELECTION; INCREASE AB We assess the geographic distribution and rate of spread of Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe), a classical biological control agent of the invasile Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) ST. Blake, This weevil has been released at 1:35 locations in south Florida. where it now,occurs in 9 of 19 infested counties. When averaging dispersal distances among four representative sites. 0, vitiosa spread at a rate of of 0.99 (+/-0.28) km/yr. ranging from 0.10 to 2,78 km/yr. The rate of spread by O. vitiosa across melaleuca-dominated habitats influenced by both ecological- and human-mediated parameters, including M. quinquenervia stand fragmentation (spatial separation among host plants). the number of weevils released, and time since release. The rate of spread was positively correlated with stand fragmentation level: high = 2.04. medium = 1.07. and low = 0.30 km/yr. By incorporating the dispersal rate from the highest fragmentation level into a simulation model we predicted that 138 months (June 2008) would be required for 50%, of the habitat currently invaded by melaleuca to become infested at an economic weevil density (0.5 individuals per branch tip) At medium and low fragmentations, the model predicts 182 (February 2012) and 191 (November 2012) months, respectively. After examining the output from this basic model, we identified 16 possible redistribution sites that may accelerate the spread of the weevil. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.2.397 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669MB UT WOS:000182354100021 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Yates, SR Frankenberger, WT AF Dungan, RS Yates, SR Frankenberger, WT TI Transformations of selenate and selenite by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from a seleniferous agricultural drainage pond sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REDUCTION; GROWTH; BACTERIA; WATER AB A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by fatty acid analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, was isolated from a seleniferous agricultural evaporation pond sediment collected in the Tulare Lake Drainage District, California. In cultures exposed to the atmosphere, the organism reduces selenate (SeO4 (2-) ) and selenite (SeO3 (2-) ) to red amorphous elemental selenium (Sedegrees) only upon reaching stationary phase, when O-2 levels are less than 0.1 mg l(-1) . In 48 h, S . maltophilia removed 81.2% and 99.8% of added SeO4 (2-) and SeO3 (2-) (initial concentration of 0.5 mM), respectively, from solution. Anaerobic growth experiments revealed that the organism was incapable of using SeO4 (2-) , SeO3 (2-) , SO4 (2-) or NO3 (-) as a terminal electron acceptor. Transmission electron microscopy of cultures spiked with either Se oxyanion were found to contain spherical extracellular deposits. Analysis of the deposits by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that they consist of Se. Furthermore, S . maltophilia was active in producing volatile alkylselenides when in the presence of SeO4 (2-) and SeO3 (2-) . The volatile products were positively identified as dimethyl selenide (DMSe), dimethyl selenenyl sulphide (DMSeS) and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our findings suggest that this bacterium may contribute to the biogeochemical cycling of Se in seleniferous evaporation pond sediments and waters. This organism may also be potentially useful in a bioremediation scheme designed to treat seleniferous agricultural wastewater. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00410.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 660XY UT WOS:000181861500008 PM 12662176 ER PT J AU Coulston, JW Smith, GC Smith, WD AF Coulston, JW Smith, GC Smith, WD TI Regional assessment of ozone sensitive tree species using bioindicator plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE air pollution; monitoring; northeastern United States; risk assessment; spatial analysis ID PINUS-STROBUS L; UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; FOREST; VEGETATION; AREAS AB Tropospheric ozone occurs at phytotoxic levels in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Quantifying possible regional-scale impacts of ambient ozone on forest tree species is difficult and is confounded by other factors, such as moisture and light, which influence the uptake of ozone by plants. Biomonitoring provides an approach to document direct foliar injury irrespective of direct measure of ozone uptake. We used bioindicator and field plot data from the USDA Forest Service to identify tree species likely to exhibit regional-scale ozone impacts. Approximately 24% of sampled sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), 15% of sampled loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and 12% of sampled black cherry (Prunus serotina) trees were in the highest risk category. Sweetgum and loblolly pine trees were at risk on the coastal plain of Maryland, Virginia and Delaware. Black cherry trees were at risk on the Allegheny Plateau (Pennsylvania), in the Allegheny Mountains (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland) as well as coastal plain areas of Maryland and Virginia. Our findings indicate a need for more in-depth study of actual impacts on growth and reproduction of these three species. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coulston, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1023/A:1022578506736 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 649YH UT WOS:000181235200001 PM 12691526 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME Ugarte, DGD Shapouri, H Slinsky, SP AF Walsh, ME Ugarte, DGD Shapouri, H Slinsky, SP TI Bioenergy crop production in the United States - Potential quantities, land use changes, and economic impacts on the agricultural sector SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Energy CY MAY, 2000 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS DE agricultural income; bioenergy crops; biomass; Conservation Reserve Program; hybrid poplar; land-use changes; switchgrass; willow ID SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS AB The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energy jointly analyzed the economic potential for, and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy crop production in the United States. An agricultural sector model (POLYSYS) was modified to include three potential bioenergy crops (switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, an estimated 17 million hectares of bioenergy crops, annually yielding 171 million dry Mg of biomass, could potentially be produced at a profit greater than existing agricultural uses for the land. The estimate assumes high productivity management practices are permitted on Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated to increase 9 to 14 percent above baseline prices and farm income increases annually by US $6.0 billion above baseline. At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, an estimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergy crops, annually yielding 55 million dry Mg of biomass, could potentially be produced at a profit greater than existing agricultural uses for the land. The estimate assumes management practices intended to achieve high environmental benefits on Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated to increase 4 to 9 percent above baseline prices and farm income increases annually by US $2.8 billion above baseline. C1 Univ Tennessee, USDA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, USDA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 40 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 313 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1023625519092 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 675TL UT WOS:000182711700003 ER PT J AU Gallagher, PW Dikeman, M Fritz, J Wailes, E Gauthier, W Shapouri, H AF Gallagher, PW Dikeman, M Fritz, J Wailes, E Gauthier, W Shapouri, H TI Supply and social cost estimates for biomass from crop residues in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sustainable Energy CY MAY, 2000 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS DE biomass supply; crop residues; renewable fuels; sustainable land use; United States agriculture ID DECISIONS AB The components of social costs included in the supply analysis are cash outlays and opportunity costs associated with harvest and alternative residue uses, potential environmental damage that is avoided by excluding unsuitable land, and costs in moving residues from farms to processing plants. Regional estimates account for the growing conditions and crops of the main agricultural areas of the United States. Estimates include the main U. S. field crops with potential for residue harvest: corn, wheat, sorghum, oats, barley, rice and cane sugar. The potential contribution of residues to U. S. energy needs is discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr Econ, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Off Energy Policy, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gallagher, PW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 335 EP 358 DI 10.1023/A:1023630823210 PG 24 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 675TL UT WOS:000182711700004 ER PT J AU Xu, JM Gan, J Papiernik, SK Becker, JO Yates, SR AF Xu, JM Gan, J Papiernik, SK Becker, JO Yates, SR TI Incorporation of fumigants into soil organic matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHYL-BROMIDE; PROPARGYL BROMIDE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DEGRADATION; VOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATION; HYDROLYSIS; EMISSIONS; IODIDE AB Halogenated fumigants are some of the most heavily used pesticides worldwide. A number of studies have shown that fumigant transformation in soil is correlated with soil organic matter content. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of fumigant interaction with soil organic matter. In this study, we used C-14-labeled 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and methyl bromide (MeBr) to characterize their incorporation into soil organic matter and the association of bound radioactivity with the different organic matter components. The C-14 activity of bound residues increased with time and reached 38-49% for 1,3-D and 37-42% for MeBr after 72 d of incubation at 25degreesC. More bound residues were produced for 1,3-D than for MeBr in the same soils. The distribution of C-14 activity in soil humic substances followed the order of fulvic acids much greater than humin > humic acids. These observations suggest that incorporation into soil organic matter is the predominant pathway for transformation of halogenated fumigants in soil and that fulvic acids are likely the most significant sink of all soil organic matter fractions. It is further speculated that bound residues formed as a result of alkylation of organic matter by the fumigants through nucleophilic replacement. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Xu, Jianming/C-8752-2016 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1288 EP 1291 DI 10.1021/es026179q PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662YM UT WOS:000181977000031 ER PT J AU Li, YM Chaney, RL Brewer, EP Angle, JS Nelkin, J AF Li, YM Chaney, RL Brewer, EP Angle, JS Nelkin, J TI Phytoextraction of nickel and cobalt by hyperaccumulator Alyssum species grown on nickel-contaminated soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; CADMIUM UPTAKE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; ZINC; PLANTS; MUCK; NI; PHYTOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; METALS AB Several Alyssum species native to Mediterranean serpentine soils hyperaccumulate nickel. These species can potentially be used to remediate Ni-contaminated soils. However, the ability of these species to phytoextract Ni from nonserpentine Ni-contaminated soils is unknown. Two Ni hyperaccumulator species, Alyssum murale and Alyssum corsicum, were grown for 120 days on two nonserpentine Ni-contaminated soils in a greenhouse experiment. Soils were amended to provide a range of values for three soil factors: soil pH, available phosphorus, and exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio. Both species hyperaccumulated Ni, but not Co,from both soils. Ni uptake was reduced at lower soil pH and increased at higher soil pH. Neither P fertilization nor adjustment of the exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio significantly affected phytoextraction of Ni or Co. There was no difference between the two species in the amount of Ni phytoextracted, butA. corsicum phytoextracted more Co than A. murale. Higher amounts of both metals were phytoextracted from the loam than from the organic soil. Further research is needed to better understand the unusual effect of soil pH adjustment on Ni uptake by these hyperaccumulator species. C1 Viridian Environm LLC, Houston, TX 77265 USA. USDA ARS, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Viridian Environm LLC, 5417 Chaucer,POB 25303, Houston, TX 77265 USA. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1463 EP 1468 DI 10.1021/es0208963 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662YM UT WOS:000181977000058 ER PT J AU Bouchard, DC AF Bouchard, DC TI Cosolvent effects of phenanthrene sorption-desorption on a freshwater sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Organic Soil Contaminants CY SEP 02-05, 2001 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP SETAC Europe DE sorption-desorption; hysteresis; natural organic matter; cosolvency; mixed solvents ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; GLASS-TRANSITION; HUMIC-ACID; SOILS; CONTAMINANTS; SYSTEMS; MATTER; POLAR; RELAXATION AB This study evaluated the effects of the water-miscible cosolvent methanol on the sorption-desorption of phenanthrene by the natural organic matter (NOM) of a freshwater sediment. A biphasic pattern was observed in the relationship between the log of the carbon-normalized sorption distribution coefficient (K-proportional to) and the volumetric fraction of water-miscible cosolvent (f(c)), in this case methanol, that was accounted for with phenanthrene solubility data. Results also indicated that methanol elicited additional effects on phenanthrene sorption beyond the solution phase effects. The level of f(c) was observed to have a significant effect on sorption-desorption hysteresis, with hysteresis being greater for treatments where phenanthrene and sediment were equilibrated with methanol-phen anthrene solutions but desorbed with aqueous solutions. These results are discussed in light of the deformable, pore network of the rubbery/glassy NOM polymer construct. C1 USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bouchard, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 736 EP 740 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0736:CEOPSD>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200009 PM 12685706 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, MD Michael, JL Crisman, TL Prenger, JP AF Fowlkes, MD Michael, JL Crisman, TL Prenger, JP TI Effects of the herbicide imazapyr on benthic macroinvertebrates in a logged pond cypress dome SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE imazapyr; herbicide; macroinvertebrates; chironomid deformity; wetland ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; DEFORMITIES; INVERTEBRATES; DISSIPATION; IMPACT; STREAM; WATER; CHIRONOMIDAE; COMMUNITIES; HEXAZINONE AB Increased herbicide use in silviculture over the last several decades has led to concern over potential water contamination, which may affect biotic health. In the southeastern United States, pine flatwoods are important for timber production and are often interspersed with cypress wetlands. Cypress domes are isolated, shallow basins that collect surficial waters from adjacent forested areas and therefore might be expected to contain pesticide from storm runoff. This study utilizes in situ microcosm experiments to assess the effects of a concentration gradient of the herbicide imazapyr (0.184, 1.84. and 18.4 mg/L, equivalent to 1, 10, and 100 times the expected environmental concentration from a normal application rate) on the macroinvertebrate community of a logged pond cypress dome using changes in macroinvertebrate composition, chironomid biomass, and chironomid head-capsule deformities. The control core was not significantly different from the surrounding cypress dome for any parameter, suggesting that enclosure effects were likely of minimal importance in the final experimental results. The lack of statistical difference (P < 0.05) in macroinvertebrate community composition, chironomid deformity rate, and chironomid biomass between treatments suggests that imazapyr did not affect the macroinvertebrate community at the concentrations tested. Chironomid deformity rate ranged from 0.97% for imazapyr control to 4.96% for the 100 x treatment, with chironomid biomass being 1.79 and 1.87 mg/L, respectively. C1 US Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resource Commiss, Div Inland Fisheries, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Michael, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 900 EP 907 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0900:EOTHIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 721QC UT WOS:000185326200030 PM 12685727 ER PT J AU Gleason, SM Ewel, KC Hue, N AF Gleason, SM Ewel, KC Hue, N TI Soil redox conditions and plant-soil relationships in a micronesian mangrove forest SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE species composition; redox potential; soluble reactive P; extractable R; micronesia ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L; RICE SOILS; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; PYRITE FORMATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; SEDIMENTS; SALINITY AB We examined characteristics of the soil environment related to redox in the rhizospheres of three mangrove species that commonly grow in similar hydrogeomorphic settings: Rhizophora apiculata BL, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Sonneratia alba J. Redox potential (Eh) values and extractable P concentrations were significantly higher, whereas soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were significantly lower in Bruguiera plots than in either Rhizophora or Sonneratia plots. Correlations among Eh, SRP, pyrite and extractable P were significant only at plots with negative Eli values. Sonneratia and Bruguiera plots had significantly different soil redox conditions. Bruguiera plots were characterized by more oxidized soil conditions (ca. 80 mV), lower dissolved P concentrations in porewater (ca. 50%), and higher extractable P concentrations in soil (ca. 25%). Differences in Eli and P reflect real differences among species and appeared not to be associated with hydrology. Species-specific differences may be engendered by the trees themselves, or they may reflect microsite differences that have favored the germination, growth, and survival of particular mangrove species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Gleason, SM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5-6 BP 1065 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00307-4 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 708VC UT WOS:000184589500018 ER PT J AU Mikayilov, FD Pachepsky, YA AF Mikayilov, FD Pachepsky, YA TI Analytical solution of the equation of the nonequilibrium solute transport in soil with dual porosity SO EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM AB The paper contains new analytical solutions to the problem of convective-dispersive solute transport in mobile and immobile zones of soil pore space for the finite layer of soil subject to leaching with brackish water. Simulations demonstrate the role of soil structure in solute transport during leaching. The opportunity is shown to use the analytical solutions in leaching optimization. C1 Univ Selcuk, Dept Sci, Fac Agr, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Soil Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mikayilov, FD (reprint author), Univ Selcuk, Dept Sci, Fac Agr, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1064-2293 J9 EURASIAN SOIL SCI+ JI Eurasian Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 398 EP 406 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 670CZ UT WOS:000182391000006 ER PT J AU Russell, JB Houlihan, AJ AF Russell, JB Houlihan, AJ TI Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE antibiotics; ionophores; resistance; monensin; ruminal bacteria ID ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; MONENSIN-RESISTANT; BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; GROWTH PROMOTION; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; BIOFILM RESISTANCE; RUMEN FERMENTATION AB In recent years, there has been a debate concerning the causes of antibiotic resistance and the steps that should be taken. Beef cattle in feedlots are routinely fed a class of antibiotics known as ionophores, and these compounds increase feed efficiency by as much as 10%. Some groups have argued that ionophore resistance poses the same public health threat as conventional antibiotics, but humans are not given ionophores to combat bacterial infection. Many ruminal bacteria are ionophore-resistant, but until recently the mechanism of this resistance was not well defined. Ionophores are highly lipophilic polyethers that accumulate in cell membranes and catalyze rapid ion movement. When sensitive bacteria counteract futile ion flux with membrane ATPases and transporters, they are eventually de-energized. Aerobic bacteria and mammalian enzymes can degrade ionophores, but these pathways are oxygen-dependent and not functional in anaerobic environments like the rumen or lower GI tract. Gram-positive ruminal bacteria are in many cases more sensitive to ionophores than Gram-negative species, but this model of resistance is not always clear-cut. Some Gram-negative ruminal bacteria are initially ionophore-sensitive, and even Gram-positive bacteria can adapt. Ionophore resistance appears to be mediated by extracellular polysaccharides (glycocalyx) that exclude ionophores from the cell membrane. Because cattle not receiving ionophores have large populations of resistant bacteria, it appears that this trait is due to a physiological selection rather than a mutation per se. Genes responsible for ionophore resistance in ruminal bacteria have not been identified, but there is little evidence that ionophore resistance can be spread from one bacterium to another. Given these observations, use of ionophores in animal feed is not likely to have a significant impact on the transfer of antibiotic resistance from animals to man. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 94 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00019-6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 674QB UT WOS:000182646500004 PM 12697342 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD AF Leathers, TD TI Bioconversions of maize residues to value-added coproducts using yeast-like fungi SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts (ISSY 2002) CY MAR 25-28, 2002 CL PILANESBERG NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA DE astaxanthin; Aureobasidium; corn fiber; Phaffia rhodozyma; pullulan; xylitol ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; XYLOSE REDUCTASE GENE; XYLITOL PRODUCTION; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; CORN FIBER; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; PICHIA-STIPITIS; AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION AB Agricultural residues are abundant potential feedstocks for bioconversions to industrial fuels and chemicals. Every bushel of maize (approximately 25 kg) processed for sweeteners, oil, or ethanol generates nearly 7 kg of protein- and fiber-rich residues. Currently these materials are sold for very low returns as animal feed ingredients. Yeast-like fungi are promising biocatalysts for conversions of agricultural residues. Although corn fiber (pericarp) arabinoxylan is resistant to digestion by commercially available enzymes, a crude mixture of enzymes from the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium partially saccharifies corn fiber without chemical pretreatment. Sugars derived from corn fiber can be converted to ethanol or other valuable products using a variety of naturally occurring or recombinant yeasts. Examples are presented of Pichia guilliermondii strains for the conversion of corn fiber hydrolysates to the alternative sweetener xylitol. Corn-based fuel ethanol production also generates enormous volumes of low-value stillage residues. These nutritionally rich materials are prospective substrates for numerous yeast fermentations. Strains of Aureobasidium and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma utilize stillage residues for production of the polysaccharide pullulan and the carotenoid astaxanthin, respectively. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 64 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00003-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 662CD UT WOS:000181927600002 PM 12702445 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Legendre, B AF Eggleston, G Legendre, B TI Mannitol and oligosaccharides as new criteria for determining cold tolerance in sugarcane varieties SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sugarcane freeze deterioration; sugarcane cold tolerance; dextran; mannitol; ethanol; oligosaccharides; dextransucrase; Leuconostoc bacteria; 1-kestose ID HARVEST METHOD; STORAGE TIME; PRODUCTS; QUALITY; SUCROSE AB Sugarcane can be very susceptible to damage by freezes. Freeze-deteriorated cane can cause problems in processing and sometimes leads to a factory shut-down. This study was undertaken during the 2000/2001 harvest season to assess the cold tolerance performance of six commercial sugarcane varieties and to establish new and more sensitive criteria to measure cold tolerance. Two varieties CP 70-321 and CP 79-318, with known cold tolerance, were planted in the study as controls. The other varieties included LHo 83-153, LCP 85-384, HoCP 85-845 and HoCP 91-555. Freezing temperatures occurred on 20 December 2000 when the min. field temperature was -4.4 degreesC, and again on 21 December, 30 December through 5 January 2001, 9-10 January and 20-21 January. The lowest field temperature recorded was -5.6 degreesC on 4 January. Freezing conditions prevailed for 8-15 h during each freeze incident. Stalks of all varieties were frozen to the ground following the initial freeze, with freeze cracks evident only after the 4 January freeze. For this study, samples were taken on the date of the first freeze, 20 December, and subsequently again at 7, 14, 22 and 30 days after the first freeze. Criteria used to measure overall stalk cold-tolerance included changes in pH, Brix, dextran (ASI-II method), sucrose, glucose, and fructose concentrations. Mannitol, ethanol and the oligosaccharides, palatinose, leucrose, iso-maltotriose and 1-kestose, were simultaneuously measured using IC-IPAD. Marked differences were observed in most criteria for all varieties, particularly 22 and 30 days after the first freeze. Mannitol was strongly correlated (r(2) = 0. 84) with dextran, confirming its use as an indicator for cane dextran deterioration. In comparison, ethanol was only weakly correlated (r(2) =0.55) with dextran and did not always predict cane dextran deterioration. Iso maltotriose was the most sensitive oligosaccharide indicator of freeze deterioration, although both leucrose and palatinose could be used to confirm whether severe dextran formation (> 1500 ppm/Brix) has occurred in cane. Isomaltotriose was strongly correlated (r(2)=0.89) with dextran and pH (r(2) = -0.83); pH was also a-strong indicator of both dextran (r(2) = -0.85) and mannitol (r(2) = -0.92) formation. Four of the varieties, CP 79-318, LCP 85-384, HoCP 85-845 and HoCP 91-555, were shown to be susceptible to other sources of microbial and enzymic deterioration as well as dextran deterioration from Leuconostoc bacteria, especially 30 days after the first freeze. This was indicated by increased glucose/fructose ratios, ethanol formation, changes in 1-kestose concentration, and further sucrose losses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70361 USA. LSU, Ag Ctr Res & Extens, St Gabriel Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 451 EP 461 AR PII S0308-8146(02)00283-2 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00283-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 647BP UT WOS:000181071600003 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Novak, JS Huang, LH Eblen, BS AF Juneja, VK Novak, JS Huang, LH Eblen, BS TI Increased thermotolerance of Clostridium perfringens spores following sublethal heat shock SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; heat resistance; thermotolerance; heat shock ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; PHOSPHATE BUFFER; VEGETATIVE CELLS; GROWTH; TURKEY; MICROORGANISMS; RESISTANCE; PRODUCTS; DEATH AB Beef gravy samples inoculated with Clostridium perfringens spores were heat shocked at 75 degreesC for 20 min, and then thermotolerance at 100 degreesC was assessed using a submerged-coil heating apparatus. Survivors were enumerated on Shahidi Ferguson Perfringens agar. An association of the heat resistance with the origin of the C perfringens could not be established due to significant variations in the heat resistance among strains. Interestingly, deviations from classical logarithmic linear declines in the log numbers with time were not observed in both control and heat shocked samples. D-values at 100 degreesC for C. Perfringens spores ranged from 15.5 to 21.4 min. Heat shocked spores of 9 out of 10 strains had significantly higher (p < 0.05) D-values at 100 &DEG;C than unstressed spores. Proteins with epitopic and size similarity to Escherichia coli GroEL and Bacillus subtilis small acid-soluble protein, SspC, were present in spores. However, heat shock treated spores did not appear to significantly increase expression of these proteins. Acquired thermotolerance is of substantial practical importance to food processors and should provide useful information for designing thermal treatments to eliminate C. perfringens spores in ready-to-eat foods. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 163 EP 168 AR PII S0956-7135(02)00060-9 DI 10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00060-9 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 652CG UT WOS:000181361500006 ER PT J AU Cerda, G Wolfe, RW AF Cerda, G Wolfe, RW TI Bending strength of Chilean radiata pine poles SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Because radiata pine has thrived in south-central Chile since it was introduced there more than a century ago, pine plantation productivity there has grown tremendously. Plantation owners are seeking new markets for this material. One potential market is utility poles. The American National Standards Institute O5.1 standard (ANSI O5.1) provides a means for radiata pine to be recognized as a viable pole species. Before radiata pine can be accepted into ANSI O5.1, test data must be provided to support the ANSI-designated fiber stress. This study presents an evaluation of radiata pine poles grown in southern Chile following the guidelines established by the ANSI O5.1 standard for approval of foreign species. The test sample includes 45 poles that were 12 m (40 ft.) long. Tests were conducted following procedures given in the ASTM D 1036 standard for evaluating bending strength of poles. Specific gravity values were above the average published for radiata pine despite a relatively fast growth rate. The mean strength determined as the maximum groundline stress was 52 MPa (7,554 psi), qualifying radiata pine for consideration as a utility pole that has strength equal to that of red pine, jack pine, and lodgepole pine. C1 Forestal Copihue SA, Santiago, Chile. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Cerda, G (reprint author), Forestal Copihue SA, Avda 11 Septiembre 2155,Piso 14C,Providencia, Santiago, Chile. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 670BZ UT WOS:000182388700012 ER PT J AU Wiedenbeck, J Brown, J Bennett, N Rast, E AF Wiedenbeck, J Brown, J Bennett, N Rast, E TI Hardwood lumber widths and grades used by the furniture and cabinet industries: Results of a 14-mill surrey SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Data on red oak lumber width, length, and grade were collected at 14 furniture and cabinet industry rough mills to identify relationships among these lumber attributes and the degree to which they differ from mill to mill. Also, this information is needed to formulate valid lumber size distributions that will improve the quality of the results obtained in mill and simulation-based studies of rough mill processing and product options. The width of the dry, 4/4 thickness, red oak lumber sample was significantly influenced by lumber grade, lumber length, and mill. The dominant lumber width class was 5.00 to 6.75 inches (47% of all boards). Boards in the FAS and FAS-1 F grades were wider than those in the No. 1, No. 2A, and No. 3A Common grades, and these were wider than the Selects grade boards. There was significant variability in lumber size attributes between mills, supporting the contention that each mill must collect its own data on lumber size and quality characteristics for optimal decision making. Grade-based lumber size distribution charts are given that can be used to compose study samples when conducting rough mill research. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Wiedenbeck, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 72 EP 80 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 670BZ UT WOS:000182388700014 ER PT J AU Christiansen, AW Okkonen, EA AF Christiansen, AW Okkonen, EA TI Improvements to hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for durable bonding to wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EPOXY BONDS; DURABILITY AB Improving the exterior quality bonding of wood to epoxy adhesive resins is important for bonding glass-fiber-reinforced vinyl ester resin laminae to glulam structural members, as well as for repairing glulam members in exterior applications on site. The coupling agent for these applications, hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR), was recently improved by using a novolak version (n-HMR) to reduce reaction time. In this study, the chemical composition of HMR was changed to decrease the total amount of formaldehyde added to the system. The results showed that n-HMR can be applied to a wood surface and stored for up to 16 days without compromising its effectiveness as a coupling agent. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Christiansen, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 670BZ UT WOS:000182388700015 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Patterson, PL Mowrer, HT AF Williams, MS Patterson, PL Mowrer, HT TI Comparison of ground sampling methods for estimating canopy cover SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy structure; morphing; torus edge-correction ID FOREST INVENTORY AB Knowledge of the canopy structure is essential to improving our understanding of forest structure. While numerous sampling techniques have been developed to estimate attributes of the forest canopy, these require either additional measurements or a sampling design and measurement techniques that differ substantially from the ones that are used to estimate more traditional forest attributes, such as basal area, number of stems, or volume. The root of the problem is that the sample element for a design that estimates canopy attributes is the tree crown, whereas the sample element is the bole for a design that estimates an attribute such as basal area. For example, if a fixed-area plot is used to estimate basal area, canopy cover cannot be estimated using the same design because a portion of the plot invariably is covered by the crowns of trees whose boles lie outside the plot boundary and would not be included in the sample under the standard sampling design. In this study, a technique called "morphing" is used to model the trees outside the plot boundary. For the purpose of comparison, the morphing technique is used to estimate canopy cover using data from a circular fixed-area plot, and this technique is compared with both dot count and line intersect sampling using a simulation study and two small forest populations. For the study, the populations were sampled using circular fixed-area plots with radii ranging from rho = 3.05-6.10 m (10-20ft) and line lengths ranging from L = 3.05-22.9 m (10-75ft). For both populations, the bias of the canopy cover estimator derived from the morphing technique was negligible. The estimator based on line intersect sampling is design-unbiased, but it generally had a much larger variance than the one based on the morphing technique. The dot count method consistently had the highest variance. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150 A Ctr Dr,Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 665AD UT WOS:000182096700007 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Rideout, DB AF Donovan, GH Rideout, DB TI A reformulation of the Cost plus Net Value Change (C plus NVC) model of wildfire economics SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economics; fire; cost plus net value change AB The Cost plus Net Value Change (C+NVC) model provides the theoretical foundation for wildland fire economics and provides the basis for the National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS). The C+NVC model is based on the earlier least Cost plus Loss model (LC+L) expressed by Sparhawk (1925). Mathematical and graphical analysis of the LC+L model illustrates two errors in model formulation. First, suppression is incorrectly modeled as a model output. Second, suppression and primary protection are incorrectly modeled as negatively correlated. These errors are shown to be perpetuated by the contemporary C+NVC model and to have serious implications for the model's capacity to correctly identify the most efficient level of fire management expenditure. A corrected graphical representation of the C+NVC model is presented, which allows the most efficient level of fire management expenditure to be correctly identified. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 318 EP 323 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 665AD UT WOS:000182096700015 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Rideout, DB AF Donovan, GH Rideout, DB TI An integer programming model to optimize resource allocation for wildfire containment SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE linear programming; integer programming; wildfire management; optimization AB Determining the specific mix of fire-fighting resources for a given fire is a necessary condition for identifying the minimum of the Cost Plus Net Value Change (C+NVC) function. Current wildland fire management models may not reliably do so. The problem of identifying the most efficient wildland fire organization is characterized mathematically using integer-programming techniques. This mathematical exposition is then solved using the LINGO optimization language. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on model inputs to demonstrate the flexibility of the model architecture. Further, the model is used to model budget constraints commonly faced by fire managers. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 665AD UT WOS:000182096700017 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH Wickham, JD AF Riitters, KH Wickham, JD TI How far to the nearest road? SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FRAGMENTATION AB Ecological impacts from roads may be the rule rather than the exception in most of the conterminous United States. We measured the proportion of land area that was located within nine distances from the nearest road of any type, and mapped the results for 164 ecoregions and 2108 watersheds nationwide. Overall, 20% of the total land area was within 127 m of a road, and the proportion increased rapidly with distance, so that 83% was within 1061 m of a road, and only 3% was more than 5176 m away. For forest land area only, the proportions differed by less than 2% for all distances. Regions with more than 60% of their total land area within 382 m of a road may be at greatest risk of cumulative ecological impacts from roads. These regions include nearly all coastal zones, as well as substantial portions of the southeast US and the basins of the Ohio, Brazos, Colorado, Sacramento, and San Joaquin Rivers. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.2307/3867984 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WO UT WOS:000221789700016 ER PT J AU Logan, JA Regniere, J Powell, JA AF Logan, JA Regniere, J Powell, JA TI Assessing the impacts of global warming on forest pest dynamics SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; PINE-BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SPRUCE BUDWORM; GYPSY-MOTH; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; SCOLYTIDAE; MODEL; RANGE; TEMPERATURE AB Forest insects and pathogens are the most pervasive and important agents of disturbance in North American forests, affecting an area almost 50 times larger than fire and with an economic impact nearly five times as great. The same attributes that result in an insect herbivore being termed a "pest" predispose it to disruption by climate change, particularly global warming. Although many pest species have co-evolved relationships with forest hosts that may or may not be harmful over the long term, the effects on these relationships may have disastrous consequences. We consider both the data and models necessary to evaluate the impacts of climate change, as well as the assessments that have been made to date. The results indicate that all aspects of insect outbreak behavior will intensify as the climate warms. This reinforces the need for more detailed monitoring and evaluations as climatic events unfold. Luckily, we are well placed to make rapid progress, using software tools, databases, and the models that are already available. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Canadian Forestry Serv, Nat Resources Canada, St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Logan, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 860 N 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM jlogan@cc.usu.edu NR 51 TC 380 Z9 401 U1 17 U2 178 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.2307/3867985 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WO UT WOS:000221789700017 ER PT J AU Cortes-Cruz, M Snook, M McMmullen, MD AF Cortes-Cruz, M Snook, M McMmullen, MD TI The genetic basis of C-glycosyl flavone B-ring modification in maize (Zea mays L.) silks SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE pr1; flavonoid 3 '-hydroxylase; maysin; apimaysin; methoxymaysin ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; ANTIBIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; INHERITANCE; MECHANISMS AB Resistance to corn earworm (CEW) (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) has been attributed to high concentrations of C-glycosyl flavones and chlorogenic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) silks. The most common C-glycosyl flavones isolated from maize silks are maysin, apimaysin, and methoxymaysin, which are distinguished by their B-ring substitutions. For a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of these compounds, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study with two populations: (Tx501 x NC7A)F-2 and (Tx501 x Mp708)F-2. For chlorogenic acid, maysin, and methoxymaysin concentration, the major QTL for both populations was located on chromosome 4 near umc1963. For apimaysin, the major QTL in both populations was located at the position of the pr1 locus on chromosome 5. The QTL alleles on chromosome 4 that increased the synthesis of methoxymaysin significantly decreased the synthesis of maysin and chlorogenic acid. This decrease in maysin concentration was four-fold greater than the increase in methoxymaysin. Our results indicate that the QTL on chromosome 4, responsible for the increase in methoxymaysin synthesis, alters the dynamics of both the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. C1 ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP McMmullen, MD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1139/G02-119 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 665EQ UT WOS:000182107000002 PM 12723034 ER PT J AU Clement, D Risterucci, AM Motamayor, JC N'Goran, J Lanaud, C AF Clement, D Risterucci, AM Motamayor, JC N'Goran, J Lanaud, C TI Mapping QTL for yield components, vigor, and resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in Theobroma cacao L. SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; agronomic traits; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; FOREST TREE; LINKAGE MAP; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; IMPROVEMENT; EUCALYPTUS; STABILITY AB Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for agronomic traits was carried out in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Regions of the genome involved in yield, vigor, and resistance to Phytophthora palmivora were identified. Three heterozygous clones, one upper Amazon Forastero (IMC78) and two Trinitario (DR1 and S52), were crossed with the same male parent, a lower Amazon Forastero (Catongo), known to be highly homozygous. Observations were made on progeny over nine consecutive years. One to three QTL related to yield were detected in each of the three populations, located on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, and 10. They explained between 8.1 and 19.3% of the phenotypic variation and showed various levels of repeatability. In IMC78, the QTL detected on chromosome 5 was the most repeatable over years. The QTL for the average individual pod weight on chromosome 4 was the most significant with an LOD of 17.3 and an R-2 of 43.7. QTL related to these traits were identified in the same region of the genome in clones of different genetic groups. This suggests that molecular markers can be used to improve cocoa varieties. C1 CIRAD, TA 80 02, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. CNRA, Divo, Cote Ivoire. RP Clement, D (reprint author), CIRAD, TA 80 02, Ave Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1139/G02-125 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 665EQ UT WOS:000182107000004 PM 12723036 ER PT J AU Jessup, RW Burson, BL Burow, G Wang, YW Chang, C Li, Z Paterson, AH Hussey, MA AF Jessup, RW Burson, BL Burow, G Wang, YW Chang, C Li, Z Paterson, AH Hussey, MA TI Segmental allotetraploidy and allelic interactions in buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.) as revealed by genome mapping SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE linkage map; segmental allopolyploidy; restriction fragment length polymorphism; Poaceae; chromosome; pairing ID GENETIC-MAP; RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SACCHARUM-SPONTANEUM; SORGHUM CHROMOSOMES; POLYPLOID GENOMES; APOMICTIC MODE; APOMIXIS; FEMALE; APOSPORY AB Linkage analyses increasingly complement cytological and traditional plant breeding techniques by providing valuable information regarding genome organization and transmission genetics of complex polyploid species. This study reports a genome map of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.). Maternal and paternal maps were constructed with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) segregating in 87 F-1 progeny from an intraspecific cross between two heterozygous genotypes. A survey of 862 heterologous cDNAs and gDNAs from across the Poaceae, as well as 443 buffelgrass cDNAs, yielded 100 and 360 polymorphic probes, respectively. The maternal map included 322 RFLPs, 47 linkage groups, and 3464 cM, whereas the paternal map contained 245 RFLPs, 42 linkage groups, and 2757 cM. Approximately 70 to 80% of the buffelgrass genome was covered, and the average marker spacing was 10.8 and 11.3 cM on the respective maps. Preferential pairing was indicated between many linkage groups, which supports cytological reports that buffelgrass is a segmental allotetraploid. More preferential pairing (disomy) was found in the maternal than paternal parent across linkage groups (55 vs. 38%) and loci (48 vs. 15%). Comparison of interval lengths in 15 allelic bridges indicated significantly less meiotic recombination in paternal gametes. Allelic interactions were detected in four regions of the maternal map and were absent in the paternal map. C1 ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 304 EP 313 DI 10.1139/G03-005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 665EQ UT WOS:000182107000014 PM 12723046 ER PT J AU van der Werf, GR Randerson, JT Collatz, GJ Giglio, L AF van der Werf, GR Randerson, JT Collatz, GJ Giglio, L TI Carbon emissions from fires in tropical and subtropical ecosystems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; fire ecology; global carbon cycle; net primary production; TRMM ID ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS; BURNED AREAS; BIOMASS; FORESTS; TERRESTRIAL; BIOSPHERE; SATELLITE; SAVANNA; AFRICA; EXPRESSO AB Global carbon emissions from fires are difficult to quantify and have the potential to influence interannual variability and long-term trends in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We used 4 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) satellite data and a biogeochemical model to assess spatial and temporal variability of carbon emissions from tropical fires. The TRMM satellite data extended between 38degreesN and 38degreesS and covered the period from 1998 to 2001. A relationship between TRMM fire counts and burned area was derived using estimates of burned area from other satellite fire products in Africa and Australia and reported burned areas from the United States. We modified the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model to account for both direct combustion losses and the decomposition from fire-induced mortality, using both TRMM and Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite data as model drivers. Over the 1998-2001 period, we estimated that the sum of carbon emissions from tropical fires and fuel wood use was 2.6 Pg C yr(-1). An additional flux of 1.2 Pg C yr(-1) was released indirectly, as a result of decomposition of vegetation killed by fire but not combusted. The sum of direct and indirect carbon losses from fires represented 9% of tropical and subtropical net primary production (NPP). We found that including fire processes in the tropics substantially alters the seasonal cycle of net biome production by shifting carbon losses to months with low soil moisture and low rates of soil microbial respiration. Consequently, accounting for fires increases growing season net flux by similar to12% between 38degreesN and 38degreesS, with the greatest effect occurring in highly productive savanna regions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDA, FAS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP van der Werf, GR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDA, FAS, Code 923,Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM guido@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012 NR 49 TC 263 Z9 276 U1 9 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00604.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663MD UT WOS:000182008600007 ER PT J AU List, GR Steidley, KR Neff, WE Snowder, GD AF List, GR Steidley, KR Neff, WE Snowder, GD TI Physical properties of mutton tallow SO GRASAS Y ACEITES LA English DT Article DE iodine value; melting point; mutton tallow; pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance; saturated fatty acid; solid fat ID HYDROLYSIS; FATS AB The physical properties of mutton tallows isolated from the kidney, back and intestinal regions were determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and Mettler dropping point techniques. Kidney fat showed the highest amounts of solid fat measured over a temperature range of 10-50 degreesC followed by intestinal fat and back fat showed the least amount of solid fat. Mutton tallows contain 52-64% saturated acids, have iodine values ranging from 34-44 and contain small amounts (3-4%) of trans fatty acids. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP List, GR (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS PI SEVILLE PA AVDA-PADRE GARCIA TEJERO 4, 41012 SEVILLE, SPAIN SN 0017-3495 J9 GRASAS ACEITES JI Grasas Aceites PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 54 IS 2 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 743JY UT WOS:000186569700001 ER PT J AU Wall, GW McDonnell, G AF Wall, GW McDonnell, G TI Rapid excision apparatus for plants (REAPer): Design, implementation, and functionality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cavitation; emboli; stomatal conductance; transpiration rate; xylem conductance ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; LEAVES; ASSIMILATION; DROUGHT; KINASE; LIGHT; MAIZE; WHEAT; SOIL AB Net primary productivity of a botanical is often determined by monitoring gas exchange rates (i.e., CO2, H2O) in a controlled-environment cuvette. Because atmospheric conditions (i.e., incident photon flux density, air temperature, and water vapor pressure) change within a day, whereas edaphic (i.e., soil-water content and nutrient availability) conditions change across days, experimental results obtained between treatment variants can often be confounded within the sample interval. Consequently, in order to obtain a "snapshot" of the CO2 and H2O flux of a botanical across treatment variants, all in situ measurements must be made within a discrete interval. One approach would be to use multiple cuvettes to measure CO2 and H2O flux across all treatment variants simultaneously. But, this would be expensive in both equipment and personnel cost. A more economical approach would be to rapidly excise a botanical from each treatment variant within a discrete interval and store them under exacting steady-state laboratory conditions for in vivo rather than in situ studies. However, this too can be problematic, because in order to excise a botanical a standard operating procedure (SOP) is required. Hence, a need exists for a Rapid Excision Apparatus for Plants (REAPer). Following the SOP of the REAPer enables personnel to excise a botanical across all treatment variants within a discrete interval, while maintaining xylem conductance, minimizing mechanical damage, and providing a uniform sample for in vivo rather then in situ studies. This work describes the design, implementation, and functionality of the REAPer, its application in basic research and development, and its potential applications in the commercial floral and horticultural industries. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wall, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 671UL UT WOS:000182482400012 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR AF Pooler, MR TI Molecular genetic diversity among 12 clones of Lagerstroemia fauriei revealed by AFLP and RAPD markers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crapemyrtle; DNA fingerprinting; germplasm ID CULTIVARS AB Many popular crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia L.) cultivars grown in the United States are interspecific hybrids between L. indica L. and L.fauriei Koehne. The 22 hybrid cultivars released from the U.S. National Arboretum contain primarily genetic material from L. fauriei PI 237884. Examining the genetic diversity of L. fauriei specimens in the U.S. is valuable because of the historical and economic significance of the species, the increasing interest it is receiving as a source of new cultivars, and its threatened status in the wild. Our objectives were to examine molecular genetic diversity among L. fauriei accessions using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) markers. Our results indicate: 1) RAPD and AFLP markers are generally consistent in the genetic relationships that they suggest; 2) the L. fauriei germplasm we examined falls into at least three distinct clusters; and 3) the genetic base of cultivated Lagerstroemia could be broadened significantly by incorporating some of this more diverse L. fauriei germplasm into breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, 3501 New York Ave,NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 256 EP 259 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 671UL UT WOS:000182482400022 ER PT J AU Neven, LG AF Neven, LG TI Physiological effects of physical postharvest treatments on insects SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; PLATYNOTA-STULTANA PUPAE; METABOLIC RESPONSE; HEAT-TREATMENTS; MORTALITY; TEPHRITIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; TEMPERATURE; LARVAE AB As concerns about the safety of our food supply increase along with concerns about the impact of agricultural chemicals on our environment, the development of nonchemical quarantine treatments to meet export requirements become increasingly necessary. The types of physical treatments used have been largely determined by commodity tolerances and processing practices. The most common physical treatments use temperature extremes such as heat [>40 degreesC (104.0 degreesF)] and cold [<10 degreesC (50.0 degreesF)]. Other physical treatments commonly include the use of controlled or modified atmospheres (low oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide). Current technology has led to investigations in the application of energy to control infesting insects. These treatments include ionizing radiation, microwaves, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, radio frequency, electron beam, X-rays, and electricity. Although the effects of these physical treatments can impact commodity quality, the goal of the treatments is to kill infesting (real or in certain instances, potential) insects to meet quarantine requirements. The effects of physical treatments on insect mortality and fecundity are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM neven@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 658PZ UT WOS:000181730500008 ER PT J AU Linderman, RG Davis, EA AF Linderman, RG Davis, EA TI Soil amendment with different peatmosses affects mycorrhizae of onion SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; arbuscular-mycorrhiza; growth enhancement; phosphorus uptake; symbiosis; VAMF ID TROYER CITRANGE; GROWTH; GLOMUS; INOCULATION; FUNGI AB Formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) has been inhibited in soilless potting mixes that usually contain some proportion of peat moss. The cause of the inhibition has been thought to be high fertilizer P content in the media that suppresses spread of the fungal symbiont in the root tissue. However, there has also been some suggestion that the peats themselves may contribute to the inhibition. That possibility was explored in this study. A sandy-loam soil, in which mycorrhizae consistently enhance plant growth under P-limiting conditions, was amended with six different peats. Onions (Allium cepa 'White Lisbon'), as an indicator host, were grown in the mixes under P-limiting conditions, and were inoculated or not with the AM fungi Glomus deserticola or Gigaspora rosca. Plant growth response to inoculation with AM fungi (AMF) varied with the type of peat and AMF isolate. Inoculated plants generally had the highest root biomass when grown in soil amended with peat. Root colonization by the two fungal symbionts was also affected differently by different peat amendments. Root colonization by Glomus descrticola and Gigaspora rosca was inhibited by at least half of the peat types. However, the types of peat inhibitory to Gigaspora rosca colonization were not the same as those inhibitory to Glomus deserticola colonization. These results indicate that different peat amendments can suppress or enhance mycorrhiza formation on onion roots and resultant growth benefit under P-limiting conditions, depending on the mycorrhizal fungus used. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Linderman, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 658PZ UT WOS:000181730500010 ER PT J AU Albano, JP Miller, WB AF Albano, JP Miller, WB TI Ferric ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid photodegradation in a commercially produced soluble fertilizer affects iron uptake in tomato SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant nutrition; iron chelate; FeDTPA; photochemistry ID TAGETES-ERECTA L; NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; FE; MARIGOLD; PLANTS; PHYSIOLOGY; DEFICIENCY; FEDTPA; ROOTS AB Irradiating a ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (FeEDTA)-containing commercially available soluble fertilizer with ultraviolet (UV) and blue radiation from high intensity discharge (HID) lamps caused the photooxidation of the FeEDTA complex, resulting in the loss of 98% of soluble iron. The loss of soluble iron coincided with the development of a precipitate that was mostly composed of iron. The effects of using an irradiated FeEDTA-containing fertilizer solution on plant growth and nutrition under commercial conditions were studied. Application of the irradiated fertilizer solutions to greenhouse grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) resulted in lower levels of iron (6%) and zinc (9%), and higher levels of manganese (8%) and copper (25%) in leaf tissue compared to control plants that received a nonirradiated fertilizer solution. Leaf macronutrient levels (phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), leaf dry weight, leaf number, and plant height was not affected by application of the irradiated fertilizer solution. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Floriculture & Ornamental Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Albano, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM jalbano@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 658PZ UT WOS:000181730500011 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Sorenson, D Mansour, M Aieyabei, J Plaza, P AF Smilanick, JL Sorenson, D Mansour, M Aieyabei, J Plaza, P TI Impact of a brief postharvest hot water drench treatment on decay, fruit appearance, and microbe populations of California lemons and oranges SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geotrichum candidum; hot water treatment ID CITRUS-FRUIT; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; CHILLING INJURY; HEAT-TREATMENTS; GREEN MOLD; TEMPERATURE; GRAPEFRUIT; REDUCTION; STORAGE; DIP AB A brief (15 or 30 seconds) high-volume, low-pressure, hot-water drench at 68, 120, 130, 140,or 145 degreesF (20.0, 48.9, 54.4, 60.0, or 62.8 degreesC) was applied over rotating brushes to 'Eureka' lemons (Citrus limon) and 'Valencia' oranges (Citrus sinensis). The impact of this treatment on populations of surface microbes, injury to the fruit, the incidence of green mold (Penicillium digitatum)or sour rot (Geotrichum citri-aurantii), when inoculated into wounds one day prior to treatment, and temperatures required to kill the spores of these fungi and P. italicum suspended in hot water were determined. Fruit microbial populations were determined immediately after treatment. Decay and injuries were assessed after storage for 3 weeks at 55 degreesF (12.8 degreesC). The efficacy of the hot water treatments was compared to immersion of fruit in 3% wt/vol sodium carbonate at 95 degreesF (35.0 degreesC) for 30 seconds, a common commercial practice in California. Initial yeast and mold populations, initially log(10) 6.0 per fruit, were reduced to log(10) 3.3 on lemons and log(10) 4.2 on oranges by a 15-second treatment at 145 degreesF. Green mold control improved with increasing temperature and treatment duration. Green mold incidence was reduced from 97.9% and 98.0% on untreated lemons and oranges, respectively, to 14.5% and 9.4% by 30 seconds treatment with 145 degreesF water. However, immersion of lemons or oranges in 3% wt/vol sodium carbonate was superior and reduced green mold to 8.0% and 8.9%, respectively. Sour rot incidence on lemons averaged 84.3% after all water treatments, and was not significantly reduced, although arthrospores of G. citri-aurantii died at lower water temperatures than spores of P. digitatum and P. italicum in in vitro tests. Sodium carbonate treatment for 30 seconds at 95 degreesF reduced sour rot to 36.7%. None of the treatments caused visible injuries to the fruit. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Sunkist Growers, Lindsay, CA 93247 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 658PZ UT WOS:000181730500021 ER PT J AU Picton, DD Hummer, KE AF Picton, DD Hummer, KE TI Control of powdery mildew on leaves and stems of gooseberry SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ribes uva-crispa; Ribes grossularia; Sphaerotheca mors-uvae; efficacy; mineral oil; biological control; Trichoderma ID OIL AB Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) severely infects young leaves and stems of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) throughout the world. Environmentally friendly control measures are being sought as alternatives to sulfur or demethylation inhibiting fungicides. This study examined the effect of a mineral oil spray, the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain T-22 (Trichoderma), a combination mineral oil + Tricoderma, and the chemical fungicide thiophanate, on powdery mildew severity in 'Industry,' a susceptible gooseberry. Mineral oil at 8 mL.L-1 (1.0 fl oz/gal), Tricoderma at 4 g.L-1 (0.5 oz/gal) and thiophanate at 1.45 mL.L-1 (0.186 fl oz/gal), and mineral oil + Tricoderma mix was applied to. plants until runoff at 2-week intervals from February 2002 through April 2002, on potted 'Industry' plants growing in a greenhouse in U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore. The percent of infected leaves per plant were calculated and the percent of infected stem surface areas were visually rated in mid-April. The fungicide, mineral oil, and mineral oil + Tricoderma treatment applications significantly reduced powdery mildew severity in both leaves and stems as compared with those of the unsprayed plants. The stem powdery mildew reduction levels of the mineral oil or a combination of mineral oil + Trichoderma treatments, were not statistically different than that of thiophanate, which is reported as commercially acceptable. We recommend mineral oil spray, or mineral oil + Tricoderma, as alternatives to fungicide control of powdery mildew on leaves and stems of young gooseberry plants. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM khummer@ars-grin.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 365 EP 367 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 658PZ UT WOS:000181730500027 ER PT J AU Fasina, OO Walter, WM Fleming, HP Simunovic, N AF Fasina, OO Walter, WM Fleming, HP Simunovic, N TI Viscoelastic properties of restructured sweetpotato puree SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alginate; calcium; gel; loss modulus; storage modulus; viscosity ID HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION; ALGIN CALCIUM; XANTHAN GELS; BEHAVIOR; DISPERSIONS; GELATION; PASTES AB The viscoelastic properties of sweetpotato (SP) puree restructured with alginate were determined and compared with those of non-restructured SP puree. Results from oscillatory shear experiments showed that both purees behaved like a gel with the storage modulus (G') predominant over the loss modulus (G"). The addition of a calcium/alginate complex increased the firmness of SP puree. Gel strength of both restructured and non-restructured puree was highest at room temperature (25 degreesC). C1 Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fasina, OO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00711.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 673CD UT WOS:000182561200006 ER PT J AU Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW AF Hollingsworth, RG Armstrong, JW TI Effectiveness of products containing metaldehyde, copper or extracts of yucca or neem for control of Zonitoides arboreus (Say), a snail pest of orchid roots in Hawaii SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Zonitoides arboreus; bush snail; orchid snail; metaldehyde baits; methiocarb; yucca extract; saponin; copper; Hawaii; quarantine pests; orchid roots; potted orchids; neem; iron phosphate ID SLUGS AB In Hawaii, Zonitoides arboreus (Say) is a serious pest of potted orchids, particularly those grown in bark- or coir-based media. This snail, which feeds preferentially on roots at or near the surface, causes the plant to become unstable within the pot which makes it unmarketable. Affected plants cannot be sold until roots have regrown. There is little published information about the control of this important pest. Our primary objective was to test commercially available and experimental molluscicides for control of Z. arboreus in laboratory and greenhouse trials. Molluscicides were first tested within Petri dishes to facilitate behavioural observations related to attraction or repellency of food baits and other products added to filter paper, and mortality of snails exposed to chemicals in this manner. Promising chemicals were then tested in greenhouse trials. Chemicals tested included a wide variety of commercial products containing metaldehyde; methiocarb (a carbamate); a bait product containing iron phosphate; a copper-containing fungicide; two extracts of neem (azadirachtin and neem oil) and an experimental extract of yucca known to repel slugs and snails. There was no evidence that snails were attracted to any of the food baits. The liquid metaldehyde products and the yucca extract caused snails to withdraw immediately into their shells and avoid contact with treated filter paper for up to 1 week. Both neem products acted as phagostimulants. Best control in greenhouse trials was obtained using a liquid formulation of metaldehyde, metaldehyde granules with inert carrier containing 7.5% active ingredient or methiocarb. C1 ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hollingsworth, RG (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1080/0967087021000038135 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 675WH UT WOS:000182720200005 ER PT J AU Glaz, B AF Glaz, B TI Integrated crop management for sustainable sugarcane production: Recent advances SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RATOON STUNTING DISEASE; YELLOW LEAF VIRUS; CANE MONOCULTURE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; EVERGLADES; RECOMBINATION; INHERITANCE; PHOSPHORUS; GENOTYPES AB Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) farmers throughout the world face constant challenges to sustain production and profitability while growing their crop in an ecologically sound manner. An agricultural system that successfully meets these challenges is defined as a system of integrated crop management. The purpose of this article is to review recent research that contributes to improved applications of integrated crop management in sugarcane. Agronomic research topics reviewed included improved yields in continuous sugarcane rotations, geographic information systems, modeling, and optimization of fertilizers. Contributions of both traditional and molecular genetics were reviewed as well as recent research advances in sugarcane pathology, entomology, and weed control. The sustainable relationship between sugarcane fields and factories was also described. The review demonstrated that specific challenges facing sugarcane growers differ among regions and countries. However, a research approach that is widely used to resolve these issues is to incorporate the principles of integrated crop management-productivity, profitability, and ecological soundness. C1 USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1252 BP 175 EP + PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 668KW UT WOS:000182290700012 ER PT J AU Reed, AJ Levedahl, JW Clark, JS AF Reed, AJ Levedahl, JW Clark, JS TI Commercial disappearance and composite demand for food with an application to US meats SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE commodity aggregation; Composite Commodity Theorem; composite demand; Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem; quantity-quality decomposition ID CONSUMER DEMAND; UNITED-STATES; AGGREGATION; SEPARABILITY; SYSTEMS; PRICES; TESTS; ROOT AB When elementary prices move strictly proportionately, aggregation over a group of diverse products is valid, and group demand responses can be decomposed into quality and quantity responses. This study shows that when relative elementary prices and group prices are stochastically independent, a similar decomposition is valid. Empirical results suggest consumers respond to changes in prices and income mostly by altering the quality of meat products. These findings imply that using commercial disappearance as a proxy for food demand can be misleading for policy analysis. C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Reed, AJ (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 679JK UT WOS:000182916800004 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J AF Adamczyk, JJ Gore, J TI Varying levels of Cry1Ac in transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton leaf bioassays SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crystalline protein; 6-endotoxin; efficacy; Bacillus thuringiensis ID EFFICACY; PROTEINS AB Research was conducted to determine levels of Cry1Ac in transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton leaves from four different commonly used bioassays. Significant differences in the amount of Cry1Ac were found among the different bioassay types. For bioassay arenas that prevented desiccation of leaf material, Cry1Ac levels remained stable for 10 d after tissue was excised from the plant. In other bioassay types, Cry1Ac levels increased in excised leaves over time because of desiccation that concentrated the transgenic protein. We conclude that careful descriptions of bioassay methodology are essential for laboratory studies documenting Cry1Ac levels and corresponding efficacy against lepidopteran pests. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit Stoneville, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit Stoneville, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 823JE UT WOS:000221606400001 ER PT J AU Alloush, GA Belesky, DP Clapham, WM AF Alloush, GA Belesky, DP Clapham, WM TI Forage chicory: A plant resource for nutrient-rich sites SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicory; ionic strength; nutritive value; dry matter yield; mineral content ID GRASSLANDS PUNA CHICORY; HORDEUM-VULGARE; NITROGEN NUTRITION; NITRATE NUTRITION; ANNUAL RYEGRASS; SALINITY; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; TOMATO; ASSIMILATION AB Grazing livestock create localized nutrient patches that increase soil ionic strength (IS) and influence plant productivity. The ability of plant root systems to control ion absorption and flux to xylem, and to sequester ions reaching leaf tissue in bound, nontoxic forms are means of minimizing IS. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth and mineral acquisition responses of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Grasslands Puna) to increasing (0.9, 4, 8, and 12 dS m(-1)) IS in the rhizosphere obtained by additions of NaCl/CaCl2 (1 : 1 m ratio). Plants were harvested four times after planting (20, 27, 34 and 41 d) to identify responses as a function of time. Increased accumulation and localization of Na in roots in comparison to shoots suggested that chicory restricted Na transport to shoots, and that insoluble Na in tissues increased with increasing IS. Soluble cations in shoots were about 50 % of total cations, irrespective of rhizosphere IS and Na uptake. Differences in the cation:anion ratio could not be accounted for by organic acid concentrations in chicory, but substantial accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates as fructans in roots could contribute to charge balance. Our results demonstrate that forage chicory has moderate tolerance to IS, suggesting that it might be a useful species for sites with potential for IS. Chicory growth would probably be sustained under IS conditions, and the resultant vigorous growth and accumulation of mineral nutrients in shoots would contribute to acceptable nutritive value for grazing livestock. Plants capable of growing in and acquiring nutrients from nutrient-laden patches in the sward would help minimize erosion and nutrient transport, with positive benefits for water and soil quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 189 IS 2 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2003.00014.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 667XE UT WOS:000182259500005 ER PT J AU Casas, E Cundiff, LV AF Casas, E Cundiff, LV TI Maternal grandsire, granddam, and sire breed effects on growth and carcass traits of crossbred cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; breeds; carcass composition; growth ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; FEED-EFFICIENCY; CYCLE-III; LONGISSIMUS PALATABILITY; POSTWEANING GROWTH; STEERS; WHOLESALE; BRAHMAN; LOCUS; IV AB Postweaning growth, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were analyzed on 1,422 animals obtained by mating F-1 cow's to F-1 (Belgian Blue x British breeds) or Charolais sires. Cows were obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC 111 (1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Pinzgauer, and 1/4 Red Poll) dams to Hereford or Angus (British breeds), Tuli, Boran, Brahman, or Belgian Blue sires. Breed groups were fed in replicated pens and slaughtered serially in each of 2 yr. Postweaning average daily gain; live weight; hot carcass weight; fat depth; longissimus area; estimated kidney, pelvic, and heart -fat (percentage); percentage Choice; marbling score; USDA yield grade; retail product yield (percentage); retail product weight; fat yield (percentage); fat weight; bone yield, (percentage); and bone weight were analyzed in this population. Quadratic regressions of pen mean weight on days fed and of cumulative ME consumption on days fed were used to estimate gain, ME consumption and efficiency (Mcal. of ME/kg of gain) over time (0 to 200 d on feed), and weight (300 to 550 kg) intervals. Maternal grandsire breed was significant (P < 0.01) for all traits. Maternal granddam breed (Hereford, Angus, or MARC III) was significant (P < 0.05) only for fat depth, USDA yield grade, retail product yield, fat yield, fat weight, and bone yield. Sire breed was significant (P < 0.05) for live weight, hot carcass weight, longissimus area, and bone weight. Sex class was a significant (P < 0.001) source of. variation for all traits except for percentage Choice, marbling score, retail product yield, and fat yield. Inter actions between maternal grandsire and sire breed were nonexistent. Sire and grandsire breed effects can be optimized by selection and use of appropriate crossbreeding systems. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 904 EP 911 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XX UT WOS:000186717500011 PM 12723078 ER PT J AU Howard, RW Jackson, LL Banse, H Blows, MW AF Howard, RW Jackson, LL Banse, H Blows, MW TI Cuticular hydrocarbons of Drosophila birchii and D-serrata: Identification and role in mate choice in D-serrata SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; pheromones; sexual selection; sibling species; mass spectra; dienes; monoenes; 2-methylalkanes ID SEXUAL SELECTION; PREMATING ISOLATION; RECOGNITION; MELANOGASTER; MOJAVENSIS; EVOLUTION; COURTSHIP; GENETICS; PSEUDOOBSCURA; PERMEABILITY AB The cuticular hydrocarbon compositions of two sympatric species of Australian Drosophila in the montium subgroup of the melanogaster group that use cuticular hydrocarbons in mate recognition have been characterized. Drosophila birchii has 34 components in greater than trace amounts, with a carbon number range of C-20 to C-33. Drosophila serrata has 21 components above trace level and a carbon number range of C-24 to C-31. These two species share eight hydrocarbon components, with all but two of them being monoenes. For both species, the (Z)-9-monoenes are the predominant positional isomer. The hydrocarbons of D. birchii are n-alkanes, n-alkenes (Z)-5-, (Z)-7-, (Z)-9-, and (Z)-11-), low to trace levels of homologous (Z,Z)-7,11- and (Z,Z)-9,13-dienes; and trace amounts of (Z,Z)-5,9- C-25:2, a major component of D. serrata. Only one methyl branched hydrocarbon was detected (2-methyl C-28), and it occurred at very low levels. The hydrocarbons of D. serrata are dominated by a homologous series of (Z,Z)-5,9-dienes, and notably, are characterized by the apparent absence of n-alkanes. Homologous series of (Z)-5-, (Z)-7-, and (Z)-9- alkenes are also present in D. serrata as well as 2-methyl alkanes. Drosophila serrata females display strong directional mate choice based on male cuticular hydrocarbons and prefer D. serrata males with higher relative abundances of the 2-methyl alkanes, but lower relative abundances of (Z,Z)-5,9- C-24:2 and (Z)-9-C-25:1. C1 ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Howard, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Blows, Mark/B-6195-2008; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Blows, Mark/0000-0002-1065-5524; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 37 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 961 EP 976 DI 10.1023/A:1022992002239 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660WK UT WOS:000181856900013 PM 12775155 ER PT J AU Turcanu, V Maleki, SJ Lack, G AF Turcanu, V Maleki, SJ Lack, G TI Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanut-allergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID T-CELL CLONES; SUCCINIMIDYL ESTER; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IN-VITRO; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGES AB Comparing lymphocyte responses to allergenic and nonallergenic foods could reveal the differences between pathogenic and normal immune responses to foods. Defining the cytokine-producing phenotypes of peanut-specific lymphocytes from peanut-allergic children, children who outgrew peanut allergy, and children who have always tolerated peanuts may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of food tolerance. Investigating immune responses against foods is hindered, however, by the fact that circulating food antigen-specific lymphocytes are very rare. In a novel approach we used carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester to detect peanut-specific lymphocytes by flow cytometry. We confirmed that these cells are indeed peanut specific by cloning. Peanut-allergic donors show Th2 polarization of cytokine production by peanut-specific cells (IFN-gamma (low), TNF-alpha (low), IL-4 (high), IL-5 (high), IL-13 (high)). Conversely, nonallergic children and children who have outgrown their allergy show Th1 skewing to peanut antigens (IFN-gamma (high), TNF-alpha (high), IL-4 (low), IL-5 (low), IL-13 (low)), similarly to nonallergenic food antigens (beta-lactoglobulin, OVA). This finding suggests that peanut antigens do not intrinsically induce Th2 skewing, but that the type of response depends upon the donor's allergic status. In conclusion, food allergic status is characterized by a Th2 response whereas Th1-skewed responses underlie oral tolerance. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, London, England. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Lack, G (reprint author), St Marys Hosp, Salton House,Praed St, London W2 1NY, England. NR 33 TC 133 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1072 DI 10.1172/JCI200316142 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 662VY UT WOS:000181970600018 PM 12671056 ER PT J AU Register, KB Sacco, RE Nordholm, GE AF Register, KB Sacco, RE Nordholm, GE TI Comparison of ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis for inter- and intraspecies discrimination of Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; BRONCHISEPTICA; BACTERIA; STRAINS; CORYZA; AGENT; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Bordetella avium is an avian respiratory disease pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. The inability to distinguish isolates has hampered outbreak investigations and prevents a complete understanding of transmission mechanisms. Isolates of Bordetella hinzii, often referred to as B. avium-like or as Alcaligenes faecalis type II prior to 1995, have also been acquired from the respiratory tracts of diseased poultry but are not believed to be pathogenic for birds. Therefore, differentiating between B. avium and B. hinzii is of importance for veterinary diagnostic laboratories. It was recently reported that both PvuII ribotyping and Hinfl/DdeI restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) show promise for distinguishing isolates of B. avium and B. hinzii. Here we compare the ability of these techniques to discern inter- and intraspecies differences. While both approaches distinguished numerous types within a species, only REA was sufficiently discriminatory for routine use as an epidemiologic tool. Both techniques clearly distinguish between B. avium and B. hinzii, although the results of ribotyping are more easily interpreted. Ribotyping and REA identified numerous, previously unrecognized B. hinzii strains from a collection of bordetella isolates, including one acquired from a rabbit. This is the first report of B. hinzii isolation from a nonhuman mammalian species. At least some of the newly recognized B. hinzii isolates have been previously reported to cause disease in poults, suggesting that the pathogenicity of this agent for poultry should be more rigorously examined. C1 ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Swine Resp Dis Project, USDA,Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Swine Resp Dis Project, USDA,Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1512 EP 1519 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1512-1519.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900026 PM 12682138 ER PT J AU Alvarez, R Lwamba, HM Kapczynski, DR Njenga, MK Seal, BS AF Alvarez, R Lwamba, HM Kapczynski, DR Njenga, MK Seal, BS TI Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence-based analysis of the avian metapneumovirus type C cell attachment glycoprotein gene: Phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology of US pneumoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; SUBGROUP-A; G-PROTEIN; ANTIGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AMPLIFICATION; SUBSTITUTIONS; POLYMERASE; SELECTION AB A serologically distinct avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) was isolated in the United States after an outbreak of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) in February 1997. The newly recognized U.S. virus was subsequently demonstrated to be genetically distinct from European subtypes and was designated aMPV serotype C (aMPV/C). We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the cell attachment glycoprotein (G) of aMPV/C (Colorado strain and three Minnesota isolates) and predicted amino acid sequence by sequencing cloned cDNAs synthesized from intracellular RNA of aMPV/C-infected cells. The nucleotide sequence comprised 1,321 nucleotides with only one predicted open reading frame encoding a protein of 435 amino acids, with a predicted M-r of 48,840. The structural characteristics of the predicted G protein of aMPV/C were similar to those of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) attachment G protein, including two mucin-like regions (heparin-binding domains) Ranking both sides of a CX3C chemokine motif present in a conserved hydrophobic pocket. Comparison of the deduced G-protein amino acid sequence of aMPV/C with those of aMPV serotypes A, B, and D, as well as hRSV revealed overall predicted amino acid sequence identities ranging from 4 to 16.5%, suggesting a distant relationship. However, G-protein sequence identities ranged from 72 to 97% when aMPV/C was compared to other members within the aMPV/C subtype or 21% for the recently identified human MPV (hMPV) G protein. Ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide changes were greater than one in the G gene when comparing the more recent Minnesota isolates to the original Colorado isolate. Epidemiologically, this indicates positive selection among U.S. isolates since the first outbreak of TRT in the United States. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1730 EP 1735 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1730-1735.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900059 PM 12682171 ER PT J AU Olson, DW White, CH Watson, CE AF Olson, DW White, CH Watson, CE TI Properties of frozen dairy desserts processed by microfluidization of their mixes SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE frozen dairy dessert; nonfat ice cream; low-fat ice cream; microfluidization ID VANILLA ICE-CREAM; SENSORY PROPERTIES; FAT-CONTENT; STABILITY AB Sensory properties and rate of meltdown of nonfat (0% fat) and low-fat (2% fat) vanilla ice creams processed either by conventional valve homogenization or microfluidization of their mixes were compared with each other and to ice cream (10% fat) processed by conventional valve homogenization. Mixes for frozen dairy desserts containing 0, 2, and 10% fat were manufactured. Some of the nonfat and low-fat ice cream mixes were processed by microfluidization at 50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa, and the remaining nonfat and low-fat ice cream mixes and all of the ice cream mix were processed by conventional valve homogenization at 13.8 MPa, first stage, and 3.4 MPa, second stage. The finished frozen and hardened products were evaluated at d 1 and 45 for meltdown rate and for flavor and body and texture by preference testing. Nonfat and low-fat ice creams that usually had a slower meltdown were produced when processing their mixes by microfluidization instead of by conventional valve homogenization. Sensory scores for the ice cream were significantly higher than sensory scores for the nonfat and low-fat ice creams, but the sensory scores for the conventional valve homogenized controls for the nonfat ice cream and low-fat ice cream were not significantly different from the sensory scores for the nonfat ice cream and low-fat ice cream processed by microfluidization of the mixes, respectively. Microfluidization produced nonfat and low-fat ice creams that usually had a slower meltdown without affecting sensory properties. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Olson, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dolson@arserrc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1162 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672GF UT WOS:000182512300011 PM 12741539 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Ahvenjarvi, S Huhtanen, P AF Reynal, SM Broderick, GA Ahvenjarvi, S Huhtanen, P TI Effect of feeding protein supplements of differing degradability on omasal flow of microbial and undegraded protein SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cows; degradation; protein; purines ID DAIRY-COWS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; RUMINAL BACTERIA; LACTATING COWS; ALFALFA SILAGE; DIGESTA-FLOW; IN-SITU; MARKERS; RUMEN AB Ten ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows that were part of a larger trial studying the effects of feeding different proteins on milk production were used in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin square to quantify flows of microbial and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) in omasal digesta. Cows were fed total mixed rations containing ( dry matter basis) 44% corn silage, 22% alfalfa silage, 2% urea, and 31% concentrate. The basal diet contained 31% high-moisture corn; equal N from one of four protein supplements was added to the other diets at the expense of corn: 9% solvent soybean meal (SSBM), 10% expeller soybean meal (ESBM), 5.5% blood meal (BM), and 7% corn gluten meal (CGM). Omasal sampling was used to quantify total AA N (TAAN) and nonammonia N (NAN) flows from the rumen. Estimates of RUP were made from differences between total and microbial N flows, including a correction for RUP in the basal diet. Modifying a spectrophotometric assay improved total purine recovery from isolated bacteria and omasal samples and gave estimates of microbial TAAN and NAN flows that were similar to a standard HPLC method. Linear programming, based on AA patterns of the diet and isolated omasal bacteria and ruminal protozoa, appeared to overestimate microbial TAAN and NAN flows compared to the purine assays. Yields of microbial TAAN and NAN determined using any method was not affected by diet and averaged 32 to 35 g NAN per kilogram of organic matter truly digested in the rumen. On average, National Research Council (NRC) equations underpredicted microbial N flows by 152 g/d (vs. HPLC), 168 g/d (vs. spectrophotometry), and 244 g/d (vs. linear programming). Estimates of RUP (means from the HPLC and spectrophotometric methods) were: SSBM, 27%, ESBM, 45%, BM, 60%, and CGM, 73%. Except for CGM, RUP values averaged about 20 percentage units lower than those reported by the NRC. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Ctr Finland MTT, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Ahvenjarvi, Seppo/C-5527-2009 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1305 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672GF UT WOS:000182512300026 PM 12741554 ER PT J AU Broderick, GA AF Broderick, GA TI Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE protein density; energy density; neutral detergent fiber; nonfiber carbohydrate ID MILK UREA NITROGEN; HIGH-MOISTURE CORN; REPLACING ALFALFA SILAGE; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; PURINE DERIVATIVES; MICROBIAL PROTEIN; INTERNAL MARKERS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; DRY-MATTER AB Forty-five multiparous and 18 primiparous Holstein cows were fed three levels of crude protein (CP), each at three levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), to identify optimal dietary CP and energy. Cows were blocked by parity and days in milk into seven groups of nine and randomly assigned to an incomplete 9 x 9 Latin square trial with four, 4-wk periods. Diets were formulated from alfalfa and corn silages, high-moisture corn, soybean meal, minerals, and vitamins. Forage was 60% alfalfa and 40% corn silage on all diets; NDF contents of 36, 32, and 28% were obtained by feeding 75, 63, and 50% forage, respectively. Dietary CP contents of 15.1, 16.7, and 18.4% were obtained by replacing high-moisture corn with soybean meal. Production data were from the last 2 wk of each period. Spot fecal and urine samples were collected from 36 cows to estimate N excretion using fecal indigestible acid detergent fiber (ADF) and urinary creatinine as markers. There were no interactions (P greater than or equal to 0.08) between dietary CP and NDF for any trait; thus, effects of CP were not confounded by NDF or vice versa. Intake of DM and fat yield were lower on 15.1% CP than at higher CP. There were linear increases in milk urea and urinary N excretion and linear decreases in N efficiency with increasing CP. Increasing CP from 15.1 to 18.4% reduced milk N from 31 to 25% of dietary N, increased urinary N from 23 to 35% of dietary N, and reduced fecal N from 45 to 41% of dietary N. Decreasing NDF gave linear increases in BW gain, yield of milk, protein, true protein, lactose, and SNF, and milk/DM intake and milk N/N intake, and linear decreases in milk urea. However, fat yield was lower on 28% than 32% NDF. Reducing NDF from 36 to 28% increased purine derivative excretion by 19%, suggesting increased microbial protein. Increasing CP by adding soybean meal to diets fed cows averaging 34 kg/ d of milk increased intake and fat yield but depressed N efficiency. Increasing dietary energy by reducing forage improved milk yield and efficiency and decreased excretion of environmentally labile urinary N. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 49 TC 215 Z9 237 U1 8 U2 58 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1381 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672GF UT WOS:000182512300034 PM 12741562 ER PT J AU Norman, HD Powell, RL Wright, JR Sattler, CG AF Norman, HD Powell, RL Wright, JR Sattler, CG TI Timeliness and effectiveness of progeny testing through artificial insemination SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial insemination; progeny test; selection intensity; sire sampling ID GENETIC MERIT; ORGANIZATIONS AB Progeny-test ( PT) programs of US artificial-insemination ( AI) organizations were examined to determine timeliness of sampling, PT daughter distribution, rate of return of PT bulls to widespread service, and genetic merit of PT bulls compared with AI-proven and natural-service (NS) bulls. Bull age at semen release and at birth and calving of PT daughters was documented by breed ( Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn) for bulls that entered AI service since 1960. Mean Holstein bull age at semen release ( 16 mo) changed little over time, but standard deviations (SD) decreased from 4.0 mo during the 1960s to 2.4 mo during the 1990s. Most Holstein bulls (80%) had semen released by 18 mo. Mean age of Holstein bulls at birth and calving of PT daughters during the 1990s was 29 and 56 mo, respectively ( a decline of 4 mo from the 1960s); SD decreased from 6 to 3 mo. Bulls of other breeds usually were older at birth and calving of PT daughters, and SD were larger. Mean Holstein bull age when 80% of PT daughters had been born declined from 36 mo during the 1960s to 31 mo during the early 1990s; for other breeds, bulls showed the same trend but at older ages. Mean Holstein bull age when 80% of PT daughters had calved declined from 65 mo during the 1960s to 59 mo during the 1990s; for other breeds, bulls were older. Percentage of herds with PT daughters has increased over time. For Holsteins, herds with five or more usable first-parity records that had PT daughters with usable records increased from 15% during 1965 to 61% during 1998; percentage of herds with from 1 to 19% PT records increased from 11 to 38%, and percentage of herds with > 50% PT daughters increased from 1 to 5%. Percentage of Holstein PT bulls returned to AI service declined to about 12% for bulls with PT entry around 1990; for other breeds, 12 to 23% of most recent PT bulls were returned to service. Percentage of milking daughters that had records usable for genetic evaluation that were sired by PT bulls increased steadily from 10 to 18%, whereas percentage of daughters with usable records that were sired by NS bulls declined from 14 to 7%. Milk yield of daughters of AI-proven bulls was 107 to 200 kg greater than for daughters of PT bulls and 366 to 444 kg greater than for daughters of NS bulls for all years. More extensive and rapid sampling and increased selection intensity of PT programs have led to more rapid genetic progress. More extensive use of AI could increase US producer income by millions of dollars annually. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Assoc Anim Breeders, Columbia, MO 63155 USA. RP Norman, HD (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1513 EP 1525 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 672GF UT WOS:000182512300050 PM 12741578 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, MR TI Modeling the response of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) to cold treatment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; cold treatment; model ID DISINFESTATION; STORAGE; TRYONI AB Recent interceptions of live Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), larvae in fruit that had been cold-treated during transit from abroad led to a reevaluation of the scientific basis for the relevant regulatory treatment schedules. A time-temperature response surface model based on the original experimental data from 1916 was developed and evaluated based on subsequent experimental trials and recent surveillance data collected from shipping operations. The resultant model is reasonably robust and supports the conclusion that the previous treatment schedule falls short of the intended probit nine level of security. Given the vintage of the data, methodological inconsistencies among studies, and the potential consequences of new introductions, additional research is warranted. Quantitative analysis of the currently available data suggests that future studies regarding the efficacy of cold storage should focus on low-temperature, short-duration treatments, where uncertainty about performance appears greatest. The analysis of subsequent experiments also demonstrates that for cold treatment trials most often resulting in zero survivors, Bayesian statistical methods applied to a series of replicated trials of more manageable size offers a feasible alternative to conducting impracticably large trials. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.300 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400008 PM 14994794 ER PT J AU Villavaso, EJ Mulrooney, JE McGovern, WL AF Villavaso, EJ Mulrooney, JE McGovern, WL TI Boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) bait sticks: Toxicity and malathion content SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; bait; malathion; toxicity ID PHEROMONE TRAPS AB Assays of malathion content and toxicity to boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were conducted on boll weevil bait sticks, now marketed as Boll Weevil Attract and Control Tubes (BWACTs; Plato Industries, Houston, TX). In general, the longer BWACTs were in the field, the lower the mortality of weevils that were exposed to them. Bioassays of weevil mortality correlated with hexane washes of BWACT surfaces showed highly variable mortality when surface malathion fell below approximate to20 ng per 1 mul of hexane, but consistently high mortality (greater than or equal to90%) when surface malathion was above 30 ng per 1 mul of hexane. A linear equation was calculated to predict mortality as a function of malathion on a BWACT surface. Although mortality was related to surface amounts of malathion, it was unrelated to the total amount of malathion present in BWACTs. Similarly, surface malathion was unrelated to the total amount present in BWACTs. As with mortality, amount of surface malathion declined with time, but total malathion did not decline with time. Boll weevils placed on fresh BWACTs tended to accumulate more malathion and died in greater numbers as time spent on fresh tubes increased, but not as time spent on tubes aged in the field (for 5 mo total) increased. Weevils that landed on tubes after a short flight died in approximately the same numbers as those that were placed on tubes using proper methodology. The amount of malathion expected to cause 90% mortality of boll weevils subjected to proper methodology was 47% higher than for a less stringent methodology (34.3 versus 23.4 ng), which demonstrates the importance of strictly adhering to proper methodology; nevertheless, chemical assay of malathion on the BWACT surface proved to be a more consistent measure of BWACT toxicity than bioassay, and it should replace the bioassay. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Villavaso, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.311 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400009 PM 14994795 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ Spurgeon, DW AF Reardon, BJ Spurgeon, DW TI Early-season colonization patterns of the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in Central Texas cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonornus grandis grandis; colonization; cotton AB It is commonly believed that colonization of early-season cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., by overwintered boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, is concentrated on field margins. However, supporting experimental evidence is not available. In 1999 and 2000, we examined colonization patterns of overwintered boll weevils in Central Texas cotton on the bases of adult collections by a pneumatic sampler and hand collections of abscised infested squares. Samples were taken from sites arranged in a grid that extended inward >70 m from the field margin. Adults were collected from shortly after seedling emergence until the flowering stage, and infested squares were collected during the one-third grown square stage. Despite numerical trends, the numbers of adult weevils collected were not significantly different between years or sexes, or among plant phenological stages. Field-to-field variation among collections was considerable and likely prevented detection of differences among these factors. Spatial patterns represented by adult weevil and infested square collections were examined by logistic regressions fitted to the respective probabilities of weevil detection at each designated sample site. Although we observed trends for slightly decreased probability of weevil detection with increased distance from the field margin, these trends were too weak to be demonstrated statistically. Our results indicate the boll weevil does not consistently exhibit a strong edge-oriented colonization pattern, and that management tactics that are predicated on these patterns, such as border sprays, should be used with caution. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 328 EP 333 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.328 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400011 PM 14994797 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL AF Mangan, RL TI Adult diet and male - Female contact effects on female reproductive potential in Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) (Diptera Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oogenesis; maturation; eggs; yeast hydrolysate; sugar ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BEHAVIOR; FLIES; PERFORMANCE; LONGEVITY; OBLIQUA; STRAIN; MANGO AB Wild strains of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) placed into laboratory rearing conditions are subjected to selection pressures caused by the diet, cages, density of flies, and other factors. Selection that changes mating behavior of the strain may result in less effective males released in sterile insect programs. Tests were performed to examine the effects of protein in diet and adult interactions on egg production and mating during sexual maturation of the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) in laboratory cages. Flies were offspring of wild flies collected from Chiapas or Nuevo Leon, Mexico, and reared on Valencia oranges. Experiments demonstrated effects of yeast hydrolysate protein in adult diet and pairing with males on production of mature and immature eggs, numbers of females producing eggs, and mating with females aged 15 d. Addition of protein to 4% fructose in the adult diet approximately tripled mature egg production in females maintained for the total maturation period with an equal number of males. Females that matured without males produced approximate to33% more-mature eggs when fed protein than those fed no protein. Total egg production of females matured without males and fed sugar only or sugar with protein was more than twice that of females matured with males. Tests to examine the effects of male and female diet separately on female egg production showed slightly higher egg production in females fed protein, or females paired with males fed protein, but these differences were not significant. The most definitive effects were that combining wild strain females and males in cages during maturation reduced egg production. This effect was greatest when flies were not fed protein. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.341 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400013 PM 14994799 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Spurgeon, DW Hagood, S AF Suh, CPC Spurgeon, DW Hagood, S TI Evaluation of kill strips on boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) mortality in pheromone traps and impact on weevil escape SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis; kill strips; pheromone traps AB A field study examined the temporal patterns of boll weevil mortality provided by two commercially available kill strips, Hereon VaporTape H and Plato Insecticide Strip, and to evaluate the impacts of these devices on weevil escape from traps. Both types of kill strips produced similar levels of weevil mortality with the exception of the last two inspection intervals (30 and 46 h after continual exposure to kill strips). At these intervals, the Plato Strip produced significantly higher mortality than the Hereon strip; however, these differences were numerically small (10 and 6%, respectively). Both types of kill strips produced a high level of weevil mortality in traps (>90%) after 46 h of exposure. On average, 5-8% of weevils escaped from traps whether a kill strip was present or absent. A strong temporal pattern of escape was observed, with greater than or equal to90% of escape occurring within the first hour after weevils were introduced into traps. Because greater than or equal to90% of escape occurred within the first hour weevils were in the traps and <3% of weevils died during the first hour of exposure to kill strips in traps, use of kill strips in large-scale boll weevil management programs is not justified on the basis of reduced weevil escape. C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.348 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400014 PM 14994800 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Clancy, KM Kolb, TE AF Chen, Z Clancy, KM Kolb, TE TI Variation in budburst phenology of Douglas-fir related to western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) fitness SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Choristoneura occidentalis; Pseudotsuga menziesii; bioassay; budburst phenology; defoliation; resistance mechanisms ID SUGAR MAPLE; SPECIALIST HERBIVORE; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; WHITE SPRUCE; DEFOLIATION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; THYSANOPTERA; OVIPOSITION; PERFORMANCE AB Variation in budburst phenology among individual trees of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco) may influence their susceptibility to western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) defoliation. We tested the hypothesis that phenological asynchrony between Douglas-fir and the western spruce budworm is a mechanism of resistance using clones derived from parent trees that showed resistance versus susceptibility to C. occidentalis defoliation in the field. Susceptible clones had earlier budburst phenology compared with resistant clones when they were grown in a common greenhouse environment, demonstrating a genetic basis for parallel phenological differences exhibited by the parent trees. We tested the importance of phenological asynchrony as a factor influencing fitness of C. occidentalis using two different greenhouse bioassay experiments. One experiment compared western spruce budworm performance on equivalent phenological stages of susceptible and resistant clones by matching larval feeding to the columnar (fourth) bud development stage of each clone. Larvae reared on resistant clones had greater realized fitness (i.e., number of F, offspring produced) than those reared on susceptible clones when the influence of variation in budburst phenology was minimized. In the other experiment, western spruce budworm larvae were placed on all trees on the same date when approximate to50% of all terminal buds in the population were in the yellow (second) budburst stage. Larvae reared on susceptible clones had greater realized fitness than those reared on resistant clones when the influence of phenological asynchrony was expressed. Our results suggest that resistant phenotypes of Douglas-fir have negative effects on survival and reproduction of C. occidentalis under the natural conditions that insects and trees experience in the field. Genetic variation among trees in budburst phenology has an important influence on interactions between the western spruce budworm and Douglas-fir. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.377 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400018 PM 14994804 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Blackburn, M AF Martin, PAW Blackburn, M TI Inhibition of seed germination by extracts of bitter Hawkesbury watermelon containing cucurbitacin, a feeding stimulant for corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cucurbitacin E-glycoside; corn rootworm; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; bait; insect control ID CUCUMBER BEETLE COLEOPTERA; MUTANT; JUICE AB Cucurbitacins are feeding stimulants for corn rootworm used in baits to control the adults of this insect pest. Corn rootworm larvae also feed compulsively on cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins are reported to be gibberellin antagonists that may preclude their use as seed treatments for these soil-dwelling insects. The crude extract of a bitter Hawkesbury watermelon containing cucurbitacin E-glycoside significantly inhibited germination of watermelon, squash, and tomato seeds. Although the germination of corn seed was not significantly inhibited, root elongation was inhibited by crude extracts, but not by high-performance liquid chromatography-purified cucurbitacin E-glycoside. Therefore, the effects of the major components in the bitter watermelon extract (e.g., sugars) on seed germination and root elongation were determined. Pure sugars (glucose and fructose), at concentrations found in watermelon extract, mimicked the inhibition of seed germination and root elongation seen with the crude bitter Hawkesbury watermelon extract. Removal of these sugars may be necessary to use this extract as a bait for corn rootworm larvae as a seed or root treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 441 EP 445 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.441 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400026 PM 14994812 ER PT J AU Shelton, TG Grace, JK AF Shelton, TG Grace, JK TI Effects of exposure duration on transfer of nonrepellent termiticides among workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; nonrepellent termiticides; exposure duration ID RETICULITERMES-VIRGINICUS ISOPTERA; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; HAWAII AB The potential for transfer of nonrepellent termiticide toxicants between workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was examined using two commercially available pesticide formulations and a simple donor-recipient model modified from current methods in the literature. Pesticides used were imidacloprid, formulated as Premise 75 WP, and fipronil, formulated as Termidor SC, in concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppm (weight of active ingredient/weight of sand) in sand. The results of the first experiment showed a significant increase in recipient mortality over control mortality when donor workers were treated with 100 ppm imidacloprid or 100 ppm fipronil. Although all three colonies studied were affected, one colony (colony 3) was affected to a significantly greater extent than the other colonies. This effect was not correlated with termite body size (dry mass). In a second study, recipient mortality was evaluated after exposure of donors to 1 ppm insecticide for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h. Recipient mortality indicated that these exposures did not consistently lead to lethal transfer of the insecticides. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelton, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, USDA FS SRS 4502,201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 13 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 456 EP 460 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-96.2.456 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666FL UT WOS:000182166400029 PM 14994815 ER PT J AU Braman, SK Sparks, BL Tedders, WL Mizell, RF Hudson, WG AF Braman, SK Sparks, BL Tedders, WL Mizell, RF Hudson, WG TI Effects of trap color and bait type on collection of Coleoptera in pyramid traps in commercial nurseries SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Pyramid-shaped traps were evaluated in Georgia for capturing potentially harmful coleopterans in ornamental plant nurseries. Beetle response to two colors and four bait types was compared. Four species of Buprestidae, 22 species of Cerambycidae, and three species of Curculionidae were captured in sufficient numbers for analysis during the 2-yr study. Coccinellidae, Carabidae, Trogositidae, Cleridae, and Chrysomelidae were also captured with frequency. Trap color did not have a significant effect on capture of pine-infesting weevils, although these weevil species were as much as five times more abundant in traps containing turpentine alone or a 1:1 mixture of turpentine: ethanol than ethanol alone or unbaited traps. Odontopus calceatus (Say), however, a weevil that attacks the foliage of tuliptree, sassafras and magnolia, was captured five times more frequently in yellow than in gray traps, although no influence of bait was observed for this species. Cerambycidae in general were not affected by trap color or bait. However, the banded hickory borer, Knulliana cincta (Drury), a cerambycid, was captured more frequently in gray traps as were buprestids in the genus Chrysobothris. Buprestis lineata was more commonly captured in traps baited with turpentine or ethanol/turpentine mixture. Chrysomelids (Altica sp.) were not affected by trap color or bait type. Timing of occurrence of adult beetles of 23 species of beetles are presented. The beneficial Coleoptera captured in the traps were either not affected by color or bait type (Carabidae) or were primarily attracted by yellow traps (Coccinellidae). Traps of the type used in this study can be easily constructed or may be purchased commercially and offer the nursery grower a practical monitoring tool for a variety of Coleoptera that attack woody plants. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Braman, SK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Expt Stn, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300011 ER PT J AU Alverson, J AF Alverson, J TI Efficacy of antifungal agents to control Aspergillus niger contamination in an artificial diet for Lygus hesperus knight (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plant bugs; Aspergillus niger; artificial diet; antifungal; mass rearing AB The ability of four antifungal agents to suppress growth of Aspergillus niger (USDA, AIRS Robert T. Gast Rearing Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS isolate) in an artificial diet for Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) was tested by inoculating a standard number of conidial spores into artificial diet with different antifungal agents added and determining the amount of ensuing microbial growth. The effects on biological fitness of L. hesperus also were measured. Measured characteristics of biological fitness included total number of surviving adults, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to the beginning of egg laying. Benzoic acid, high concentrations of formalin, and a high concentration of sorbic acid suppressed the growth of A. niger. Propionic acid and low concentrations of sorbic acid and formalin were less effective at suppressing A. niger growth. Biological fitness was negatively affected in insects reared on diets containing high levels of A. niger growth and in diets with high concentrations of formalin. This study demonstrates how the antifungals that are added to the artificial diet of L. hesperus to control contamination by A. niger must be chosen carefully with consideration not only of their effectiveness at controlling contamination, but also to the tolerance level of the insect to the chemical compound. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Alverson, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, ARDU, POB 646330, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300014 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Farrar, RR AF Shapiro, M Farrar, RR TI Fluorescent brighteners affect feeding rates of the corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and act as enhancers and sunlight protectants for its nucleopolyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; nucleopolyhedrovirus; stilbene; enhancer; deterrent; ultraviolet ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CELERY LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RADIATION PROTECTION; BACULOVIRUS ACTIVITY; LYMANTRIIDAE; POTENCY; INFECTIVITY AB Seven diaminostilbene disulfonic acid-derived fluorescent brighteners, including Blankophor BBH(R), Blankophor HRS(R), Blankophor P167(R), Blankophor RKH(R), Blankophor LPG(R), Blankophor DML(R), and Blankophor BSU(R) (Bayer, Rock Hill, SC), were tested for effects on feeding rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and as enhancers and sunlight protectants for the H'. zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). All tests were done using virus applied to plant material. Blankophor BBH and Blankophor RKH were feeding deterrents; the other brighteners did not affect feeding. Blankophor HRS caused the greatest increases in activity of HzSNPV, both with and without exposure to simulated sunlight. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 286 EP 299 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300015 ER PT J AU Webb, RE White, GB Thorpe, KW AF Webb, RE White, GB Thorpe, KW TI Augmenting nucleopolyhedrovirus load in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) populations with egg mass treatments SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; biological control; Gypchek; nucleopolyhedrovirus; disease augmentation ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; GYPCHEK AB Previous observations show that gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., mortality induced by the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper is quickly manifested as host population density increases. However, the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) lags behind the rebounding gypsy moth population. In this study, egg masses were contaminated with virus to successfully augment LdMNPV in gypsy moth populations in Virginia. Laboratory bioassays determined the approximate LdMNPV dose to apply to egg masses with and without the addition of the virus enhancer Blankophor BBH to the spray mixture. The highest dose of virus (5.3 x 10(5) PIBs/mL) tested without Blankophor BBH gave 82.3% mortality. Mortality for this virus dose increased to 91.8% when 1% Blankophor BBH was added. Field studies established that application of virus at an earlier date (04 April) was as efficacious as an application made at a later date (12 April); this study also included a further assessment of the addition of Blankophor BBH to the spray mixture. While application of LdMNPV + Blankophor BBH resulted in faster kill, levels of kill were similar (88.0% for early treatment and 78.8% for later treatment for virus applied alone versus 87.8% for early treatment and 89.1% for later treatment for virus + Blankophor BBH). However, a higher than expected number of cadavers in the LdMNPV + Blankophor BBH treatments had few or no polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs). Finally, virus infection resulting from the application of LdMNPV to pupae in June 1998 was compared with infection levels seen after the application of virus to egg masses in April 1999. The April 1999 treatment to egg masses clearly resulted in a higher kill of emerging larvae (=79.3% mortality) compared to the June 1998 treatment to female pupae (with virus incorporated into the egg masses laid by females after adult emergence) (=13.7% mortality). The virus was recovered season-long from larvae collected from populations in the treated plots (but not from control plots), indicating within season spread. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 300 EP 313 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300016 ER PT J AU Webb, RE White, GB Thorpe, KW AF Webb, RE White, GB Thorpe, KW TI Low incidence of viral and fungal entomopathogens in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantrildae) populations in northern Virginia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Entomophaga maimaiga; density dependence; gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Webb, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 314 EP 316 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300017 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Streett, DA AF Vogt, JT Streett, DA TI Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) laboratory parasitism, release and establishment in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phorid flies; decapitating flies; biological control; Solenopsis richteri; Solenopsis invicta C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 678QE UT WOS:000182877300018 ER PT J AU Knapp, KC Weinberg, M Howitt, R Posnikoff, JF AF Knapp, KC Weinberg, M Howitt, R Posnikoff, JF TI Water transfers, agriculture, and groundwater management: a dynamic economic analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; groundwater; transfers; economics; management; markets; dynamic programming ID MARKETS; CALIFORNIA; IRRIGATION; BENEFITS; QUALITY; POLICY AB Water transfers from agricultural to urban and environmental uses will likely become increasingly common worldwide. Many agricultural areas rely heavily on underlying groundwater aquifers. Out-of-basin surface water transfers will increase aquifer withdrawals while reducing recharge, thereby altering the evolution of the agricultural production/groundwater aquifer system over time. An empirical analysis is conducted for a representative region in California. Transfers via involuntary surface water cutbacks tilt the extraction schedule and lower water table levels and net benefits over time. The effects are large for the water table but more modest for the other variables. Break-even prices are calculated for voluntary quantity contract transfers at the district level. These prices differ considerably from what might be calculated under a static analysis which ignores water table dynamics. Canal-lining implies that districts may gain in the short-run but lose over time if all the reduction in conveyance losses is transferred outside the district. Water markets imply an evolving quantity of exported flows over time and a reduction in basin net benefits under common property usage. Most aquifers underlying major agricultural regions are currently unregulated. Out-of-basin surface water transfers increase stress on the aquifer and management benefits can increase substantially in percentage terms but overall continue to remain small. Conversely, we find that economically efficient management can mitigate some of the adverse consequences of transfers, but not in many circumstances or by much. Management significantly reduced the water table impacts of cutbacks but not annual net benefit impacts. Neither the break-even prices nor the canal-lining impacts were altered by much. The most significant difference is that regional water users gain from water markets under efficient management. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific Alternat Asset Management, Irvine, CA USA. RP Knapp, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM keith.knapp@ucr.edu NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00162-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676RN UT WOS:000182766200001 PM 12710918 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Tweedale, WA AF Sigua, GC Tweedale, WA TI Watershed scale assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loadings in the Indian River Lagoon basin, Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; estuarine ecosystem; eutrophication; groundwater; nutrient flux; water quality ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; SEEPAGE AB There is a growing evidence that the ecological and biological integrity of the lagoon has declined during the last 50 years, probably due to the decline in water quality. Establishment of a watershed scale seagrass-based nutrient load assessment is the major aim of water. quality management in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). Best estimate loadings incorporate wet and dry deposition, surface water, groundwater, sediment nutrient flux, and point source effluent discharge data. On the average, the IRL is receiving annual external loadings of 832, 645 and 94,476 kg of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively, from stormwater discharges and agricultural runoff. The average internal cycling of TN and TP from sediment deposits in the IRL was about 42,640 kg TN and 1050 kg TP yr(-1). Indirect evidence suggests that atmospheric deposition has played a role in the ongoing nutrient enrichment in the IRL. The estimated total atmospheric deposition of TN and TP was about 32,940 and 824 kg yr(-1), while groundwater contribution was about 84,920 and 24,275 kg yr(-1) respectively,,to-the surface waters of the IRL. The estimated annual contribution of point effluent discharge was about 60,408 kg TN and 7248 kg TP. In total, the IRL basin is receiving an annual loading of about 1,053,553 kg TN and 127,873 kg TP. With these results, it is clear that the current rate of nutrient loadings is causing a shift in the primary producers of the IRL from macrophyte to phytoplankton-or algal-based system. The goal is to reverse that shift, to attain and maintain a macrophyte-based estuarine system in the IRL. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. St Johns River Waste Management Dist, Div Environm Sci, Palatka, FL 32708 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sub Trop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00220-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676RN UT WOS:000182766200007 PM 12710924 ER PT J AU Grube, RC Brennan, EB Ryder, EJ AF Grube, RC Brennan, EB Ryder, EJ TI Characterization and genetic analysis of a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) mutant, weary, that exhibits reduced gravitropic response in hypocotyls and inflorescence stems SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE amyloplast; Asteraceae; endodermis; gravitropic mutant; gravitropism; Lactuca sativa; lettuce ID STARCH-DEFICIENT MUTANTS; SHOOT GRAVITROPISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RADIAL ORGANIZATION; ENDODERMIS; MUTATIONS; PLANTS; ROOT; SGR2; LOCI AB A lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) mutant that exhibits a procumbent growth habit was identified and characterized. In two wild type (WT) genetic backgrounds, segregation patterns revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive allele at a single locus, which was designated weary. Hypocotyls and inflorescence stems of plants homozygous for the weary allele exhibited reduced gravitropic responses compared with WT plants, but roots exhibited normal gravitropism. Microscopic analysis revealed differences in the radial distribution of amyloplasts in hypocotyl and inflorescence stem cells of weary and WT plants. Amyloplasts occurred in a single layer of endodermal cells in WT hypocotyls and inflorescence stems. By contrast, amyloplasts were observed in several layers of cortical cells in weary hypocotyls, and weary inflorescence stem cells lacked amyloplasts entirely. These results are consistent with the proposed role of sedimenting amyloplasts in shoot gravitropism of higher plants. The phenotype associated with the weary mutant is similar to that described for the Arabidopsis mutant sgr1/scr, which is defective in radial patterning and gravitropism. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Grube, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RI Sideman, Rebecca/D-3549-2014 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 54 IS 385 BP 1259 EP 1268 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg135 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 665EZ UT WOS:000182107800017 PM 12654877 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, A. A. TI Agriculture in Iraq: Resources, potentials, constraints, research needs and priorities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Iraq; Agriculture; development; research needs AB The agrarian sector in Iraq witnessed a number of drastic measures during the last 40 years. Estimates of cultivable land areas vary from 5-8 million ha; however, no more than 3.5 million ha (47% irrigated and 53% dryland farming) have been actually cultivated. Renewable fresh water resources are estimated at about 2,000 m(3)/person/year; however, Iraq faces huge water problems; these are caused by geographic, topographic and management factors. Prior to 1990, Iraq produced about one-third of its annual basic food needs and spent about US$ 2 billion to import the balance of its requirements. Since then, despite emphasis on increasing food production, the country continues to face deterioration in the agricultural sector. Agricultural production remains constrained due to lack of quality seed, herbicides, insecticides, fertilizers, animal vaccines, machinery, irrigation equipment and spare parts. Moreover, water resources in the drylands are declining due to a severe drought which devastated crops on 70% of the rainfed arable land in the country. Farmers in Iraq are struggling to produce under poor environmental conditions with few tools for coping with drought, salinity, pests, and shortages of inputs and lack of appropriate technologies. Iraqi cereal production dropped sharply in the past decade due to problems with its seed multiplication system, leading to degradation of seed quality and productivity. Land degradation, salinization, and declining crop yields due to mismanagement of land resources and lack of inputs, are serious problem, especially in the irrigated lands. The country's rangelands and forest resources are deteriorating mainly as a result of overstocking what are essentially fragile ecosystems and because of deforestation for fuelwood and charcoal. The livestock sector experienced serious problems during the last decade because of shortages of feed, veterinary services and vaccines. Number of farm animals declined during the last decade, and in spite of the government's efforts to boost livestock production, meat and milk production declined by 24% during the late 1980s as compared to the 1970s. Iraq faces serious problems of environmental degradation that must be addressed immediately because failure to act now will greatly compound the cost and complexity of later remedial efforts, and because environmental degradation is beginning to pose a major threat to human well-being, especially among the poor. To deal with the multiple challenges imposed upon it by internal and external factors, the agricultural sector in Iraq has to structurally adjust itself to address socioeconomic, land-use, livestock production and feed resources, water resources, agro-ecology, environmental protection, and research and extension components in a holistic, multidisciplinary and long-term manner. C1 USDA ARS, NCSC Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCSC Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jaradat@morris.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WD UT WOS:000208574800029 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS Jemison, JM AF Liao, Ching-Hsing Honeycutt, C. Wayne Griffin, Tim S. Jemison, John M. TI Occurrence of gastrointestinal pathogens in soil of potato field treated with liquid dairy manure SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; survival; dairy manure; soil; potato contamination ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SURVIVAL; SLURRY; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; FECES AB In parallel with a study of liquid dairy manure (LDM) effects on potato (Solanum tuberosum) production, an investigation was conducted to monitor the occurrence of three major foodborne pathogens in soil amended with LDM under field conditions. LDM was added prior to planting potatoes in experimental plots (randomized complete block design, 5 replications) in 1999 and in 2000. Soil samples were collected periodically from plots treated with or without LDM and analyzed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., generic Escherichia coli, and E. coli O157:H7. In the 1999 potato-growing season, L. monocytogenes was consistently detected in LDM-treated, but not in untreated, soil samples during the first six weeks after LDM application. However, L. monocytogenes became undetectable approximately ten weeks after LDM application. A rapid decline in the number of generic E. coli, from 292 cfu g(-1) soil in June to 10 cfu g(-1) soil in July, was also observed. Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in 120 soil and potato samples analyzed. In the 2000 potato-growing season, no pathogen was detected in 60 soil and potato samples analyzed, although generic E. coli was detected once at a very low level (2 cfu g(-1) soil). This study indicates that L. monocytogenes can be present in soils during the first 40 to 70 days after LDM application. C1 [Liao, Ching-Hsing] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Honeycutt, C. Wayne; Griffin, Tim S.] ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, USDA, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Jemison, John M.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM cliao@arserrc.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WD UT WOS:000208574800039 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Lacey, Lawrence A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. TI The potential role for microbial control of orchard insect pests in sustainable agriculture SO JOURNAL OF FOOD AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Microbial control; orchard; insect pests; entomopathogens; baculovirus; fungi; Bacillus thuringiensis; codling moth; citrus root weevils; cherry fruit fly; plum curculio; Mediterranean fruit fly; navel orangeworm; leafrollers; citrus rust mite; pecan weevil AB Sustainable agriculture will rely increasingly on alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides for pest management that are environmentally friendly and reduce the amount of human contact with pesticides. Microbial control agents, i.e. insect pathogens, can provide effective control, conserve biodiversity, and serve as alternatives to chemical insecticides under several conditions. Due to their specificity for insects, insect pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes are ideal candidates for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies in orchards where their effects on other natural enemies will be minimal. There is also excellent potential for combining microbial control with other soft technologies such as mating disruption. Increased use of microbial control will depend on a variety of factors including improvements in the pathogens (virulence, formulation, delivery, etc.) and an increased awareness of their attributes by growers and the general public. In this review we provide an overview of microbial control of the key insect pests of citrus, pome fruits, stone fruits and nuts. C1 [Lacey, Lawrence A.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98908 USA. EM llacey@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 119 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU WFL PUBL PI HELSINKI PA MERI-RASTILANTIE 3 C, HELSINKI, FI-00980, FINLAND SN 1459-0255 J9 J FOOD AGRIC ENVIRON JI J. Food Agric. Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V26WD UT WOS:000208574800058 ER PT J AU Jarret, RL Perkins, B Fad, T Prince, A Guthrie, K Skoczenski, B AF Jarret, RL Perkins, B Fad, T Prince, A Guthrie, K Skoczenski, B TI Using EIA to screen Capsicum spp. germplasm for capsaicinoid content SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Capsicum; chiles; pungency; analysis; enzyme immunoassay; high-performance liquid chromatography; capsaicin ID ANNUUM L.; ENVIRONMENT; PUNGENCY; FRUITS AB An enzyme immunoassay was evaluated for its ability to quantify total capsaicinoids in fruit of 16 genotypes representing four species of Capsicum, in comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentrations of capsaicinoids in samples ranged from 5.1 to 4284 ppm, and from 0.6 to 3467 ppm, as determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and HPLC, respectively. Lowest concentrations of capsaicinoids occurred in sweet bell and pimento types (C. annuum L.), and the highest. concentration occurred in a small-fruited 'bird'-type accession of C. frutescens L. (PI 593924). Estimates of capsaicinoids obtained by EIA and HPLC were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.996). Data suggest that EIA is an effective means for estimating total capsaicinoids in extracts of fresh chile fruits. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Beacon Analyt Syst Inc, Portland, ME 04103 USA. RP Jarret, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0889-1575(02)00161-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 675BQ UT WOS:000182673500009 ER PT J AU Sharma, RR Demirci, A Beuchat, LR Fett, WF AF Sharma, RR Demirci, A Beuchat, LR Fett, WF TI Application of ozone for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on inoculated alfalfa sprouts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SEEDS; VEGETABLE SPROUTS; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; HEAT-TREATMENT; GROWTH; OUTBREAK; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY; CHLORINE AB Chemical treatments to eliminate pathogens on inoculated seed sprouts have shown little success. This study investigated the effectiveness of aqueous ozone in killing Escherichia. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa sprouts. Alfalfa sprouts inoculated with a five strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 were immersed in water containing 21 ppm ozone for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 min at 4C. To increase availability and accessibility of ozone into sprout crevices, alternative treatments with continuous ozone sparging with and without pressurization were evaluated. Ozone treated sprouts were subjected to 12 psi hydrostatic pressure with pressurized ozone gas for 5 min to aid introduction of aqueous ozone into areas where pathogens may be hidden. Immersion of inoculated alfalfa sprouts (-10(7) CFU/g) in water containing 21 ppm ozone reduced the population of E. coli O157:H7 by 0.85 log(10) CFU/g after 64 min. There were no significant differences in 10910 reductions between the ozone treatments and control or between treatment times. With the exception of 2 min treatments, continuous ozone sparging resulted in reductions of 0.83 - 2.20 log(10) CFU/g, significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) than reductions obtained by sparging with air (0.83 - 1.29 log(10) CFU/g). Application of low hydrostatic pressure (12 psi) for 5 min subsequent to continuous ozone sparging for 2 to 64 min reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 2 log(10) CFU/g. Reductions resulting from pressurized ozone treatments did not differ significantly from those resulting from unpressurized ozone treatments, except at 32 min. Ozone treatments did not exhibit a visible detrimental effect on sprout quality. Further investigation is required to develop methods applying ozone for the purpose of the contaminating sprouts and reducing health risks. Ozone exhibits the potential for successful post harvest treatment of sprouts and also to replace other chemical treatments currently being used in the seed sprout industry. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Life Sci Consortium, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Demirci, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD APR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2003.tb00500.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 669DL UT WOS:000182336600005 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Kozempel, MF AF Geveke, DJ Kozempel, MF TI Pulsed electric field effects on bacteria and yeast cells SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATION AB Cell suspensions of yeasts and bacteria in the exponential growth phase were subjected to pulsed electric fields of 12.5 kV/cm intensity to study inactivation. Up to 20 pulses of 0.3 ms duration were applied at a maximum temperature of 30C The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida stellata were reduced by >3 log. These reductions were due to nonthermal effects. Reductions of approximately 1 log or less were obtained for the bacteria Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. However, by acidifying the L. innocua suspension from pH 6.6 to 3.8, a 3 log reduction was achieved. In contrast, acidification of the E. coli suspension had no effect on inactivation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD APR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2003.tb00501.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 669DL UT WOS:000182336600006 ER PT J AU Murphy, RY Duncan, LK Driscoll, KH Beard, BL Berrang, MB Marcy, JA AF Murphy, RY Duncan, LK Driscoll, KH Beard, BL Berrang, MB Marcy, JA TI Determination of thermal lethality of Listeria monocytogenes in fully cooked chicken breast fillets and strips during postcook in-package pasteurization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PATTIES; STEAM; HEAT; PROTEINS; INNOCUA AB Fully cooked chicken breast fillets and strips were surface inoculated with a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes culture. The inoculation level was 10(7) to 10(8) CFU/g meat. The inoculated products were vacuum packaged and pasteurized at 90degreesC with a pilot-scale steam or hot water cooker. After heat treatment, the survivors of L. monocytogenes were enumerated. No significant difference was found on survivors of L. monocytogenes between steam- and hot water-treated products. To achieve a 7-log(10) (CFU/g) reduction, approximately 5, 25, and 35 min were needed for single-packaged fillets, 227-g package strips, and 454-g strips, respectively. The results from this study were subsequently verified by a computer model that could predict the thermal lethality of pathogens in fully cooked meat and poultry products during postcook in-package pasteurization. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Math Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Murphy, RY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 578 EP 583 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900006 PM 12696679 ER PT J AU Wallace, FM Call, JE Porto, ACS Cocoma, GJ Luchansky, JB AF Wallace, FM Call, JE Porto, ACS Cocoma, GJ Luchansky, JB CA ERRC Special Projects Team TI Recovery rate of Listeria monocytogenes from commercially prepared frankfurters during extended refrigerated storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PATHOGEN; POULTRY; MEAT AB To assess the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-sealed packages of frankfurters, about 33,000 packages (1 lb each) were obtained by a third-party contractor from 12 volunteer commercial manufacturers over a 2-year period. The 12 producers, each of which contributed about 2,700 packages of frankfurters from one production run, comprised 9 large and 3 small plants located in eight U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) districts in 10 states. Five days after manufacture, 500 packages-were sampled at the USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) in Wyndmoor, Pa., by the USDA/ARS package rinse method. At regular intervals during subsequent storage at 4 and 10degreesC, an additional 200 packages Were tested for the pathogen at each sampling point. From a statistical perspective, L. monocytogenes was not recovered from any of the products of nine of the producers, whereas the pathogen was recovered at rates of 1.5% (plant 367), 2.2% (plant 439), and 16% (plant 133) from the products of the remaining three plants. In total, 532 of 32,800 (1.6%) packages of frankfurters tested positive for the pathogen. The recovery rates did not change appreciably over time, there was no appreciable difference in L. monocytogenes recovery rates with respect to frankfurter storage temperature (4 or 10degreesC), and the seasonality of manufacture had no influence on recovery rate. Molecular subtyping of multiple L. monocytogenes-positive isolates from each plant revealed that profile A (serotype 1/2a) was displayed by about 90% of the 1,105 isolates-tested. However, in some cases it was also possible to recover more than one profile from a given plant. This study provides estimates of the prevalence, types; and viability of L. monocytogenes associated with commercially prepared frankfurters during extended refrigerated storage. C1 ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Profess Resource Org, Edmond, OK 73003 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 584 EP 591 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900007 PM 12696680 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Incubation of supplemented egg contents pools to support rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; LIQUID WHOLE EGG; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPE-4; CONTAMINATION; RECOVERY; STRAINS; ELISA; LAID AB Detecting internal contamination of eggs with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is an important aspect of efforts to identify infected laying flocks. When egg contents pools are tested for Salmonella Enteritidis, a preliminary incubation step is often employed to allow small initial populations of contaminants to multiply to more easily detectable numbers. Consistent detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg pools by direct plating requires the presence of at least 10(5) CFU/ml, whereas some very rapid methods can require as many as 10(7) CFU/ml. The present study determined the rates at which initial inocula of approximately 10 Salmonella Enteritidis cells multiplied in 10-egg pools, some of which were supplemented with concentrated nonselective enrichment broth or with a source of iron. At 37degreesC, Salmonella Enteritidis concentrations in supplemented egg pools usually reached 10(5) CFU/ml within 12 h and 10(7) CFU/ml by 12 to 15 h of incubation. At 25degreesC, Salmonella Enteritidis concentrations in supplemented egg pools typically attained 10(5) CFU/ml by 18 to 27 h and 10(7) CFU/ml by 27 to 36 h of incubation. At both temperatures, Salmonella Enteritidis multiplication was significantly slower in unsupplemented pools. Accordingly, the length of incubation time necessary for consistent detection of small numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg contents pools depends on the incubation temperature used, on whether the egg pools are supplemented to increase the rate of bacterial multiplication, and on the sensitivity of subsequent tests applied to the incubated pools. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 656 EP 659 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900018 PM 12696691 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Anderson, RC Byrd, JA Edrington, TS Moore, RW Callaway, TR McReynolds, J Nisbet, DJ AF Jung, YS Anderson, RC Byrd, JA Edrington, TS Moore, RW Callaway, TR McReynolds, J Nisbet, DJ TI Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in experimentally challenged broilers by nitrate adaptation and chlorate supplementation in drinking water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SODIUM-CHLORATE; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; DIETARY NITRATE; GUT; POULTRY; DT104 AB The effects of two feed supplements on Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of market-age broilers were determined. Broilers orally challenged 6 days before slaughter with a novobiocin- and nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were divided into one of four groups (20 birds each). The first group (the control group) received no treatment, the second group received sodium nitrate (SN) treatment (574 mg of NaNO3 per kg of feed), the third group received experimental chlorate product (ECP) treatment (15 mM NaClO3 equivalents), and the fourth group received ECP treatment in combination with SN treatment. The SN treatment was administered via feed for 5 days immediately before slaughter, and ECP was provided via ad libitum access to drinking water for the last 2 days before slaughter. Cecal contents. were subjected to bacterial analysis. Significant (P < 0.05) Salmonella Typhimurium reductions (ca. 2 log units) relative to levels for untreated control broilers were observed for broilers receiving ECP in combination with SN. The ECP-only treatment resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reductions (ca. 0.8 log) of Salmonella Typhimurium in trial 2. We hypothesize that increasing Salmonella Typhimurium nitrate reductase activity resulted in increased enzymatic reduction of chlorate to chlorite, with a concomitant decrease in cecal Salmonella Typhimurium levels. On the basis of these results, preadaptation with SN followed by ECP supplementation immediately preharvest could be a potential strategy for the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 660 EP 663 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900019 PM 12696692 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Juneja, VK AF Huang, LH Juneja, VK TI Thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ground beef supplemented with sodium lactate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate (NaL) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 93% lean ground beef. Samples inoculated with a mixture of four strains of E. coli O157:H7 (10(7) to 10(8) CFU/g) were subjected to immersion heating in a water bath stabilized at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, or 65degreesC. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the heating temperature was the only factor affecting the decimal reduction times (D-values) of E. coli O157:H7 in 93% lean ground beef. The change in temperature required to change the D-value (the z-value) was determined as 7.6degreesC. The thermal resistance of this organism was neither affected by the addition of NaL nor by the interactions between NaL and temperature. Adding NaL to ground beef to reduce the thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7 is therefore not recommended. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 664 EP 667 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900020 PM 12696693 ER PT J AU Niemira, BA Sommers, CH Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB AF Niemira, BA Sommers, CH Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB TI Formulation of soy-based RTE foods influences radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes and postirradiation product sensory properties SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-CONCENTRATE; ANTIOXIDANT POWER; BEEF BOLOGNA; MEAT AB Ionizing radiation can eliminate pathogenic bacteria from ready-to-eat (RTE) food products. An outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes was irradiated after inoculation onto (1) three meatless, soy-based frankfurter products ("Soy1", "Soy2", ''Soy3''), (2) soy-based tofu (''Tofu'') and (3) a beef frankfurter product (''Beef''). The D, was significantly influenced by the substrate: Beef (0.622 kGy) = Tofu (0.622 kGy) < Soy2 (0.680 kGy) = Soy3 (0.695 kGy) < Soy1 (0.761 kGy). The antioxidant strength of the products also varied significantly, but was not correlated with the D-10 values obtained To determine the sensory impact of irradiation, the products were treated with 1.5 kGy or 3.2 kGy, doses equivalent to 1.9-2.4 or 4.2-5.1 log(10) reductions, respectively. These doses significantly decreased redness in Beef and Soy2, and significantly increased redness in Soy3. The maximum shear force of Beef and Soy1 was significantly decreased following irradiation. Product formulation was found to be key in determining the product response to irradiation. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Niemira, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00350.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 673YT UT WOS:000182609400004 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Golden, MH AF Whiting, RC Golden, MH TI Modeling temperature, pH, NaCl, nitrite and lactate on the survival of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in broth SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE CIDER; NONTHERMAL INACTIVATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ACID TOLERANCE; GROUND-BEEF; DRY SAUSAGE; GROWTH; STORAGE; CHEESE AB A model was developed to estimate the survival times for a four-strain cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in BHI broths with pH values from 3.5 to 7.0, NaCl from 0.5 to 15%, Na lactate from 0.0 to 2.0% and NaNO2 from 0 to 75 ppm. Broths were stored between 4 and 37C for up to 6 months. Samples were removed and enumerated at appropriate intervals. A primary level model with a shoulder period (no decline) and a subsequent log-linear decline was fitted to the survival data and the times for 3, 4, 5, and 6 log(10)-units of decline determined A secondary level second-order regression equation with the environmental conditions and declines being the independent variables was fitted to the survival times. Confidence limits about the estimated mean were also estimated. In foods with equivalent conditions that do not permit E. coli O157:H7 growth, this model provides an initial estimate of the survival times. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00352.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 673YT UT WOS:000182609400006 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Watson, MA AF Lamikanra, O Watson, MA TI Temperature and storage duration effects on esterase activity in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shelf life; fruit; minimally processed; esters; flavor ID PURIFICATION; AMINOPEPTIDASE; PEROXIDASE; STRESS; FRUITS; ACID AB The effect of storage time and temperature (4 degreesC or 15 degreesC) on esterase (ES) activity in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud) was determined. Enzymatic activity, after 24 h in storage, was reduced by 40% and 10% in fruit stored at 4 degreesC and 15 degreesC, respectively. The ES in cantaloupe melon was determined to be carboxylesterase with 2 isozymes (pI = 6.1 and pI = 9.5) and low thermal stability. Pectin methyl esterase activity in cut fruit also decreased by about 25% at both temperatures after 24 h, but greatly increased after 72 h only in 15 degreesC stored fruit. ES in cantaloupe melon appears to be regulated by metalloproteases, presumably metallo-exoproteases. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 790 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08243.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 672UM UT WOS:000182541300010 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Walker, PN Sites, JE Annous, BA Eblen, DR AF Sapers, GM Walker, PN Sites, JE Annous, BA Eblen, DR TI Vapor-phase decontamination of apples inoculated with Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE E. coli; decontamination; vapor-phase; acetic acid; hydrogen peroxide; chlorine dioxide ID PREVENT POSTHARVEST DECAY; CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS; GASEOUS ACETIC-ACID; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM L.; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TABLE GRAPES; FUMIGATION; REDUCTION; O157-H7; DISINFECTION AB Improved methods of decontaminating apples containing human pathogens are required. In this study, applic(a)tion of gaseous antimicrobial agents was investigated. An apparatus, which transfers vapor from hot anitmicrobial solutions to a treatment vessel, was evaluated with Golden Delicious apples inoculated with E. coli. Vapor from glacial acetic acid at 60 degreesC provided population reductions exceeding 3.5 log(10)CFU/g but induced discoloration. Vapor from heated hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide solutions gave reductions less than or equal to 2 logs. However, chlorine dioxide gas, applied at 20 degreesC in an airtight container, achieved a 4.5 log reduction, with minimal quality loss. Reductions achieved with this treatment greatly exceed those obtained by other decontamination methods for raw commodities. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1007 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08278.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 672UM UT WOS:000182541300045 ER PT J AU McPherson, EG AF McPherson, EG TI Urban forestry - The final frontier? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE silviculture; wildland-urban interface AB Forestry and urban forestry have more in common than practitioners in either field may think. The two disciplines could each take better advantage of the other's expertise, such as foresters' impressive range of scientific theory and technological sophistication, and urban foresters' experience in working with diverse stakeholders in the public arena. The wildland-urban interface is geographic center of convergence, and the nexus of forest ecology and human ecology will become forestry's next frontier-where forestry and urban forestry join together to construct healthier habitats for humans. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn,Ctr Urban Forest Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McPherson, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn,Ctr Urban Forest Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 657BH UT WOS:000181645200007 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Kellison, RC Broerman, FS Jones, SB AF Stanturf, JA Kellison, RC Broerman, FS Jones, SB TI Productivity of southern pine plantations - Where are we and how did we get here? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE economics; plantations; silviculture; timber markets ID MANAGEMENT AB The productivity and extensiveness of southern forests in general,and pine plantations in particular, has placed the South at the forefront of production forestry in the United States. That industrial loblolly pine plantations are very productive is a result of researchers and managers developing and applying increasingly intensive silvicultural practices. Our estimates of the percentage of productivity gains attributable to improvements made in. individual management practices are based on our collective experience, anecdotal information, and discussions with knowledgeable colleagues. Such informed judgments are based on potential productivity revealed by designed experiments coupled with estimates of how well technology has been implemented. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Off Extens & Engagement, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR-MAY PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 657BH UT WOS:000181645200008 ER PT J AU Strait, RT Morris, SC Smiley, K Urban, JF Finkelman, FD AF Strait, RT Morris, SC Smiley, K Urban, JF Finkelman, FD TI IL-4 exacerbates anaphylaxis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; B-CELLS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; IFN-GAMMA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; NEMATODE INFECTIONS; DEFICIENT MICE AB We evaluated whether IL-4, a cytokine critical for inducing allergic responses, also contributes to the effector phase of allergy: Pretreatment of mice with IL-4 or the related cytokine, IL-13, rapidly and dramatically increased the severity of anaphylaxis induced by cross-linking FcepsilonRI or FcgammaRIII. This effect was inhibited by endogenously produced IFN-gamma, was T cell-, B cell-, and common gamma-chain-independent, and required IL-4Ralpha and Stat6. IL-4Ralpha signaling also enhanced anaphylaxis in mice infected with a nematode parasite that stimulates IL-4/IL-13 production. IL-4 exacerbated anaphylaxis by acting synergistically with vasoactive mediators to increase vascular permeability. Synergy between IL-4 and vasoactive mediators during the effector phase of allergic inflammation may both contribute to allergic immunopathology and enhance protective immunity against gastrointestinal worms. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. USDA, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Finkelman, FD (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, 3200 Vine St, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. EM ffinkelman@pol.net OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI35987, K08 AI50006, R01 AI45766] NR 56 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 170 IS 7 BP 3835 EP 3842 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 659AL UT WOS:000181754100048 PM 12646651 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Giovanni, A Schaefer, EJ Brown, BG Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, NR Giovanni, A Schaefer, EJ Brown, BG Lichtenstein, AH TI Impact of simvastatin, niacin, and/or antioxidants on cholesterol metabolism in CAD patients with low HDL SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE desmosterol; lathosterol; campesterol; beta-sitosterol; cholesterol synthesis; cholesterol absorption; statins; niacin; coronary artery disease ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SERUM PLANT STEROLS; HMG-COA REDUCTASE; HEART-DISEASE; NONCHOLESTEROL STEROLS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; VITAMIN-E AB The HDL Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (HATS) demonstrated a clinical benefit in coronary artery disease patients with low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels treated with simvastatin and niacin (S-N) or S-N plus antioxidants (S-N+A) compared with antioxidants alone or placebo. Angiographically documented stenosis regressed in the S-N group but progressed in all other groups. To assess the mechanism(s) responsible for these observations, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis were measured in a subset of 123 HATS participants at 24 months (on treatment) and at 38 months (off treatment). Treatment with S-N reduced desmosterol and lathosterol levels (cholesterol synthesis indicators) 46% and 36% (P < 0.05), respectively, and elevated campesterol and beta-sitosterol levels (cholesterol absorption indicators) 70% and 59% (P < 0.05), respectively, relative to placebo and antioxidant but not S-N+A. Treatment with antioxidants alone had no significant effect. Combining S-N with antioxidants reduced desmosterol and lathosterol by 37% and 31%, and elevated campesterol and P-sitosterol levels by 54% and 46%, but differences did not attain significance. Mean change in percent stenosis was positively associated with a percent change in lathosterol (r = 0.26, P < 0.005) and negatively associated with a percent change in beta-sitosterol (r = -0.21, P < 0.01).jlr These data suggest that changes in stenosis were attributable, in part, to changes in cholesterol metabolism. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Washington, Div Cardiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL-49546]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 17047, DK 35816]; PHS HHS [M01 00037] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1194/jlr.M200439-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 667DA UT WOS:000182214500016 PM 12562840 ER PT J AU Kuczynska, E Boyer, DG Shelton, DR AF Kuczynska, E Boyer, DG Shelton, DR TI Comparison of immunofluorescence assay and immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence in detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in karst water samples SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; detection; IFA; electrochemiluminescence; karst water ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; GIARDIA CYSTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SEPARATION; SUPPLIES; FECES AB Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunomagneticelectrochemiluminescence (IM-ECL) were used for comparison of the percent recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental water samples obtained from a spring draining a karst basin. The monoclonal antibodies to C. parvum, isotype IgG3 were used for optimization of the IM-ECL protocol. The combination of biotinylated and TAG-labeled anti-C. parvum antibodies with the streptavidin beads gave a linear regression slope for log ECL vs. log fresh oocysts of 0.79 (from 5 to 5000 oocysts), which indicates a constant ECL signal per oocyst. Standard curves gave a dynamic range of 5 to 5000 oocysts/ml (fresh) and 10 to 100,000 cells/ml (4-month-old oocysts) with the maximum limit of linear detection higher than 100,000. The linear slope of 4-month-old oocysts decreased to 0.62, which indicates that ECL signal is a function of oocyst age. The experiment associated with bead storage time shows that even after 4 months of storage of the biotinylated antibodies, the complex retains the ability for binding the oocysts and generating the ECL signal. Based on the IFA results in the experiment evaluating different protocols for oocysts recovery from karst water samples, the most efficient protocol involved dispersion, followed by flotation and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (24% recovery). The ECL results obtained in that experiment were very similar to the results obtained in the IFA method, which indicates that the IM-ECL method is accurate. Results of the IFA in the study of the prevalence of C. parvum in the groundwater showed that oocysts were present in 78% of 1 L water samples with average number of oocysts of 6.4 +/- 5.5 and ranged from 0 (13 samples) to 23.3 (2 samples). The ECL signal generated from these water samples ranged from 3771 to 622 (average 1620 465). However, the background value estimated in groundwater samples with low number of oocysts detected by IFA was highly variable and elevated (from 3702 to 272, average 1503 +/- 475). The background value as a result of nonspecific binding to beads by unidentified organic components in the water can inhibit or even completely mask the signal generated by oocysts. Our investigations showed that the IM-ECL method appears to be promising for the qualitative and quantitative detection of C parvum from the environmental water; however, the method requires further development to improve sensitivity and account for background signals. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, EAST, Anim Waste Pathogens Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00211-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00211-7 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 654KQ UT WOS:000181496400003 PM 12609719 ER PT J AU Brewster, JD AF Brewster, JD TI A simple micro-growth assay for enumerating bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; enumeration; counting AB A simple method for nonspecific determination of bacteria concentrations in a variety of liquid samples was developed. The assay was based on the time required for a sample grown in liquid media to reach a threshold turbidity. Samples were combined with media in a covered 96-well microwell plate and the turbidity was monitored in real time as the bacteria grew in a temperature-control led plate reader. A significant problem with growth in microwells was condensation on the cover, which prevented accurate turbidity measurement. This problem was overcome by coating the cover with a small amount of surface-active agent. Salmonella and E. coli concentrations could be determined with a relative error of approximately 20% at levels from 10 to 10(6) cells/ml (eight replicates). An assay of 10 samples with standards required 10 min to set up and 20 min for data processing using a computer spreadsheet program. Growth time at 37 degreesC ranged from 4 h for samples at 10(7) cells/ml to 16 h for samples at 10 cells/ml. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19038 USA. RP Brewster, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00226-9 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00226-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 654KQ UT WOS:000181496400010 PM 12609726 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Lykken, GI Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Lykken, GI Hunt, JR TI Controlled high meat diets do not affect calcium retention or indices of bone status in healthy postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium; meat protein; postmenopausal; osteoporosis; renal acid ID PROTEIN-INDUCED HYPERCALCIURIA; YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; PHOSPHORUS INTAKE; ANIMAL PROTEIN; HIP FRACTURE; RENAL ACID; LEVEL; OSTEOPOROSIS; METABOLISM AB Calcium balance is decreased by an increased intake of purified proteins, although the effects of common dietary sources of protein (like meat) on calcium economy remain controversial. We compared the effects of several weeks of controlled high and low meat diets on body calcium retention, using sensitive radiotracer and whole body scintillation counting methodology. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 15) consumed diets with similar calcium content (similar to600 mg), but either low or high in meat (12 vs. 20% of energy as protein) for 8 wk each, in a randomized crossover design. After 4 wk of equilibration of each diet, calcium retention was measured by extrinsically labeling the 2-d menu with Ca-47, followed by whole body scintillation counting for 28 d. Urinary and blood indicators of bone metabolism were also determined for each diet. Calcium retention was not different during the high and low meat dietary periods (d 28, mean +/- pooled SD: 17.1 and 15.6%, +/- 0.6%, respectively; P = 0.09). An initially higher renal acid excretion in subjects consuming the high meat compared with the low meat diet decreased significantly with time. The diets did not affect urinary calcium loss or indicators of bone metabolism. In conclusion, under controlled conditions, a high meat compared with a low meat diet for 8 wk did not affect calcium retention or biomarkers of bone metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women. Calcium retention is not reduced when subjects consume a high protein diet from common dietary sources such as meat. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 58 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1026 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 663ZF UT WOS:000182036700007 PM 12672913 ER PT J AU Edwards, AJ Vinyard, BT Wiley, ER Brown, ED Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Baker, RA Clevidence, BA AF Edwards, AJ Vinyard, BT Wiley, ER Brown, ED Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Baker, RA Clevidence, BA TI Consumption of watermelon juice increases plasma concentrations of lycopene and beta-carotene in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Federation-of-American-Societies-for-Expertimental-Biology (FASEB) CY 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Federat Amer Soc Exptl Biol DE lycopene; beta-carotene; bioavailability; watermelon; tomato ID LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; PROCESSED TOMATO; PROSTATE-CANCER; HEALTHY-MEN; IN-VITRO; ABSORPTION; VEGETABLES; RETINOL AB Watermelon is a rich natural source of lycopene, a carotenoid of great interest because of its antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits. Assessment of bioavailability of lycopene from foods has been limited to tomato products, in which heat processing promotes lycopene bioavailability. We examined the bioavailability of lycopene from fresh-frozen watermelon juice in a 19-wk crossover study. Healthy, nonsmoking adults (36-69 y) completed three 3-wk treatment periods, each with a controlled, weight-maintenance diet. Treatment periods were preceded by "washout" periods of 2-4 wk during which lycopene-rich foods were restricted. All 23 subjects consumed the W-20 (20.1 mg/d lycopene, 2.5 mg/d beta-carotene from watermelon juice) and C-0 treatments (controlled diet, no juice). As a third treatment, subjects consumed either the W-40 (40.2 mg/d lycopene, 5.0 mg/d beta-carotene from watermelon juice, n = 12) or T-20 treatment (18.4 mg/d lycopene, 0.6 mg/d beta-carotene from tomato juice, n = 10). After 3 wk of treatment, plasma lycopene concentrations for the W-20, W-40, T-20 and C-0 treatments were (least squares means +/- SEM) 1078 +/- 106, 1183 +/- 139, 960 +/- 117 and 272 +/- 27 nmol/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene were significantly greater after W-20 (574 +/- 49 nmol/L) and W-40 (694 +/- 7 nmol/L) treatments than after the C-0 treatment (313 +/- 27 nmol/L). Plasma lycopene concentrations did not differ at wk 3 after W-20, W-40 and T-20 treatments, indicating that lycopene was bioavailable from both fresh-frozen watermelon juice and canned tomato juice, and that a dose-response effect was not apparent in plasma when the watermelon dose was doubled. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Clevidence, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 58 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1050 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 663ZF UT WOS:000182036700010 PM 12672916 ER PT J AU Chiang, EPI Bagley, PJ Roubenoff, R Nadeau, M Selhub, J AF Chiang, EPI Bagley, PJ Roubenoff, R Nadeau, M Selhub, J TI Plasma pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate concentration is correlated with functional vitamin B-6 indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and marginal vitamin B-6 status SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-19, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE rheumatoid arthritis; pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate; methionine load; tryptophan load; xanthurenic acid ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; URINARY 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID; PROTEIN DIET; HOMOCYSTEINE; REQUIREMENTS; ASSOCIATION; HUMANS; FORMS; CELL AB Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have low plasma pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP) but a normal erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (a EAST), a measure of vitamin B-6 status in the erythrocytes, compared with healthy subjects. The goal of the present study was to examine the correlations of PLP levels in these two compartments (plasma and erythrocytes) with other established indices of vitamin B-6 status, and to determine which indicator better reflects functional status of vitamin B-6 in patients with RA. Multiple indices of vitamin B-6 status were measured in 33 patients with RA. Plasma PLP, urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), net increase in plasma total homocysteine after a methionine load (DeltatHcy) and net increase in urinary xanthurenic acid after a tryptophan load (DeltaXA) were log-transformed to reach normality for statistical analyses. We found that log-plasma PLP levels were inversely correlated with both log-DeltatHcy (r = -0.368, P = 0.035) and log-DeltaXA (r = -0.333, P = 0.05). Plasma PLP was not correlated with a EAST or urinary 4-PA excretion. In contrast, erythrocyte PLP was inversely correlated with a EAST (r = -0.431, P = 0.012) and positively correlated with log-4-PA (r = 0.475, P = 0.005), but erythrocyte PLP was not correlated with the outcomes of a methionine or tryptophan load test. Erythrocyte PLP and log-4-PA, but not plasma PLP, were correlated with dietary intake of vitamin B-6 after adjusting for protein intake (r = 0.420, P = 0.015 and r = 0.333, P = 0.05, respectively). We-suggest that in patients with RA, plasma PLP levels are a better diagnostic indicator of functional vitamin B-6 status than erythrocyte PLP levels. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Exercise Physiol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00054] NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1056 EP 1059 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 663ZF UT WOS:000182036700012 PM 12672918 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Friso, S Dolnikowski, GG Bagley, PJ Edmondson, AN Smith, DE Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Friso, S Dolnikowski, GG Bagley, PJ Edmondson, AN Smith, DE Mason, JB TI Biochemical and molecular aberrations in the rat colon due to folate depletion are age-specific SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Digestive Disease Week/101st Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association CY MAY 21-24, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc DE folate; colon cancer; aging; rats; uracil misincorporation ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; DIETARY-FOLATE; FOLIC-ACID; URACIL MISINCORPORATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VITRO; COLORECTAL ADENOMA AB Elder adulthood and diminished folate status are each associated with an enhanced risk of colorectal carcinogenesis. We therefore examined whether these two factors are mechanistically related. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 44) and 1-y-old rats (n = 44) were each divided into three groups and fed diets containing 0, 4.5 or 18 mumol folic acid/kg (deplete, replete and supplemented groups, respectively). Rats were killed at 0, 8 and 20 wk. The folate concentrations, the distribution of the different coenzymatic forms of folate, uracil incorporation into DNA and genomic DNA methylation were measured in the colonic mucosa. Folate-deplete and folate-replete elder rats had 30-45% lower colonic folate concentrations than young rats. Furthermore, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was uniformly depleted in colons of the elder, folate-deplete rats, whereas this depletion occurred in only a minority of the younger rats. By the end of the experiment, the folate-deplete and folate-replete elder rats had similar to50% more uracil incorporated into their colonic DNA than the corresponding young groups (P < 0.05). In elder rats, this uracil misincorporation was incremental across the three diet groups (P-test for trend < 0.05), whereas no excess uracil incorporation was observed in young rats. Neither age nor dietary folate affected genomic DNA methylation in the colon. In conclusion, the colon of elder rats is more susceptible to biochemical and molecular consequences of folate depletion than that of young rats. However, folate supplementation is as effective at sustaining adequate colonic folate status in elder rats as it is in the young. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Pharm, Buffalo, NY USA. Univ Verona, Policlin GB Rossi, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA59005-05S1] NR 69 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1206 EP 1212 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 663ZF UT WOS:000182036700038 PM 12672944 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Davis, CD Finley, JW AF Zeng, HW Davis, CD Finley, JW TI Effect of selenium-enriched broccoli diet on differential gene expression in min mouse liver SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE selenium; broccoli; min mouse; regulatory element; gene array; nuclear protein ID COLON-CANCER; CELLS; RATS; TRICHOSTATIN; MUTATION AB Multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice are a good model for investigating the effects of dietary alterations in a genetic model for intestinal cancer. Previous studies have shown that selenium-enriched broccoli effectively reduces colon cancer susceptibility. Although colon cancer cells mainly metastasize to the liver, little is known about the effects of selenium-enriched broccoli on gene expression in mouse liver. To better understand the protective role for selenium-enriched broccoli in tumorigenesis, a gene profile of the mouse liver was analyzed. Mice were fed either 0.11 mg selenium/kg control diet or 2.1 mg selenium/kg selenobroccoli diets for 10 weeks. Use of mouse pathway finder-1 GEArrays revealed that selenium-enriched broccoli moderately increased ikBalphakappaB, hsp86, gadd45 gene transcripts. In addition, analysis of the binding of liver nuclear proteins to P-32-labeled probes demonstrated that selenium-enriched broccoli enhanced the binding of transcription factor p53, NFkappaB, AP-1 to their cis-acting elements. Collectively, these results suggest for the first time that selenium-enriched broccoli activates certain pro-apoptotic genes linked to p53, NFkappaB and stress signal pathways in response to "danger signals" such as tumorigenesis. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00005-6 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 686GZ UT WOS:000183314200006 PM 12770647 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG AF Reeves, PG TI Patterns of food intake and self-selection of macronutrients in rats during short-term deprivation of dietary zinc SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anorexia; cholecystokinin; food intake; neuropeptide Y; leptin; protein; fat; carbohydrate; zinc; rat ID HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; DEFICIENT RATS; MEGESTROL-ACETATE; ENDOGENOUS OPIATES; PLASMA LEPTIN; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PROTEIN AB Although it has been known for more than 50 years that zinc (Zn) deficiency regularly and consistently causes anorexia in many animal species, the basic mechanism(s) that cause this phenomenon still remain(s) an enigma. The following studies describe feeding behavior in the early stages of zinc deficiency in the rat model. In one experiment, we used computerized feeding monitors that measured the intake of individual rats at 10-min intervals over 24-hr periods. Male rats were acclimated to the cages and fed a Zn-adequate egg-white-based diet, or a similar diet with <1.0 mg Zn/kg. Food intake was monitored for seven, consecutive 24-hr periods. The 24-hr food intake pattern of the Zn-deprived rats did not differ from the controls; they simply ate less food, mainly during the night hours, with no differences between groups during the day. Although Zn-deprived rats ate less food than controls, the percentage of total diet consumed during night and day did not differ between groups. In another experiment, we simultaneously offered male rats three isocaloric diets with different macronutrient compositions and with or without adequate Zn, and measured the amount of each diet selected during seven, 24-hr periods. The three diets contained either 57% protein from egg white, 30% fat from soybean oil, or 80% carbohydrate from a combination of starch, hydrolyzed starch, and sucrose. For the first four days on experiment, rats selected similar amounts of each diet. Then the Zn-deprived rats began to select only 50% as much of the protein diet as the controls. Similar results were obtained when the data were expressed on the basis of each macronutrient as a percentage of the total diet selected. Zn-deprived rats selected a diet that contained 8% protein, 73% carbohydrate, and 6% fat while the Zn-adequate rats selected 12% protein, 69% carbohydrate, and 6% fat. Fat intake was not affected by Zn-deprivation. The results confirm our previous findings, and are discussed in terms of Zn-deprivation blunting the pathways of signal transduction that involve the peptide hormones known to affect food intake regulation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 232 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00006-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 686GZ UT WOS:000183314200007 PM 12770648 ER PT J AU Chen, WX Harp, JA Harmsen, AG AF Chen, WX Harp, JA Harmsen, AG TI Cryptosporidium parvum infection in gene-targeted B cell-deficient mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTIC AGENTS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; LYMPHOCYTES-T; MOUSE MODEL; NUDE-MICE; RESOLUTION; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODIES; AIDS AB The importance of B cells in host resistance to, and recovery from, Cryptosporidium parvum infection was examined in gene-targeted B cell-deficient (muMT-/-) mice. Neonatal muMT-/- mice infected with C. parvum at 5 days of age completely cleared the infection by day 20 PI. The kinetics of infection and clearance were similar to those seen with age-matched C57BL/6 control mice. Furthermore, B cells were not required to clear existing C. parvum infection in adult mice. Reconstitution of persistently infected Rag-1-/- adult mice with spleen cells from muMT-/- donor mice resulted in significant reduction of infection, as in the results seen with spleen cells from C57BL6 donors. These findings indicate clearly that B cells are not essential for host resistance to, and recovery from, C. parvum infection in mice. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Diseases Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Chen, WX (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 391 EP 393 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0391:CPIIGB]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 672RP UT WOS:000182535500032 PM 12760662 ER PT J AU da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Lehman, T Dubey, JP AF da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Lehman, T Dubey, JP TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in chickens from an area in southern Brazil highly endemic to humans SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; OOCYSTS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens from Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was examined to evaluate environmental contamination by oocysts. Antibodies against T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) in sera of chickens. Antibodies against the parasite were found in 129 of 198 chickens with MAT titers greater than or equal to1:25. Brains and hearts of 86 of the 198 chickens were bioassayed in mice for the presence of T. gondii. Viable parasites were isolated from 61 (70.9%) of the 86 chickens. Importantly, viable T. gondii were recovered even from seronegative chickens (MAT titer less than or equal to1:10). The distribution of parasite-positive chickens by MAT titer was 4 of 17 (titer less than or equal to1:10), 3 of 4 (titer of 1: 20), 2 of 6 (titer of 1:40), and 52 of 59 (titer greater than or equal to1:80). Thus, the high recovery rate of T. gondii observed in mice is indicative of high levels of environmental contamination of free-range chickens by T. gondii oocysts in this area that is endemic to humans. C1 Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotechnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28013600 Goytacazes, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bahia-Oliveira, LMG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 394 EP 396 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0394:POTGIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 672RP UT WOS:000182535500034 PM 12760664 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Rosenthal, BM Thomas, NJ AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Rosenthal, BM Thomas, NJ TI Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICAN OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIS-ALBIVENTRIS; NEURONA; BRAZIL; INFECTION; NEREIS AB The number of Sarcocystis species that infect sea otters (Enhydra lutris) is unknown. Sea otter tissues were recently shown to harbor sarcocysts of S. neurona and of unidentified species of Sarcocystis. Whereas sarcocysts of S. neurona have walls 1-3 mum thick with type 9 villar protrusions, ultrastructure of a distinct thin-walled sarcocyst (0.5-0.7 mum thick) lacking villar protrusions, but instead exhibiting minute type I undulations on the sarcocyst wall, is described in this report. Parasites characterized from a sea otter infection were inferred to be related to, but distinct from, other species belonging to Sarcocystis, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the beta subunit of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase gene. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Interior, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Syst Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0397:SOAUSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 672RP UT WOS:000182535500035 PM 12760665 ER PT J AU Grieve, CM Wang, D Shannon, MC AF Grieve, CM Wang, D Shannon, MC TI Salinity and irrigation method affect mineral ion relations of soybean SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chloride; drip irrigation; foliar absorption; ion exclusion; sodium; sprinkler irrigation ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; SALT TOLERANCE; CHLORIDE; FOLIAR; CULTIVARS; BARLEY; SODIUM; ROOT; ACCUMULATION; ABSORPTION AB Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above-canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar "Manokin". Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 (1 : 1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (ECi) of 4 dS m(-1) were compared with nonsaline controls (ECi = 0.5 dS m(-1)). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na+ and Cl- were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip-irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by sprinkling, the ions entered leaves by both foliar absorption and root uptake and their concentrations in the leaves were about 9-fold higher than in those under saline drip irrigation. Regardless of treatment, leaf-K was highest during the vegetative stage, then decreased with plant age as K+ was mobilized to meet nutrient demands of the developing reproductive structures. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA USA. RP Grieve, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM cgrieve@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1081/PLN-120018573 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658ZT UT WOS:000181752000014 ER PT J AU Heitholt, JJ Sloan, JJ MacKown, CT Cabrera, RI AF Heitholt, JJ Sloan, JJ MacKown, CT Cabrera, RI TI Soybean growth on calcareous soil as affected by three iron sources SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE chlorosis; critical level; fertility; micronutrient; yield; alkaline pH; chelates; Glycine max L. Merr ID DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; MANGANESE; COPPER; ZINC AB Iron (Fe) chlorosis is a common symptom in many soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.) producing areas throughout the United States. On the Blackland soils found in northeast Texas, Fe chlorosis occasionally appears during vegetative growth, but often abates by the time plants flower. However, it is not clear whether preplant additions of Fe will enhance soybean growth or yield on this soil or whether different sources of Fe give different responses. In a greenhouse study, soil from a pH 8.4 Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplusterts), with a DTPA-extractable concentration of 11.7 mg Fe kg(-1), was treated with FeSO4 (0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 ppm Fe), sodium ferric diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (FeDTPA) (0, 0.3, 1.0, 3, and 10 ppm Fe) or sodium ferric ethylene-diamine-di (o-hydroxyphenylacetate) (FeEDDHA) (0, 0.3, 1.0, 3, and 10 ppm Fe). Pot size was 19 L and soil dry mass was 10 kg. Soybean (cv: Hutcheson) seed were planted in November 2000 and seedlings were thinned to three per pot at the first true leaf stage. The third uppermost fully expanded leaf of each plant was harvested at growth stage R3 for nutrient analysis. Between 20 and 100 days after planting, six nondestructive leaf chlorophyll readings were obtained from the third uppermost fully expanded leaf. Entire plants were harvested at R6 (mid podfill) for nutrient and biomass yield. determination. Leaf blade Fe concentration ranged from 79 to 87 mg kg(-1) in the untreated check plants to a high of 109 mg kg(-1) for the 10 ppm FeDTPA-Fe treatment, all of which were greater than the acknowledged critical level of 60 mg kg-1. No visible Fe-deficiency symptoms appeared during the study. Chlorophyll (SPAD 502) values during the R3 to R5. growth stages were greater for all of the FeSO4 treatments than for the 0 ppm treatment. The 10 ppm FeDTPA-Fe treatment and the 3 ppm FeEDDHA-Fe treatment exhibited higher leaf chlorophyll readings than the untreated checks during the R3 to R5 growth stage. The average. seed yield from the 12 Fe fertilized treatments at growth stage R6 was only 12% greater (not significant) than the untreated check. Total biomass (root plus shoot) was not affected by the treatments. There was no evidence that the higher rates of Fe caused reduced growth. Overall, our results do not suggest that soil-applied Fe will consistently stimulate soybean growth or yield on this soil, at least when DTPA-extractable soil Fe is at 12 mg kg-1 or higher. However, because of the trends for increased seed yield in some of the Fe treatments, field studies using soil- and/or foliar-applied Fe are warranted. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RP Heitholt, JJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM j-heitholt@tamu.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 935 EP 948 DI 10.1081/PLN-120018575 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658ZT UT WOS:000181752000016 ER PT J AU Ilarslan, H Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Ilarslan, H Horner, HT Palmer, RG TI Megagametophyte abnormalities of near-isogenic female partial-sterile soybean mutants (Glycine max, Leguminosae) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE confocal laser scanning microscopy; Glycine max; megagametophyte; ovule abortion; partial sterility ID EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT; SEED DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSES; NUCLEAR BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; OVULE ABORTION; MAIZE; FERTILIZATION AB Megagametogenesis of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., cultivars Clark and Clark k2, and F1 hybrid of Clark (female parent) crossed with Clark k2 (male parent) were studied using stereo light microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Reproductive development in Clark and Clark k2 plants was compared to F1 hybrid plants. In mature pods, 6.4% of the ovules of Clark, 8.1% of the ovules of Clark k2, and 41.4% of the ovules of F1 hybrid plants were aborted. This female partial sterility was due to incomplete megagametophyte development: undeveloped polar nuclei-or developed but not in a position for fertilization; increased megagametophyte wall thickness; abnormal shape and/or premature degeneration of synergids and intact synergids throughout the life of the ovule; egg cell not well-developed or absent; and megagametophyte remaining uninucleate. Each of these abnormalities contributed to either lack of double fertilization or early megagametophyte abortion. C1 USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ankara Univ, Dept Biol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, G301, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0918-9440 J9 J PLANT RES JI J. Plant Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 116 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s10265-003-0084-8 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 669XB UT WOS:000182374800006 PM 12736785 ER PT J AU Farrell, HM Cooke, PH Wickham, ED Piotrowski, EG Hoagland, PD AF Farrell, HM Cooke, PH Wickham, ED Piotrowski, EG Hoagland, PD TI Environmental influences on bovine kappa-casein: Reduction and conversion to fibrillar (amyloid) structures SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE casein structure; molecular weight; disulfide interactions; amyloid fibrils ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; BETA-CASEIN; K-CASEIN; MICELLES; MILK; ALPHA(S1)-CASEIN(136-196); STABILIZATION AB The caseins of milk form a unique calcium-phosphate transport complex that provides these necessary nutrients to the neonate. The colloidal stability of these particles is primarily the result of kappa-casein. As purified from milk, this protein occurs as spherical particles with a weight average molecular weight of 1.18 million. The protein exhibits a unique disulfide bonding pattern, which (in the absence of reducing agents) ranges from monomer to octamers and above on SDS-PAGE. Severe heat treatment of the kappa-casein (90degreesC) in the absence of SDS, before electrophoresis, caused an increase in the polymeric distribution: up to 40% randomly aggregated high-molecular weight polymers, presumably promoted by free sulfhydryl groups (J. Protein Chem. 17: 73-84, 1998). To ascertain the role of the sulfhydryl groups, the protein was reduced and carboxymethylated (RCM-kappa). Surprisingly, at only 37degreesC, the RCM-kappa-casein exhibited an increase in weight average molecular weight and tendency to self-association when studied at 3000 rpm by analytical ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopy (EM) of the 37degreesC RCM sample showed that, in addition to the spherical particles found in the native protein, there was a high proportion of fibrillar structures. The fibrillar structures were up to 600 nm in length. Circular dichroism ( CD) spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature-induced changes in the secondary structure of the native and RCM-kappa-caseins. These studies indicate that there was little change in the distribution of secondary structural elements during this transition, with extended strand and beta turns predominating. On the basis of three-dimensional molecular modeling predictions, there may exist a tyrosine-rich repeated sheet-turn-sheet motif in kappa-casein (residues 15-65), which may allow for the stacking of the molecules into fibrillar structures. Previous studies on amyloid proteins have suggested that such motifs promote fibril formation, and near-ultraviolet CD and thioflavin-T binding studies on RCM-kappa-casein support this concept. The results are discussed with respect to the role that such fibrils may play in the synthesis and secretion of casein micelles in lactating mammary gland. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Farrell, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 41 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 259 EP 273 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 708UE UT WOS:000184587200008 PM 12962326 ER PT J AU Navarro, M Wood, RJ AF Navarro, M Wood, RJ TI Plasma changes in micronutrients following a multivitamin and mineral supplement in healthy adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE micronutrient bioavailability; supplements; intestinal permeability; disintegration rate ID INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; IRON-ABSORPTION; ZINC; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; RIBOFLAVIN; ACETATE; SUGARS; ANEMIA AB Objective: To estimate the micronutrient (riboflavin. folate, vitamin C. vitamin B-12, iron, zinc and copper) bioavailability in healthy adults from a multi-micronutrient dietary supplement to assess the possible influence on it by the tablet disintegration properties and by the relative intestinal permeability of subject. Methods: The bioavailability of semen micronutrients from a single brand of multi-micronutrient dietary supplement was measured on two separate occasions in the presence of a standardized test meal in 15 healthy adult subjects. Each subject visited the Metabolic Research Unit on tour separate randomized occasions for an absorption test. One test measured the intestinal permeability The other three tests measured the postprandial changes in plasma or serum concentrations after consuming a test meal alone (control:placebo effect), or the test meal with either whole or crushed and powdered dietary supplements. 15 healthy Caucasian adult volunteers, aged 42 +/- 14 years. Results: The 12 hour-pot-doe AUC for riboflavin. folate and vitamin C (whole and crushed tablet), and that for vitamin B-12 (only for the crushed tablet treatment) and iron (only for the whole tablet treatment) were all significantly (p < 0.001) higher than after a test meal alone. In contrast there as no significant increase in the AUC after supplement intake for zinc and copper, Neither the form of the supplement for all micronutrients tested nor intestinal permeability of the abject for riboflavin, folate. vitamin C. iron, zinc and copper influenced the postdose nutrient AUC, In contrast, for vitamin B-12, the intestinal permeability of the subject influenced significantly the nutrient AUC (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Tablet disintegration characteristics of this dietary supplement did not limit absorption of these seven micronutrients. The intestinal permeability of subject was only positively correlated kith the B-12 bioavailability. Results are suggestive of using multi-micronutrients dietary supplements as a vehicle to decrease the prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies overall for vitamins in healthy adults. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Navarro, M (reprint author), Univ Granada, Sch Pharm, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, E-18071 Granada, Spain. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 664YR UT WOS:000182093200004 PM 12672708 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Haudenschild, C Latham, P Ranich, T Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Haudenschild, C Latham, P Ranich, T Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT TI Dietary flaxseed meal is more protective than soy protein concentrate against hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis of the liver in an animal model of obesity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; flaxseed; fatty liver; hypertriglyceridemia; plasma lipids; soy protein ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DEFATTED FLAXSEED; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SOYBEAN FOODS; CORPULENT RAT; SERUM-LIPIDS; BLOOD-LIPIDS; ISOFLAVONES AB Objective: Soy protein and flaxseed meal have been reported to have beneficial effects on many chronic diseases in humans and animals. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of soy protein and flaxseed meal on hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis associated with obesity and diabetes. We compared the effects of dietary soy protein and flaxseed meal with that of casein on plasma and liver lipids in a genetic model of obesity, type II diabetes and insulin resistance, namely the SHR/N-cp rat. Methods: Lean and obese phenotypes of SHR/-cp rats were fed AIN 93 diets containing 20% of energy from casein (control), soy protein concentrate or flaxseed meal for six months. Plasma was analyzed for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerde and total protein. Liver was analyzed for steatosis by light microscopy after staining samples with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Oil-Red-O. Results: In lean rats soy protein and flaxseed meal significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (26.0% and 20.3% respectively) compared to casein. In obese rats flaxseed meal had significant cholesterol lowering effect compared to control rats (41%). Soy protein significantly lowered both plasma LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in lean phenotypes while in obese phenotypes flaxseed meal significantly lowered LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol compared to casein-fed rats. Flaxseed meal also significantly lowered plasma triglyceride in both lean and obese rats compared to casein fed rats (33.7% and 37% respectively). There was significantly greater fat accumulation in fivers of obese rats than lean rats (200%) regardless of dietary protein type. Flaxseed meal significantly lowered fat deposition in fivers of both lean and obese rats compared to rats fed casein or soy protein. Dietary component(s) present in flaxseed meal or soy protein responsible for hypolipidemic effects is not clear. Conclusions: The marked hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of flaxseed meal may have important therapeutic implications in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and deserve further study in humans with these disorders. Flaxseed meal supplementation may provide a new therapeutic strategy to reduce hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Anim Genet Resource, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab, Dept Expt Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA USA. Ain Shams Univ, Dept Food Sci, Cairo, Egypt. RP Bhathena, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Bldg 307,Room 315, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Latham, Patricia/0000-0003-2782-9444 NR 50 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 664YR UT WOS:000182093200008 PM 12672712 ER PT J AU Santos, MS Lichtenstein, AH Leka, LS Goldin, B Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN AF Santos, MS Lichtenstein, AH Leka, LS Goldin, B Schaefer, EJ Meydani, SN TI Immunological effects of low-fat diets with and without weight loss SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE low-fat diet; calories restriction; weight loss; immune response; hypercholesterolemia ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN IMMUNE STATUS; YOUNG HEALTHY-MEN; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; RESTRICTION; PLASMA; CELLS; WOMEN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AB Objective: The immunologic effects of isocaloric reduced- and low-fat diets and a voluntary calorie-restricted low-fat diet resulting in weight loss were compared to the immunologic effects of an average American diet in hyperlipidemic individuals. Methods: Ten hyperlipidemic subjects were studied during three six-week weight maintenance phases: baseline (BL) [35% fat {14% saturated fat (SFA). 13% monounsaturated fat ( MUFA), 8% polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)} and 147 mg cholesterol (C)/1000 kcal]. reduced-fat (RF) [26% fat (4% SFA. 11% MUFA. 11% PUFA) and 45 mg C/1000 kcal]. and low-fat (LF) [15% fat (5% SFA. 5%, MUFA. 3% PUFA) and 35 m, C/1000 kcal] diets followed by 12-week, low-fat calorie reduced phase (LFCR). Results: During the last phase. the subjects' weight significantly decreased (p = 0.005). Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced during all phases, compared to BL diet (p < 0.05). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed using Multi-lest CMI. Maximum induration diameters were 22.7. 25.4. 30.5. 34.5 mm for BL. RE LF and LFCR diets. respectively, Subjects on the LFCR diets had significantly higher DTH compared to the BL diet (p = 0.005). No significant effect of diet was observed on lymphocyte proliferation or interleukin (IL)-1. IL-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E-2 production. Conclusions: These data suggest that low-fat diets (15% energy). under conditions which result in weight loss, do not compromise and may enhance the immune response of middle-aged and elderly hyperlipidemic subjects. The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that moderate caloric restriction in humans may hake a beneficial effect on cell-mediated immunity such as those reported in calorie-restricted rodents. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Sch Family Ecol & Nutr, San Juan, PR USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32 AG 00209] NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 664YR UT WOS:000182093200010 PM 12672714 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL AF Abidi, SL TI Tocol-derived minor constituents in selected plant seed oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE content; distribution; edible oil; pentafluorophenylsilica column; plant seed oil; reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; tocopherols; tocotrienols ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E; NORMAL-PHASE; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; RICE BRAN; OLIVE OIL; TOCOPHEROLS; TOCOTRIENOLS; SEPARATION AB Various crude and processed seed oils were analyzed for tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T-3) by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection (FL). The oils included processed canola oil, crude corn oil, crude milkweed oil, crude palm oil, crude/processed rice bran oils, crude/processed soybean oil, crude/processed sunflower oil, and related modified oil varieties. The HPLC system consisted of a pentafluorophenylsilica (PFPS) column and a mobile phase of methanol and water. The results of comparative methodological studies with rice bran oils and milkweed oils indicated that the reversed-phase PFPS-HPLC method in conjunction with the use of less hazardous solvents proved to be superior and a viable alternative to the conventional normal-phase HPLC method. Unlike the traditional nonpolar octadecylsilica phase, which fails to resolve beta-gamma pairs of T and T-3, HPLC with the unique polar PFPS column enables separations of all compounds of interest. Except for palm oil, betaT and gammaT were detected in all other crude oils. Although most milkweed oils contained moderate levels of betaT and gammaT, the betaT species was present in relatively low abundance in edible oils despite the observation of fairly high concentrations of gammaT in the latter oils. betaT(3) and gammaT(3) were detected along with alphaT(3) and deltaT(3) only in palm and rice bran oils. Tocol-derived antioxidant distribution data for zero-time processed oils provided potential utility in correlation studies of frying quality and stability. The variable distribution data for crude oils shed some light on market profitability of oilseeds with rich sources of vitamin E-related minor constituents. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0698-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 674JB UT WOS:000182632700006 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Prinyawiwatkul, W King, JM Grimm, CC Lloyd, S AF Sathivel, S Prinyawiwatkul, W King, JM Grimm, CC Lloyd, S TI Oil production from catfish viscera SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catfish; fatty acid composition; oil; processing waste; viscera ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; FISH-OIL; CHANNEL CATFISH AB Oil was extracted from catfish viscera and purified (degummed, neutralized, bleached, and deodorized). The yield of catfish oil after purification was 65.7%. The major yield loss took place during the degumming process. The FA found in crude catfish visceral oil were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:0, 20:1, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, and 22:6, the predominant FA being 18:1, 16:0, 18:2, and 18:0. The total unsaturated FA in the purified catfish oil amounted to 67.7%. The combined n-3 FA content of the purified catfish oil was 4.6 mg/g of oil. The purified catfish oil contained 1.21 mg/g DHA. FFA, water activity, and some mineral contents decreased during purification. Bleaching removed pigments, thus resulting in oil with greater lightness and less yellowness. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0707-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 674JB UT WOS:000182632700015 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Hudgins, RR Emmett, MR Hakansson, K Marshall, AG AF Fagerquist, CK Hudgins, RR Emmett, MR Hakansson, K Marshall, AG TI An antibiotic linked to peptides and proteins is released by electron capture dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; CEFTIOFUR; RESIDUE; CATIONS; SITES; KDA AB Desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) is a bioactive beta-lactam antibiotic metabolite that has a free thiol group. Previous experiments have shown release of DFC from plasma extracts after addition of a disulfide reducing agent, suggesting that DFC may be bound to plasma and tissue proteins through disulfide bonds. We have reacted DFC with [Arg(8)]-vasopressin (which has one disulfide bond) and bovine insulin (which has three disulfide bonds) and analyzed the reaction products by use of electron capture dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ECD FT-ICIZ MS), which has previously shown preferential cleavage of disulfide bonds. We observe cleavage of DFC from vasopressin and insulin during ECD, suggesting that DFC is indeed bound to peptides and proteins through disulfide bonds. Specifically, we observed dissociative loss of one, as well as two, DFC species during ECD of [vasopressin + 2(DFC-H) + 2H](2+) from a single electron capture event. Loss of two DFCs could arise from either consecutive or simultaneous loss, but in any case implies a gas phase disulfide exchange step. ECD of [insulin + DFC + 4H](4+) shows preferential dissociative loss of DFC. Combined with HPLC, ECD FT-ICR-MS, may be an efficient screening method for detection of drug-biomolecule binding. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RI Emmett, Mark/C-3478-2013; Hakansson, Kristina/G-9428-2016 OI Hakansson, Kristina/0000-0003-1926-0542 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00063-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 668EC UT WOS:000182276500003 PM 12686477 ER PT J AU Van Liew, MW Garbrecht, J AF Van Liew, MW Garbrecht, J TI Hydrologic simulation of the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed using SWAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE calibration/validation; baseflow separation; modeling/statistics; hydrology; watershed; runoff curve number; climate variability ID MODEL; CALIBRATION; AREA AB Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest subwatersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting strearnflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Van Liew, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 34 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 413 EP 426 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 675BR UT WOS:000182673600015 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Bingner, RL Rebich, RA AF Yuan, YP Bingner, RL Rebich, RA TI Evaluation of AnnAGNPS nitrogen loading in an agricultural watershed SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE AnnAGNPS 2.0; modeling; water quality; nonpoint source pollution; nitrogen loading; watershed management ID MODEL; MISSISSIPPI; AGNPS AB Pollutants entering a water system can be very destructive to the health of that system. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used to reduce these pollutants, but understanding the most effective practices is very difficult. Watershed models are an effective tool to aid in the decision-making process of selecting the BMPs that are most effective in reducing the pollutant loading and are also the most cost effective. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS 2.0) is a technological tool that can be used to estimate watershed response to agricultural management practices. The main purpose of this paper is to test the performance of AnnAGNPS 2.0 on nitrogen loading using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. Previous work has demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment. From sensitivity analyses in this study, initial nitrogen concentration in the soil and crop nitrogen uptake had the most impact on the nitrogen loadings. AnnAGNPS simulations of monthly nitrogen loadings are poor. However, statistical test (t-test) showed that the predicted nitrogen loading is not significantly different from observed nitrogen loading at the 95 percent level of confidence. C1 USDA ARS, NSL, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSL, POB 1157, Pearl, MS 39208 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04398.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 675BR UT WOS:000182673600018 ER PT J AU Cane, JH AF Cane, JH TI Annual displacement of soil in nest tumuli of alkali bees (Nomia melanderi) (Hymenoptera : Apifornies : Halictidae) across an agricultural landscape SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; biogeomorphology; bioturbation; erosion; nesting; invertebrate AB Thousands of bee species nest in the ground, sometimes gregariously. digging central tunnels whose excavated soil is pushed to the surface its tumuli To quantify tumulus, production across a landscape. nesting female alkali bee, (Nomia imelanderi) were censused for the 155 km(3) Touchet Valley of southeastern Washington. where nest sites of alkali bees are managed to pollinate alfalfa seed fields. Across this landscape in 2001, an estimated 9.1 million nesting females collectively brought 87,500 kg (96 tons) of soil to the surface in their tumuli, much of which is subsequently eroded away by wind or rain. At this rate. the oldest populated nest site would have cumulatively lost four cm to surface Subsidence as a result of the past halt century's nesting activity. Bees are probably minor agents of biogeomorphology and bioturbation except where nesting females are concentrated in long-lived Populous aggregations. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cane, JH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664XR UT WOS:000182090400011 ER PT J AU Tepedino, VJ AF Tepedino, VJ TI What's in a name? The confusing case of the death camas bee, Andrena astragali Viereck and Cockerell (Hymenoptera : Andrenidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pollen; specialization; nectar; toxicity; systematics ID POLLINATION SYSTEMS; POLLEN; SPECIALIZATION; RESOURCE; APOIDEA AB Pollen loads ere examined and pollen species identified bout 70 females of the unfortunately named Andrena astragali Viereck and Cockerell Specimen were collected over 60 years and were from four states (CA, ID. UT, WY) At all sites. in all bears, Andrena astragali is an oligolege of the putatively toxic death camas (Zigadenus. Liliaceae) species of locoweed (Astragalus Leguminosae) are visited occasionally, probably for nectar. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tepedino, VJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664XR UT WOS:000182090400014 ER PT J AU Griswold, T Parker, FD AF Griswold, T Parker, FD TI Stelis rozeni, new species, the first record of the parasitic bee genus Stelis from southern Africa (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Anthidiini; cleptoparasite; biogeography; South Africa AB The first record of Stelis from southern Africa is described as Stelis rozeni. This distinctive species does not tit any recognized subgenus. Its systematic position is discussed and comparison made to the rare subgenus Malanthidium. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664XR UT WOS:000182090400022 ER PT J AU Minckley, RL Cane, JH Kervin, L Yanega, D AF Minckley, RL Cane, JH Kervin, L Yanega, D TI Biological impediments to measures of competition among introduced honey bees and desert bees (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE apiformes; biodiversity; conservation; Larrea; invasive species; oligolecty; pollen ID APIS-MELLIFERA; BODY-SIZE; POLLEN; EFFICIENCY; APOIDEA; SPECIALIZATION; PHENOLOGY; PLANTS; FOREST; NECTAR AB Foraging behaviors, host plant breadth, and agilities of social and solitary bee species differ dramatically. We illustrate how these phenomena can obscure the effects of floral resource competition from our studies on a species-rich, native bee fauna that visit the flowers of creosote bush [Larrea tridentata Coville (Zygophyllaceae)], a widespread dominant perennial plant species in the warm deserts of North America. The potential for competition among the solitary bees that visit creosote bush and honey bees was investigated by two methods: one that is widely used asks if solitary bee abundance and species diversity is less at sites with greater honey bee abundance; and a second. more novel approach that asks if pollen availability is limiting at sites with high bee biomass. We found no relationship among number of honey bees at sited and species richness and abundance of all native bees combined or of Pollen specialist species considered alone. Protein represented in the pollen of the primary host plant greatly exceeded the biomass of bees present at a site. We suggest bee populations are rarely pollen limited in this system or that competition, when it occurs, is highly episodic. Future studies of bee competition will need to assess long-term Population variation among solitary and introduced bees in habitats where floral resources can be measured for multiple flowering plant species, and where bee colony/nest dynamics can be documented, Studies of bee faunas in temperate areas are needed. This paper demonstrates come of the possible pitfalls for studies of competition among highly eusocial and solitary bees, We conclude that basic data (in bee biology and population dynamics are needed before these questions can be satisfactorily answered and, at present, little hard data are available to evaluate the competing hypotheses. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Entomol Res Museum, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Minckley, RL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 306 EP 319 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664XR UT WOS:000182090400026 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, M Hareland, GA Manthey, FA Berglund, LR AF Chakraborty, M Hareland, GA Manthey, FA Berglund, LR TI Evaluating quality of yellow alkaline noodles made from mechanically abraded sprouted wheat SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mechanical abrasion; pearling; sprout damage; noodles; wheat quality ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; ALPHA-AMYLASE; WHITE WHEAT; HARD RED; COLOR; TEXTURE; DOUGH; REQUIREMENTS; LANDRACES; STARCH AB Five hard red spring wheat genotypes, with initial failing numbers (FNs) ranging from 62 to 427 s, were mechanically abraded for 30, 60, and 120 s to reduce sequentially alpha-amylase activity in the grain. Mechanical abrasion prior to milling significantly increased FN and reduced amylase activity in pre-harvest sprouted wheat. The abraded grains were milled and the resultant flour samples were evaluated for starch gelatinization properties and yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) quality. Mechanical abrasion on sprouted kernels resulted in significant improvements in starch pasting properties accompanied by marginal decreases in flour ash and protein contents. Initial noodle brightness L* improved in most samples with mechanical abrasion. However, L* values dropped significantly during storage, with the greatest decline seen in the highly sprouted sample. Noodle cooking and textural qualities were relatively unaffected by sprout damage or mechanical abrasion, possibly due to amylase inhibition by the carbonate salts present in the formula. Mechanical abrasion prior to milling was found to reduce amylase activity significantly in moderately sprouted wheat. YAN, however, showed high tolerance to sprout damage, and produced noodles of acceptable texture without mechanical abrasion. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chakraborty, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD APR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 5 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1403 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 662PB UT WOS:000181955300018 ER PT J AU Brissette, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH AF Brissette, JC Ducey, MJ Gove, JH TI A field test of point relascope sampling of down coarse woody material in managed stands in the Acadian Forest SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE angle gauge sampling; coarse woody debris; spruce-fir forests ID DEBRIS AB We field tested a new method for sampling down coarse woody material (CWM) using an angle gauge and compared it with the more traditional line intersect sampling (LIS) method. Permanent sample locations in stands managed with different silvicultural treatments within the Penobscot Experimental Forest (Maine, USA) were used as the sampling locations. Point relascope sampling (PRS) with three different angles spanning the practical range of angles for such stands was used along with 40 m of LIS sample per sample point. Compared to LIS, the three angles resulted in similar number of pieces and volume of CWM from stands with different histories of repeated partial harvests. In terms of sampling efficiency, PRS was up to 4 times more efficient than LIS. These results, while limited to only one forest type and a relatively small sample, are the first published results available on the field performance of PRS. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Brissette, JC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 130 IS 2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.2307/3557532 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 697DG UT WOS:000183926500004 ER PT J AU Redinbaugh, MG AF Redinbaugh, MG TI Transmission of Maize streak virus by vascular puncture inoculation with unit-length genomic DNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Maize streak virus; vascular puncture inoculation; genomic DNA; geminivirus ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED DELIVERY; VIRAL-DNA; MOSAIC-VIRUS; INFECTIVITY; REPLICATION; GEMINIVIRUS; MOVEMENT; KERNELS; PLANTS AB The infectivity of cloned unit-length genomes of Maize streak virus (MSV) was tested using vascular puncture inoculation (VPI). VPI of kernels with plasmid DNA (pUC19) carrying a tandem repeat of the MSV genome produced 33 + 8% infection. Similar plasmids carrying the unit-length MSV genome were not infectious. If the MSV genome was released from the plasmid prior to VPI, 16 + 4% of plants became infected. Ligation of the free linear MSV genome did not increase infectivity. The three infective inocula produced symptoms of similar severity in maize. Bioassay of systemically infected leaves indicated the virus was equally infectious regardless of inoculum. In Southern blots of bioassay plants, no differences in MSV genome restriction endonuclease sites were observed. Thus, inoculation with the free linear or circularized MSV unit-length genome produced infections similar to those with plasmids carrying tandemly repeated genomes. The infectivity of free linear MSV unit-length genomes will facilitate molecular analysis of MSV, because cloning steps are minimized. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD APR PY 2003 VL 109 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 AR PII S0166-0934(03)00044-2 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00044-2 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 665VM UT WOS:000182142000014 PM 12668274 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Gaynor, JS AF Breck, SW Gaynor, JS TI Comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane for anesthesia in beaver SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; beaver; inhalants; isoflurane; sevothirane; surgery ID CASTOR-CANADENSIS; INHALATION; HALOTHANE AB We compared the hemodynamic and respiratory effects, recovery time, and cost of two gas inhalants (isoflurane and sevoflurane) for anesthetic induction and maintenance of beaver (Castor canadensis) during surgery to implant radio transmitters in the peritoneal cavity. Heart rate, respiratory rate, relative hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SpO(2)), and body temperature were measured every 5 min for the first 45 min, and arterial blood gas was measured once, 25 min into the anesthetic procedure. Induction for either agent was smooth and rapid. Heart rate and respiratory rate both decreased during the procedure though neither was lower than baseline values reported in the literature for beaver. Relative hemoglobin saturation with oxygen, body temperature, and blood gas variables did not differ between each anesthetic regime. Both inhalants caused slight respiratory acidosis. Recovery time from anesthesia was highly variable (1-178 min) but did not differ statistically between drugs. Sevoflurane costs ($22.30/60 min) were much higher than isoflurane costs ($3.50/60 min). We recommend isoflurane or sevoflurane for anesthetic induction and maintenance of beaver because of the lack of physiologic differences. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 700GA UT WOS:000184103200017 PM 12910766 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Gese, EM Bromley, C Kozlowski, A Williams, ES AF Arjo, WM Gese, EM Bromley, C Kozlowski, A Williams, ES TI Serologic survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of Utah SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE canine adenovinis; canine distemper virus; canine parvovirius; Canis latrans; coyote; Francisella tularensis; plague; serological survey; tularemia; Yersinia pestis ID DISTEMPER VIRUS; WILD COYOTES; PLAGUE; CALIFORNIA; PARVOVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; SURVIVAL; TEXAS; IDAHO AB The influence of habitat and associated prey assemblages on the prevalence of canine diseases in coyotes (Canis latrans.) has received scant attention. From December 1997 through December 1999, we captured 67 coyotes in two ecologically distinct areas of Utah (USA): Deseret Land and Livestock Ranch and US Army Dugvvay Proving Ground. These areas differ in habitat and prey base. We collected blood samples and tested for evidence of various canine diseases. Prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) was 100% in the Deseret population and 93% in the Dugway population. All juveniles in both populations had been exposed. We found no difference in the prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) between the two populations (7% versus 12%; P=0.50). However, we did find an increase in antibodies with acre in the Deseret population (P=0.03). Evidence of exposure to canine adenovirus (CAV) was found in both populations (52% and 72%; P=0.08). Prevalence of CAV antibodies was influenced by age on both areas (Deseret: P=0.003: Dugway: P=0.004). Antibodies to Francisella tularensis were low on both areas (2% and 4%). We found a significant difference (P=0.001) in the prevalence of exposure to Yersinia pestis between the two populations: 73% in Deseret compared to 11% in Dugway This difference is most likely due to the prey species available in the two ecologically distinct study areas. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,APHIS,WS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. AGEISS Environm Inc, Duway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA,APHIS,WS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 449 EP 455 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 700GA UT WOS:000184103200028 PM 12910777 ER PT J AU Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Lemons, PR Mote, K AF Kamler, JF Ballard, WB Gilliland, RL Lemons, PR Mote, K TI Impacts of coyotes on swift foxes in northwestern Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; predator control; swift fox; Texas; Vulpes velox ID MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; TAILED DEER; HABITAT USE; MORTALITY; CARNIVORES; PREDATION; REMOVAL; RATES; SPACE AB The distribution of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in the western Great Plains has been dramatically reduced since historical times. Because coyotes (Canis latrans) have been identified as the main cause of mortality in swift fox populations, we studied the impacts of coyotes on swift foxes in northwestern Texas, USA. We radiomarked and monitored 88 swift foxes and 29 coyotes at 2 study sites from 1998 to 2000. On site 1, coyotes had relatively high abundance (41 +/- 6.8 scats/2 km) and survival (0.90), whereas swift foxes had low survival (0.47), low density (0.24-0.31 foxes/km(2)), and low recruitment (0.25 young/adult), and killings by coyotes (n = 8) were the major cause of death. On site 2, coyotes had relatively low abundance (19 +/- 4.9 scats/2 km) and survival (0.54) due to greater human persecution, whereas swift foxes had relatively high survival (0.69), high density (0.68-0.77 foxes/km2), and high recruitment (1.3 young/adult), and few (n = 2) were killed by coyotes. Our initial results suggested that swift foxes benefited from lower coyote numbers. To test this hypothesis, we removed 227 coyotes on site 1 during the final year of our study. Subsequently, coyote abundance decreased (18 +/- 4.5 scats/2 km), whereas swift foxes had increased survival (0.63), increased density (0.68 foxes/km(2)), and increased recruitment (1.2 young/adult), and few (n = 3) were killed by coyotes. All parameters remained consistent on site 2. Our results indicate that coyotes can suppress swift fox populations, and that reductions in coyote numbers can change a swift fox population from a sink to a source. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, US Wildlife Serv, USDA, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Brownwood, TX 76801 USA. RP Kamler, JF (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Mammal Res Inst, PL-17230 Bialystok, Poland. RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 44 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.2307/3802773 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 674DF UT WOS:000182621100009 ER PT J AU Dewey, SR Kennedy, PL Stephens, RM AF Dewey, SR Kennedy, PL Stephens, RM TI Are dawn vocalization surveys effective for monitoring goshawk nest-area occupancy? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; acoustic lure; courtship; nest-site occupancy; raptor monitoring; Utah; vocal survey techniques ID NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; COOPERS-HAWKS; ADULT; SITES; YOUNG; OWLS AB In 1999 and 2000, we used dawn vocalization surveys (Penteriani 1999) to confirm nest-area occupancy by northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) breeding in montane forests of northeastern Utah, USA. We visited 19-20 historic nest areas in 1999 (n = 20) and 2000 (n = 19; 15 were sampled both years) during the courtship period (mid-Mar through late Apr), and recorded the type and duration of calls heard. We detected vocalizations at 51% of the nest areas surveyed with this technique (45% in 1999 and 58% in 2000). Overall accuracy rate (nest areas in which we correctly determined occupancy status) was 90%. On average, goshawks vocalized over a 62-min period at dawn, but durations ranged from 3 to 117 min. We found dawn vocalization surveys to be an effective technique to determine the status of known goshawk nest areas during the courtship/pre-incubation periods, although the technique requires considerable effort when applied to remote, montane forest locations. With only minor modifications to the Penteriani (1999) protocol, the technique can be easily adapted to monitor status of known goshawk nest areas in any area where local knowledge of nesting chronology is available. C1 US Forest Serv, Ashley Natl Forest, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union Expt Stn, Union, OR 97883 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Dewey, SR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Bridger Teton Natl Forest, Blackrock Ranger Stn, POB 278, Moran, WY 83013 USA. EM sdewey@fs.fed.us RI Kennedy, Patricia/I-4902-2015 OI Kennedy, Patricia/0000-0002-2090-1821 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.2307/3802779 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 674DF UT WOS:000182621100015 ER PT J AU Ikeno, Y Bronson, RT Hubbard, GB Lee, S Bartke, A AF Ikeno, Y Bronson, RT Hubbard, GB Lee, S Bartke, A TI Delayed occurrence of fatal neoplastic diseases in Ames dwarf mice: Correlation to extended longevity SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; LIFE-SPAN; EXTENSION; PROTEIN AB Ames dwarf mice have drawn much attention in aging research because of their marked life extension. Studies demonstrate that some of the physiological characteristics of Ames dwarf mice are similar to those of dietary restricted mice. Because dietary restriction has been shown to suppress and/or delay the occurrence of various age-related diseases, we investigated age-related pathological changes in Ames dwarf mice. We observed Ames dwarf mice to have a delayed occurrence of presumably fatal neoplastic disease compared with their normal siblings. In addition to the delayed occurrence, we found that the incidence of presumably fatal adenocarcinoma in lung was significantly lower in Ames dwarf mice than for their normal siblings. The delayed occurrence of total neoplastic lesions and reduced incidence of adenocarcinoma in lung possibly could be attributed to the retardation of tumor development by changes in the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1, and thereby be a major contributing factor to the extended life span observed in these mice. C1 Audie L Murphy VA Hosp STVHCS, Res Serv, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ikeno, Y (reprint author), Audie L Murphy VA Hosp STVHCS, Res Serv, 7400 Merton Mintor Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Bartke, Andzej/D-6640-2017 OI Bartke, Andzej/0000-0002-2569-557X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13319, AG19899] NR 23 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 663NN UT WOS:000182011800001 PM 12663691 ER PT J AU Crawford, MA Golfetto, I Ghebremeskel, K Min, Y Moodley, T Poston, L Phylactos, A Cunnane, S Schmidt, W AF Crawford, MA Golfetto, I Ghebremeskel, K Min, Y Moodley, T Poston, L Phylactos, A Cunnane, S Schmidt, W TI The potential role for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in protection against some central nervous system injuries in preterm infants SO LIPIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; LONG-CHAIN N-3; CEREBRAL-PALSY; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT-BRAIN; PERIVENTRICULAR LEUKOMALACIA; SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION AB The risk of central nervous, visual, and auditory damage increases from 211000 live births in the normal birth-weight to >200/1000 as birthweight falls below 1500 g. Such babies are most likely to be born preterm. Advances in infant care have led to increasing numbers of very-low-birthweight, preterm infants surviving to school age with moderate to severe brain damage. Steroids are one of the current treatments, but they cause significant, long-term problems. The evidence reported here suggests an additional approach to protecting the very preterm infant by supporting neurovascular membrane integrity. The complications of preterm, very-low-birthweight babies include bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, all of which have a vascular component. Arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA are essential, structural, and functional constituents of cell membranes. They are especially required for the growth and function of the brain and vascular systems, which are the primary biofocus of human fetal growth. Molecular dynamics and experimental evidence suggest that DHA could be the ligand for the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in neural tissue. RXR activation is an obligatory step in signaling to the nucleus and in the regulation of gene expression. Very preterm babies are born with minimal fat stores and suboptimal circulating levels of these nutrients. Postnatally, they lose the biomagnification of the proportions of AA and DHA by the placenta for the fetus. No current nutritional management repairs these deficits. The placental biomagnification profile highlights AA rather than DHA. The resultant fetal FA profile closely resembles that of the vascular endothelium and not the brain. Without this nourishment, cell membrane abnormalities would be predicted. We present a scientific rationale for a common pathogenic process in the complications of prematurity. C1 London Metropolitan Univ, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. Univ London, United Med & Dent Sch Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Fetal Res Unit, London SE1 7EH, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crawford, MA (reprint author), London Metropolitan Univ, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, N Campus, London N7 8DB, England. NR 81 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s11745-003-1065-1 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 690YE UT WOS:000183577400003 PM 12848275 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Erickson, KL AF Kelley, DS Erickson, KL TI Modulation of body composition and immune cell functions by conjugated linoleic acid in humans and animal models: Benefits vs. risks SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Congress of the Interntional-Society-for-the-Study-of-Fatty-Acids-and-Lipids CY MAY 07-11, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Soc Study Fatty Acids & Lipids ID EARLY AORTIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FATTY-ACID; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MAMMARY-GLAND; CLA ISOMERS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HAMSTERS; DIENOIC DERIVATIVES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CANCER RISK; SCID MICE AB We have reviewed the published literature regarding the effects of CLA on body composition and immune cell functions in humans and in animal models. Results from studies in mice, hamsters, rats, and pigs generally support the notion that CLA reduced depot fat in the normal or lean strains. However, in obese rats, it increased body fat or decreased it less than in the corresponding lean controls. These studies also indicate that t10, c12-CLA was the isomer that reduced adipose fat; however, it also increased the fat content of several other tissues and increased circulating insulin and the saturated FA content of adipose tissue and muscle. Four of the eight published human studies found small but significant reductions in body fat with CLA supplementation; however, the reductions were smaller than the prediction errors for the methods used. The other four human studies found no change in body fat with CLA supplementation. These studies also report that CLA supplementation increased the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease including increased blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, VLDL, C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and decreased HDL. Most studies regarding the effects of CLA on immune cell functions have been conducted with a mixture of isomers, and the results have been variable. One study conducted in mice with the purified c9, t11-CLA and t10, cl2-CLA isomers indicated that the two isomers have similar effects on immune cell functions. Some of the reasons for the discrepancies between the effects of CLA in published reports are discussed. Although significant benefit to humans from CLA supplementation is questionable, it may create several health risks in both humans and animals. On the basis of the published data, CLA supplementation of adult human diets to improve body composition or enhance immune functions cannot be recommended at this time. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s11745-003-1072-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 690YE UT WOS:000183577400010 PM 12848282 ER PT J AU Zaidi, BR Hinkey, LM Rodriguez, NR Govind, NS Imam, SH AF Zaidi, BR Hinkey, LM Rodriguez, NR Govind, NS Imam, SH TI Biodegradation of toxic chemicals in Guayanilla Bay, Puerto Rico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; biphenyl; naphthalene; phenanthrene; p-nitrophenol; pentachlorophenol; inorganic nutrients; marine; seawater ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; WATER; PHENANTHRENE; PERSPECTIVE; INOCULATION; OXIDATION; DNA; PH AB Studies were conducted to assess the factors that may influence the rate and extent of biodegradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and p-nitrophenol in water samples collected from the Guayanilla Bay (18degreesN; 67.45degreesW), southwest of Puerto Rico. In vitro studies mediated slow degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene and phenanthrene substrates by natural microbial flora present in the Bay. Addition of KNO3 as a source of inorganic N greatly enhanced the degradation of phenanthrene but not of naphthalene, suggesting that effects on degradation due to nutrient limitation were compound specific. The rate and extent of degradation of naphthalene and PCP were higher in water samples collected closer to the source of contamination, i.e. the petrochemical complex. The identity of a phenanthrene degrading bacterium, previously identified by conventional phenotypic method (Zaidi et al., Utilizing Nature's Advanced Materials, Oxford Unviersity Press, 1999) as Alteromonas sp., was confirmed by partial DNA sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, POB 9013, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM brzaidi@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 4 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00479-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 680GP UT WOS:000182968200019 PM 12705914 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, S TI A comparison of sample preparation methods for PCR detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica from ground pork using swabbing and slurry homogenate techniques SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Industrial-Microbiology CY 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Ind Microbiol DE DNA isolation; detection; polymerase chain reaction; Yersinia enterocolitica; virulence plasmid; ground pork ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FOOD PATHOGENS; UNITED-STATES; COMPONENTS; CHILDREN; BINDING; BEARING; BEEF; O-3 AB Two sample preparation methods for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of plasmid-bearing virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) from ground pork were compared. Two sets of ground pork samples were inoculated with 10, 1, and 0.5 CFU/cm(2) of a YEP+ strain, one set was swabbed and the second set was dispersed into a slurry homogenate. Both swab and slurry homogenate samples were enriched in sterile Whirl Pak bags containing modified trypticase soy broth for 48 h at 12 T. From the enriched swab samples, the bacterial cells were pelleted, washed, boiled in sterile distilled water, and treated with proteinase K to prepare cell lysates to use as a DNA template. Since slurry homogenate samples contained food material, DNA extraction was performed using a commercial kit. The DNA from cell lysates and from extracted slurry homogenate samples were evaluated as templates for multiplex PCR employing primers for the chromosomal ail and plasmid virF genes. The enrichment of the YEP+ strain was more efficient using the sponge-swabbed samples than the slurry homogenate samples at all three inoculum levels tested. It was necessary to dilute the DNA extracted from slurry homogenate to determine the optimal concentration of each sample for PCR amplification. No amplification signal was detected using undiluted DNA, possibly due to DNA inhibitors present in the slurry homogenate that were not removed in the process of extraction. However, DNA could be detected in undiluted cell lysates from swab samples. Thus, the cell lysates from swab samples are more advantageous than DNA extracted from ground pork slurry homogenate samples for the PCR assay. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(03)00027-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 692JH UT WOS:000183657600007 PM 12788031 ER PT J AU Senchina, DS Alvarez, I Cronn, RC Liu, B Rong, JK Noyes, RD Paterson, AH Wing, RA Wilkins, TA Wendel, JF AF Senchina, DS Alvarez, I Cronn, RC Liu, B Rong, JK Noyes, RD Paterson, AH Wing, RA Wilkins, TA Wendel, JF TI Rate variation among nuclear genes and the age of polyploidy in Gossypium SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Gossypium; cotton; polyploidy; molecular clock; substitution rates; evolution ID RAPID GENOMIC CHANGES; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMPHIPLOIDS; COTTON GOSSYPIUM; DNA-SEQUENCES; SYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; HIRSUTUM L. AB Molecular evolutionary rate variation in Gossypium (cotton) was characterized using sequence data for 48 nuclear genes from both genomes of allotetraploid cotton, models of its diploid progenitors, and an outgroup. Substitution rates varied widely among the 48 genes, with silent and replacement substitution levels varying from 0.018 to 0.162 and from 0.000 to 0.073, respectively, in comparisons between orthologous Gossypium and outgroup sequences. However, about 90% of the genes had silent substitution rates spanning a more narrow threefold range. Because there was no evidence of rate heterogeneity among lineages for any gene and because rates were highly correlated in independent tests, evolutionary rate is inferred to be a property of each gene or its genetic milieu rather than the clade to which it belongs. Evidence from approximately 200,000 nucleotides (40,000 per genome) suggests that polyploidy in Gossypium led to a modest enhancement in rates of nucleotide substitution. Phylogenetic analysis for each gene yielded the topology expected from organismal history, indicating an absence of gene conversion or recombination among homoeologs subsequent to allopolyploid formation. Using the mean synonymous substitution rate calculated across the 48 genes, allopolyploid cotton is estimated to have formed circa 1.5 million years ago (MYA), after divergence of the diploid progenitors about 6.7 MYA. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NE Normal Univ, Inst Genet & Cytol, Changchun, Peoples R China. Univ Georgia, Riverbend Res Ctr, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept EPO Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wendel, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Senchina, David/0000-0003-1355-3467; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 58 TC 166 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1093/molbev/msg065 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 668VL UT WOS:000182313800017 PM 12679546 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB Waalwijk, C Kema, GHJ Cavaletto, JR Zhang, G AF Goodwin, SB Waalwijk, C Kema, GHJ Cavaletto, JR Zhang, G TI Cloning and analysis of the mating-type idiomorphs from the barley pathogen Septoria passerinii SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cochliobolus; evolution; loculoascomycetes; multiplex PCR; Mycosphaerella graminicola ID MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; PYRENOPEZIZA-BRASSICAE; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; RIBOSOMAL DNA; WINTER-WHEAT; GENE; POPULATIONS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; STRATEGIES AB The genus Septoria contains more than 1000 species of plant pathogenic fungi, most of which have no known sexual stage. Species of Septoria without a known sexual stage could be recent derivatives of sexual species that have lost the ability to mate. To test this hypothesis, the mating-type region of S. passerinii, a species with no known sexual stage, was cloned, sequenced, and compared to that of its close relative S. tritici (sexual stage: Mycosphaerella graminicola). Both of the S. passerinii mating-type idiomorphs were approximately 3 kb in size and contained a single reading frame interrupted by one (MAT-2) or two (MAT-1) putative introns. The putative products of MAT-1 and MAT-2 are characterized by alpha-box and high-mobility-group sequences, respectively, similar to those in the mating-type genes of M. graminicola and other fungi. The mating-type genes of S. passerinii and M. graminicola are evolving rapidly, approximately ten times faster than the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA, and are not closely related to those from Cochliobolus or other loculoascomycetes in the order Pleosporales. Therefore, the class Loculoascomycetes may be polyphyletic. Furthermore, differences between the phylogenetic trees may indicate separate evolutionary histories for the MAT-1 and MAT-2 idiomorphs. A three-primer multiplex-PCR technique was developed that allowed rapid identification of the mating types of isolates of S. passerinii. Both mating types were present in approximately equal frequencies and often on the same leaf in fields in Minnesota and North Dakota. Analyses with isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers revealed that each isolate had a unique genotype. The common occurrence of both mating types on the same leaf and the high levels of genotypic diversity indicate that S. passerinii is almost certainly not an asexual derivative of a sexual fungus. Instead, sexual reproduction probably plays an integral role in the life cycle of S. passerinii and may be much more important than previously believed in this (and possibly other) "asexual" species of Septoria. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Plant Res Int BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD APR PY 2003 VL 269 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00438-002-0795-x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 681JE UT WOS:000183032400001 PM 12715148 ER PT J AU Greenbery, CH AF Greenbery, CH TI Vegetation recovery and stand structure following a prescribed stand-replacement burn in sand pine scrub SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; prescribed fire; sand pine scrub; stand-replacement burn; stand structure ID POSTFIRE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; HIGH-INTENSITY WILDFIRE; LAKE WALES RIDGE; FLORIDA SCRUB; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; FIRE; COMMUNITIES; HISTORY; PLANTS; PATTERNS AB Vegetation and stand structure of sand pine scrub in central Florida, USA, were measured before a prescribed stand-replacement burn and for > 8 y afterward. Herbaceous species richness peaked within 16 months postburn, then gradually declined, although significant differences were detected only between 16 months and > 8 y postburn. Twenty-two plant species were detected after the burn that were not recorded prior to the burn. Woody plant species richness recovered to preburn levels within 5 months. Myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia Willd.), the dominant species, regained its preburn cover within 16 months and preburn height within 40 months. Scrub palmetto (Sabal etonia Swingle ex Nash) regained its preburn cover and height within 5 months. After > 8 y sand pine (Pinus clausa clausa [Chapm. Ex Engelm.] Vasey ex Sarg.) had regained 29% cover and 2.3 in height. Litter layer thickness was reduced by the fire but was subsequently stable. Bare ground increased postburn but was similar to preburn levels within 64 months. Light at breast height peaked at 28-64 months postburn, and light at ground level increased postburn and remained high. Coarse woody debris cover and diameter increased beginning 28 months postburn as snags fell. Under the right conditions, prescribed stand-replacement fire can be used in sand pine scrub to enhance species richness, temporarily increase cover and reproduction by some endemic plant species, and temporarily eliminate the sand pine canopy to restore a historically common stand structure. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Greenbery, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 11 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 668AJ UT WOS:000182267800006 ER PT J AU Martin, D Bohlmann, J Gershenzon, J Francke, W Seybold, SJ AF Martin, D Bohlmann, J Gershenzon, J Francke, W Seybold, SJ TI A novel sex-specific and inducible monoterpene synthase activity associated with a pine bark beetle, the pine engraver, Ips pini SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; SAY COLEOPTERA; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; PARACONFUSUS LANIER; SUBGENERIC GROUP; SCOLYTIDAE; IPSDIENOL; MYRCENE; PATHWAY; (+)-ALPHA-PINENE AB Ecological interactions of conifers and coniferophagous bark beetles are determined in part by terpenoids (isoprenoids), which are major defense metabolites of conifer oleoresin. Curiously, similar compounds are important aggregation pheromones of conifer-attacking bark beetles. Terpene synthases are responsible for generating the enormous variety of terpenoid carbon skeletons found in nature. These catalysts convert short-chain prenyl diphosphates to a diverse assortment of hemiterpene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene natural products. While terpene synthases have frequently been characterized from plant and microbial sources, they have not yet been described in animals. Here we report the discovery of a monoterpene synthase activity in an insect, the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Cell-free assays of L pini revealed that geranyl diphosphate (GDP) is converted to the acyclic monoterpene myrcene in whole-body extracts from males, but not females. Furthermore, the monoterpene synthase activity in males can be induced by prior treatment with juvenile hormone III (JH III) or by feeding on phloem from the host trees, Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) or red pine (Pinus resinosa Air.). The sex-specificity and endocrine induction of this activity argue for its involvement in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid pheromones mediated by enzymes from insect tissue. This discovery is the first example of a monoterpene synthase in the Metazoa and evokes exciting new questions about the origin, evolution, and occurrence of terpene synthases. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ British Columbia, Biotechnol Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Max Planck Inst Chem Oekol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Organ Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Gershenzon, Jonathan/K-1331-2013 OI Gershenzon, Jonathan/0000-0002-1812-1551 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD APR PY 2003 VL 90 IS 4 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s00114-003-0410-y PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 682ZX UT WOS:000183122900004 PM 12712251 ER PT J AU Cnaani, J Schmidt, JO Papaj, DR AF Cnaani, J Schmidt, JO Papaj, DR TI The effect of octopamine on behavioral responses of free-foraging bumblebees to a change in food source profitability SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID HONEY-BEE COLONIES; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; BIOGENIC-AMINES; APIS-MELLIFERA; BRAIN AB The invertebrate neuromodulator octopamine is known to be involved in bees' associative learning, enhancing the responsiveness of a bee to a conditioned stimulus. In this study, we tested the effect of octopamine on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees using a two-phase experiment in an array of artificial flowers. During the first phase of the experiment, the bee was allowed to collect octopamine-laden sugar water from two types of equally rewarding flowers (yellow versus blue). In the second phase, one type of flower was set to be unrewarding. The behavior of the bee (proportion of visits to the unrewarding flowers) over the two phases was fitted to a sigmoid regression model. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Cnaani, J (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD APR PY 2003 VL 90 IS 4 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s00114-003-0412-9 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 682ZX UT WOS:000183122900006 PM 12712253 ER PT J AU Ellis, DR Lopez-Millan, AF Grusak, MA AF Ellis, DR Lopez-Millan, AF Grusak, MA TI Metal physiology and accumulation in a Medicago truncatula mutant exhibiting an elevated requirement for zinc SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Medicago truncatula (barrel medic); zinc; manganese; copper; iron; mutant; metal accumulation; homeostasis ID HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; SOYBEAN FERRITIN GENE; IRON UPTAKE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; TRANSPORTER GENES; CHELATE REDUCTASE; EFFLUX FAMILY AB A novel, metal accumulating mutant of Medicago truncatula was characterized for tissue metal concentrations, plant growth, percent leaf loss, and leaf-cell metal influx capacity relative to wild-type plants. Growth, mineral parameters, and functional analyses were determined using plants grown hydroponically in complete nutrient solutions with varying levels of Zn and Mn. Depending on the growth regime, the mutant exhibited leaf necrosis, and was found to have elevated concentrations of Zn, Mn, and Cu in most tissues, along with elevated Fe concentrations in roots. General growth was reduced, and percent leaf loss was elevated relative to nutritionally replete wild-type plants, but was similar to Zn-deficient wild-type plants. Growth of the mutant on moderately elevated Zn levels, in combination with lowered Mn, reduced leaf necrosis in new leaves. We have named the mutant and its recessive mutation raz , for r equires a dditional z inc, because leaf necrosis is reduced when plants contain elevated Zn levels. Due to its similarities to Zn-deficient wild-type plants, the raz mutant should serve as a useful model to study micronutrient metal homeostasis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Lopez-Millan, Ana-Flor/A-7744-2010 NR 58 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 158 IS 1 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00706.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 657DG UT WOS:000181649700020 ER PT J AU Abou-Shanab, RA Angle, JS Delorme, TA Chaney, RL van Berkum, P Moawad, H Ghanem, K Ghozlan, HA AF Abou-Shanab, RA Angle, JS Delorme, TA Chaney, RL van Berkum, P Moawad, H Ghanem, K Ghozlan, HA TI Rhizobacterial effects on nickel extraction from soil and uptake by Alyssum murale SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Rhizosphere; Alyssum murale; bioavailability; metal uptake ID THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; STERILIZATION METHODS; TOXIC METALS; PLANTS; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; SIDEROPHORES; ACCUMULATION; RHIZOSPHERE; MECHANISMS AB Alyssum murale has a remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate Ni from soils containing mostly nonlabile Ni. Here, rhizobacteria are shown to play an important role in increasing the availability of Ni in soil, thus enhancing Ni accumulation by A. murale . Three bacteria, originally isolated from the rhizosphere of A. murale , were examined for their ability to solubilize Ni in soil and for their effect on Ni uptake into Alyssum . Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus , Microbacterium liquefaciens , and Microbacterium arabinogalactanolyticum were added to both sterile and nonsterile Ni-rich Serpentine soil from OR, USA. Sphingomonas macrogoltabidus significantly reduced Ni extraction by 10 mM Sr(NO3 )(2) from soil, M. arabinogalactanolyticum significantly increased Ni extraction, whereas M. liquefaciens had no effect. Extractability of few other metals was affected by inoculation. When these bacteria were added to surface-sterilized seeds of A. murale grown in nonsterile soil, they increased Ni uptake into the shoot by 17% (S. macrogoltabidus ), 24% (M. liquefaciens ), and 32.4% (M. arabinogalactanolyticum ), compared with uninoculated controls. These results show that bacteria are important for Ni uptake, which from a commercial perspective, could significantly increase revenue generated during phytomining of Ni from soil. C1 Mubarak City Sci Res, Genet Engn Inst, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Alexandria, Egypt. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Agr Microbiol Dept, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Alexandria, Egypt. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Mubarak City Sci Res, Genet Engn Inst, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Alexandria, Egypt. OI Abou-Shanab, Reda/0000-0002-3338-8094; moawad, hassan/0000-0002-7810-9562 NR 40 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 44 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 158 IS 1 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00721.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 657DG UT WOS:000181649700021 ER PT J AU Hultine, KR Williams, DG Burgess, SSO Keefer, TO AF Hultine, KR Williams, DG Burgess, SSO Keefer, TO TI Contrasting patterns of hydraulic redistribution in three desert phreatophytes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE sap flow; hydraulic redistribution; nighttime transpiration; phreatophytes; Chihuahuan desert ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; HEAT PULSE METHOD; SOIL-WATER; SAP FLOW; ROOT SYSTEMS; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; DIURNAL PATTERNS; LIFT; PLANTS AB We measured sap flow in taproots, lateral roots and stems within a single individual in each of three co-occurring tree species in a Chihuahuan desert arroyo to assess the seasonality and magnitude of hydraulic redistribution. Nocturnal reverse flow (hydraulic redistribution) was detected in shallow lateral roots of Fraxinus velutina and Juglans major during periods when surface soils were dry. Reverse flow in the Fraxinus lateral root ranged from near zero to 120 g h(-1), and was inversely correlated with nighttime vapor pressure deficit (D), suggesting that nighttime transpiration may have inhibited hydraulic redistribution. Reverse flow in the Juglans lateral root ranged from near zero to 18 g h(-1). There was no relationship between reverse flow and nighttime D in the Juglans lateral root, despite a weak positive relationship between nighttime D and rates of basipetal flow (flow towards the stem) in the taproot. Reverse flow in Fraxinus and Juglans ceased when surface soils were wetted by monsoon rains and flooding. We found no reverse flow or seasonal variation in root sap flow in Celtis reticulata. However, basipetal sap flow in Celtis roots continued throughout most of the evening, even during periods when D was near zero, and commenced in the morning more than two hours after the onset of sap flow in the main stem. Patterns of nocturnal root sap flow in Celtis may have been facilitated by the diurnal withdrawal from, and refilling of above ground storage compartments (i.e. above ground diurnal storage capacity), which may have prevented hydraulic redistribution. Species differences in nocturnal root function may have significant impacts on ecosystem hydrological fluxes, and should be considered when scaling fluxes to catchment, landscape, and regional levels. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hultine, KR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Burgess, Stephen/A-5019-2008; Williams, David/A-6407-2014 OI Williams, David/0000-0003-3627-5260 NR 31 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2003 VL 135 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-1165-4 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676LQ UT WOS:000182753900001 PM 12698337 ER PT J AU Hopper, KR Rosenheim, JA AF Hopper, KR Rosenheim, JA TI Within-generation bet hedging: a seductive explanation? SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-SELECTION; OFFSPRING NUMBER; VARIANCE AB Bet hedging occurs when a single genotype shows a variety of phenotypes in the same environment, and each phenotype is successful only when the particular circumstances to which it is adapted occur. The time scale of between-generation bet hedging ensures that all individuals with a given phenotype suffer the same fate-circumstances such as drought exert homogenous pressure on all members of a population. Under within-generation bet hedging, however, individuals with the same phenotype are subject to heterogeneous selection pressure-predation, for example, will affect some individuals but not others. An important consequence of this difference is that conditions favoring the evolution of within-generation bet hedging are very restricted. While a single lineage may realize increased fitness via within-generation bet hedging, this fitness advantage varies inversely with population size and becomes vanishingly small at even modest population sizes. Although several reviews and analyses have highlighted the differences between these two types of bet hedging, confusion persists regarding their respective definitions and evolutionary justification. Bet hedging is a seductive explanation because most students of evolution are trained to focus on costs and benefits at the individual level, and tend to seek adaptive explanations for individual traits. Although this focus is often successful, it leads us astray in the case of within-generation bet hedging. Only by assessing the fitness effects of a trait in the context of whole populations can one accurately identify traits that can and cannot be favored by within-generation bet hedging. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Delaware, OH USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hopper, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Delaware, OH USA. OI Oppenheim, Sara/0000-0003-1109-3639 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12051.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665EL UT WOS:000182106600024 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Heidari, M Sacco, RE Palmquist, D Guthmiller, JM Johnson, GK Jia, HP Tack, BF McCray, PB AF Brogden, KA Heidari, M Sacco, RE Palmquist, D Guthmiller, JM Johnson, GK Jia, HP Tack, BF McCray, PB TI Defensin-induced adaptive immunity in mice and its potential in preventing periodontal disease SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defensins; host response; innate immunity; adaptive immunity ID GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID; INNATE HOST DEFENSES; TOXIN-B SUBUNIT; BETA-DEFENSINS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN-1; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; MOUSE BETA-DEFENSIN-1 AB The severity of periodontal disease is dependent on a combination of host, microbial agent and environmental factors. One strong correlate related to periodontal disease pathogenesis is the immune status of the host. Here we show that human neutrophil peptide (HNP) defensins or human beta-defensins (HBD), co-administered intranasally with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA), induce unique immune responses that if used with microbial antigens may have the potential to hinder the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1 mug HNP-1, HNP-2, HBD1 or HBD2 with and without 50 mug OVA. At 21 days, isotypes and subclasses of OVA-specific antibodies were determined in saliva, serum, nasal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and fecal extracts. OVA-stimulated splenic lymphoid cell cultures from immunized mice were assessed for interferon (IFN)-gamma, Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. In comparison with mice immunized with only OVA, HNP-1 and HBD2 induced significantly higher (P<0.05) OVA-specific serum IgG, lower, but not significant, serum IgM and significantly lower (P<0.05) IFN-gamma. In contrast, HNP-2 induced low OVA-specific serum IgG and higher, but not significant, serum IgM. HBD1 induced significantly higher (P<0.05) OVA-specific serum IgG, higher, but not significant, serum IgM, and significantly higher (P<0.05) IL-10. The elevated serum IgG subclasses contained IgG1 and IgG2b. C1 ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Periodont, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Dows Inst Dent Res, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kbrodgen@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 77 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1034/j.1399-302X.2003.00047.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA 658VL UT WOS:000181741300006 PM 12654098 ER PT J AU Lewis, TM Horton, DR Lattin, JD AF Lewis, TM Horton, DR Lattin, JD TI Anthocoris tristis Van Duzee, 1921, a synonym of Anthocoris whitei Reuter, 1884 (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lewis, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 155 EP 155 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 802IN UT WOS:000220157300010 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Johnson, WC Horn, RH Barrington, GM Knowles, DP AF Goff, WL Johnson, WC Horn, RH Barrington, GM Knowles, DP TI The innate immune response in calves to Boophilus microplus tick transmitted Babesia bovis involves type-1 cytokine induction and NK-like cells in the spleen SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; type-1 immunity; innate immunity; NK cells ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; IFN-GAMMA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; NITRIC-OXIDE; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; IL-2 RECEPTOR AB The innate immune response to Babesia bovis infection in cattle is age-related, spleen-dependent and, in stabilate inoculated calves, has type-1 characteristics, including the early induction of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. In this study with three calves, parameters of innate immunity were followed for 2 weeks after tick transmission of B. bovis. Each calf survived the acute disease episode without drug intervention, and responded with increased levels of plasma interferon-gamma and type-1 cytokine expression, monocyte/macrophage activation, and CD8(+) cellular proliferation in the spleen. The proliferating CD8(+) population consisted primarily of NK-like cells, and the expansion occurred in parallel with an increase in IL-15 mRNA expression in the spleen. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Med & Surg, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 Anim Dis Biotechnol Facil, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2003.00625.x PG 4 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 717HQ UT WOS:000185082600002 PM 12940961 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Orellana, RA Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Orellana, RA Bush, JA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Glucose contributes to the regulation of postprandial protein synthesis in neonates SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 947 BP 167A EP 167A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900948 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Shah, M Lifschitz, CH Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Shah, M Lifschitz, CH Abrams, SA TI The effect of apple juice and orange juice on iron absorption in young children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 978 BP 172A EP 172A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900979 ER PT J AU Papathakis, PC Van Loan, MD Rollins, NC Brown, KH Bennish, ML AF Papathakis, PC Van Loan, MD Rollins, NC Brown, KH Bennish, ML CA Africa Ctr Child Hlth Grp TI Nutritional status of South African HIV-infected and uninfected lactating mothers SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies, Child Hlth Grp, Mtubatuba, South Africa. Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1885 BP 330A EP 330A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901884 ER PT J AU Sunehag, AL AF Sunehag, AL TI Parenteral glycerol enhances gluconeogenesis in very premature infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; HUMAN NEWBORN; 1100 GRAMS; NEONATE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; LESS AB We have previously demonstrated that very premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition maintain normoglycemia primarily by glucose produced via gluconeogenesis and that the lipid emulsion is most important in supporting gluconeogenesis. It is, however, not clear whether this is a result of the glycerol or the fatty acid constituent. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of intravenous supplemental glycerol alone on glucose production and gluconeogenesis. Twenty infants (birth weight, 1014 +/- 32 g; gestational age, 27 +/- 1 wk) were studied on d 4 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE). All infants received glucose at 17 mumol/kg(.)min for 9 h (after an initial study hour with 33 mumol/kg(.)min). Eight infants received no additional substrate during the study, and 12 infants received supplemental glycerol at 5 (n = 6) or 10 mumol/kg(.)min (n = 6) over the last 5 h of study. In infants receiving glucose alone, between period I (study hours 4-5) and period 2 (study hours 9-10), rates of glucose production ([U-C-13] glucose) decreased from 12.9 +/- 1.2 to 7.4 +/- 0.9 mumol/kg(.)min (p < 0.01). This was the result of decreased glycogenolysis but no change in gluconeogenesis ([U-C-13]glucose mass isotopomer distribution analysis) (5.1 +/- 0.6 versus 5.7 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg(.)min) (ns). Glycerol infusion at 5 and 10 mumol/kg(.)min, respectively, maintained glucose production (despite comparable decrease in glycogenolysis) by increasing gluconeogenesis from 4.3 +/- 0.2 to 6.3 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.03), and 6.0 +/- 0.7 to 8.8 +/- 0.8 mumol/kg/min (p < 0.01). In very premature infants, parenteral glycerol enhances gluconeogenesis and attenuates time dependent decrease in glucose production. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-001888]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 37857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 55478] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000054774.90893.0F PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661NU UT WOS:000181897300017 PM 12612213 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Dallal, GE Must, A AF Anderson, SE Dallal, GE Must, A TI Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: Results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE puberty; menarche; adolescents; obesity; overweight; body mass index; national surveys ID UNITED-STATES; OVERWEIGHT PREVALENCE; MENSTRUAL CYCLES; PUBERTY; HEALTH; FATNESS; GROWTH; ONSET; MAINTENANCE; ADOLESCENTS AB Objectives. 1) To establish with nationally representative US data whether menarche occurred earlier in the 1990s than it had 25 years before. 2) To assess whether the occurrence of menarche in relation to weight status and race had changed over this time period. Methods. Relative weight, race, and menarcheal status of girls in the National Health Examination Survey cycles II and III (1963-1970) were compared with results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Probit analysis was used to determine the average age at menarche during the 2 survey periods. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of relative weight to likelihood of having reached menarche. Results. The average age at menarche dropped from 12.75 to 12.54 years, and the percentage of girls between 10 and 15 years old who were above the 85th percentile for body mass index increased from 16% to 27% over the 25 years between the 2 surveys. Higher relative weight was strongly associated with increased likelihood of having reached menarche after controlling for age and race. Black girls had a lower average age at menarche than did white girls, which was independent of the effect of relative weight. Conclusions. These analyses from 2 nationally representative samples of US girls suggest a drop of about 2 1/2 months in the average age of menarche during the time period between 1963-1970 and 1988-1994. This was paralleled by a concurrent shift in the population distribution of body mass index z-score toward higher relative weights. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, M&V 1, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Anderson, SE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, M&V 1, Sch Med, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Anderson, Sarah/A-9792-2008 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK046200] NR 44 TC 240 Z9 248 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 844 EP 850 DI 10.1542/peds.111.4.844 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 662RA UT WOS:000181960600021 PM 12671122 ER PT J AU Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD AF Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD TI Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of two types of lignin SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE acetyl bromide; carbohydrates; dioxane; cell walls; spectrometry ID ACETYL BROMIDE PROCEDURE; CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; DFRC METHOD; DIGESTIBILITY; ACID; EXTRACTION; STANDARD; CLEAVAGE AB Lignin content can be useful to estimate fiber digestion of forage plants. Quantitative determination of lignin by the spectrophotometric method presumes an efficient standard. The objective of this work was to evaluate, by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), two lignins, one extracted with acetyl bromide (AcBrL) and another with acidic dioxane solution (DL), as standards in spectrophotometric analysis. Proton resonance revealed high presence of carbohydrates in the AcBrL residues. Because liquid chromatograph had already shown low contamination with carbohydrates in the DL samples, only carbon resonance, which is lengthier, but richer in details than proton resonance, was run on these lignin samples. The carbon resonance revealed typical peaks common to most lignins. NMR findings were harmonious with wet chemistry which revealed that the cell wall carbohydrates attached to AcBrL would possibly be cellulose whereas in the DL, the small carbohydrate components would come from pentosans. DL can be considered a better standard to the spectrophotometric analysis than AcBrL. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fukushima, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Av Duque Caxias Norte 225, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. RI Fukushima, Romualdo/C-2821-2012 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA PA EMBRAPA-SPI-PAB SAIN-PARQUE RURAL NORTE, CAIXA POSTAL 04 0315, 70770-901 BRASILIA, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 BP 505 EP 511 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 679NP UT WOS:000182929100009 ER PT J AU Ren, J Roughead, ZK Wold, LE Norby, FL Rakoczy, S Mabey, RL Brown-Borg, HM AF Ren, J Roughead, ZK Wold, LE Norby, FL Rakoczy, S Mabey, RL Brown-Borg, HM TI Increases in insulin-like growth factor-1 level and peroxidative damage after gestational ethanol exposure in rats SO PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gestational ethanol exposure; IGF-1; lipid peroxidation; protein carbonyl ID FACTOR-I; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALCOHOL INGESTION; MECHANISMS; HORMONE; PLASMA; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; IGF-1; VIVO AB Ethanol exposure during pregnancy elicits profound detrimental developmental and behavioral effects such as reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-1) in the fetus. However, few reports have addressed its impact on postpartum dams. This study was designed to examine the influence of gestational ethanol exposure on postpartum maternal organ oxidative damage and IGF-1 level. Pregnant female rats were pair-fed from Day 2 of gestation until labor with control or ethanol (6.36% (v/v)) liquid diets and were sacrificed 6 weeks after parturition (ethanol withdrawn after parturition). There was no difference in body weight during or after the gestational period between the control and ethanol groups. Litter size was significantly less for ethanol-fed dams. One-week postnatal PLIP survival was significantly lower in the ethanol-fed (57.1%) than the control (97.8%) group. Liver and kidney tissue IGF-1 levels and mRNA were elevated in the ethanol-fed mothers, accompanied by hepatic but not renal oxidative damage, indicated by profound lipid peroxidation (measured by malondialdehyde (NIDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)) and protein carbonyl formation. The levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and GSH/GSSG ratios in liver and kidney were not different between the ethanol-fed and control dams. Collectively, these data suggest that gestational ethanol exposure may lead to postpartum oxidative organ damage and a possible compensatory increase in organ IGF-1 levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Phys Therapy, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Coll Hlth Sci, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-6618 J9 PHARMACOL RES JI Pharmacol. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S1043-6618(03)00005-7 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 664XF UT WOS:000182089300011 PM 12644392 ER PT J AU Flier, WG Grunwald, NJ Kroon, LPNM Sturbaum, AK van den Bosch, TBM Garay-Serrano, E Lozoya-Saldana, H Fry, WE Turkensteen, LJ AF Flier, WG Grunwald, NJ Kroon, LPNM Sturbaum, AK van den Bosch, TBM Garay-Serrano, E Lozoya-Saldana, H Fry, WE Turkensteen, LJ TI The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEVADO-DE-TOLUCA; WESTERN SLOPES; MONT DEBARY; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; PCR AMPLIFICATION; P-INFESTANS; FLOW; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; OOSPORES AB The Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley of central Mexico was assessed using 170 isolates collected front cultivated potatoes and the native wild Solanum spp., S. demissum and S. xedinense. All isolates were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) multi-locus fingerprint genotype. Isolate samples were monomorphic for mtDNA haplotype because all isolates tested were of the la haplotype. A total of 158 multilocus AFLP genotypes were identified among the 170 P. infestans isolates included in this study. P. infestans populations sampled in the Toluca Valley in 1997 were highly variable and almost every single isolate represented a unique genotype based on the analysis of 165 AFLP marker loci. Populations of P infestans collected from the commercial potato-growing region in the valley, the subsistence potato production area along the slopes of the Nevado de Toluca, and the native Solanum spp. on the forested slopes of the volcano showed a high degree of genetic diversity. The number of polymorphic loci varied from 20.0 to 62.4% for isolates collected from the field station and wild Solanum spp. On average, 81.8% (135) of the AFLP loci were polymorphic. Heterozygosity varied between 7.7 and 19.4%. Significant differentiation was found at the population level between strains originating from cultivated potatoes and wild Solanum spp. (P = 0.001 to 0.022). Private alleles were observed in individual isolates collected from all three populations, with numbers of unique dominant alleles varying from 9 to 16 for isolates collected from commercial potato crops and native Solanum spp.. respectively. Four AFLP markets were exclusively found present in isolates collected from S. demissum. Indirect estimation of gene flow between populations indicated restricted gene flow between both P. infestans populations front cultivated potatoes and wild Solanum hosts. There was no evidence found for the presence of substructuring at the subpopulation (field) level. We hypothesize that population differentiation and genetic isolation of P infestans in the Toluca Valley is driven by host-specific factors (i.e., R-genes) widely distributed in wild Solanum spp. and random genetic drift. C1 Plant Res Int, Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. CEEM PICTIPAPA, Potato Late Blight Project, Izcalli Cuauhtemoc, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapino, Dept Fitotecn, Chapino, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Flier, WG (reprint author), Plant Res Int, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM wilbcrt.flier@wur.nl RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Garay-Serrano, Edith/B-2883-2017 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Garay-Serrano, Edith/0000-0001-5077-642X NR 50 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.4.382 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 659CJ UT WOS:000181759400003 PM 18944351 ER PT J AU Hao, JJ Subbarao, KV Duniway, JM AF Hao, JJ Subbarao, KV Duniway, JM TI Germination of Sclerotinia minor and S-sclerotiorum sclerotia under various soil moisture and temperature combinations SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LETTUCE DROP; WHETZELINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; SURVIVAL; INFECTION; INOCULUM; BEANS AB Sclerotial germination of three isolates each of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum was compared under various Soil moisture and temperature combinations in soils from Huron and Salinas, CA. Sclerotia from each isolate in soil disks equilibrated at 0, -0.03, -0.07, -0.1, -0.15, and -0.3 MPa were transferred into petri plates and incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20 25, and 30degreesC. Types and levels of germination in the two species were recorded. Petri plates in which apothecia were observed were transferred into a growth chamber at 15degreesC with a 12-h light-dark regime. All retrievable sclerotia were recovered 3 months later and tested for viability. Soil type did not affect either the type or level of germination of sclerotia. Mycelial germination was the predominant mode in sclerotia of S. minor, and it occurred between -0.03 and -0.3 MPa and 5 and 25degreesC, with an optimum at -0.1 MPa and 15degreesC. No germination occurred at 30degreesC or 0 MPa. Soil temperature. moisture, or soil type did not affect the viability of sclerotia of either species. Carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, measured as the number of sclerotia producing stipes and apothecia, was the predominant mode that was affected significantly by soil moisture and temperature. Myceliogenic germination in this species under the experimental conditions was infrequent. The optimum conditions for carpogenic germination were 15degreesC and -0.03 or -0.07 MPa. To study the effect of sclerotial size on carpogenic germination in both S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, sclerotia of three distinct size classes for each species were placed in soil disks equilibrated at -0.03 MPa and incubated at 15degreesC. After 6 weeks, number of stipes and apothecia produced by sclerotia were counted. Solitary S. minor sclerotia did not form apothecia, but aggregates Of attached sclerotia readily formed apothecia. The number of stipes produced by both S. minor and S. sclerotiorum was highly correlated with sclerotial size. These results suggest there is a threshold of sclerotial size below which apothecia are not produced, and explains, in part, why production of apothecia in S. minor seldom occurs in nature. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.4.443 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 659CJ UT WOS:000181759400011 PM 18944359 ER PT J AU Pfender, WF AF Pfender, WF TI Prediction of stem rust infection favorability, by means of degree-hour wetness duration, for perennial ryegrass seed crops SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease warning; infection model; Lolium perenne; thermal time ID LEAF WETNESS; DOWNY MILDEW; BREMIA-LACTUCAE; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; DISEASE; LETTUCE; MODEL; ASCOSPORES; PERIODS AB A weather-based infection model for stein rust of perennial ryegrass seed crops was developed and tested using data from inoculated bioassay plants in a field environment with monitored weather. The model describes favorability of daily weather as a proportion (0.0 to 1.0) of the maximum possible infection level set by host and inoculum. Moisture duration and temperature are combined in one factor as wet degree-hours (DHw) (i.e.. degree-hours > 2.0degreesC summed only over time intervals when moisture is present). Degree-hours are weighted as a function of temperature. based on observed rates Of urediniospore germination. The pathogen Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola requires favorable conditions of temperature and moisture during the night (dark period) and also at the be-inning of the morning (light period), and both periods are included in the model. There is a correction factor for reduced favorability if the dark wet period is interrupted. The model is: proportion of maximum infection = 1 - e((-0.031) x (DHwIndex)), where DHw Index is the product of interruption-adjusted overnight weighted DHw multiplied by morning (first 2 h after sunrise) weighted DHw. The model can be run easily with measurements from automated dataloggers that record temperature and wetness readings at frequent time intervals. In tests with three independent data sets, the model accounted for 80% of the variance in log(observed infection level) across three orders of magnitude, and the regression lines for predicted and observed values were not significantly different from log(observed) = log(predicted). A simpler version of the model using nonweighted degree hours (>2.0degreesC) was developed and tested. It performed nearly as well as the weighted-degree-hour model under conditions when temperatures from sunset to 2 h past sunrise were mostly between 4 and 20degreesC, as is the case during the growing season in the major U.S. production region for cool-season grass seed. The infection model is intended for use in combination with measured or modeled estimates of inoculum level, to derive estimates of daily infection. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, WF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 467 EP 477 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.4.467 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 659CJ UT WOS:000181759400014 PM 18944362 ER PT J AU Bassanezi, RB Bergamin, A Amorim, L Gimenes-Fernandes, N Gottwald, TR Bove, JM AF Bassanezi, RB Bergamin, A Amorim, L Gimenes-Fernandes, N Gottwald, TR Bove, JM TI Spatial and temporal analyses of citrus sudden death as a tool to generate hypotheses concerning its etiology SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis gossypii; binomial variance; Citrus limonia; C. sinensis; disease spread ID TRISTEZA VIRUS INCIDENCE; TOXOPTERA-CITRICIDA; DISEASE INCIDENCE; REUNION-ISLAND; SPREAD; PLANT; APHID; EPIDEMICS; PATTERNS; VECTOR AB Citrus sudden death (CSD). a new disease of unknown etiology that affects sweet orange grafted on Rangpur lime, was Visually monitored for 14 months in 41 groves in Brazil. Ordinary runs analysis of CSD-symptomatic trees indicated a departure from randomness of symptomatic trees status among immediately adjacent trees mainly within rows. The binomial index of dispersion (D) and the intraclass correlation (k) for various quadrat sizes suggested aggregation of CSD-symptomatic trees for almost all plots within the quadrat sizes tested. Estimated parameters of the binary form of Taylor's power law provided an overall measure of aggregation of CSD-symptomatic trees for all quadrat sizes tested. Aggregation in each plot was dependent on disease incidence. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of proximity patterns suggested that aggregation often existed among quadrats of various sizes up to three]a- distances: however. significant]a, positions discontinuous from main proximity patterns were rare. indicating a lack of spatial association among discrete foci. Some asymmetry was also detected for some spatial autocorrelation proximity patterns, indicating that within-row versus across-row distributions are not necessarily equivalent. These results were interpreted to mean that the cause of the disease was most likely biotic and its dissemination was common within a local area of influence that extended to approximately six trees in all directions. including adjacent trees. Where asymmetry was indicated, this area of influence was somewhat elliptical. Longer-distance patterns were not detected within the confines of the plot sizes tested. Annual rates of CSD progress based on the Gompertz model ranged from 0.37 to 2.02. Numerous similarities were found between the spatial patterns of CSD and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) described in the literature. both in the presence of the aphid vector, Toxoptera citricida. CSD differs from CTV in that symptoms Occur in sweet orange grafted on Ran-pur lime. Based on the symptoms of CSD and on its spatial and temporal patterns, our hypothesis is that CSD may be caused by a similar but Undescribed pathogen such as a virus and probably vectored by insects such as aphids by similar spatial processes to those affecting CTV. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Fundecitrus, BR-14807040 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. USHRL, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. INRA, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Bergamin, A (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agricola, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM abergami@carpa.ciagri.usp.br RI Bergamin Filho, Armando/C-2775-2012; Amorim, Lilian /C-2782-2012 OI Amorim, Lilian /0000-0001-9793-0850 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.4.502 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 659CJ UT WOS:000181759400018 PM 18944366 ER PT J AU Alloush, GA AF Alloush, GA TI Dissolution and effectiveness of phosphate rock in acidic soil amended with cattle manure SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE acid soil; nutrient acquisition; organic matter; PR dissolution ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; LIMING MATERIALS; GRASSLAND SOILS; SOLUBILIZATION; AVAILABILITY; PH; TRANSFORMATION; FERTILIZERS; CULTIVATION AB Phosphate rock (PR) and organic manure (OM) are promising amendments to acidic soils to correct P deficiency and Al/Mn toxicities. The interaction between PR and OM and consequent effects in acidic soil are not fully understood. The effects of OM on the dissolution of two types of PR (NCPR, North Carolina PR; SYPR, Syrian PR) and dry matter production and nutrient uptake efficiency in an acidic Lily loamy soil from West Virginia were examined in an incubation and plant pot studies. NCPR and SYPR were supplied at a rate of 500 mg P kg(-1) and organic manure at a rate of 30 g kg(-1). Observations were made over 126 days at 21-day intervals. The dissolution of applied NCPR and SYPR was calculated based on the estimation of ?Pi and ?TP-NaOH method. Dissolution of NCPR and SYPR calculated by DeltaTP-NaOH was quick during the initial 21 day (similar to20%), and thereafter increased slowly reaching 42 and 40% at 126 day for NCPR and SYPR, respectively. On the other hand, percent dissolution calculated based on DeltaPi-NaOH, while fluctuating within +/-5% between intervals, were less by 10 and 15% at 126 day for NCPR and SYPR compared to dissolutions estimated based on Delta-TP-NaOH. OM generally reduced PR dissolution, and to a 11-14% lesser extend in the presence of plant roots, presumably due to plant roots depleting P and Ca from the dissolution zone. OM increased dry matter production (DM) of switch grass, increased specific accumulation rates (SAcR, mg or mug g(-1) DM) of P and Mg in shoots, decreased SAcRs of Al and Mn in shoots DM, and increased use of P from NCPR and SYPR. Approximately 29% of dissolved P from applied NCPR or SYPR was Bray-1 extractable-Pi and increasing to 45% when OM was also amended to the soil. This increase in dissolved P probably explains the enhanced growth and P concentration in switch grass DM. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Alloush, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM galloush@fsrc.ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2003 VL 251 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1023/A:1022987915057 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660DQ UT WOS:000181818900004 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Grieve, CM AF Goldberg, S Grieve, CM TI Boron adsorption by maize cell walls SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE constant capacitance model; inner-sphere surface complex; surface complexation modeling ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; BACTERIAL SURFACES; METAL ADSORPTION; ION BEHAVIOR; WHEAT BRAN; MINERALS; BINDING; SOILS AB Boron adsorption by cell walls isolated from corn (Zea mays) roots was investigated as a function of solution pH and ionic strength. Adsorption increased with increasing solution pH from pH 4.5 to 10, exhibited an adsorption maximum at pH 10-10.5, and decreased with increases in pH above 10.5. Boron adsorption increased with increasing solution ionic strength indicating the formation of strong inner-sphere surface complexes. A surface complexation model, the constant capacitance model was well able to describe the B adsorption data, optimizing two B surface complexes and the dissociation constant for the surface functional group, XOH. The large absolute value of the dissociation constant is consistent with phenolic functional groups. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 2003 VL 251 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1023/A:1022902929018 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660DQ UT WOS:000181818900014 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Cochard, H Cruiziat, P AF Tyree, MT Cochard, H Cruiziat, P TI The water-filled versus air-filled status of vessels cut open in air: the 'Scholander assumption' revisited SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Acer platanoides; Juglans regia; embolism; open vessel-length; Scholander assumption ID XYLEM PRESSURE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; WALNUT TREES; EMBOLISM; TRANSPIRATION; CAVITATION; LEAVES; MAIZE; ROOT AB When petioles of transpiring leaves are cut in the air, according to the 'Scholander assumption', the vessels cut open should fill with air as the water is drained away by continued transpiration. The distribution of air-filled vessels versus distance from the cut surface should match the distribution of lengths of 'open vessels', i.e. vessels cut open when the leaf is excised. Three different methods were used to estimate the length distribution of open vessels and compared it to the observed distribution of embolisms by the cryo-scanning electron microscope (SEM) method. In the cryo-SEM method, petioles are frozen in liquid nitrogen soon after the petiole is cut. The petioles are then cut at different distances from the original cut surface while frozen and examined in a cryo-SEM facility, where it is easy to distinguish vessels filled with air from those filled with ice. In petioles of Acer platanoides and Juglans regia , the distribution of embolized vessels agrees with expectations. This is in contrast to a previous study on sunflower where cryo-SEM results did not agree with expectations. The reason for this disagreement requires further study for a full elucidation. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech Physiol Integree Arbre Frutier &, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand 2, France. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00997.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 663MP UT WOS:000182009600013 ER PT J AU Kamo, KK AF Kamo, KK TI Long-term expression of the uidA gene in Gladiolus plants under control of either the ubiquitin, rolD, mannopine synthase, or cauliflower mosaic virus promoters following three seasons of dormancy SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE flower bulb crop; floral monocots; transgene stability; Gladiolus ID AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; FUSION GENE; RICE; TRANSFORMATION; CALLUS; 35S AB UidA silencing did not occur following three seasons of dormancy for 23 independently transformed lines of Gladiolus plants carrying the bar-uidA fusion gene under control of either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S), ubiquitin (UBQ3), mannopine synthase (mas2), or rolD promoters. The highest levels of GUS (beta-glucuronidase) expression were observed in callus, shoots, and roots of plants carrying the bar-uidA fusion gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter and in shoots and roots of greenhouse-grown plants that contained the rolD promoter. There was no major difference in GUS expression when plants carrying the fusion gene driven by either the CaMV 35S, mas2, or UBQ3 promoters were grown in vitro as compared to growth in the greenhouse, although plants containing the rolD promoter expressed at 4- to 11-fold higher levels in shoots and roots, respectively, when grown in the greenhouse. The levels of GUS expression in greenhouse-grown plants were higher in roots than shoots for all four promoters. Of the 21 plants analyzed, 20 contained one to three copies of the bar-uidA fusion gene. Of the 23 plants analyzed, 11 had rearrangements of the transgene, but without apparent effects on levels of GUS expression. C1 USDA, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kamo, KK (reprint author), USDA, Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,Room 238,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2003 VL 21 IS 8 BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00299-003-0578-9 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 682ZN UT WOS:000183122400014 PM 12789525 ER PT J AU Alderman, SC Bilsland, DM Griesbach, JA Milbrath, GM Schaad, NW Postnikova, E AF Alderman, SC Bilsland, DM Griesbach, JA Milbrath, GM Schaad, NW Postnikova, E TI Use of a seed scarifier for detection and enumeration of galls of Anguina and Rathayibacter species in orchard grass seed SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cocksfoot; Dactylis; grass seed; grass seed nematode; Rathay's disease; seed conditioning; seed pathology ID ANNUAL RYEGRASS TOXICITY; CLAVIBACTER-TOXICUS AB Seed galls, caused by Anguina spp., are normally detected visually in cereals such as wheat and barley. However, in grasses such as orchard grass, the presence of galls induced by Anguina or Rathayibacter spp. are difficult to detect visually due to their infrequent occurrence and masking by lemmas and paleas. To develop improved seed assays for the presence of the nematode and bacterial galls, a small scarifier was used to remove lemmas and paleas without causing major damage to seeds or galls. Following scarification, the galls were visually identified and manually counted under a dissecting microscope. Using the scarifier, several orchard grass seed lots were screened for Anguina and Rathayibacter spp. The percentage of samples of orchard grass seed harvested in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during 1996, 1997, and 2000 containing galls of Anguina sp. were 37, 46, and 48, respectively. The percentage of samples containing bacterial galls with Rathayibacter sp. was 27, 31, and 40, respectively. Total galls with Anguina sp. per 25 g of orchard grass sample ranged from 1 to 24. The mean of Anguina sp. galls per sample in 1996, 1997, and 2000 were 4, 5, and 5, respectively. Total galls with bacteria per 25 g of sample ranged from 27 to 40; mean number of galls per sample in 1996, 1997, and 2000 were, 6, 5, and 11, respectively. This is the first report confirming the presence of Rathayibacter sp. galls in orchard grass in Oregon. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Agr, Plant Div, Salem, OR 97301 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Alderman, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aldermas@onid.orst.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.4.320 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658BC UT WOS:000181700900001 ER PT J AU Pfender, WF Alderman, SC AF Pfender, WF Alderman, SC TI Evaluation of postharvest burning and fungicides to reduce the polyetic rate of increase of choke disease in orchardgrass seed production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE cultural control; Dactylis glomerata; polyetic disease ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; GRASSES; TRANSMISSION; OREGON AB Epichloe typhina, causal agent of choke disease, is detrimental to orchardgrass seed production. The fungus grows systemically, persists indefinitely as an endophyte within the perennial host, and produces a stroma bearing conidia and ascospores at the time of host flowering. The ascospores or conidia are thought to infect plants through the cut ends of tillers after swathing at harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of systemic fungicides and postharvest treatments (burning and reclipping) to reduce the rate of increase of choke disease among plants. The fungicides propiconazole and azoxystrobin reduced germination of conidia of E. typhina in vitro, but had no effect on development of stroma or viability of conidia produced on infected plants. In field tests, fungicides applied to the cut ends of tillers after harvest were ineffective at reducing the rate of increase in disease. Likewise, reclipping of orchardgrass stubble after harvest, in an attempt to remove incipient infections in the tillers, did not reduce the rate of disease increase in the stand. However, propane-assisted burning of postharvest stubble did reduce the polyetic epidemic rate to 2.7% per year, compared with approximately 9.2% per year in plots receiving the fungicide, reclipping, or control treatments. The results suggest that postharvest burning may be useful in controlling choke disease and raise the possibility that there are infection courts other than the pith of cut reproductive tillers. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, WF (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.4.375 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658BC UT WOS:000181700900010 ER PT J AU Brlansky, RH Damsteegt, VD Howd, DS Roy, A AF Brlansky, RH Damsteegt, VD Howd, DS Roy, A TI Molecular analyses of Citrus tristeza virus subisolates separated by aphid transmission SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; SEQUENCE; RNA; STRAINS; AMERICA AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) exists in field isolates as a complex of virus isolates. This complex may contain both mild and severe CTV. Using single and multiple aphid transmissions, subisolates of the various field isolates were separated. Some CTV isolates that tested negative with the monoclonal antibody MCA13 consisted of MCA13-positive subisolates. Using primers to specific and variable regions of the CTV genome, molecular profiles of the isolates and subisolates were generated and compared. The profiles of the subisolates sometimes were very different from the parent field isolates from which they were transmitted. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, FDWSRU, Frederick, MD USA. RP Brlansky, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM rhby@lal.ufl.edu NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.4.397 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658BC UT WOS:000181700900014 ER PT J AU Smolinska, U Morra, MJ Knudsen, GR James, RL AF Smolinska, U Morra, MJ Knudsen, GR James, RL TI Isothiocyanates produced by Brassicaceae species as inhibitors of Fusarium oxysporum SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE forest nurseries; soil fumigation; soilborne fungi ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; APHANOMYCES ROOT-ROT; BORNE-FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; F-SP CONGLUTINANS; CRUCIFEROUS RESIDUES; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; SOIL AMENDMENTS; GREEN MANURES; TISSUES AB Glucosinolates contained in members of the Brassicaceae release isothiocyanates potentially useful in controlling Fusarium oxysporum pathogens in conifer seedling nursery soils. Our objective was to determine the toxicity of individual isothiocyanates to different growth stages of the fungus. Bioassays with four F. oxysporum isolates were conducted using sealed containers in which 0.3 mul of 2-propenyl, ethyl, buty, phenylethyl, benzyl, or phenyl isothiocyanate was allowed to volatilize. Propenyl and ethyl isothiocyanates were the most fungistatic of those compounds tested. The same concentrations of propenyl and ethyl isothiocyanates that inhibited mycelial growth completely suppressed conidial and chlamydospore germination of all isolates. Other isothiocyanates including ethyl, benzyl, and phenethyl were also fungitoxic to F. oxysporum conidia and chlamydospores. Reduction in pathogen populations resulting from a green-manure crop are likely achievable since chlamydospores are sensitive to isothiocyanate. Pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates infesting nursery soils would likely be most suppressed by species of plants such as Brassica carinata, B. nigra, and B. juncea, which contain glucosinolates that release high concentrations of propenyl isothiocyanate. C1 Univ Idaho, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Res Inst Vegetable Crops, PL-96100 Skierniewice, Poland. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Morra, MJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mmorra@uidaho.edu RI Morra, Matthew/B-1723-2008 NR 50 TC 59 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.4.407 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658BC UT WOS:000181700900016 ER PT J AU Tang, GQ Hardin, SC Dewey, R Huber, SC AF Tang, GQ Hardin, SC Dewey, R Huber, SC TI A novel C-terminal proteolytic processing of cytosolic pyruvate kinase, its phosphorylation and degradation by the proteasome in developing soybean seeds SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pyruvate kinase; phosphorylation site; C-terminal truncation; degradation; proteasome; soybean (Glycine max (L) cv Ransom) ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; PLANT; UBIQUITINATION; RAT; ELECTROPHORESIS; EXPRESSION; GLYCOLYSIS; PEPTIDES AB Cytosolic pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O -phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) is an important glycolytic enzyme, but the post-translational regulation of this enzyme is poorly understood. Sequence analysis of the soybean seed enzyme suggested the potential for two phosphorylation sites: site-1 (FVRKGS(220) DLVN) and site-2 (VLTRGGS(407) TAKL). Sequence- and phosphorylation state-specific antipeptide antibodies established that cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PyrKin(c) ) is phosphorylated at both sites in vivo . However, by SDS-PAGE, the phosphorylated polypeptides were found to be smaller (20-51 kDa) than the full length (55 kDa). Biochemical separations of seed proteins by size exclusion chromatography and sucrose-density gradient centrifugation revealed that the phosphorylated polypeptides were associated with 26S proteasomes. The 26S proteasome particle in developing seeds was determined to be of approximately 1900 kDa. In vitro , the 26S proteasome degraded associated PyrKin(c) polypeptides, and this was blocked by proteasome-specific inhibitors such as MG132 and NLVS. By immunoprecipitation, we found that some part of the phosphorylated PyrKin(c) was conjugated to ubiquitin and shifted to high molecular mass forms in vivo . Moreover, recombinant wild-type PyrKin(c) was ubiquitinated in vitro to a much greater extent than the S220A and S407A mutant proteins, suggesting a link between phosphorylation and ubiquitination(.) In addition, during seed development, a progressive accumulation of a C-terminally truncated polypeptide of approximately 51 kDa was observed that was in parallel with a loss of the full-length 55 kDa polypeptide. Interestingly, the C-terminal 51 kDa truncation showed not only pyruvate kinase activity but also activation by aspartate. Collectively, the results suggest that there are two pathways for PyrKin(c) modification at the post-translational level. One involves partial C-terminal truncation to generate a 51 kDa pyruvate kinase subunit which might have altered regulatory properties and the other involves phosphorylation and ubiquitin conjugation that targets the protein to the 26S proteasome for complete degradation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01711.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 660YH UT WOS:000181862400008 PM 12662311 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Schaffer, R West, M Wisman, E AF Horvath, DP Schaffer, R West, M Wisman, E TI Arabidopsis microarrays identify conserved and differentially expressed genes involved in shoot growth and development from distantly related plant species SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microarray; development; heterologous hybridization; growth ID LEAFY SPURGE; CELL-CYCLE; PATTERNS; DORMANCY; GENOMICS AB Expressed sequence tags (EST)-based microarrays are powerful tools for gene discovery and signal transduction studies in a small number of well-characterized species. To explore the usefulness of this technique for poorly characterized species, we have hybridized the 11 522-element Arabidopsis microarrays with labeled cDNAs from mature leaf and shoot apices from several different species. Expression of 23 to 47% of the genes on the array was detected, demonstrating that a large number of genes from distantly related species can be surveyed on Arabidopsis arrays. Differential expression of genes with known functions was indicative of the physiological state of the tissues tested. Genes involved in cell division, stress responses, and development were conserved and expressed preferentially in growing shoots. C1 USDA, Biosci Res Lab, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Hort Res, Auckland, New Zealand. USDA, ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA, Biosci Res Lab, ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov RI Schaffer, Robert/D-1018-2011; OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01706.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 660YH UT WOS:000181862400012 PM 12662315 ER PT J AU Liu, YD Jin, HL Yang, KY Kim, CY Baker, B Zhang, SQ AF Liu, YD Jin, HL Yang, KY Kim, CY Baker, B Zhang, SQ TI Interaction between two mitogen-activated protein kinases during tobacco defense signaling SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE mitogen-activated protein kinase; salicylic acid-induced protein kinase; wounding-induced protein kinase; hypersensitive response ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; MAP KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL-DEATH; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; HYPEROSMOTIC STRESS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PATHOGEN DEFENSE; OXIDATIVE BURST AB Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represented by tobacco wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK) have unique regulation at the level of transcription in response to stresses. By using transcriptional and translational inhibitors, it has been shown previously that WIPK gene expression and de novo protein synthesis are required for the high-level activity of WIPK in cells treated with elicitins from Phytophthora spp. However, regulation of WIPK expression and the role(s) of WIPK in plant disease resistance are unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that WIPK gene transcription is regulated by phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation events. Interestingly, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) was identified as the kinase involved in regulating WIPK gene expression based on both gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses. This finding revealed an additional level of interaction between SIPK and WIPK, which share an upstream MAPKK, NtMEK2. Depending on whether WIPK shares its downstream targets with SIPK, it could either function as a positive feed-forward regulator of SIPK or initiate a new pathway. Consistent with the first scenario, co-expression of WIPK with the active mutant of NtMEK2 leads to accelerated hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death in which SIPK also plays a role. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that the conserved common docking domain in WIPK is required for its function. Together with prior reports that (i) WIPK is activated in NN tobacco infected with tobacco mosaic virus, and (ii) PVX virus-induced gene silencing of WIPK attenuated N gene-mediated resistance, we concluded that WIPK plays a positive role in plant disease resistance, possibly through accelerating the pathogen-induced HR cell death. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zhangsh@missouri.edu RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 53 TC 70 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01709.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 666TV UT WOS:000182193300002 PM 12694591 ER PT J AU Marin-Rodriguez, MC Smith, DL Manning, K Orchard, J Seymour, GB AF Marin-Rodriguez, MC Smith, DL Manning, K Orchard, J Seymour, GB TI Pectate lyase gene expression and enzyme activity in ripening banana fruit SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell wall; fruit softening; Musa; pectin ID REFINED 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; 2.2-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PECTIC ENZYMES; SEQUENCE; CDNA; IDENTIFICATION; MANIPULATION; PATHOGENESIS; HOMOLOGY AB Two distinct cDNA clones showing sequence homology to higher-plant pectate lyase (Pel) genes were isolated from ripening banana fruits. The transcripts were detected only in fruit tissue and both were strongly ripening-related. Yeast transformation with the most highly expressed Pel clone produced a recombinant protein with pectate lyase activity, demonstrating that this sequence was likely to encode a pectate lyase protein in planta. An assay developed for measuring the action of the endogenous enzyme from banana pulp tissue revealed a significant increase in calcium-dependent pectate lyase activity during ripening. The enhanced levels of enzyme activity corresponded with an increase in soluble polyuronides from banana pulp. C1 Hort Res Int, Plant Genet & Biotechnol Dept, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Greenwich, Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. RP Hort Res Int, Plant Genet & Biotechnol Dept, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. EM graham.seymour@hri.ac.uk RI Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; OI Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1023/A:1023057202847 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 662KB UT WOS:000181944900005 PM 12777045 ER PT J AU Goujon, T Sibout, R Pollet, B Maba, B Nussaume, L Bechtold, N Lu, FC Ralph, J Mila, I Barriere, Y Lapierre, C Jouanin, L AF Goujon, T Sibout, R Pollet, B Maba, B Nussaume, L Bechtold, N Lu, FC Ralph, J Mila, I Barriere, Y Lapierre, C Jouanin, L TI A new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in the expression of O-methyltransferase impacts lignins and sinapoyl esters SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; lignins; O-methyltransferase; T-DNA mutant; sinapoyl esters ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CAFFEIC ACID 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; CELL-WALL; COA 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DOWN-REGULATION AB A promoter-trap screen allowed us to identify an Arabidopsis line expressing GUS in the root vascular tissues. T-DNA border sequencing showed that the line was mutated in the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 gene (AtOMT1) and therefore deficient in OMT1 activity. Atomt1 is a knockout mutant and the expression profile of the AtOMT1 gene has been determined as well as the consequences of the mutation on lignins, on soluble phenolics, on cell wall digestibility, and on the expression of the genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. In this mutant and relative to the wild type, lignins lack syringyl ( S) units and contain more 5-hydroxyguaiacyl units (5-OH-G), the precursors of S-units. The sinapoyl ester pool is modified with a two-fold reduction of sinapoyl-malate in the leaves and stems of mature plants as well as in seedlings. In addition, LC-MS analysis of the soluble phenolics extracted from the seedlings reveals the occurrence of unusual derivatives assigned to 5-OH-feruloyl malate and to 5-OH-feruloyl glucose. Therefore, AtOMT1 enzymatic activity appears to be involved not only in lignin formation but also in the biosynthesis of sinapate esters. In addition, a deregulation of other monolignol biosynthetic gene expression can be observed in the Atomt1 mutant. A poplar cDNA encoding a caffeic acid OMT (PtOMT1) was successfully used to complement the Atomt1 mutant and restored both the level of S units and of sinapate esters to the control level. However, the over-expression of PtOMT1 in wild-type Arabidopsis did not increase the S-lignin content, suggesting that OMT is not a limiting enzyme for S-unit biosynthesis. C1 INRA, F-78026 Versailles, France. INRA, INA PG, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. CEA, Lab Metab Azote, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INRA, Unite Genet Ameliorat Plantes Fourrageres, F-86600 Lusignan, France. RP Jouanin, L (reprint author), INRA, F-78026 Versailles, France. EM jouanin@versailles.inra.fr NR 92 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 973 EP 989 DI 10.1023/A:1023022825098 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 662KB UT WOS:000181944900015 PM 12777055 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, MM AF Nakata, PA McConn, MM TI Calcium oxalate crystal formation is not essential for growth of Medicago truncatula SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium; crystals; Medicago; mutant; oxalate ID GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS L; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; LEMNA-MINOR-L; OXALIC-ACID; ISOLATED LEAFLETS; IDIOBLASTS; PLANTS AB Plants invest a considerable amount of resources and energy into the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. A number of roles for crystal formation in plant growth and development have been assigned based on the prevalence of crystals, their spatial distribution, and the variety of crystal shapes. As a step toward determining whether crystal formation plays a critical role in plant growth and development, we characterized the growth, oxalate content, and mineral content of the calcium oxalate defective mutant, cod5. Examination of control plants, using light microscopy, revealed the accumulation of prismatic crystals along the vascular strands in all the different plant tissues with the exception of roots, in which no crystals were observed. In contrast, no prismatic crystals were detected in any of the different tissues of the cod5 mutant. Crystals of calcium oxalate were observed in the pods of cod5, but they were of a different morphology. Measurements of the oxalate content in the different tissues confirmed the cod5 crystal phenotype by exhibiting low oxalate levels compared to those of controls. The cod5 pods did contain measurable oxalate levels, but at levels several times lower than controls. Although compromised in its ability to accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate, cod5 exhibited growth, which was similar to that of controls. Moreover, cod5 and controls contained similar amounts of calcium, sodium, and potassium. Our findings suggest that calcium oxalate crystal formation is not essential for plant growth or development in the case of Medicago truncatula. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0981-8428(03)00026-3 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 680XU UT WOS:000183006000004 ER PT J AU Ding, CK Wang, CY AF Ding, CK Wang, CY TI The dual effects of methyl salicylate on ripening and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in tomato fruit SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACC synthase; ACC oxidase; ethylene production; gene expression; methyl salicylate; tomato ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE GENES; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CHILLING INJURY; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ACID SYNTHASE; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; OXIDASE AB Tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Sun Bright) at three ripening stages (mature green, breaker and turning) were treated with three different concentrations of methyl salicylate (MeSA) vapor to investigate the impact on ripening and ethylene production. The tomato ripening process, including the development of red color, ethylene production and respiration rate, was enhanced by 0.1 mM of MeSA during the mature green stage and 0.01 mM of MeSA during the breaker stage. But in fruit at the turning stage, even a low concentration of MeSA (0.01 mM) retarded the ripening process. High concentration (0.5 mM) of MeSA prevented red color development, ethylene production and respiration in all maturity stages. Northern hybridization experiments on mature green fruit, involving four cDNAs encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, showed that the abundance of LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 mRNAs increased during storage concomitant with a burst in ethylene production. These increases in mRNAs of LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 with ripening were suppressed by treatment with 0.5 mM of MeSA. But in 0.1 mM MeSA treated fruit, the transcript of LE-ACS2 had a large increase at day 1 and day 3 compared with untreated fruit. The abundance of LE-ACS4 was undetectable in untreated fruit at day 0, but accumulated with 0.1 mM MeSA treated fruit. Transcripts for the LE-ACS6 gene were undetectable after day 1 in the mature green stage. The transcripts for the LE-ACO1 gene, which were present at harvest in mature green fruit, increased greatly during ripening in storage. These increases in LE-ACO1 mRNA with ripening were delayed by treatment with both 0.1 and 0.5 mM MeSA. The results suggest that increased ethylene production by 0.1 mM MeSA in tomato fruit is possibly mediated by depressing the negative feedback regulation of the LE-ACS6 genes and increasing the expression of LE-ACS2 and LE-ACS4 through positive feedback regulation. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 164 IS 4 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00010-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 669FK UT WOS:000182341100018 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, MM AF Nakata, PA McConn, MM TI Influence of the calcium oxalate defective 4 (cod4) mutation on the growth, oxalate content, and calcium content of Medicago truncatula SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; oxalate; crystals; mutant; Medicago truncatula ID GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS L; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; LEMNA-MINOR-L; CRYSTAL IDIOBLASTS; ISOLATED LEAFLETS; OXALIC-ACID; PLANTS AB Calcium oxalate crystal formation has been well documented in plants. The pathway(s) and regulatory mechanism(s) of crystal formation and function, however, remain largely unknown. As a step toward expanding our understanding of crystal formation and function, we characterize the oxalate over-accumulating mutant calcium oxalate defective 4 (cod4). Measurements of oxalate content in the different cod4 tissues showed elevated levels in leaves, stems and pods, compared to the corresponding control tissues. Root oxalate content was similar between cod4 and controls. Microscopic examination of the cod4 tissues revealed that all of the tissues with elevated oxalate content accumulated druse crystals in addition to the prismatic crystals that are present in wild type. With the exception of pods, however, the calcium content did not increase in proportion to the increase in oxalate. Thus, more of the tissue calcium was partitioned into the crystalline form in the leaves and stems from cod4 than controls. Shoot biomass and chlorophyll measurements showed that the cod4 mutation also resulted in an overall reduction in plant growth and chlorophyll content. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 164 IS 4 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00013-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 669FK UT WOS:000182341100021 ER PT J AU Chardonnet, CO Charron, CS Sams, CE Conway, WS AF Chardonnet, CO Charron, CS Sams, CE Conway, WS TI Chemical changes in the cortical tissue and cell walls of calcium-infiltrated 'Golden Delicious' apples during storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; CaCl2; Malus domestica Borkh.; cell wall; pressure infiltration; postharvest ID POSTHARVEST CALCIUM; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; FRUIT; DECAY; QUALITY; HEAT; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; RESPIRATION AB 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) were either untreated or pressure-infiltrated after harvest with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4% CaCl2 solutions (w/v) and stored at 0 degreesC for up to 6 months. The chemical composition of the fruit cortical tissue and cell walls of the 2-4 mm layer under the epidermis was studied. Storage of untreated fruit resulted in a decrease in K, P, Mg, S and Suc content of the tissue, while Fru and Glc increased. In the cell wall, Ca, Mg and total polysaccharide content increased while S, P, total neutral sugar and protein content decreased. During storage, fruit infiltrated with 0% CaCl2 showed a decrease in total polysaccharide and uronic acid content while neutral sugar content increased. After 6 months, the 0% treated fruit had higher levels of total P, Na and S compared to the untreated fruit. These changes in the cell wall of both untreated and 0% treated fruit resulted in an overall decrease in cell wall content of the apple tissue during storage. Analyses of Ca-infiltrated tissue and cell wall characteristics showed an interaction between CaCl2 treatment and time in storage for total and cell wall-bound minerals, total neutral sugar (Glc, Ara, Gal and Rha), protein and cell wall content. CaCl2 infiltration resulted in an increase in both total and cell wall-bound Ca of the apple tissue during storage, with a maximum reached at 2% CaCl2 for fruit stored 4 or 6 months. Ca-infiltrated fruit had higher levels of total K and Na, cell wall-bound Mg, and reduced loss of Ara and Gal after 6 months storage compared to fruit treated with 0% CaCl2, resulting in reduced cell wall degradation of 2% CaCl2 treated fruit during storage. The major changes in the tissue and cell walls occurred after 6 months storage, indicating that this stage was critical for quality maintenance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Syst, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sams, CE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Agr, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Syst, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. EM carlsams@utk.edu RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 97 EP 111 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00139-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00139-4 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 659TV UT WOS:000181794300009 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Buta, JG AF Wang, CY Buta, JG TI Maintaining quality of fresh-cut kiwifruit with volatile compounds SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fresh-cut; kiwifruit; methyl jasmonate; postharvest; quality ID REDUCES CHILLING INJURY; METHYL JASMONATE; VAPOR; FRUIT; GRAPEFRUIT; REDUCTION; AVOCADO; DECAY; COLOR; ROT AB Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) were cut into 5 mm slices and placed in polystyrene trays. Various volatile compounds were introduced inside the trays before the lids were covered. The development of decay and the shelf life of the slices were evaluated during storage at 10 degreesC. Kiwifruit slices treated with 2.24, 11.2, or 22.4 mul l(-1) methyl jasmonate maintained good quality after 3 weeks at 10 degreesC compared to the control slices. Comparable results were obtained with absolute ethyl alcohol (300 mul l(-1)) or isopropyl alcohol (300 mul l(-1)). However, 1-propanol was less effective and methyl alcohol was not effective in maintaining the quality of kiwifruit slices. Methods of application affected the efficacy of the volatile compounds. In general, suspension of the source of volatile compounds within the trays yielded better results compared to volatilization of the volatile compounds from beakers placed inside the trays. In addition to having less decay, kiwifruit slices treated with methyl jasmonate also maintained higher levels of sugars and organic acids compared to the untreated slices. Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the trays indicated that oxygen never dropped below 19.5% and carbon dioxide remained at approximately 0.8% in all treatments during the 3 weeks at 10 degreesC. No differences in respiration rates between methyl jasmonate treatment and control were detected. Ethylene production increased during the first 7 days and then decreased gradually. However, no differences in ethylene production between methyl jasmonate treatment and control were found. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, BARCW, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARCW, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Bg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 181 EP 186 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00125-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00125-4 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 659TV UT WOS:000181794300017 ER PT J AU Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Maurice, DV Gerard, PD AF Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Maurice, DV Gerard, PD TI Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation at twelve weeks of age on egg yolk composition in commercial egg laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg; layer; lipid; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; yolk ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; THIOESTERASE DOMAIN; LIPID-METABOLISM; RAPID SEPARATION; BROILER BREEDER; NEUTRAL LIPIDS; INFECTION; PERFORMANCE; SYNOVIAE AB In two trials, the effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) on the contents of egg yolks from commercial Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were investigated over a production cycle. Ten hens were assigned to each of 8 (trial 1) or 16 (trial 2) negative pressure fiberglass biological isolation units. Birds in half of the total units served as sham-inoculated controls, and those in the other half were inoculated with FMG at 12 wk of age. Eggs were collected and yolks were harvested at various times during the prepeak, peak, and postpeak periods of both trials for constituent analysis. Yolk constituents analyzed in these trials included moisture, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and fatty acids. In both trials, total yolk lipid at 22 wk of age was significantly decreased in birds inoculated with FMG. In trial 1, yolk cholesterol at 28 wk was significantly decreased in FMG-inoculated birds. Yolk linoleic acid in trial 1 and yolk stearic and arachidonic acids in trial 2 were significantly increased in FMG-inoculated birds compared to FMG-free birds. In trial 2, yolk myristic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid percentages were significantly decreased in FMG-inoculated birds compared to FMG-free birds. These data suggest that alterations in egg production in commercial layers in response to an FMG infection at 12 wk of age are associated with changes in yolk composition. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Clemson, SC USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 68 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 577 EP 584 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 665XA UT WOS:000182145500009 PM 12710476 ER PT J AU Peebles, ED Branton, SL Burnham, MR Gerard, PD AF Peebles, ED Branton, SL Burnham, MR Gerard, PD TI Influences of supplemental dietary poultry fat and F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on the early performance of commercial egg laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE commercial layer; egg production; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; performance; poultry fat ID DUAL INFECTION; LINOLEIC-ACID; LAYER HENS; SYNOVIAE; CHICKENS; VACCINATION; CYCLE; AGE AB F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) may alter reproductive performance in layers through its effects on lipid metabolism. Therefore, the influences of 1.5% supplemental dietary poultry fat (PF) and FMG infection on the early performance of commercial egg-laying hens were determined. Birds were either sham- or FMG-inoculated at 12 wk, and experimental diets were initiated at 20 wk of age. Body weight at 12, 20, and 24 wk, total daily egg mass, feed consumption and feed conversion at 20 and 24 wk, weekly egg weight between 19 and 26 wk, weekly egg production (EP) between 18 and 26 wk, and weekly mortality between 12 and 26 wk of age were determined. Inoculation with FMG reduced EP at 18 and 19 wk of age. Between 20 and 26 wk, FMG reduced EP in birds fed control diets, conversely, PF eliminated differences in EP between sham- and FMG-inoculated birds. Furthermore, at wk 20 and 24, birds consumed less feed when fed PF-supplemented diets than when fed control diets if they were sham-inoculated, but the difference in feed consumption between diets was ameliorated if birds were previously inoculated with FMG. These data demonstrate that the effects of a 12-wk inoculation of FMG on EP and feed consumption through 26 wk of age in commercial egg-laying chickens can be modified by 1.5% supplemental dietary PE More specifically, PF may alleviate reductions in early EP due to FMG. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 596 EP 602 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 665XA UT WOS:000182145500012 PM 12710479 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Stone, HD AF Gast, RK Holt, PS Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Stone, HD TI Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in incubated pools of egg contents by fluorescence polarization and lateral flow immunodiffusion SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; egg; fluorescence polarization; lateral flow immunodiffusion ID COLONIZE REPRODUCTIVE-ORGANS; UNITED-STATES; LAYING HENS; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; CONTAMINATE EGGS; RAPID DETECTION; LIQUID EGG; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS; ABILITIES AB Efficient detection of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs is critical for confirming that individual commercial laying flocks present a risk to public health. In most standard bacteriological culturing protocols, an initial incubation step is necessary to allow the typically very small population of S. enteritidis cells in pools of egg contents to multiply to more easily detectable levels. In the present study, two rapid methods were evaluated as alternatives to plating on selective media for detecting S. enteritidis in incubated egg pools. By using either fluorescence polarization or lateral flow immunodiffusion assays, S. enteritidis could be consistently detected in egg pools at 10(8) cfu/mL (and in most pools at 10(7) cfu/mL). Although the rapid assays were significantly less sensitive than culturing, they both were consistently able to detect contamination when pools of 10 eggs were inoculated with approximately 10 cfu of S. enteritidis and incubated for 72 h at 25degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Diachemix Corp, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 4 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 665XA UT WOS:000182145500026 PM 12710492 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, SH TI Review of the new world leafhopper genus Excultanus oman (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Deltocephalinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE taxonomy; vector; athysanini; Excultanus AB The taxonomy of the New World genus Excultanus is reviewed. Excultanus argillaceus (Van Duzee) is placed under E. excultus (Uhler), n. syn. Excultanus paraconus, n. sp. is described from Cost Rica. The known southward limit of the genus is extended from Guatemala to Misiones, Argentina. A key to the 12 species is provided, as well as a checklist with critical synonymies and distribution summaries. C1 Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Institut, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Institut, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400004 ER PT J AU Gates, MW Schauff, ME AF Gates, MW Schauff, ME TI A new species of Cirrospilus Westwood (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) from southeastern Arizona SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Hymenoptera; Eulophidae; Cirrospilus; taxonomy; Chalcidoidea AB Cirrospilus infuscatus, n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is described from southeastern Arizona. This species was reared from Tischeria bifurcata Braun (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae) on Ceanothus fendleri A. Gray (Rhamnaceae). C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400005 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG Sullivan, JB AF Pogue, MG Sullivan, JB TI Re-evaluation of the Elaphria festivoides (Gueniee) species complex (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Elaphria alapallida; Elaphria festivoides; taxonomy; distribution AB Elaphria alapallida, new species, is described and illustrated. Elaphria festivoides (Guenee) is re-evaluated and distinguished from E. alapallida by the structures of the male vesica and female appendix bursa. In the male genitalia of E. festivoides, the cornuti in the vesica are larger and more numerous than in E. alapallida. In the female genitalia of E. festivoides, the appendix bursa is curved behind the corpus bursae, and in E. alapallida it projects vertically from lateral margin of corpus bursae. The distribution of collecting dates suggests E. festivoides is at least double brooded and E. alapallida is single brooded. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 331 EP 347 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400009 ER PT J AU Aslan, I Ozbek, H Konstantinov, A AF Aslan, I Ozbek, H Konstantinov, A TI Flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) occurring on Amaranthus retroflexus L. in Erzurum Province, Turkey, and their potential as biological control agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE flea beetles; biological control; Amaranthus retroflexus L.; Chaetocnema AB Species composition and abundance of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) associated with Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) were studied in Erzurum province, Turkey, to find potential candidates for biological control of this weed. Insects were collected by sweeping net and aspirator on plant foliage at eight localities four times during the growing season. During three years of exploration, ten species of flea beetles were collected Chaetocnema breviuscula (Faldermann), Ch. concinna (Marsham), Ch. hortensis (Geoffroy), Ch. tibialis (Illiger), Longitarsus longipennis Kutschera, L. pellucidus Foudras, Phyllotreta atra (F), Ph. cruciferae (Goeze), Ph. nigripes (E), and Ph. vittula (Redtenbacher). In all localities Ch. tibialis was more abundant than other species. Simple feeding tests in petri dishes showed that only the Chaetocnema species were actually feeding on leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus. Analysis of flea beetle species associated with this plant shows that it is probably not native to Turkey. C1 Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Aslan, I (reprint author), Ataturk Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400019 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, SH TI Some new generic names in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera : Deltocephalinae, Selenocephalinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE leafhoppers; Homoptera; Auchenorrhyncha; new genus; new tribe AB New replacement names are proposed for eleven genera of deltocephaline and selenocephaline leafhoppers: Mehiphanes for Hemiphanes Emeljanov (subgenus of Euscelis), Ctenurellina for Ctenurella Vilbaste, Mocolinna for Mocoa Linnavuori & DeLong, Saadevra for Saavedra Linnavuori & DeLong, Salsocolila for Salsolicola Theron, Suarezilinna for Suarezia Linnavuori & DeLong, Idyinna for Idyia Linnavuori (subgenus of Cicadulina), Garusa for Argusa Emeljanov (subgenus of Phlebiastes), Dwightla for Dwightia Linnavuori & Al-Ne'amy, Bumka for Kumba Linnavuori & Al-Ne'amy, and Moluccazhangia for Moluccasia Zhang & Webb. The new generic names circumscribe 27 valid species, all of which, except three in the preoccupied subgenera, are here proposed in new combinations. The new tribe Dwightlini is proposed to replace Dwightiini. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 447 EP 451 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400020 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Thompson, FC AF Norrbom, AL Thompson, FC TI Richard Herbert Foote (1918-2002) - Obituary SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 508 EP 516 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 664KZ UT WOS:000182061400027 ER PT J AU Szurmak, B Strokovskaya, L Mooney, BP Randall, DD Miernyk, JA AF Szurmak, B Strokovskaya, L Mooney, BP Randall, DD Miernyk, JA TI Expression and assembly of Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate dehydrogenase in insect cell cytoplasm SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE baculovirus expression; protein assembly; protein kinase; pyruvate dehydrogenase; regulatory phosphorylation ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; MULTIENZYME COMPLEX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; E1-BETA SUBUNITS; LIPOYL DOMAIN; E1 COMPONENT; KINASE; E1-ALPHA; ACETYLTRANSFERASE AB A vector was constructed for expression of Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) in the cytoplasm of Trichoplusia ni cells. The construct, pDDR101, comprises the mature-E1alpha coding sequence under control of the Polh promoter, plus the mature-E1beta coding sequence under control of the p10 promoter. The E1alpha sequence was engineered to include a N-terminal His-tag. When protein samples were subjected to immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, the alpha- and beta-subunits co-eluted, indicating association. When the recombinant protein sample was further analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, it was demonstrated that a significant amount eluted at a size consistent with assembly into an alpha2beta2 heterotetramer. Recombinant E1 was able to decarboxylate [1-C-14]pyruvate, and was a substrate for in vitro phosphorylation by El-kinase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ukranian NAS, Inst Mol Biol & Genet, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD APR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S1046-5928(02)00712-X PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 673AJ UT WOS:000182556100019 PM 12699701 ER PT J AU Detwiler, LA Baylis, M AF Detwiler, LA Baylis, M TI The epidemiology of scrapie SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; genetics; geographical distribution; goat; risk factor; scrapie; sheep; spongiform encephalopathy ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; RESISTANT PRION PROTEIN; NATURAL SCRAPIE; PRP GENOTYPE; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; SUFFOLK SHEEP; GREAT-BRITAIN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION AB This review provides an update on the epidemiology of scrapie. The authors provide historical and recent information regarding the determination of geographical distribution, pathogenesis, transmission, genetic influence and the dynamics of scrapie within a flock. Also described are the risk factors associated with the disease and its spread within and between flocks. The current science may assist in providing a foundation on which prevention and control programmes may be based. Some examples of current national scrapie programmes are summarised. C1 USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Detwiler, LA (reprint author), USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Mercer Corporate Pk,320 Corp Blvd, Robbinsville, NJ 08691 USA. OI Baylis, Matthew/0000-0003-0335-187X NR 160 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 18 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 121 EP 143 PG 23 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 680QP UT WOS:000182989100006 PM 12793776 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Rawls, WJ Shein, EV Pachepsky, YA AF Guber, AK Rawls, WJ Shein, EV Pachepsky, YA TI Effect of soil aggregate size distribution on water retention SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil water retention; aggregate size distribution; regression tree; van Genuchten parameters; soil moisture ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MORPHOLOGY; TREE AB Quantitative information on soil water retention is in demand in hydrology, agrometeorology, agronomy, contaminant transport, and other soil-related disciplines of earth and environmental sciences. Soil aggregate composition is an important characteristic of soil structure and, as such, is expected to affect soil water retention. Our objective was to determine whether and how aggregate size distributions affect soil water retention from saturation to the wilting point. Soil properties were studied for samples of Podzoluvisols, Planosols, Chernozems, Fluvisols, Calcisols, and Gleysols. Cumulative particle size and aggregate size distributions were used in regression trees to determine what fractions provide the least heterogeneous groups of samples as determined from values of water retention at matric potentials of -10, -33, and -1500 kPa as well as from van Genuchten parameters of the water retention curves, all on a gravimetric basis. Soil aggregate composition provided important grouping parameters for almost all water retention characteristics in this work. Contents of either small aggregates (<0.25 mm, <0.5 mm, <1 mm) or large aggregates (>7 mm, >10 mm) were the grouping variables in most cases for parameters of the van Genuchten equation. No aggregate size distribution parameters were included in the regression tree for the water content at -10 kPa, whereas contents of aggregates of medium sizes do affect water content at -33 and -1500 kPa. Aggregate size distribution parameters can be useful in estimating parameters of soil water retention from other soil properties. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Moscow 199899, Russia. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BA, ANRI, AWPL, Bldg 173,Rm 203,BARC EAST Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 168 IS 4 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000064887.94869.d3 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 668UY UT WOS:000182312600001 ER PT J AU Davis, DE Wilson, WW AF Davis, DE Wilson, WW TI Wages in rail markets: Deregulation, mergers, and changing networks characteristics SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY; LABOR; EMPLOYMENT; IMPACT AB The Staggers Act of 1980 largely deregulated the Class I Railroad industry and has had profound effects on labor. Between 1978 and 1994, employment in the industry decreased by about 60%, while real wages (average compensation) increased by over 40%. Earlier research examined employment effects; in this article, we develop and estimate compensation effects using firm-level data. By using firm-level data, we are able to identify the effects of partial deregulation, an accompanying and massive consolidation movement, as well as changes in firm operating and network characteristics. Our estimates suggest that mergers contributed 5-15%, partial deregulation contributed about 20%, and changes in firm operating and network characteristics contributed 4-5% to the overall increase in wages. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Econ, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. Univ Oregon, Upper Great Plains Transportat Ins, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. RP Wilson, WW (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW,2133, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Wilson, Wesley/A-4256-2013; Davis, David/K-7680-2015 OI Wilson, Wesley/0000-0001-8969-291X; Davis, David/0000-0003-2418-5356 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 865 EP 885 DI 10.2307/1061655 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 666TE UT WOS:000182191900006 ER PT J AU Ziliak, JP Gundersen, C Figlio, DN AF Ziliak, JP Gundersen, C Figlio, DN TI Food stamp caseloads over the business cycle SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WELFARE-REFORM; INSURANCE AB We use a dynamic model of food stamp caseloads with state-level panel data to estimate the impact of the business cycle on food stamp caseloads in the era of welfare reform. The macroeconomy has a substantial impact on food stamp caseloads: A one-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate leads to a 2.3% increase after one year. In terms of welfare policy, a 10-percentage-point increase in the share of a state's population waived from rules limiting food stamp receipt among able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs) results in a 0.5% increase in contemporaneous caseloads. States with waivers from the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program in the mid-1990s had caseloads about 1.9% higher than nonwaiver states. While changes in AFDC caseloads have historically resulted in coincident changes in food stamp caseloads, our results suggest that the link between AFDC caseload and food stamp caseload changes has dissipated substantially after welfare reform. The cyclical sensitivity of food stamp caseloads indicates the importance of food stamps in smoothing consumption during economic recessions. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Econ, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Econ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ziliak, JP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Econ, 335 Gatton Business & Econ Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jziliak@uky.edu; cggunder@ers.usda.gov; figliodn@notes.cba.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 903 EP 919 DI 10.2307/1061657 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 666TE UT WOS:000182191900008 ER PT J AU Prelack, K Sheridan, R Yu, YM Stamatelatos, IE Dwyer, J Dallal, GE Lydon, M Petras, L Kehayias, JJ AF Prelack, K Sheridan, R Yu, YM Stamatelatos, IE Dwyer, J Dallal, GE Lydon, M Petras, L Kehayias, JJ TI Sodium bromide by instrumental neutron activation analysis quantifies change in extracellular water space with wound closure in severely burned children SO SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION; METABOLIC RESPONSE; CHLORIDE; DILUTION; INFANTS; VOLUME; SALIVA; TISSUES AB Background. The ability to measure extracellular water (ECW) in critically ill patients can significantly enhance current methods of assessing fluid homeostasis, body composition, and response to nutritional therapy. We measured corrected bromide space to determine change in ECW with wound closure among acutely burned children. Methods. Fifteen children with burns over 30% of their total body surface area had their ECW determined following hemodynamic stabilization and when wound closure was complete. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and 4 hours after receiving 25 mg/kg of sodium bromide. Plasma bromide was quantified by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results. Mean CBS decreased with wound closure (9.1 +/- 4.1 vs 7.9 +/- 3.9 liters; P =.04), indicating a significant decrease in ECW over the course of recovery. A decline in weight also occurred over the same period (32.4 +/- 15.2 vs 29.1 +/- 13.5 kg; P =.007); however, change in corrected bromide space as a proportion of weight was not statistically significant. Conclusion. A significant decrease in ECW accompanies the weight loss observed in patients following wound closure. Measurement of bromide dilution space is a convenient method for monitoring ECW that can be done at the bedside. C1 Tufts Univ, Shriners Hosp Children, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. RP Prelack, K (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Shriners Hosp Children, 51 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1067/msy.2003.108 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 674MN UT WOS:000182640700010 PM 12717357 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE Kim, J Hardin, IR AF Himmelsbach, DS Akin, DE Kim, J Hardin, IR TI Chemical structural investigation of the cotton fiber base and associated seed coat: Fourier-transform infrared mapping and histochemistry SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USITATISSIMUM L. STEMS; FLAX; MICROSPECTROSCOPY AB Fourier-transform mid-infrared mapping and histochemical staining are used to reveal the location and relative importance of chemical components involved with the base of cotton fibers and their associated seed coat. These two complementary techniques are focused on the nature of the chemical components that hold cotton fibers at their bases to the seed coat and with other portions of seed coat fragments that are often found as part of the trash component of ginned cotton. Infrared results reveal waxes or long-chain alcohols adjacent to the shank of cotton fiber bases in the outer epidermal tissue in all regions of the cotton seed; uronate anions in the outer epidermis and pigment layers surrounding the bases of the fibers and strongly present in the upper palisade layer tissue of all seed regions; compounds containing carbonyl functionality, acids, and bases, at the juncture of the upper palisade and colorless layers; tannin or pretannin-type aromatic structures in the outer pigment layer and interior to the cells in the epidermal layer of all seed coat regions; and lignin-type aromatics in the "colorless" layer of all regions of the seed coat. The infrared results are complemented by staining with Oil Red 0 for waxes, Ruthenium Red for pectins, acid phloroglucinol for lignins, and vanillin-HCI for tannins. The results provide a better understanding of fiber-seed interactions that are important to the development of methods for improving the separation of cotton fibers from seed coats. In turn, this will help to avoid breaking fibers and pulling out seed coat fragments with the fibers during ginning. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Text Merchandising & Interiors, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Himmelsbach, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 73 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1177/004051750307300401 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 666UC UT WOS:000182194000001 ER PT J AU Kim, MS Brunsfeld, SJ McDonald, GI Klopfenstein, NB AF Kim, MS Brunsfeld, SJ McDonald, GI Klopfenstein, NB TI Effect of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and rust-resistance breeding on genetic variation in western white pine (Pinus monticola) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; breeding stock; genetic variation; white pine blister rust ID AFLP MARKERS; ISOZYME VARIATION; NORWAY SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; RAPD; MAP; DIFFERENTIATION; HETEROZYGOSITY AB Western white pine (Pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species from western North America that has declined over the past several decades mainly due to the introduction of blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess the genetic variation in northern Idaho populations of western white pine (including rust-resistant breeding stock) in relation to blister rust. A total of 176 individuals from four populations was analyzed using 163 AFLP loci. Within populations, an average 31.3% of the loci were polymorphic (P), and expected heterozygosity (H-e) was 0.123. Genetic differentiation values (G(st)) showed that 9.4% of detected genetic variation was explained by differences among populations. The comparison between the rust-resistant breeding stock and a corresponding sample derived from multiple natural populations produced similar values of P (35% vs. 34.4%) and H-e (0.134 vs. 0.131). No apparent signs of a genetic bottleneck caused by rust-resistance breeding were found. However, a comparison of two natural populations from local geographic areas showed that the population with low pressure from blister rust had higher polymorphism and heterozygosity than the population that had experienced high mortality due to blister rust: P (30.7% vs. 25.1%) and H-e (0.125 vs. 0.100), respectively. In addition, the population from low blister-rust pressure had twice as many unique alleles as the blister rust-selected population. The genetic distance and Dice's similarity coefficients among the four populations indicated that the local population that survived high blister-rust pressure was genetically similar to the rust-resistant breeding stock. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, RMRS, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kim, MS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2003 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1010 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-1141-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 674EQ UT WOS:000182624700005 PM 12671747 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Van den Berg, AK Murakami, PF Shane, JB Donnelly, JR AF Schaberg, PG Van den Berg, AK Murakami, PF Shane, JB Donnelly, JR TI Factors influencing red expression in autumn foliage of sugar maple trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; carbohydrates; fall color; leaves; nitrogen ID LEAVES TURN RED; UV-B RADIATION; ACER-SACCHARUM; SENESCING LEAVES; NORTHERN VERMONT; LEAF SENESCENCE; ANTHOCYANINS; STRESS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB We evaluated factors influencing the development of autumn red coloration in leaves of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) by measuring mineral nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, water content, and phenology of color development of leaves from 16 mature open-grown trees on 12 dates from June through October 1999. Mean foliar nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations and water content were generally within the range published for healthy sugar maple trees. However, foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations were near deficiency values for some trees. The timing and extent of red leaf coloration was consistently correlated with both foliar N concentrations and starch or sugar concentrations, which also varied with N status. Leaves of trees with low foliar N concentrations turned red earlier and more completely than those of trees with high foliar N concentrations. Low-N trees also had higher foliar starch concentrations than high-N trees. During the autumn development of red leaf coloration, foliar starch, glucose and fructose concentrations were positively correlated with red leaf color expression. At peak red expression, the concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose and stachyose were all positively correlated with red color expressed as a percent of total leaf area. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. Univ Vermont, Proctor Maple Res Ctr, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 49 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 12 U2 45 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 5 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 669EP UT WOS:000182339200004 PM 12615547 ER PT J AU Woolfolk, WTM Friend, AL AF Woolfolk, WTM Friend, AL TI Growth response of cottonwood roots to varied NH4 : NO3 ratios in enriched patches SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammonium : nitrate ratio preference; ammonium nutrition; nitrate nutrition; nitrogen-enriched patches; root foraging; root morphology; root proliferation; sand culture ID PLANT CARBON ALLOCATION; RED CEDAR SAPLINGS; NITROGEN STRESS; NITRATE; AMMONIUM; PROLIFERATION; MORPHOLOGY; SEEDLINGS; POPLAR; SYSTEM AB Maximization of short-rotation forest plantation yield requires frequent applications of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N). Whole-plant growth is known to be sensitive to the proportion of ammonium to nitrate (NH(4):NO(3)). However, the extent to which N form affects root growth, branching and morphology is poorly understood, and these variables may have substantial impacts on plant nutrient and water acquisition. We used rooted cuttings of cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) to investigate the effect of various NH(4):NO(3) ratios on root growth in N-enriched patches. A sand culture study with split-root systems was carried out in which 1-3% of the total root system of each cutting was supplied with 2 mM N at NH :NO(3) ratios of 0: 100, 20:80,40:60,60:40,80:20 and 100:0 (molar basis), with the rest of the plant supplied with 0 mM N, resulting in the whole plant becoming N deficient. During the experiment, whole-plant growth was unaffected by the treatments. Of the NH(4):NO(3) ratios tested, greatest total root length, specific root length, and root N concentration of roots in enriched patches occurred in the 20:80 NH(4):NO(3) treatment. The largest response of roots in enriched patches was third- and fourth-order root production. We conclude that N form has a profound effect on root development and morphology in enriched patches. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Coll Forest Resources, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Friend, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM afriend@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 6 BP 427 EP 432 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 670EQ UT WOS:000182394800008 PM 12642245 ER PT J AU Manel, S Schwartz, MK Luikart, G Taberlet, P AF Manel, S Schwartz, MK Luikart, G Taberlet, P TI Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; FREQUENCY MAPS; BROOK CHARR; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INDIVIDUALS; MARKERS AB Understanding the processes and patterns of gene flow and local adaptation requires a detailed knowledge of how landscape characteristics structure populations. This understanding is crucial, not only for improving ecological knowledge, but also for managing properly the genetic diversity of threatened and endangered populations. For nearly 80 years, population geneticists have investigated how physiognomy and other landscape features have influenced genetic variation within and between populations. They have relied on sampling populations that have been identified beforehand because most population genetics methods have required discrete populations. However, a new approach has emerged for analyzing spatial genetic data without requiring that discrete populations be identified in advance. This approach, landscape genetics, promises to facilitate our understanding of how geographical and environmental features structure genetic variation at both the population and individual levels, and has implications for ecology, evolution and conservation biology. It differs from other genetic approaches, such as phylogeography, in that it tends to focus on processes at finer spatial and temporal scales. Here, we discuss, from a population genetic perspective, the current tools available for conducting studies of landscape genetics. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS,UMR 5553, Equipe Genom Populat & Biodiversite, Lab Ecol Alpine, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Manel, S (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS,UMR 5553, Equipe Genom Populat & Biodiversite, Lab Ecol Alpine, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 69 TC 1043 Z9 1096 U1 65 U2 560 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00008-9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 668AA UT WOS:000182266700012 ER PT J AU McKeon, TA AF McKeon, TA TI Genetically modified crops for industrial products and processes and their effects on human health SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the International-Council-for-Science (ICSU) CY MAY, 2002 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Internat Council Sci (ICSU) ID TRANSGENIC CROPS; EDIBLE VACCINES; PLANTS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENE; TRANSFORMATION; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; PROTEIN C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, TA (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5-8 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0924-2244(03)00071-2 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 701WY UT WOS:000184193000006 ER PT J AU Hohenlohe, PA AF Hohenlohe, PA TI Distribution of sister Littorina species, I: Tenacity and the wave-exposure gradient SO VELIGER LA English DT Article ID INTERTIDAL SNAIL; SCUTULATA; PLENA; PLASTICITY; GASTROPODS; SHORES; LIMITS; SIZE AB Data on the ecological differences between the sympatric gastropod species Littorina scutulata and L. plena are limited, in part because they were long regarded as one species and are difficult to distinguish in the field. I examined their relative distributions along a wave-exposure gradient and tested for differences in adaptations to wave stress by measuring foot length, width, and area across a size range of individuals, and by measuring tenacity on rock and glass substrata in the laboratory. The species were found together at most sites, and both species were found at all levels of wave exposure. Within each species, shell height was strongly related to foot length, width, and area, and to tenacity. Tenacity was directly proportional to foot area, but foot size did not scale isometrically with shell height; larger animals had proportionally smaller feet. Thus the tenacity/drag ratio is also lower for larger snails. The species did not differ from each other in any of these relationships. The distribution results lend support to the hypothesis that L. plena is associated with areas of freshwater inflow, such as estuaries and shores near the mouths of rivers, more than its congener. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Hohenlohe, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 664FM UT WOS:000182051100005 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JA Njenga, MK Alvarez, R Mawditt, K Britton, P Cavanagh, D Seal, BS AF Jacobs, JA Njenga, MK Alvarez, R Mawditt, K Britton, P Cavanagh, D Seal, BS TI Subtype B avian metapneumovirus resembles subtype A more closely than subtype C or human metapneumovirus with respect to the phosphoprotein, and second matrix and small hydrophobic proteins SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE turkey rhinotracheitis virus; paramyxovirus; emerging diseases; veterinary virology ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PNEUMOVIRUS ISOLATE; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID AB Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B (aMPV/B) nucleotide sequences were obtained for the phosphoprotein (P), second matrix protein (M2), and small hydrophobic protein (SH) genes. By comparison with sequences from other metapneumoviruses, aMPV/B was most similar to subtype A aMPV (aMPV/A) relative to the US subtype C isolates (aMPV/C) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Strictly conserved residues common to all members of the Pneumovirinae were identified in the predicted amino acid sequences of the P and M2 protein-predicted amino acid sequences. The Cys(3)-His(1) motif, thought to be important for binding zinc, was also present in the aMPV M2 predicted protein sequences. For both the P and M2-1 protein-predicted amino acid sequences, aMPV/B was most similar to aMPV/A (72 and 89% identity, respectively), having only approximately 52 and 70% identity, respectively, relative to aMPV/C and hMPV. Differences were more marked in the M2-2 proteins, subtype B having 64% identity with subtype A but less than or equal to 25% identity with subtype C and hMPV. The A and B subtypes of aMPV had predicted amino acid sequence identities for the SH protein of 47%, and less than 20% with that of hMPV. An SH gene was not detected in the aMPV/C. Phylogenetically, aMPV/B clustered with aMPV/A, while aMPV/C grouped with hMPV. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Anim Hlth, Compton Lab, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cavanagh, D (reprint author), Inst Anim Hlth, Compton Lab, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 92 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 AR PII S0168-1702(03)00041-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00041-8 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 669EX UT WOS:000182339900006 PM 12686426 ER PT J AU Deen, W Cousens, R Warringa, J Bastiaans, L Carberry, P Rebel, K Riha, S Murphy, C Benjamin, LR Cloughley, C Cussans, J Forcella, F Hunt, T Jamieson, P Lindquist, J Wang, E AF Deen, W Cousens, R Warringa, J Bastiaans, L Carberry, P Rebel, K Riha, S Murphy, C Benjamin, LR Cloughley, C Cussans, J Forcella, F Hunt, T Jamieson, P Lindquist, J Wang, E TI An evaluation of four crop: weed competition models using a common data set SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE simulation; Lolium rigidum; Triticum aestivum; crop; weed competition; models; common data set ID MULTISPECIES CANOPY MODEL; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; PLANT COMPETITION; WINTER-WHEAT; WILD OAT; SIMULATION; GROWTH; RADIATION; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB To date, several crop : weed competition models have been developed. Developers of the various models were invited to compare model performance using a common data set. The data set consisted of wheat and Lolium rigidum grown in monoculture and mixtures under dryland and irrigated conditions. Results from four crop : weed competition models are presented: almanac, apsim, cropsim and intercom. For all models, deviations between observed and predicted values for monoculture wheat were only slightly lower than for wheat grown in competition with L. rigidum , even though the workshop participants had access to monoculture data while parameterizing models. Much of the error in simulating competition outcome was associated with difficulties in accurately simulating growth of individual species. Relatively simple competition algorithms were capable of accounting for the majority of the competition response. Increasing model complexity did not appear to dramatically improve model accuracy. Comparison of specific competition processes, such as radiation interception, was very difficult since the effects of these processes within each model could not be isolated. Algorithms for competition processes need to be modularised in such a way that exchange, evaluation and comparison across models is facilitated. C1 Univ Guelph, Plant Agr Dept, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Melbourne, Inst Land & Food Resources, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Theoret Prod Ecol, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. CSIRO Trop Agr, Agr Prod Syst Res Unit, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Dept Hlth & Ageing, Off Gene Technol Regulator, Woden, ACT 2602, Australia. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Resources, Christchurch, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, N Ctr Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, KCR 201, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Deen, W (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Plant Agr Dept, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM bdeen@uoguelph.ca RI Benjamin, Laurence/B-5093-2008; Carberry, Peter/B-9768-2008; Cussans, John/A-2764-2010; Lindquist, John/D-8656-2012; Wang, Enli/K-7478-2012; Rebel, Karin/C-4750-2008 OI Benjamin, Laurence/0000-0003-3756-7855; Carberry, Peter/0000-0002-3555-2193; Wang, Enli/0000-0002-6653-5791; NR 39 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 116 EP 129 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00323.x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 663ZZ UT WOS:000182038400005 ER PT J AU Haar, MJ Fennimore, SA AF Haar, MJ Fennimore, SA TI Evaluation of integrated practices for common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) management in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE banded herbicide; weed seed production AB Studies were conducted to develop a weed management strategy for common purslane in lettuce based on available cultural and chemical control methods and an understanding of common purslane biology. A wide-band application of bensulide or pronamide reduced common purslane emergence compared with the standard narrow band. Both narrow and wide bands of pronamide as well as a wide band of bensulide reduced the time required to thin and hoe lettuce. The wide-band pronamide treatment reduced thinning time more than did the narrow band. Overall, none of the herbicide weed management expenses were lower for pronamide treatments than for bensulide and the control. Wide-band bensulide reduced weed management expenses compared with the control, whereas narrow bands did not. Common purslane plants uprooted 1 or 2 wk after emergence (WAE) did not produce any viable seed. Plants uprooted 3 WAE produced from I to 60 viable seeds, and seed production increased rapidly from 4 to 6 WAE. Flame and 2% (v/v) glyphosate treatments reduced seed production by uprooted common purslane. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, SW Res & Outreach Ctr, POB 428, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0229:EOIPFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695PM UT WOS:000183839500004 ER PT J AU Millhollon, RW Berner, DK Paxson, LK Jarvis, BB Bean, GW AF Millhollon, RW Berner, DK Paxson, LK Jarvis, BB Bean, GW TI Myrothecium verrucaria for control of annual morningglories in sugarcane SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; macrocyclic; mycoherbicide; mycotoxins; trichothecenes ID MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES; LEAF-SPOT; ISOLATE AB Conidia of Myrothecium verrucaria, sprayed in an aqueous phase-paraffinic crop oil emulsion (1:1 v/v) at 470 L/ha, controlled red, ivyleaf, smallflower, and tall morningglory plants (three- to five-leaf stage) by causing severe necrotic injury to leaves and stems. Conidia were not efficacious if applied in an aqueous carrier without oil. When applied in the field as directed postemergence treatments to sugarcane, a concentration of 4 X 10(8) conidia/ml generally provided > 90% death of morningglory, comparable with the atrazine standard at 2.2 kg ai/ha, and did not cause significant crop injury. Conidia produced on potato dextrose agar or rice flour slurry were about equally effective. When killed by autoclaving, conidia continued to be efficacious, indicating that the symptoms produced by the fungus were not primarily caused by infection. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis of filtrates from the fungal growth media or of harvested conidia showed the presence of several macrocyclic trichothecenes (NIT), some known to be phytotoxins. These included verrucarin A and H, roridin A and H, and isororidin E for filtrates and verrucarin A and roridin A for conidia. However, only trace amounts of NIT were detected in leaves of treated morningglory plants at 24 h after treatment and none at 48 and 96 h even though the fungus was isolated from leaves up to 14 d after treatment. Further study is needed to identify the causal agents responsible for the phytotoxicity produced by M. verrucaria and to assess potential of this organism as a mycoherbicide. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, Houma, LA 70360 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0276:MVFCOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695PM UT WOS:000183839500012 ER PT J AU Bunting, JA Simmons, FW Wax, LM AF Bunting, JA Simmons, FW Wax, LM TI Early preplant application timing effects on acetamide efficacy in no-till corn (Zea mays) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEED-CONTROL; ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; SOIL PROPERTIES; METOLACHLOR; DISSIPATION; ALACHLOR; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; FORMULATIONS; METRIBUZIN AB Metolachlor, dimethenamid, acetochlor, and a commercial premixture of flufenacet plus metribuzin were applied 60, 45, 30, and 15 d before planting (DBP) and at planting (preemergence [PRE]) at Dekalb and Urbana, IL in 1995 and 1996. The soil types were a Drummer silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) with 2.8% organic carbon and a pH of 6.5 at Dekalb and a Flanagan silt loam (Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) with 2.0% organic carbon and a pH of 6.2 at Urbana. Herbicide and application timing affected giant foxtail control and densities. Neither herbicide nor application timing affected crop injury or grain yield. Test of the main effects showed that metolachlor and flufenacet plus metribuzin were more effective than acetochlor or dimethenamid in controlling giant foxtail at 30 and 60 d after planting (DAP) and in reducing foxtail density at 60 DAP. Giant foxtail control 60 DAP was greater than 80% for both metolachlor and flufenacet plus metribuzin for all application timings. Dimethenamid and acetochlor applied at 60 and 45 DBP provided less giant foxtail control when compared with metolachlor and flufenacet plus metribuzin applied at the same time. All herbicides provided greater than 90% giant foxtail control at the PRE application timing. Giant foxtail control provided by metolachlor and flufenacet plus metribuzin was insensitive to application timing from 60 DBP to PRE, whereas both dimethenamid and acetochlor efficacy was lowered when applied between 30 and 60 DBP. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Simmons, FW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fsimmons@uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0291:EPATEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695PM UT WOS:000183839500014 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Williams, MM AF Boydston, RA Williams, MM TI Effect of soil fumigation on volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber viability SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundkeeper ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; ALTERNATIVES; BEHAVIOR; BROMIDE; TOMATO; SODIUM AB Management of volunteer potato is difficult and requires an integrated approach. Soil fumigation is one tactic known to reduce population densities of certain weeds and may be a method to improve the management of volunteer potato. The effect of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metham sodium on potato tuber viability was tested in sealed glass jars at various doses, incubation temperatures, and times of exposure. Tuber viability data were fitted to a logistic model, and 19, doses (90% suppression) were calculated for each combination of temperature and time of exposure. I-90 doses for 1,3-D ranged from 41 to 151 kg/ha and from 96 to over 480 kg/ha metham sodium. Both nondormant and dormant tubers were injured by exposure to metham sodium. Soil fumigation with 1,3-D and metham sodium has the potential to greatly reduce the number of viable potato tubers. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0352:EOSFOV]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 695PM UT WOS:000183839500024 ER PT J AU Farah, MH Ffolliott, PF Gottfried, GJ AF Farah, MH Ffolliott, PF Gottfried, GJ TI Growth and volume of emory oak coppice 10 years after thinning: A case study in southeastern Arizona SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE emory oak; coppice; stump-sprouts; thinning; growth; volume AB Effects of stump diameter and thinning treatments at different ages of Emory oak (Quercus emoryi) coppice (stump-sprouts) are described in terms of growth and volume of the stump-sprouts 10 yr after the thinning treatments were applied. Growth and volume of the residual stump sprouts depend largely on the number of sprouts left after thinning; the effects of stump diameter were inconsistent. Harvesting cycles for fuelwood and other wood products obtained from stump-sprouts can be shortened through coppice thinning. Structural diversity following earlier harvesting and future wood production in oak woodlands dominated by Emory oak are "optimized" by retaining three stump-sprouts after thinning. C1 Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. RP Ffolliott, PF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ffolpete@ag.arizona.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 664FT UT WOS:000182051600001 ER PT J AU Nowak, RS Hansen, JD Nowak, CL AF Nowak, RS Hansen, JD Nowak, CL TI Effects of grass bug feeding and drought stress on selected lines of crested wheatgrass SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Irbisia pacifica; grass btigs; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron cristatum x desertorum hybrid; feeding resistant genotypes; plant growth rate; drought ID RESISTANCE; LABOPS; ATTACK AB The sequential effects of feeding by grass bugs (Irbisia pacifica [Hemiptera: Miridae]) and of drought stress on the growth of 2 crested wheatgrasses (the hybrid Agropyron cristatum X desertorum and A. cristatum cv. 'Fairway') were investigated in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Growth rates of genotypes that were previously selected for resistance to grass bug feeding were not consistently greater than those of unselected genotypes when plants were exposed to bug feeding. Thus, the mechanism of resistance to bug feeding for the selected genotypes does not appear to be "tolerance," i.e., rapid growth rates that allow the resistant genotypes to compensate for damage to green leaves caused by bug feeding. In addition, previous bug feeding did not exacerbate the effects of drought stress on plant growth rates: droughted plants generally had lower growth rates, independent of the presence or absence of prior bug feeding. Thus. we suspect that the selection process may have inadvertently favored green, robust plants rather than true resistance to bug feeding. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Nowak, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676CP UT WOS:000182734600003 ER PT J AU Harper, KT Sanderson, SC McArthur, ED AF Harper, KT Sanderson, SC McArthur, ED TI Pinyon-juniper woodlands in Zion National Park, Utah SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE habitat types; management; woodland; Juniperus osteosperma; Pinus edulis; Pinus monophylla ID PLANT SUCCESSION; COLORADO AB Juniperus osteosperma-Pinus monophylla or P edulis (P-J) woodlands are the most widespread plant community in Zion National Park (ZNP), southwestern Utah. These woodlands dominate nearly half of the park's land area. Our study of this vegetational complex is based on a sample consisting of 115 macroplots (each 0.01 ha in area) objectively distributed across the entire area of ZNP We recognize 3 subtypes within the P-J complex: Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper) alone, juniper with P. monophylla (single-leaf pinyon), and juniper with P edulis (two-leaf pinyon). The 2 pinyon pines rarely occur together, and thus the foregoing subtypes do not overlap geographically to a significant extent. The first 2 subtypes occur primarily below 1800 tit elevation, while the latter is most commonly found above that elevation. Because of the scarcity of sizable expanses (over similar to10 ha) of well-developed soils in ZNP the P-J complex occurs primarily on sites where exposed bedrock covers a large portion of he habitat. As a result, over 90% of stands assigned to the P-J complex support less than 50% tree canopy cover (64% have less than 25% tree cover). Shrub cover increases along the woodland successional gradient. Pinyon cover increases faster than juniper cover. Microbiotic soil crust cover is consistently greater in J. osteosperma-P. monophylla woodlands than in J. osteosperma-P. edulis woodlands, but total living cover increases significantly along the successional gradient in both communities. To enhance plant and annual biodiversity, we recommend that pinyon-juniper woodlands of Zion National Park be managed so that late seral stages do not dominate large tracts. C1 US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP McArthur, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676CP UT WOS:000182734600005 ER PT J AU Stark, NM Rowlands, RE AF Stark, NM Rowlands, RE TI Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wood flour; wood fiber; polypropylene; mechanical properties; aspect ratio; coupling agent AB Commercial wood flour, the most common wood-derived filler for thermoplastics, is produced in a mixture of particle sizes and generally has a lower aspect ratio than wood and other natural fibers. To understand how wood flour and fiber characteristics influence the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites, we first investigated the effect of different sizes of wood flour particles on the mechanical properties of wood-flour-filled polypropylene composites. We then compared the properties of wood-flour-filled composites to those of composites reinforced with refined wood fiber. We also studied the effect of a maleated polypropylene coupling agent on composite properties. Wood flour particles (35, 70, 120, and 235 mesh) were compounded at 40% by weight with polypropylene. Increases in tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the wood flour composites were found to correspond with increases in aspect ratio. Notched impact energy increased with increasing particle size, whereas unnotched impact energy decreased with increasing particle size. Refined wood fiber and 40-mesh wood flour was compounded at 20% and 40% by weight with polypropylene. Wood fiber resulted in higher strengths at both filler levels and higher moduli at the 40% level compared to the strength properties of wood flour composites. The higher aspect ratio of the wood fiber had little effect on impact energy. The maleated polypropylene coupling agent caused greater strength increases in wood fiber composites than in wood flour composites. The coupling agent did not significantly affect tensile or flexural moduli. Our results clearly support the use of higher aspect ratio wood fibers and coupling agents for increasing the strength of wood/plastic composites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stark, NM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 7 TC 192 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 671UM UT WOS:000182482500003 ER PT J AU Simpson, WT AF Simpson, WT TI Mechanisms responsible for the effect of wet bulb depression on heat sterilization of slash pine lumber SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat sterilization; international trade; kiln-drying AB Heat sterilization is often required to prevent spread of insects and pathogens in wood products in international trade. Heat sterilization requires estimating the time necessary for the center of the wood configuration to reach the temperature required to kill insects or pathogens. In these experiments on 1.0- and 1.8-in.- (25- and 46-mm-) thick slash pine, heating time at 160degreesF (71degreesC) increased exponentially with increase in wet bulb depression. The time required for the center of green 1.0-in.- (25-mm-) thick boards to reach 133degreesF (56degreesC) varied from 15 min at a low wet bulb depression near saturation to 438 min at the dry conditions of 50degreesF (27.8degreesC) wet bulb depression. For green 1.8-in.- (46-mm-) thick boards, the range was 38 to 198 min, and for air-dried 1.0-in.- (25-mm-) thick boards, the range was 9 to 23 min. When the wet bulb temperature in the kiln was below the desired target center temperature of 133degreesF (56degreesC), heating times were extended far beyond the times when it was not, which caused problems in attempts to estimate heating times. Surface temperatures during heating were found to decrease from evaporative cooling as wet bulb depression increased. A finite difference solution to the heat flow equations, solved for the boundary condition of a time-dependent change in surface temperature during heating, offers a good estimate of heating time when the wet bulb temperature of the heating air is above the desired target center temperature. An analysis was developed to estimate the surface transfer coefficient that describes this boundary condition. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Simpson, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 175 EP 186 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 671UM UT WOS:000182482500004 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Wiedenbeck, JK Kline, DE AF Buehlmann, U Wiedenbeck, JK Kline, DE TI Effect of cutting bill requirements on lumber yield in a rip-first rough mill SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cutting bill requirements; lumber yield; rip-first rough mill; response surface; interaction between cutting bills and yield ID CHARACTER-MARKED FURNITURE; CROSSCUT-FIRST; INCREASE; INDUSTRY; SYSTEMS AB In recent years, producers of solid wood dimension parts have emphasized improvements in lumber yield, focusing primarily on lumber grade and cutting technology rather than cutting bill design. Yet, cutting bills have a significant impact on yield. Using rip-first rough mill simulation software, a data bank of red oak lumber samples, and a cutting bill that resembles those used in industry, we determined the effect of changes in part size within an existing cutting bill and the impact of part-quantity requirements on yield. The results indicated that cutting bill requirements have a large influence on yield when the shortest part length in the bill is changed. Medium-length part sizes also affect yield except when the cutting bill requires an unlimited number of small parts; in this case, yield always will be high. When an all-blades-movable arbor is used, length changes in the bill affect yield more than changes in width. This study reveals our current lack of understanding of the complex relationship between cutting bill and lumber yield, and points out the yield gains that are possible when properly designed cutting bills are used. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 671UM UT WOS:000182482500005 ER PT J AU Green, DW Evans, JW AF Green, DW Evans, JW TI Effect of low relative humidity on properties of structural lumber products SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lumber; laminated veneer lumber; laminated strand lumber; modulus of rupture; modulus of elasticity; ultimate tensile stress; moisture content ID NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; SOUTHERN PINE; VENEER GRADE; ELASTICITY; MODULUS; LVL AB Wood used in industrial settings, and in some and parts of the United States, may be subjected to very low relative humidity (RH). Analytical models available for predicting the effect of moisture content (MC) on the properties of solid-sawn lumber imply significant strength loss at very low MC. However, these models are generally valid only for MC above about 10%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the flexural and tensile properties of standard 38- by 89-mm (nominal 2- by 4-in.) dimension lumber equilibrated at 15% RH compared with lumber at 65% RH. Testing was done on solid-sawn lumber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The results of this study indicate that modulus of elasticity (MOE) in transverse vibration was about the same for lumber equilibrated at 15% and 65% RH for solid-sawn lumber and LVL, whereas LSL, at 15% RH was slightly higher in MOE than that at 65% RH. For solid-sawn lumber, the modulus of rupture (MOR) at 15% RH was found to be up to 8% less than that at 65% RH, whereas there was little difference between the two RH levels for LVL and LSL. The ultimate tensile stress of solid-sawn lumber and LVL was found to be about 10% lower at 15% RH, but there was little difference between the two RH exposures for LSL. The models of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard D1990 predicted the average shrinkage of the solid-sawn lumber, but none of the models adequately predicted mechanical properties after equilibration at 15% RH compared with those at 65% RH. Procedures are suggested for estimating allowable properties at 4% MC from currently assigned properties at 15% MC. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 247 EP 265 PG 19 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 671UM UT WOS:000182482500011 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Tolk, JA Howell, TA TI Water use efficiencies of grain sorghum grown in three USA southern Great Plains soils SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water use efficiency; irrigation water use efficiency; evapotranspiration; lysimeter; plant available water; soil water depletion; water stress ID LEPA IRRIGATION; SPRINKLER; SYSTEM; YIELD; CORN AB The ratios of economic yield: evapotranspiration (YET), or water use efficiency (WUE), and economic yield: irrigation water application, or irrigation WUE (IWUE), help evaluate the productivity of irrigation in agricultural systems. Water stress at critical growth stages, excessive soil water evaporation, soil water storage, runoff, and drainage are among the many factors which result in declines in either or both of these ratios. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil type, soil water use characteristics, and seasonal climatic differences on the WUE and IWUE of grain sorghum grown in the semi-arid climate of the southern Great Plains of the USA. In 1998 and 1999, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 'PIO-8699') was grown in 0.75-m rows with 16 plantS/m(2) at Bushland, TX in lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of either the Amarillo, Pullman, or Ulysses soil series. Irrigation treatments in both years were 100, 50, 25, and 0% based on replacement of ET, simulating deficit irrigation that results from limited water availability such as reduced well capacities. The WUE was significantly higher and ET lower in the milder climatic conditions of 1999 compared with 1998, which had a higher evaporative demand. Once normalized for climatic differences, yield response to ET was similar for both years. Crops grown in the Amarillo soil had significantly higher WUE compared with crops in the other soils, primarily due to reduced ET rather than increased yield. Grain sorghum, grown in the Ulysses soil was able to produce higher yields at lower plant available water (PAW) compared with the other two soils, but the crops in all soils reduced yield when experiencing water stress at a critical growth stage of pollination. At comparable final soil water contents, grain yields of the crop in the Pullman soil were higher in 1999 (lower evaporative demand) compared with yields produced in 1998 (higher evaporative demand), while the crops in the other two soils produced similar yields in both environments. The relationship between irrigation application and yield was more curvilinear in 1998 possibly due to increased soil water evaporation at the higher irrigation applications, while the relationship was more linear in 1999. In general, IWUE declined with increasing irrigation application within each year, but was variable in some irrigation treatments, due to water stress at critical growth stages. No differences among soil types occurred in IWUE in either year, primarily due to variability among replicates. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 2 BP 97 EP 111 AR PII S0378-3774(02)00157-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00157-9 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 655VN UT WOS:000181573500002 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Marko, M Claycombe, K Paulson, KE Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Marko, M Claycombe, K Paulson, KE Meydani, SN TI Ceramide-induced and age-associated increase in macrophage COX-2 expression is mediated through up-regulation of NF-kappa B activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VITAMIN-E; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; C-ZETA; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; NEGATIVE REGULATION; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA; RESPONSE ELEMENT AB We have shown that the age-associated increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (Mphi) prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) production is because of ceramide-induced up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 transcription that leads to increased COX-2 expression and enzyme activity. To determine the mechanism of the age-related and ceramide-dependent increase in COX-2 transcription, we investigated the role of various transcription factors involved in COX-2 gene expression. The results showed that LPS-initiated activations of both consensus and COX-2-specific NF-kappaB, but not AP-1 and CREB, were significantly higher in Mphi from old mice than those from young mice. We further showed that the higher NF-kappaB activation in old Mphi was because of greater IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and p65 translocation to the nucleus. An IkappaB phosphorylation inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, inhibited NF-kappaB activation, as well as PGE(2) production, COX activity, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression in both young and old M. Similar results were obtained by blocking NF-kappaB binding activity using a NF-kappaB decoy. Furthermore, NF-kappaB inhibition resulted in significantly greater reduction in PGE(2) production and COX activity in old compared with young Mphi. Addition of ceramide to the young Mphi, in the presence or absence of LPS, increased NF-kappaB activation in parallel with PGE(2) production. Bay 11-7082 or NF-kappaB decoy prevented this ceramide-induced increase in NF-kappaB binding activity and PGE(2) production. These findings strongly suggest that the age-associated and ceramide-induced increase in COX-2 transcription is mediated through higher NF-kappaB activation, which is, in turn, because of a greater IkappaB degradation in old Mphi. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG09140-09]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11518] NR 57 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 13 BP 10983 EP 10992 DI 10.1074/jbc.M207470200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 660VU UT WOS:000181855400016 PM 12529332 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, CH Shih, BY Cleveland, TE AF Boue, SM Carter-Wientjes, CH Shih, BY Cleveland, TE TI Identification of flavone aglycones and glycosides in soybean pods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE soybean; flavonoids; flavones; isoflavones; apigenin; dihydroxyflavone; luteolin; aglycones; glycosides ID ISOFLAVONES; PHYTOESTROGENS; PROTEIN; FOODS; CANCER; MEN AB High-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to identify flavone aglycones and glycosides in soybean pods. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS and MS-MS-MS) and photodiode array detection were also utilized in flavone characterization. A total of seven flavone aglycones and glycosides were identified. Among them three flavone aglycones-apigenin, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, and luteolin-and two flavone glycosides-apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, and luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside-were unambiguously identified based on their abundant (M+H)(+) ions, UV spectra, retention time, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis compared with authentic standards. The tentative identification of two flavone glycosides as 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside-6"-O-malonate was based on UV spectra, (M+H)(+) ions, and tandem mass spectrometry. This is the first report identifying flavone aglycones and glycosides in soybean pods. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Boue, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM sboue@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 25 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 991 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00209-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 658CP UT WOS:000181704300006 PM 12703901 ER PT J AU Kweon, CH Ko, YJ Kim, WI Lee, SY Nah, JJ Lee, KN Sohn, HJ Choi, KS Hyun, BH Kang, SW Joo, YS Lubroth, J AF Kweon, CH Ko, YJ Kim, WI Lee, SY Nah, JJ Lee, KN Sohn, HJ Choi, KS Hyun, BH Kang, SW Joo, YS Lubroth, J TI Development of a foot-and-mouth disease NSP ELISA and its comparison with differential diagnostic methods SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); differential diagnostic methods; cloven-hoofed animals ID NONSTRUCTURAL POLYPROTEIN 3ABC; VACCINATED CATTLE; VIRUS; PROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; CONVALESCENT; RECOMBINANT; BACULOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE AB The gene encoding the nonstructural protein (NSP) of O/SKR/2000 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was constructed to express under the polyhedron promoter of baculovirus. The expression of NSP was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. The expressed NSP was applied as a diagnostic antigen for indirect-trapping ELISA (I-ELISA). An I-ELISA using monoclonal antibody (Mab) against 3A as trapping antibody was developed to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle. The diagnostic efficiency of Mab linked I-ELISA was compared and evaluated with baculovirus expressed 3ABC I-ELISA from USDA and Mab (3A) linked E. coli expressed 3ABC I-ELISA from IZSLE through retrospective sero-surveillance. Compared with the two different I-ELISA methods, Mab (3A) linked I-ELISA using baculovirus expressed NSP showed the same level of sensitivity and specificity, indicating that this method is suitable for a differential diagnostic method in cattle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Minist Agr & Forestry, Virol Res Div, Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 480, South Korea. Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plum Isl Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, USDA, New York, NY USA. RP Kweon, CH (reprint author), Minist Agr & Forestry, Virol Res Div, Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 480, South Korea. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 13-14 BP 1409 EP 1414 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00684-9 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00684-9 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 663LV UT WOS:000182007800015 PM 12615437 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Olsen, SC Sacco, RE Whipple, DL AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Olsen, SC Sacco, RE Whipple, DL TI Immune responses of elk to Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE B cells; BCG; elk; Mycobacterium bovis ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; BCG VACCINE; NEW-ZEALAND; RED DEER; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; ELISA; ANTIBODIES AB Although rare, detection of Mycobacterium? bovis infection of captive or free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) elicits serious concern due to regulatory and zoonotic implications. Few studies, however, have evaluated the immune response of elk to M. bovis or other pathogens. To model natural infection, elk were vaccinated with live M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG, Pasteur strain) for evaluation of immune responsiveness to this attenuated live vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of vaccinated elk proliferated in response to stimulation with a soluble mycobacterial antigen preparation (i.e. M. bovis purified protein derivative, PPDb). Greater numbers of sIgM(+) cells (i.e. B cells) proliferated in this response than did either CD4(+), gammadeltaTCR(+) or CD8(+) cells. The in vivo response (i.e. delayed type hypersensitivity, DTH) to PPDb by vaccinated elk exceeded both the response by non-vaccinated elk and BCG-vaccinated cattle at 24, 48, and 72 h post-administration of PPD. In vivo responses to PPDb by vaccinated elk diminished after 72 It as compared to responses at 24 and 48 It. Serum was also collected periodically and evaluated by ELISA for immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG heavy and light chains) reactivity to crude mycobacterial antigens. Two weeks post-vaccination and throughout the duration of the study, serum immunoglobulin reactivity to PPDb and to a proteinase K-digested whole cell sonicate of BCG exceeded that of serum from non-vaccinated elk. Intradermal administration of PPD for measurement of hypersensitive responses boosted the serum antibody response. These findings demonstrate that BCG vaccination of elk induces a serum antibody response to crude M. bovis antigens, a B cell in vitro proliferative response, and in vivo trafficking of mononuclear cells to sites of mycobacterial antigen administration (i.e. delayed type hypersensitivity). A predominant B cell in vitro proliferative response by elk PBMC to crude mycobacterial test antigens will likely impact the development of improved diagnostic tests of tuberculosis infection for this species. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial & Resp Dis Livestock Units, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial & Resp Dis Livestock Units, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 28 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 13-14 BP 1518 EP 1526 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00678-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00678-3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 663LV UT WOS:000182007800027 PM 12615449 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Grimm, CC AF Zimba, PV Grimm, CC TI A synoptic survey of musty/muddy odor metabolites and microcystin toxin occurrence and concentration in southeastern USA channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Ralfinesque) production ponds SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE beta-cyclotcitral; cyanobacteria; geosmin; 2-methylisoborneol; microcystin; off-flavor; toxic algae ID CYANOBACTERIA; FLAVOR; ALGAE AB A synoptic profile was conducted in July-August 2000 to assess the occurrence of off-flavor compounds beta-cyclocitral, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and geosmin, and the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in catfish production ponds. A total of 485 ponds were sampled during a 1-week period; sample collections were weighted to reflect state area in production. Over 47% of ponds had detectable toxin concentrations, although less than 10% of ponds exceeded 1 ng/ml microcystin. MIB and/or geosmin off-flavors occurred in 25% of the samples. Beta-cyclocitral was detected in over 98% of ponds, and was strongly correlated with presence of myxoxanthin (r=0.94) and zeaxanthin (r=0.82), both indicative of cyanobacterial production of this compound. Off-flavor compounds (geosmin and MIB) were correlated to a lesser degree with zeaxanthin production (r=0.78), whereas aphanizyphyl was better correlated with MIB and geosmin (r=0.89 and 0.56, respectively), again suggesting cyanobacterial production of these compounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 87 AR PII S0044-8486(02)00519-7 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00519-7 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 652JM UT WOS:000181376100008 ER PT J AU Davis, KB Griffin, BR Gray, WL AF Davis, KB Griffin, BR Gray, WL TI Effect of dietary cortisol on resistance of channel catfish to infection by Ichthyopthirius multifiliis and channel catfish virus disease SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE cortisol; channel catfish; infection ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; STRESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SALMON; TROUT AB Many diseases of fish are more likely to occur after a period of stress. A number of physiological changes occur in fish during stress including the secretion of cortisol. Cortisol has several effects including the induction of gluconeogenesis and immunosuppression. The latter activity of cortisol is thought to be the reason stress is often followed by a disease outbreak. These experiments were done to determine the role of cortisol, in the absence of stress, in affecting the susceptibility of channel catfish to Ichthyopthirius multifiliis (ich) and channel catfish virus (CCV). Cortisol mixed in the food resulted in reduced liver size and abolished the increase of plasma cortisol usually induced by confinement stress. Dietary cortisol provided at 200-mg/kg feed increased the susceptibility of channel catfish to infection in an immersion challenge with ich theronts. The severity of infection in fish provided cortisol at 100-mg/kg feed was not different than controls. Dietary cortisol at either 100 or 200 mg/kg did not affect mortality due to CCV exposure. These data suggest that increased cortisol suppressed the protective mechanism against ich but not against CCV Published by Elsevier Science B.V C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Davis, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00630-0 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 652JM UT WOS:000181376100012 ER PT J AU Small, BC AF Small, BC TI Anesthetic efficacy of metomidate and comparison of plasma cortisol responses to tricaine methanesulfonate, quinaldine and clove oil anesthetized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE anesthetic; catfish; cortisol; metomidate; Ictalurus punctatus; stress ID SALMO-TRUTTA-L; BROWN TROUT; STRESS; ETOMIDATE; RECOVERY; MS-222 AB The present experiments were designed to determine the efficacy of metomidate hydrochloride as an alternative anesthetic with potential cortisol blocking properties for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish (75 g) were exposed to concentrations of metomidate ranging from 0.5 to 16 ppm for a period of 60 min. At 16-ppm metomidate, mortality occurred in 65% of the catfish. No mortalities were observed at concentrations of 8 ppm or less. The minimum concentration of metomidate producing desirable anesthetic properties was 6 ppm. At this concentration, acceptable induction and recovery times were observed in catfish ranging from 3 to 8 10 g average body weight. Plasma cortisol levels during metomidate anesthesia (6 ppm) were compared to fish anesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate (100 ppm), quinaldine (30 ppm) and clove oil (100 ppm). Cortisol levels of catfish treated with metomidate and clove oil remained at baseline levels during 30 min of anesthesia (P>0.05). Plasma cortisol levels of tricaine methanesulfonate and quinaldine anesthetized catfish peaked approximately eight- and fourfold higher (P<0.05), respectively, than fish treated with metomidate. These results suggest that the physiological disturbance of channel catfish during routine-handling procedures and stress-related research could be reduced through the use of metomidate as an anesthetic. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Expt Stn Rd,POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 20 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 177 EP 185 AR PII S0044-8486(02)00302-2 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00302-2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 652JM UT WOS:000181376100017 ER PT J AU Kimura, M Tokai, T O'Donnell, K Ward, TJ Fujimura, M Hamamoto, H Shibata, T Yamaguchi, I AF Kimura, M Tokai, T O'Donnell, K Ward, TJ Fujimura, M Hamamoto, H Shibata, T Yamaguchi, I TI The trichothecene biosynthesis gene cluster of Fusarium graminearum F15 contains a limited number of essential pathway genes and expressed non-essential genes SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis gene cluster evolution; comparative genomics; fungal secondary metabolism; plant pathogen ID NIVALENOL-PRODUCING CHEMOTYPES; SPOROTRICHIOIDES ENCODES; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; REGULATORY GENE; EFFLUX PUMP; CYTOCHROME-P-450; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB We report for the first time the complete structure and sequence of the trichothecene biosynthesis gene cluster (i.e. Tri5-cluster) from Fusarium graminearum F15, a strain that produces 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON). A putative tyrosinase and polysaccharide deacetylase gene flank the Tri5-cluster: the number of pathway genes between them is less than half the total number of steps necessary for 3-ADON biosynthesis. In comparison with partial Tri5-cluster sequences of strains with 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 4-acetylnivalenol chemotypes, the Tri5-cluster from strain F15 contains three genes that are apparently unnecessary for the biosynthesis of 3-ADON (i.e. Tri8 and Tri3, which are expressed, and pseudo-Tril3, which is not expressed). In addition, the Tri7 gene was missing from the cluster. Recombinant TRI3 protein showed limited trichothecene C-15 acetylase activity. In contrast, recombinant TR18 protein displayed no C-3 deacetylase activity, suggesting that the loss or alteration of function contribute directly to the chemotype difference. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 RIKEN, Plant Sci Ctr, Lab Remediat Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RIKEN, Cell & Mol Biol Lab, Lab Remediat Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Toyo Univ, Fac Life Sci, Gunma 3741093, Japan. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RIKEN, Plant Sci Ctr, Lab Adapt & Resistance, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Kimura, M (reprint author), RIKEN, Plant Sci Ctr, Lab Remediat Res, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI KIMURA, Makoto/I-6906-2014 OI KIMURA, Makoto/0000-0001-5310-2893 NR 29 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 539 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00208-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 662PX UT WOS:000181957400021 PM 12650935 ER PT J AU Mueller, CA Richt, JA Meyermann, R Deininger, M Schluesener, H AF Mueller, CA Richt, JA Meyermann, R Deininger, M Schluesener, H TI Accumulation of the proinflammatory cytokine endothelial-monocyteactivating polypeptide II in ramified microglial cells in brains of Boma virus infected Lewis rats SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Borna disease virus; endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II; microglia; meningoencephalitis; Lewis rats ID BORNA-DISEASE VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLAMMATORY FACTOR-I; ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; NEURITIS; LESIONS; UVEITIS AB Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of adult Lewis rats induces a severe and often fatal neurologic disease characterized by a massive mononuclear meningo-encephalitis, and activation of microglial cells. Therefore, we analyzed expression of endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) by immunohistology as a marker for activation of microglial cells in BDV infected rat brains. EMAP II is a chemotactic peptide, inducing activation of macrophages and endothelial cells, and is considered a proinflammatory mediator of the innate immune system. An up to 30-fold increase in numbers of EMAP II+ microglial cells and a massive expression by infiltrating macrophages at perivascular inflammatory foci was observed in infected brains, with a maximum on day 25 after infection. These results provide evidence that EMAP II contributes to immune responses in inflammatory processes caused by viral infections. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Brain Res, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mueller, CA (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Brain Res, Calwerstr 3, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 339 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00024-7 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 656ZU UT WOS:000181641600011 PM 12633891 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT Fishman, ML Chau, HK Baker, RA Grohmann, K AF Cameron, RG Savary, BJ Hotchkiss, AT Fishman, ML Chau, HK Baker, RA Grohmann, K TI Separation and characterization of a salt-dependent pectin methylesterase from Citrus sinensis var. Valencia fruit tissue SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pectin; pectin methylesterase; pectinesterase; citrus; polysaccharide; homogalacturonan ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; METHYL ESTERASE; ACTION PATTERNS; ORANGE JUICE; APPLE PECTIN; CELL-WALLS; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; PURIFICATION; PECTINESTERASE; ESTERIFICATION AB A pectin methylesterase (PME) from sweet orange fruit rag tissue, which does not destabilize citrus juice cloud, has been characterized. It is a salt-dependent PME (type II) and exhibits optimal activity between 0.1 and 0.2 M NaCl at pH 7.5. The pH optimum shifted to a more alkaline range as the salt molarity decreased (pH 8.5-9.5 at 50 mM NaCl). It has an apparent molecular mass of 32.4 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography, an apparent molecular mass of 33.5 kDa as determined by denaturing electrophoresis, and a pI of 10.1 and exhibits a single activity band after isoelectric focusing (IEF). It has a K-m of 0.0487 mg/mL and a V-max of 4.2378 nkat/mg of protein on 59% DE citrus pectin. Deblocking the N-terminus revealed a partial peptide composed of SVTPNV. Deesterification of non-calcium-sensitive pectin by 6.5% increased the calcium-sensitive pectin ratio (CSPR) from 0.045 +/- 0.011 to 0.829 +/- 0.033 but had little, if any, effect on pectin molecular weight. These properties indicate this enzyme will be useful for studying the PME mode of action as it relates to juice cloud destabilization. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM rcameron@citrus.usda.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 2070 EP 2075 DI 10.1021/jf020933+ PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 658DL UT WOS:000181706300050 PM 12643675 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO List, GR AF Adlof, RO List, GR TI Synthesis and analysis of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical disaturated/monounsaturated triacylglycerols SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE triacylglycerol; symmetrical; nonsymmetrical; synthesis; analysis; silver ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; INTERESTERIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDES; ESTERS; OILS AB Symmetrical disaturated triacylglycerols of the structure SUS, where S is stearic acid (18:0) and U is an unsaturated fatty acid, either oleic (O; 9cis-18:1), linoleic (L; 9cis,12cis-18:2), or linolenic (Ln; 9cis,12cis,15cis-18:3), are important components providing functionality to interesterified fat blends and structurally modified oils. Nonsymmetrical triacylglycerols of the structure SSU can significantly change melting point and solid fat content profiles. To characterize the physical properties of pure and symmetrical and nonsymmetrical triacylglycerol mixtures, the same reaction sequence has been used to prepare multigram quantities of triacylglycerols SUS and SSU. Tristearin was converted to a mixture of mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols, and the 1,3- and 1,2-diacylglycerol fraction was isolated by silica column chromatography. The 1,3-diacylglycerols were removed by crystallization from acetone and esterified with the appropriate fatty acid to form the symmetrical triacylglycerols with >99% SUS structure. The more difficult to obtain 1,2-diacylglycerols were prepared by esterification of the enriched 1,2-diacylglycerol fraction (80-86% 1,2-diacylglycerols) remaining after removal of much of the 1,3-isomer by crystallization, but silver resin or silver nitrate impregnated silica gel chromatography was required to isolate the nonsymmetrical triacylglycerols. SSL and SSLn were prepared in purities of >98% by this procedure, but not SSO. Silver ion HPLC was found to be as accurate as, and more rapid than, lipolysis/gas chromatography for the determination of the isomeric purities of the synthesized triacylglycerols. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adlofro@ncaur.usda.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 2096 EP 2099 DI 10.1021/jf021085l PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 658DL UT WOS:000181706300054 PM 12643679 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Benson, J Larson, MA AF Dubey, JP Benson, J Larson, MA TI Clinical Sarcocystis neurona encephalomyelitis in a domestic cat following routine surgery SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; neurological; encephalomyelitis; schizonts; sarcocysts; cat; Felis domesticus ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; FELIS-DOMESTICUS; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; SERUM AB Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses in the Americas. An EPM-like neurological disease also has been reported from other mammals but it is difficult to induce this disease in the laboratory. A 4-month-old male domestic cat developed neurological signs 3 days following castration. The cat was euthanized 12 days later because of paralysis. Encephalomyelitis was the only lesion and was associated with numerous Sarcocystis schizonts and merozoites in the brain and spinal cord. The protozoa reacted positively with S. neurona-specific polyclonal rabbit antibody. Two unidentified sarcocysts were present in the cerebellum. It may be possible that stress of surgery triggered relapse of S. neurona infection in this cat. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Galesburg, IL 61402 USA. Tender Care Anim Hosp, Morton, IL 61550 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 25 PY 2003 VL 112 IS 4 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00019-0 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 658TR UT WOS:000181737000001 PM 12623205 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Kuhajek, JM Canel, C Watson, SB Moraes, RM AF Dayan, FE Kuhajek, JM Canel, C Watson, SB Moraes, RM TI Podophyllum peltatum possesses a beta-glucosidase with high substrate specificity for the aryltetralin lignan podophyllotoxin SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE beta-glucosidase; podophyllotoxin; aryltetralin lignan ID AGLYCONE SPECIFICITY; PLANT-GROWTH; MAIZE; PURIFICATION AB A beta-glucosidase with high specificity for podophyllotoxin-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside was purified from the leaves of Podophyllum peltatum. The 65-kDa polypeptide had optimum activity at pH 5.0 and was essentially inactive at pH 6.5 or above. Maximum catalytic activity of this glucosidase was obtained at 45 degreesC, but the enzyme was not heat stable. This beta-glucosidase displayed higher substrate specificity for podophyllotoxin-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside than for the other lignans tested, and for the (1 --> 3) linkage of laminaribiose than for other glucosidic linkages. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@ars.usda.gov RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD MAR 21 PY 2003 VL 1646 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S1570-9639(03)00004-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 659NM UT WOS:000181783400018 PM 12637023 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL AF Cooper, RL TI A delayed flowering barrier to higher soybean yields SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soybean; flowering; photo/thermal; yield ID SEED-FILLING PERIOD; MAX L MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; SUBIRRIGATION DRAINAGE; TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; PHOTOPERIOD; SIMULATION; RESPONSES AB A long term maximum yield soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] research project was initiated at Wooster, OH (40degreesN latitude) in 1977 with the specific objectives of determining the yield potential of soybeans and identifying yield limiting factors. Results from this research suggest there is a delayed flowering barrier to higher soybean yields in the higher latitudes where the light intensity (sun angle) is highest and the day length is longest early in the growing season, declining as the growing season progresses. At Wooster, OH, the average 24 It total solar radiation declines from 474 Langleys (cal/cm(2)) in June to 351 Langleys in September. The maximum daily solar energy declines from 680 Langleys (15-30 June) to 444 Langleys 15-30 September. Under normal spring temperatures in May, soybeans planted during the first week of May normally bloom during the first week of July. However, in 1982, 1985, 1998, and 1999, unusually early warm spring temperatures in May resulted in the soybeans flowering around 15 June, 2 weeks earlier than normal. In a maximum yield environment, where all manageable yield limiting factors were minimized, test average yields were 5963 kg/ha in 1982, 5549 kg/ha in 1985, 5383 kg/ha in 1998, and 5416 kg/ha in 1999, with individual lines producing replicated yields in the 6000-7000 kg/ha range. In the intervening years, 1983 and 1984 and from 1986 to 1997, with more normal spring temperatures, test average yields in the maximum yield environment ranged from 3575 to 4862 kg/ha, with highest yielding individual lines producing yields in the 4200-5500 kg/ha range. These results indicate there is a temperature by photoperiod interaction in soybeans that results in soybeans flowering up to 2 weeks earlier than normal in response to above normal temperatures in early spring (in May at Wooster, CH). This results in the soybeans entering the reproductive cycle earlier in the growing season when the days are longer and the light intensity is higher (greater total solar radiation is available). Also the length of the reproductive cycle was increased since maturity was similar to years of more normal spring temperatures. This resulted in a significant increase in the yield potential of soybeans in years of unusually early warm spring temperatures. These results suggest if breeders can develop full season soybean cultivars that will bloom earlier under more normal spring temperatures, the yield potential of soybeans in the higher latitudes could be significantly increased. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Hort & Crop Sci Dept, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Hort & Crop Sci Dept, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM cooper.16@osu.edu NR 36 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00003-0 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 658RG UT WOS:000181733800003 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Effects of water vapor pressure difference on leaf gas exchange in potato and sorghum at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide under field conditions SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sorghum; potato; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; humidity; VPD ID USE EFFICIENCY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; MIDDAY DEPRESSION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; AIR HUMIDITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; INHIBITION; ASSIMILATION; RESPONSES AB High leaf to air water vapor pressure differences often substantially reduce rates of assimilation of carbon dioxide, especially in C-3 species. Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide [CO2] in the atmosphere could reduce the sensitivity of assimilation rate to partial stomatal closure caused by high vapor pressure difference by a variety of mechanisms. However, field data addressing this question are scarce. In this study, we examined day-to-day variation in midday gas exchange rates of upper canopy leaves of potato and sorghum grown at the current ambient [CO2] and ambient+ 350 mumol mol(-1) [CO2] in field plots. Stomatal conductance and assimilation rate were negatively correlated with vapor pressure difference across days. Assimilation rate was not less sensitive to vapor pressure difference at elevated than at ambient [CO2] in either species. For both potato and sorghum short-term increases in vapor pressure difference for individual leaves produced significantly smaller responses of leaf gas exchange than did the day-to-day variation in vapor pressure difference, again with no reduced sensitivity at elevated [CO2]. The smaller response of gas exchange to short-term manipulations of vapor pressure difference than to day-to-day variation may indicate that much of the response to high vapor pressure difference apparent in the day-to-day variation resulted from leaf water deficits caused by exposure of the whole canopy to high vapor pressure difference, rather than from direct effects of high water vapor pressure difference. The lack of a [CO2] effect on the sensitivity of assimilation rate to vapor pressure difference, and the substantial sensitivity of assimilation rate to vapor pressure difference in the C-4 species both resulted from reductions in assimilation at a given internal [CO2] at high vapor pressure difference. An implication of these results is that that high leaf to air water vapor pressure difference may continue to be a major limitation to assimilation rates in C-3 and C-4 crop species even at twice the current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00004-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 658RG UT WOS:000181733800004 ER PT J AU Gomi, T Sidle, RC Woodsmith, RD Bryant, MD AF Gomi, T Sidle, RC Woodsmith, RD Bryant, MD TI Characteristics of channel steps and reach morphology in headwater streams, southeast Alaska SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest streams; woody debris; channel morphology; timber harvesting; mass movement; riparian vegetation ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; BED-STEPS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; POOL STREAMS; FOREST; OREGON; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS AB The effect of timber harvesting and mass movement on channel steps and reach morphology was examined in 16 headwater streams of SE Alaska. Channel steps formed by woody debris and boulders are significant channel units in headwater streams. Numbers, intervals, and heights of steps did not differ among management and disturbance regimes. A negative exponential relationship between channel gradient and mean length of step intervals was observed in the fluvial reaches (<0.25 unit gradient) of recent landslide and old-growth channels. No such relationship was found in upper reaches (greater than or equal to 0.25 gradient) where colluvial processes dominated. Woody debris and sediment recruitment from regenerating riparian stands may have obscured any strong relationship between step geometry and channel gradient in young alder, young conifer, and recent clear-cut channels. Channel reaches are described as pool-riffles, step-pools, step-steps, cascades, rapids, and bedrock. Geometry of channel steps principally characterized channel reach types. We infer that fluvial processes dominated in pool-riffle and steppool reaches, while colluvial processes dominated in bedrock reaches. Step-step, rapids, and cascade reaches occurred in channels dominated by both fluvial processes and colluvial processes. Step-step reaches were transitional from cascades (upstream) to step-pool reaches (downstream). Woody debris recruited from riparian corridors and logging activities formed steps and then sequentially might modify channel reach types from step-pools to step-steps. Scour, runout, and deposition of sediment and woody debris from landslides and debris flows modified the distribution of reach types (bedrock, cascade, and step-pool) and the structure of steps within reaches. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wanatchee, WA USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gomi, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, 1984 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. RI Gomi, Takashi/E-3504-2010 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1-3 BP 225 EP 242 AR PII S0169-555X(02)00338-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00338-0 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 657KU UT WOS:000181666100013 ER PT J AU Czaplewski, RL AF Czaplewski, RL TI Can a sample of Landsat sensor scenes reliably estimate the global extent of tropical deforestation? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Tucker and Townshend (2000) conclude that 'wall-to-wall coverage is needed to avoid gross errors in estimations of deforestation rates' because tropical deforestation is concentrated along roads and rivers. They specifically question the reliability of the 10% sample of Landsat sensor scenes used in the global remote sensing survey conducted by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. They base their conclusion on simulations with data from Bolivia, Columbia and Peru, in which the size of a 10% sample is 4less than or equal tonless than or equal to6 Landsat sensor scenes. However, their conclusion is not valid when extrapolated to larger sample sizes (e.g. ngreater than or equal to40), such as those employed by the FAO and the European Commission for global and pantropical assessments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Czaplewski, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr,Ave Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1412 DI 10.1080/0143116021000057135 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 664UB UT WOS:000182079200020 ER PT J AU Wagner, BA Salman, MD Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Wittum, TE Keefe, TJ AF Wagner, BA Salman, MD Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Wittum, TE Keefe, TJ TI Factor analysis of minimum-inhibitory concentrations for Escherichia coli isolated from feedlot cattle to model relationships among antimicrobial-resistance outcomes SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; factor analysis; minimum-inhibitory concentration; Escherichia coli; feedlot cattle; faecal samples ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SURVEILLANCE; PATTERNS AB Factor analysis was used to assess relationships in the minimum-inhibitory concentration among 17 antimicrobials tested on isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from 360 faecal samples obtained from feedlot cattle. Six factors were extracted using maximum-likelihood factor analysis. The factors were interpretable antimicrobial groupings based on class of antimicrobial and previously described associations. New-generation cephalosporins, older-generation beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides grouped separately as classes of antimicrobials on four of the six factors. One of the remaining factors was a grouping of antimicrobials that had been identified as being related in previous feedlot studies. The last factor was a grouping of three of the five antimicrobials that comprise the antimicrobials found in penta-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. The factor analysis described patterns in the MIC data that would not have been apparent if only antimicrobial-resistance data categorized as susceptible-resistance had been analysed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wagner, BA (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, Vet Serv, MMail Stop 2E7,2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00232-5 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 648GA UT WOS:000181140700003 PM 12581596 ER PT J AU Bautista, EM Ferman, GS Golde, WT AF Bautista, EM Ferman, GS Golde, WT TI Induction of lymphopenia and inhibition of T cell function during acute infection of swine with foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymphocyte; T cell; viral infection; FMDV; swine ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; FEVER VIRUS; PRRS VIRUS; IN-VIVO; PORCINE; PIGS; RECEPTOR; APOPTOSIS; VIRULENT AB Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This virus continues to be a threat to livestock worldwide with outbreaks causing severe economic losses. The present study shows an analysis of immune system phenotype and function during the acute phase of FMDV infection in swine. In the first days of infection, a significant lymphopenia is observed that involves all T cell subsets, CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(+)/CD8(+). This marked lymphopenia is not a result of active infection of PBMC with the virus. Further, the response of residual peripheral blood T cells to the mitogen, Concanavalin A (ConA) is significantly reduced and occasionally eliminated. Animals usually resolve clinical signs of disease and develop antigen specific T cell responses to the virus and recover ConA reactivity. These characteristics of acute phase infection likely play an important role in viral pathogenesis, propagation and shedding of viral particles and may be targeted as a way of improving vaccine formulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM wgolde@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00004-7 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 659CC UT WOS:000181758800006 PM 12628764 ER PT J AU Altevogt, AS Rolston, DE Venterea, RT AF Altevogt, AS Rolston, DE Venterea, RT TI Density and pressure effects on the transport of gas phase chemicals in unsaturated porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE advection; diffusion; density-driven flow ID ADVECTIVE-DISPERSIVE TRANSPORT; VAPOR TRANSPORT; ORGANIC VAPORS; ZONE; FIELD; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS; SOILS; FLOW AB [1] The density of gas phase contaminants may be responsible for several important transport phenomena in porous media. One-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the transport of a dense gas (Freon-113) through an air-dry sand. Gas densities were measured and fluxes were estimated during transport through a column filled with oso-flaco sand. Significant differences in density profiles and fluxes were observed for the three primary flow directions ( horizontal, vertically upward, and vertically downward) at high source densities. Estimates indicate that pressure gradients of up to 20 Pa/m measured in the first 2.5 cm of the column were possibly due to the nonequimolar diffusion of Freon and air. Simulated Freon densities from numerical models based on the standard Darcy-Fickian transport equation did not compare well against measured density data. Density profiles generated by the model differed from the data by up to 400%. Numerical simulations indicated that slip flow may be significant relative to Darcy advective flow, but the slip phenomenon did not account for the discrepancy between model simulations and data. Further research and equation development will be necessary in order to ascertain why the standard theory does not adequately describe the diffusive and advective transport processes for dense gases. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Altevogt, AS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 AR 1061 DI 10.1029/2002WR001338 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 667KR UT WOS:000182231200005 ER PT J AU Overturf, K Casten, MT LaPatra, SL Rexroad, C Hardy, RW AF Overturf, K Casten, MT LaPatra, SL Rexroad, C Hardy, RW TI Comparison of growth performance, immunological response and genetic diversity of five strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss; genetic strains; growth performance ID PROTEIN; SALMONIDS; REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; HATCHERY; FITNESS AB The domestication of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, has led to the development of distinguishable isolated populations. In this study, five different strains of rainbow trout from the Northwest, USA were examined for variability in growth, immunological response, and genetic diversity. Growth rates for the different strains were monitored and compared for 28 weeks, with the animals fed at a fixed rate or to apparent satiation. Feed conversion ratios (FCR), specific growth rates (SGR), and thermal-unit growth coefficients (TGC) for the entire period were calculated for each of the strains. The different strains were also evaluated immunologically with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and their post-immunization antibody neutralization titers were monitored for a period of 12 weeks. Using microsatellites, the genetic variability between the strains was examined from a representational sample of the population of each strain. Fastest growing strains grew to a set weight of 350 g more rapidly regardless of whether they were fed at a fixed rate or to apparent satiation. These faster growing strains also exhibited a lower FCR and higher SGR and TGC values, and higher percentage protein retention. The IHNV neutralization titers for the strains varied considerably with one high humoral response group and one low humoral response group. The remaining three strains clustered approximately midway between the other two. Genetically, the strains exhibited a pattern of wide divergence, with only 9 common alleles out of a total of 89 different alleles between the five strains. As expected, commercial aquaculture strains reared locally were genetically more similar, and strains that have undergone intense selection tended to have a strong correlation between reduced genetic variability, FCR, and SGR as compared to noncommercial strains. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. ARS, USDA, NCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Overturf, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 217 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 106 AR PII S0044-8486(02)00014-5 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00014-5 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 648BE UT WOS:000181129300009 ER PT J AU Basiotis, PP Carlson, AC AF Basiotis, PP Carlson, AC TI Has physical activity among adults declined in the US? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1142 EP A1142 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901834 ER PT J AU Bush, JA O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Davis, TA AF Bush, JA O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Davis, TA TI Differential protein synthetic response in muscle and visceral tissue to somatotropin in fed growing pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A810 EP A810 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900265 ER PT J AU Cesario, KM Steinberg, FM Prior, RL AF Cesario, KM Steinberg, FM Prior, RL TI Soy protein with isoflavones increases acute plasma antioxidant capacity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1116 EP A1116 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901713 ER PT J AU Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, PM AF Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, PM TI Identification of carotenoids in orange and yellow fleshed watermelon SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A756 EP A756 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900006 ER PT J AU Collins, JK Arjmandi, BH Claypool, L Perkins-Veazie, PM Edwards, AJ Clevidence, BA AF Collins, JK Arjmandi, BH Claypool, L Perkins-Veazie, PM Edwards, AJ Clevidence, BA TI Watermelon lycopene does not affect antioxidant status of healthy subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Lab, Lane, OK USA. USDA ARS, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A756 EP A756 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900007 ER PT J AU Connor, SL Wang, YM Wang, W Johnson, EJ Hughes, S Flavell, D Connor, WE AF Connor, SL Wang, YM Wang, W Johnson, EJ Hughes, S Flavell, D Connor, WE TI The intestinal absorption and plasma transport of lutein in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A755 EP A755 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900003 ER PT J AU Connor, WE Wang, YM Johnson, EJ AF Connor, WE Wang, YM Johnson, EJ TI The tissue content of lutein and zeaxanthin in newly hatched chicks fed lutein-free and high lutein diets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A757 EP A757 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900014 ER PT J AU Cui, LB Wang, LR Schoene, NW Alshatwi, A Han, CT Lei, KY AF Cui, LB Wang, LR Schoene, NW Alshatwi, A Han, CT Lei, KY TI Zinc deficiency impairs p53 transactivation activity in HepG2 cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1159 EP A1159 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901911 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Uthus, EO AF Davis, CD Uthus, EO TI Dietary selenium (Se) and folate affect dimethythydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt formation, global DNA methylation and one-carbon metabolism in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 NCI, Nutrit Sci Res Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1371 EP A1371 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902916 ER PT J AU Davis, P Iwahashi, CK Yokoyama, W AF Davis, P Iwahashi, CK Yokoyama, W TI Whole almonds activate gastrointestinal (GI) tract anti-proliferative signaling in APC(min) (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1153 EP A1153 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901884 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, A Harrison, EH TI Preferential uptake of zeaxanthin and lutein versus beta-carotene by differentiated ARPE-19 cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A758 EP A758 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900017 ER PT J AU Eldridge, AL Haytowitz, D Bhagwat, S Gebhardt, SE Holden, JM Beecher, G Peterson, J Dwyer, JT AF Eldridge, AL Haytowitz, D Bhagwat, S Gebhardt, SE Holden, JM Beecher, G Peterson, J Dwyer, JT TI Flavonoid content of vegetables: The USDA's Flavonoid Database SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, Gen Mills, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutr Data Ltd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tufts Univ, Beverly, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A766 EP A767 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900057 ER PT J AU Elsherif, L Ortines, R Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Elsherif, L Ortines, R Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Hypertrophy and heart failure in a mouse model of copper deficiency SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1128 EP A1128 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901768 ER PT J AU Engler, MB Engler, MM Malloy, MJ Browne, A Chiu, E Chen, CY Milbury, P Blumberg, J Mietus-Synder, M AF Engler, MB Engler, MM Malloy, MJ Browne, A Chiu, E Chen, CY Milbury, P Blumberg, J Mietus-Synder, M TI Effects of flavonoid-rich chocolate consumption on endothelial function and oxidative stress SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Physiol Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, CVRI, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1110 EP A1110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901686 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Grusak, MA Keck, AS Gregoire, BR AF Finley, JW Grusak, MA Keck, AS Gregoire, BR TI Bioavailability of selenium from meat and broccoli as determined by retention and distribution of Se-75 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1136 EP A1136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901805 ER PT J AU Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Waters, WR Fowler, MA Miller, BL Beitz, DC AF Foote, MR Nonnecke, BJ Waters, WR Fowler, MA Miller, BL Beitz, DC TI Effects of plane of nutrition on proliferation of lymphocyte subsets from neonatal calves vaccinated with M-bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Land O Lakes Inc, Res Farm, Webster City, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1124 EP A1124 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901750 ER PT J AU Gordon, PL Vannier, E Roubenoff, R Castaneda, C AF Gordon, PL Vannier, E Roubenoff, R Castaneda, C TI Gender differences in relationships among adiposity, cytokines and clinical parameters in hispanic elders with type 2 diabetes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, NEPS Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A864 EP A864 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900517 ER PT J AU Gu, LW Prior, RL AF Gu, LW Prior, RL TI Oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins (condensed tannins) in infant foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A766 EP A766 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900053 ER PT J AU Guan, XF Stoll, B Niinikoski, H Kansagra, K Lambert, B Burrin, D AF Guan, XF Stoll, B Niinikoski, H Kansagra, K Lambert, B Burrin, D TI Glucagon-like peptide-2-mediated upregulation of portal blood flow and intestinal glucose utilization is nitric oxide-dependent in parenterally fed neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1204 EP A1204 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902125 ER PT J AU Hajduk, CL Gupta, N McCrory, MA Roberts, SB AF Hajduk, CL Gupta, N McCrory, MA Roberts, SB TI Effects of milk versus soda on short-term hunger and energy intake in children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Floating Hosp Children, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A809 EP A809 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900260 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Wald, KA Jeffery, EH Finley, JW AF Hintze, KJ Wald, KA Jeffery, EH Finley, JW TI Transcriptional induction of thioredoxin reductase (TR) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1371 EP A1371 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902915 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Wright, A Coward, WA Roberts, SB AF Hoffman, DJ Sawaya, AL Wright, A Coward, WA Roberts, SB TI Differences in hydration of lean body mass in stunted compared to healthy children in Brazil SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Endocrine Physiol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. MRC Human Nutr Res, Stable Isotope Div, Cambridge, England. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RI Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1143 EP A1143 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901838 ER PT J AU Horn, WF Keim, N AF Horn, WF Keim, N TI Effects of glycemic index on hunger, stress and arousal SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1149 EP A1149 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901865 ER PT J AU Hwang, D Rhee, SH Lee, JY AF Hwang, D Rhee, SH Lee, JY TI Non-receptor type Src-kinase, Lyn, is not the required component in LPS-induced signaling pathways and target gene expression SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Nutr, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1337 EP A1337 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902756 ER PT J AU Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Anderson, AS Solomons, NW AF Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Anderson, AS Solomons, NW TI How closely do the food-group guidelines of national and variant emblems adhere to the principles for cancer prevention of the WCRF 1997 recommendations? An international survey SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Dundee, Ctr Appl Nutr Res, Dundee, Scotland. CeSSIAM, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/A-3789-2015 OI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/0000-0003-3489-6899 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1151 EP A1151 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901874 ER PT J AU Keck, AS Finley, JW AF Keck, AS Finley, JW TI Selenium (Se) enriched beef, wheat or broccoli or the salt selenate differ in the ability to increase thioredoxin reductase (TR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1136 EP A1136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901804 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Lukaski, HC Britton, SL Kock, LG AF Klevay, LM Lukaski, HC Britton, SL Kock, LG TI Increased copper and iron in skeletal muscles of rats bred to run long distances SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Physiol & Mol Med, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1160 EP A1160 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901914 ER PT J AU Kuo, AYW M'Ashwe, C Siegel, PB Denbow, DM AF Kuo, AYW M'Ashwe, C Siegel, PB Denbow, DM TI Quantitative analysis of leptin receptor mRNA in high and low body weight selected chickens using real time polymerase chain reaction SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A865 EP A865 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900522 ER PT J AU Kwak, HK Milbury, P Blumberg, J AF Kwak, HK Milbury, P Blumberg, J TI Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in lipophilic compartments. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1116 EP A1116 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901714 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Rodriguez, SK Meydani, M AF Liu, LP Rodriguez, SK Meydani, M TI Lycopene suppresses angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) in vitro SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A759 EP A759 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900023 ER PT J AU Lominadze, D Saari, JT Schuschke, DA AF Lominadze, D Saari, JT Schuschke, DA TI Neutrophil migration under agarose is altered by copper deficiency SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1128 EP A1128 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901770 ER PT J AU Niinikoski, H Stoll, B Guan, XF Kansagra, K Lambert, BD Burrin, DG AF Niinikoski, H Stoll, B Guan, XF Kansagra, K Lambert, BD Burrin, DG TI Rapid onset of small intestinal atrophy is associated with reduced portal blood flow in TPN-fed neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1204 EP A1204 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902124 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Liu, CW Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Suryawan, A Liu, CW Davis, TA TI The role of glucose in the regulation of protein synthesis in the neonate SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Hershey, PA USA. Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A810 EP A811 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900266 ER PT J AU Ona, MA Fuss, PJ Anderson, AK Saltzman, E Tsay, M Roberts, SB McCrory, MA AF Ona, MA Fuss, PJ Anderson, AK Saltzman, E Tsay, M Roberts, SB McCrory, MA TI Laboratory body composition method comparison among young normal weight, obese, and older subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1206 EP A1206 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902133 ER PT J AU Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Combs, GF Brindak, M Veillon, C Taylor, PR Patterson, K Levander, OA AF Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Combs, GF Brindak, M Veillon, C Taylor, PR Patterson, K Levander, OA TI Selenium kinetics in humans: Simultaneous studies of Selenite and Selenomethionine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 NCI, DCP, EPN, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Metab Modeling Serv Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1136 EP A1136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901803 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PR Haytowitz, D Perry, CR Holden, JM Holden, JM AF Pehrsson, PR Haytowitz, D Perry, CR Holden, JM Holden, JM TI The USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program in nutrition research SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A767 EP A767 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900059 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PR Sorenson, AW Hallfrisch, J Holden, JM AF Pehrsson, PR Sorenson, AW Hallfrisch, J Holden, JM TI Development of the USDA American Indian and Alaska Native Foods Database SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A767 EP A767 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900058 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Lukaski, HC Gray, JS AF Penland, JG Lukaski, HC Gray, JS TI Zinc fortification and cognitive and psychosocial function in young adolescents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1087 EP A1088 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901582 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Rasco, B Lin, MS AF Phillippy, BQ Rasco, B Lin, MS TI Inositol polyphosphate composition of raw and cooked potatoes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A766 EP A766 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900055 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW Hoang, H Jacob, R AF Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW Hoang, H Jacob, R TI Plasma lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant status in human subjects: effects of meals containing different berries or fruits SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1114 EP A1114 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901706 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Chaney, RL AF Reeves, PG Chaney, RL TI Marginal intakes of zinc, iron, and calcium enhance the accumulation of cadmium in the intestine of rats fed a rice-based diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1163 EP A1163 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901930 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Ralston, NVC Idso, JP Lukaski, HC AF Reeves, PG Ralston, NVC Idso, JP Lukaski, HC TI Dietary Cu-Fe-amino acid interactions: flow cytometry of rat hematology indices SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1128 EP A1128 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901769 ER PT J AU Reid, ME Badaloo, A Forrester, T Jahoor, F AF Reid, ME Badaloo, A Forrester, T Jahoor, F TI The effect of aromatic amino acid supplementation on protein metabolism in edematous malnutrition syndrome SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ W Indies, TMRU, Kingston 7, Jamaica. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A870 EP A870 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900548 ER PT J AU Robbins, RJ AF Robbins, RJ TI Development of analytical measurement systems for phenolic acids in commonly consumed foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A765 EP A766 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900052 ER PT J AU Roberge, M Borgerding, R Finley, JW AF Roberge, M Borgerding, R Finley, JW TI Specific selenium species from broccoli are transported differently across a Caco-2 cell monolayer SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. St Thomas Univ, Dept Chem, St Paul, MN USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1136 EP A1136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901806 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR TI Dietary calcium (Ca) inhibits the intestinal uptake, not transfer, of heme iron (Fe) and reduces total Fe retention from a typical Western meal SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1086 EP A1086 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901573 ER PT J AU Saari, JT AF Saari, JT TI Differential effects of dietary copper deficiency on respiration via cardiac mitochondrial complexes I and II SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1128 EP A1128 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901767 ER PT J AU Sampath, V King, JC Christiansen, M Havel, PJ AF Sampath, V King, JC Christiansen, M Havel, PJ TI Effects of calcium (Ca) supplementation on lipid metabolism in overweight women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1088 EP A1088 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901586 ER PT J AU Shang, F Liu, Q Hobbs, M Taylor, A AF Shang, F Liu, Q Hobbs, M Taylor, A TI Cell cycle-dependent regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1006 EP A1007 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901199 ER PT J AU Shao, QM Chen, MX Yocoyama, W Keagy, PM Hudson, C Wood, D Knuckles, B AF Shao, QM Chen, MX Yocoyama, W Keagy, PM Hudson, C Wood, D Knuckles, B TI Dietary fiber prevents tissue structure changes and insulin resistance induced by high fat diets in hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, PFR, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Jiao Tong Univ, Coll Med, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USDA, BCE, Albany, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1098 EP A1098 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901631 ER PT J AU Sharma, RP He, QR Johnson, VJ Voss, KA AF Sharma, RP He, QR Johnson, VJ Voss, KA TI Increased hepatotoxicity of fumonisin B-1 in tumor necrosis factor aknockout mouse involves modulation of FAS signaling SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1040 EP A1040 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901358 ER PT J AU Shi, JJ Sekhar, R Jahoor, F Ellis, K Reeds, PJ Balasubramanyam, A Sharma, M AF Shi, JJ Sekhar, R Jahoor, F Ellis, K Reeds, PJ Balasubramanyam, A Sharma, M TI Short- and long-term effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on protein metabolism in growth hormone deficient adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A810 EP A810 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900264 ER PT J AU Smith, RA Tabatabai, LB AF Smith, RA Tabatabai, LB TI Fibronectin-binding activity and in vitro differential expression of Mannheimia haemolytica immunoglobulin-binding protein SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1003 EP A1003 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901182 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Wilson, CM Marquis, GS Wettstein, A Kruzich, LA AF Stephensen, CB Wilson, CM Marquis, GS Wettstein, A Kruzich, LA TI Antioxidant micronutrients in HIV-infected adolescents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1123 EP A1123 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901744 ER PT J AU Swain, JH Newman, SM Hunt, JR AF Swain, JH Newman, SM Hunt, JR TI The bioavailability of elemental iron powders used for food fortification varies among commercial forms and is influenced by physiochemistry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1132 EP A1133 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901789 ER PT J AU Tabatabai, LB Zehr, E AF Tabatabai, LB Zehr, E TI Pasteurella multocida membrane proteome analysis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A988 EP A988 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901105 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Davis, CD AF Uthus, EO Davis, CD TI Dietary arsenite affects dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt formation in colon and liver global DNA methylation of rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1152 EP A1152 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901880 ER PT J AU Verghese, M Walker, LT Bonsi, IA Shackleford, L Chawan, CB Rao, DR Loo, JV AF Verghese, M Walker, LT Bonsi, IA Shackleford, L Chawan, CB Rao, DR Loo, JV TI Inhibitory effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Sulindac on Azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats is enhanced by prebiotics Synergy 1 and 2 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. ORAFTI, Tienen, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1202 EP A1203 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902118 ER PT J AU Vuong, LT Chitchumroonchokchai, C Chapman, M Ishida, B King, J Failla, M AF Vuong, LT Chitchumroonchokchai, C Chapman, M Ishida, B King, J Failla, M TI High bioaccessibility of carotenes and lycopenes in gac oil and gac fruit aril SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Interdisciplinary PhD Program Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A758 EP A759 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900019 ER PT J AU Wang, T Izmirlian, G Takahashi, Y Perkins, S Hursting, S AF Wang, T Izmirlian, G Takahashi, Y Perkins, S Hursting, S TI Microarray expression profiling of LNCaP prostate cancer cell gene expression following exposure to the soy isoflavone genistein SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1372 EP A1372 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902919 ER PT J AU Wang, W Connor, SL Johnson, EJ Klein, ML Connor, WE AF Wang, W Connor, SL Johnson, EJ Klein, ML Connor, WE TI The distribution of carotenoids in human lipoproteins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A755 EP A755 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900004 ER PT J AU Weizmann, N Foster, A Peterson, JW Haytowitz, D Booth, SL AF Weizmann, N Foster, A Peterson, JW Haytowitz, D Booth, SL TI Characterization and quantification of menaquinone-4 in the US food supply SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A767 EP A767 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900061 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Marko, M Claycombe, KJ Paulson, E Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Marko, M Claycombe, KJ Paulson, E Meydani, SN TI Ceramide-induced and age-associated increase in macrophage (M phi) cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is mediated through upregulation of NF-kappa B activity. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Nutrit Immunol Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1126 EP A1127 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901761 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Prior, RL TI Antioxidant activities of lipophilic extracts of forty foods using lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL-LIPO)) assay SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1115 EP A1115 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901708 ER PT J AU Zaripheh, S Novotny, J Erdman, JW AF Zaripheh, S Novotny, J Erdman, JW TI Time, course distribution of a single dose of 14C-lycopene in the F344 RatTime course distribution of a single dose of 14C-lycopene in the F344 rat SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A756 EP A756 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900009 ER PT J AU Zeisel, SH Mar, MH Howe, JC Holden, JM AF Zeisel, SH Mar, MH Howe, JC Holden, JM TI Content of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USDA, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A766 EP A766 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900054 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Davis, CD Finley, JW AF Zeng, HW Davis, CD Finley, JW TI Effect of selenium-enriched broccoli diet on differential gene expression in Min mouse liver SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1159 EP A1159 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796901910 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Allen, JA AF Krauss, KW Allen, JA TI Factors influencing the regeneration of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. on a tropical Pacific island SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE growth; seed predation; salinity; light; silviculture; mangrove swamps; Pacific islands; Federated States of Micronesia ID RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE L; SEED PREDATION; PROPAGULE PREDATION; AVICENNIA-MARINA; TIDAL FORESTS; RED MANGROVE; DISPERSAL; GROWTH; DOMINANCE; PATTERNS AB Mangrove swamps occupy approximately two-thirds of the shoreline on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and also border the island's most populated areas. Kosraeans depend on mangrove swamps for a supply of wood to support a growing handicraft industry, for a dependable source of fuelwood, and for habitat to support the harvest of fish and mangrove crabs. One of the more prominent mangrove species on Kosrae is Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, yet it is not the most preferred species for carving or cooking. To evaluate B. gymnorrhiza's persistence in the intertidal and to develop a better understanding of factors influencing its regeneration, we investigated predispersal insect colonization of propagules, postdispersal propagule predation by crabs, and the relative effects of natural and artificial shade, salinity, and tidal flooding on early tree seedling survival and growth. Predispersal insect colonization of propagules by boring insects was very high (93%), but the damage did not seem to influence seedling survival. Postdispersal predation of B. gymnorrhiza propagules by crabs was low (17%) and did not change in gap versus understory plots. Predation did vary by intertidal location (lower intertidal > middle intertidal = upper intertidal), with lower predation occurring in an intertidal location with a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated overstory. Shade and tidal inundation reduced seedling growth more than salinity in greenhouse investigations, but sunlight had less positive influence on seedling growth in the field. In general, regeneration and growth occurred successfully under a variety of conditions, indicating that none of the factors investigated serve as strong regulators to B. gymnorrhiza regeneration and early growth on Kosrae. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 60 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00219-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00219-0 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 649ZB UT WOS:000181236900005 ER PT J AU Healey, SP Gara, RI AF Healey, SP Gara, RI TI The effect of a teak (Tectona grandis) plantation on the establishment of native species in an abandoned pasture in Costa Rica SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tectona grandis; abandoned pasture; natural regeneration; native species; recruitment; plantations ID TREE PLANTATIONS; OVERSTORY COMPOSITION; FOREST REGENERATION; WOODY REGENERATION; LANDS; SOILS; RESTORATION; RICHNESS; DYNAMICS; REGION AB Many tropical forest plantation projects, particularly those funded through governmental or development agencies are designed to provide secondary social or environmental benefits in addition to timber. The research reported here examined the ecological effects of establishing a teak (Tectona grandis) plantation on an abandoned pasture in southwestern Costa Rica. The 10-year-old plantation's understory was evaluated using a nearby non-planted area as a baseline for potential local recruitment of native tree species. The native trees in the teak plantation were significantly less abundant, less diverse, and more restricted to the lower height classes than the trees in the abandoned pasture. Furthermore, trees with shrubby growth forms dominated the plantation's understory, whereas larger species were more common in the unplanted abandoned pasture. Several aspects of teak's biology may contribute to the species' exclusion of native trees. The primary goal of nearly all forest plantations is the production of timber. However, for those managers secondarily interested in the goal of providing habitat for native forest species, teak appears to be a poor choice of crop tree. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Healey, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jeffers Wy, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM seanhealey@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 497 EP 507 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00235-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00235-9 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 649ZB UT WOS:000181236900039 ER PT J AU Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F AF Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F TI N mineralization, nitrification, and N uptake across a 100-year chronosequence of upland hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chronosequence; forest harvesting; nitrogen mineralization; nitrification; nitrogen uptake; soil horizon ID SOIL-NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; OAK-HICKORY FORESTS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SECONDARY-SUCCESSION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; WHOLE-TREE; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; HARVEST; TEMPERATURE AB Net N mineralization, nitrification, and N uptake were monitored in the A (0-8 cm) and B (8-30 cm) soil horizons from 1997 to 1999 across a chronosequence of upland hardwood forest stands in southern Indiana, USA. Stand ages were 1, 6, 12, 3 1, and 80-100 years at the beginning of the study. Contrary to previous studies, there was no apparent stimulation of N mineralization due to harvesting. The highest rates of N mineralization, nitrification, and N uptake were in the mature forest stand. Rates of N cycling were greater in the A than the B horizon by concentration (g kg(-1)), but the greater depth and bulk density of the B horizon led to insignificant differences by area (kg ha(-1)). N mineralization, nitrification, and N uptake all correlated significantly with each other, and average annual rates of N mineralization balanced well with N uptake in most stands of the chronosequence. N cycling seemed to be subject to strong internal regulation at all stages of stand development. Analyses of the spatial and temporal variability in N cycling properties or processes would provide further insights in the effects of harvesting on N cycling in these forest stands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Idol, TW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 509 EP 518 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00232-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00232-3 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 649ZB UT WOS:000181236900040 ER PT J AU Bartlett, AH Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Adams, CL Westcott, JL Sian, L Bell, M Dorsch, JA Raboy, V AF Bartlett, AH Hambidge, KM Krebs, NF Adams, CL Westcott, JL Sian, L Bell, M Dorsch, JA Raboy, V TI Absorption of zinc from tortillas vs. cornbread SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Agr Res Serv, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Aberdeen, ID USA. RI Bell, Melanie/D-1839-2011 OI Bell, Melanie/0000-0003-4821-4094 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A693 EP A694 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103267 ER PT J AU Behall, KM AF Behall, KM TI Barley consumption lowers cholesterol in men and overweight women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A1 EP A2 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733100006 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Lin, H Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Lin, H Tucker, KL TI Dietary patterns among Hispanic elders in Massachusetts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A693 EP A693 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103265 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Maras, J Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Maras, J Tucker, KL TI Differences in food intake of NHANES older adults, by ethnicity and obesity status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A284 EP A284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101353 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Nair, PP Mohamed, AI Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Nair, PP Mohamed, AI Velasquez, MT TI Metabolic and endocrine responses to soybean and flaxseed in azoxymethane treated F 344 rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia State Univ, Dept Biol, Petersburg, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A332 EP A333 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101582 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Chan, M Dopler-Nelson, M Neidlinger, T AF Burri, BJ Chan, M Dopler-Nelson, M Neidlinger, T TI Serum concentration of vitamin D and antioxidant vitamins in healthy people with spinal cord injuries SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A280 EP A280 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101336 ER PT J AU Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Anderson, RA Evans, WJ AF Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Anderson, RA Evans, WJ TI Chromium picolinate supplementation during resistive exercise training does not influence clinical indexes of kidney and liver function in overweight, older people SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, GRECC, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A706 EP A706 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103323 ER PT J AU Carlson, A AF Carlson, A TI Selected determinants of diet quality in persons 55 years of age and over in NHANES 1999-2000 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A692 EP A692 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103258 ER PT J AU Carlson, A Juan, WY Gerrior, S AF Carlson, A Juan, WY Gerrior, S TI Changes in the diet quality of the elderly between 1994 and 2000 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A285 EP A285 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101359 ER PT J AU Chen, AC Berhow, MA Tappenden, KA Donovan, SM AF Chen, AC Berhow, MA Tappenden, KA Donovan, SM TI Genistein at a concentration present in soy infant formula inhibits intestinal cell proliferation in piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A307 EP A307 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101461 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Shen, J Li, T Milbury, P Blumberg, J AF Chen, CY Shen, J Li, T Milbury, P Blumberg, J TI Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of polyphenolics from almond skins in hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A377 EP A377 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101793 ER PT J AU Chung, CS Nagey, DA Veillon, C Patterson, KY Sgambat, K Russek-Cohen, E Jackson, RT Moser-Veillon, P AF Chung, CS Nagey, DA Veillon, C Patterson, KY Sgambat, K Russek-Cohen, E Jackson, RT Moser-Veillon, P TI Increased fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in lactating women in response to iron supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A698 EP A698 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103286 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Moshfegh, AJ AF Conway, JM Ingwersen, LA Moshfegh, AJ TI Accuracy of dietary recall using the USDA 5-step-multiple pass method in a multi-ethnic population: An observational validation study SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A280 EP A281 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101338 ER PT J AU Dorfman, SE Matthan, NR Ordovas, JM Smith, DE Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Dorfman, SE Matthan, NR Ordovas, JM Smith, DE Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary fatty acids alter gene expression of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), lecithin cholesterol acyl : transferase (LCAT) and scavenger receptor B class 1 (SR-B1) in Golden-Syrian Hamsters SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, LM, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A754 EP A754 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103543 ER PT J AU During, A Harrison, EH AF During, A Harrison, EH TI Kinetics of retinol uptake and secretion by Caco-2 cells: mechanistic implications SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A314 EP A314 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101496 ER PT J AU Elsherif, L Ortines, R Saari, JT Kang, YJ AF Elsherif, L Ortines, R Saari, JT Kang, YJ TI Oxidative stress and heart failure in a mouse model of copper deficiency SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A229 EP A229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101100 ER PT J AU Erkkila, AT Aquino, KA Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Grusak, MA Booth, SL AF Erkkila, AT Aquino, KA Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Grusak, MA Booth, SL TI Absorption and clearance of deuterated phylloquinone from collard greens SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A342 EP A342 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101623 ER PT J AU Fan, MZ Matthews, JC Burrin, DG Lackeyram, D AF Fan, MZ Matthews, JC Burrin, DG Lackeyram, D TI EAAC1 is the major high-affinity L-glutamate transporter and expression is upregulated during differentiation of neonatal porcine enterocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A305 EP A305 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101450 ER PT J AU Fleming, DJ Rogers, GT Jacques, PF Wood, RJ AF Fleming, DJ Rogers, GT Jacques, PF Wood, RJ TI Prevalence of high iron stores among US adults differ by race-ethnicity group SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A294 EP A295 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101403 ER PT J AU Gao, X Yao, MJ Ma, GS Tucker, KL AF Gao, X Yao, MJ Ma, GS Tucker, KL TI High prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and B vitamin deficiency in Chinese adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Assessment Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Dept Students Nutr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A711 EP A712 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103349 ER PT J AU Gay, R Bronson, R Smith, DE Chung, HY Wu, DY Beck, MA Meydani, SN AF Gay, R Bronson, R Smith, DE Chung, HY Wu, DY Beck, MA Meydani, SN TI An avirulent coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3/0) becomes virulent and pathogenic after passage through an aged host SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A665 EP A665 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103131 ER PT J AU Gerrior, S Basiotis, PP Carlson, A Juan, WY Lino, M AF Gerrior, S Basiotis, PP Carlson, A Juan, WY Lino, M TI The Healthy Eating Index, 1999-2000 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A692 EP A692 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103261 ER PT J AU Gertz, ER Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Van Loan, MD Vogel, JS AF Gertz, ER Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Van Loan, MD Vogel, JS TI Protocol for Ca-41 tracer determination from human urine, serum, and saliva specimens SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A722 EP A722 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103398 ER PT J AU Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Shemin, D Hsu, N Jacques, PF Dworkin, L Bostom, AG Selhub, J AF Ghandour, H Bagley, PJ Shemin, D Hsu, N Jacques, PF Dworkin, L Bostom, AG Selhub, J TI Distribution of plasma folate forms in hemodialysis patients receiving high daily doses of L-folinic or folic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A342 EP A342 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101625 ER PT J AU Ghandour, H Lin, BF Choi, SW Mason, JB Selhub, J AF Ghandour, H Lin, BF Choi, SW Mason, JB Selhub, J TI Folate status and age affect the accumulation of L-isoaspartyl residues in rat liver proteins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A329 EP A329 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101568 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM TI Whole grain diets lower diastolic blood pressure in men and overweight women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A2 EP A2 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733100008 ER PT J AU Han, SN Adolfsson, O Lee, CK Dallal, GE Prolla, TA Ordovas, JM Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Adolfsson, O Lee, CK Dallal, GE Prolla, TA Ordovas, JM Meydani, SN TI Effects of age and vitamin E (E) on gene (G) expression profiles of T cells (T) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A280 EP A280 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101335 ER PT J AU Hillegonds, DJ Lin, YM Van Loan, MD Gertz, ER Vogel, JS AF Hillegonds, DJ Lin, YM Van Loan, MD Gertz, ER Vogel, JS TI Saliva Ca kinetic profile after receiving a physiological-sized oral dose of Ca-41 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A723 EP A723 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103401 ER PT J AU Hiza, HAB Juan, WY AF Hiza, HAB Juan, WY TI Dietary, anthropometric and physical activity indicators of blood pressure in adult females SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A296 EP A296 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101409 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Idso, JP AF Hunt, CD Idso, JP TI Hyperinsulinemia in rats during dietary vitamin D (VITD) and boron deprivation is ameliorated, but not corrected, by improved VITD status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A707 EP A707 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103329 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Johnson, LK AF Hunt, JR Johnson, LK TI Adaptation in dietary zinc absorption from whole diets: Implications for determining zinc requirements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A694 EP A694 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103269 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT AF Johnson, WT TI Changes in respiratory complex activities of heart mitochondria caused by copper deficiency during development in rats are resistant to copper supplementation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A378 EP A378 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101796 ER PT J AU Juan, WY Basiotis, P Gerrior, S AF Juan, WY Basiotis, P Gerrior, S TI Alcohol, sodium intake, and physical activity as relates to dehydration status in elderly men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A692 EP A692 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103259 ER PT J AU Kansagra, K Stoll, B Lu, XF Rognerud, C Ou, CN Burrin, D AF Kansagra, K Stoll, B Lu, XF Rognerud, C Ou, CN Burrin, D TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) modulates intestinal permeability in the parenterally fed neonatal gut SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A305 EP A305 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101453 ER PT J AU Kim, J Paik, HY Joung, H King, JC Woodhouse, LR AF Kim, J Paik, HY Joung, H King, JC Woodhouse, LR TI Effects of dietary phytate and supplemental zinc on zinc absorption in young Korean women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A301 EP A301 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101433 ER PT J AU Lambert, BD Stoll, B Niinikoski, H Guan, XF Pierzynowski, S Burrin, DG AF Lambert, BD Stoll, B Niinikoski, H Guan, XF Pierzynowski, S Burrin, DG TI Intestinal absorption of enterally fed alpha-ketoglutarate is limited in young pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Gramineer Int, Res & Dev, Lund, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A305 EP A305 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101452 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Paape, MJ Zhao, X AF Lee, JW Paape, MJ Zhao, X TI Soluble CD14 prevents intramammary infection by Escherichia coli SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 McGill Univ, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A670 EP A670 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103154 ER PT J AU Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Van Loan, MD Gertz, ER Vogel, JS AF Lin, YM Hillegonds, DJ Van Loan, MD Gertz, ER Vogel, JS TI Using a physiological-sized oral dose of Ca-41 to study human calcium metabolism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ARS, USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A723 EP A723 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103402 ER PT J AU Linke, T Harrison, EH AF Linke, T Harrison, EH TI Purification, identification and characterization of an acid retinyl ester hydrolase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A315 EP A315 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101499 ER PT J AU Lino, M Gerrior, S AF Lino, M Gerrior, S TI The dietary quality of Mexican Americans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A285 EP A285 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101361 ER PT J AU Lonnerdal, B Mendoza, C Brown, KH Raboy, V Rutger, JN Cook, A AF Lonnerdal, B Mendoza, C Brown, KH Raboy, V Rutger, JN Cook, A TI Zinc absorption from low phytate genotypes of corn, barley and rice assessed in a suckling rat pup model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A694 EP A694 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103268 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Michelsen, KG AF Lukaski, HC Hall, CB Michelsen, KG TI Effects of dietary zinc and exercise training on zinc status and carbonic anhydrase activities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A695 EP A695 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103272 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Meigs, JB Saltzman, E Liu, SM Wilson, PWF Jacques, PF AF McKeown, NM Meigs, JB Saltzman, E Liu, SM Wilson, PWF Jacques, PF TI Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and insulin resistance in the Framingham Offspring Cohort SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A710 EP A711 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103344 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Woodhouse, LR Mukherjea, R Nguyen, T Viteri, FE King, JC AF Mendoza, C Woodhouse, LR Mukherjea, R Nguyen, T Viteri, FE King, JC TI Iron supplementation and iron and zinc status in women during pregnancy and lactation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A698 EP A698 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103287 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Jacques, PF Selhub, J AF Morris, MS Jacques, PF Selhub, J TI Indicators of vitamin B12 status in elderly Americans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A691 EP A691 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103256 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Baer, D Cleveland, L Rhodes, D Sebastian, R Staples, R Kuczynski, K Paul, D Clemens, J Rumpler, W Judd, J AF Moshfegh, AJ Baer, D Cleveland, L Rhodes, D Sebastian, R Staples, R Kuczynski, K Paul, D Clemens, J Rumpler, W Judd, J TI Validation of reported energy intakes in 24-hour dietary recalls using USDA automated multiple-pass method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A281 EP A281 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101339 ER PT J AU Mukherjea, R Shames, DM Woodhouse, LR Pinna, K King, JC AF Mukherjea, R Shames, DM Woodhouse, LR Pinna, K King, JC TI Zinc kinetics in healthy men during marginal zinc depletion and repletion SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A694 EP A694 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103270 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Boron deficiency alters platelet aggregation differently than replacing palm oil with canola oil in the diet of rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A707 EP A707 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103327 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Silicon deficiency affects urinary indicators of bone breakdown differently in ovariectomized and ovary-intact rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A706 EP A706 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103321 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Thivierge, MC Suryawan, A Liu, CW Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA AF Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Thivierge, MC Suryawan, A Liu, CW Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA TI Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by insulin is maintained during acute neonatal endotoxemia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A739 EP A739 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103477 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Fermin, LS Perfecto, CS Solon, JAA Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Fermin, LS Perfecto, CS Solon, JAA Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI Dietary vitamin A intakes of Filipino elders with adequate or low liver vitamin A stores as assessed by the deuterated-retinol-dilution (DRD) method: implications for dietary requirements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCP, Manila, Philippines. Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A313 EP A313 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101489 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR Lykken, GI Johnson, LK AF Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR Lykken, GI Johnson, LK TI Substituting soy protein for meat protein did not affect calcium (Ca) retention or biomarkers of bone and cardiovascular health in a controlled feeding study of healthy postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A705 EP A705 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103317 ER PT J AU Rumpler, WV Rhodes, D Paul, D AF Rumpler, WV Rhodes, D Paul, D TI The impact of covert manipulation of macronutrient intake on energy intake (EI) and macronutrient selection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A742 EP A742 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103490 ER PT J AU Simpson, PM Gossett, JM Hall, RA Casey, PH Bogle, ML Nord, M AF Simpson, PM Gossett, JM Hall, RA Casey, PH Bogle, ML Nord, M TI Validation of the US Household food security Module in the Lower Mississippi, Delta (LMD) Region of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A708 EP A708 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103334 ER PT J AU Smilowitz, JT Horn, WF Havel, PJ Stanhope, KL Keim, NL AF Smilowitz, JT Horn, WF Havel, PJ Stanhope, KL Keim, NL TI Refined grain carbohydrates increase plasma glucose, insulin and leptin levels compared to whole grain carbohydrates in overweight females SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A741 EP A742 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103487 ER PT J AU Tchack, L Angelo, G Wood, RJ AF Tchack, L Angelo, G Wood, RJ TI Regulation of calbindin D9k protein expression in Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal cell line SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Tufts Univ, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A722 EP A722 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103397 ER PT J AU Villalpando, SC Jahoor, F Butte, NF Mersmann, HJ Stoll, B AF Villalpando, SC Jahoor, F Butte, NF Mersmann, HJ Stoll, B TI Administration of L-Nitroarginine increases liver triglyceride content in piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A659 EP A660 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103106 ER PT J AU Wang, T Milner, M Kim, Y Milner, J AF Wang, T Milner, M Kim, Y Milner, J TI Effects of garlic-derived compound diallyl disulfide on prostate cancer cell LNCaP gene expression: cDNA microarray expression profiling SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A376 EP A376 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101787 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Mukherjea, R Gertz, ER King, SM Nguyen, T Pinna, K Shames, DM Sutherland, B King, JC AF Woodhouse, LR Mukherjea, R Gertz, ER King, SM Nguyen, T Pinna, K Shames, DM Sutherland, B King, JC TI Comparison of estimates of fractional zinc absorption (FZA) using stable isotopic tracer methods SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A301 EP A302 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101435 ER PT J AU Yadrick, K Bogle, ML McGee, B Beardshall, A Simpson, P Goolsby, S AF Yadrick, K Bogle, ML McGee, B Beardshall, A Simpson, P Goolsby, S TI Understanding community food environment: An instrument to evaluate food availability and affordability SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ So Mississippi, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. So Univ & A&M Coll, Coll Agr Family & Consumer Sci, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A707 EP A708 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103330 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH AF Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH TI Associations between iron and zinc nutriture in premenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Seitoku Univ, Chiba 2718555, Japan. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A302 EP A302 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101437 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Barish, AO AF McFeeters, RF Barish, AO TI Sulfite analysis of fruits and vegetables by high-performace liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet spectrophotometric detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pepper; cucumber; apple; potato; high-performance liquid chromatography; sulfur dioxide ID MONIER-WILLIAMS METHOD; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; FOODS; AGENTS AB Free and total sulfite were analyzed in acidified vegetable products, instant mashed potatoes, and dried apples. Sulfite was separated by HPLC and quantified with a UV-vis detector. Resolution from components of food samples was achieved by varying the acid concentration of the eluant solution and by appropriate choice of the analytical wavelength. The minimum detectable levels for sulfite were 0.5 mg/L for a 10-cm analytical column and 1.5 mg/L for a 30-cm column. For analyses done with a 30-cm column, the coefficient of variation was <2% for analysis of free sulfite and total sulfite in acidified vegetables. For dried apples and instant potatoes, it ranged from 1 to 6.5%. The corresponding analytical errors were <4% and 1.2-5.6%, respectively, for the 10-cm column. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 12 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1517 DI 10.1021/jf025693c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652VK UT WOS:000181401400001 PM 12617575 ER PT J AU Pekkarinen, AI Jones, BL AF Pekkarinen, AI Jones, BL TI Purification and identification of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) proteins that inhibit the alkaline serine proteinases of Fusarium culmorum SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium; phytopathogen; proteinase; inhibitor; barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ALPHA-AMYLASE/SUBTILISIN INHIBITOR; AMYLASE-SUBTILISIN INHIBITOR; CORN TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; BOWMAN-BIRK-TYPE; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR-2; MICROBIAL PROTEASES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AB dIt has been proposed that microbial proteinase inhibitors, which are present in abundance in cereal grains, protect the seed against plant pathogens. So far, however, very little is known about the interactions of those inhibitors with the proteinases of phytopathogenic microbes. The increased alkaline proteinase activities of Fusarium head blight (FHB) diseased wheat and barley grain imply that the Fusarium fungi synthesize those enzymes during the colonization of the kernel. To study which barley proteins can inhibit Fusarium proteinases, and hence, possibly protect the seed from FHB, the proteins of a grain extract have been separated and tested for their abilities to inhibit two alkaline serine proteinases that we previously isolated from F. culmorum. The proteins were separated by size exclusion, ion exchange, and reversed-phase-HPLC chromatographies. The purified inhibitors were identified by their molecular masses and N-terminal amino acid sequences. The proteins that inhibited the subtilisin-like Fusarium proteinase were the chymotrypsin/subtilisin (Cl) inhibitors 1A, 1B, and 2A and the barley alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI). Only one of the purified proteins inhibited the trypsin-like proteinase, the barley Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBBI). No novel inhibitors were detected. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. VTT Biotechnol, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Pekkarinen, AI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 12 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1710 EP 1717 DI 10.1021/fj026035v PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 652VK UT WOS:000181401400036 PM 12617610 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Timlin, D Rawls, W AF Pachepsky, Y Timlin, D Rawls, W TI Generalized Richards' equation to simulate water transport in unsaturated soils SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil water transport; scaling; fractional derivative; horizontal infiltration ID RANDOM-WALKS; TIME; DIFFUSION; MEDIA AB Simulations of water transport in soil are ubiquitous, and the Richards' equation introduced in 1931 is the main tool for that purpose. For experiments on water transport in soil horizontal columns, Richards' equation predicts that volumetric water contents should depend solely on the ratio (distance)/(time)(q) where q = 0.5. Substantial experimental evidence shows that value of q is significantly less than 0.5 in some cases. Donald Nielsen and colleagues in 1962 related values of q < 0.5 to 'jerky movements' of the wetting front, i.e. occurrences of rare large movements. The physical model of such transport is the transport of particles being randomly trapped and having a power law distribution of waiting periods. The corresponding mathematical model is a generalized Richards' equation in which the derivative of water content on time is a fractional one with the order equal or less than one. We solved this equation numerically and fitted the solution to data on horizontal water transport. The classical Richards' equation predicted a decrease of the soil water diffusivity for the same water content as infiltration progressed whereas the generalized Richards' equation described all observations well with a single diffusivity function. Validity of the generalized Richards' equation indicates presence of memory effects in soil water transport phenomena and may help to explain scale-dependence and variability in soil hydraulic conductivity encountered by researchers who applied classical Richards' equation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, Anim Waster Pathogen Lab, USDA, BA,ANRI,AWPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, USDA, BA,ANRI,ACSL, Beltsville, MD USA. ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, BA,ANRI,HRSI, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), ARS, Anim Waster Pathogen Lab, USDA, BA,ANRI,AWPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 10 PY 2003 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 13 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00251-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00251-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 648JN UT WOS:000181147900002 ER PT J AU Simunek, J Jarvis, NJ van Genuchten, MT Gardenas, A AF Simunek, J Jarvis, NJ van Genuchten, MT Gardenas, A TI Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; non-equilibrium flow; vadose zone; dual-porosity models; dual-permeability models; solute transport; pedon scale ID DUAL-POROSITY MODEL; NONEQUILIBRIUM WATER-FLOW; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE MATRIX FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED SOIL; IRRIGATED FIELD; MACROPORE FLOW; MASS-TRANSFER AB In this paper, we review various approaches for modeling preferential and non-equilibrium flow and transport in the vadose zone. Existing approaches differ in terms of their underlying assumptions and complexity. They range from relatively simplistic models to more complex physically based dual-porosity, dual-permeability, and multi-region type models. A relatively simple dual-porosity flow model results when the Richards equation is combined with composite (double-hump type) equations for the hydraulic properties to account for both soil textural (matrix) and soil structural (fractures, macropores, peds) effects on flow. The simplest non-equilibrium flow model, a single-porosity model which distinguishes between actual and equilibrium water contents, is based on a formulation by Ross and Smettem [Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64 (2000) 1926] that requires only one additional parameter to account for non-equilibrium. A more complex dual-porosity, mobile-immobile water flow model results when the Richards or kinematic wave equations are used for flow in the fractures, and immobile water is assumed to exist in the matrix. We also discuss various dual-permeability models, including the formulation of Gerke and van Genuchten [Water Resour. Res. 29 (1993a) 305] and the kinematic wave approach as used in the MACRO model of Jarvis [Technical Description and Sample Simulations, Department of Soil Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden (1994) 51]. Both of these models invoke terms accounting for the exchange of water and solutes between the matrix and the fractures. Advantages and disadvantages of the different models are discussed, and the need for inter-code comparison is stressed, especially against field data that are sufficiently comprehensive to allow calibration/validation of the more complex models and to distinguish between alternative modeling concepts. Several examples and comparisons of equilibrium and various non-equilibrium flow and transport models are also provided. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Simunek, J (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Gardenas, Annemieke/J-9307-2012; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI Gardenas, Annemieke/0000-0001-8390-220X; van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 74 TC 412 Z9 421 U1 40 U2 224 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 10 PY 2003 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 14 EP 35 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00252-4 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 648JN UT WOS:000181147900003 ER PT J AU Starks, PJ Heathman, GC Ahuja, LR Ma, LW AF Starks, PJ Heathman, GC Ahuja, LR Ma, LW TI Use of limited soil property data and modeling to estimate root zone soil water content SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil moisture profile; soil water modeling; soil properties ID QUALITY MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MACROPORE TRANSPORT; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; MOISTURE; FIELD AB Estimation of soil water content in the root zone with time in different parts of a watershed is important for both strategic and tactical management of water resources, as well as of agricultural production, water quality, and soil resources. This estimation requires detailed knowledge of rainfall intensities and meteorological variables over space and time, as well as the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil horizons and plant growth information. However, all this detailed spatial information is extremely expensive and time consuming to obtain. New technologies are helping to increase the spatial sampling of rainfall and other meteorological variables, but spatially detailed measurement of soil properties is still not practical. The best we can obtain from the existing soil survey database is the spatial distribution of soil textural class. We investigated the use of a hierarchy of limited soil input data, ranging from soil textural class of soil horizons alone, to measured soil texture and bulk densities of horizons, additional lab or field measurement of - 33 kPa soil water content, to additional field measurement of average saturated hydraulic conductivity. These five modeling scenarios, along with meteorological and plant information, were input to the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to estimate 0-60 cm soil water content over a 30-day period in 1997 at the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed in Oklahoma. The estimated water contents were compared with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) profile measurements and gravimetric samplings of soil surface moisture. In addition to the five scenarios using limited input data, a more detailed set of data based on laboratory measured soil water retention curves and field measured saturated conductivity was supplied to the model for all Brooks - Corey function parameters (full description mode). Estimates of root zone soil water content using detailed input were compared to estimates obtained using minimum input data. Adjustments in specific hydraulic parameters were also made in an effort to calibrate the model to the soils in this region. Overall, reasonable agreement was found between TDR-measured and RZWQM-predicted average water contents for 0-60 cm depths. Surprisingly, the smallest errors in the predicted water contents were achieved using either the textural class only or the hydraulic properties determined in situ, with root mean square errors ranging from 0.012 to 0.018 m(3) m(-3). Hence, the model provided adequate estimates of average profile soil water content based on textural class-name only which was considered the most limited input data condition. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. ARS, USDA, Great Plains Syst Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 10 PY 2003 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 131 EP 147 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00260-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00260-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 648JN UT WOS:000181147900011 ER PT J AU Lark, RM Kaffka, SR Corwin, DL AF Lark, RM Kaffka, SR Corwin, DL TI Multiresolution analysis of data on electrical conductivity of soil using wavelets SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wavelets; geostatistics; soil; salinity; electrical conductivity ID SPATIAL PREDICTION; SALINITY; REGRESSION; VARIOGRAM; VALLEY AB The variation of soil properties at the field scale can be complex. Particular challenges for the analysis of data on soil variables arise when components of variation operate at a range of scales, show intermittent effects, and are not spatially stationary in the variance, fluctuating more in some regions than in others. Wavelet analysis addresses these problems. Any data set of finite variance (appropriately sampled) may be analysed with the dilations and translations of a basic wavelet function. Wavelet functions oscillate locally and damp rapidly to zero either side of their centre, so that they only respond to variation within a local neighbourhood. To provide a complete analysis of a data set the wavelet must be translated across the data, generating a set of local coefficients. The basic wavelet can also be dilated to analyse the data at a specified spatial scale. A single wavelet coefficient therefore describes the variation of a variable in some locality at a particular spatial scale. Data were collected at a variable, 32.4 ha salt affected site in the Tulare Lake Bed region of California using electrical conductivity sensors (mobile fixed-array, electrical resistivity equipment). We show how wavelets can be used to analyse the variation within these data, how the analysis partitions the variance of the data by scale and location, and how it can be used to extract components from the data which appear to be more useful for predicting soil properties than are the raw data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Silsoe Res Inst, Math & Decis Syst Grp, Bedford MK45 4HS, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lark, RM (reprint author), Silsoe Res Inst, Math & Decis Syst Grp, Wrest Pk, Bedford MK45 4HS, England. RI Lark, Richard/G-6744-2012 OI Lark, Richard/0000-0003-2571-8521 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 10 PY 2003 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 276 EP 290 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00271-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00271-8 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 648JN UT WOS:000181147900022 ER PT J AU Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Carini, MR Krinsky, NI Russell, RA AF Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Carini, MR Krinsky, NI Russell, RA TI (-)-Epigallocatechin-(3)-gallate prevents oxidative damage in both the aqueous and lipid compartments of human plasma SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE (-)-epigallocatechin-(3)-gallate; antioxidant; carotenoids; alpha-tocopherol; aqueous and lipid plasma compartments ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; TEA CONSUMPTION; HEART-DISEASE; BETA-CAROTENE; BLACK TEA; EX-VIVO; CATECHIN; RADICALS; GREEN AB When human plasma was exposed to the hydrophilic radical initiator, AAPH, (-)-epigallocatechin-(3)-gallate (EGCG) dose-dependently inhibited the aqueous compartment oxidation (IC50 = 0.72 muM) (monitored by DCFH oxidation) and spared the lipophilic antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids, but not ascorbic acid. When radicals were selectively induced in the lipid compartment by the lipophilic radical initiator, MeO-AMVN, EGCG spared alpha-tocopherol, but not carotenoids and inhibited the lipid compartment oxidation (monitored by BODIPY 581/591) with a potency lower than that found in the aqueous compartment (IC50 = 4.37 muM). Our results indicate that EGCG, mainly localized in the aqueous compartment, effectively quenches aqueous radical species, thus limiting their diffusion into the lipid compartment and preventing lipid-soluble antioxidant depletion. Further, ESR experiments confirmed that EGCG recycled alpha-tocopherol through a H-transfer mechanism at the aqueous/lipid interface affording an additional protective mechanism to the lipid compartment of plasma. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI CARINI, MARINA/D-3084-2015 OI aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; CARINI, MARINA/0000-0003-3407-5425 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 7 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00192-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 655CV UT WOS:000181534500036 PM 12604363 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Li, C Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF AF Zhang, YC Li, C Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF TI Novel antiinsectan oxalicine alkaloids from two undescribed fungicolous Penicillium spp. SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SCLEROTIA; MYCOPARASITE; METABOLITE; ANALOGS; ACID AB [GRAPHICS] 15-Deoxyoxalicine B(1) and decaturins A (2) and B (3) have been isolated from Penicillium decaturense and Penicillium thiersii, two previously undescribed species obtained as colonists of wood-decay fungi. The structures were determined by 2D NMR experiments and/or single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These compounds are members of a rare structural class, and decaturins A and B feature a new polycyclic ring system. Decaturin B (3) exhibited potent antiinsectan activity against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 10 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 773 EP 776 DI 10.1021/ol0340686 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 649XJ UT WOS:000181233000043 PM 12605512 ER PT J AU Zhang, SM Willett, WC Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Giovannucci, EL Holmes, MD Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE AF Zhang, SM Willett, WC Selhub, J Hunter, DJ Giovannucci, EL Holmes, MD Colditz, GA Hankinson, SE TI Plasma folate, vitamin B-6,vitamin B-12, homocysteine, and risk of breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ALCOHOL; CONSUMPTION; METABOLISM; MICRONUTRIENTS; VEGETABLES; NUTRIENTS; DAMAGE; FRUITS AB Background. In several epidemiologic investigations, folate intake has appeared to reduce the elevated risk of breast cancer associated with moderate alcohol consumption. However, data relating plasma folate levels to breast cancer risk are sparse. We investigated the association between plasma folate and other vitamins with breast cancer in a prospective, nested case-control study. Methods: Blood samples were obtained during 1989 and 1990 from 32 826 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were followed through 1996 for the development of breast cancer. We identified 712 breast cancer case patients and selected 712 individually matched control subjects. Dietary information was obtained using food frequency questionnaires given in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer (after adjustment for potential risk factors), and a generalized linear model was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficients between plasma estimates of folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine, and intakes of folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The multivariable RR comparing women in the highest quintile of plasma folate with those in the lowest was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50 to 1.07; P-trend =.06). The inverse association between plasma folate and breast cancer risk was highly statistically significant among women consuming at least 15 g/day (i.e., approximately 1 drink/day) of alcohol (multivariable RR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.59 for highest versus lowest quintile) in contrast with that of women consuming less than 15 g/day (multivariable RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.05). The multivariable RR comparing women in the highest quintile of plasma vitamin B-6 levels with those in lowest quintile was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.48 to 1.02; P-trend =.09). Plasma vitamin B-12 levels were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women (multivariable RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.86 for highest versus lowest quintile) but not among postmenopausal women. Plasma homocysteine was not associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions: Higher plasma levels of folate and possibly vitamin B-6 may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Achieving adequate circulating levels of folate may be particularly important for women at higher risk of developing breast cancer because of higher alcohol consumption. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zhang, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA49449, CA87969] NR 36 TC 209 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD MAR 5 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 650CJ UT WOS:000181244500009 PM 12618502 ER PT J AU Wei, JZ Hale, K Carta, L Platzer, E Wong, C Fang, SC Aroian, RV AF Wei, JZ Hale, K Carta, L Platzer, E Wong, C Fang, SC Aroian, RV TI Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; TOXIN; RESISTANCE; MUTANTS AB Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal proteins are pore-forming toxins used as insecticides around the world. Previously, the extent to which these proteins might also target the invertebrate phylum Nematoda has been mostly ignored. We have expressed seven different crystal toxin proteins from two largely unstudied Bt crystal protein subfamilies. By assaying their toxicity on diverse free-living nematode species, we demonstrate that four of these crystal proteins are active against multiple nematode species and that each nematode species tested is susceptible to at least one toxin. We also demonstrate that a rat intestinal nematode is susceptible to some of the nematicidal crystal proteins, indicating these may hold promise in controlling vertebrate-parasitic nematodes. Toxicity in nematodes correlates with damage to the intestine, consistent with the mechanism of crystal toxin action in insects. Structure-function analyses indicate that one novel nematicidal crystal protein can be engineered to a small 43-kDa active core. These data demonstrate that at least two Bt crystal protein subfamilies contain nematicidal toxins. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol & Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Aroian, RV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Fang, Su-Chiung/G-9875-2013 OI Fang, Su-Chiung/0000-0001-6894-5025 NR 22 TC 181 Z9 221 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 4 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 5 BP 2760 EP 2765 DI 10.1073/pnas.0538072100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 652DR UT WOS:000181365000106 PM 12598644 ER PT J AU Gray, A AF Gray, A TI Monitoring stand structure in mature coastal Douglas-fir forests: effect of plot size SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plot size; inventory; old-growth; stand structure; Pseudotsuga menziesii ID EFFICIENCY; INVENTORY; PATTERNS; TREES AB National and regional interest in the distribution and trends of forest habitat structure and diversity have placed demands on forest inventories for accurate stand-level data. A primary need in the coastal Pacific Northwest of the United States is information on the extent and rate of development of mature forest structure. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative sampling schemes within a standard national cluster plot design able to efficiently determine density of large live trees and snags, tree mortality, and tree species richness. A simulation approach used stem maps from 19 permanent forest plots dominated by mature Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) of at least I ha in size that had been sampled for up to 23 years. Clustered subplots sampling between 0.5 and 81% of the stand area were randomly located in stands to select mapped trees. Estimation error analysis compared the percent difference between sample data and full-stand values by subplot size for 30 iterations per subplot size per stand. Comparison with analyses of regional inventory plots allowed greater inference concerning results. Samples of at least 40% of a stand (four 18 m radius subplots) were required to reduce errors for estimated density of large trees (greater than or equal to 122 cm DBH) below 25% of true density at least 66% of the time. For mortality, subplots sampling at least 50% of a stand were needed to reach errors below 50% of true mortality at least 66% of the time. However, for trees < 75 cm DBH, the standard inventory sample of 0.07 ha with four 7.3 m radius subplots did meet these accuracy levels for density and mortality. Relatively large plots were required to estimate species richness within one species of true richness, particularly for the relatively diverse smaller tree size classes. Efficient sampling of species richness could use species lists, instead of measuring many small trees on large plots. Reducing sample errors to acceptable levels will increase the utility of inventory plot data to evaluate stand structure, successional development, carbon sequestration, species diversity, and ground-truth for remote sensing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gray, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM agray@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 16 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00078-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00078-6 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000001 ER PT J AU Everett, R Schellhaas, R Ohlson, P Spurbeck, D Keenum, D AF Everett, R Schellhaas, R Ohlson, P Spurbeck, D Keenum, D TI Continuity in fire disturbance between riparian and adjacent sideslope Douglas-fir forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian; disturbance; reserves; forest management ID DYNAMICS AB Fire-scar and stand-cohort records were used to estimate the number and timing of fire disturbance events that impacted riparian and adjacent sideslope Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) forests. Data were gathered from 49 stream segments on 24 separate streams on the east slope of the Washington Cascade Range. Upslope forests had more "traceable" disturbance events than riparian forests in each of the valley types with a mean difference of 8-62%. Approximately 55-73% of the total traceable fire disturbance for a stream segment occurred on either sideslope and 24-27% in the riparian forest. Plant association groups in the riparian forest had 25-42% fewer fire disturbance events than the same plant association group upslope. Fewer traceable disturbance events in riparian forests may indicate a reduced disturbance frequency or a more severe disturbance regime or both. The two sideslopes on either side of the riparian forest shared the same fire event in 65 and 54% of the recorded fire events on east/west and north/south sideslopes, respectively. Riparian forests shared fire events with adjacent sideslope forests 58-79% among valley types, and 64-76% among aspects. Shared fire events indicate significant continuity in fire disturbance between riparian and adjacent sideslope forests. Fire disturbance regimes of sideslope and riparian forests are quantitatively different, but interconnected through shared fire disturbance events. Disturbance events play a role in maintaining ecosystem integrity and we suggest that disturbance may need to be planned for in administratively defined riparian buffer strips to protect long-term ecological integrity of riparian and adjacent upslope forests. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Everett, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 47 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00120-2 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000003 ER PT J AU Brockway, DG Lewis, CE AF Brockway, DG Lewis, CE TI Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Pinus palustris mill.; flatwoods; understory; thinning; clearcutting; sustainability ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; WIREGRASS ECOSYSTEMS; HEXAZINONE APPLICATION; SITE-PREPARATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; FORESTS; VEGETATION; CLEARCUTS; RANGE; AVAILABILITY AB Despite a recent slowing in the negative historical trend, losses of naturally-regenerated longleaf pine forests currently continue, largely as a result of conversion to plantations of faster growing pine species. Comparing the impacts of type conversion with silvicultural approaches that maintain longleaf pine and ascertaining their interaction with the influence of other resource management practices, such as grazing, on plant species diversity are essential in discerning the effects of these activities on the long-term sustainability of these ecosystems. A flatwoods longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem, which naturally regenerated following timber harvest during the early 20th century, on the coastal plain of southern Alabama was thinned to a residual basal area of 17 m(2)/ha or clearcut, windrowed and planted with slash pine (Pinus elliottii) seedlings in 1972 and then fenced in 1977 to differentially exclude grazing by deer and cattle. Neither grazing by deer alone nor deer in combination with cattle significantly altered vascular plant cover or species diversity; however, substantial differences were noted between the understory plant communities in the thinned forests and clearcut areas. Woody understory vegetation steadily increased through time, with woody plant cover in clearcuts (41%) dominated by the tree seedlings of Pinus elliottii and Quercus spp. being greater than that in thinned forests (31%) which were dominated by shrubs, principally Ilex glabra. While grass cover dominated by Schizachrium scoparium and Andropogon spp. remained stable (similar to81%), the foliar cover of all forbs declined through time (from 42 to 18%) as woody plant cover increased. Although the overall species richness and diversity declined and evenness increased through time, understory species richness and diversity were consistently higher in thinned forests than in artificially-regenerated clearcuts. Despite a modest short-term decline in this differential, indicating a partial recovery of the clearcut areas over time, the disparity in understory plant diversity between thinned forests and clearcuts persisted for at least a decade. Whether grazing includes domestic cattle or is limited to native ungulates, such as white-tailed deer, we recommend that longleaf pine forests not be clearcut and replaced by plantations of other pines, if the ecological diversity is to be conserved, high quality habitat is to be maintained and longleaf pine ecosystems are to be sustained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Florida, US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Brockway, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dbrockway@fs.fed.us NR 112 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 69 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00119-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00119-6 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000004 ER PT J AU Bunyavejchewin, S LaFrankie, JV Baker, PJ Kanzaki, M Ashton, PS Yamakura, T AF Bunyavejchewin, S LaFrankie, JV Baker, PJ Kanzaki, M Ashton, PS Yamakura, T TI Spatial distribution patterns of the dominant canopy dipterocarp species in a seasonal dry evergreen forest in western Thailand SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial patterns; dipterocarps; Thailand ID TROPICAL TREE; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; DIVERSITY; SEEDLINGS; DISPERSAL; DENSITY AB Population structure and spatial patterns were examined for four species of canopy dipterocarps (Anisoptera costata, Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea odorata, Vatica cinerea) in a 50 ha plot in seasonal dry evergreen forest at the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary in western Thailand. Spatial dispersion was assessed with Morisita's index for quadrat sizes ranging from 61 m(2) to 25 ha; spatial attraction and repulsion between species and size classes were measured with Iwao's index. Only Vatica had a negative exponential diameter distribution suggesting continuous recruitment. The other species had either normal (Hopea) or irregular diameter distributions with peaks in the large size classes (Anisoptera, Dipterocarpus). All four species were significantly clumped at most quadrat sizes. At the local scale, saplings and poles of Hopea and Anisoptera were negatively associated with adults at quadrat sizes <1000-5000 m(2), while the distributions of Dipterocarpus and Vatica saplings and poles were independent of adult trees. In general, saplings and poles were always positively associated with each other. Spatial segregation among species may imply habitat specialization. A torus-translation analysis of habitat association for each of the dipterocarp species revealed both positive and negative species- specific associations. At HKK,most of the dipterocarps' spatial distributions were independent of each other and there was no evidence of strong spatial segregation among species. The irregular diameter distributions, clumping at large spatial scales, and lack of positive association between juvenile and adult stems suggest that many of the dipterocarps at the 50 ha plot may have established after a large-scale catastrophic disturbance. In the absence of catastrophic disturbance, we hypothesize that the Hopea and Anisoptera populations will eventually disappear from the plot because of a lack of suitable recruitment conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Thai Forest Dept, Silvicultural Res Div, Forest Res Off, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Singapore 1025, Singapore. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osaka City Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 101 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00126-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00126-3 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000006 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Wade, DD AF Hanula, JL Wade, DD TI Influence of long-term dormant-season burning and fire exclusion on ground-dwelling arthropod populations in longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; prescribed-burning; fire; arthropods; insects ID DIVERSITY; INSECTS; VICTORIA; BIOMASS; PRAIRIE; FOREST AB Frequent dormant-season prescribed bums were applied at 1-, 2- and 4-year intervals to longleaf pine stands, Pinus palustris, for over 40 years on the Osceola National Forest in Baker County, Florida. Control plots were unburned for the same period of time. Pitfall traps were operated from November 1994 to October 1999 to measure the short- and long-term effects of prescribed burning frequency on the relative abundance and diversity of ground-dwelling macroarthropods. We also measured dead and live plant biomass to determine how long-term frequent fires affected the structure of the forest floor. The average total dead plus live plant biomass was significantly higher on plots where fire had been excluded. Annual and biennial burning resulted in about the same amount of total plant biomass (dead and live plant material combined) which was significantly less than the quadrennially burned plots. Shannon diversity (Y) and evenness of ground-dwelling arthropods were reduced by burning. Annually burned plots had the lowest diversity and evenness while biennially and quadrennially burned plots also were significantly lower than unburned control plots. Dormant-season burning did not increase the number of rare genera regardless of frequency. Percent similarity of arthropod communities was highest for comparisons between plots that had been burned (60-68%) and lowest for the comparison of annually burned plots to unburned controls (37%). Examination of diversity and similarity through time showed that changes were due to short-term effects caused by the application of fire and not long-term changes in the ground-dwelling arthropod community. Burning significantly reduced the numbers of predators regardless of fire frequency and resulted in an increased number of detritivores. A total of 42 genera were reduced by prescribed burning; 32 genera were captured in greater numbers on annually burned plots, and I I genera had higher numbers in one or both of the intermediate burn frequencies (biennial or quadrennial). Twenty-six genera were captured in equal numbers on quadrennially and annually burned plots, but in significantly lower numbers than on unburned plots, demonstrating that 4 years was insufficient time for their populations to recover from mild dormant-season fires. Arthropod response to burning appeared to be species specific so attempts to generalize how arthropods will respond based on a few species or groups should be avoided. The slow recovery rate of so many species suggests that management oriented toward conservation of biodiversity in longleaf pine flatwoods should include areas of fire exclusion. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 184 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00130-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00130-5 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000012 ER PT J AU Buckley, DS Crow, TR Nauertz, EA Schulz, KE AF Buckley, DS Crow, TR Nauertz, EA Schulz, KE TI Influence of skid trails and haul roads on understory plant richness and composition in managed forest landscapes in Upper Michigan, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE managed forests; haul roads; skid trails; introduced plant species; compaction; canopy cover ID NEW-ENGLAND; SOIL; INVASION; COMPACTION; SURVIVAL; OREGON; AREA; DISTURBANCE; MOVEMENTS; RESPONSES AB We evaluated impacts of disturbance in interior haul roads and skid trails on understory vegetation by documenting the areal extent of these features and plant composition along 10 m x 100 m belt transects. Ten belt transects were sampled in each of three comparable northern hardwood forests under even-aged management. These forests were approximately 80 years old and were last entered for thinning 4-6 years prior to sampling. Soil compaction, canopy cover, and the richness and composition of trees, shrubs, and herbs were quantified within each feature (i.e. haul roads, skid trails, and forest without soil disturbance) encountered along transects. These variables were also quantified in unmanaged northern hardwood stands of comparable age. Differences in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil moisture between haul roads and adjacent patches of forest were measured along line transects placed across haul roads, perpendicular to their main axis. On average, haul roads and skid trails comprised 1 and 16% of total managed stand area, respectively. Compaction, PAR, and soil moisture were highest in haul roads. Understory plant richness was significantly greater in haul roads than in skid trails and forest, and resulted from significantly greater percentages of introduced species (13%) and wetland species that were native to the area, but not normally abundant in northern hardwood stands (23%). Skid trails had a greater percentage of wetland species (9%) than in forest, but differences in richness between skid trails and forest were not statistically significant. Up to the present time, the impact of haul roads on understory vegetation has received far less attention than impacts on soil properties and water quality. Although haul roads comprise a relatively small proportion of total stand area, they serve as primary conduits for the dispersal of introduced species into the interior of managed stands and contribute to significant shifts in plant richness and composition at the stand level. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Agr Expt Stn, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Buckley, DS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Agr Expt Stn, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 55 TC 83 Z9 96 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 509 EP 520 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00185-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00185-8 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 654NY UT WOS:000181504000038 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Lesch, SM Grieve, CM AF Zeng, LH Lesch, SM Grieve, CM TI Rice growth and yield respond to changes in water depth and salinity stress SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water depth; salinity; seedling establishment; yield components; rice ID SATIVA-L VARIETIES; RESISTANCE; COMPONENTS; LEVEL AB Depth of standing water in rice paddy fields is an important agronomic parameter in the management of irrigation-related salinity problems. It was hypothesized that reductions in the yield of rice under salinity stress can be ameliorated by adjusting the water depth. This study was designed to determine the interactive effects of salinity and water depth on seedling establishment and grain yield in rice. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated with nutrient solutions amended with NaCl and CaCl2 (5:1 molar concentrations). Treatments were three salt levels with electrical conductivities at 0.9, 3.3 and 6.0 dS m(-1) and six water depths at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 20 cm. The effects of both salinity and water depth were significant on plant growth and yield. However, there was no interaction between the effects of salinity and water depth. Reductions in seedling establishment and grain yield with increases of salinity and water depth resulted from a simple combination of the two different stresses on plants. Highly significant negative correlations were identified between water depth and seedling establishment and also between water depth and grain yield when data were combined across salt levels. Generally, plants performed better with respect to seedling establishment and grain yield in shallow water (i.e. <10 cm) than in deep water (i.e. >10 cm). Under salt stress, the effect of water depth was significant for particle number, but not significant for panicle weight. The loss of grain yield under salt stress with the increases of water depth was mainly due to reduction in fertile tiller number. We suggest that water depth be lowered during the initiation and growth of productive tillers. However, the practice by lowering water depth must be incorporated with appropriate field management such as the increase of irrigation frequency, precision leveling, and effective weed control methods. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAR 2 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 AR PII S0378-3774(02)00088-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00088-4 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 652KW UT WOS:000181379200005 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ TI New triacylglycerol oil with superior low-temperature and thermal stability. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Penn State Univ, USDA, NCAUR, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM adharyua@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0014-AGRO BP U93 EP U93 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800344 ER PT J AU Appell, MD Momany, FA Willett, JL AF Appell, MD Momany, FA Willett, JL TI B3LYP/6-311++G** study of the boat conformations of glucose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 35-CARB BP U256 EP U256 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801105 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH TI Species specificity of structures of native celluloses: The challenge of quantification. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rhatalla@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 32-CELL BP U272 EP U272 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801174 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Willet, JL Cheng, HN AF Biswas, A Willet, JL Cheng, HN TI Polyblends containing starch and vinyl polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Hercules Inc, Res Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. EM BISWASA@ncaur.usda.gov; hcheng@herc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 589-POLY BP U635 EP U635 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918003286 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Reaction products of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids and sodium hypophosphite for improved flame resistance of cotton-containing materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM eblanch@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 134-CELL BP U288 EP U288 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801275 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Raina, A AF Bland, JM Raina, A TI Semiochemicals of termite origin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jbland@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-041 BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800254 ER PT J AU Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG AF Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG TI Sorption-desorption of "aged" isoxaflutole and diketonitrile degradate to soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM GaiLBresnahan@ndsu.nodak.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0045-AGRO BP U97 EP U98 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800373 ER PT J AU Caston-Pierre, S Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Goynes, W AF Caston-Pierre, S Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Goynes, W TI Detection of human neutrophil elastase with selectively modified cross-linked ethoxylate acrylate resins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM spierre@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 66-CELL BP U278 EP U278 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801208 ER PT J AU Chen, QC Li, BW AF Chen, QC Li, BW TI Determination of phytic acid and inositol pentakisphosphates in foods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. EM chen@bhnrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-054 BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800267 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Tellez, MR AF Cornelius, ML Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Tellez, MR TI Potential role of semiochemicals produced by lignin-degrading fungi in improving the efficacy of baits for control of the formosan subterranean termite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM mcorneli@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-042 BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800255 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunlap, CA AF Cote, GL Dunlap, CA TI Alternansucrase acceptor reactions with methyl glycosides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 34-CARB BP U256 EP U256 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801104 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Role of lactic acid in corn wet-mill steeping: A study of structure-activity relationships. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM odailey@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-064 BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800277 ER PT J AU Dicosty, RJ Weliky, DP Anderson, SJ Paul, EA AF Dicosty, RJ Weliky, DP Anderson, SJ Paul, EA TI 15N-CPMAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biological stability of soil organic nitrogen in whole soil and particle-size fractions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rdicosty@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 056-GEOC BP U919 EP U920 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804261 ER PT J AU Dungan, R Brown, GE AF Dungan, R Brown, GE TI Effect of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on soil microbial communities in an organically amended soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Rdungan@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0005-AGRO BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800335 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Mullerr, RT Kuan, JCW Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Mullerr, RT Kuan, JCW Pepperman, AB TI Metabolic engineering of bakers' yeast for production of value-added lipids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM jdyer@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0115-AGFD BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800327 ER PT J AU Elder, T Kelley, SS AF Elder, T Kelley, SS TI Spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. EM elder@forestry.auburn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 104-CELL BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801245 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, AD Johnson, GP TI Energy surfaces for cellobiose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 34-CELL BP U273 EP U273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801176 ER PT J AU Gallagher, S AF Gallagher, S TI Synthesis of metal complexing polysiloxanes using the sol-gel process. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM skipg@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 12-POLY BP U533 EP U534 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918002709 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ AF Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ TI Alkaline resistant starch blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmg@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 205-IEC BP U983 EP U983 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804625 ER PT J AU Goheen, SC Gaither, K Rayburn, A Edwards, JV AF Goheen, SC Gaither, K Rayburn, A Edwards, JV TI Capacity of derivatized cotton for serum albumin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA ARS, SRRC, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM steve.goheen@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 88-CELL BP U281 EP U281 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801229 ER PT J AU Groom, LH AF Groom, LH TI Relationships between wood fiber properties and composite performance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM lgroom@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 98-CELL BP U283 EP U283 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801239 ER PT J AU Guo, MX Papiernik, SK Zheng, W Yates, SR Brown, GE AF Guo, MX Papiernik, SK Zheng, W Yates, SR Brown, GE TI Formation and extraction of fumigant residues in soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mguo@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0008-AGRO BP U92 EP U92 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800338 ER PT J AU Handa, AK Mattoo, AK Perla, V AF Handa, AK Mattoo, AK Perla, V TI Field performance of genetically engineered high lycopene tomatoes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM 2handa@hort.purdue.edu RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0013-BTEC BP U45 EP U45 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800125 ER PT J AU Hanna, J Ikediobi, CO Ugwu, EU Latinwo, LM Cilek, J Barnard, D AF Hanna, J Ikediobi, CO Ugwu, EU Latinwo, LM Cilek, J Barnard, D TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of some alkynol analogs of 1-octen-3-ol as potential mosquito attractants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, JAM Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM johnhanna21@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 210-ENVR BP U831 EP U831 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803921 ER PT J AU Hanna, J Ikediobi, CO Ugwu, EU Latinwo, LM Cilek, J Barnard, D AF Hanna, J Ikediobi, CO Ugwu, EU Latinwo, LM Cilek, J Barnard, D TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of some alkynol analogs of 1-octen-3-ol as potential mosquito attractants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Florida A&M Univ, JAM Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. ARS, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM johnhanna@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 62-MEDI BP U184 EP U185 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PW UT WOS:000187918000988 ER PT J AU Hicks, KB Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Doner, LW Fishman, ML Dien, BS AF Hicks, KB Moreau, RA Johnston, DB Doner, LW Fishman, ML Dien, BS TI Nutraceuticals and novel food ingredients from corn milling by-products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM khicks@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0106-AGFD BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800318 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD AF Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD TI Bioherbicides: Research and risk assessment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rhoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0062-AGRO BP U100 EP U100 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800390 ER PT J AU Inglesby, MK Buschle-Diller, G Guttman, ME Gray, GM Wood, DF Bailey, DA AF Inglesby, MK Buschle-Diller, G Guttman, ME Gray, GM Wood, DF Bailey, DA TI Cellulosic fibers as reinforcing agents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, WRRC, Bioprod Chem & Engn Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM inglesby@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 127-CELL BP U287 EP U287 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801268 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Mu, Y Laplaza, JM Kang, MH Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Mu, Y Laplaza, JM Kang, MH Jeffries, TW TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for xylose metabolism does not recognize xylose as a fermentable carbon source. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 30-CELL BP U272 EP U272 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801172 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goldade, DA Kohler, DJ Cummings, JL AF Johnston, JJ Goldade, DA Kohler, DJ Cummings, JL TI Determination of white phosphorus residues in ducks: An atomic emission detection/compound independent calibration based method of generating residue data for risk assessment and environmental monitoring. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 170-ENVR BP U825 EP U825 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803881 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS AF Kahlon, TS TI Utilization of rice milling by-product as a healthful food product. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0110-AGFD BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800322 ER PT J AU Kenealy, WR Buschle-Diller, G Elder, TJ AF Kenealy, WR Buschle-Diller, G Elder, TJ TI Modification of pulp fibers by laccase treatment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bkenealy@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 122-CELL BP U286 EP U287 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801263 ER PT J AU Kenealy, WR Klungness, J Tshabalala, MA Akhtar, M Horn, E Gleisner, R Buschle-Diller, G AF Kenealy, WR Klungness, J Tshabalala, MA Akhtar, M Horn, E Gleisner, R Buschle-Diller, G TI Modification of the physical properties of lignocellulosic materials by laccase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Text Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bkenealy@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 17-CELL BP U270 EP U270 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801159 ER PT J AU Klungness, JH Gleisner, R Hess, J Horn, EG AF Klungness, JH Gleisner, R Hess, J Horn, EG TI Activating TMP for improved strength with filler addition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jklungness@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 43-CELL BP U274 EP U274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801185 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM AF Kuo, TM TI Conversion of unsaturated fatty acids by compost bacteria. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kuotm@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 259-BIOT BP U226 EP U226 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800947 ER PT J AU Ladisch, MR Mosier, N Hendrickson, R Dreschel, R Welch, G Dien, BS Bothast, R AF Ladisch, MR Mosier, N Hendrickson, R Dreschel, R Welch, G Dien, BS Bothast, R TI Principles and economics of pretreating cellulose in water for ethanol production. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biochem Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM ladisch@ecn.purdue.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800315 ER PT J AU Lee, C Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Lee, C Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI Cloning and characterization of the XYN11A gene from lentinula edodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 61-CELL BP U277 EP U277 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801203 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K AF Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K TI New developments in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach to pesticide residue analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM slehotay@arserrc.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0065-AGRO BP U101 EP U101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800393 ER PT J AU Li, XL AF Li, XL TI Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass by enzymes from anaerobic fungi. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lix@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 44-CELL BP U274 EP U274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801186 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Akin, DE Barton, FE AF Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Akin, DE Barton, FE TI Pressure and temperature effects on soybean oil based composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM liuz@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 73-CELL BP U279 EP U279 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801215 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ AF Maleki, SJ TI Effects of processing on the structure, function, and allergenic properties of peanut proteins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sjmaleki@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-083 BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800296 ER EF